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Xue S, Li X, Zhou S, Zhang J, Sun K, Peng X, Chen N, Dong M, Jiang T, Chen Y, Yan W. Effects and mechanisms of endocrine disruptor bisphenol AF on male reproductive health: A mini review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 276:116300. [PMID: 38583312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF), an analogue of bisphenol A (BPA), is commonly found in manufacturing industries and known for its endocrine-disrupting properties. Despite potential similarities in adverse effects with BPA, limited toxicological data exist specifically for BPAF and its impact on male reproductive physiology. This mini-review aims to elucidate the influence of BPAF on the male reproductive system, focusing on estrogenic effects, effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and transgenerational reproductive toxicity. Additionally, we outline the current insights into the potential mechanisms underlying BPAF-induced male reproductive disorders. BPAF exposure, either directly or maternally, has been associated with detrimental effects on male reproductive functions, including damage to the blood-testis barrier (BTB) structure, disruptions in steroidogenesis, testis dysfunction, decreased anogenital distance (AGD), and defects in sperm and semen quality. Mechanistically, altered gene expression in the HPG axis, deficits in the steroidogenesis pathway, activation of the aromatase pathway, cascade effects induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of ERK signaling, and immunological responses collectively contribute to the adverse effects of BPAF on the male reproductive system. Given the high prevalence of male reproductive issues and infertility, along with the widespread environmental distribution of bisphenols, this study provides valuable insights into the negative effects of BPAF. The findings underscore the importance of considering the safe use of this compound, urging further exploration and regulatory attention to decrease potential risks associated with BPAF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xue
- Department of Key Laboratory, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Shenrui Zhou
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Kun Sun
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of life science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
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Hou L, Fu Y, Zhao C, Fan L, Hu H, Yin S. The research progress on the impact of antibiotics on the male reproductive system. Environ Int 2024; 187:108670. [PMID: 38669720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively utilized in the livestock and poultry industry and can accumulate in animals and the environment, leading to potential health risks for humans via food and water consumption. Research on antibiotic toxicity, particularly their impact as endocrine disruptors on the male reproductive system, is still in its nascent stages. This review highlights the toxic effect of antibiotics on the male reproductive system, detailing the common routes of exposure and the detrimental impact and mechanisms of various antibiotic classes. Additionally, it discusses the protective role of food-derived active substances against the reproductive toxicity induced by antibiotics. This review aims to raise awareness about the reproductive toxicity of antibiotics in males and to outline the challenges that must be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yunamingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Gautam R, Priyadarshini E, Patel AK, Arora T. Assessing the impact and mechanisms of environmental pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) on the male reproductive system: a comprehensive review. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog 2024; 42:126-153. [PMID: 38240636 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2302738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of technological advancements, coupled with the increased use of hazardous chemicals, has emerged as a significant concern for human health. Exposure to environmental pollutants like heavy metals and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) is known to significantly contribute to various health problems, particularly affecting reproductive health. Disturbances in reproductive potential and reproductive toxicity in males are particularly worrisome. Existing literature suggests that exposure to these environmental pollutants significantly alters male reproductive parameters. Thus, it is imperative to thoroughly analyze, comprehend, and evaluate their impact on male reproductive toxicity. Oxidative stress and disruptions in redox equilibrium are major factors through which these pollutants induce changes in sperm parameters and affect the reproductive system. Insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides act as endocrine disruptors, interfering with the secretion and function of reproductive hormones such as testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), consequently impacting spermatogenesis. Additionally, heavy metals are reported to bio-accumulate in reproductive organs, acting as endocrine disruptors and triggering oxidative stress. The co-operative association of these pollutants can lead to severe damage. In this comprehensive review, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the impact of these environmental pollutants on the male reproductive system, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gautam
- Division of RCN, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arbind Kumar Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Division of RCN, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Arrigo F, Impellitteri F, Piccione G, Faggio C. Phthalates and their effects on human health: Focus on erythrocytes and the reproductive system. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 270:109645. [PMID: 37149015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastics, long-chain artificial polymers, are used worldwide with a global production of 350 million tonnes per year. Various degradation processes transform plastics into smaller fragments divided into micro, meso and macroplastics. In various industries, such as construction, certain plastic additives are used to improve flexibility and enhance performance. Plastic additives include phthalates (PAE), dibutyl phthalate (DPB) and diethyl phthalate (DEP). Due to the use of plastics and plastic additives, these small fragments of different shapes and colours are present in all environmental compartments. For their characteristics, PAEs can be introduced particularly by ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption. They can accumulate in the human body, where they have already been identified in blood, amniotic fluid and urine. The purpose of this review is to gather the effects that these plastic additives have on various systems in the human body. Being endocrine disruptors, the effects they have on erythrocytes and how they can be considered targets for xenobiotics have been analysed. The influence on the reproductive system was also examined. Phthalates are therefore often overused. Due to their properties, they can reach human tissues and have a negative impact on health. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the presence of phthalates and their hazards. Therefore, the use of these plastic additives should be reduced, replaced and their disposal improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Petersen KU, Hærvig KK, Flachs EM, Bonde JP, Lindh C, Hougaard KS, Toft G, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Tøttenborg SS. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and male reproductive function in young adulthood; a cross-sectional study. Environ Res 2022; 212:113157. [PMID: 35318009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large family of persistent industrial chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties. OBJECTIVES To examine biomarkers of reproductive function in young adult males according to current environmental exposure to single and combined PFAS. METHODS The study population consisted of young men (n = 1041, age 18-21) from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. These men were recruited from pregnancies included in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) between 1996 and 2002. From 2017 to 2019, participants answered an online questionnaire, completed a clinical examination and provided a blood and a semen sample. Exposure to 15 PFAS was measured in plasma. Six compounds were quantified above the limit of detection in at least 80% of the participants. We applied negative binomial regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models to assess associations between single and combined exposure to PFAS and measures of semen quality, testicular volume and reproductive hormones among the young men. RESULTS We found no consistent associations between plasma concentrations of PFAS, semen quality and testicular volume. Higher levels of single and combined PFAS were associated with slightly higher levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (WQS 4% difference, 95% confidence interval: 0, 9). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the main contributor to this finding with positive signals also from perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). DISCUSSION We examined exposure to a range of common PFAS in relation to biomarkers of male reproductive function and found an association with higher levels of FSH among young men from the general population in Denmark. Further studies on especially combined exposure to PFAS are needed to expand our understanding of potential endocrine disruption from both legacy and emerging compounds in relation to male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katia Keglberg Hærvig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hamed KA, El-Fiky SA, Gawish AM, Khalil WKB, Mohamed HRH. Alleviation of nicotine-induced reproductive disorder, clastogenicity, and histopathological alterations by fenugreek saponin bulk and nanoparticles in male rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:47488-47501. [PMID: 35182342 PMCID: PMC9232449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the most abundant ingredient in cigarette smoking and has serious side effects on the lung, heart, reproductive system, and many other human organs. Saponins extracted from many plants exhibit multiple biological actions such as anti-cancer effects. Therefore, the possible protective effect of fenugreek saponin (FS) and nanofenugreek saponin (NFS) against nicotine-induced toxicity in male rats was investigated in this study. Animals were divided into a control group and the nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day), FS (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day), or/and NFS (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day) administered groups. Micronucleus assay, histopathological, and sperm abnormality examinations as well as measurement of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression were conducted. Our findings revealed that nicotine treatment induced significant increases in the incidence of micronucleus, sperm abnormalities, and expression levels of AChE in addition to inducing histopathological changes in rat testis. On the other hand, administration of FS or NFS with nicotine significantly decreased the incidence of micronuclei and the percentage of sperm abnormalities as well as the expression levels of AChE gene. Moreover, nicotine-induced histological alterations were reduced by given FS or NFS with nicotine. In conclusion, nicotine-induced sperm abnormalities, chromosomal damage, and histological injuries were mitigated by administration of FS or NFS with nicotine, and thus, FS and NFS could be used as ameliorating agents against nicotine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima A Hamed
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous StDokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia A El-Fiky
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous StDokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza M Gawish
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous StDokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Handelsman DJ, Desai R, Conway AJ, Shankara-Narayana N, Stuckey BGA, Inder WJ, Grossmann M, Yeap BB, Jesudason D, Ly LP, Bracken K, Wittert GA. Recovery of male reproductive endocrine function after ceasing prolonged testosterone undecanoate injections. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:307-318. [PMID: 35000898 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The time course of male reproductive hormone recovery after stopping injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the rate, extent, and determinants of reproductive hormone recovery over 12 months after stopping TU injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men (n = 303) with glucose intolerance but without pathologic hypogonadism who completed a 2-year placebo (P)-controlled randomized clinical trial of TU treatment were recruited for further 12 months while remaining blinded to treatment. Sex steroids (testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol, oestrone) by liquid chromatography-mass sprectometry, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassays and sexual function questionnaires (Psychosexual Diary Questionnaire, International Index of Erectile Function, and short form survey (SF-12)) were measured at entry (3 months after the last injection) and 6, 12, 18, 24, 40, and 52 weeks later. RESULTS In the nested cohort of TU-treated men, serum T was initially higher but declined at 12 weeks remaining stable thereafter with serum T and SHBG at 11 and 13%, respectively, lower than P-treated men. Similarly, both questionnaires showed initial carry-over higher scores in T-treated men but after 18 weeks showed no difference between T- and P-treated men. Initially, fully suppressed serum LH and FSH recovered slowly towards the participant's own pre-treatment baseline over 12 months since the last injection. CONCLUSIONS After stopping 2 years of 1000 mg injectable TU treatment, full reproductive hormone recovery is slow and progressive over 15 months since the last testosterone injection but may take longer than 12 months to be complete. Persistent proportionate reduction in serum SHBG and T reflects lasting exogenous T effects on hepatic SHBG secretion rather than androgen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Reena Desai
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Ann J Conway
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Nandini Shankara-Narayana
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Bronwyn G A Stuckey
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Warrick J Inder
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and the University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- The Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bu Beng Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Jesudason
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lam P Ly
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Karen Bracken
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Allen Wittert
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Tvrdá E, Benko F, Slanina T, du Plessis SS. The Role of Selected Natural Biomolecules in Sperm Production and Functionality. Molecules 2021; 26:5196. [PMID: 34500629 PMCID: PMC8434568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that natural biomolecules may play important roles in the prevention or management of a wide array of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of male sub- or infertility has been proposed as a potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. As such, we aimed to evaluate the effects of selected natural biomolecules on the sperm production, structural integrity, and functional activity. At the same time, we reviewed their possible beneficial or adverse effects on male reproductive health. Using relevant keywords, a literature search was performed to collect currently available information regarding molecular mechanisms by which selected natural biomolecules exhibit their biological effects in the context of male reproductive dysfunction. Evidence gathered from clinical trials, in vitro experiments and in vivo studies suggest that the selected natural compounds affect key targets related to sperm mitochondrial metabolism and motion behavior, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA integrity and cell death. The majority of reports emphasize on ameliorative, stimulating and protective effects of natural biomolecules on the sperm function. Nevertheless, possible adverse and toxic behavior of natural compounds has been indicated as well, pointing out to a possible dose-dependent impact of natural biomolecules on the sperm survival and functionality. As such, further research leading to a deeper understanding of the beneficial or adverse roles of natural compounds is necessary before these can be employed for the management of male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (F.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Filip Benko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (F.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (F.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates;
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Yaglova NV, Tsomartova DA, Obernikhin SS, Yaglov VV, Nazimova SV, Tsomartova ES, Chereshneva EV, Ivanova MY, Lomanovskaya TA. Differential Disrupting Effects of Prolonged Low-Dose Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on Androgen and Estrogen Production in Males. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3155. [PMID: 33808818 PMCID: PMC8003643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is the most widespread, persistent pollutant and endocrine disruptor on the planet. Although DDT has been found to block androgen receptors, the effects of its low-dose exposure in different periods of ontogeny on the male reproductive system remain unclear. We evaluate sex steroid hormone production in the pubertal period and after maturation in male Wistar rats exposed to low doses of o,p'-DDT, either during prenatal and postnatal development or postnatal development alone. Prenatally and postnatally exposed rats exhibit lower testosterone production and increased estradiol and estriol serum levels after maturation, associated with the delayed growth of gonads. Postnatally exposed rats demonstrate accelerated growth of gonads and higher testosterone production in the pubertal period. In contrast to the previous group, they do not present raised estradiol production. All of the exposed animals exhibit a reduced conversion of progesterone to 17OH-progesterone after sexual maturation, which indicates putative attenuation of sex steroid production. Thus, the study reveals age-dependent outcomes of low-dose exposure to DDT. Prenatal onset of exposure results in the later onset of androgen production and the enhanced conversion of androgens to estrogens after puberty, while postnatal exposure induces the earlier onset of androgen secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Dibakhan A. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Sergey S. Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Valentin V. Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Svetlana V. Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Elina S. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (S.S.O.); (V.V.Y.); (S.V.N.); (E.S.T.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Elizaveta V. Chereshneva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Marina Y. Ivanova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Ren X, Chen X, Wang S, Qin C. Pyrethroids Toxicity to Male Reproductive System and Offspring as a Function of Oxidative Stress Induction: Rodent Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656106. [PMID: 34122335 PMCID: PMC8190395 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids may be related to male reproductive system damage. However, the results of many previous studies are contradictory and uncertain. Therefore, a systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed to assess the relationship between pyrethroid exposure and male reproductive system damage. A total of 72 articles were identified, among which 57 were selected for meta-analysis, and 15 were selected for qualitative analysis. Pyrethroid exposure affected sperm count (SMD= -2.0424; 95% CI, -2.4699 to -1.6149), sperm motility (SMD=-3.606; 95% CI, -4.5172 to -2.6948), sperm morphology (SMD=2.686; 95% CI, 1.9744 to 3.3976), testis weight (SMD=-1.1591; 95% CI, -1.6145 to -0.7038), epididymal weight (SMD=-1.1576; 95% CI, -1.7455 to -0.5697), and serum testosterone level (SMD=-1.9194; 95% CI, -2.4589 to -1.3798) in the studies of rats. We found that gestational and lactational exposure to pyrethroids can reduce sperm count (SMD=1.8469; 95% CI, -2.9010 to -0.7927), sperm motility (SMD=-2.7151; 95% CI, -3.9574 to -1.4728), testis weight (SMD=-1.4361; 95% CI, -1.8873 to -0.9848), and epididymal weight (SMD=-0.6639; 95% CI, -0.9544 to -0.3733) of F1 offspring. Exposure to pyrethroids can increase malondialdehyde (SMD=3.3451; 95% CI 1.9914 to 4.6988) oxide in testes and can reduce the activities of glutathione (SMD=-2.075; 95% CI -3.0651 to -1.0848), superoxide dismutase (SMD=-2.4856; 95% CI -3.9612 to -1.0100), and catalase (SMD=-2.7564; 95% CI -3.9788 to -1.5340). Pyrethroid exposure and oxidative stress could damage male sperm quality. Gestational and lactational pyrethroid exposure affects the reproductive system of F1 offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chao Qin
- *Correspondence: Chao Qin, ; ShangQian Wang,
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11
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Zhang T, Zhou X, Ren X, Zhang X, Wu J, Wang S, Wang Z. Animal Toxicology Studies on the Male Reproductive Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin: Data Analysis and Health Effects Evaluation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:696106. [PMID: 34803904 PMCID: PMC8595279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.696106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental poison that exist in the environment for many years. However, its effect on the male reproductive system has not been clearly stated. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of TCDD on the male reproductive system of rodents about TCDD. Results showed that that TCDD exposure reduced the testis weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.035, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.046 to -0.025), sperm count (WMD: -35, 95% CI: -42.980 to -27.019), and blood testosterone concentration (WMD: -0.171, 95% CI: -0.269 to -0.073). According to our research results, TCDD can cause damage to the male reproductive system of rodents through direct or indirect exposure. In order to further explore the potential hazards of TCDD to humans, more human-related research needs to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zengjun Wang, ; Shangqian Wang,
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zengjun Wang, ; Shangqian Wang,
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12
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Scholze M, Taxvig C, Kortenkamp A, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Svingen T, Lauschke K, Frandsen H, Ermler S, Hermann SS, Pedersen M, Lykkeberg AK, Axelstad M, Vinggaard AM. Quantitative in Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation (QIVIVE) for Predicting Reduced Anogenital Distance Produced by Anti-Androgenic Pesticides in a Rodent Model for Male Reproductive Disorders. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:117005. [PMID: 33236927 PMCID: PMC7687371 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pesticides can antagonize the androgen receptor (AR) or inhibit androgen synthesis in vitro but their potential to cause reproductive toxicity related to disruption of androgen action during fetal life is difficult to predict. Currently no approaches for using in vitro data to anticipate such in vivo effects exist. Prioritization schemes that limit unnecessary in vivo testing are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES The aim was to develop a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) approach for predicting in vivo anti-androgenicity arising from gestational exposures and manifesting as a shortened anogenital distance (AGD) in male rats. METHODS We built a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBK) model to simulate concentrations of chemicals in the fetus resulting from maternal dosing. The predicted fetal levels were compared with analytically determined concentrations, and these were judged against in vitro active concentrations for AR antagonism and androgen synthesis suppression. RESULTS We first evaluated our model by using in vitro and in vivo anti-androgenic data for procymidone, vinclozolin, and linuron. Our PBK model described the measured fetal concentrations of parent compounds and metabolites quite accurately (within a factor of five). We applied the model to nine current-use pesticides, all with in vitro evidence for anti-androgenicity but missing in vivo data. Seven pesticides (fludioxonil, cyprodinil, dimethomorph, imazalil, quinoxyfen, fenhexamid, o-phenylphenol) were predicted to produce a shortened AGD in male pups, whereas two (λ-cyhalothrin, pyrimethanil) were anticipated to be inactive. We tested these expectations for fludioxonil, cyprodinil, and dimethomorph and observed shortened AGD in male pups after gestational exposure. The measured fetal concentrations agreed well with PBK-modeled predictions. DISCUSSION Our QIVIVE model newly identified fludioxonil, cyprodinil, and dimethomorph as in vivo anti-androgens. With the examples investigated, our approach shows great promise for predicting in vivo anti-androgenicity (i.e., AGD shortening) for chemicals with in vitro activity and for minimizing unnecessary in vivo testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin Lauschke
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Frandsen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Susan Strange Hermann
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Kruse Lykkeberg
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Stadler B, Whittaker MR, Exintaris B, Middendorff R. Oxytocin in the Male Reproductive Tract; The Therapeutic Potential of Oxytocin-Agonists and-Antagonists. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565731. [PMID: 33193084 PMCID: PMC7642622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the role of oxytocin and oxytocin-like agents (acting via the oxytocin receptor and belonging to the oxytocin-family) in the male reproductive tract is considered. Previous research (dating back over 60 years) is revised and connected with recently found aspects of the role oxytocin plays in male reproductive health. The local expression of oxytocin and its receptor in the male reproductive tract of different species is summarized. Colocalization and possible crosstalk to other agents and receptors and their resulting effects are discussed. The role of the newly reported oxytocin focused signaling pathways in the male reproductive tract, other than mediating contractility, is critically examined. The structure and effect of the most promising oxytocin-agonists and -antagonists are reviewed for their potential in treating male disorders with origins in the male reproductive tract such as prostate diseases and ejaculatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Stadler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- Drug Discovery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Betty Exintaris
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Mandi M, Khatun S, Rajak P, Mazumdar A, Roy S. Potential risk of organophosphate exposure in male reproductive system of a non-target insect model Drosophila melanogaster. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 74:103308. [PMID: 31816565 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Based on several adverse reports of pesticides on reproductive efficiency of various organisms, studies on "reproductive toxicity" have gained importance. Fecundity, reflecting reproductive success of any organism, is governed by several factors from female and male reproductive systems. This present study explored morphological and biochemical alterations in the male reproductive system of a non-target model organism, Drosophila melanogaster following chronic sub-lethal exposure (1st instar larvae differentially exposed to 1-6 μg/mL until adulthood) to the organophosphate (OP) pesticide, acephate (chronic LC50 8.71 μg/mL). This study demonstrates altered testis structure, decreased germ cell viability and gross body weight, increased activities of oxidative stress marker lipid peroxidase (LPO), and the endogenous antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT)in addition with altered expression of reproductive marker proteins like vitellogenin and mitoferrin in acephate-exposed flies when compared to control counterparts. Altered reproductive behavior, indicated by a significant decline in the number of mating pairs, validates the adverse effect of chronic acephate exposure on male reproduction in the non-target insect model D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutushi Mandi
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Salma Khatun
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Entomology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Kortenkamp A. Which chemicals should be grouped together for mixture risk assessments of male reproductive disorders? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110581. [PMID: 31525431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is concern about cumulative exposures to compounds that disrupt male sexual differentiation in foetal life, leading to irreversible effects in adulthood, including declines in semen quality, testes non-descent, malformations of the penis and testis cancer. Traditional chemical-by-chemical risk assessment approaches cannot capture the likely cumulative health risks. Past efforts of focusing on combinations of phthalates, a subgroup of chemicals suspected of contributing to these risks, do not go far enough, as they ignore the contribution of other types of chemicals. With the aim of providing criteria for the inclusion of additional chemicals in mixture risks assessments for male reproductive health, this paper examines the mechanisms of action of various chemicals capable of disrupting male sexual differentiation. An Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) network for malformations of the male reproductive system is constructed that includes new findings about the role of disruptions of prostaglandin signalling. This network is used to identify pathways that converge at critical nodal points to produce down-stream adverse effects. From this knowledge, combinations of chemicals with different mechanisms of action are predicted that should result in cumulative effects. These predictions are then mapped against evidence from experimental mixture studies with relevant combinations. From the outcome of this analysis it is concluded that cumulative assessment groups for male reproductive health risks should not only include phthalates but also comprise androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, chemicals capable of disrupting steroid synthesis, InsL3 production, prostaglandin signalling and co-planar polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins together with other dioxin-like compounds. This list goes far beyond what has been suggested previously. A minimum set of chemicals to be assessed together with phthalates includes pesticides such as vinclozolin, prochloraz, procymidone, linuron, the pain killers paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen, pharmaceuticals such as finasteride, ketoconazole, and the lipid-lowering drug simvastin, poly-chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and other dioxin-like pollutants and phenolics such as bisphenol A and butylparaben. AOP network analyses are essential to overcome difficulties in establishing groupings of chemicals for mixture risk assessments that derive from a narrow focus on mechanisms and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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16
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Cariati F, Carbone L, Conforti A, Bagnulo F, Peluso SR, Carotenuto C, Buonfantino C, Alviggi E, Alviggi C, Strina I. Bisphenol A-Induced Epigenetic Changes and Its Effects on the Male Reproductive System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:453. [PMID: 32849263 PMCID: PMC7406566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread chemical agent which can exert detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Exposure to BPA has been shown to induce several epigenetic modifications in both animal and human cells. Specifically, BPA could not only modify the methylation pattern of multiple genes encoding proteins related to reproductive physiology but also directly influence the genes responsible for DNA methylation. BPA effects include hormonal alterations, microscopic and macroscopic alteration of male reproductive organs, and inheritable epigenetic changes involving human reproduction. BPA exposure was also linked to prostate cancer. This review aims to show the current scenario of BPA-induced epigenetic changes and its effects on the male reproductive system. Possible strategies to counter the toxic effect of BPA were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cariati
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federica Cariati
| | - Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnulo
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Consolata Carotenuto
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Cira Buonfantino
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Erminia Alviggi
- GENERA Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Ruesch, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology Institute (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Strina
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Rizvi A, Parveen S, Khan S, Naseem I. Nickel toxicology with reference to male molecular reproductive physiology. Reprod Biol 2019; 20:3-8. [PMID: 31892488 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals is a known phenomenon. Nickel toxicity is very common since nickel is used extensively both industrially and in items of personal use such as utensils and jewellery. Here we discuss human exposure to nickel and its toxicity in the light of the available scientific evidence to understand its underlying pathophysiology. The ability of Ni+2 to get oxidized to Ni+3 renders it's potential of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the system leading to oxidative stress. Carcinogenesis, apoptosis induction, contact dermatitis, epigenetic changes, and alteration in gene regulation are a result of overexposure of nickel. Our focus is on how nickel affects the male reproductive physiology. Nickel primarily drives ROS mediated perturbations in the male reproductive system. It influences zinc metabolism, which is critical for sperm stability and affects the structure of DNA binding proteins, including protamines, thereby affecting sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saima Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saniyya Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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18
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Komsky-Elbaz A, Saktsier M, Biran D, Argov-Argaman N, Azaizeh H, Landau YS, Roth Z. Atrazine-induced toxicity in goat spermatozoa is alleviated to some extent by polyphenol-enriched feed. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124858. [PMID: 31549674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most extensively used herbicides to control growth of broadleaf and grassy weeds in crops. ATZ and its metabolites have deleterious effect on sperm quality. ATZ is also known for its ability to induce oxidative stress. Pistacia lentiscus (PL) is an evergreen shrub, with a high content of polyphenols in leaf extracts, with a known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The protective effect of PL or its extracts against ATZ-induced damage have not been yet evaluated. We examined the harmful effects of atrazine (ATZ) exposure on male reproductive system, using goat (Capra hircus) model spermatozoa and the protective effects of PL and PL ethanolic extract (PLE). In in-vivo experiments, male goats were fed a standard ration or one supplemented with 15 mg ATZ/kg body weight daily, for 6 months. Exposure to ATZ impaired the spermatozoa's morphology, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell lipid composition. These alterations may in turn lead to reduced fertilization competence of the exposed spermatozoa. In an ex-vivo experiment, spermatozoa from male goats fed a standard ration or one supplemented with PL or PLE for 90 days and then were exposed to 1 μM ATZ or 10 μM of its major metabolite diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) through in-vitro capacitation. Prefeeding with PL or PLE partially attenuated the harmful effects of ATZ and DACT. Dietary supplementation with polyphenol-enriched feed can protect, to a certain extent, spermatozoa in males exposed to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Komsky-Elbaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel; Animal Sperm Research Center, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel; Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moty Saktsier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel; Animal Sperm Research Center, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Biran
- Extension Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hassan Azaizeh
- The Institute of Applied Research (affiliated with University of Haifa), The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, 20200, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Department of Environmental Sciences, Upper Galilee, 12208, Israel
| | - Yan S Landau
- Department of Natural Resources and Agronomy, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel; Animal Sperm Research Center, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel; Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Uroplakins (UPKs) play an important role in the normal and pathophysiology of the urothelium. They protect the urothelium and play a crucial role during urothelial infections by Uropathogenic E. coli. However, their functions beyond this organ system remain unexplored. A wide variety of proteins secreted in the male reproductive tract tissues contribute to spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, fertilization and innate immunity. However, the presence of UPKs and their possible contribution to the male reproductive tract physiology is not yet reported. Hence, in this study, we characterized UPKs in the male reproductive tract of rats. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we report the expression of UPKs in the male reproductive system. Upk1a, Upk1b, Upk2 and Upk3b mRNA and their corresponding proteins were abundantly expressed in the caput, cauda, testis, seminal vesicles and the prostate. Their expression was not developmentally regulated. UPK protein expression was also localized on the spermatozoa, suggesting a role for these proteins in sperm function. To study the role of UPKs in innate immunity, Upk mRNA expression in response to endotoxin challenge was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In the rat testicular and epididymal cell lines, Upk mRNA levels increased in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. However, in the caput, cauda, testes, seminal vesicle and prostate obtained from LPS treated rats, Upk mRNA expression was significantly reduced. Results of this study indicate a role for UPKs in male reproductive physiology and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Li R, Zhou S, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Fang J, Liu P, Wang Y, Chang X, Zhang Y, Tang L, Zhou Z. Low dose of flurochloridone affected reproductive system of male rats but not fertility and early embryonic development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:64. [PMID: 31387587 PMCID: PMC6685282 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorochloridone (FLC) is a widely used herbicide, and its target organs are testes and epididymides. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals classified FLC as Level 2-possibly cause fertility or fetal damage (no relevant data support). The maximum residue levels of FLC in processed crops have been reviewed in the latest European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) report in 2018. However, the toxic effect of FLC on fertility and early embryonic development is limited, and the health risk assessment of FLC needs further consideration. This study investigated the potential effects of FLC on fertility and early embryonic development in rats. METHODS One hundred rats of each sex were divided into four groups including three FLC-treated groups at doses of 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, and a vehicle control group (0.5% (w/v) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Male and female rats were dosed for 9 and 2 consecutive weeks, intragastrically, prior to cohabitation and lasted throughout the mating period for males and continued until Gestation Day 7 (GD7) for females. Parameters such as weights and coefficients of reproductive organs, epididymal sperm number and motility, indexes of copulation, fecundity and fertility indexes, mating period, estrous cycle, corporalutea number, implantations, live, dead and resorbed fetuses, preimplantation loss rate, and postimplantation loss rate were observed in this study. RESULTS Obvious toxicity of male reproductive system was found at the dose of 15 mg/kg including decreases in testicular and epididymal weight, also in sperm motility rate. Whereas the increase in sperm abnormality rate was observed. However, no significant effects of FLC were found on lutea count, implantations count, fetuses count and weight, live fetuses count (rate), dead fetuses count (rate), resorbed fetuses count (rate), placentas weight, fetuses gender, preimplantation loss (rate) and postimplantation loss (rate). Furthermore, FLC had no adverse effects on fertility and early embryonic development in rats. CONCLUSION The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of FLC on fertility and early embryonic development in rats was considered to be 5 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Pan S, D'Amico MJ, Munarriz R. Surgical management of retained needle in a transgender woman's phallus. Can J Urol 2019; 26:9867-9870. [PMID: 31469645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracavernosal self-injection (ICI) is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction. A rare but serious complication is needle breakage. We report an unusual case of a 51-year-old transgender female patient who did not desire gender-affirming surgery, and used ICI to treat her longstanding erectile dysfunction. She presented to the emergency department 2 months after needle breakage during ICI, and was subsequently successfully treated with intraoperative fluoroscopy and needle fragment extraction. It is important to recognize transgender patients may desire to preserve sexual function, and for providers to engage in discussion surrounding sexual health throughout treatment for gender dysphoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Pan
- Department of Urology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Arzuaga X, Smith MT, Gibbons CF, Skakkebæk NE, Yost EE, Beverly BEJ, Hotchkiss AK, Hauser R, Pagani RL, Schrader SM, Zeise L, Prins GS. Proposed Key Characteristics of Male Reproductive Toxicants as an Approach for Organizing and Evaluating Mechanistic Evidence in Human Health Hazard Assessments. Environ Health Perspect 2019; 127:65001. [PMID: 31199676 PMCID: PMC6792367 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing chemicals for their potential to cause male reproductive toxicity involves the evaluation of evidence obtained from experimental, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies. Although mechanistic evidence plays an important role in hazard identification and evidence integration, the process of identifying, screening and analyzing mechanistic studies and outcomes is a challenging exercise due to the diversity of research models and methods and the variety of known and proposed pathways for chemical-induced toxicity. Ten key characteristics of carcinogens provide a valuable tool for organizing and assessing chemical-specific data by potential mechanisms for cancer-causing agents. However, such an approach has not yet been developed for noncancer adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES The objective in this study was to identify a set of key characteristics that are frequently exhibited by exogenous agents that cause male reproductive toxicity and that could be applied for identifying, organizing, and summarizing mechanistic evidence related to this outcome. DISCUSSION The identification of eight key characteristics of male reproductive toxicants was based on a survey of known male reproductive toxicants and established mechanisms and pathways of toxicity. The eight key characteristics can provide a basis for the systematic, transparent, and objective organization of mechanistic evidence relevant to chemical-induced effects on the male reproductive system. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Arzuaga
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Catherine F. Gibbons
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Niels E. Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erin E. Yost
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brandiese E. J. Beverly
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andrew K. Hotchkiss
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodrigo L. Pagani
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven M. Schrader
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (retired)
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Barakat R, Seymore T, Lin PCP, Park CJ, Ko CJ. Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture disrupts testicular steroidogenesis in adult male mice. Environ Res 2019; 172:194-201. [PMID: 30802670 PMCID: PMC6511329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment are considered to be a contributing factor to the decline in the sperm quality. With growing evidence of the harmful effects of EDCs on the male reproductive system, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture adversely affects reproductive outcomes and androgen synthesis. In this study, an environmentally relevant composition of phthalates (15% DiNP, 21% DEHP, 36% DEP, 15% DBP, 8% DiBP, and 5% BBzP) that were detected in urine samples of pregnant women in Illinois, United States, was used. Pregnant CD-1 mice (F0) were orally dosed with a vehicle or the phthalate mixtures (20 µg/kg/day, 200 µg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, or 500 mg/kg/day) from gestational day 10.5 to the day of birth. Then, the indices of the reproductive function of the F1 males born to these dams were assessed. Those male mice prenatally exposed to the phthalate mixture had smaller gonads, prostates and seminal vesicles, especially in the 20 µg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day phthalate mixture groups, compared to the controls. Importantly, at the age of 12 months, those prenatally exposed mice had significantly lower serum testosterone concentrations accompanied by the decreased mRNA expression of testicular steroidogenic genes (StAR, Cyp11, and Cyp17) and impaired spermatogenesis. Taken together, this study found that prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of a phthalate mixture caused a life-long impact on the reproduction in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Talia Seymore
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Po-Ching Patrick Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chan Jin Park
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - CheMyong Jay Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Manservisi F, Lesseur C, Panzacchi S, Mandrioli D, Falcioni L, Bua L, Manservigi M, Spinaci M, Galeati G, Mantovani A, Lorenzetti S, Miglio R, Andrade AM, Kristensen DM, Perry MJ, Swan SH, Chen J, Belpoggi F. The Ramazzini Institute 13-week pilot study glyphosate-based herbicides administered at human-equivalent dose to Sprague Dawley rats: effects on development and endocrine system. Environ Health 2019; 18:15. [PMID: 30857531 PMCID: PMC6413565 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are broad-spectrum herbicides that act on the shikimate pathway in bacteria, fungi, and plants. The possible effects of GBHs on human health are the subject of an intense public debate for both its potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, including potential effects on the endocrine system The present pilot study examine whether exposure to GBHs at the dose of glyphosate considered to be "safe" (the US Acceptable Daily Intake - ADI - of 1.75 mg/kg bw/day), starting from in utero life, affect the development and endocrine system across different life stages in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Glyphosate alone and Roundup Bioflow, a commercial brand of GBHs, were administered in drinking water at 1.75 mg/kg bw/day to F0 dams starting from the gestational day (GD) 6 (in utero) up to postnatal day (PND) 120. After weaning, offspring were randomly distributed in two cohorts: 8 M + 8F/group animals belonging to the 6-week cohort were sacrificed after puberty at PND 73 ± 2; 10 M + 10F/group animals belonging to the 13-week cohort were sacrificed at adulthood at PND 125 ± 2. Effects of glyphosate or Roundup exposure were assessed on developmental landmarks and sexual characteristics of pups. RESULTS In pups, anogenital distance (AGD) at PND 4 was statistically significantly increased both in Roundup-treated males and females and in glyphosate-treated males. Age at first estrous (FE) was significantly delayed in the Roundup-exposed group and serum testosterone concentration significantly increased in Roundup-treated female offspring from the 13-week cohort compared to control animals. A statistically significant increase in plasma TSH concentration was observed in glyphosate-treated males compared with control animals as well as a statistically significant decrease in DHT and increase in BDNF in Roundup-treated males. Hormonal status imbalances were more pronounced in Roundup-treated rats after prolonged exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present pilot study demonstrate that GBHs exposure, from prenatal period to adulthood, induced endocrine effects and altered reproductive developmental parameters in male and female SD rats. In particular, it was associated with androgen-like effects, including a statistically significant increase of AGDs in both males and females, delay of FE and increased testosterone in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Simona Panzacchi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Falcioni
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Bua
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Manservigi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglio
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anderson Martino Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - David Møbjerg Kristensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy.
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Fathi N, Hoseinipanah SM, Alizadeh Z, Assari MJ, Moghimbeigi A, Mortazavi M, Hosseini MH, Bahmanzadeh M. The effect of silver nanoparticles on the reproductive system of adult male rats: A morphological, histological and DNA integrity study. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2019; 28:299-305. [PMID: 30170485 DOI: 10.17219/acem/81607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are more often used in various products, and consequently the potential deleterious effects associated with exposure to them are of concern. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the toxicity of AgNPs affects different organs and leads to some side effects, including weight loss, inflammation and cell death. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of AgNPs on sperm parameters and testicular histology. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, 28 male adult Wistar rats were categorized into a control group and 3 experimental groups (AgNP-1, AgNP-2 and AgNP-3), intraperitoneally (i.p.) receiving 30, 125 and 300 mg/kg of AgNPs, respectively. Twenty-eight days after injection the epididymes and the testes of each rat were dissected in order to evaluate sperm parameters, sperm chromatin integrity and histomorphometric changes in the testicular tissue. RESULTS The results showed a significant decrease in sperm count (p < 0.0001), vitality (p < 0.05) and morphology changes (p < 0.001) in the group receiving 300 mg/kg of AgNPs compared to the control group. A significant decrease was also observed in the number of spermatogonia, Sertoli and Leydig cells in the AgNP-2 and AgNP-3 groups (p < 0.05). The evaluation of sperm chromatin did not show any significant differences among the experimental groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data showed some dose-dependent adverse effects of AgNPs on sperm and seminiferous tubules. More experimental investigations are necessary to draw better conclusions regarding the safety of nanoparticles (NPs) on the male reproduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Fathi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Alizadeh
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Assari
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Motahare Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Morteza Haji Hosseini
- Birjand Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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26
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Zheng R, Zhang Y, Fang C, Chen M, Hong F, Bo J. Joint effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of nonylphenol and cadmium on the reproductive functions in male rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:25-32. [PMID: 30315922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) and Cadmium (Cd) are two common contaminants that can be detected in aquatic environments. Nevertheless, the combined toxicity of NP and Cd at environmentally relevant concentrations in aquatic organisms has not been thoroughly characterized to date. In the present study, the interactions between NP and Cd on male Sebastiscus marmoratus were studied. After 21 days of exposure, the brain aromatase activity was observed to be significantly induced by 100 ng/L NP and 40 μg/L Cd, whereas all of the concentrations of co-treatment resulted in an increase in brain aromatase activity. Additionally, NP could also reduce plasma testosterone concentration, while NP, Cd and their mixture could induce plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration and VTG concentration. The interactions between NP and Cd on the reproductive physiology were antagonism. Our results also support the notion of using these indicators as biomarkers for exposure to EDCs and further extend the boundary of biomonitoring to environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Zheng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Chao Fang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Fukun Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Jun Bo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China.
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Sudirman S, Hsu YH, Johnson A, Tsou D, Kong ZL. Amelioration effects of nanoencapsulated triterpenoids from petri dish-cultured Antrodia cinnamomea on reproductive function of diabetic male rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5059-5073. [PMID: 30233173 PMCID: PMC6129015 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanoencapsulated triterpenoids from petri dish-cultured Antrodia cinnamomea (PAC) and its amelioration effects on reproductive function in diabetic rats were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS PAC encapsulated in silica-chitosan nanoparticles (Nano-PAC) was prepared by the biosilicification method. The diabetic condition in male Sprague Dawley rats was induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). Three different doses of Nano-PAC (4, 8, and 20 mg/kg) were administered for 6 weeks. Metformin and control of nanoparticles (Nano-con) were taken as positive and negative controls, respectively. RESULTS The average particle size was ~79.46±1.63 nm, and encapsulation efficiency was ~73.35%±0.09%. Nano-PAC administration improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In addition, Nano-PAC ameliorated the morphology of testicular seminiferous tubules, sperm morphology, motility, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant, as well as testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were increased, whereas proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ were decreased. CONCLUSION In the present study, we successfully nanoencapsulated PAC and found that a very low dosage of Nano-PAC exhibited amelioration effects on the reproductive function of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Sudirman
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Yuan-Hua Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China,
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Ilgın S, Aydoğan-Kılıç G, Baysal M, Kılıç V, Ardıç M, Uçarcan Ş, Atlı Ö. Toxic Effects of Trazodone on Male Reproductive System via Disrupting Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis and Inducing Testicular Oxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:7196142. [PMID: 30151072 PMCID: PMC6087606 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7196142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are recognized as public health problems. Epidemiological studies have shown that depression and anxiety often occur during reproductive ages between 20 and 60 years of age in males. Trazodone is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Drugs used in repeated doses also play a role in the etiology of infertility. In our study, it was aimed to identify the possible toxic effects of trazodone on male rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Vehicle or trazodone (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats for 28 consecutive days (n = 8 per group). At the end of that period, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA damage were determined and testicular morphology was assessed histopathologically in rats. Additionally, we investigated hormonal status by determining serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels and oxidative stress by determining glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in testicular tissue to elucidate mechanisms of possible reproductive toxicity. According to our results, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology were decreased; sperm DNA damage was increased in trazodone-administered groups. Degenerative findings on the testicular structure were observed after trazodone administration in rats. Additionally, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were elevated in the trazodone-administered groups. Increased MDA levels were the signs of enhanced oxidative stress after trazodone administration in testis tissues. Thus, we concluded that trazodone induced reproductive toxicity in male rats; this reproductive toxicity was accompanied by oxidative stress and hormonal changes, which are considered as important causes of reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Ilgın
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gözde Aydoğan-Kılıç
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Merve Baysal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Kılıç
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mina Ardıç
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Uçarcan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Zhou HY, Mo XG, Zou XH, Hu BL. [Impact of inhaled anesthetics on the male reproductive system and its mechanisms: An update]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2018; 24:272-276. [PMID: 30161316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The safety of occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics remains a concern among the medical staff in hospitals. Few reports are seen about the impact of inhaled anesthetics on the reproductive system, particularly that of males. Several clinical and basic studies on isoflurane and others suggest that inhaled anesthetics affect the reproductive system of rodents by decreasing the sperm count, inducing sperm morphological abnormality, reducing sperm motility, and changing the levels of reproductive hormones, the underlying mechanisms of which are mainly associated with the alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and DNA damage and apoptosis of reproductive cells. This article reviews the main impacts of inhaled anesthetics on the male reproductive system and the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guzhou 550004, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guzhou 550004, China
| | - Xian-Gang Mo
- General Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guzhou 550004, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guzhou 550004, China
| | - Bai-Long Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guzhou 550004, China
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Dorman DC, Chiu W, Hales BF, Hauser R, Johnson KJ, Mantus E, Martel S, Robinson KA, Rooney AA, Rudel R, Sathyanarayana S, Schantz SL, Waters KM. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human and animal evidence of prenatal diethylhexyl phthalate exposure and changes in male anogenital distance. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2018; 21:207-226. [PMID: 30199328 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1505354.systematic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive alterations found in animals and humans following in utero phthalate exposure include decreased anogenital distance (AGD) and other reproductive-tract malformations. The aim of this investigation was to conduct systematic reviews of human and animal evidence of the effect of in utero exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on anogenital distance (AGD) in males. PubMed, Embase, and Toxline were searched for relevant human and experimental animal studies on August 15, 2016. Search results were screened for relevance, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality and data extracted for analysis. Confidence in the human and animal bodies of evidence was assessed and hazard conclusions reached by integrating evidence streams. The search yielded 6 relevant human studies and 19 animal studies. Meta-analysis of 5 human observational prospective cohort studies showed that increased maternal urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites were associated with decreased AGD in boys (-4.07 [CI, -6.49 to -1.66] % decrease per log10 rise in DEHP metabolites). Meta-analysis and meta-regression of the 19 experimental animal studies found reduced AGD with DEHP treatment, with a dose-response gradient, and with heterogeneity explained by species and strain. There is a moderate level of evidence from human investigations and a high level of data from animal studies that in utero exposure to DEHP decreases AGD. Based upon the available human and animal evidence, and consideration of mechanistic data, DEHP is presumed to be a reproductive hazard to humans on the basis of effects on AGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Dorman
- a Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Weihsueh Chiu
- b Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Barbara F Hales
- c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- d Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Kamin J Johnson
- e Predictive Safety Center , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , MI , USA
| | - Ellen Mantus
- f Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology at the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering, and Medicine , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Susan Martel
- f Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology at the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering, and Medicine , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Karen A Robinson
- g Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- h Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- j Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- k Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Katrina M Waters
- l Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA , USA
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Wenzel AG, Bloom MS, Butts CD, Wineland RJ, Brock JW, Cruze L, Unal ER, Kucklick JR, Somerville SE, Newman RB. Influence of race on prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital measurements among boys and girls. Environ Int 2018; 110:61-70. [PMID: 29097052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Select phthalates have antiandrogenic activity, which raises concern for adverse developmental outcomes given widespread exposure of pregnant women. Investigators have reported associations between maternal urinary phthalates and altered anogenital distance (AGD), a marker of in utero androgen activity, among offspring. However, data assessing the impact of race on these associations is sparse. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and AGD in a racially diverse newborn population. METHODS We prospectively collected second trimester urine from 187 African American and 193 white mothers, and used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure eight phthalate metabolites and calculate molar sums. We measured anopenile (APD) and anoscrotal (ASD) distances of 171 boys and anoclitoral (ACD) and anofourchette (AFD) distances of 128 girls at delivery. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data from questionnaires and delivery records. RESULTS We identified a statistically significant inverse association for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and APD in boys (B=-1.57mm, p=0.02), which was stronger for African Americans (B=-2.07mm, p=0.04) than for whites (B=-1.23mm, p=0.22), although the racial interaction was not statistically significant (p=0.56). We found a longer ASD for higher molar sums of dibutyl phthalate (∑DBP; B=0.99mm, p=0.04), with stronger associations for whites (B=1.30mm, p=0.04) than for African Americans (B=0.39mm, p=0.59), again without a statistically significant racial interaction (p=0.34). Among girls, we found inverse associations for tertiles of MEHP with AFD and ACD, and statistically significant race-based interactions, in which ACD was longer for whites and shorter for African Americans, following exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP; p=0.01) and ∑DBP (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest race and sex play important roles in phthalate-associated reproductive developmental toxicity, with important implications for designing future investigations and health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby G Wenzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | - Celeste D Butts
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wineland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John W Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen E Somerville
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Dorman DC, Chiu W, Hales BF, Hauser R, Johnson KJ, Mantus E, Martel S, Robinson KA, Rooney AA, Rudel R, Sathyanarayana S, Schantz SL, Waters KM. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human and animal evidence of prenatal diethylhexyl phthalate exposure and changes in male anogenital distance. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2018; 21:207-226. [PMID: 30199328 PMCID: PMC6786271 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1505354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive alterations found in animals and humans following in utero phthalate exposure include decreased anogenital distance (AGD) and other reproductive-tract malformations. The aim of this investigation was to conduct systematic reviews of human and animal evidence of the effect of in utero exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on anogenital distance (AGD) in males. PubMed, Embase, and Toxline were searched for relevant human and experimental animal studies on August 15, 2016. Search results were screened for relevance, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality and data extracted for analysis. Confidence in the human and animal bodies of evidence was assessed and hazard conclusions reached by integrating evidence streams. The search yielded 6 relevant human studies and 19 animal studies. Meta-analysis of 5 human observational prospective cohort studies showed that increased maternal urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites were associated with decreased AGD in boys (-4.07 [CI, -6.49 to -1.66] % decrease per log10 rise in DEHP metabolites). Meta-analysis and meta-regression of the 19 experimental animal studies found reduced AGD with DEHP treatment, with a dose-response gradient, and with heterogeneity explained by species and strain. There is a moderate level of evidence from human investigations and a high level of data from animal studies that in utero exposure to DEHP decreases AGD. Based upon the available human and animal evidence, and consideration of mechanistic data, DEHP is presumed to be a reproductive hazard to humans on the basis of effects on AGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Dorman
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Barbara F. Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamin J. Johnson
- Predictive Safety Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | - Ellen Mantus
- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susan Martel
- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karen A. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L. Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Fujinaga D, Kohmura Y, Okamoto N, Kataoka H, Mizoguchi A. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptide and 20-hydroxyecdysone regulate the growth and development of the male genital disk through different mechanisms in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 87:35-44. [PMID: 28610907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that ecdysteroids play pivotal roles in the regulation of insect molting and metamorphosis. However, the mechanisms by which ecdysteroids regulate the growth and development of adult organs after pupation are poorly understood. Recently, we have identified insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptides (IGFLPs), which are secreted after pupation under the control of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). In the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, massive amounts of Bombyx-IGFLP (BIGFLP) are present in the hemolymph during pupal-adult development, suggesting its importance in the regulation of adult tissue growth. Thus, we hypothesized that the growth and development of adult tissues including imaginal disks are regulated by the combined effects of BIGFLP and 20E. In this study, we investigated the growth-promoting effects of BIGFLP and 20E using the male genital disks of B. mori cultured ex vivo, and further analyzed the cell signaling pathways mediating hormone actions. We demonstrate that 20E induces the elongation of genital disks, that both hormones stimulate protein synthesis in an additive manner, and that BIGFLP and 20E exert their effects through the insulin/IGF signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, respectively. These results show that the growth and development of the genital disk are coordinately regulated by both BIGFLP and 20E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Fujinaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kohmura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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Mogensen DM, Pihl MB, Skakkebæk NE, Andersen HR, Juul A, Kyhl HB, Swan S, Kristensen DM, Andersen MS, Lind DV, Jensen TK. Prenatal exposure to antifungal medication may change anogenital distance in male offspring: a preliminary study. Environ Health 2017; 16:68. [PMID: 28637461 PMCID: PMC5480178 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal candidiasis is frequent among pregnant women and it is treated with anti-fungal medication (conazoles). Conazoles have anti-androgenic properties and prenatal exposure in rodents is associated with a shorter (less masculine) anogenital distance (AGD) in male offspring. To our knowledge this has never been studied in humans. METHOD In the Odense Child Cohort pregnant women residing in Odense municipality, Denmark, were recruited at gestational age 8-16 weeks between 2010 and 2012. Of the eligible 2421 mother-child pairs, 812 mother-son pairs were included. Questionnaire data on medicine use were collected in first and third trimester and physical examination at age 3 month was performed. Ano-scrotal distance; measured from the centre of anus to the posterior base of scrotum (AGDas). Ano-cephalad distance; measured from the centre of anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDap) and penile width; measured at the base of the penis. RESULTS Eighty seven women had used antifungal medicine during pregnancy. Maternal use of oral fluconazole (n = 4) was associated with a 6.4 mm shorter AGDas (95% CI: -11.9;-0.9) in the male offspring. Use of antifungal vaginal tablets (n = 21), was associated with a non-significantly shorter AGDas (-1.9 mm; 95% CI: -4.3; 0.5) whereas exposure to vaginal cream (n = 23) was not associated to AGDas. Use of antifungal medicine in the window of genital development between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation was associated with a larger reduction in AGDas than exposure outside this window. Antifungal medicine intake was not associated with AGDap and penil width. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings prompted us to hypothesize that maternal use of conazole antifungal medication during pregnancy may affect the masculinization of male offspring. If confirmed, pregnant women should be advised to use antifungal medicine with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamilla Madelung Mogensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Bergkvist Pihl
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Niels E. Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - David Møbjerg Kristensen
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Vesterholm Lind
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Ding H, Zheng W, Han H, Hu X, Hu B, Wang F, Su L, Li H, Li Y. Reproductive toxicity of linuron following gestational exposure in rats and underlying mechanisms. Toxicol Lett 2017; 266:49-55. [PMID: 28007637 PMCID: PMC5697898 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Linuron is a widely used herbicide in agriculture; its endocrine disruptive toxicity has recently received public attention. This study was designed to examine the developmental toxicity of linuron on the reproductive system of male offspring following maternal exposure. Mother rats received oral gavages of linuron, once daily, at the dose of 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200mg/kg, from gestational day (GD)13 to GD18; gonadal organs from GD20 fetuses were examined. Data indicated that exposed male offspring had a significantly shortened anogenital distance. Pathological examination further revealed a lack of fusion in the urogenital fold in treated fetuses, the damaged seminiferous tubules, and the injured Leydig cell ultrastructure. Analysis of serum testosterone concentrations at postnatal day (PND)2 showed a significant dose-related reduction (about 33.7-58.75%, r=-0.838, p<0.05) as compared to controls. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated a significantly reduced expression of enzymes pertinent to the testosterone production including P450scc, 3β-HSD, and PCNA in Leydig cells (p<0.05). qPCR studies confirmed decreased levels of mRNAs encoding P450scc, 3β-HSD and PCNA (p<0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that maternal exposure to linuron hampers the male gonadal organ development; this appears to be due to linuron's direct action on the production of testosterone in fetal and postnatal offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ding
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiyin Hu
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Binli Hu
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Liyu Su
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China.
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Marouani N, Tebourbi O, Cherif D, Hallegue D, Yacoubi MT, Sakly M, Benkhalifa M, Ben Rhouma K. Effects of oral administration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:519-526. [PMID: 27734311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used worldwide in agriculture as a selective herbicide. It has been shown to produce a wide range of adverse effects on the health of both animals and humans from embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to neurotoxicity. In the present study, we have examined the effect of 2,4-D on male reproductive function of rats. Male Wistar rats received daily by force-feeding 100 or 200 mg of 2,4-D/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days. Rats exposed to 100 and 200 mg of 2,4-D/kg showed a significant decrease in body weights only after 24 days of treatment and in relative weights of testis, seminal vesicles and prostate at killing day, when compared with controls. Moreover, a decrease in testosterone and an increase in FSH and LH serum levels were detected in treated rats. Besides, exposure to this herbicide induced pronounced testicular histological alterations with enlarged intracellular spaces, tissue loosening and dramatic loss of gametes in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. In addition, a decreased motility and a number of epididymal spermatozoa with an increased sperm abnormality rate were found in treated rats in comparison with control. With the highest dose, histological observations of seminal vesicles indicated a considerable decrease of secretions in the lumen, a thinness of the muscle layer surrounding the epithelium with branched mucosal crypts and reduced luminal space. In prostate, the heights of the cells decreased while acinar lumen were enlarged and they lost the typical invaginations. Our results suggest that a subacute treatment of 2,4-D promotes reproductive system toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Marouani
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Carthage University, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tebourbi
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Carthage University, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Donia Cherif
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Carthage University, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Hallegue
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Carthage University, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Tahar Yacoubi
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Carthage University, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Benkhalifa
- Reproductive Medicine and Medical Cytogenetics Department, University Hospital, Amiens, France
- School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Khemais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Carthage University, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
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Khan F, Niaz K, Ismail Hassan F, Abdollahi M. An evidence-based review of the genotoxic and reproductive effects of sulfur mustard. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1143-1156. [PMID: 28032143 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which is cytotoxic in nature, and at the molecular level, SM acts as DNA alkylating agent leading to genotoxic and reproductive effects. Mostly, the exposed areas of the body are the main targets for SM; however, it also adversely affects various tissues of the body and ultimately exhibits long-term complications including genotoxic and reproductive effects, even in the next generations. The effect of SM on reproductive system is the reason behind male infertility. The chronic genotoxic and reproductive complications of SM have been observed in the next generation, such as reproductive hormones disturbances, testicular atrophy, deficiency of sperm cells, retarded growth of sperm and male infertility. SM exerts toxic effects through various mechanisms causing reproductive dysfunction. The key mechanisms include DNA alkylation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) depletion. However, the exact molecular mechanism of such long-term effects of SM is still unclear. In general, DNA damage, cell death and defects in the cell membrane are frequently observed in SM-exposed individuals. SM can activate various cellular and molecular mechanisms related to oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory responses throughout the reproductive system, which can cause decreased spermatogenesis and impaired sperm quality via damage to tissue function and structure. Moreover, the toxic effects of SM on the reproductive system as well as the occurrence of male infertility among exposed war troopers in the late exposure phase is still uncertain. The chronic effects of SM exposure in parents can cause congenital defects in their children. In this review, we aimed to investigate chronic genotoxic and reproductive effects of SM and their molecular mechanisms in the next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Kamal Niaz
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
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Hughes CL, Liu G, Beall S, Foster WG, Davis V. Effects of Genistein or Soy Milk During Late Gestation and Lactation on Adult Uterine Organization in the Rat. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:108-17. [PMID: 14709783 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero and lactational exposure to estrogenic agents has been shown to influence morphological and functional development of reproductive tissues. Thus, consumption of dietary phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, during pregnancy and lactation could influence important periods of development, when the fetus and neonate are more sensitive to estrogen exposure. In this study, reproductive outcomes after developmental exposure to isoflavones were examined in Long-Evans rats maternally exposed to isoflavones via a commercial soy beverage or as the isolated isoflavone, genistein. Most reproductive end-points examined at birth, weaning, and 2 months of age were not significantly modified in pups of either sex after lactational exposure to soy milk (provided to the dams in place of drinking water) from birth until weaning. However, soy milk exposure induced a significant increase in progesterone receptor (PR) in the uterine glandular epithelium of the 2-month-old pups. In pregnant dams treated with genistein (GEN; 15 mg/kg body weight) by gavage, from Gestational Day 14 through weaning, PR expression in the uterine glandular epithelium from 2-month-old GEN-treated females (postexposure) was also significantly increased. Diethylstilbesterol (DES) also stimulated uterine PR expression only in the glandular but not luminal epithelial cells. However, unlike DES, in utero/lactational exposure to GEN did not increase expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), in the luminal epithelial cells of the 2-month-old rat uteri. These experiments demonstrate that developmental exposure to dietary isoflavones, at levels comparable to the ranges of human exposure, modify expression of the estrogen-regulated PR in the uterus of sexually mature rats weeks after exposure ended. Since the PR is essential for regulating key female reproductive processes, such as uterine proliferation, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy, its increased expression suggests that soy phytoestrogen exposure during reproductive development may have long-term reproductive health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude L Hughes
- Department of Medical and Scientific Services, Quintiles, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Yoshida S, Ichinose T, Arashidani K, He M, Takano H, Shibamoto T. Effects of Fetal Exposure to Asian Sand Dust on Development and Reproduction in Male Offspring. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13111173. [PMID: 27886111 PMCID: PMC5129382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent experimental studies, we reported the aggravating effects of Asian sand dust (ASD) on male reproduction in mice. However, the effects of fetal ASD exposure on male reproduction have not been investigated. The present study investigated the effects of fetal ASD exposure on reproduction in male offspring. Using pregnant CD-1 mice, ASD was administered intratracheally on days 7 and 14 of gestation, and the reproduction of male offspring was determined at 5, 10, and 15 weeks after birth. The secondary sex ratio was significantly lower in the fetal ASD-exposed mice than in the controls. Histologic examination showed partial vacuolation of seminiferous tubules in immature mice. Moreover, daily sperm production (DSP) was significantly less in the fetal ASD-exposed mice than in the controls. DSP in the fetal ASD-exposed mice was approximately 10% less than the controls at both 5 and 10 weeks. However, both the histologic changes and the DSP decrease were reversed as the mice matured. These findings suggest that ASD exposure affects both the fetal development and the reproduction of male offspring. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify the onset mechanisms of ASD-induced male fetus death and male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Yoshida
- Department of Health and Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 870-1201, Japan.
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health and Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 870-1201, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Arashidani
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Miao He
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shibamoto
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
Phthalates are chemicals used in many industrial products (plastic toys, shampoos, soaps), and are suspected of inducing adverse effects on the male reproductive system. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on the reproductive function and sexual behavior of male offspring rats, exposed in utero and during lactation (0, 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg per day by gavage). The effects produced clearly demonstrate the ability of DEHP to disrupt the androgen-regulated development of the male reproductive tract. Absolute and relative weights of androgen-dependent tissue organs (ventral prostate and seminal vesicle) were significantly reduced at the highest dose level tested (500 mg/kg per day). Impairment of male sexual behavior (500 mg/kg per day) was also observed. Moreover, the reduction in daily sperm production and epididymal sperm counts observed after administration of the highest dose suggests an impairment of the spermatogenic processes. Most of the adverse effects reported here were observed both during puberty and during adulthood, indicating permanent effects of in utero and lactational DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Dalsenter
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR, Brazil.
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Barlow NJ, McIntyre BS, Foster PMD. Male Reproductive Tract Lesions at 6, 12, and 18 Months of Age Following in Utero Exposure to Di(n-butyl) Phthalate. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:79-90. [PMID: 14713552 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490265894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure of male rats to the antiandrogen di( n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) leads to decreased anogenital distance (AGD) on postnatal day (PND) 1, increased areolae retention on PND 13, malformations in the male reproductive tract, and histologic testicular lesions including marked seminiferous epithelial degeneration and a low incidence of Leydig cell (LC) adenomas on PND 90. One objective of this study was to determine the incidence and persistence of decreased AGD, increased areolae retention, and LC adenomas in adult rats following in utero DBP exposure. A second objective was to determine whether AGD and areolae retention during the early postnatal period are associated with lesions in the male reproductive tract. Pregnant Crl:CD(SD)BR rats were gavaged with corn oil or DBP at 100 or 500 mg/kg/day, 10 dams per group. Three replicates of rats (n = 30 rats per replicate) were exposed from gestation day 12 to 21 and the male offspring allowed to mature to 6, 12, or 18 months of age. Gross malformations in the male reproductive tract and histologic lesions in the testes were similar to those previously described. However, testicular dysgenesis, a lesion of proliferating LCs and aberrant tubules that has not been previously described in DBP-exposed testes, was diagnosed. The incidence of this lesion was approximately 20% unilateral and 7—18% bilateral in the high-dose group and was similar among all ages examined, implicating a developmental alteration rather than an age-related change. AGD and areolae retention were found to be permanent changes following in utero exposure to 500 mg/kg/day of DBP. Decreased AGD was a sensitive predictor of lesions in the male reproductive tract, relatively small changes in AGD were associated with a significant incidence of male reproductive malformations. In utero DBP exposure induced proliferative developmental lesions, some of which would have been diagnosed as LC adenomas by the morphological criteria set forth by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology. However, these lesions were dissimilar to traditional LC adenomas as the LCs were poorly differentiated and the lesions contained aberrant seminiferous tubules. While the morphology and incidence of this DBP-induced testicular developmental lesion has been fully characterized by this study, the detailed pathogenesis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Barlow
- CIIT Centers for Health Research, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Phthalate esters containing a straight-chain backbone of 4–6 carbons have demonstrated testicular toxicity and infertility in adult and pre-adolescent rats, mice, hamsters, and ferrets. In recent years, these same phthalates have been shown to interfere with the normal development of the male reproductive tract in rodents and rabbits. The review presented here summarizes studies that provide evidence of a mode of action for these effects. The data indicate that C4–C6 phthalate esters inhibit processes in the Leydig cell, such as the synthesis of testosterone (T) and production of insulin-like factor 3 (insl3), both of which are required for normal development of male genitalia. A proposed secondary effect of reduced androgen production is on Sertoli cells, resulting in failure to proliferate and interference with cell-cell communication (gap-junction intracellular communication) leading to the development of large multinucleate gonocytes. The possibility that phthalates act directly on the Sertoli cells to interfere with intracellular communication is not excluded. The strength, consistency, and plausibility of the proposed mode of action and alternate modes of action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M David
- K&D Scientific Consulting, Inc., Pittsford, New York 14534, USA.
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Patrick SM, Bornman MS, Joubert AM, Pitts N, Naidoo V, de Jager C. Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors, including insecticides used for malaria vector control on reproductive parameters of male rats. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 61:19-27. [PMID: 26928317 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The male reproductive system is sensitive to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical developmental windows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in utero-, during lactation- and directly to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and a mixture of DDT, deltamethrin (DM), p-nonylphenol (p-NP) and phytoestrogens, at concentrations found in a malaria-area. After dosing for 104 days, histological assessments and reproductive-endpoints were assessed. The anogenital distance (AGD) (P=0.005) was shorter in the mixture-exposed group, while the prostate mass (P=0.018) was higher in the DDT-exposed group. A higher testicular mass and abnormal histology was observed in the DDT-(P=0.019), DDE-(P=0.047) and mixture-exposed (P<0.005) groups. This study shows that in utero-, lactational- and direct exposure to EDCs present in a malaria-area negatively affects male reproductive parameters in rats. These findings raise concerns to EDC-exposures to mothers living in malaria-areas and the reproductive health of their male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Patrick
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria Center for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP CSMC), South Africa
| | - Maria S Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria Center for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP CSMC), South Africa
| | - Annie M Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Neville Pitts
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- University of Pretoria Center for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP CSMC), South Africa; Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christiaan de Jager
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria Center for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP CSMC), South Africa.
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Adibi JJ, Lee MK, Naimi AI, Barrett E, Nguyen RH, Sathyanarayana S, Zhao Y, Thiet MP, Redmon JB, Swan SH. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Partially Mediates Phthalate Association With Male and Female Anogenital Distance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015. [PMID: 26200238 PMCID: PMC4570159 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prenatal exposure to phthalates disrupts male sex development in rodents. In humans, the placental glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is required for male development, and may be a target of phthalate exposure. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that phthalates disrupt placental hCG differentially in males and females with consequences for sexually dimorphic genital development. DESIGN The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES) is a prospective birth cohort. Pregnant women were enrolled from 2010-2012 at four university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Participants were TIDES subjects (n = 541) for whom genital and phthalate measurements were available and who underwent prenatal serum screening in the first or second trimester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included hCG levels in maternal serum in the first and second trimesters and anogenital distance (AGD), which is the distance from the anus to the genitals in male and female neonates. RESULTS Higher first-trimester urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP; P = .01), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP; P = .03), and mono-carboxy-isooctyl phthalate (P < .01) were associated with higher first-trimester hCG in women carrying female fetuses, and lower hCG in women carrying males. First-trimester hCG was positively correlated with the AGD z score in female neonates, and inversely correlated in males (P = 0.01). We measured significant associations of MnBP (P < .01), MBzP (P = .02), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; P < .01) with AGD, after adjusting for sex differences. Approximately 52% (MnBP) and 25% (MEHP) of this association in males, and 78% in females (MBzP), could be attributed to the phthalate association with hCG. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester hCG levels, normalized by fetal sex, may reflect sexually dimorphic action of phthalates on placental function and on genital development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ashley I Naimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ruby H Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Mari-Paule Thiet
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - J Bruce Redmon
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
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Fernandes NF, Martino-Andrade AJ, Dos Santos Lourenço AC, Muller JC, Spercoski KM, Nihi F, Miguel MD, de Oliveira VB, Dalsenter PR, Morais RN. Supplementation with Pfaffia glomerata (Sprengel) Pedersen does not affect androgenic-anabolic parameters in male rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 161:46-52. [PMID: 25500301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paffia spp (Amaranthacea) has a widespread use of in Brazil as a possible hormonal supplement and a substitute of Panax ginseng, although information on its reproductive effects is missing. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluated possible anabolic-androgenic or anti-androgenic effects of Pfaffia glomerata (PG) extract using intact eight-months-old male rats and pre-pubertal castrated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different dose levels of PG (8.5, 30 and 85 mg/kg/day) were administered to eight-months-old rats for 28 days or to castrated males for 7 days (Hershberger assay). In the experiment with intact animals, 24h fecal samples were collected for quantification of fecal metabolites of androgens throughout treatment. At the end of the treatment period, animals were euthanized for evaluation of serum testosterone, reproductive organ weights, number of spermatids per testis, diameter of seminiferous tubules and cross-sectional area of soleus muscle fibers. In the Hershberber assay, androgenic or anti-androgenic effects were evaluated by the weights of androgen-dependent tissues: ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, glans penis and levator ani muscle/bulbocavernosus muscle. RESULTS No effects were observed in the concentrations of fecal metabolites of androgens monitored during the treatment of intact eight-months-old rats. Moreover, at the end of treatment, no changes were seen in any of the investigated parameters. In the Hershberger assay, the PG extract did not induce androgenic or anti-androgenic effects at the dose levels tested. Significant effects were only observed in animals treated with testosterone and testosterone plus flutamide, which were used as positive controls for androgenicity and anti-androgenicity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS At the dose levels tested, PG extract does not induce anabolic-androgenic or anti-androgenic effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ney Felipe Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliane Centeno Muller
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Katherinne Maria Spercoski
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Nihi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marilis Dallarmi Miguel
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 632, Avenida Prof. Lothário Meissner, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Bednarczuk de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 632, Avenida Prof. Lothário Meissner, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Dalsenter
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosana Nogueira Morais
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Persson S, Magnusson U. Environmental pollutants and alterations in the reproductive system in wild male mink (Neovison vison) from Sweden. Chemosphere 2015; 120:237-45. [PMID: 25103085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The wild American mink, a semi-aquatic top predator, is exposed to high levels of environmental pollutants that may affect its reproductive system. In this study, the reproductive organs from 101 wild male mink collected in Sweden were examined during necropsy. Potential associations between various variables of the reproductive system and fat concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and other organochlorine pesticides and liver concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were investigated using multiple regression models. The anogenital distance was negatively associated (p<0.05) with concentration of p,p'-DDE and some PFAAs (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and ∑PFAA). Penis length was positively associated with PCB 28, PCB 47/48, PCB 52 and PCB 110 (p<0.05), and some of these congeners were also associated with baculum length and penis weight. In contrast, penile length tended (p<0.1) to be shorter in mink with high concentrations of p,p'-DDE. These data may help to improve the understanding of how environmental pollution affects male reproduction in both wildlife and humans. Overall, the study suggests endocrine disrupting effects in wild mink and identifies potentially important pollutants in the complex mixture of contaminants in the environment. In addition, the results suggest that the variables of the reproductive system of male mink used in this study are good candidates for use as indicators of environmental pollution affecting the mammalian reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Jeng HA, Yordt D, Davis S, Swanson JR. Assessment of alteration of reproductive system in vivo induced by subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene via oral administration. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:1-8. [PMID: 23893576 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess whether subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) via oral ingestion alter endpoints of the reproductive system of mice. Hsd: ICR (CD1) 10-week-old males (n = 8) were randomly assigned to the exposure group and control group. Mice were administered BaP for 30 and 60 days by daily gavage at doses of 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight per day. At the end of the experiments, mice were anesthetized and reproductive organs, including testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and cauda epididymis, were removed and examined. Spermatozoa quality and DNA strand breaks were assessed-1 and 10 mg/kg/day of BaP for 30 and 60 days did not significantly induce altered morphology or weights of testes, prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis, and spermatozoa quality of mice; 100 mg/kg/day of BaP for 60 days decreased weights of testes, seminal vesicle, and cauda epididymis. BaP exposure also significantly decreased motility, normal head morphology, vitality, and concentration of mature spermatozoa. In addition, BaP exposure induced a significant increase in DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Bornehag CG, Carlstedt F, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Jensen TK, Bodin A, Jonsson C, Janson S, Swan SH. Prenatal phthalate exposures and anogenital distance in Swedish boys. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:101-7. [PMID: 25353625 PMCID: PMC4286276 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are used as plasticizers in soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and in a large number of consumer products. Because of reported health risks, diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been introduced as a replacement for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soft PVC. This raises concerns because animal data suggest that DiNP may have antiandrogenic properties similar to those of DEHP. The anogenital distance (AGD)--the distance from the anus to the genitals--has been used to assess reproductive toxicity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and AGD in Swedish infants. METHODS AGD was measured in 196 boys at 21 months of age, and first-trimester urine was analyzed for 10 phthalate metabolites of DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DEHP, BBzP (benzylbutyl phthalate), as well as DiNP and creatinine. Data on covariates were collected by questionnaires. RESULTS The most significant associations were found between the shorter of two AGD measures (anoscrotal distance; AGDas) and DiNP metabolites and strongest for oh-MMeOP [mono-(4-methyl-7-hydroxyloctyl) phthalate] and oxo-MMeOP [mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate]. However, the AGDas reduction was small (4%) in relation to more than an interquartile range increase in DiNP exposure. CONCLUSIONS These findings call into question the safety of substituting DiNP for DEHP in soft PVC, particularly because a shorter male AGD has been shown to relate to male genital birth defects in children and impaired reproductive function in adult males and the fact that human levels of DiNP are increasing globally.
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Mahawong P, Sinclair A, Li Y, Schlomer B, Rodriguez E, Ferretti MM, Liu B, Baskin LS, Cunha GR. Comparative effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol on external genitalia development in adult males of two mouse strains with differential estrogen sensitivity. Differentiation 2014; 88:70-83. [PMID: 25449353 PMCID: PMC4254630 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), a potent synthetic estrogen, was examined to evaluate whether the CD-1 (estrogen insensitive, outbred) and C57 (estrogen sensitive, inbred) mouse strains differ in their response to estrogen disruption of male ExG differentiation. CD-1 and C57BL/6 litters were injected with sesame oil or DES (200 ng/g/5 μl in sesame oil vehicle) every other day from birth to day 10. Animals were sacrificed at the following time points: birth, 5, 10 and 60 days postnatal. Neonatally DES-treated mice from both strains had many ExG abnormalities that included the following: (a) severe truncation of the prepuce and glans penis, (b) an abnormal urethral meatus, (c) ventral tethering of the penis, (d) reduced os penis length and glans width, (e) impaired differentiation of cartilage, (f) absence of urethral flaps, and (g) impaired differentiation of erectile bodies. Adverse effects of DES correlated with the expression of estrogen receptors within the affected tissues. While the effects of DES were similar in the more estrogen-sensitive C57BL/6 mice versus the less estrogen-sensitive CD-1 mice, the severity of DES effects was consistently greater in C57BL/6 mice. We suggest that many of the effects of DES, including the induction of hypospadias, are due to impaired growth and tissue fusion events during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phitsanu Mahawong
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bruce Schlomer
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Esequiel Rodriguez
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Max M Ferretti
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Baomai Liu
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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50
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Kurmangaliev OM, Gumarova ZZ, Zasorin BV. [Features of sexual development of adolescent boys in cities of Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Gig Sanit 2014:105-107. [PMID: 25831940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The complex estimation of parameters of the sexual development of adolescent boys aged 14-16 years had been done in cities of Aktay and Atyrau, in Caspian region of Western Kazakhstan. Adolescent boys in cities of Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan were found to have tendency to the delayed puberty according to Tanner score. Retarded sexual development is manifested by the some retardation in growth of genitals and escutcheon, in comparison with their peers from control group. The absence of differences in general physical development, as evidenced by anthropometry data, does not exclude the specific (elective) character of the impact of urbanogenic factors on growing male body, which is typical impact of hard metals salts.
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