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Nakamura S, Kinoshita A, Koga H, Tsukaya H. Expression analyses of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS in the one-leaf plant Monophyllaea glabra reveal neoteny evolution of shoot meristem. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11148. [PMID: 38750143 PMCID: PMC11096313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The one-leaf plant Monophyllaea glabra exhibits a unique developmental manner in which only one cotyledon continues growing without producing new vegetative organs. This morphology is formed by specific meristems, the groove meristem (GM) and the basal meristem (BM), which are thought to be modified shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf meristem. In this study, we analysed the expression of the organ boundary gene CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) and the SAM maintenance gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) orthologs by whole-mount in situ hybridisation. We found that CUCs did not show clear border patterns around GM and BM during the vegetative phase. Furthermore, double-colour detection analysis at the cellular level revealed that CUC and STM expression overlapped in the GM region during the vegetative phase. We also found that this overlap is dissolved in the reproductive phase when normal shoot organogenesis is observed. Since co-expression of these genes occurs during SAM initiation under embryogenesis in Arabidopsis, our results demonstrate that GM is a prolonged stage of pre-mature SAM. Therefore, we propose that neotenic meristems could be a novel plant trait acquired by one-leaf plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang D, Du J, Wang Y, Shao C, Cui C, Xiao J, Wang X. Crucial role of SWL1 in chloroplast biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:135. [PMID: 38704787 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The disruption of the SWL1 gene leads to a significant down regulation of chloroplast and secondary metabolites gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. And finally results in a dysfunction of chloroplast and plant growth. Although the development of the chloroplast has been a consistent focus of research, the corresponding regulatory mechanisms remain unidentified. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to mutate the SWL1 gene, resulting in albino cotyledons and variegated true leaf phenotype. Confocal microscopy and western blot of chloroplast protein fractions revealed that SWL1 localized in the chloroplast stroma. Electron microscopy indicated chloroplasts in the cotyledons of swl1 lack well-defined grana and internal membrane structures, and similar structures have been detected in the albino region of variegated true leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that down regulation of chloroplast and nuclear gene expression related to chloroplast, including light harvesting complexes, porphyrin, chlorophyll metabolism and carbon metabolism in the swl1 compared to wild-type plant. In addition, proteomic analysis combined with western blot analysis, showed that a significant decrease in chloroplast proteins of swl1. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with secondary metabolites and growth hormones was also reduced, which may be attributed to SWL1 associated with absorption and fixation of inorganic carbon during chloroplast development. Together, the above findings provide valuable information to elucidate the exact function of SWL1 in chloroplast biogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Chunxue Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
- SENO Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
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Song H, Xin J, Yang D, Dong G, Deng X, Liu J, Zhang M, Chen L, Su Y, Yang H, Yang M, Sun H. NnSUS1 encodes a sucrose synthase involved in sugar accumulation in lotus seed cotyledons. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 210:108591. [PMID: 38583314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fresh lotus seeds are gaining favor with consumers for their crunchy texture and natural sweetness. However, the intricacies of sugar accumulation in lotus seeds remain elusive, which greatly hinders the quality improvement of fresh lotus seeds. This study endeavors to elucidate this mechanism by identifying and characterizing the sucrose synthase (SUS) gene family in lotus. Comprising five distinct members, namely NnSUS1 to NnSUS5, each gene within this family features a C-terminal glycosyl transferase1 (GT1) domain. Among them, NnSUS1 is the predominately expressed gene, showing high transcript abundance in the floral organs and cotyledons. NnSUS1 was continuously up-regulated from 6 to 18 days after pollination (DAP) in lotus cotyledons. Furthermore, NnSUS1 demonstrates co-expression relationships with numerous genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. To investigate the function of NnSUS1, a transient overexpression system was established in lotus cotyledons, which confirmed the gene's contribution to sugar accumulation. Specifically, transient overexpression of NnSUS1 in seed cotyledons leads to a significant increase in the levels of total soluble sugar, including sucrose and fructose. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for improving sugar content in lotus seeds through molecular breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Song
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jia Xin
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Gangqiang Dong
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Centre, Wuxi, 214145, China.
| | - Xianbao Deng
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Yanyan Su
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Centre, Wuxi, 214145, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Heng Sun
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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4
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Chen J, Yang L, Zhang H, Ruan J, Wang Y. Role of sugars in the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:131. [PMID: 38656568 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The sugar supply in the medium affects the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. In addition, we provided the mechanism insights of this process. Dicotyledonous plants form an apical hook structure to shield their young cotyledons from mechanical damage as they emerge from the rough soil. Our findings indicate that sugar molecules, such as sucrose and glucose, are crucial for apical hook development. The presence of sucrose and glucose allows the apical hooks to be maintained for a longer period compared to those grown in sugar-free conditions, and this effect is dose-dependent. Key roles in apical hook development are played by several sugar metabolism pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. RNA-seq data revealed an up-regulation of genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism in plants grown in sugar-free conditions, while genes associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism were down-regulated. This study underscores the significant role of sugar metabolism in the apical hook development of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hehua Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Junbin Ruan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Tao B, Ma Y, Wang L, He C, Chen J, Ge X, Zhao L, Wen J, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Shen J. Developmental pleiotropy of SDP1 from seedling to mature stages in B. napus. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:49. [PMID: 38642182 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Rapeseed, an important oil crop, relies on robust seedling emergence for optimal yields. Seedling emergence in the field is vulnerable to various factors, among which inadequate self-supply of energy is crucial to limiting seedling growth in early stage. SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) initiates triacylglycerol (TAG) degradation, yet its detailed function has not been determined in B. napus. Here, we focused on the effects of plant growth during whole growth stages and energy mobilization during seedling establishment by mutation in BnSDP1. Protein sequence alignment and haplotypic analysis revealed the conservation of SDP1 among species, with a favorable haplotype enhancing oil content. Investigation of agronomic traits indicated bnsdp1 had a minor impact on vegetative growth and no obvious developmental defects when compared with wild type (WT) across growth stages. The seed oil content was improved by 2.0-2.37% in bnsdp1 lines, with slight reductions in silique length and seed number per silique. Furthermore, bnsdp1 resulted in lower seedling emergence, characterized by a shrunken hypocotyl and poor photosynthetic capacity in the early stages. Additionally, impaired seedling growth, especially in yellow seedlings, was not fully rescued in medium supplemented with exogenous sucrose. The limited lipid turnover in bnsdp1 was accompanied by induced amino acid degradation and PPDK-dependent gluconeogenesis pathway. Analysis of the metabolites in cotyledons revealed active amino acid metabolism and suppressed lipid degradation, consistent with the RNA-seq results. Finally, we proposed strategies for applying BnSDP1 in molecular breeding. Our study provides theoretical guidance for understanding trade-off between oil accumulation and seedling energy mobilization in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Tao
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yina Ma
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao He
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Zhou P, Liu Y, Yang M, Yan H. Genome-Wide Association Study Uncovers Genomic Regions Associated with Coleoptile Length in a Worldwide Collection of Oat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:411. [PMID: 38674348 PMCID: PMC11049438 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of coleoptile is crucial for determining the sowing depth of oats in low-precipitation regions, which is significant for oat breeding programs. In this study, a diverse panel of 243 oat accessions was used to explore coleoptile length in two independent experiments. The panel exhibited significant variation in coleoptile length, ranging from 4.66 to 8.76 cm. Accessions from Africa, America, and the Mediterranean region displayed longer coleoptile lengths than those from Asia and Europe. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 26,196 SNPs identified 34 SNPs, representing 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with coleoptile length. Among these QTLs, six were consistently detected in both experiments, explaining 6.43% to 10.07% of the phenotypic variation. The favorable alleles at these stable loci additively increased coleoptile length, offering insights for pyramid breeding. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the 350 candidate genes underlying the six stable QTLs revealed significant enrichment in cell development-related processes. Several phytochrome-related genes, including auxin transporter-like protein 1 and cytochrome P450 proteins, were found within these QTLs. Further validation of these loci will enhance our understanding of coleoptile length regulation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of coleoptile length in oats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Honghai Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (P.Z.)
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7
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Qiao J, Quan R, Wang J, Li Y, Xiao D, Zhao Z, Huang R, Qin H. OsEIL1 and OsEIL2, two master regulators of rice ethylene signaling, promote the expression of ROS scavenging genes to facilitate coleoptile elongation and seedling emergence from soil. Plant Commun 2024; 5:100771. [PMID: 37994014 PMCID: PMC10943563 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful emergence from the soil is a prerequisite for survival of germinating seeds in their natural environment. In rice, coleoptile elongation facilitates seedling emergence and establishment, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes cell elongation and inhibits cell expansion in rice coleoptiles, resulting in longer and thinner coleoptiles that facilitate seedlings emergence from the soil. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are upregulated and genes involved in ROS scavenging are downregulated in the coleoptiles of ethylene-signaling mutants. Further investigations showed that soil coverage promotes accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) and OsEIL2 in the upper region of the coleoptile, and both OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 can bind directly to the promoters of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (VTC1) gene OsVTC1-3 and the peroxidase (PRX) genes OsPRX37, OsPRX81, OsPRX82, and OsPRX88 to activate their expression. This leads to increased ascorbic acid content, greater peroxidase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in the upper region of the coleoptile. Disruption of ROS accumulation promotes coleoptile growth and seedling emergence from soil. These findings deepen our understanding of the roles of ethylene and ROS in controlling coleoptile growth, and this information can be used by breeders to produce rice varieties suitable for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Qiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dinglin Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
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Gao S, Su Z, Ma J, Ma J, Liu C, Li H, Zheng Z. Identification of a novel and plant height-independent QTL for coleoptile length in barley and validation of its effect using near isogenic lines. Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:53. [PMID: 38381194 PMCID: PMC10881613 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study reported the identification and validation of novel QTL conferring coleoptile length in barley and predicted candidate genes underlying the largest effect QTL based on orthologous analysis and comparison of the whole genome assemblies for both parental genotypes of the mapping population. Coleoptile length (CL) is one of the most important agronomic traits in cereal crops due to its direct influence on the optimal depth for seed sowing which facilitates better seedling establishment. Varieties with longer coleoptiles are preferred in drought-prone areas where less moisture maintains at the top layer of the soil. Compared to wheat, genetic study on coleoptile length is limited in barley. Here, we reported a study on detecting the genomic regions associated with CL in barley by assessing a population consisting of 201 recombinant inbred lines. Four putative QTL conferring CL were consistently identified on chromosomes 1H, 5H, 6H, and 7H in each of the trials conducted. Of these QTL, the two located on chromosomes 5H and 6H (designated as Qcl.caf-5H and Qcl.caf-6H) are likely novel and Qcl.caf-5H showed the most significant effect explaining up to 30.9% of phenotypic variance with a LOD value of 15.1. To further validate the effect of this putative QTL, five pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) were then developed and assessed. Analysis of the NILs showed an average difference of 21.0% in CL between the two isolines. Notably, none of the other assessed morphological characteristics showed consistent differences between the two isolines for each pair of the NILs. Candidate genes underlying the Qcl.caf-5H locus were also predicted by employing orthologous analysis and comparing the genome assemblies for both parental genotypes of the mapping population in the present study. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding on genetic basis of CL and will be indicative for further gene cloning and functional analysis underly this locus in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, Hainan, China
| | - Zhouyang Su
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, TAS, 7205, Australia
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunji Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, Hainan, China.
| | - Zhi Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
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Yeom WW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Jeong Jeong Y, Choi HK, Jung HW, Heo JB, Kim CY, Chung YS. Overexpression of R2R3-MYB IbMYB1a induces anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean cotyledon. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:56. [PMID: 38319432 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This is the first report showing anthocyanin accumulation in the soybean cotyledon via genetic transformation of a single gene. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] contains valuable components, including anthocyanins. To enhance anthocyanin production in Korean soybean Kwangankong, we utilized the R2R3-type MYB gene (IbMYB1a), known for inducing anthocyanin pigmentation in Arabidopsis. This gene was incorporated into constructs using two promoters: the CaMV 35S promoter (P35S) and the β-conglycinin promoter (Pβ-con). Kwangankong was transformed using Agrobacterium, and the presence of IbMYB1a and Bar transgenes in T0 plants was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by gene expression validation. Visual inspection revealed that one P35S:IbMYB1a and three Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines displayed seed color change. Pβ-con:IbMYB1a T1 seeds accumulated anthocyanins in cotyledon outer layers, whereas P35S:IbMYB1a and non-transgenic black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) accumulated anthocyanins in the seed coat. During the germination and growth phase, T1 seedlings from Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines exhibited anthocyanin pigmentation in cotyledons for up to 1 month without growth aberrations. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the major anthocyanin in the Pβ-con:IbMYB1a line (#3). We analyzed the expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, chalcone synthase 7,8, chalcone isomerase 1A, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavanol reductase 1, dihydroflavanol reductase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 3, and UDP glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase in transgenic and control Kwangankong and black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) seeds using quantitative real-time PCR. We conclude that the induction of gene expression in transgenic plants in comparison with Kwangankong was attributable to IbMYB1a transformation. Notably, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, and dihydroflavanol reductase 1 were abundantly expressed in black soybean seed coat, distinguishing them from transgenic cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Woo Yeom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea.
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea.
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10
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Yao X, Fang K, Qiao K, Xiong J, Lan J, Chen J, Tian Y, Kang X, Lei W, Zhang D, Lin H. Cooperative transcriptional regulation by ATAF1 and HY5 promotes light-induced cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadf7318. [PMID: 38166030 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The opening of the embryonic leaves (cotyledons) as seedlings emerge from the dark soil into the light is crucial to ensure the survival of the plant. Seedlings that sprout in the dark elongate rapidly to reach light but keep their cotyledons closed. During de-etiolation, the transition from dark to light growth, elongation slows and the cotyledons open. Here, we report that the transcription factor ACTIVATING FACTOR1 (ATAF1) participates in de-etiolation and facilitates light-induced cotyledon opening. The transition from dark to light rapidly induced ATAF1 expression and ATAF1 accumulation in cotyledons. Seedlings lacking or overexpressing ATAF1 exhibited reduced or enhanced cotyledon opening, respectively, and transcriptomic analysis indicated that ATAF1 repressed the expression of genes associated with growth and cotyledon closure. The activation of the photoreceptor phytochrome A (phyA) by far-red light induced its association with the ATAF1 promoter and stimulation of ATAF1 expression. The transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), which is also activated in response far-red light, cooperated with phyA to induce ATAF1 expression. ATAF1 and HY5 interacted with one another and cooperatively repressed the expression of growth-promoting and cotyledon closure genes. Together, our study reveals a mechanism through which far-red light promotes cotyledon opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kang Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiawei Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiayi Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuang Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xinke Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Kikukawa K, Takigawa-Imamura H, Soga K, Kotake T, Higaki T. Smooth Elongation of Pavement Cells Induced by RIC1 Overexpression Leads to Marginal Protrusions of the Cotyledon in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:1356-1371. [PMID: 37718531 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The interdigitated pavement cell shape is suggested to be mechanically rational at both the cellular and tissue levels, but the biological significance of the cell shape is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the potential importance of the jigsaw puzzle-like cell shape for cotyledon morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. We used a transgenic line overexpressing a Rho-like GTPase-interacting protein, ROP-INTERACTIVE CRIB MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1 (RIC1), which causes simple elongation of pavement cells. Computer-assisted microscopic analyses, including virtual reality observation, revealed that RIC1 overexpression resulted in abnormal cotyledon shapes with marginal protrusions, suggesting that the abnormal organ shape might be explained by changes in the pavement cell shape. Microscopic, biochemical and mechanical observations indicated that the pavement cell deformation might be due to reduction in the cell wall cellulose content with alteration of cortical microtubule organization. To examine our hypothesis that simple elongation of pavement cells leads to an abnormal shape with marginal protrusion of the cotyledon, we developed a mathematical model that examines the impact of planar cell growth geometry on the morphogenesis of the organ that is an assemblage of the cells. Computer simulations supported experimental observations that elongated pavement cells resulted in an irregular cotyledon shape, suggesting that marginal protrusions were due to local growth variation possibly caused by stochastic bias in the direction of cell elongation cannot be explained only by polarity-based cell elongation, but that an organ-level regulatory mechanism is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisako Takigawa-Imamura
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kouichi Soga
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Green Biology Research Center, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1 Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1 Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
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12
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Tamizi AA, Md-Yusof AA, Mohd-Zim NA, Nazaruddin NH, Sekeli R, Zainuddin Z, Samsulrizal NH. Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation of cut coleoptile: a new, simplified, and tissue culture-independent method to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9353-9366. [PMID: 37819494 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment are the two common approaches for genome editing in plant species using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Both methods require careful manipulations of undifferentiated cells and tissue culture to regenerate the potentially edited plants. However, tissue culture techniques are laborious and time-consuming. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we have developed a simplified, tissue culture-independent protocol to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system through in planta transformation in Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica cv. MR 219). Sprouting seeds with cut coleoptile were used as the target for the infiltration by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and we achieved 9% transformation efficiency. In brief, the dehusked seeds were surface-sterilised and imbibed, and the coleoptile was cut to expose the apical meristem. Subsequently, the cut coleoptile was inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbouring CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector. The co-cultivation was conducted for five to six days in a dark room (25 ± 2 °C) followed by rooting, acclimatisation, and growing phases. Two-month-old plant leaves were then subjected to a hygromycin selection, and hygromycin-resistant plants were identified as putative transformants. Further validation through the polymerase chain reaction verified the integration of the Cas9 gene in four putative T0 lines. During the fruiting stage, it was confirmed that the Cas9 gene was still present in three randomly selected tillers from two 4-month-old transformed plants. CONCLUSION This protocol provides a rapid method for editing the rice genome, bypassing the need for tissue culture. This article is the first to report the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for in planta transformation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin-Asyraf Tamizi
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Afuza Md-Yusof
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyikin Mohd-Zim
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- FGV R&D Sdn. Bhd, FGV Innovation Centre, PT 23417 Lengkuk Teknologi, 71760, Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nazrul Hisham Nazaruddin
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rogayah Sekeli
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zarina Zainuddin
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Plant Productivity and Sustainable Resource Unit, Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hidayah Samsulrizal
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
- Plant Productivity and Sustainable Resource Unit, Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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13
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de Souza Araújo DM, de Almeida AAF, Pirovani CP, Mora-Ocampo IY, Lima Silva JP, Valle Meléndez RR. Molecular, biochemical and micromorphological responses of cacao seedlings of the Parinari series, carrying the lethal gene Luteus-Pa, in the presence and absence of cotyledons. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:550-569. [PMID: 36525937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the compatibility between cacao genotypes of the population of the Parinari series (Pa), resulting from the reciprocal crossing of Pa 30 × Pa 169 and Pa 121 × Pa 169, allowed the verification of the occurrence of the recessive lethal single character called Luteus-Pa. These genotypes have this gene in heterozygosity, which when intercross or self-fertilize, segregate in a 3:1 ratio. Normal (NS) and mutant (MS) seedlings grow normally and, after a period of approximately 30 days of age, MS leaves begin to show a metallic yellow color, followed by necrotic spots, and death of the entire seedling, approximately 40 days after the emergency. The work evaluate the molecular, biochemical and micromorphological responses in NS and MS, with and without cotyledons, resulting from the crossing of the Pa 30 × Pa 169 cacao genotypes, aiming to elucidate the possible lethal mechanisms of the homozygous recessive Luteus-Pa. The presence of the lethal gene Luteus-Pa in the seedlings of the cacao genotypes of the population of the Parinari (Pa), with and without cotyledons, resulting from the crossing of Pa 30 × Pa 169, in addition to regulating the synthesis of proteins related to the photosynthetic and stress defense processes, promoted an increase in the synthesis of proteins involved in the glycolic pathway, induced oxidative stress, altered the mobilization of cotyledonary reserves, the integrity of cell membranes, leaf micromorphology and induced the death of seedlings, soon after depletion of protein and carbohydrate reserves, especially in the absence of cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'avila Maria de Souza Araújo
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Irma Yuliana Mora-Ocampo
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Lima Silva
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Raúl René Valle Meléndez
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Executive Commission for the Cacao farming Plan, km 22 Jorge Amado Highway, 45650-780, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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14
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Otero S. CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON repression: a side project. Plant Cell 2022; 34:4667-4668. [PMID: 36074066 PMCID: PMC9709973 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Otero
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Science and Technology Office of the Congress of Deputies, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Wang L, Zhou F, Liu X, Zhang H, Yan T, Sun Y, Shi K, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Shan D, Bai Y, Guo Y, Kong J. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5-mediated suppression of melatonin biosynthesis is alleviated by darkness and promotes cotyledon opening. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:4941-4953. [PMID: 35580847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) biosynthesis in plants is induced by darkness and high-intensity light; however, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms and upstream signalling pathways are unknown. We identified a dark-induced and highly expressed melatonin synthetase in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSNAT6, encoding serotonin N-acetyltransferase. We assessed melatonin content and AtSNAT6 expression in mutants lacking key regulators of light/dark signalling. AtCOP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) and AtHY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5), which control light/dark transition and photomorphogenesis, promoted and suppressed melatonin biosynthesis, respectively. Using EMSA and ChIP-qPCR analysis, we showed that AtHY5 inhibits AtSNAT6 expression directly. An analysis of melatonin content in snat6 hy5 double mutant and AtHY5+AtSNAT6-overexpressing plants confirmed the regulatory function of AtHY5 and AtSNAT6 in melatonin biosynthesis. Exogenous melatonin further inhibited cotyledon opening in hy5 mutant and AtSNAT6-overexpressing seedlings, but partially reversed the promotion of cotyledon opening in AtHY5-overexpressing seedlings and snat6. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AtSNAT6 increased cotyledon opening in hy5 mutant, and overexpression of AtSNAT6 decreased cotyledon opening in AtHY5-overexpressing seedlings via changing melatonin biosynthesis, confirming that AtHY5 decreased melatonin-mediated inhibition of cotyledon opening. Our data provide new insights into the regulation of melatonin biosynthesis and its function in cotyledon opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Long W, Yao X, Wang K, Sheng Y, Lv L. De novo transcriptome assembly of the cotyledon of Camellia oleifera for discovery of genes regulating seed germination. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35643426 PMCID: PMC9145465 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia oleifera (C.oleifera) is one of the most important wood oil species in the world. C.oleifera was propagated by nurse seedling grafting. Since the morphology of rootstocks has a significant impact on grafting efficiency and seedling quality, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis for cultivating high-quality and controllable rootstocks. However, the genomic resource for this species is relatively limited, which hinders us from fully understanding the molecular mechanisms of seed germination in C.oleifera. RESULTS In this paper, using transcriptome sequencing, we measured the gene expression in the C.oleifera cotyledon in different stages of development and the global gene expression profiles. Approximately 45.4 gigabases (GB) of paired-end clean reads were assembled into 113,582 unigenes with an average length of 396 bp. Six public protein databases annotate 61.5% (68,217) of unigenes. We identified 11,391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) throughout different stages of germination. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in hormone signal transduction and starch sucrose metabolism pathways. The gravitropism regulator UNE10, the meristem regulators STM, KNAT1, PLT2, and root-specific transcription factor WOX11 all have higher gene expression levels in the CAM2 stage (seed soaking), which indicates that the cotyledon-regulated program for germination had initiated when the seeds were imbibition. Our data showed differentially reprogrammed to multiple hormone-related genes in cotyledons during C.oleifera seed germination. CONCLUSION Cotyledons play vital roles, both as the main nutrient provider and as one primary instructor for seed germination and seedling growth. Together, our study will significantly enrich the genomic resources of Camellia and help us understand the molecular mechanisms of the development in the seed germination and seedling growth of C.oleifera. It is helpful to culture standard and superior quality rootstock for C.oleifera breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 Zhejiang China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 Zhejiang China
| | - Yu Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 Zhejiang China
| | - Leyan Lv
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 311231 Zhejiang China
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17
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Alem AL, Ariel FD, Cho Y, Hong JC, Gonzalez DH, Viola IL. TCP15 interacts with GOLDEN2-LIKE 1 to control cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2022; 110:748-763. [PMID: 35132717 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After germination, exposure to light promotes the opening and expansion of the cotyledons and the development of the photosynthetic apparatus in a process called de-etiolation. This process is crucial for seedling establishment and photoautotrophic growth. TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors are important developmental regulators of plant responses to internal and external signals that are grouped into two main classes. In this study, we identified GOLDEN2-LIKE 1 (GLK1), a key transcriptional regulator of photomorphogenesis, as a protein partner of class I TCPs during light-induced cotyledon opening and expansion in Arabidopsis. The class I TCP TCP15 and GLK1 are mutually required for cotyledon opening and the induction of SAUR and EXPANSIN genes, involved in cell expansion. TCP15 also participates in the expression of photosynthesis-associated genes regulated by GLK1, like LHCB1.4 and LHCB2.2. Furthermore, GLK1 and TCP15 bind to the same promoter regions of different target genes containing either GLK or TCP binding motifs and binding of TCP15 is affected in a GLK1-deficient background, suggesting that a complex between TCP15 and GLK1 participates in the induction of these genes. We postulate that GLK1 helps to recruit TCP15 for the modulation of cell expansion genes in cotyledons and that the functional interaction between these transcription factors may serve to coordinate the expression of cell expansion genes with that of genes involved in the development of the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela L Alem
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico D Ariel
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ivana L Viola
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Aslam M, She Z, Jakada BH, Fakher B, Greaves JG, Yan M, Chen Y, Zheng P, Cheng Y, Qin Y. Interspecific complementation-restoration of phenotype in Arabidopsis cuc2cuc3 mutant by sugarcane CUC2 gene. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:47. [PMID: 35065620 PMCID: PMC8783490 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, a critical balance between differentiation and proliferation of stem cells at the shoot apical meristem zone is essential for proper growth. The spatiotemporal regulation of some crucial genes dictates the formation of a boundary within and around budding organs. The boundary plays a pivotal role in distinguishing one tissue type from another and provides a defined shape to the organs at their developed stage. NAM/CUC subfamily of the NAC transcription factors control the boundary formation during meristematic development. RESULTS Here, we have identified the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes in sugarcane and named SsCUC2 (for the orthologous gene of CUC1 and CUC2) and SsCUC3. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed that SsCUCs occupy the CUC2 and CUC3 clade together with monocots, whereas eudicot CUC2 and CUC3 settled separately in the different clade. The structural analysis of CUC genes showed that most of the CUC3 genes were accompanied by an intron gain during eudicot divergence. Besides, the study of SsCUCs expression in the RNA-seq obtained during different stages of ovule development revealed that SsCUCs express in developing young tissues, and the expression of SsCUC2 is regulated by miR164. We also demonstrate that SsCUC2 (a monocot) could complement the cuc2cuc3 mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis (eudicot). CONCLUSIONS This study further supports that CUC2 has diverged in CUC1 and CUC2 during the evolution of monocots and eudicots from ancestral plants. The functional analysis of CUC expression patterns during sugarcane ovule development and ectopic expression of SsCUC2 in Arabidopsis showed that SsCUC2 has a conserved role in boundary formation. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the functions of sugarcane CUC genes. Our results reveal the crucial functional role of CUC genes in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zeyuan She
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Beenish Fakher
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Joseph G Greaves
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Maokai Yan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Wood JA, Knights EJ, Campbell GM, Harden S, Choct M. Enzyme pre-milling treatments improved milling performance of chickpeas by targeting mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion with various effects on dhal quality. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:62-72. [PMID: 34031883 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehulling and splitting are important elements of the milling process to produce dhal from pulses. However, grain that is difficult-to-mill because of tightly adhered seed coats or cotyledons that resist separation makes it difficult to achieve high quality dhal. Milling yields are reduced, energy inputs into the milling process are increased, and the resulting dhal can be of poorer quality, chipped or abraded. RESULTS Eight enzyme pre-treatments were chosen based on the hypothesised mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion established previously. Using a difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype, we examined the effects of these pre-treatments, over time, on laboratory-scale milling performance and dhal quality. We pioneered a texture analyser method to measure the flex of the cotyledons and the force required to cleave the cotyledons. The enzyme-induced changes ranged from negative (tough seed coat, weight loss, deleterious colour and texture, increased visual damage to cotyledons and increased kibble loss, concave cotyledons, increased flex, and changes in taste) to positive (brittle seed coat, increased seed volume, improved dehulling efficiency and splitting yield, reduced cotyledon cleavage force, and acceptable dhal quality and taste). CONCLUSION All pre-treatments improved milling performance compared to milling the raw seed, although there was considerable variation between them. Two pre-treatments showed no improvement in milling yields compared to the water control, and several pre-treatments resulted in unacceptable qualities. Three pre-treatments, endo-polygalacturonanase, α-galactosidase and cellulase, show potential for commercial milling applications and could assist pulse millers globally to achieve high quality dhal at the same time as minimising milling effort. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wood
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | - Edmund J Knights
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steven Harden
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingan Choct
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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20
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Liu B, Sun G, Liu C, Liu S. LEAFY COTYLEDON 2: A Regulatory Factor of Plant Growth and Seed Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121896. [PMID: 34946844 PMCID: PMC8701892 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are key molecules in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. The transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), which belongs to the DNA-binding protein family, contains a B3 domain. The transcription factor is involved in the regulation of important plant biological processes such as embryogenesis, somatic embryo formation, seed storage protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and other important biological processes. Recent studies have shown that LEC2 regulates the formation of lateral roots and influences the embryonic resetting of the parental vernalization state. The orthologs of LEC2 and their regulatory effects have also been identified in some crops; however, their regulatory mechanism requires further investigation. Here, we summarize the most recent findings concerning the effects of LEC2 on plant growth and seed development. In addition, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of the action of the LEC2 gene during plant development.
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21
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Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has a wavelength range of 280-315 nm. Plants perceive UV-B as an environmental signal and a potential abiotic stress factor that affects development and acclimation. UV-B regulates photomorphogenesis including hypocotyl elongation inhibition, cotyledon expansion, and flavonoid accumulation, but high intensity UV-B can also harm plants by damaging DNA, triggering accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and impairing photosynthesis. Plants have evolved "sunscreen" flavonoids that accumulate under UV-B stress to prevent or limit damage. The UV-B receptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) plays a critical role in promoting flavonoid biosynthesis to enhance UV-B stress tolerance. Recent studies have clarified several UVR8-mediated and UVR8-independent pathways that regulate UV-B stress tolerance. Here, we review these additions to our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in UV-B stress tolerance, highlighting the important roles of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 13, MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1, and ATM- and RAD3-RELATED. We also summarize the known interactions with visible light receptors and the contribution of melatonin to UV-B stress responses. Finally, we update a working model of the UV-B stress tolerance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Author for communication:
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22
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Zhao X, Zhong Y, Shi J, Zhou W. 24-epibrassinolide confers tolerance against deep-seeding stress in Zea mays L. coleoptile development by phytohormones signaling transduction and their interaction network. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1963583. [PMID: 34425064 PMCID: PMC8526002 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1963583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptile/mesocotyl elongation influence seedling emergence and establishment, is major causes of maize deep-seeding tolerance (DST). Detailed analyses on molecular basis underlying their elongation mediated by brassinosteroid under deep-seeding stress (DSS) could provide meaningful information for key factors controlling their elongation. Here we monitored transcriptome and phytohormones changes specifically in elongating coleoptile/mesocotyl in response to DSS and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-signaling. Phenotypically, contrasting maize evolved variant organs to positively respond to DST, longer coleoptile/mesocoty of K12/W64A was a desirable organ for seedling under DSS. Applied-EBR improved maize DST, and their coleoptiles/mesocotyls were further elongated. 15,607/20,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in W64A/K12 coleoptile, KEGG analysis showed plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation were critical processes of coleoptile elongation under DSS and EBR signaling, further highly interconnected network maps including 79/142 DEGs for phytohormones were generated. Consistent with these DEGs expression, interactions, and transport, IAA, GA3, ABA, and Cis-ZT were significantly reduced while EBR, Trans-ZT, JA, and SA were clearly increased in coleoptile under DSS and EBR-signaling. These results enrich our knowledge about the genes and phytohormones regulating coleoptile elongation in maize, and help improve future studies on corresponding genes and develop varieties with DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- CONTACT Xiaoqiang Zhao Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Wenqi Zhou Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou730070, P.R. China
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23
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Yokotani N, Hasegawa Y, Sato M, Hirakawa H, Kouzai Y, Nishizawa Y, Yamamoto E, Naito Y, Isobe S. Transcriptome analysis of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-infected tomatoes: a role of salicylic acid in the host response. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:476. [PMID: 34666675 PMCID: PMC8524973 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is an economically important disease. To understand the host defense response to Cmm infection, transcriptome sequences in tomato cotyledons were analyzed by RNA-seq. Overall, 1788 and 540 genes were upregulated and downregulated upon infection, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in the defense response, phosphorylation, and hormone signaling were over-represented by the infection. Induced expression of defense-associated genes suggested that the tomato response to Cmm showed similarities to common plant disease responses. After infection, many resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were transcriptionally upregulated, including the expressions of some receptor-like kinases (RLKs) involved in pattern-triggered immunity. The expressions of WRKYs, NACs, HSFs, and CBP60s encoding transcription factors (TFs) reported to regulate defense-associated genes were induced after infection with Cmm. Tomato genes orthologous to Arabidopsis EDS1, EDS5/SID1, and PAD4/EDS9, which are causal genes of salicylic acid (SA)-deficient mutants, were upregulated after infection with Cmm. Furthermore, Cmm infection drastically stimulated SA accumulation in tomato cotyledons. Genes involved in the phenylalanine ammonia lyase pathway were upregulated, whereas metabolic enzyme gene expression in the isochorismate synthase pathway remained unchanged. Exogenously applied SA suppressed bacterial growth and induced the expression of WRKYs, suggesting that some Cmm-responsive genes are regulated by SA signaling, and SA signaling activation should improve tomato immunity against Cmm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yokotani
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Masaru Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamamoto
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Sachiko Isobe
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
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Ravindran N, Ramachandran H, Job N, Yadav A, Vaishak K, Datta S. B-box protein BBX32 integrates light and brassinosteroid signals to inhibit cotyledon opening. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:446-461. [PMID: 34618149 PMCID: PMC8418414 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cotyledon opening is a key morphological change that occurs in seedlings during de-etiolation. Brassinosteroids (BRs) inhibit the opening of cotyledons in darkness while light promotes cotyledon opening. The molecular regulation of the interplay between light and BR to regulate cotyledon opening is not well understood. Here, we show the B-box protein BBX32 negatively regulates light signaling and promotes BR signaling to inhibit cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). BBX32 is highly expressed in the cotyledons of seedlings during de-etiolation. bbx32 and 35S:BBX32 seedlings exhibit enhanced and reduced cotyledon opening, respectively, in response to both light and brassinazole treatment in dark, suggesting that BBX32 mediates cotyledon opening through both light and BR signaling pathways. BBX32 expression is induced by exogenous BR and is upregulated in bzr1-1D (BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1-1D). Our in vitro and in vivo interaction studies suggest that BBX32 physically interacts with BZR1. Further, we found that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) interacts with BBX32 and promotes BR-mediated cotyledon closure. BBX32, BZR1, and PIF3 regulate the expression of common target genes that modulate the opening and closing of cotyledons. Our work suggests BBX32 integrates light and BR signals to regulate cotyledon opening during de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevedha Ravindran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Harshil Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Job
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K.P. Vaishak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Author for communication:
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25
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Favero DS. Here comes the sun: a BBX protein slows cotyledon opening following light exposure. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:29-30. [PMID: 34618153 PMCID: PMC8418405 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
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26
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Shao DJ, Wei YM, Yu ZQ, Dai X, Gao XQ. Arabidopsis AtPRP17 functions in embryo development by regulating embryonic patterning. Planta 2021; 254:58. [PMID: 34426887 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis AtPRP17, a homolog of yeast splicing factor gene PRP17, is expressed in siliques and embryos and functions in embryo development via regulating embryonic patterning. Yeast splicing factor PRP17/CDC40 is essential for cell growth through involvement in cell cycle regulation. Arabidopsis genome encodes a homolog of PRP17, AtPRP17; however, its function in Arabidopsis development is unknown. This study showed that AtPRP17 was highly expressed in siliques and embryos, and the protein was localized in the nucleus. The loss-of-function mutation of AtPRP17 led to shrunken seeds in Arabidopsis mature siliques. Further analysis revealed that the defective mature seeds of the mutant resulted from abnormal embryos with shriveled cotyledons, unequal cotyledons, swollen and shortened hypocotyls, or shortened radicles. During embryogenesis, mutant embryos showed delayed development and defective patterning of the apical and base domains, such as inhibited cotyledons and disorganized quiescent center cells and columella. Our results suggested that AtPRP17 functions in Arabidopsis embryo development via regulating embryonic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jie Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yi Ming Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Zhong Qing Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xinren Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Tabeta H, Watanabe S, Fukuda K, Gunji S, Asaoka M, Hirai MY, Seo M, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. An auxin signaling network translates low-sugar-state input into compensated cell enlargement in the fugu5 cotyledon. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009674. [PMID: 34351899 PMCID: PMC8341479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the effective mobilization of seed nutrient reserves is crucial during germination and for seedling establishment. The Arabidopsis H+-PPase-loss-of-function fugu5 mutants exhibit a reduced number of cells in the cotyledons. This leads to enhanced post-mitotic cell expansion, also known as compensated cell enlargement (CCE). While decreased cell numbers have been ascribed to reduced gluconeogenesis from triacylglycerol, the molecular mechanisms underlying CCE remain ill-known. Given the role of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) in cotyledon development, and because CCE in fugu5 is specifically and completely cancelled by ech2, which shows defective IBA-to-indoleacetic acid (IAA) conversion, IBA has emerged as a potential regulator of CCE. Here, to further illuminate the regulatory role of IBA in CCE, we used a series of high-order mutants that harbored a specific defect in IBA-to-IAA conversion, IBA efflux, IAA signaling, or vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity and analyzed the genetic interaction with fugu5-1. We found that while CCE in fugu5 was promoted by IBA, defects in IBA-to-IAA conversion, IAA response, or the V-ATPase activity alone cancelled CCE. Consistently, endogenous IAA in fugu5 reached a level 2.2-fold higher than the WT in 1-week-old seedlings. Finally, the above findings were validated in icl-2, mls-2, pck1-2 and ibr10 mutants, in which CCE was triggered by low sugar contents. This provides a scenario in which following seed germination, the low-sugar-state triggers IAA synthesis, leading to CCE through the activation of the V-ATPase. These findings illustrate how fine-tuning cell and organ size regulation depend on interplays between metabolism and IAA levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keita Fukuda
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | | | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Islam MT, Wang LC, Chen IJ, Lo KL, Lo WS. Arabidopsis JMJ17 promotes cotyledon greening during de-etiolation by repressing genes involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings. New Phytol 2021; 231:1023-1039. [PMID: 33666236 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylases play crucial roles in several developmental processes, but their involvement in seedling establishment remain unexplored. Here, we show that Arabidopsis JUMONJI DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN17 (JMJ17), an H3K4me3 demethylase, is involved in cotyledon greening during seedling establishment. Dark-grown seedlings of jmj17 accumulated a high concentration of protochlorophyllide, an intermediate metabolite in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (TPB) pathway that generates chlorophyll (Chl) during photomorphogenesis. Upon light irradiation, jmj17 mutants displayed decreased cotyledon greening and reduced Chl level compared with the wild-type; overexpression of JMJ17 completely rescued the jmj17-5 phenotype. Transcriptomics analysis uncovered that several genes encoding key enzymes involved in TPB were upregulated in etiolated jmj17 seedlings. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR revealed elevated H3K4me3 level at the promoters of target genes. Chromatin association of JMJ17 was diminished upon light exposure. Furthermore, JMJ17 interacted with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. JMJ17 binds directly to gene promoters to demethylate H3K4me3 to suppress PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE C expression and TPB in the dark. Light results in de-repression of gene expression to modulate seedling greening during de-etiolation. Our study reveals a new role for histone demethylase JMJ17 in controlling cotyledon greening in etiolated seedlings during the dark-to-light transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torikul Islam
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Long-Chi Wang
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Sheng Lo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Yanagisawa M, Poitout A, Otegui MS. Arabidopsis vascular complexity and connectivity controls PIN-FORMED1 dynamics and lateral vein patterning during embryogenesis. Development 2021; 148:dev197210. [PMID: 34137447 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis VASCULATURE COMPLEXITY AND CONNECTIVITY (VCC) is a plant-specific transmembrane protein that controls the development of veins in cotyledons. Here, we show that the expression and localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) is altered in vcc developing cotyledons and that overexpression of PIN1-GFP partially rescues vascular defects of vcc in a dosage-dependent manner. Genetic analyses suggest that VCC and PINOID (PID), a kinase that regulates PIN1 polarity, are both required for PIN1-mediated control of vasculature development. VCC expression is upregulated by auxin, likely as part of a positive feedback loop for the progression of vascular development. VCC and PIN1 localized to the plasma membrane in pre-procambial cells but were actively redirected to vacuoles in procambial cells for degradation. In the vcc mutant, PIN1 failed to properly polarize in pre-procambial cells during the formation of basal strands, and instead, it was prematurely degraded in vacuoles. VCC plays a role in the localization and stability of PIN1, which is crucial for the transition of pre-procambial cells into procambial cells that are involved in the formation of basal lateral strands in embryonic cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yanagisawa
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arthur Poitout
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Wang X, An Y, Qi Z, Xiao J. PPR protein Early Chloroplast Development 2 is essential for chloroplast development at the early stage of Arabidopsis development. Plant Sci 2021; 308:110908. [PMID: 34034865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis and development regulation have long been a focus of research; however, the underlying mechanisms of these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been shown to play key roles in chloroplast development. Here, we identified a novel P-type PPR protein, Early Chloroplast Development 2 (ECD2), and the ecd2 mutant resulted in embryo lethality. The RNAi lines of ECD2 showed varying degrees of albino cotyledons and abnormal chloroplast development, but true leaves were similar to the wild-type. Further analysis revealed that ECD2 was responsible for chloroplast gene expression and group II intron splicing of several genes. Transcriptome analysis combined with quantitative real-time PCR showed that ECD2 was associated with the expression of ribosomal genes and accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes. Overall, our results indicate that ECD2 is critically important for early chloroplast development in cotyledon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Li G, Li Z, Yang Z, Leshem Y, Shen Y, Men S. Mitochondrial heat-shock cognate protein 70 contributes to auxin-mediated embryo development. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1101-1121. [PMID: 33744930 PMCID: PMC8195504 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, mitochondrial-localized heat-shock cognate protein 70-1 (mtHSC70-1) plays an important role in vegetativegrowth. However, whether mtHSC70-1 affects reproductive growth remains unknown. Here, we found that the mtHSC70-1 gene was expressed in the provascular cells of the embryo proper from the early heart stage onward during embryogenesis. Phenotypic analyses of mthsc70-1 mutants revealed that mtHSC70 deficiency leads to defective embryo development and that this effect is mediated by auxin. In addition to a dwarf phenotype, the mthsc70-1 mutant displayed defects in flower morphology, anther development, and embryogenesis. At early developmental stages, the mthsc70-1 embryos exhibited abnormal cell divisions in both embryo proper and suspensor cells. From heart stage onward, they displayed an abnormal shape such as with no or very small cotyledon protrusions, had aberrant number of cotyledons, or were twisted. These embryo defects were associated with reduced or ectopic expression of auxin responsive reporter DR5rev:GFP. Consistently, the expression of auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport genes were markedly altered in mthsc70-1. On the other hand, mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR) was enhanced in mthsc70-1. Treatment of wild-type plants with an inhibitor that activates mitochondrial retrograde signaling reduced the expression level of auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport genes and induced phenotypes similar to those of mthsc70-1. Taken together, our data reveal that loss of function of mtHSC70-1 induces MRR, which inhibits auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport, leading to abnormal auxin gradients and defective embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichen Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zitong Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeyun Yang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yehoram Leshem
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat-Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 300071, Tianjin, China
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Yi SY, Lee M, Jeevan Rameneni J, Lu L, Kaur C, Lim YP. Xanthine-derived metabolites enhance chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and seedling growth during nitrogen deficient condition in Brassica rapa. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1913309. [PMID: 33955825 PMCID: PMC8143221 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1913309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a main environmental factor that induces early senescence. Cotyledons provide an important N source during germination and early seedling development. In this study, we observed that N deficient condition enhanced gene expression involved in purine catabolism in cotyledons of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Seedlings grown with added allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, in the growth medium showed reduced chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and lower fresh weight, compared with seedlings grown on normal medium. On the basis of these results, we speculated that xanthine-derived metabolites might affect both seedling growth and early senescence in cotyledons. To confirm this, seedlings were grown with exogenous xanthine to analyze the role of xanthine-derived metabolites under N deficient condition. Seedlings with xanthine as the sole N-source grew faster, and more cotyledon chlorophyll was broken down, compared with seedlings grown without xanthine. The expression levels of senescence- and purine metabolism-related genes in cotyledons were higher than those in seedlings grown without xanthine. These results indicate the possibility that xanthine plays a role as an activator in both purine catabolism and chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jana Jeevan Rameneni
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Lu Lu
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chetan Kaur
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim H, Choi J. A robust and practical CRISPR/crRNA screening system for soybean cultivar editing using LbCpf1 ribonucleoproteins. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:1059-1070. [PMID: 32945949 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Calli protoplasts isolated from three soybean cultivars are useful tools to evaluate guide RNAs for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based precise gene editing. A type V CRISPR effector, LbCpf1(Cas12a) from Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND 2006, has been used for precision editing of the plant genome. We report that callus-derived protoplasts from three soybeans, including Glycine Max var. Williams 82 and two Korean cultivars (Kwangan and Daewon) represent efficient systems for the screening of active crRNA for CRISPR/LbCpf1. CRISPR/LbCpf1 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) were delivered as complexes of purified endonucleases mixed with designed crRNA to simultaneously edit target genes of GlymaFAD2-1A and GlymaFAD2-1B transfected into three soybean protoplasts including genome-sequenced Williams 82 with cultivars, Kwangan and Daewon. Previously, we reported that nine crRNAs designed for LbCpf1 exhibited varying degrees of editing efficacy for two FAD2 genes. Among the nine crRNAs, the LbCpf1-crRNA3 complexes showed the highest efficiency in soybean cotyledon protoplasts. The new screening systems of callus protoplasts from three soybeans have been successfully used to transfect GFP-tagged markers and CRISPR/LbCpf1 RNPs. The callus protoplasts confirm that the LbCpf1-crRNA3 complex is an active crRNA for LbCpf1 to edit two FAD2 genes similar to cotyledon protoplasts. These results demonstrate that soybean callus protoplast-based CRISPR/crRNA selection is a new and practical tool to screen the efficacy of crRNAs and a prerequisite for progressive regeneration of the edited soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
| | - Jisun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
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Che P, Chang S, Simon MK, Zhang Z, Shaharyar A, Ourada J, O'Neill D, Torres-Mendoza M, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Vielle-Calzada JP, Ozias-Akins P, Albertsen MC, Jones TJ. Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants. Plant J 2021; 106:817-830. [PMID: 33595147 DOI: 10.1101/738971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, 50131, USA
| | | | | | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mijael Torres-Mendoza
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, México
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | - Kathleen M Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, México
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
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35
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Che P, Chang S, Simon MK, Zhang Z, Shaharyar A, Ourada J, O’Neill D, Torres‐Mendoza M, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Vielle‐Calzada J, Ozias‐Akins P, Albertsen MC, Jones TJ. Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants. Plant J 2021; 106:817-830. [PMID: 33595147 PMCID: PMC8252785 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
| | - Shujun Chang
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Ahmed Shaharyar
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | - Jesse Ourada
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Mijael Torres‐Mendoza
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadCINVESTAV IrapuatoGuanajuato36821México
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Kathleen M. Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Vielle‐Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadCINVESTAV IrapuatoGuanajuato36821México
| | - Peggy Ozias‐Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
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Yang C, Fernando WGD. Analysis of the Oxidative Burst and Its Relevant Signaling Pathways in Leptosphaeria maculans-Brassica napus Pathosystem. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4812. [PMID: 34062819 PMCID: PMC8125350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An oxidative burst is an early response of plants to various biotic/abiotic stresses. In plant-microbe interactions, the plant body can induce oxidative burst to activate various defense mechanisms to combat phytopathogens. A localized oxidative burst is also one of the typical behaviors during hypersensitive response (HR) caused by gene-for-gene interaction. In this study, the occurrence of oxidative burst and its signaling pathways was studied from different levels of disease severity (i.e., susceptible, intermediate, and resistant) in the B. napus-L. maculans pathosystem. Canola cotyledons with distinct levels of resistance exhibited differential regulation of the genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and responses. Histochemical assays were carried out to understand the patterns of H2O2 accumulation and cell death. Intermediate and resistant genotypes exhibited earlier accumulation of H2O2 and emergence of cell death around the inoculation origins. The observations also suggested that the cotyledons with stronger resistance were able to form a protective region of intensive oxidative bursts between the areas with and without hyphal intrusions to block further fungal advancement to the uninfected regions. The qPCR analysis suggested that different onset patterns of some marker genes in ROS accumulation/programmed cell death (PCD) such as RBOHD, MPK3 were associated with distinct levels of resistance from B. napus cultivars against L. maculans. The observations and datasets from this article indicated the distinct differences in ROS-related cellular behaviors and signaling between compatible and incompatible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. G. Dilantha Fernando
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
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37
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Sari DRT, Paemanee A, Roytrakul S, Cairns JRK, Safitri A, Fatchiyah F. Black rice cultivar from Java Island of Indonesia revealed genomic, proteomic, and anthocyanin nutritional value. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:55-63. [PMID: 33676377 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Black rice is considered to be functional food containing anthocyanins as bioactive compounds. This study examined the genomic and proteomic patterns in local black rice from Java Island, Indonesia, with attention to the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis. Three kinds of black rice from Java Island, including black rice from East Java (BREJ), black rice from Central Java (BRCJ), and black rice from West Java (BRWJ), were studied in comparison to white rice (WREJ) and red rice (RREJ). Genomic profiling was done by simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis, and sequencing of red coleoptile (Rc) and glycosyltransferase (GT) genes, followed by in silico analysis. Total anthocyanin was investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). The proteomic profiles were determined by liquid-chromatography and mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. The SSR profiles showed a specific band in each black rice variant. The Rc gene exon-2 sequences were similar in the three black rice cultivars. The GT gene sequence was identified as a new variant that correlates with the purple stem, leaf, bran, and whole grain morphology seen exclusively in the BRWJ cultivar. The anthocyanin composition in Java black rice is diverse. The highest cyanidin level was seen in BRWJ and the highest level of peonidin-3-O-glucoside in BREJ. Proteomic profiling of the black rice cultivars demonstrated that the expression of proteins that might be related to the levels of anthocyanin synthesis varied. These studies conclude that the genomic, proteomic and anthocyanins composition of Java black rice cultivars may be used the improvement of their functional nutrition values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari
- 1Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resources, Brawijaya University, Indonesia; 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- 3Proteomic Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, National Science and Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - James Robert Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Anna Safitri
- 1Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resources, Brawijaya University, Indonesia; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
- 1Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resources, Brawijaya University, Indonesia; 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
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Wang X, An Y, Li Y, Xiao J. A PPR Protein ACM1 Is Involved in Chloroplast Gene Expression and Early Plastid Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052512. [PMID: 33802303 PMCID: PMC7959153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts cannot develop normally without the coordinated action of various proteins and signaling connections between the nucleus and the chloroplast genome. Many questions regarding these processes remain unanswered. Here, we report a novel P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) factor, named Albino Cotyledon Mutant1 (ACM1), which is encoded by a nuclear gene and involved in chloroplast development. Knock-down of ACM1 transgenic plants displayed albino cotyledons but normal true leaves, while knock-out of the ACM1 gene in seedlings was lethal. Fluorescent protein analysis showed that ACM1 was specifically localized within chloroplasts. PEP-dependent plastid transcript levels and splicing efficiency of several group II introns were seriously affected in cotyledons in the RNAi line. Furthermore, denaturing gel electrophoresis and Western blot experiments showed that the accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes was probably damaged. Collectively, our results indicate ACM1 is indispensable in early chloroplast development in Arabidopsis cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15010693470
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Li J, Yu Z, Zhang A, Yin Y, Tang L, Li G, Zhang P, Khan IA, Dundas I, Yang Z. Physical mapping of chromosome 7J and a purple coleoptile gene from Thinopyrum intermedium in the common wheat background. Planta 2021; 253:22. [PMID: 33399998 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A physical map of Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 7J was constructed using translocation mapping, and a new seedling purple coleoptile gene was mapped to the bin of FL 0.35-0.63 of 7JS. Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJsJsStSt), a wild relative of common wheat, harbors numerous beneficial genes for wheat improvement. Previous studies showed that wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploid TAF46 and its derived addition line L1 had a purple coleoptile, which was derived from Th. intermedium chromosome 7J. To identify and physically map the purple coleoptile gene, 12 wheat-Th. intermedium 7J translocation lines were analyzed by sequential multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) and intron targeting (IT) markers. A physical map of the 7J chromosome was constructed, consisting of eight chromosomal bins with 89 markers. Seedling evaluation of the coleoptile colors of all tested materials indicated that the purple coleoptile gene was located to the bin with a fraction length (FL) of 0.35-0.63 on chromosome 7JS. Furthermore, based on the syntenic relationships between Th. intermedium and wheat chromosomes, we developed a new chromosome 7J-specific EST-PCR marker from the chromosomal region corresponding to the purple coleoptile gene through the Triticeae multi-omics database. The approach of designing chromosome-specific markers has facilitated fine mapping of the Thinopyrum-specific purple coleoptile gene, and these translocation lines will be valuable for studying the function of the purple coleoptile gene in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Li
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Ahui Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingrong Tang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangrong Li
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed Khan
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, 74600, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ian Dundas
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Zujun Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.
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Abstract
Seedlings grown in darkness exhibit distinct morphologies comparing with light-grown seedlings. Elongated hypocotyls, closed yellow cotyledons, and the formation of apical hooks are typical characteristics for etiolated seedlings, which are collectively named skotomorphogenesis. Various plant hormones and environmental factors are essential for maintaining skotomorphogenesis. Due to the diverse morphological outcomes in etiolated seedlings grown under different treatments, studies on skotomorphogenesis are of particular importance to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying plant response to environmental cues. Here, we detailed experimental procedures to facilitate researchers who are investigating etiolation growth-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang J, Sun N, Zhang F, Yu R, Chen H, Deng XW, Wei N. SAUR17 and SAUR50 Differentially Regulate PP2C-D1 during Apical Hook Development and Cotyledon Opening in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:3792-3811. [PMID: 33093148 PMCID: PMC7721335 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Following germination in the dark, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings undergo etiolation and develop apical hooks, closed cotyledons, and rapidly elongating hypocotyls. Upon light perception, the seedlings de-etiolate, which includes the opening of apical hooks and cotyledons. Here, we identify Arabidopsis Small Auxin Up RNA17 (SAUR17) as a downstream effector of etiolation, which serves to bring about apical hook formation and closed cotyledons. SAUR17 is highly expressed in apical hooks and cotyledons and is repressed by light. The apical organs also express a group of light-inducing SAURs, as represented by SAUR50, which promote hook and cotyledon opening. The development of etiolated or de-etiolated apical structures requires asymmetric differential cell growth. We present evidence that the opposing actions of SAUR17 and SAUR50 on apical development largely result from their antagonistic regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2C D-clade 1 (PP2C-D1), a phosphatase that suppresses cell expansion and promotes apical hook development in the dark. SAUR50 inhibits PP2C-D1, whereas SAUR17 has a higher affinity for PP2C-D1 without inhibiting its activity. PP2C-D1 predominantly associates with SAUR17 in etiolated seedlings, which shields it from inhibitory SAURs such as SAUR50. Light signals turn off SAUR17 and upregulate a subgroup of SAURs including SAUR50 at the inner side of the hook and cotyledon cells, leading to cell expansion and unfolding of the hook and cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Renbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Lee MH, Lee J, Choi SH, Jie EY, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Kim SW. The Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Adventitious Shoot Formation Varies among the Plant Species and the Explant Types. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8451. [PMID: 33182800 PMCID: PMC7696800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli and cotyledon explants of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The frequency of adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli was higher in shoot induction medium (SIM) containing NaB than in the control. However, the frequency of adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon explants of tobacco under the 0.1 mM NaB treatment was similar to that in the control, but it decreased with increasing NaB concentration. Unlike in tobacco, NaB decreased adventitious shoot formation in tomato explants in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not have any effect on adventitious shoot formation in calli. NaB inhibited or delayed the expression of D-type cyclin (CYCD3-1) and shoot-regeneration regulatory gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in cotyledon explants of tobacco and tomato. However, compared to that in control SIM, the expression of WUS was promoted more rapidly in tobacco calli cultured in NaB-containing SIM, but the expression of CYCD3-1 was inhibited. In conclusion, the effect of NaB on adventitious shoot formation and expression of CYCD3-1 and WUS genes depended on the plant species and whether the effects were tested on explants or protoplast-derived calli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (M.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.C.); (E.Y.J.); (J.C.J.); (C.Y.K.)
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Castellanos-Arévalo AP, Estrada-Luna AA, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Valencia-Lozano E, Herrera-Ubaldo H, de Folter S, Blanco-Labra A, Délano-Frier JP. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of grain (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) and leafy (A. hybridus) amaranths. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1143-1160. [PMID: 32430681 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic A. hypochondriacus and A. hybridus roots were generated. Further, a distinct plant regeneration program via somatic embryos produced from hairy roots was established. Work was implemented to develop an optimized protocol for root genetic transformation of the three grain amaranth species and A. hybridus, their presumed ancestor. Transformation efficiency was species-specific, being higher in A. hypochondriacus and followed by A. hybridus. Amaranthus cruentus and A. caudatus remained recalcitrant. A reliable and efficient Agrobacteruim rhizogenes-mediated transformation of these species was established using cotyledon explants infected with the previously untested BVG strain. Optimal OD600 bacterial cell densities were 0.4 and 0.8 for A. hypochondriacus and A. hybridus, respectively. Hairy roots of both amaranth species were validated by the amplification of appropriate marker genes and, when pertinent, by monitoring green fluorescent protein emission or β-glucuronidase activity. Embryogenic calli were generated from A. hypochondriacus rhizoclones. Subsequent somatic embryo maturation and germination required the activation of cytokinin signaling, osmotic stress, red light, and calcium incorporation. A crucial step to ensure the differentiation of germinating somatic embryos into plantlets was their individualization and subcultivation in 5/5 media containing 5% sucrose, 5 g/L gelrite, and 0.2 mg/L 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) previously acidified to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid, followed by their transfer to 5/5 + 2iP media supplemented with 100 mg/L CaCl2. These steps were strictly red light dependent. This process represents a viable protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryo germination from grain amaranth transgenic hairy roots. Its capacity to overcome the recalcitrance to genetic transformation characteristic of grain amaranth has the potential to significantly advance the knowledge of several unresolved biological aspects of grain amaranths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Castellanos-Arévalo
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato. Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Andrés A Estrada-Luna
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Cinvestav, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - José L Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato. Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Eliana Valencia-Lozano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato. Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Cinvestav, UGA-LANGEBIO), Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Cinvestav, UGA-LANGEBIO), Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Alejandro Blanco-Labra
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato. Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - John P Délano-Frier
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato. Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León. Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36824, Irapuato, Gto., México.
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Luo H, Hill CB, Zhou G, Zhang XQ, Li C. Genome-wide association mapping reveals novel genes associated with coleoptile length in a worldwide collection of barley. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:346. [PMID: 32698771 PMCID: PMC7374919 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is projected to become more frequent and severe in a changing climate, which requires deep sowing of crop seeds to reach soil moisture. Coleoptile length is a key agronomic trait in cereal crops such as barley, as long coleoptiles are linked to drought tolerance and improved seedling establishment under early water-limited growing conditions. RESULTS In this study, we detected large genetic variation in a panel of 328 diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions. To understand the overall genetic basis of barley coleoptile length, all accessions were germinated in the dark and phenotyped for coleoptile length after 2 weeks. The investigated barleys had significant variation for coleoptile length. We then conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with more than 30,000 molecular markers and identified 8 genes and 12 intergenic loci significantly associated with coleoptile length in our barley panel. The Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 3 gene (SPL3) on chromosome 6H was identified as a major candidate gene. The missense variant on the second exon changed serine to alanine in the conserved SBP domain, which likely impacted its DNA-binding activity. CONCLUSION This study provides genetic loci for seedling coleoptile length along with candidate genes for future potential incorporation in breeding programmes to enhance early vigour and yield potential in water-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Agriculture and Food, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Gad D, Elhaak M, Pompa A, Mattar M, Zayed M, Fraternale D, Dietz KJ. A New Strategy to Increase Production of Genoprotective Bioactive Molecules from Cotyledon-Derived Silybum marianum L. Callus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E791. [PMID: 32674373 PMCID: PMC7396986 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to enhance the production of bioactive secondary metabolites and to establish new production systems, e.g., for liver-protective compounds of Silybum marianum seeds. Quantifying and identifying the produced phytochemicals, and examining their protective effects against genotoxic agents, is of great interest. This study established a protocol for the qualitative and quantitative production of hepatoprotective compounds in cotyledon-derived Silybum marianum callus through optimized supplementation of the MS medium with the growth regulators 2,4-D, benzylaminopurine, myoinositol, and asparagine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) allowed for identification and quantification of the produced compounds. None of the growth medium combinations supported a detectable production of silymarin. Instead, the generated calli accumulated phenolic acids, in particular chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid, as revealed by HPLC and mass spectrometric analysis. 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) was employed in the AMES-test with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 because it is a potent mutagen for this strain. Results revealed that callus extract had a high anti-genotoxic activity with respect to standard silymarin but more evident with respect seed extract. The callus produced chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid, which revealed higher bioactivity than silymarin. Both compounds were not formed or could not be detected in the seeds of Silybum marianum Egyptian ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Gad
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology W5, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mahmoud Elhaak
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via Donato Bramante, 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Magdy Mattar
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Zayed
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via Donato Bramante, 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology W5, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Brumos J, Bobay BG, Clark CA, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Structure-Function Analysis of Interallelic Complementation in ROOTY Transheterozygotes. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1110-1125. [PMID: 32350121 PMCID: PMC7333694 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial plant growth regulator. Forward genetic screens for auxin-related mutants have led to the identification of key genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. Loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, a metabolically related route that produces defense compounds, result in auxin overproduction. We identified an allelic series of fertile, hypomorphic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants for the essential glucosinolate biosynthetic gene ROOTY (RTY) that exhibit a range of phenotypic defects characteristic of enhanced auxin production. Genetic characterization of these lines uncovered phenotypic suppression by cyp79b2 cyp79b3, wei2, and wei7 mutations and revealed the phenomenon of interallelic complementation in several RTY transheterozygotes. Structural modeling of RTY elucidated the relationships between structure and function in the RTY homo- and heterodimers, and unveiled the likely structural basis of interallelic complementation. This work underscores the importance of employing true null mutants in genetic complementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614
| | - Benjamin G Bobay
- Duke University Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | | | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614
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Spring O, Schmauder K, Lackus ND, Schreiner J, Meier C, Wellhausen J, Smith LV, Frey M. Spatial and developmental synthesis of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones supports function in growth regulation of sunflower. Planta 2020; 252:2. [PMID: 32504343 PMCID: PMC7275010 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific occurrence and formation of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones has been assessed and suggests physiological function as antagonists of auxin-induced plant growth in sunflower. Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, accumulate high concentrations of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones (STL) in glandular trichomes, but in addition, structurally different STL occur in only trace amounts in the inner tissues. The spatial and temporal production of these endogenous STL during early phases of plant development is widely unknown and their physiological function as putative natural growth regulators is yet speculative. By means of HPLC and MS analysis it was shown that costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, 8-epixanthatin and tomentosin are already present in dry seeds and can be extracted in low amounts from cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of seedlings during the first days after germination. Semi-quantitative and RT-qPCR experiments with genes of the key enzymes of two independent routes of the endogenous STL biosynthesis confirmed the early and individual expression in these organs and revealed a gradual down regulation during the first 72-96 h after germination. Light irradiation of the plants led to a fast, but transient increase of STL in parts of the hypocotyl which correlated with growth retardation of the stem. One-sided external application of costunolide on hypocotyls conferred reduced growth of the treated side, thus resulting in the curving of the stem towards the side of the application. This indicates the inhibiting effects of STL on plant growth. The putative function of endogenous STL in sunflower as antagonists of auxin in growth processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Spring
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schmauder
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathalie D Lackus
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schreiner
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Meier
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Wellhausen
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa V Smith
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Frey
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhi J, Liu X, Li D, Huang Y, Yan S, Cao B, Qiu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SlAN2 mutants reveal various regulatory models of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato plant. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:799-809. [PMID: 32221665 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combining phenotype and gene expression analysis of the CRISPR/Cas9-induced SlAN2 mutants, we revealed that SlAN2 specifically regulated anthocyanin accumulation in vegetative tissues in purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose.' Anthocyanins play an important role in plant development and also exhibit human health benefits. The tomato genome contains four highly homologous anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factors: SlAN2, SlANT1, SlANT1-like, and SlAN2-like/Aft. SlAN2-like/Aft regulates anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit; however, the genetic function of the other three factors remains unclear. To better understand the function of R2R3-MYB transcription factors, we conducted targeted mutagenesis of SlAN2 in the purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose' using clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). The SlAN2 mutants had a fruit color and anthocyanin content similar to cv. 'Indigo Rose,' while the anthocyanin content and the relative expression levels of several anthocyanin-related genes in vegetative tissues were significantly lower in the SlAN2 mutant relative to cv. Indigo Rose. Furthermore, we found that anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by different regulators between tomato hypocotyls and cotyledons. In addition, SlAN2 mutants were shorter, with smaller and lighter fruits than cv. 'Indigo Rose.' Our findings further our understanding of anthocyanin production in tomato and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinggemei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Arantes MR, Dias LP, Costa JH, Saraiva KDC, Morais JKS, Sousa DOB, Soares AA, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA. Gene expression during development and overexpression after Cercospora kikuchii and salicylic acid challenging indicate defensive roles of the soybean toxin. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:669-682. [PMID: 32123995 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE SBTX has defensive role against C. kikuchii, and therefore, its constituent genes SBTX17 and SBTX27 are promising candidates to engineer pathogen resistant plants. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is economically the most important legume crop in the world. Its productivity is strongly affected by fungal diseases, which reduce soybean production and seed quality and cause losses of billions of dollars worldwide. SBTX is a protein that apparently takes part in the defensive chemical arsenal of soybean against pathogens. This current study provides data that reinforce this hypothesis. Indeed, SBTX inhibited in vitro the mycelial growth of Cercospora kikuchii, it is constitutively located in the epidermal region of the soybean seed cotyledons, and it is exuded from mature imbibed seeds. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis of the SBTX associated genes, SBTX17 and SBTX27, which encode for the 17 and 27 kDa polypeptide chains, showed that both genes are expressed in all studied plant tissues during the soybean development, with the highest levels found in the mature seeds and unifoliate leaves. In addition, to assess a local response of the soybean secondary leaves from 35-day-old plants, they were inoculated with C. kikuchii and treated with salicylic acid. It was verified using RT-qPCR that SBTX17 and SBTX27 genes overexpressed in leaves compared to controls. These findings strongly suggest that SBTX has defensive roles against C. kikuchii. Therefore, SBTX17 and SBTX27 genes are promising candidates to engineer pathogen resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Arantes
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Dias
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Jose H Costa
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Katia D C Saraiva
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Janne K S Morais
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele O B Sousa
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Arlete A Soares
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Av. Mister Hull, P.O. Box: 60451, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil.
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Alvarez JM, Bueno N, Cuesta C, Feito I, Ordás RJ. Hormonal and gene dynamics in de novo shoot meristem formation during adventitious caulogenesis in cotyledons of Pinus pinea. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:527-541. [PMID: 31993729 PMCID: PMC7067738 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Several members of WOX and KNOX gene families and several plant growth regulators, basically cytokinins and auxins, play a key role during adventitious caulogenesis in the conifer Pinus pinea. Similar to Arabidopsis thaliana, Pinus pinea shoot organogenesis is a multistep process. However, there are key differences between both species, which may alter the underlying physiological and genetic programs. It is unknown if the genic expression models during angiosperm development may be applicable to conifers. In this work, an analysis of the endogenous content of different plant growth regulators and the expression of genes putatively involved in adventitious caulogenesis in P. pinea cotyledons was conducted. A multivariate analysis of both datasets was also realized through partial least squares regression and principal component analysis to obtain an integral vision of the mechanisms involved in caulogenesis in P. pinea. Analyses show that cotyledons cultured in the presence of benzyladenine during long times (2-6 days) cluster separately from the rest of the samples, suggesting that the benzyladenine increase observed during the first hours of culture is sufficient to trigger the caulogenic response through the activation of specific developmental programs. In particular, the most relevant factors involved in this process are the cytokinins trans-zeatin, dihydrozeatin, trans-zeatin riboside and isopentenyl adenosine; the auxin indoleacetic acid; and the genes PpWUS, PpWOX5, PpKN2, PpKN3 and PipiRR1. WUS is functional in pines and has an important role in caulogenesis. Interestingly, WOX5 also seems to participate in the process, although its specific role has not been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Alvarez
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Feito
- Servicio Regional de Investigación Y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Asturias (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Ricardo J Ordás
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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