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Tyagi G, Lahoti M, Srivastava A, Patil D, Jadhav UU, Purekar AS. Bioconcrete-Enabled Resilient Construction: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2901-2927. [PMID: 36976510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Concrete, the ubiquitous cementitious composite though immensely versatile, is crack-susceptible. Cracks let in deleterious substances causing durability issues. Superseding conventional crack-repair methods, the innovative application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) stands prominent, being based on the natural phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. It is eco-friendly, self-activated, economical, and simplistic. Bacteria inside concrete get activated by contacting the environment upon the crack opening and filling the cracks with calcium carbonate-their metabolic waste. This work systematizes MICCP's intricacies and reviews state-of-the-art literature on practical technicalities in its materialization and testing. Explored are the latest advances in various aspects of MICCP, such as bacteria species, calcium sources, encapsulations, aggregates, and the techniques of bio-calcification and curing. Furthermore, methodologies for crack formation, crack observation, property analysis of healed test subject, and present techno-economic limitations are examined. The work serves as a succinct, implementation-ready, and latest review for MICCP's application, giving tailorable control over the enormous variations in this bio-mimetic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Mukund Lahoti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India.
| | - Anshuman Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Deeksha Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Umesh U Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Aniruddha S Purekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
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2
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Li Z, Liu A, Sun C, Li H, Kong Z, Zhai H. Biomineralization Process of CaCO 3 Precipitation Induced by Bacillus mucilaginous and Its Potential Application in Microbial Self-healing Concrete. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1896-1920. [PMID: 37440115 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is widely common in nature, which belongs to biomineralization and has been explored carefully in recent decades. The paper studied the effect of temperature, initial pH value and Ca2+ concentration on bacterial growth and carbonic anhydrase activity, and then revealed the biomineralization process through the changes of Ca2+ concentration and calcification rate in alkali environment. Meanwhile, microbial healing agent containing spores and calcium nitrate was prepared and used for the early age concrete cracks repair. The self-healing efficiency was assessed by crack closure rate and water permeability repair rate. The experimental results showed that when the optimal temperature was 30 °C, the pH was 8.0-11.0, and the optimal Ca2+ concentration was 0-90 mM, the bacteria could grow better and the carbonic anhydrase activity was higher. Compared with reference, the crack closure rate with the crack width up to 0.339 mm could reach 95.62% and the water permeability repair rate was 87.54% after 28 d healing time of dry-wet cycles. XRD analysis showed that the precipitates at the crack mouth were calcite CaCO3. Meanwhile, the self-healing mechanism of mortar cracks was discussed in detail. In particular, there is no other pollution in the whole mineralization process, and the self-healing system is environmentally friendly, which provides a novel idea and method for the application of microbial self-healing concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Li
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Aizhu Liu
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zheng Kong
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haoran Zhai
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Aceituno-Caicedo D, Shvarzman A, Zhutovsky S, Dittrich M. Impact of bacterial admixtures on the compressive and tensile strengths, permeability, and pore structure of ternary mortars: Comparative study of ureolytic and phototrophic bacteria. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300157. [PMID: 37779350 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of bacterial biomass to cementitious materials can improve strength and permeability properties by altering the pore structure. Photoautotrophic bacteria are understudied mortar bio-additives that do not produce unwanted by-products compared to commonly studied ureolytic species. This study directly compares the impact of the addition of heterotrophic Bacillus subtilis to photoautotrophic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 on mortar properties and microstructure. Cellulose fibers were used as a bacteria carrier. A commercial concrete healing agent composed of dormant bacterial spores was also tested. Strength, water absorption tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were applied to experimental mortar properties. The photoautotrophic modifications had a stronger positive impact on mortar strength and permeability properties than sporulated heterotrophic modifications due to differences in surface properties and production of exopolysaccharides. The findings provide support for photoautotrophic species as additives for mortars to move away from ammonia-generating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aceituno-Caicedo
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asia Shvarzman
- Antex Western Ltd/ACM Technologies, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Maria Dittrich
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Earth Sciences Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Xu JM, Wang WJ, Chen ZT, Zhou YY, Pan JJ, Cheng F, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Exploring a high-urease activity Bacillus cereus for self-healing concrete via induced CaCO 3 precipitation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6351-6362. [PMID: 37606789 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The structural integrity and esthetic appeal of concrete can be compromised by concrete cracks. Promise has been shown by microbe-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) as a solution for concrete cracking, with a focus on urease-producing microorganisms in research. Bacillus cereus was isolated from soil and employed for this purpose in this study due to its high urease activity. The strain exhibited strong tolerance for alkaline media and high salt levels, which grew at a pH of 13 and 4% salt concentration. The repair of concrete cracks with this strain was evaluated by assessing the effects of four different thickeners at varying concentrations. The most effective results were achieved with 10 g/L of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). The data showed that over 90% repair of cracks was achieved by this system with an initial water penetration time of 30 s. The study also assessed the quantity and sizes of crystals generated during the bacterial mineralization process over time to improve our understanding of the process. KEY POINTS: • MICP using Bacillus cereus shows potential for repairing concrete cracks. • Strain tolerates alkaline media and high salt levels, growing at pH 13 and 4% salt concentration. • Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) at 10 g/L achieved over 90% repair of cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Miao Xu
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhuo-Ting Chen
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jia-Jia Pan
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, The National and Local, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Mirshahmohammad M, Rahmani H, Maleki-Kakelar M, Bahari A. Performance of biological methods on self-healing and mechanical properties of concrete using S. pasteurii. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:2128-2144. [PMID: 35931842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological methods (adding bacteria to the concrete mixtures) among the most recently investigated procedures increase the durability of concrete and repair concrete cracks. In the present study, different biological methods were used to heal the cracks of concrete and the most suitable method was subsequently introduced as the main aim of the research. For this purpose, the culture medium, various sources of calcium salts as bacterial nutrients, and the effect of air-entrained agent on the healing process were studied. The results showed that the use of bacterial nutrient inside the concrete mixes has an affirmative impact on the mechanical properties and self-healing characteristics of concretes. Simultaneous use of Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria and calcium nitrate-urea or calcium chloride-urea as a bacterial nutrient in the concrete mixture increased the 28 days compressive strength of concretes by 23.4% and 7.5%, respectively. The utilization of bacterial cells, nutrients, and culture in the concrete mixture provided the ability to heal wide cracks where the healing time was significantly reduced (about 8 days). On the other hand, separation of the bacterial culture medium slightly reduced the self-healing performance of the concretes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Rahmani
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Bahari
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Jain S, Fang C, Achal V. A critical review on microbial carbonate precipitation via denitrification process in building materials. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7529-7551. [PMID: 34652267 PMCID: PMC8806777 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1979862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring biomineralization or microbially induced calcium carbonate (MICP) precipitation is gaining huge attention due to its widespread application in various fields of engineering. Microbial denitrification is one of the feasible metabolic pathways, in which the denitrifying microbes lead to precipitation of carbonate biomineral by their basic enzymatic and metabolic activities. This review article explains all the metabolic pathways and their mechanism involved in the MICP process in detail along with the benefits of using denitrification over other pathways during MICP implementation. The potential application of denitrification in building materials pertaining to soil reinforcement, bioconcrete, restoration of heritage structures and mitigating the soil pollution has been reviewed by addressing the finding and limitation of MICP treatment. This manuscript further sheds light on the challenges faced during upscaling, real field implementation and the need for future research in this path. The review concludes that although MICP via denitrification is an promising technique to employ it in building materials, a vast interdisciplinary research is still needed for the successful commercialization of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Jain
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Chaolin Fang
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Varenyam Achal
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
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Zhu T, Merroun ML, Arhonditsis G, Dittrich M. Attachment on mortar surfaces by cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa PCC 73106 and sequestration of CO 2 by microbially induced calcium carbonate. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1243. [PMID: 34713603 PMCID: PMC8516036 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial carbonate precipitation induced by cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) enhances mortar durability. The percentage of cell/EPS attachment regulates the effectiveness of the mortar restoration. This study investigates the cell coverage on mortar and microbially induced carbonate precipitation. Statistical analysis of results from scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy shows that the cell coverage was higher in the presence of UV-killed cells than living cells. Cells are preferably attached to cement paste than sand grains, with a difference of one order of magnitude. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses and Raman mapping suggest cyanobacteria used atmospheric CO2 to precipitate carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Biogeochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
- Present address:
Department of Geography, Geomatics and EnvironmentDepartment of Mathematical and Computational SciencesUniversity of Toronto Mississauga3359 Mississauga RdMississaugaOntarioL5L 1C6Canada
| | | | - George Arhonditsis
- Ecological Modelling LaboratoryDepartment of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Maria Dittrich
- Biogeochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
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8
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Abstract
Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a biological process inducing biomineralization of CaCO3. This can be used to form a solid, concrete-like material. To be able to use MICP successfully to produce solid materials, it is important to understand the formation process of the material in detail. It is well known that crystallization surfaces can influence the precipitation process. Therefore, we present in this contribution a systematic study investigating the influence of calcite seeds on the MICP process. We focus on the changes in the pH and changes of the optical density (OD) signal measured with absorption spectroscopy to analyze the precipitation process. Furthermore, optical microscopy was used to visualize the precipitation processes in the sample and connect them to changes in the pH and OD. We show, that there is a significant difference in the pH evolution between samples with and without calcite seeds present and that the shape of the pH evolution and the changes in OD can give detailed information about the mineral precipitation and transformations. In the presented experiments we show, that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) can also precipitate in the presence of initial calcite seeds and this can have implications for consolidated MICP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zehner
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anja Røyne
- The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Rajkowska K, Koziróg A, Otlewska A, Piotrowska M, Atrián-Blasco E, Franco-Castillo I, Mitchell SG. Antifungal Activity of Polyoxometalate-Ionic Liquids on Historical Brick. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235663. [PMID: 33271794 PMCID: PMC7729500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Moulds inhabiting mineral-based materials may cause their biodeterioration, contributing to inestimable losses, especially in the case of cultural heritage objects and architectures. Fungi in mouldy buildings may also pose a threat to human health and constitute the main etiological factor in building related illnesses. In this context, research into novel compounds with antifungal activity is of high importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of polyoxometalate-ionic liquids (POM-ILs) and their use in the eradication of moulds from historical brick. In the disc diffusion assay, all the tested POM-ILs inhibited growth of a mixed culture of moulds including Engyodontium album, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. These were isolated from the surfaces of historical brick barracks at the Auschwitz II-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland. POM-IL coatings on historical brick samples, under model conditions, showed that two compounds demonstrated very high antifungal activity, completely limiting mould growth and development. The antifungal activity of the POM-ILs appeared to stem from their toxic effects on conidia, as evidenced by environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. The results herein indicated that POM-ILs are promising disinfectant materials for use not only on historical objects, but probably also on other mineral-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rajkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Anna Koziróg
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Otlewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Piotrowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Elena Atrián-Blasco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.A.-B.); (I.F.-C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Franco-Castillo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.A.-B.); (I.F.-C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Scott G. Mitchell
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.A.-B.); (I.F.-C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (S.G.M.)
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Jagels A, Stephan F, Ernst S, Lindemann V, Cramer B, Hübner F, Humpf HU. Artificial vs natural Stachybotrys infestation-Comparison of mycotoxin production on various building materials. Indoor Air 2020; 30:1268-1282. [PMID: 32510685 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Stachybotrys belongs to filamentous fungi found in indoor environment, mostly on cellulose-rich substrates after water-damage. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different building materials in case of mold infestation on the mycotoxin production of Stachybotrys species. Fifteen Stachybotrys mycotoxins including satratoxins, phenylspirodrimanes, and recently discovered stachybotrychromenes were in the focus of the investigations. Artificial and natural infestations were compared to determine whether environmental factors, for example, time of growth, temperature, humidity, and material additives have an influence on the observed mycotoxin profiles. It turned out that mycotoxin profiles from Stachybotrys spp. on building materials can be influenced by cellulose, paints, and paste of the materials. The total toxin levels of artificially and naturally contaminated gypsum board samples ranged up to 30 µg/cm2 , whereas wallpaper samples showed total toxin levels in the range of 20-66 µg/cm2 . A naturally infested sample disclosed the conversion of the dialdehyde components to the corresponding lactone isomers under the influence of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jagels
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Stephan
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Viktoria Lindemann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Hübner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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Kobetičová K, Fořt J, Černý R. Interactions of superabsorbent polymers based on acrylamide substances with microorganisms occurring in human dwellings. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 195:110522. [PMID: 32220794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are most often used in hygienic goods or in the agricultural sector but the range of their application is much broader, including the utilization in advanced building materials. Although SAPs were studied widely during the last decades, the data related to the interactions between the natural environment and various organisms occurring on their surface are still lacking. In addition, SAPs can create a variable gel-forming matter in the presence of water but standard ecotoxicological bioassays are mostly not suitable for testing such type of materials. In this study, the SAPs potential for reducing/supporting unwanted indoor microorganism settlement was analyzed by biological methods under controlled laboratory conditions. Three commonly used SAPs (Cabloc CT, Creasorb SIS, Hydropam) were exposed to selected organisms representing green algae (Hematococcus pluvialis), cyanobacteria (Nostoc sp.), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), wood-destroying fungi (Gleophyllium trabeum), and aerial molds. The obtained results indicated that Hydropam provided favorable conditions for Hematococcus pluvialis, Nostoc sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All three tested SAPs inhibited, both with and without nutrient addition, the growth of Gleophyllium trabeum and aerial molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Kobetičová
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7/2077, 166 29, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Fořt
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7/2077, 166 29, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Černý
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7/2077, 166 29, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Wood JP, Wendling M, Richter W, Rogers J. The use of ozone gas for the inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis spores on building materials. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233291. [PMID: 32437373 PMCID: PMC7241793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of ozone gas in inactivating spores of both Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis inoculated onto six building materials (glass, wood, carpet, laminate, galvanized metal, and wallboard paper). Testing conditions consisted of ozone gas concentrations ranging from 7,000-12,000 parts per million (ppm), contact times from 4 to 12 h, and two relative humidity (RH) levels of 75 and 85%. Results showed that increasing the ozone concentration, contact time, and RH generally increased decontamination efficacy. The materials in which the highest decontamination efficacy was achieved for B. anthracis spores were wallboard paper, carpet, and wood with ≥ 6 log10 reduction (LR) occurring with 9,800 ppm ozone, 85% RH, for 6 h. The laminate and galvanized metal materials were generally more difficult to decontaminate, requiring 12,000 ppm ozone, 85% RH, and 9-12 h contact time to achieve ≥6 LR of B. anthracis. Lastly, overall, there were no significant differences in decontamination efficacy between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Wood
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Homeland Security Research Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Morgan Wendling
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William Richter
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James Rogers
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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13
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De Natale A, Mele BH, Cennamo P, Del Mondo A, Petraretti M, Pollio A. Microbial biofilm community structure and composition on the lithic substrates of Herculaneum Suburban Baths. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232512. [PMID: 32365130 PMCID: PMC7197799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we want to investigate the impact of different substrates and different environmental condition on the biofilm communities growing on plaster, marble, and mortar substrates inside the Herculaneum Suburban Baths. To do so, we measured environmental conditions and sampled biofilm communities along the walls of the baths and used culture-dependent and -independent molecular techniques (DGGE) to identify the species at each sampling sites. We used the species pool to infer structure and richness of communities within each site in each substrate, and confocal light scanning microscopy to assess the three-dimensional structure of the sampled biofilms. To gather further insights, we built a meta-community network and used its local realizations to analyze co-occurrence patterns of species. We found that light is a limiting factor in the baths environment, that moving along sites equals moving along an irradiation gradient, and that such gradient shapes the community structure, de facto separating a dark community, rich in Bacteria, Fungi and cyanobacteria, from two dim communities, rich in Chlorophyta. Almost all sites are dominated by photoautotrophs, with Fungi and Bacteria relegated to the role of rare species., and structural properties of biofilms are not consistent within the same substrate. We conclude that the Herculaneum suburban baths are an environment-shaped community, where one dark community (plaster) and one dim community (mortar) provides species to a “midway” community (marble).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino De Natale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Cennamo
- Facoltà di Lettere, University Suor Orsola Benincasa of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariagioia Petraretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Metodologie Analitiche per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali (Masbc), Task Force d’Ateneo Federico II di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
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14
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Jiang L, Jia G, Wang Y, Li Z. Optimization of Sporulation and Germination Conditions of Functional Bacteria for Concrete Crack-Healing and Evaluation of their Repair Capacity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:10938-10948. [PMID: 32023024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While microbial spore production and germination of bacteria have been widely studied for their applications in animal husbandry, aquatic products, medicine, and food, few studies have investigated their use for the crack-healing of concrete. To effectively heal the cracks in concrete, studies suggest that the rate of sporulation and the germination of bacteria should be sufficiently high. This study investigates the effects of different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, Mn2+ concentrations, and external culture conditions on the sporulation rate and analyzes the effects of the pH value, heat activation, germinants, various cations, and nutrients on the germination of spores. Bacillus cohnii (B. cohnii) is chosen as the bacterium to be mixed in concrete because of its alkalophilic nature. The mineralization activity of spores after germination and the crack-healing capacity of concrete are studied. The optimal culture medium and the optimum external conditions for spore production are obtained. The total cell count and sporulation rate of bacteria obtained on this medium are 3.14 × 109 CFU/mL and 92.6%, respectively, under the optimum external conditions. The optimal pH value for the spore germination of B. cohnii is 9.7. While the cation Na+ strongly stimulates the germination of B. cohnii spores, other cations (such as K+, NH4+, and Ca2+) do not stimulate spore germination. The optimal concentration of Na+ is 200 mM. The germination rate of spores in the control group concrete specimen (room temperature 24°C) was more than 50%, thus suggesting that B. cohnii bacteria can be used in the self-healing of concrete cracks. The mineralization activity test proves that the spores of B. cohnii have a mineralizing function after germination, and the crystals produced by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) are of pure calcite. When the crack width of the concrete specimen with spores of B. cohnii is less than 1.2 mm, it can be completely repaired after 28 days of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi Shengke Microorganism Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Jia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanxi University, Tauyuan, Shanxi 030013, P. R. China
- Shanxi Shengke Microorganism Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi Shengke Microorganism Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P. R. China
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15
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Li W, Tan Q, Zhou W, Chen J, Li Y, Wang F, Zhang J. Impact of substrate material and chlorine/chloramine on the composition and function of a young biofilm microbial community as revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125310. [PMID: 31896192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial composition of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems is significantly impacted by the disinfection regime and substrate material. However, studies that have addressed the changes in the biofilm community during the early stage of formation (less than 10 weeks) were not yet adequate. Here, we explore the effects of the substrate materials (cast iron, stainless steel, copper, polyvinyl chloride, and high density polyethylene) and different disinfectants (chlorine and chloramine) on the community composition and function of young biofilm by using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that Alphaproteobacteria (39.14%-80.87%) and Actinobacteria (5.90%-40.03%) were the dominant classes in chlorine-disinfection samples, while Alphaproteobacteria (17.46%-74.18%) and Betaproteobacteria (3.79%-68.50%) became dominant in a chloraminated group. The infrequently discussed genus Phreatobacter became predominant in the chlorinated samples, but it was inhibited by chloramine and copper ions. The key driver of the community composition was indicated as different disinfectants according to principle coordination analysis (PCoA) and Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (Adonis test), and the bacterial community changed significantly over time. Communities of biofilms grown on cast iron showed a great distance from the other materials according to Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, and they had a unique dominant genus, Dechloromonas. A metagenomics prediction based on 16S rDNA was used to detect the functional pathways of antibiotic biosynthesis and beta-lactam resistance, and it revealed that several pathways were significantly different in terms of their chlorinated and chloraminated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qiaowen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Water Environment Technology, MCC Huatian Engineering and Technology Corporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210019, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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16
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Xiao Y, Sawicka B, Liu Y, Zhou B, Hou P, Li Y. Visualizing the macroscale spatial distributions of biofilms in complex flow channels using industrial computed tomography. Biofouling 2020; 36:115-125. [PMID: 32090601 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1728260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms in enclosed pipelines can lead to numerous deleterious issues. To date, it has been difficult to use optical imaging techniques to monitor the macroscale spatial distributions of biofilms. To address this concern, a combination of industrial computed tomography (ICT) and a contrast agent was explored to noninvasively visualize biofilms in three types of drip irrigation emitters. The results showed that ICT successfully observed and quantified the macroscale spatial distributions of biofilms. The complex hydrodynamic characteristics in the emitter channels affected the local distributions of biofilms. Biofilms were mainly attached to the lateral and medial faces and biomass decreased along the flow directions. Based on the distributions of biofilms, some emitter structural design defects were further diagnosed. Applying ICT in combination with the contrast agent could potentially provide a visual and effective way to reveal the formation mechanisms of biofilms and to optimize flow channel structures to avoid biofilm accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Hou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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17
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Talluri SNL, Winter RM, Salem DR. Conditioning film formation and its influence on the initial adhesion and biofilm formation by a cyanobacterium on photobioreactor materials. Biofouling 2020; 36:183-199. [PMID: 32281883 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1748186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although cyanobacteria are a common group of microorganisms well-suited to utilization in photobioreactors (PBRs), studies of cyanobacteria fouling and its prevention are scarce. Using a cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, which had been genetically modified to enhance linalool production, the formation of conditioning films and the effects of these on the physico-chemical surface properties of various PBR materials during initial adhesion and biofilm formation were investigated. The adhesion assay revealed that the overall attachment of Anabaena was substratum dependent and no correlation between the hydrophobicity/roughness of clean material and cell attachment was found. Surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of all the materials changed within 12 h due to formation of conditioning films. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the fractional change in protein deposition between 12 to 96 h was consistent with Anabaena cell attachment but polysaccharide deposition was material specific and did not correlate with cell attachment on the PBR materials. Also, the delay in conditioning film proteins on PVC and PTFE indicated that components other than proteins may be responsible for the decrease in contact angles on these surfaces within 12 h. This indicates the important role of the chemical nature of adsorbed conditioning films in determining the initial attachment of Anabaena to PBR materials. The lower rate of attachment of Anabaena on the hydrophilic surfaces (glass and PMMA) between 72 h to 96 h (regime 3) showed that these surfaces could potentially have low fouling characteristics at extended time scales and should be considered for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna N L Talluri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Robb M Winter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - David R Salem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
- Composites and Polymer Engineering Laboratory, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
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18
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Antonelli F, Esposito A, Calvo L, Licursi V, Tisseyre P, Ricci S, Romagnoli M, Piazza S, Guerrieri F. Characterization of black patina from the Tiber River embankments using Next-Generation Sequencing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227639. [PMID: 31917800 PMCID: PMC6952188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Black patinas are very common biological deterioration phenomena on lapideous artworks in outdoor environments. These substrates, exposed to sunlight, and atmospheric and environmental agents (i.e. wind and temperature changes), represent extreme environments that can only be colonized by highly versatile and adaptable microorganisms. Black patinas comprise a wide variety of microorganisms, but the morphological plasticity of most of these microorganisms hinders their identification by optical microscopy. This study used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) (including shotgun and amplicon sequencing) to characterize the black patina of the travertine embankments (muraglioni) of the Tiber River in Rome (Italy). Overall, the sequencing highlighted the rich diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and allowed the identification of more than one hundred taxa. NGS confirmed the relevance of coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria observed by optical microscopy and revealed an informative landscape of the fungal community underlining the presence of microcolonial fungi and phylloplane yeasts. For the first time high-throughput sequencing allowed the exploration of the expansive diversity of bacteria in black patina, which has so far been overlooked in routine analyses. Furthermore, the identification of euendolithic microorganisms and weathering agents underlines the biodegradative role of black patina, which has often been underestimated. Therefore, the use of NGS to characterize black patinas could be useful in choosing appropriate conservation treatments and in the monitoring of stone colonization after the restoration interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Antonelli
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Esposito
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology–CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ludovica Calvo
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Ricci
- Biology Laboratory, Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione e per il Restauro (ISCR), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Romagnoli
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology–CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Epigenetics and epigenomic of hepatocellular carcinoma, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
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19
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Li J, Su M, Wang A, Wu Z, Chen Y, Qin D, Jiang Z. In Situ Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Mesoporous TiO 2 Films Decorated on Bamboo via Self-Sacrificing Reduction to Synthesize Nanocomposites with Efficient Antifungal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5497. [PMID: 31694142 PMCID: PMC6862692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel green approach for the in situ fabrication of Ag NPs in mesoporous TiO2 films via the bamboo self-sacrificing reduction of Ag(NH3)2+ ions, which can inhibit fungal growth on the bamboo surface. Mesoporous anatase TiO2 (MT) films were first synthesized on bamboo via a hydrothermal method. Then, Ag NPs with a 5.3 nm mean diameter were incorporated into the pore channels of optimal MT/bamboo (MTB) samples at room temperature without the addition of reducing agents, such that the Ag NPs were almost entirely embedded into the MT films. Our analysis indicated that the solubilized lignin from bamboo, which is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, serves as a green reductant for reducing the Ag(NH3)2+ ions to Ag NPs. Antifungal experiments with Trichoderma viride under dark conditions highlighted that the antifungal activity of the Ag/MT/bamboo samples were greater than those of naked bamboo, MTB, and Ag/bamboo, suggesting that these hybrid nanomaterials produce a synergistic antifungal effect that is unrelated to photoactivity. The inhibition of Penicillium citrinum effectively followed a similar trend. This newly developed bamboo protection method may provide a sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient method for enhancing the antifungal characteristics of traditional bamboo, having the potential to prolong the service life of bamboo materials, particularly under dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Minglei Su
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Anke Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zaixing Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Technology Research Center for Building and Decorating Materials of Bamboo State Forestry Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; (J.L.); (A.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Daochun Qin
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zehui Jiang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (M.S.); (Z.J.)
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20
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Negi A, Sarethy IP. Microbial Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage: Events, Colonization, and Analyses. Microb Ecol 2019; 78:1014-1029. [PMID: 31025063 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical cycles result in the chemical, physical, and mineralogical modification of rocks, eventually leading to formation of soil. However, when the stones and rocks are a part of historic buildings and monuments, the effects are deleterious. In addition, microorganisms also colonize these monuments over a period of time, resulting in formation of biofilms; their metabolites lead to physical weakening and discoloration of stone eventually. This process, known as biodeterioration, leads to a significant loss of cultural heritage. For formulating effective conservation strategies to prevent biodeterioration and restore monuments, it is important to know which microorganisms are colonizing the substrate and the different energy sources they consume to sustain themselves. With this view in scope, this review focuses on studies that have attempted to understand the process of biodeterioration, the mechanisms by which they colonize and affect the monuments, the techniques used for assessment of biodeterioration, and conservation strategies that aim to preserve the original integrity of the monuments. This review also includes the "omics" technologies that have started playing a large role in elucidating the nature of microorganisms, and how they can play a role in hastening the formulation of effective conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sec 62, Noida, 201309, India
| | - Indira P Sarethy
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sec 62, Noida, 201309, India.
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21
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Kazemian N, Pakpour S, Milani AS, Klironomos J. Environmental factors influencing fungal growth on gypsum boards and their structural biodeterioration: A university campus case study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220556. [PMID: 31374095 PMCID: PMC6677307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The new era in the design of modern healthy buildings necessitates multidisciplinary research efforts that link principles of engineering and material sciences with those of building biology, in order to better comprehend and apply underlying interactions among design criteria. As part of this effort, there have been an array of studies in relation to the effects of building characteristics on indoor microbiota and their propensity to cause health issues. Despite the abundance of scientific inquiries, limited studies have been dedicated to concomitantly link these effects to the deterioration of 'structural integrity' in the building materials. This study focuses on the observed biodeteriorative capabilities of indoor fungi upon the ubiquitous gypsum board material as a function of building age and room functionality within a university campus. We observed that the fungal growth significantly affected the physical (weight loss) and mechanical (tensile strength) properties of moisture-exposed gypsum board samples; in some cases, tensile strength and weight decreased by more than 80%. Such intertwined associations between the biodeterioration of building material properties due to viable indoor fungi, and as a function of building characteristics, would suggest a critical need towards multi-criteria design and optimization of next-generation healthy buildings. Next to structural integrity measures, with a better understanding of what factors and environmental conditions trigger fungal growth in built environment materials, we can also optimize the design of indoor living spaces, cleaning strategies, as well as emergency management measures during probable events such as flooding or water damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Kazemian
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SP); (ASM); (JK)
| | - Abbas S. Milani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- Composites Research Network, Okanagan Node, Kelowna, Canada
- * E-mail: (SP); (ASM); (JK)
| | - John Klironomos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- * E-mail: (SP); (ASM); (JK)
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22
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Fang C, Achal V. Biostimulation of calcite precipitation process by bacterial community in improving cement stabilized rammed earth as sustainable material. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7719-7727. [PMID: 31363824 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rammed earth has been enjoying a renaissance as sustainable construction material with cement stabilized rammed earth (CSRE). At the same time, it is important to convert CSRE to be a stronger, durable, and environment-friendly building material. Bacterial application is established to improve cementitious materials; however, bioaugmentation is not widely acceptable by engineering communities. Hence, the present study is an attempt applying biostimulation approach to develop CSRE as sustainable construction material. Results showed that biostimulation improved the compressive strength of CSRE by 29.6% and resulted in 27.7% lower water absorption compared to control. The process leading to biocementation in improving CSRE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer. Further, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate changes in bacterial community structures after biostimulation that identified majority of ureolytic bacteria dominated by phylum Firmicutes and genus Sporosarcina playing role in biocementation. The results open a way applying biological principle that will be acceptable to a wide range of civil engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolin Fang
- Environmental Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Varenyam Achal
- Environmental Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Karačić S, Wilén BM, Suarez C, Hagelia P, Persson F. Subsea tunnel reinforced sprayed concrete subjected to deterioration harbours distinct microbial communities. Biofouling 2018; 34:1161-1174. [PMID: 30740996 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1556259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of concrete is a large societal cost. In the Oslofjord subsea tunnel (Norway), deterioration of sprayed concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel fibres occur under biofilm formed at sites with intrusion of saline groundwater. In this study, the microbial community structure, in situ environmental gradients and chemical composition of the biofilms were examined at three tunnel sites. Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidising microorganisms, in particular Nitrosopumilus sp., and iron-oxidising bacteria within Mariprofundus sp., were omnipresent, together with a diversity of presumably heterotrophic bacteria. Alpha- and beta diversity measures showed significant differences in richness and community structure between the sites as well as over time and null-models suggested that deterministic factors were important for the community assembly. The superficial flow of water over the biofilm had a strong effect on oxygen penetration in the biofilm and was identified as one major environmental gradient that varied between the sites, likely being important for shaping the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Karačić
- a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- b Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Per Hagelia
- c Tunnel and Concrete Division , The Norwegian Public Roads Administration , Oslo , Norway
| | - Frank Persson
- a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
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24
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Seifan M, Berenjian A. Application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in designing bio self-healing concrete. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:168. [PMID: 30387067 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most broadly used construction materials in the world due to its number of performance characteristics. Despite the long life of concrete structure under ideal conditions, it tends to crack and this phenomenon results in a considerable reduction in service life and performance. Evidence of microbial involvement in the precipitation of minerals has led to a massive investigation on adapting this technology for addressing the concrete cracking issue. Calcium carbonate is one of most compatible materials with the concrete constituents and it can be induced via biological process. In this review paper, the effects of different factors, such as nucleation site, pH, nutrient and temperature, on the biosynthesis of calcium carbonate are elucidated. Moreover, the influences of effective factors on calcium carbonate polymorphism are extensively elaborated. Finally, the limitations for the future application of this innovative technology in construction industry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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25
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Cennamo P, Pasquino N, Guarino V, Morra V, Giorgio A, Caputo P, Moretti A. Use of high-strength electromagnetic radiation to remove phototrophic biofilms from terracotta artifacts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:29654-29662. [PMID: 30144008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique, effective in eliminating biodeteriogens from biofilms encrusting terracotta artifacts, is presented here. This method is based on the use of high-strength electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the radiofrequency band. Shards of terracotta from historical pots at the Botanical Garden of Naples, Italy, were used. The shards, after sterilization, were inoculated with several phototrophic microorganisms previously isolated from whole terracotta pots. The newly formed biofilms were exposed to EMR amplitude modulated by a train of rectangular pulses with Tr = 200 ns repetition time and 10% duty cycle. The exposure protocol consisted of three applications of 2 h each, every other day. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses conducted on the newly formed biofilms showed that, after the first exposure to EMR, all species in the biofilms but one were still alive. The second exposure resulted in the disappearance of 9 out of 13 species that were initially present on the samples. After the third exposure, all species disappeared. Superficial layers of terracotta from the exposed samples, transferred to a culture medium at 24 °C for 72 h, did not show any re-growing of organisms. Petrographic analyses of the sampleswere carried out before and after the treatments; they showed that exposure to EMR did not cause structural alterations in the treated substrates. Moreover, the amplitude of the EMR that samples were exposed to was not high enough to cause any significant increase in the temperature of the substrates; that is, no thermal effect, which is the most relevant effect when matter or organisms containing water are exposed to EMR, was observed. Finally, the field strength of the EMR showed to be non-invasive for the artifacts and non-dangerous for operators and the environment as compared to other techniques adopted in the field of conservation of cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cennamo
- Facoltà di Lettere, Università Suor Orsola Benincasa di Napoli, Via Santa Caterina da Siena 37, 80135, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Pasquino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Guarino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Ed. L, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Morra
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Ed. L, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Caputo
- Dipartimento di Biologia and Orto Botanico di Napoli, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Moretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy
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26
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Bope A, Weir MH, Pruden A, Morowitz M, Mitchell J, Dannemiller KC. Translating research to policy at the NCSE 2017 symposium "Microbiology of the Built Environment: Implications for Health and Design". Microbiome 2018; 6:160. [PMID: 30219094 PMCID: PMC6138931 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we summarize a symposium entitled "Microbiology of the Built Environment: Implications for Health and Design" that was presented at the National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE) 17th National Conference and Global Forum in January 2017. We covered topics including indoor microbial exposures and childhood asthma, the influence of hospital design on neonatal development, the role of the microbiome in our premise (i.e., building) plumbing systems, antibiotic resistance, and quantitative microbial risk assessment. This symposium engaged the broader scientific and policy communities in a discussion to increase awareness of this critical research area and translate findings to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Bope
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mark H Weir
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Michael Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Jade Mitchell
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Karen C Dannemiller
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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27
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Luhung I, Wu Y, Xu S, Yamamoto N, Wei-Chung Chang V, Nazaroff WW. Exploring temporal patterns of bacterial and fungal DNA accumulation on a ventilation system filter for a Singapore university library. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200820. [PMID: 30020972 PMCID: PMC6051664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ventilation system filters process recirculated indoor air along with outdoor air. This function inspires the idea of using the filter as an indoor bioaerosol sampler. While promising, there remains a need to investigate several factors that could limit the accuracy of such a sampling approach. Among the important factors are the dynamics of microbial assemblages on filter surfaces over time and the differential influence of outdoor versus recirculated indoor air. Methods This study collected ventilation system filter samples from an air handling unit on a regular schedule over a 21-week period and analyzed the accumulation patterns of biological particles on the filter both quantitatively (using fluorometry and qPCR) and in terms of microbial diversity (using 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing). Results The quantitative result showed that total and bacterial DNA accumulated monotonically, rising to 41 ng/cm2 for total DNA and to 2.8 ng/cm2 for bacterial DNA over the 21-week period. The accumulation rate of bacterial DNA correlated with indoor occupancy level. Fungal DNA first rose to 4.0 ng/cm2 before showing a dip to 1.4 ng/cm2 between weeks 6 and 10. The dip indicated a possible artifact of this sampling approach for quantitative analysis as DNA may not be conserved on the filter over the months-long service period. The sequencing results indicate major contributions from outdoor air for fungi and from recirculated indoor air for bacteria. Despite the quantitative changes, the community structure of the microbial assemblages was stable throughout the 21-week sampling period, highlighting the robustness of this sampling method for microbial profiling. Conclusion This study supports the use of ventilation system filters as indoor bioaerosol samplers, but with caveats: 1) an outdoor reference is required to properly understand the contribution of outdoor bioaerosols; and 2) there is a need to better understand the persistence and durability of the targeted organisms on ventilation system filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvan Luhung
- SinBerBEST Program, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan Wu
- SinBerBEST Program, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Naomichi Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Victor Wei-Chung Chang
- SinBerBEST Program, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, Clayton, Australia
| | - William W. Nazaroff
- SinBerBEST Program, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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28
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Grengg C, Mittermayr F, Ukrainczyk N, Koraimann G, Kienesberger S, Dietzel M. Advances in concrete materials for sewer systems affected by microbial induced concrete corrosion: A review. Water Res 2018; 134:341-352. [PMID: 29453009 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial induced concrete corrosion (MICC) is recognized as one of the main degradation mechanisms of subsurface infrastructure worldwide, raising the demand for sustainable construction materials in corrosive environments. This review aims to summarize the key research progress acquired during the last decade regarding the understanding of MICC reaction mechanisms and the development of durable materials from an interdisciplinary perspective. Special focus was laid on aspects governing concrete - micoorganisms interaction since being the central process steering biogenic acid corrosion. The insufficient knowledge regarding the latter is proposed as a central reason for insufficient progress in tailored material development for aggressive wastewater systems. To date no cement-based material exists, suitable to withstand the aggressive conditions related to MICC over its entire service life. Research is in particular needed on the impact of physiochemical material parameters on microbial community structure, growth characteristics and limitations within individual concrete speciation. Herein an interdisciplinary approach is presented by combining results from material sciences, microbiology, mineralogy and hydrochemistry to stimulate the development of novel and sustainable materials and mitigation strategies for MICC. For instance, the application of antibacteriostatic agents is introduced as an effective instrument to limit microbial growth on concrete surfaces in aggressive sewer environments. Additionally, geopolymer concretes are introduced as highly resistent in acid environments, thus representing a possible green alternative to conventional cement-based construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Grengg
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Mittermayr
- Institute of Technology and Testing of Building Materials, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Neven Ukrainczyk
- Institute of Construction and Building Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Günther Koraimann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Dietzel
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
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29
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Chen YC, Yu KP, Shao WC, Tseng CH, Pan WC. Novel mold-resistant building materials impregnated with thermally reduced nano-silver. Indoor Air 2018; 28:276-286. [PMID: 29227564 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the long-term antifungal effectiveness of 3 types of interior building materials (gypsum board [GB], cement board [CB], and softwood plywood [S-PW]) impregnated with thermally reduced silver nanoparticles supported by titanium dioxide (AgNPs/TiO2 ) under 95% relative humidity for 4 weeks. AgNPs/TiO2 was synthesized at 2 thermal reduction temperatures (TRTs, 120 and 200°C) with 2 different AgNP weight percentages (2 and 5 wt%). Four different silver-loading levels (SLLs, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.5 μg/cm2 and the critical concentration required to inhibit fungal growth on agar plates) and 3 fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spinulosum, and Stachybotrys chartarum) were used in the experiments. Higher temperature reduced more ionic Ag+ to metallic Ag0 and increased the dispersion of Ag on TiO2 surface. The 200°C thermally reduced AgNPs/TiO2 demonstrated excellent antifungal efficiency: Mold growth was almost completely inhibited for 28 days at the low SLL of 0.5 μg/cm2 . Additionally, AgNPs/TiO2 exhibited higher antifungal activity on GB and CB than on S-PW. The stepwise regression results indicated that the TRT of AgNPs/TiO2 (β = -0.739 to -0.51), the SLL (β = -0.477 to -0.269), and the Ag0 level in the AgNPs (β = -0.379 to -0.136) were the major factors influencing antifungal activity and TRT might be the most significant one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-P Yu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-C Shao
- Department of Architecture, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-C Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Järvi K, Hyvärinen A, Täubel M, Karvonen AM, Turunen M, Jalkanen K, Patovirta R, Syrjänen T, Pirinen J, Salonen H, Nevalainen A, Pekkanen J. Microbial growth in building material samples and occupants' health in severely moisture-damaged homes. Indoor Air 2018; 28:287-297. [PMID: 29151276 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is no commonly approved approach to detect and quantify the health-relevant microbial exposure in moisture-damaged buildings. In 39 single-family homes with severe moisture damage, we studied whether concentrations of viable microbes in building material samples are associated with health among 71 adults and 68 children, and assessed with symptoms questionnaires, exhaled NO, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability. Symptoms were grouped into three scores: upper respiratory symptoms, lower respiratory symptoms, and general symptoms. The homes were divided into three groups based on viable counts of fungi, actinomycetes, and total bacteria cultivated from building material samples. Highest group of actinomycete counts was associated with more general symptoms, worse perceived health, and higher daily PEF variability (aOR 12.51; 1.10-141.90 as compared to the lowest group) among adults, and with an increase in lower respiratory symptoms in children, but the confidence intervals were wide. We observed significant associations of fungal counts and total microbial score with worse perceived health in adults. No associations with exhaled NO were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Järvi
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - A Hyvärinen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Täubel
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A M Karvonen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Turunen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Jalkanen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Patovirta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Syrjänen
- The Organisation for Respiratory Health in Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Pirinen
- The Organisation for Respiratory Health in Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Ministry of Environment, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Salonen
- School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - A Nevalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pekkanen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Maroni B, Lopez T, Neal C, Verver S, Puente C, Lauffer J, Garcia J, Groschel B, Dreyling E, Chaney WE, Bastin B, Bird P, Benzinger MJ, Agin J, Goins D, Hariram U, Chen Y, Ryser E, Brodsky M. Method Modification for the Atlas Listeria Environmental LE Detection Assay Using FoodChek Actero Listeria Enrichment Media and Half-Fraser Media for the Detection of Listeria spp. from Environmental Surfaces. J AOAC Int 2018; 101:562-576. [PMID: 28859699 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.17-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two candidate method modifications for the Atlas Listeria Environmental LE Detection Assay were compared with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 8.09 (MLG 8.09) method for detection of Listeria spp. on stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and sealed concrete surfaces. For LE candidate method 1, samples were enriched in FoodChek Actero Listeria Enrichment Media [ALEM; Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) 111201] at 35 ± 2°C for 18 to 24 h and evaluated for a range of analytical sample volumes. For LE candidate method 2, the current Roka PTM using 90 mL of Half-Fraser broth for enrichment at 35 ± 2°C was evaluated at 24 h with a reduced sample volume. These comparisons were made in multiple studies across the three environmental surfaces. Within each method and study, a total of 5 samples were uninoculated, 20 samples were inoculated with Listeria spp. at a low level to target fractional positivity, and 5 samples were inoculated with Listeria spp. at a high level to approach a probability of detection of 1. Inclusivity and exclusivity studies were also conducted for the LE method in combination with Half-Fraser and ALEM. The Atlas Listeria Environmental LE Detection Assay detected all 50 inclusive organisms, including 25 strains of L. monocytogenes and 5 strains of each of the other five common species of Listeria (L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, and L. grayi) and none of the 30 exclusive organisms across all media and with both 200 and 2000 µL sample volumes. For the LE candidate method 1 studies, no significant differences were observed within the Roka ALEM method at 18, 20, or 24 h and for both the 200 and 2000 µL sample volumes as compared with the paired culture outcome. However, the ALEM method performed significantly better as compared with the unpaired reference method for sealed concrete and stainless steel. For the LE candidate method 2 studies, no significant differences were observed within the Roka HF method at 24 h for the 200 and 2000 µL samples as compared with the paired culture outcomes and unpaired reference method outcomes across the surfaces. The independent laboratory studies observed no significant differences in performance between the USDA/MLG 8.09 reference method and candidate methods 1 or 2, respectively, across the evaluated parameters. Overall, the candidate method 1 modification parameters and candidate method 2 sample parameters for the Atlas Listeria Environmental LE Detection Assay were statistically equivalent to or better than the reference method for detection of Listeria spp. on stainless steel, PVC, and sealed concrete surfaces, providing greater flexibility in method application for end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Maroni
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Tucker Lopez
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Cambria Neal
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Sarah Verver
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Celina Puente
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Jannelle Lauffer
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Joseph Garcia
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - Erin Dreyling
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | - W Evan Chaney
- Submitting CompanyRoka Bioscience Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121Independent Laboratories
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Upasana Hariram
- Merieux NutriSciences, Silliker Food Science Center, Crete, IL
| | - Yi Chen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD
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32
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Seifan M, Sarmah AK, Ebrahiminezhad A, Ghasemi Y, Samani AK, Berenjian A. Bio-reinforced self-healing concrete using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2167-2178. [PMID: 29380030 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization has been reported as an efficient technique to address the bacterial vulnerability for application in bio self-healing concrete. In this study, for the first time, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are being practically employed as the protective vehicle for bacteria to evaluate the self-healing performance in concrete environment. Magnetic IONs were successfully synthesized and characterized using different techniques. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the efficient adsorption of nanoparticles to the Bacillus cells. Microscopic observation illustrates that the incorporation of the immobilized bacteria in the concrete matrix resulted in a significant crack healing behavior, while the control specimen had no healing characteristics. Analysis of bio-precipitates revealed that the induced minerals in the cracks were calcium carbonate. The effect of magnetic immobilized cells on the concrete water absorption showed that the concrete specimens supplemented with decorated bacteria with IONs had a higher resistance to water penetration. The initial and secondary water absorption rates in bio-concrete specimens were 26% and 22% lower than the control specimens. Due to the compatible behavior of IONs with the concrete compositions, the results of this study proved the potential application of IONs for developing a new generation of bio self-healing concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Ebrahiminezhad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, and Non-communicable Diseases Research Centre, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Khajeh Samani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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33
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Abstract
Three types of permeable pavements were monitored at the Edison Environmental Center in Edison, New Jersey, for indicator organisms such as fecal coliform, enterococci, and Escherichia coli. Results showed that porous asphalt had a much lower concentration in monitored infiltrate compared to pervious concrete and permeable interlocking concrete pavers; concentrations of monitored organisms in infiltrate from porous asphalt were consistently below the bathing water quality standard and actually had limited detection. Fecal coliform and enterococci exceeded bathing water quality standards more than 72 and 34% of the time for permeable interlocking concrete pavers and pervious concrete, respectively. Concentration reductions greater than 90% were observed for all three indicator organisms for porous asphalt and fecal coliform and E. coli for pervious concrete when compared to runoff values, while permeable interlocking concrete pavers only had a modest (39%) observable reduction for E. coli only. The near absence of indicator organisms observed in the porous asphalt infiltrate may be due to the high pH potentially due to asphalt processing. Neither rain intensity nor temperature was demonstrated to have an observable effect in both concentrations of organisms and performance of permeable pavement; but this may due to the limitations of the dataset consisting of 16 events over an 8-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariamalar Selvakumar
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2890 Woodbridge Avenue, Edison, NJ 08837;
| | - Thomas P. O’Connor
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2890 Woodbridge Avenue, Edison, NJ 08837;
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Vázquez-Nion D, Silva B, Prieto B. Influence of the properties of granitic rocks on their bioreceptivity to subaerial phototrophic biofilms. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:44-54. [PMID: 28802109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As any stone substrate is susceptible to biological colonisation, the choice of lithotype used for construction is a key strategy for preventing biodeterioration. For this purpose, a comprehensive evaluation of the primary bioreceptivity to phototrophic biofilms of eleven varieties of granitic rocks, commonly used as building material, was carried out. Blocks were inoculated with a multi-species phototrophic culture and subjected to standardised growth conditions for three months. Biofilm formation was assessed by chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence, colour measurements and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) quantification. Relationships between the biofilm growth indicators and the properties of the different rocks studied were then analysed. Results showed that the bioreceptivity of the granites is more strongly affected by the physical characteristics of the stones than by their chemical and mineralogical properties, possibly because of the similar composition of the rocks studied. Growth of phototrophic biofilms was enhanced by high open porosity, capillary water content and surface roughness, and the bioreceptivity of weathered granites was higher than that of sound granites. The results obtained can therefore help in the selection of appropriate lithotypes for building purposes. The amounts of EPS produced by subaerial biofilms primarily depended on the requirements and/or characteristics of the biofilm-forming microorganisms, rather than on the bioreceptivity of the substratum, and microorganisms produce the amounts of EPS required at the initial stage of establishment on the stone surface, independently of the subsequent biomass development. These findings are especially important from the point of view of biodeterioration, in which the EPS matrix plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez-Nion
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Benita Silva
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Prieto
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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35
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Jayaprakash B, Adams RI, Kirjavainen P, Karvonen A, Vepsäläinen A, Valkonen M, Järvi K, Sulyok M, Pekkanen J, Hyvärinen A, Täubel M. Indoor microbiota in severely moisture damaged homes and the impact of interventions. Microbiome 2017; 5:138. [PMID: 29029638 PMCID: PMC5640920 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited understanding of microbial characteristics in moisture-damaged buildings impedes efforts to clarify which adverse health effects in the occupants are associated with the damage and to develop effective building intervention strategies. The objectives of this current study were (i) to characterize fungal and bacterial microbiota in house dust of severely moisture-damaged residences, (ii) to identify microbial taxa associated with moisture damage renovations, and (iii) to test whether the associations between the identified taxa and moisture damage are replicable in another cohort of homes. We applied bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing complemented with quantitative PCR and chemical-analytical approaches to samples of house dust, and also performed traditional cultivation of bacteria and fungi from building material samples. RESULTS Active microbial growth on building materials had significant though small influence on the house dust bacterial and fungal communities. Moisture damage interventions-including actual renovation of damaged homes and cases where families moved to another home-had only a subtle effect on bacterial community structure, seen as shifts in abundance weighted bacterial profiles after intervention. While bacterial and fungal species richness were reduced in homes that were renovated, they were not reduced for families that moved houses. Using different discriminant analysis tools, we were able identify taxa that were significantly reduced in relative abundance during renovation of moisture damage. For bacteria, the majority of candidates belonged to different families within the Actinomycetales order. Results for fungi were overall less consistent. A replication study in approximately 400 homes highlighted some of the identified taxa, confirming associations with observations of moisture damage and mold. CONCLUSIONS The present study is one of the first studies to analyze changes in microbiota due to moisture damage interventions using high-throughput sequencing. Our results suggest that effects of moisture damage and moisture damage interventions may appear as changes in the abundance of individual, less common, and especially bacterial taxa, rather than in overall community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel I. Adams
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California USA
| | - Pirkka Kirjavainen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Karvonen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asko Vepsäläinen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Valkonen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Järvi
- School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, (BOKU), Vienna, Tulln Austria
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Cayford BI, Jiang G, Keller J, Tyson G, Bond PL. Comparison of microbial communities across sections of a corroding sewer pipe and the effects of wastewater flooding. Biofouling 2017; 33:780-792. [PMID: 28956470 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1369050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the variation in microbially induced concrete corrosion communities at different circumferential locations of a real sewer pipe and the effects of a wastewater flooding event on the community. Three distinct microbial community groups were found in different corrosion samples. The physico-chemical properties of the corrosion layers and the microbial communities were distinct for the cross-sectional positions within the pipe, ie ceiling, wall and tidal zones. The microbial communities detected from the same positions in the pipe were consistent over the length of the pipe, as well as being consistent between the replicate pipes. The dominating ceiling communities were members of the bacterial orders Rhodospirillales, Acidithiobacillales, Actinomycetales, Xanthomonadales and Acidobacteriales. The wall communities were composed of members of the Xanthomonadales, Hydrogenophilales, Chromatiales and Sphingobacteriales. The tidal zones were dominated by eight bacterial and one archaeal order, with the common physiological trait of anaerobic metabolism. Sewage flooding within the sewer system did not change the tidal and wall communities, although the corrosion communities in ceiling samples were notably different, becoming more similar to the wall and tidal samples. This suggests that sewage flooding has a significant impact on the corrosion community in sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry I Cayford
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Jurg Keller
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Gene Tyson
- b Australian Centre for Ecogenomics , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
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Rand TG, Chang CT, McMullin DR, Miller JD. Inflammation-associated gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by toxins from fungi common on damp building materials. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:16-20. [PMID: 28535995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most fungi that grow on damp building materials produce low molecular weight compounds, some of which are known to be toxic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to some metabolites of fungi common on damp building materials would result in time-, dose-, and compound-specific responses in the production of various chemokines by RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cultures were exposed to a 10-7M or 10-8M metabolite dose for 2, 4, 8 or 24h. Metabolite concentrations used were based on those that might be expected in alveolar macrophages due to inhalation exposure from living or working in a damp building. Compared to controls, exposure provoked significant time-, dose- and compound-specific responses manifest as differentially elevated secretion of three of nine cytokines tested in culture supernatant of treated cells. The greatest number of cytokines produced in response to the metabolites tested were in andrastin A-treated cells (GM-CSF, TGFβ1, Tnf-α) followed by koninginin A (TGFβ1 and Tnf-α) and phomenone (GM-CSF, TGFβ1). Chaetoglobosin A, chaetomugilin D and walleminone exposures each resulted in significant time-specific production of Tnf-α only. This investigation adds to a body of evidence supporting the role of low molecular weight compounds from damp building materials as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Along with fungal glucan and chitin, these compounds contribute to the non-allergy based respiratory outcomes for people living and working in damp buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Rand
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Carolyn T Chang
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - David R McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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38
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Odić D, Prah J, Avguštin G. Identification of bacterial contaminants from calcium carbonate filler production lines and an evaluation of biocide based decontamination procedures. Biofouling 2017; 33:327-335. [PMID: 28402176 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1310848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial community in the production line of a calcium carbonate filler production company and to investigate possible causes for bacterial presence. Throughout 2012, 24 carbonate slurry and six groundwater samples were analyzed. Pseudomonas and Microbacterium were the most frequent contaminants in the slurry, whereas Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas dominated the groundwater samples. Of the 43 different bacterial strains isolated, only five were found both in the slurry and the groundwater, indicating that the latter was not a major source of contamination. The efficacy of 54 commercial biocidal formulations was tested against an artificial bacterial consortium composed of selected slurry isolates. A formulation containing 7.5-15% (v v-1) bronopol and 1.0-2.5% (v v-1) [chloroisothiazolinone (CIT) + methylisothiazolinone (MIT)] exhibited the highest efficacy. Of the possible causes for bacterial presence, sporogenesis and biocide adsorption to carbonate particles were found to be less probable compared to bacterial adsorption to particles, and the acquisition of resistance to biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duško Odić
- a Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Zootechnical Department, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Domžale , Slovenia
| | - Jana Prah
- a Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Zootechnical Department, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Domžale , Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Avguštin
- a Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Zootechnical Department, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Domžale , Slovenia
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39
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Gaylarde C, Baptista-Neto JA, Ogawa A, Kowalski M, Celikkol-Aydin S, Beech I. Epilithic and endolithic microorganisms and deterioration on stone church facades subject to urban pollution in a sub-tropical climate. Biofouling 2017; 33:113-127. [PMID: 28054493 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1269893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Weathering of two church facades in Rio de Janeiro was caused substantially by salts, mainly halite and gypsum, detected by SEM and chemical analyses, which cause physical stresses by deposition within the rock. Biofilm populations, determined by SEM and as operational taxonomic units (OTUs), degraded stone by penetration, solubilization and redeposition of minerals on their surfaces. Endolithic cyanobacteria were associated with gypsum deposits. Microbiomes were typical for high-stress environments, high salt, intense insolation, low water and low nutrients (eg halophilic Rubrobacter, Salinicola, Sterigmatomyces). The main colonizers on the church most affected by traffic (Nossa Senhora da Candelária - CA) were Actinobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria (chiefly Pseudomonas) were predominant on the site situated in a leafy square (São Francisco de Paula - SF). Major Gammaproteobacteria on CA were halophilic Halomonas and Rhodobacteriaceae. Fungal OTUs on both churches were principally dimorphic, yeast-like basidiomycetes. Many OTUs of thermophilic microorganisms (eg the Thermomicrobia class, Chloroflexi) were present. This is the first use of next generation sequencing (NGS) to study microbial biofilm interactions with metamorphic and granite buildings in an intensely urban, sub-tropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gaylarde
- a Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , OK , USA
| | | | - Akiko Ogawa
- a Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , OK , USA
| | - Matthew Kowalski
- a Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , OK , USA
| | - Sukriye Celikkol-Aydin
- a Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , OK , USA
| | - Iwona Beech
- a Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , OK , USA
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40
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Došen I, Nielsen KF, Clausen G, Andersen B. Potentially harmful secondary metabolites produced by indoor Chaetomium species on artificially and naturally contaminated building materials. Indoor Air 2017; 27:34-46. [PMID: 26880675 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the fungal genus Chaetomium and its secondary metabolites in indoor environments is suspected to have a negative impact on human health and well-being. About 200 metabolites have been currently described from Chaetomium spp., but only the bioactive compound group, chaetoglobosins, have been screened for and thus detected in buildings. In this study, we used a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry approach to screen both artificially and naturally infected building materials for all the Chaetomium metabolites described in the literature. Pure agar cultures were also investigated to establish differences between metabolite production in vitro and on building materials as well as in comparison with non-indoor reference strains. On building materials, six different chaetoglobosins were detected in total concentrations of up to 950 mg/m2 from Chaetomium globosum along with three different chaetoviridins/chaetomugilins in concentrations up to 200 mg/m2 . Indoor Chaetomium spp. preferred wood-based materials over gypsum, both in terms of growth rate and metabolite production. Cochliodones were detected for the first time on all building materials infected by both C. globosum and Chaetomium elatum and are thus candidates as Chaetomium biomarkers. No sterigmatocystin was produced by Chaetomium spp. from indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Došen
- Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K F Nielsen
- Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - G Clausen
- Department of Civil Engineering, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B Andersen
- Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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41
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Park JH, Cox-Ganser JM, White SK, Laney AS, Caulfield SM, Turner WA, Sumner AD, Kreiss K. Bacteria in a water-damaged building: associations of actinomycetes and non-tuberculous mycobacteria with respiratory health in occupants. Indoor Air 2017; 27:24-33. [PMID: 26717439 PMCID: PMC5035226 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined microbial correlates of health outcomes in building occupants with a sarcoidosis cluster and excess asthma. We offered employees a questionnaire and pulmonary function testing and collected floor dust and liquid/sludge from drain tubing traps of heat pumps that were analyzed for various microbial agents. Forty-nine percent of participants reported any symptom reflecting possible granulomatous disease (shortness of breath on exertion, flu-like achiness, or fever and chills) weekly in the last 4 weeks. In multivariate regressions, thermophilic actinomycetes (median = 529 CFU/m2 ) in dust were associated with FEV1 /FVC [coefficient = -2.8 per interquartile range change, P = 0.02], percent predicted FEF25-75% (coefficient = -12.9, P = 0.01), and any granulomatous disease-like symptom [odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-6.73]. Mycobacteria (median = 658 CFU/m2 ) were positively associated with asthma symptoms (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.97-2.43). Composite score (median = 11.5) of total bacteria from heat pumps was negatively associated with asthma (0.8, 0.71-1.00) and positively associated with FEV1 /FVC (coefficient = 0.44, P = 0.095). Endotoxin (median score = 12.0) was negatively associated with two or more granulomatous disease-like symptoms (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.67-0.98) and asthma (0.8, 0.67-0.96). Fungi or (1→3)-β-D-glucan in dust or heat pump traps was not associated with any health outcomes. Thermophilic actinomycetes and non-tuberculous mycobacteria may have played a role in the occupants' respiratory outcomes in this water-damaged building.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Park
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J M Cox-Ganser
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - S K White
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - A S Laney
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S M Caulfield
- Turner Building Science & Design, LLC, Harrison, ME, USA
| | - W A Turner
- Turner Building Science & Design, LLC, Harrison, ME, USA
| | - A D Sumner
- Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
- University of Vermont Health Network Occupational Medicine, Berlin, VT, USA
| | - K Kreiss
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Vázquez-Nion D, Silva B, Troiano F, Prieto B. Laboratory grown subaerial biofilms on granite: application to the study of bioreceptivity. Biofouling 2017; 33:24-35. [PMID: 27911078 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1261120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Simulated environmental colonisation of granite was induced under laboratory conditions in order to develop an experimental protocol for studying bioreceptivity. The experimental set-up proved suitable for producing subaerial biofilms by inoculating granite blocks with planktonic multi-species phototrophic cultures derived from natural biofilms. The ability of four different cultures to form biofilms was monitored over a three-month growth period via colour measurements, quantification of photosynthetic pigments and EPS, and CLSM observations. One of the cultures under study, which comprised several taxa including Bryophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria, was particularly suitable as an inoculum, mainly because of its microbial richness, its rapid adaptability to the substratum and its high colonisation capacity. The use of this culture as an inoculum in the proposed experimental set-up to produce subaerial biofilms under laboratory conditions will contribute to standardising the protocols involved, thus enabling more objective assessment of the bioreceptivity of granite in further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez-Nion
- a Facultade de Farmacia, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Benita Silva
- a Facultade de Farmacia, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Federica Troiano
- b Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Beatriz Prieto
- a Facultade de Farmacia, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Andersen B, Dosen I, Lewinska AM, Nielsen KF. Pre-contamination of new gypsum wallboard with potentially harmful fungal species. Indoor Air 2017; 27:6-12. [PMID: 26970063 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gypsum wallboard is a popular building material, but is also very frequently overgrown by Stachybotrys chartarum after severe and/or undetected water damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Stachybotrys and other fungi frequently isolated from wet gypsum wallboard are already present in the panels directly from the factory. Surface-disinfected gypsum disks were wetted with sterile water, sealed, and incubated for 70 days. The results showed that Neosartorya hiratsukae (≡ Aspergillus hiratsukae) was the most dominant fungus on the gypsum wallboard followed by Chaetomium globosum and Stachybotrys chartarum. Our results suggest that these three fungal species are already embedded in the materials, presumably in the paper/carton layer surrounding the gypsum core, before the panels reach the retailers/building site.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andersen
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - I Dosen
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A M Lewinska
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K F Nielsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Pysmenna YB, Kurchenko IM, Subbota AG. [Antagonistic Properties of Microscopic Fungi Isolated from Plasterboard]. Mikrobiol Z 2016; 78:99-105. [PMID: 30141873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to study the antagonistic interactions between microscopic fungi that often contaminate plasterboard, and test cultures which recommended determining the fungus resistance. METHODS Determination of interactions between test-cultures and strains isolated from plasterboard was carried out by agar block method. RESULTS The isolated from plasterboard Alternaria infectoria F-41218 E.G. Simmons, Aspergillus favipes F-41213 (Bain. & Sart.) Thom & Church, Chaetomium globosum F-41224 Kunze ex Fr., Stachybotrys chartarum F-41215 (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes strains inhibited the growth of test-cultures, recommended for study fungal resistance. Antagonistic activity of isolated from plasterboard fungi against the test-cultures increased in order Alternaria infectoria F-41218 < Aspergillus favipes F-41213 < Stachybotrys chartarum F-41215 < Chaetomium globosum F-41224. It was shown that the increase of antagonistic activity of isolated from plasterboard cultures and changing of interaction categories to complete inhibition of test-culture growth on medium with plasterboard. CONCLUSION Thus, C. globosum F-41224 isolated from plasterboard was the strongest antagonist, as evidenced by the prevalence of inhibition, fungistatical and fungicidal effects against the test-cultures.
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45
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Vázquez-Nion D, Rodríguez-Castro J, López-Rodríguez MC, Fernández-Silva I, Prieto B. Subaerial biofilms on granitic historic buildings: microbial diversity and development of phototrophic multi-species cultures. Biofouling 2016; 32:657-669. [PMID: 27192622 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1183121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities of natural subaerial biofilms developed on granitic historic buildings of a World Heritage Site (Santiago de Compostela, NW Spain) were characterized and cultured in liquid BG11 medium. Environmental barcoding through next-generation sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) revealed that the biofilms were mainly composed of species of Chlorophyta (green algae) and Ascomycota (fungi) commonly associated with rock substrata. Richness and diversity were higher for the fungal than for the algal assemblages and fungi showed higher heterogeneity among samples. Cultures derived from natural biofilms showed the establishment of stable microbial communities mainly composed of Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. Although most taxa found in these cultures were not common in the original biofilms, they are likely common pioneer colonizers of building stone surfaces, including granite. Stable phototrophic multi-species cultures of known microbial diversity were thus obtained and their reliability to emulate natural colonization on granite should be confirmed in further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vázquez-Nion
- a Facultade de Farmacia, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Castro
- b Departamento de Bioquímica e Bioloxía Molecular , Centro de Investigacións Biolóxicas (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - M C López-Rodríguez
- c Facultade de Bioloxía, Departamento de Botánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - I Fernández-Silva
- d Section of Ichthyology , California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - B Prieto
- a Facultade de Farmacia, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Morillas H, Maguregui M, García-Florentino C, Carrero JA, Salcedo I, Madariaga JM. The cauliflower-like black crusts on sandstones: A natural passive sampler to evaluate the surrounding environmental pollution. Environ Res 2016; 147:218-232. [PMID: 26897060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Black crust in buildings can be formed as a result of different kind of chemical and physical reactions between the stone surface and environmental factors (e.g. acid aerosols emitted to the atmosphere, airborne particulate matter, etc.). Moreover, biological colonizations can also be present on them. This kind of pathology is widely present in limestones, but fewer are the case study dealing with the characterization of black crusts on sandstones. In this work we present an innovative methodology based on the use of cauliflower-like black crusts formed on sandstone material as natural passive sampler to evaluate the environmental pollution related with the emission of natural (crustal particles and marine aerosol particles) and metallic elements in the airborne particulate matter from the surrounding atmosphere. To illustrate its usefulness, different cauliflower-like black crusts growing in areas protected from the rain growing in an historical construction, La Galea Fortress, made up of sandstone and placed in the Abra Bay (Getxo, Basque Country, Spain) were characterized. This area suffers the anthropogenic emissions coming from the surrounding industry, traffic, sea port, and the natural ones coming from the surrounding marine atmosphere. The applied analytical methodology began with a previous elemental in situ screening in order to evaluate and compare the presence of the metals trapped in black crusts from different orientations using a hand-held energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer. After this preliminary study, samples of black crusts were taken in order to characterize them in the laboratory using molecular techniques (Raman spectroscopy and XRD) and elemental techniques (ICP-MS, SEM-EDS and micro energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence). With the last two elemental techniques, imaging analyses were performed at different lateral resolutions in order to observe the distribution of the metals and other kind of particles trapped in the black crust samples. Additionally, a biological colonization found beneath the black crusts was also characterized using Phase Contrast microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Morillas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Maite Maguregui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 450, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Florentino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Isabel Salcedo
- Department of Plant Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Mensah-Attipoe J, Saari S, Veijalainen AM, Pasanen P, Keskinen J, Leskinen JTT, Reponen T. Release and characteristics of fungal fragments in various conditions. Sci Total Environ 2016; 547:234-243. [PMID: 26789361 PMCID: PMC6705605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intact spores and submicrometer size fragments are released from moldy building materials during growth and sporulation. It is unclear whether all fragments originate from fungal growth or if small pieces of building materials are also aerosolized as a result of microbial decomposition. In addition, particles may be formed through nucleation from secondary metabolites of fungi, such as microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). In this study, we used the elemental composition of particles to characterize the origin of submicrometer fragments released from materials contaminated by fungi. Particles from three fungal species (Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium brevicompactum), grown on agar, wood and gypsum board were aerosolized using the Fungal Spore Source Strength Tester (FSSST) at three air velocities (5, 16 and 27 m/s). Released spores (optical size, dp ≥ 0.8 μm) and fragments (dp ≤ 0.8 μm) were counted using direct-reading optical aerosol instruments. Particles were also collected on filters, and their morphology and elemental composition analyzed using scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) coupled with an Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Among the studied factors, air velocity resulted in the most consistent trends in the release of fungal particles. Total concentrations of both fragments and spores increased with an increase in air velocity for all species whereas fragment-spore (F/S) ratios decreased. EDX analysis showed common elements, such as C, O, Mg and Ca, for blank material samples and fungal growth. However, N and P were exclusive to the fungal growth, and therefore were used to differentiate biological fragments from non-biological ones. Our results indicated that majority of fragments contained N and P. Because we observed increased release of fragments with increased air velocities, nucleation of MVOCs was likely not a relevant process in the formation of fungal fragments. Based on elemental composition, most fragments originated from fungi, but also fragments from growth material were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mensah-Attipoe
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1D, P. O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sampo Saari
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Veijalainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1D, P. O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pertti Pasanen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1D, P. O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Keskinen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari T T Leskinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, P. O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1D, P. O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA.
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Adamiak J, Otlewska A, Gutarowska B, Pietrzak A. Halophilic microorganisms in deteriorated historic buildings: insights into their characteristics. Acta Biochim Pol 2016; 63:335-41. [PMID: 26894235 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Historic buildings are constantly being exposed to numerous climatic changes such as damp and rainwater. Water migration into and out of the material's pores can lead to salt precipitation and the so-called efflorescence. The structure of the material may be seriously threatened by salt crystallization. A huge pressure is produced when salt hydrates occupy larger spaces, which leads at the end to cracking, detachment and material loss. Halophilic microorganisms have the ability to adapt to high salinity because of the mechanisms of inorganic salt (KCl or NaCl) accumulation in their cells at concentrations isotonic to the environment, or compatible solutes uptake or synthesis. In this study, we focused our attention on the determination of optimal growth conditions of halophilic microorganisms isolated from historical buildings in terms of salinity, pH and temperature ranges, as well as biochemical properties and antagonistic abilities. Halophilic microorganisms studied in this paper could be categorized as a halotolerant group, as they grow in the absence of NaCl, as well as tolerate higher salt concentrations (Staphylococcus succinus, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans). Halophilic microorganisms have been also observed (Halobacillus styriensis, H. hunanensis, H. naozhouensis, H. litoralis, Marinococcus halophilus and yeast Sterigmatomyces halophilus). With respect to their physiological characteristics, cultivation at a temperature of 25-30°C, pH 6-7, NaCl concentration for halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms, 0-10% and 15-30%, respectively, provides the most convenient conditions. Halophiles described in this study displayed lipolytic, glycolytic and proteolytic activities. Staphylococcus succinus and Marinococcus halophilus showed strong antagonistic potential towards bacteria from the Bacillus genus, while Halobacillus litoralis displayed an inhibiting ability against other halophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Adamiak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Otlewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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49
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Otlewska A, Gutarowska B. Environmental parameters conditioning microbially induced mineralization under the experimental model conditions. Acta Biochim Pol 2016; 63:343-51. [PMID: 26894236 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation is one of the biomineralization types closely dependent on the parameters of the microenvironment. Minerals are precipitated as a product of environmental and bacterial cell interactions, however, this system has very little control via microorganisms. The aim of research was to determine the influence of abiotic factors (pH, temperature, agitation speed of bacterial culture and calcium ion source) on the mineralization induced by Arthrobacter sulfureus, Bacillus muralis and B. atrophaeus strains under the standard laboratory conditions. Because of the key role of urease in biomineralization, processes occurring in environments with and without the urea were compared. For this purpose, cultivation of bacteria (A. sulfureus, B. muralis and B. atrophaeus) was carried out in B4 liquid medium for 5 days with various environmental parameters (pH 6-9; temperature 25-44°C; speed of agitation 0-180 rpm, different calcium sources). It was noticed that the pH and the speed of agitation clearly affect the amount of the calcium carbonate that formed. Our observations suggest that the highest precipitation rate takes place in alkaline pH between 8-9, with shaking at 180 rpms. Among studied sources of calcium ions (calcium acetate, calcium chloride and calcium nitrate), calcium acetate demonstrated the strongest potential in the biomineralization process. Moreover, work presented here demonstrates that the correlation between cultivation temperature and biomineralization process cannot be clearly evaluated. The morphology and size of calcium carbonate minerals was strain-specific, although affected by the presence of urea in the surrounding solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Otlewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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50
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Cheng L, House MW, Weiss WJ, Banks MK. Monitoring sulfide-oxidizing biofilm activity on cement surfaces using non-invasive self-referencing microsensors. Water Res 2016; 89:321-329. [PMID: 26707733 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in concrete results in significant cost for infrastructure maintenance. Prior studies have employed molecular techniques to identify microbial community species in corroded concrete, but failed to explore bacterial activity and functionality during deterioration. In this study, biofilms of different sulfur-oxidizing bacteria compositions were developed on the surface of cement paste samples to simulate the natural ecological succession of microbial communities during MIC processes. Noninvasive, self-referencing (SR) microsensors were used to quantify real time changes of oxygen, hydrogen ion and calcium ion flux for the biofilm to provide more information about bacterial behavior during deterioration. Results showed higher transport rates in oxygen consumption, and hydrogen ion at 4 weeks than 2 weeks, indicating increased bacterial activity over time. Samples with five species biofilm had the highest hydrogen ion and calcium ion transport rates, confirming attribution of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (ASOM). Differences in transport rates between three species samples and two species samples confirmed the diversity between Thiomonas intermedia and Starkeya novella. The limitations of SR sensors in corrosion application could be improved in future studies when combined with molecular techniques to identify the roles of major bacterial species in the deterioration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Cheng
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
| | - Mitch W House
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - W Jason Weiss
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Physiological Sensing Facility, Discovery Park, Purdue University, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2057, USA
| | - M Katherine Banks
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
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