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Maia RDCA, Lima TC, Barbosa CM, Barbosa MA, de Queiroz KB, Alzamora AC. Intergenerational inheritance induced by a high-fat diet causes hyperphagia and reduced hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin and leptin in the second-generation of rats. Nutrition 2024; 120:112333. [PMID: 38271759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the intergenerational inheritance induced by a high-fat diet on sensitivity to insulin and leptin in the hypothalamic control of satiety in second-generation offspring, which were fed a control diet. METHODS Progenitor rats were fed a high-fat or a control diet for 59 d until weaning. The first-generation and second-generation offspring were fed the control diet until 90 d of age. Body mass and adiposity index of the progenitors fed the high-fat diet and the second-generation offspring from progenitors fed the high-fat diet were evaluated as were the gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 3a, angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, insulin and leptin signaling pathway (insulin receptor, leptin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 2, protein kinase B, signal transducer and transcriptional activator 3, pro-opiomelanocortin, and neuropeptide Agouti-related protein), superoxide dismutase activity, and the concentration of carbonyl protein and satiety-regulating neuropeptides, pro-opiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Agouti-related protein, in the hypothalamus. RESULTS The progenitor group fed a high-fat diet showed increased insulin resistance and reduced insulin-secreting beta-cell function and reduced food intake, without changes in caloric intake. The second-generation offspring from progenitors fed a high-fat diet, compared with second-generation offspring from progenitors fed a control diet group, had decreased insulin-secreting beta-cell function and increased food and caloric intake, insulin resistance, body mass, and adiposity index. Furthermore, second-generation offspring from progenitors fed a high-fat diet had increased DNA methyltransferase 3a, neuropeptide Agouti-related protein, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase p47phox gene expression, superoxide dismutase activity, and neuropeptide Agouti-related protein concentration in the hypothalamus. In addition, there were reduced in gene expression of the insulin receptor, leptin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 2, pro-opiomelanocortin, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2, and angiotensin-(1-7) receptor and pro-opiomelanocortin concentration in the second-generation offspring from progenitors fed the high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Overall, progenitors fed a high-fat diet induced changes in the hypothalamic control of satiety of the second-generation offspring from progenitors fed the high-fat diet through intergenerational inheritance. These changes led to hyperphagia, alterations in the hypothalamic pathways of insulin, and leptin and adiposity index increase, favoring the occurrence of different cardiometabolic disorders in the second-generation offspring from progenitors fed the high-fat diet fed only with the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana da Conceição Araújo Maia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Taynara Carolina Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Maria Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Andréa Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Departamento de Alimentos, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Tomlinson JW. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: A focus on genetics, mechanisms and metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:13-24. [PMID: 38302651 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, monogenic, multisystem disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, renal abnormalities, polydactyly, learning disabilities, as well as metabolic dysfunction, including obesity and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. It is a primary ciliopathy, and causative mutations in more than 25 different genes have been described. Multiple cellular mechanisms contribute to the development of the metabolic phenotype associated with BBS, including hyperphagia as a consequence of altered hypothalamic appetite signalling as well as alterations in adipocyte biology promoting adipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis. Within this review, we describe in detail the metabolic phenotype associated with BBS and discuss the mechanisms that drive its evolution. In addition, we review current approaches to the metabolic management of patients with BBS, including the use of weight loss medications and bariatric surgery. Finally, we evaluate the potential of targeting hypothalamic appetite signalling to limit hyperphagia and induce clinically significant weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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3
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Mao S, Yang L, Gao Y, Zou C. Genotype-phenotype correlation in Prader-Willi syndrome: A large-sample analysis in China. Clin Genet 2024; 105:415-422. [PMID: 38258470 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The genotype-phenotype relationship in PWS patients is important for a better understanding of the clinical phenotype and clinical characteristics of different genotypes of PWS in children. We aimed to explore the influence of specific gene changes on the clinical symptoms of PWS and the value of early screening and early intervention of the condition. All data in this study were extracted from the database of the XiaoPang Weili Rare Disease Care Center. The collected information included basic demographics, maternal pregnancy information, endocrine abnormalities, growth and development abnormalities, and other clinical phenotypes. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes in the major categories of PWS were analyzed. A total of 586 PWS cases with confirmed molecular diagnosis and genotyping were included in this study. Among them, 83.8% belonged to the deletion type, 10.9% the uniparental disomy (UPD) type, and 5.3% the imprinting defect (ID) type. Age-wide comparison among the three groups: The rate of hypopigmentation in the deletion group was higher than that in the UPD group (88.8% vs. 60.9%; p < 0.05); A total of 62 patients (14.2%) had epilepsy; and no statistical significance was found among the three groups (p = 0.110). Age-wide comparison between the deletion and non-deletion types: the rate of skin hypopigmentation and epilepsy in the deletion group was significantly higher than that in the non-deletion group (88.8% vs. 68.4%, p < 0.001; 15.9% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.040). The intergroup comparison for the >2-year age group: there were significant intergroup differences in the language development delay among the three groups (p < 0.001). The incidence of delayed language development was the highest in the deletion group, followed by the UPD group, and the lowest in the ID group. The rates of obesity and hyperphagia in the deletion group were also higher than those in the non-deletion group (71.1% vs. 58.9%, p = 0.041; 75.7% vs. 62.0%, p = 0.016). There are significant differences in the rates of skin hypopigmentation and language developmental delay among the deletion, UPD, and ID genotypes. The patients with deletion type had significantly higher rates of lighter skin color, obesity, hyperphagia, language developmental delay, and epilepsy. The results of this study will help clinicians better understand the impact of different PWS molecular etiologies on specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiong Mao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Arnouk L, Chantereau H, Courbage S, Tounian P, Clément K, Poitou C, Dubern B. Hyperphagia and impulsivity: use of self-administered Dykens' and in-house impulsivity questionnaires to characterize eating behaviors in children with severe and early-onset obesity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:84. [PMID: 38395939 PMCID: PMC10893692 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determinants of early-onset obesity (< 6 years) are not completely elucidated, however eating behavior has a central role. To date no study has explored eating behavior in children with severe, early-onset obesity. Self-administered questionnaire data from these children were examined to evaluate eating behavior and the etiology of early-onset obesity. METHODS Children with severe, early-onset obesity (body mass index [BMI] > International Obesity Task Force [IOTF] 30) of different etiologies (hypothalamic obesity [HO], intellectual disability with obesity [IDO], common polygenic obesity [CO]) were prospectively included. BMI history and responses from the Dykens' Hyperphagia Questionnaire and an in-house Impulsivity Questionnaire at first visit were compared between groups. RESULTS This cohort of 75 children (39 girls; mean age ± standard deviation [SD] 10.8 ± 4.4 years) had severe, early-onset obesity at an age of 3.8 ± 2.7 years, with a BMI Z-score of 4.9 ± 1.5. BMI history varied between the 3 groups, with earlier severe obesity in the HO group versus 2 other groups (BMI > IOTF40 at 3.4 ± 1.6 vs. 4.6 ± 1.6 and 8.4 ± 4.1 years for the IDO and CO groups, respectively [P < 0.01]). Absence of adiposity rebound was more prevalent in the HO group (87% vs. 63% and 33% for the IDO and CO groups, respectively [P < 0.01]). The Dykens' mean total score for the cohort was 22.1 ± 7.2 with no significant between-group differences. Hyperphagia (Dykens' score > 19) and impulsivity (score > 7) were found in 50 (67%) and 11 children (15%), respectively, with no difference between the HO, IDO and CO groups regarding the number of patients with hyperphagia (10 [67%], 14 [74%], and 26 [63%] children, respectively) or impulsivity (2 [13%], 1 [7%], and 8 [19%] children, respectively). Children with food impulsivity had significantly higher total and severity scores on the Dykens' Questionnaire versus those without impulsivity. CONCLUSION The Dykens' and Impulsivity questionnaires can help diagnose severe hyperphagia with/without food impulsivity in children with early-onset obesity, regardless of disease origin. Their systematic use can allow more targeted management of food access control in clinical practice and monitor the evolution of eating behavior in the case of innovative therapeutic targeting hyperphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Arnouk
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, 26 Avenue du Dr Netter, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Chantereau
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, 26 Avenue du Dr Netter, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Courbage
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, 26 Avenue du Dr Netter, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tounian
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, 26 Avenue du Dr Netter, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisPitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Nutrition Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisPitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Obesities (PRADORT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, 26 Avenue du Dr Netter, 75012, Paris, France.
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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5
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Miller JL, Gevers E, Bridges N, Yanovski JA, Salehi P, Obrynba KS, Felner EI, Bird LM, Shoemaker AH, Angulo M, Butler MG, Stevenson D, Goldstone AP, Wilding J, Lah M, Shaikh MG, Littlejohn E, Abuzzahab MJ, Fleischman A, Hirano P, Yen K, Cowen NM, Bhatnagar A. Diazoxide choline extended-release tablet in people with Prader-Willi syndrome: results from long-term open-label study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:252-261. [PMID: 37919617 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effect of 1-year administration of diazoxide choline extended-release tablet (DCCR) on hyperphagia and other complications of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). METHODS The authors studied 125 participants with PWS, age ≥ 4 years, who were enrolled in the DESTINY PWS Phase 3 study and who received DCCR for up to 52 weeks in DESTINY PWS and/or its open-label extension. The primary efficacy endpoint was Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT) score. Other endpoints included behavioral assessments, body composition, hormonal measures, and safety. RESULTS DCCR administration resulted in significant improvements in HQ-CT (mean [SE] -9.9 [0.77], p < 0.0001) and greater improvements in those with more severe baseline hyperphagia (HQ-CT > 22). Improvements were seen in aggression, anxiety, and compulsivity (all p < 0.0001). There were reductions in leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, as well as a significant increase in adiponectin (all p < 0.004). Lean body mass was increased (p < 0.0001). Disease severity was reduced as assessed by clinician and caregiver (both p < 0.0001). Common treatment-emergent adverse events included hypertrichosis, peripheral edema, and hyperglycemia. Adverse events infrequently resulted in discontinuation (7.2%). CONCLUSIONS DCCR administration to people with PWS was well tolerated and associated with broad-ranging improvements in the syndrome. Sustained administration of DCCR has the potential to reduce disease severity and the burden of care for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Evelien Gevers
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts Health NHS Trust-Royal London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jack A Yanovski
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parisa Salehi
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Eric I Felner
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- University of California, San Diego/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Moris Angulo
- New York University Langone Health, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Anthony P Goldstone
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Wilding
- University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Melissa Lah
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - M Guftar Shaikh
- Royal Hospital for Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristen Yen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Neil M Cowen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
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Fourati S, de Dreuille B, Bettolo J, Hutinet C, Le Gall M, Bado A, Joly F, Le Beyec J. Hyperphagia is prominent in adult patients with short bowel syndrome: A role for the colon? Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2109-2115. [PMID: 37751660 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is the major cause of chronic intestinal failure (IF) and requires parenteral nutrition (PN). After bowel resection, some patients develop spontaneous intestinal adaptations and hyperphagia. Since promoting oral energy intake contributes to PN weaning, this study aims to characterize hyperphagia in patients with SBS and identify its determinants. METHODS This observational retrospective study included adult patients with SBS who were followed at an expert PN center between 2006 and 2019, with at least 2 separate nutritional assessments. Exclusion criteria were: active neoplasia, alternative treatment for IF or appetite-affecting medication. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was calculated for each patient using the Harris-Benedict equation. Food Intake Ratio (FIR) was calculated by dividing the highest caloric oral intake by REE and hyperphagia was defined as FIR >1.5. RESULTS Among the 59 patients with SBS included in this study, 82.6% had a FIR >1.5, including 15.5% with a FIR >3. Protein supplied approximately 16% of total energy intake while fat and carbohydrates provided 36% and 48%, respectively. The FIR was independent of gender and whether patients received oral nutrition alone (n = 28) or combined with PN (n = 31). The FIR was also not associated with residual small bowel length, nor the proportion of preserved colon. However, it was negatively correlated with the body mass index (BMI) of these patients (r = -0.533, p < 0.001), whether they had PN support or not. Patients with either a jejuno-colonic (n = 31) or a jejuno-ileal anastomosis (n = 9), had a significantly higher FIR compared to those with an end-jejunostomy (n = 18) (p < 0.05). However, no difference was found in the proportion of calories provided by protein, fat and carbohydrate between the 3 patients groups divided according to the SBS anatomical type. CONCLUSION A large majority of patients with SBS exhibited a hyperphagia regardless of PN dependence or bowel length, which was inversely correlated with BMI. The presence of the colon in continuity, thus in contact with the nutritional flow, seems to favor a higher oral intake which is beneficial for the nutritional autonomy of patients. This raises the question of a role of colonic microbiota and hormones in this behavior. Finally, this study also revealed an unexpected discrepancy between recommended energy intakes from protein, fat and carbohydrate and the actual intake of patients with SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Fourati
- UMR-S 1149 Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Brune de Dreuille
- UMR-S 1149 Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Joanna Bettolo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutritional Support, Center for Intestinal Failure, Reference Centre of Rare Disease MarDI, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Inserm UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Hutinet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutritional Support, Center for Intestinal Failure, Reference Centre of Rare Disease MarDI, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Inserm UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- UMR-S 1149 Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- UMR-S 1149 Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Francisca Joly
- UMR-S 1149 Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Nutritional Support, Center for Intestinal Failure, Reference Centre of Rare Disease MarDI, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Inserm UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec
- UMR-S 1149 Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
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7
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Wang J, Casimiro-Garcia A, Johnson BG, Duffen J, Cain M, Savary L, Wang S, Nambiar P, Lech M, Zhao S, Xi L, Zhan Y, Olson J, Stejskal JA, Lin H, Zhang B, Martinez RV, Masek-Hammerman K, Schlerman FJ, Dower K. A protein kinase C α and β inhibitor blunts hyperphagia to halt renal function decline and reduces adiposity in a rat model of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16919. [PMID: 37805649 PMCID: PMC10560236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications can have debilitating, sometimes fatal consequences for afflicted individuals. The disease can be difficult to control, and therapeutic strategies to prevent T2D-induced tissue and organ damage are needed. Here we describe the results of administering a potent and selective inhibitor of Protein Kinase C (PKC) family members PKCα and PKCβ, Cmpd 1, in the ZSF1 obese rat model of hyperphagia-induced, obesity-driven T2D. Although our initial intent was to evaluate the effect of PKCα/β inhibition on renal damage in this model setting, Cmpd 1 unexpectedly caused a marked reduction in the hyperphagic response of ZSF1 obese animals. This halted renal function decline but did so indirectly and indistinguishably from a pair feeding comparator group. However, above and beyond this food intake effect, Cmpd 1 lowered overall animal body weights, reduced liver vacuolation, and reduced inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) mass, inflammation, and adipocyte size. Taken together, Cmpd 1 had strong effects on multiple disease parameters in this obesity-driven rodent model of T2D. Further evaluation for potential translation of PKCα/β inhibition to T2D and obesity in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Bryce G Johnson
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Duffen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Cain
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Mediar Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leigh Savary
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Instem Life Science Systems Ltd, Mount Ida College, South Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Wang
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novartis Gene Therapies, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Prashant Nambiar
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Strand Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Lech
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhao
- Clinical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Amunix Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Xi
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yutian Zhan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Olson
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - James A Stejskal
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Hank Lin
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Clinical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert V Martinez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Technological Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Franklin J Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ken Dower
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Wei R, Li D, Jia S, Chen Y, Wang J. MC4R in Central and Peripheral Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300035. [PMID: 37043700 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a critical and urgent health burden during the current global pandemic. Among multiple genetic causes, melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R), involved in food intake and energy metabolism regulation through various signaling pathways, has been reported to be the lead genetic factor in severe and early onset obesity and hyperphagia disorders. Most previous studies have illustrated the roles of MC4R signaling in energy intake versus expenditure in the central system, while some evidence indicates that MC4R is also expressed in peripheral systems, such as the gut and endocrine organs. However, its physiopathological function remains poorly defined. This review aims to depict the central and peripheral roles of MC4R in energy metabolism and endocrine hormone homeostasis, the diversity of phenotypes, biased downstream signaling caused by distinct MC4R mutations, and current drug development targeting the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sheng Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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9
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Özalkak Ş, Demiral M, Ünal E, Taş FF, Onay H, Demirbilek H, Özbek MN. Metreleptin Treatment in a Boy with Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy due to Homozygous c.465_468delGACT (p.T156Rfs*8) Mutation in the BSCL2 Gene: Results From the First-year. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:329-333. [PMID: 35735786 PMCID: PMC10448557 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an almost complete absence of body fat. In CGL, patients may have hyperphagia due to leptin deficiency. Recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) has been suggested as an effective treatment option. We present successful treatment with metreleptin in a boy with CGL and results from the first year of follow-up. An eight-month-old boy presented with excessive hair growth and a muscular appearance. On examination he had hypertrichosis, decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue over the whole body and hepatomegaly. Laboratory investigations revealed hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated liver transaminases and low leptin levels. Molecular genetic analysis detected a homozygous, c.465_468delGACT (p.T156Rfs*8) mutation in the BSCL2 gene. A diagnosis of CGL type 2 was considered. Despite dietary intervention, exercise, and treatment with additional omega-3 and metformin, the hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and elevated liver transaminase levels worsened. Metreleptin treatment was started and after one year hyperphagia had disappeared, and there was dramatic improvement in levels of insulin, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides and liver transaminases. Hepatosteatosis was lessened and hepatosplenomegaly was much improved. Metreleptin appears to be an effective treatment option in children with CGL that remarkably improved metabolic complications in the presented case. Initiation of metreleptin treatment in the early period may decrease mortality and morbidity, and increase the quality of life in children with CGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şervan Özalkak
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Meliha Demiral
- Balıkesir City Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Edip Ünal
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Funda Feryal Taş
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Multigen Genetic Diseases Diagnosis Center, Department of Medical Genetics, İzmir Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Demirbilek
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Özbek
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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10
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Castellano JM, Ariza-Jimenez AB, Tena-Sempere M. New Avenues for Pharmacological Management of Hyperphagia and Associated Behavioral Disorders in Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e895-e896. [PMID: 36896885 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana B Ariza-Jimenez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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11
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Welling MS, Kleinendorst L, van Haelst MM, van den Akker ELT. The Narrative of a Patient with Leptin Receptor Deficiency: Personalized Medicine for a Rare Genetic Obesity Disorder. Obes Facts 2023; 16:514-518. [PMID: 37393902 PMCID: PMC10601614 DOI: 10.1159/000531529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate appetite and weight. For patients and their families, the disorder seriously disrupts daily life; however, little is published about this impact. We here report the experiences of a 10.5-year-old girl with leptin receptor deficiency and her family. The diagnosis of this rare genetic obesity had a deep impact on the life of the child and her family. It led to a better understanding of the cause of the impaired appetite regulation and early-onset obesity with subsequently less judgement by others and improved cooperation of their social network and school on maintaining a healthy lifestyle for this girl. A strict eating regimen and lifestyle measures resulted in the first year after diagnosis in a significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), followed by BMI stabilization, still categorized as obesity class three. However, the troublesome challenge of how to manage the disruptive behaviour due to hyperphagia remained. Eventually, due to treatment with targeted pharmacotherapy, i.e., melanocortin-4 receptor agonists, her BMI continued to decrease due to resolving hyperphagia. The daily routine of the family and the atmosphere at home positively changed as they were no longer dominated by the food-focused behaviour of the child and the adherence to the strict eating regimen. This case report demonstrates the importance and impact of a rare genetic obesity disorder diagnosis in a family. Additionally, it highlights the value of genetic testing in patients with a high suspicion of a genetic obesity disorder as it can eventually lead to personalized treatment, such as guidance by specialized healthcare professionals and educated caregivers or targeted pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila S Welling
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Miller JL, Gevers E, Bridges N, Yanovski JA, Salehi P, Obrynba KS, Felner EI, Bird LM, Shoemaker AH, Angulo M, Butler MG, Stevenson D, Abuzzahab J, Barrett T, Lah M, Littlejohn E, Mathew V, Cowen NM, Bhatnagar A. Diazoxide Choline Extended-Release Tablet in People With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1676-1685. [PMID: 36639249 PMCID: PMC10271219 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurobehavioral-metabolic disease caused by the lack of paternally expressed genes in the chromosome 15q11-q13 region, characterized by hypotonia, neurocognitive problems, behavioral difficulties, endocrinopathies, and hyperphagia resulting in severe obesity if not controlled. OBJECTIVE The primary end point was change from baseline in hyperphagia using the Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT). Other end points included Global Impression Scores, and changes in body composition, behaviors, and hormones. METHODS In DESTINY PWS, a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, 127 participants with PWS aged 4 years and older with hyperphagia were randomly assigned 2:1 to diazoxide choline extended-release tablet (DCCR) or placebo. RESULTS DCCR did not significantly improve hyperphagia (HQ-CT least-square mean (LSmean) [SE] -5.94 [0.879] vs -4.27 [1.145]; P = .198), but did so in participants with severe hyperphagia (LSmean [SE] -9.67 [1.429] vs -4.26 [1.896]; P = .012). Two of 3 secondary end points were improved (Clinical Global Impression of Improvement [CGI-I]; P = .029; fat mass; P = .023). In an analysis of results generated pre-COVID, the primary (HQ-CT; P = .037) and secondary end points were all improved (CGI-I; P = .015; Caregiver Global Impression of Change; P = .031; fat mass; P = .003). In general, DCCR was well tolerated with 83.3% in the DCCR group experiencing a treatment-emergent adverse event and 73.8% in the placebo group (not significant). CONCLUSION DCCR did not significantly improve hyperphagia in the primary analysis but did in participants with severe baseline hyperphagia and in the pre-COVID analysis. DCCR treatment was associated with significant improvements in body composition and clinician-reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Evelien Gevers
- Queen Mary University London, London E1 4NS, UK; Barts Health NHS Trust-Royal London Children's Hospital, London E1 1FR, UK
| | | | - Jack A Yanovski
- US Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Parisa Salehi
- Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Kathryn S Obrynba
- Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Eric I Felner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- University of California, San Diego/Rady's Children's Hospital, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | | | - Moris Angulo
- NYU Langone Health, Mineola, New York 11501, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Barrett
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Melissa Lah
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | - Verghese Mathew
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Neil M Cowen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California 94065, USA
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13
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Roof E, Deal CL, McCandless SE, Cowan RL, Miller JL, Hamilton JK, Roeder ER, McCormack SE, Roshan Lal TR, Abdul-Latif HD, Haqq AM, Obrynba KS, Torchen LC, Vidmar AP, Viskochil DH, Chanoine JP, Lam CKL, Pierce MJ, Williams LL, Bird LM, Butler MG, Jensen DE, Myers SE, Oatman OJ, Baskaran C, Chalmers LJ, Fu C, Alos N, McLean SD, Shah A, Whitman BY, Blumenstein BA, Leonard SF, Ernest JP, Cormier JW, Cotter SP, Ryman DC. Intranasal Carbetocin Reduces Hyperphagia, Anxiousness, and Distress in Prader-Willi Syndrome: CARE-PWS Phase 3 Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1696-1708. [PMID: 36633570 PMCID: PMC10271225 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by endocrine and neuropsychiatric problems including hyperphagia, anxiousness, and distress. Intranasal carbetocin, an oxytocin analog, was investigated as a selective oxytocin replacement therapy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and efficacy of intranasal carbetocin in PWS. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with long-term follow-up. SETTING Twenty-four ambulatory clinics at academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 130 participants with PWS aged 7 to 18 years. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to 9.6 mg/dose carbetocin, 3.2 mg/dose carbetocin, or placebo 3 times daily during an 8-week placebo-controlled period (PCP). During a subsequent 56-week long-term follow-up period, placebo participants were randomly assigned to 9.6 mg or 3.2 mg carbetocin, with carbetocin participants continuing at their previous dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary endpoints assessed change in hyperphagia (Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials [HQ-CT]) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale [CY-BOCS]) during the PCP for 9.6 mg vs placebo, and the first secondary endpoints assessed these same outcomes for 3.2 mg vs placebo. Additional secondary endpoints included assessments of anxiousness and distress behaviors (PWS Anxiousness and Distress Behaviors Questionnaire [PADQ]) and clinical global impression of change (CGI-C). RESULTS Because of onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, enrollment was stopped prematurely. The primary endpoints showed numeric improvements in both HQ-CT and CY-BOCS which were not statistically significant; however, the 3.2-mg arm showed nominally significant improvements in HQ-CT, PADQ, and CGI-C scores vs placebo. Improvements were sustained in the long-term follow-up period. The most common adverse event during the PCP was mild to moderate flushing. CONCLUSIONS Carbetocin was well tolerated, and the 3.2-mg dose was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in hyperphagia and anxiousness and distress behaviors in participants with PWS. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03649477.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheri L Deal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Centre de Recherche, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Shawn E McCandless
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ronald L Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Roeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Neuroendocrine Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tamanna R Roshan Lal
- Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Hussein D Abdul-Latif
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Obrynba
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Laura C Torchen
- Division of Endocrinology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - David H Viskochil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Chanoine
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Carol K L Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Melinda J Pierce
- Diabetes & Endocrinology, Children's Minnesota—St Paul, St Paul, MN 55404, USA
| | - Laurel L Williams
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Diane E Jensen
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
- Centre for Children's Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Susan E Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Oliver J Oatman
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Charumathi Baskaran
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura J Chalmers
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 73117, USA
| | - Cary Fu
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Centre de Recherche, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Scott D McLean
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Ajay Shah
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Y Whitman
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
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14
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Schönauer R, Jin W, Findeisen C, Valenzuela I, Devlin LA, Murrell J, Bedoukian EC, Pöschla L, Hantmann E, Riedhammer KM, Hoefele J, Platzer K, Biemann R, Campeau PM, Münch J, Heyne H, Hoffmann A, Ghosh A, Sun W, Dong H, Noé F, Wolfrum C, Woods E, Parker MJ, Neatu R, Le Guyader G, Bruel AL, Perrin L, Spiewak H, Missotte I, Fourgeaud M, Michaud V, Lacombe D, Paolucci SA, Buchan JG, Glissmeyer M, Popp B, Blüher M, Sayer JA, Halbritter J. Monoallelic intragenic POU3F2 variants lead to neurodevelopmental delay and hyperphagic obesity, confirming the gene's candidacy in 6q16.1 deletions. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:998-1007. [PMID: 37207645 PMCID: PMC10257002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While common obesity accounts for an increasing global health burden, its monogenic forms have taught us underlying mechanisms via more than 20 single-gene disorders. Among these, the most common mechanism is central nervous system dysregulation of food intake and satiety, often accompanied by neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) and autism spectrum disorder. In a family with syndromic obesity, we identified a monoallelic truncating variant in POU3F2 (alias BRN2) encoding a neural transcription factor, which has previously been suggested as a driver of obesity and NDD in individuals with the 6q16.1 deletion. In an international collaboration, we identified ultra-rare truncating and missense variants in another ten individuals sharing autism spectrum disorder, NDD, and adolescent-onset obesity. Affected individuals presented with low-to-normal birth weight and infantile feeding difficulties but developed insulin resistance and hyperphagia during childhood. Except for a variant leading to early truncation of the protein, identified variants showed adequate nuclear translocation but overall disturbed DNA-binding ability and promotor activation. In a cohort with common non-syndromic obesity, we independently observed a negative correlation of POU3F2 gene expression with BMI, suggesting a role beyond monogenic obesity. In summary, we propose deleterious intragenic variants of POU3F2 to cause transcriptional dysregulation associated with hyperphagic obesity of adolescent onset with variable NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christin Findeisen
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Laura Alice Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, NE1 3BZ Newcastle, UK
| | - Jill Murrell
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma C Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda Pöschla
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Hantmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Münch
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Heyne
- Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland: FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Emily Woods
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ruxandra Neatu
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, NE1 3BZ Newcastle, UK
| | - Gwenael Le Guyader
- Unité neurovasculaire et troubles cognitifs, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Equipe GAD, UMR1231 Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- UF de Génétique Clinique Département de Génétique, CHU Paris - Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Helena Spiewak
- North East and Yorkshire Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Laboratory, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Isabelle Missotte
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Nouvelle Calédonie, France
| | - Melanie Fourgeaud
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndrome Malformatifs, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndrome Malformatifs, CHU de Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndrome Malformatifs, CHU de Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah A Paolucci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jillian G Buchan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Bernt Popp
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Functional Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, NE1 3BZ Newcastle, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, NE7 7DN Newcastle, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, NE4 5PL Newcastle, UK
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Hinton EC, Lithander FE, Elsworth RL, Hawton K, Narayan K, Szymkowiak S, Bedford HL, Naeem N, Elson R, Taylor-Miller T, Hamilton-Shield JP, Crowne EC. Evaluating Eating Behaviour, Energy Homeostasis, and Obesity in Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma: A Feasibility Study. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 97:80-93. [PMID: 37231854 PMCID: PMC10777714 DOI: 10.1159/000530863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumours (incidence 1.1-1.7 cases/million/year). Although non-malignant, craniopharyngioma causes major endocrine and visual morbidities including hypothalamic obesity, yet mechanisms leading to obesity are poorly understood. This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of eating behaviour measures in patients with craniopharyngioma to inform the design of future trials. METHODS Patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma and controls matched for sex, pubertal stage, and age were recruited. After an overnight fast, participants received the following measures: body composition, resting metabolic rate, oral glucose tolerance test including magnetic resonance imaging (patients only), appetite ratings, eating behaviour, and quality of life questionnaires, ad libitum lunch, and an acceptability questionnaire. Data are reported as median ± IQR, with effect size measure (Cliff's delta) and Kendall's tau for correlations, due to the small sample size. RESULTS Eleven patients (median age = 14 years; 5 F/6 M) and matched controls (median age = 12 years; 5 F/6 M) were recruited. All patients had received surgery, and 9/11 also received radiotherapy. Hypothalamic damage post-surgery was graded (Paris grading): grade 2 n = 6; grade 1 n = 1; grade 0 n = 2. The included measures were deemed highly tolerable by participants and their parent/carers. Preliminary data suggest a difference in hyperphagia between patients and controls (d = 0.5), and a relationship between hyperphagia with body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS) in patients (τ = 0.46). DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate that eating behaviour research is feasible and acceptable to craniopharyngioma patients and there is an association between BMISDS and hyperphagia in patients. Thus, food approach and avoidance behaviours may be useful targets for interventions to manage obesity in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanor C. Hinton
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fiona E Lithander
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca L Elsworth
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katherine Hawton
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Kruthika Narayan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sophie Szymkowiak
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly L Bedford
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nimra Naeem
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth Elson
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Tashunka Taylor-Miller
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth C. Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare disease characterized by obesity and hyperphagia. Despite the very high prevalence of paediatric and adult obesity in this population, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is not well described. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in small and moderately large cohorts suggest a high prevalence of traditional risk factors for diabetes mellitus in people with BBS. People with BBS appear to have a high prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Small cohort studies have identified high rates of sleep disordered breathing, including sleep apnoea syndrome. Recent research has characterized traditional behavioural risk factors such as sleep hygiene and physical inactivity in people with BBS. High rates of insufficient sleep and prolonged sedentary time suggest behavioural targets of interventions to treat or prevent diabetes mellitus. Hyperphagia, likely caused by defects in the hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) neuronal pathway, pose additional challenges to behavioural interventions to prevent diabetes mellitus. SUMMARY Understanding the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders in people with BBS and the impact of traditional risk factors on glucose regulation are important to developing effective treatments in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pomeroy
- Center of Excellence for Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute
| | - Kelsi-Marie Offenwanger
- Center of Excellence for Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health
| | - Tammi Timmler
- Center of Excellence for Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Dietetics, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Wang J, Li YJ, Li XX, Sun YX, Xiang S, Zhang MQ, Li XJ, Qiu ZK. Late-Night Overeating and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Adults Aged ≥ 50: A Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:701-708. [PMID: 37754209 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-night overeating (LNOE) is closely associated with many health risk factors, but whether LNOE can increase the risk of death remains unknown. Thus, the prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between LNOE and mortality using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS 11,893 participants aged 50 years and older were included in the study. Dietary information was obtained through 24-h dietary recall interviews. Cox regression, subgroup, sensitivity, and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between LNOE and mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 2,498 deaths occurred. After adjusting for major confounders, compared to the non-late-night eating (NLNE) group, the LNOE group was associated with higher risks of all-cause (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06-2.04) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.13-3.60). No significant association was found between late-night eating (LNE) and mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that the LNOE group had a greater risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants older than 70 years, with alcohol consumption and hypertension and demonstrated an increased risk of all-cause mortality in males and higher CVD mortality in females. CONCLUSION The habit of LNOE was an independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD mortality in US adults aged 50 years and older, which was also influenced by age, sex, alcohol consumption, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Zhen-kang Qiu, PhD, MD, Interventional Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China, Tel: 86-0532-82913275, Fax: 86-0532-82913275,
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18
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Diene G, Angulo M, Hale PM, Jepsen CH, Hofman PL, Hokken-Koelega A, Ramesh C, Turan S, Tauber M. Liraglutide for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents With Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:4-12. [PMID: 36181471 PMCID: PMC9759167 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by lack of appetite control and hyperphagia, leading to obesity. Pharmacological options for weight management are needed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether liraglutide treatment for weight management is superior to placebo/no treatment in pediatric individuals with PWS. METHODS This was a multicenter, 52-week, placebo-controlled trial with a 16-week double-blinded period. Adolescents (n = 31, aged 12-17 years; Tanner stage 2-5) and children (n = 24, aged 6-11 years; Tanner stage <2) with PWS and obesity were included. Patients were randomized 2:1 to liraglutide 3.0 mg (or maximum-tolerated dose) or placebo for 16 weeks, after which placebo was stopped. Liraglutide was continued for 52 weeks. All patients followed a structured diet and exercise program throughout the trial. The coprimary endpoints were change in body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) from baseline to 16 and 52 weeks. Secondary endpoints included other weight-related parameters, hyperphagia, and safety. RESULTS Change in BMI SDS from baseline to weeks 16 and 52 was not significantly different between treatments in adolescents (estimated treatment difference: -0.07 at week 16 and -0.14 at week 52) and children (-0.06 and -0.07, respectively). Changes in other weight-related parameters between treatments were not significant. At week 52, hyperphagia total and drive scores were lower in adolescents treated with liraglutide vs no treatment. The most common adverse events with liraglutide were gastrointestinal disorders. CONCLUSION Although the coprimary endpoints were not met, changes in hyperphagia total and drive scores in adolescents warrant further studies on liraglutide in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Diene
- French National Reference Center for Prader–Willi Syndrome, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Center of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Moris Angulo
- Pediatric Endocrinology, NYU Langone Hospital, NY 11501, USA
| | - Paula M Hale
- Diabetes Clinical Development and Research, Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | | | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Aukland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Anita Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chethana Ramesh
- Service Center, Novo Nordisk India, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, 34854 Maltepe/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Maïthé Tauber
- Correspondence: Maïthé Tauber, MD, French National Reference Center for Prader–Willi Syndrome, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Center of Toulouse, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne – TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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19
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Luo R, Chen L, Song X, Zhang X, Xu W, Han D, Zuo J, Hu W, Shi Y, Cao Y, Ma R, Liu C, Xu C, Li Z, Li X. Possible Role of GnIH as a Novel Link between Hyperphagia-Induced Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements and Hypogonadism in Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158066. [PMID: 35897643 PMCID: PMC9332143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a reproductive inhibitor and an endogenous orexigenic neuropeptide that may be involved in energy homeostasis and reproduction. However, whether GnIH is a molecular signal link of metabolism and the reproductive system, and thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state, is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of GnIH in glycolipid metabolism and reproduction in vivo, and in the coupling between these two processes in the testis level. Our results showed that chronic intraperitoneal injection of GnIH into male mice not only increased food intake and altered meal microstructure but also significantly elevated body mass due to the increased mass of liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), despite the loss of testicular weight. Furthermore, chronic intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to male mice resulted in obesity-related glycolipid metabolic derangements, showing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance through changes in the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes in the pancreas and eWAT, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of GnIH and GPR147 was markedly increased in the testis of mice under conditions of energy imbalance, such as fasting, acute hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. In addition, chronic GnIH injection markedly inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism of mice testis while significantly decreasing testosterone synthesis and sperm quality, inducing hypogonadism. These observations indicated that orexigenic GnIH triggers hyperphagia-induced obesity-related metabolic derangements and hypogonadism in male mice, suggesting that GnIH is an emerging candidate for coupling metabolism and fertility by involvement in obesity and metabolic disorder-induced reproductive dysfunction of the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xun Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0771-3235635
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20
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Myers KP, Majewski M, Schaefer D, Tierney A. Chronic experience with unpredictable food availability promotes food reward, overeating, and weight gain in a novel animal model of food insecurity. Appetite 2022; 176:106120. [PMID: 35671918 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous, easy access to food is thought to promote obesity in the modern environment. However, people coping with food insecurity have limited, unpredictable food access and are also prone to obesity. Causal factors linking food insecurity and obesity are not understood. In this study we describe an animal model to investigate biopsychological impacts of the chronic unpredictability inherent in food insecurity. Female rats were maintained on a 'secure' schedule of highly predictable 4x/day feedings of uniform size, or an 'insecure' schedule delivering the same total food over time but frequently unpredictable regarding how much, if any, food would arrive at each scheduled feeding. Subgroups of secure and insecure rats were fed ordinary chow or high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) chow to identify separate and combined effects of insecurity and diet quality. Insecure chow-fed rats, relative to secure chow-fed rats, were hyperactive and consumed more when provided a palatable liquid diet. Insecure HFHS-fed rats additionally had higher progressive ratio breakpoints for sucrose, increased meal size, and subsequently gained more weight during 8 days of ad libitum HFHS access. Insecurity appeared to maintain a heightened attraction to palatable food that habituated in rats with secure HFHS access. In a second experiment, rats fed ordinary chow on the insecure schedule subsequently gained more weight when provided ad libitum chow, showing that prior insecurity per se promoted short-term weight gain in the absence of HFHS food. We propose this to be a potentially useful animal model for mechanistic research on biopsychological impacts of insecurity, demonstrating that chronic food uncertainty is a factor promoting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Myers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, USA.
| | - Marta Majewski
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, USA
| | - Dominique Schaefer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, USA
| | - Alexis Tierney
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, USA
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21
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Kim SY, Kwak JH, Eun CS, Han DS, Kim YS, Song KS, Choi BY, Kim HJ. Gastric Cancer Risk Was Associated with Dietary Factors Irritating the Stomach Wall: A Case-Control Study in Korea. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112233. [PMID: 35684033 PMCID: PMC9183208 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gastric cancer is high in Korea, and dietary factors are important risk factors for gastric cancer. This study examined whether gastric cancer risk was related to dietary factors that directly irritate the stomach wall. This case−control study consisted of 308 matched pairs of gastric cancer cases and controls recruited from 2002 to 2006 at two hospitals in Korea. Dietary assessments were completed using a food frequency questionnaire and a dietary habit questionnaire. Gastric cancer risk was increased for high meal frequency of >3 vs. low meal frequency of ≤3 times per day, overeating vs. not overeating, and preferred vs. not preferred spicy or salty foods. Furthermore, participants with dietary factors of high meal frequency, overeating, and preference for spicy or salty foods elevated the risk of gastric cancer compared to those with low meal frequency, not overeating, and not preferring spicy or salty foods, simultaneously. In conclusion, gastric cancer risk was significantly increased in people with dietary factors that irritate the stomach wall, such as high meal frequency, overeating, and preference for spicy or salty foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea; (C.S.E.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea; (C.S.E.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Functional Genomics Institute, PDXen Biosystems Co., ETRI Convergence Commercialization Center, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea;
| | - Kyu Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-640-2967; Fax: +82-33-640-2330
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22
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Kim R, Olpin E, Novilla LK, Crandall A. The Association of COVID-19 Stressors and Family Health on Overeating before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6174. [PMID: 35627710 PMCID: PMC9140506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have examined how stress and the family environment affect overeating, but less is known about how COVID-19 stressors and family health may affect overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research questions included: (1) Did COVID-19-related stressors increase the risk for overeating among adults in the United States? (2) Did family health protect against overeating during a pandemic? The sample included 443 participants aged 18 years and older living in the United States who were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Stata version 16 was used to analyze the data using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that one year into the pandemic, COVID-19 stressors were associated with increased overeating, even after adjusting for overeating before the pandemic. More family health resources were associated with less overeating. These results indicate that although COVID-19 stressors were associated with overeating, greater family health resources helped prevent overeating. Interventions and policies that aim to increase health resources for families may be particularly beneficial at preventing overeating and obesity in the face of long- and short-term stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (R.K.); (E.O.); (L.K.N.)
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23
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Gantz MG, Driscoll DJ, Miller JL, Duis JB, Butler MG, Gourash L, Forster J, Scheimann AO. Critical review of bariatric surgical outcomes in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome and other hyperphagic disorders. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:973-981. [PMID: 35416416 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review bariatric procedure outcomes among patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) mutations, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and hypothalamic obesity. METHODS Systematic published literature review used the following search terms: "Prader-Willi syndrome," "Bardet-Biedl syndrome," "hyperphagia," "bariatric surgery," "MC4R"/"melanocortin 4 receptor", "hypothalamic obesity," and "bariatric procedure." Information collected included demographics, genetics, anthropometry, procedure type, outcomes, and complications, with inclusion of case series and clinical reports given the rarity of the disorders. For PWS, postoperative weight-change percentage and BMI up to 14 years following surgery were analyzed using general linear mixed models, with descriptive outcomes for other conditions. RESULTS A total of 54 publications were identified, with variable follow-up periods for 202 patients (114 with PWS, 43 with MC4R mutations, 7 with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and 38 with hypothalamic obesity) among bariatric procedures. Weight loss of patients with PWS was greatest within 1 year of surgery, with weight-change percentage not significantly different from 0 at 5 years. Long-term results in other conditions were variable and featured suboptimal weight loss and increased reoperation risk. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric procedures among hyperphagic individuals, including those with PWS, report variable results and outcomes. Benefits of bariatric surgery may be less durable in hyperphagic disorders in comparison with other patients with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie G Gantz
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel J Driscoll
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica B Duis
- Section of Genetics and Inherited Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Colorado Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Linda Gourash
- Pittsburgh Partnership, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ann O Scheimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Zhang Y, Hao J, Tarrago MG, Warner GM, Giorgadze N, Wei Q, Huang Y, He K, Chen C, Peclat TR, White TA, Ling K, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Chini EN, Hu J. FBF1 deficiency promotes beiging and healthy expansion of white adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109481. [PMID: 34348145 PMCID: PMC8428195 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes dynamically produce sensory cilia. However, the role of primary cilia in preadipocyte differentiation and adipose homeostasis remains poorly understood. We previously identified transition fiber component FBF1 as an essential player in controlling selective cilia import. Here, we establish Fbf1tm1a/tm1a mice and discover that Fbf1tm1a/tm1a mice develop severe obesity, but surprisingly, are not predisposed to adverse metabolic complications. Obese Fbf1tm1a/tm1a mice possess unexpectedly healthy white fat tissue characterized by spontaneous upregulated beiging, hyperplasia but not hypertrophy, and low inflammation along the lifetime. Mechanistically, FBF1 governs preadipocyte differentiation by constraining the beiging program through an AKAP9-dependent, cilia-regulated PKA signaling, while recruiting the BBS chaperonin to transition fibers to suppress the hedgehog signaling-dependent adipogenic program. Remarkably, obese Fbf1tm1a/tm1a mice further fed a high-fat diet are protected from diabetes and premature death. We reveal a central role for primary cilia in the fate determination of preadipocytes and the generation of metabolically healthy fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jielu Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mariana G Tarrago
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gina M Warner
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nino Giorgadze
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thais R Peclat
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas A White
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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25
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Geisler CE, Ghimire S, Bruggink SM, Miller KE, Weninger SN, Kronenfeld JM, Yoshino J, Klein S, Duca FA, Renquist BJ. A critical role of hepatic GABA in the metabolic dysfunction and hyperphagia of obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109301. [PMID: 34192532 PMCID: PMC8851954 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation is a hallmark of type II diabetes (T2D) associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hyperphagia. Hepatic synthesis of GABA, catalyzed by GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), is upregulated in obese mice. To assess the role of hepatic GABA production in obesity-induced metabolic and energy dysregulation, we treated mice with two pharmacologic GABA-T inhibitors and knocked down hepatic GABA-T expression using an antisense oligonucleotide. Hepatic GABA-T inhibition and knockdown decreased basal hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia and improved glucose intolerance. GABA-T knockdown improved insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in obese mice. Hepatic GABA-T knockdown also decreased food intake and induced weight loss without altering energy expenditure in obese mice. Data from people with obesity support the notion that hepatic GABA production and transport are associated with serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), T2D, and BMI. These results support a key role for hepatocyte GABA production in the dysfunctional glucoregulation and feeding behavior associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susma Ghimire
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephanie M Bruggink
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kendra E Miller
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jason M Kronenfeld
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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26
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Hübel C, Herle M, Santos Ferreira DL, Abdulkadir M, Bryant-Waugh R, Loos RJF, Bulik CM, Lawlor DA, Micali N. Childhood overeating is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles in adolescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12478. [PMID: 34127697 PMCID: PMC8203659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood eating behaviour contributes to the rise of obesity and related noncommunicable disease worldwide. However, we lack a deep understanding of biochemical alterations that can arise from aberrant eating behaviour. In this study, we prospectively associate longitudinal trajectories of childhood overeating, undereating, and fussy eating with metabolic markers at age 16 years to explore adolescent metabolic alterations related to specific eating patterns in the first 10 years of life. Data are from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 3104). We measure 158 metabolic markers with a high-throughput (1H) NMR metabolomics platform. Increasing childhood overeating is prospectively associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile (i.e., hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia) in adolescence; whereas undereating and fussy eating are associated with lower concentrations of the amino acids glutamine and valine, suggesting a potential lack of micronutrients. Here, we show associations between early behavioural indicators of eating and metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moritz Herle
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana L Santos Ferreira
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdulkadir
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Bryant-Waugh
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Michael Rutter Centre for Children and Young People, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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27
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Barragán R, Zuraikat FM, Tam V, Scaccia S, Cochran J, Li S, Cheng B, St-Onge MP. Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Is Associated with Eating Behavior Characteristics. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030852. [PMID: 33807690 PMCID: PMC8001707 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep is a determinant of obesity, with overconsumption of energy contributing to this relationship. Eating behavior characteristics are predictive of energy intake and weight change and may underlie observed associations of sleep with weight status and obesity risk factors. However, relationships between sleep and dimensions of eating behavior, as well as possible individual differences in these relations, are not well characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep behaviors, including duration, timing, quality, and regularity relate to dietary restraint, disinhibition, and tendency towards hunger and to explore whether these associations differ by sex. This cross-sectional study included 179 adults aged 20–73 years (68.7% women, 64.8% with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Sleep was evaluated by accelerometry over 2 weeks. Eating behavior dimensions were measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Prolonged wake after sleep onset (WASO) (0.029 ± 0.011, p = 0.007), greater sleep fragmentation index (0.074 ± 0.036, p = 0.041), and lower sleep efficiency (−0.133 ± 0.051, p = 0.010) were associated with higher dietary restraint. However, higher restraint attenuated associations of higher WASO and sleep fragmentation with higher BMI (p-interactions < 0.10). In terms of individual differences, sex influenced associations of sleep quality measures with tendency towards hunger (p-interactions < 0.10). Stratified analyses showed that, in men only, higher sleep fragmentation index, longer sleep onset latency, and lower sleep efficiency were associated with greater tendency towards hunger (β = 0.115 ± 0.037, p = 0.003, β = 0.169 ± 0.072, p = 0.023, β = −0.150 ± 0.055, p = 0.009, respectively). Results of this analysis suggest that the association of poor sleep on food intake could be exacerbated in those with eating behavior traits that predispose to overeating, and this sleep-eating behavior relation may be sex-dependent. Strategies to counter overconsumption in the context of poor quality sleep should be evaluated in light of eating behavior traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Barragán
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.B.); (F.M.Z.); (S.S.); (J.C.)
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Faris M. Zuraikat
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.B.); (F.M.Z.); (S.S.); (J.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Victoria Tam
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Samantha Scaccia
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.B.); (F.M.Z.); (S.S.); (J.C.)
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Justin Cochran
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.B.); (F.M.Z.); (S.S.); (J.C.)
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Si Li
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Bin Cheng
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.B.); (F.M.Z.); (S.S.); (J.C.)
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-342-5607
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Watahiki T, Okada K, Warabi E, Nagaoka T, Suzuki H, Ishige K, Yanagawa T, Takahashi S, Mizokami Y, Tokushige K, Ariizumi SI, Yamamoto M, Shoda J. Gender difference in development of steatohepatitis in p62/Sqstm1 and Nrf2 double-knockout mice. Exp Anim 2020; 69:395-406. [PMID: 32493884 PMCID: PMC7677087 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender and menopause influence the severity and development manner of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Male p62/Sqstm1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (p62 and Nrf2) double-knockout (DKO) mice exhibit severe steatohepatitis caused by hyperphagia-induced obesity, overload of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the liver, and potentiation of the inflammatory response in Kupffer cells. However, the pathogenetic phenotype of steatohepatitis in female DKO mice remains unknown. Phenotypic changes of steatohepatitis in DKO mice were compared in terms of gender differences. Compared with DKO male mice, DKO female mice exhibited later onset of steatohepatitis with obesity after 30 weeks of age, as well as milder severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Serum estradiol was higher in female than male mice, with levels increasing up to 30 weeks of age before decreasing until 50 weeks of age (corresponding to the post-menopausal period). Fecal and serum LPS were lower in female mice than male mice, and inflammatory signaling in the liver was attenuated in female compared with male mice. Correlating with LPS levels, the composition of intestinal microbiota in female mice was different from male mice. Gender differences were observed for the development of steatohepatitis in DKO mice. Low-grade inflammatory hit in the liver under in vivo conditions of high estradiol may be attributable to the milder pathological features of steatohepatitis in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Watahiki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Tsukuba Preventive Medicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Nagaoka
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Tsukuba Preventive Medicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ishige
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Mizokami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ariizumi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic recurring disease whose prevalence has almost tripled over the past 40 years. In individuals with obesity, there is significant increased risk of morbidity and mortality, along with decreased quality of life. Increased obesity prevalence results, at least partly, from the increased global food supply that provides ubiquitous access to tasty, energy-dense foods. These hedonic foods and the nonfood cues that through association become reward predictive cues activate brain appetitive control circuits that drive hyperphagia and weight gain by enhancing food-seeking, motivation, and reward. Behavioral therapy (diet and lifestyle modifications) is the recommended initial treatment for obesity, yet it often fails to achieve meaningful weight loss. Furthermore, those who lose weight regain it over time through biological regulation. The need to effectively treat the pathophysiology of obesity thus centers on biologically based approaches such as bariatric surgery and more recently developed drug therapies. This review highlights neurobiological aspects relevant to obesity causation and treatment by emphasizing the common aspects of the feeding-inhibitory effects of multiple signals. We focus on glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling as a promising obesity treatment target by discussing the activation of intestinal- and brain-derived GLP-1 and GLP-1R expressing central nervous system circuits resulting from normal eating, bariatric surgery, and GLP-1R agonist drug therapy. Given the increased availability of energy-dense foods and frequent encounters with cues that drive hyperphagia, this review also describes how bariatric surgery and GLP-1R agonist therapies influence food reward and the motivational drive to overeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Grill
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Graduate Groups for Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Correspondence: Harvey J. Grill, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Graduate Groups fo Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail:
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30
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Debarba LK, Marangon PB, Borges BC, Veida-Silva H, Venâncio JC, Almeida-Pereira G, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias LLK. Neonatal nutritional programming induces gliosis and alters the expression of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase and connexins in male rats. Horm Behav 2020; 120:104690. [PMID: 31954709 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Changes to neonatal nutrition result in long-lasting impairments in energy balance, which may be described as metabolic programing. Astrocytes, which are interconnected by gap junctions, have emerged as important players in the hypothalamic control of food intake. In order to study the effects of nutritional programming on glial morphology and protein expression, cross-fostered male Wistar rats at postnatal day 3 were assigned to three groups based on litter size: small litter (3 pups per dam, SL), normal litter (10 pups per dam, NL), and large litter (16 pups per dam, LL). Rats from the SL group exhibited higher body weight throughout the study and hyperphagia after weaning. LL animals exhibited hyperphagia, high energy efficiency and catch-up of body weight after weaning. Both the SL and LL groups at postnatal day 60 (PN60) exhibited increased levels of plasma leptin, the Lee index (as an index of obesity), adiposity content, immunoreactivity toward T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Astrocyte morphology was altered in the ARC of SL and LL animals, and this effect occurred in parallel with a reduction in immunoreactivity toward connexin 30 (CX30). The data obtained demonstrate that both neonatal over- and underfeeding promote not only alterations in the metabolic status but also morphological changes in glial cells in parallel with increasing TCPTP and changes in connexin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kniess Debarba
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900.
| | - Paula Beatriz Marangon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
| | - Beatriz C Borges
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
| | - Hellen Veida-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
| | - Jade Cabestre Venâncio
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
| | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 14049-900
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31
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Rosqvist F, Kullberg J, Ståhlman M, Cedernaes J, Heurling K, Johansson HE, Iggman D, Wilking H, Larsson A, Eriksson O, Johansson L, Straniero S, Rudling M, Antoni G, Lubberink M, Orho-Melander M, Borén J, Ahlström H, Risérus U. Overeating Saturated Fat Promotes Fatty Liver and Ceramides Compared With Polyunsaturated Fat: A Randomized Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6207-6219. [PMID: 31369090 PMCID: PMC6839433 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Saturated fatty acid (SFA) vs polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) may promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by yet unclear mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To investigate if overeating SFA- and PUFA-enriched diets lead to differential liver fat accumulation in overweight and obese humans. DESIGN Double-blind randomized trial (LIPOGAIN-2). Overfeeding SFA vs PUFA for 8 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of caloric restriction. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS Men and women who are overweight or have obesity (n = 61). INTERVENTION Muffins, high in either palm (SFA) or sunflower oil (PUFA), were added to the habitual diet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lean tissue mass (not reported here). Secondary and exploratory outcomes included liver and ectopic fat depots. RESULTS By design, body weight gain was similar in SFA (2.31 ± 1.38 kg) and PUFA (2.01 ± 1.90 kg) groups, P = 0.50. SFA markedly induced liver fat content (50% relative increase) along with liver enzymes and atherogenic serum lipids. In contrast, despite similar weight gain, PUFA did not increase liver fat or liver enzymes or cause any adverse effects on blood lipids. SFA had no differential effect on the accumulation of visceral fat, pancreas fat, or total body fat compared with PUFA. SFA consistently increased, whereas PUFA reduced circulating ceramides, changes that were moderately associated with liver fat changes and proposed markers of hepatic lipogenesis. The adverse metabolic effects of SFA were reversed by calorie restriction. CONCLUSIONS SFA markedly induces liver fat and serum ceramides, whereas dietary PUFA prevents liver fat accumulation and reduces ceramides and hyperlipidemia during excess energy intake and weight gain in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Heurling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans-Erik Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Iggman
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Helena Wilking
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Rudling
- Metabolism Unit, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Ulf Risérus, PhD, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
There are numerous causes, such as environmental factors, medications, endocrine disorders, and genetic factors, that can lead to obesity. However, severe early-onset obesity with abnormal feeding behavior, mental retardation, dysmorphic features, organ-specific developmental abnormalities, and endocrine disorders suggest a genetic etiology. Mutations in genes related to the leptin-melanocortin pathway play a key role in genetic obesity. This pathway controls hypothalamic regulation of food intake. A few cases have been reported to have mutations in leptin (LEP) or leptin receptor (LEPR) genes. The cases had severe early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, and additional features, such as altered immune function, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism. We present a 3-year-old male patient with severe early-onset obesity whose genetic analysis revealed a homozygous, novel, and pathogenic variant (c.1603+2T>C) in LEPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coşkun Armağan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altuğ Koç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Ülgenalp
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Erçal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Savage JS, Hohman EE, McNitt KM, Pauley AM, Leonard KS, Turner T, Pauli JM, Gernand AD, Rivera DE, Symons Downs D. Uncontrolled Eating during Pregnancy Predicts Fetal Growth: The Healthy Mom Zone Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E899. [PMID: 31010102 PMCID: PMC6520673 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess maternal weight gain during pregnancy elevates infants' risk for macrosomia and early-onset obesity. Eating behavior is also related to weight gain, but the relationship to fetal growth is unclear. We examined whether Healthy Mom Zone, an individually tailored, adaptive gestational weight gain intervention, and maternal eating behaviors affected fetal growth in pregnant women (n = 27) with a BMI > 24. At study enrollment (6-13 weeks gestation) and monthly thereafter, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was completed. Ultrasounds were obtained monthly from 14-34 weeks gestation. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Higher baseline levels of uncontrolled eating predicted faster rates of fetal growth in late gestation. Cognitive restraint was not associated with fetal growth, but moderated the effect of uncontrolled eating on fetal growth. Emotional eating was not associated with fetal growth. Among women with higher baseline levels of uncontrolled eating, fetuses of women in the control group grew faster and were larger in later gestation than those in the intervention group (study group × baseline uncontrolled eating × gestational week interaction, p = 0.03). This is one of the first intervention studies to use an individually tailored, adaptive design to manage weight gain in pregnancy to demonstrate potential effects on fetal growth. Results also suggest that it may be important to develop intervention content and strategies specific to pregnant women with high vs. low levels of disinhibited eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Emily E Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Katherine M McNitt
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Abigail M Pauley
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Krista S Leonard
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Tricia Turner
- Diagnostic Medical Sonography, South Hills School of Business and Technology, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Jaimey M Pauli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
- Department of Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Daniel E Rivera
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Ghadieh HE, Russo L, Muturi HT, Ghanem SS, Manaserh IH, Noh HL, Suk S, Kim JK, Hill JW, Najjar SM. Hyperinsulinemia drives hepatic insulin resistance in male mice with liver-specific Ceacam1 deletion independently of lipolysis. Metabolism 2019; 93:33-43. [PMID: 30664851 PMCID: PMC6401268 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CEACAM1 regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting insulin clearance. Accordingly, global C57BL/6J.Cc1-/- null mice display hyperinsulinemia due to impaired insulin clearance at 2 months of age, followed by insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, visceral obesity and leptin resistance at 6 months. The study aimed at investigating the primary role of hepatic CEACAM1 in insulin and lipid homeostasis independently of its metabolic effect in extra-hepatic tissues. METHODS Liver-specific C57BL/6J.AlbCre+Cc1fl/fl mice were generated and their metabolic phenotype was characterized by comparison to that of their littermate controls at 2-9 months of age, using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analysis and indirect calorimetry. The effect of hyperphagia on insulin resistance was assessed by pair-feeding experiments. RESULTS Liver-specific AlbCre+Cc1fl/fl mutants exhibited impaired insulin clearance and hyperinsulinemia at 2 months, followed by hepatic insulin resistance (assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analysis) and steatohepatitis at ~ 7 months of age, at which point visceral obesity and hyperphagia developed, in parallel to hyperleptinemia and blunted hypothalamic STAT3 phosphorylation in response to an intraperitoneal injection of leptin. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypothalamic insulin resistance, followed by increased fatty acid synthase activity, which together with defective hypothalamic leptin signaling contributed to hyperphagia and reduced physical activity. Pair-feeding experiment showed that hyperphagia caused systemic insulin resistance, including blunted insulin signaling in white adipose tissue and lipolysis, at 8-9 months of age. CONCLUSION AlbCre+Cc1fl/fl mutants provide an in vivo demonstration of the key role of impaired hepatic insulin clearance and hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of secondary hepatic insulin resistance independently of lipolysis. They also reveal an important role for the liver-hypothalamic axis in the regulation of energy balance and subsequently, systemic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lucia Russo
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Harrison T Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Iyad H Manaserh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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Hernandez D, Mehta N, Geliebter A. Meal-Related Acyl and Des-Acyl Ghrelin and Other Appetite-Related Hormones in People with Obesity and Binge Eating. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:629-635. [PMID: 30900406 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Potential mechanisms of abnormal food intake, such as dysregulation of meal-related appetite hormones, including acyl ghrelin (AG) and des-acyl ghrelin (DAG), were investigated among men and women with obesity, with and without binge eating (BE). METHODS Participants (n = 42: 19 female, 23 male) were assigned to a liquid meal and water condition in counterbalanced order, and blood samples for measuring hormones were obtained before and after these conditions. RESULTS Participants with BE had significantly lower fasting and postingestive AG concentrations than participants without BE in both conditions. During the meal condition, postprandial decreases in AG concentrations were significantly smaller for the BE group than for the non-BE group. There were no significant differences in DAG by BE group. Leptin increased significantly less after meals for those with BE compared with those without BE. There were no differences in other hormones by BE group. Fasting and postmeal hunger ratings were significantly higher for those with BE than for those without BE. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with BE, lower fasting AG may be due to downregulation by habitual overeating, and a smaller postmeal decline in AG may contribute to overeating. Lower postmeal leptin concentrations may also contribute to overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominica Hernandez
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nandini Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allan Geliebter
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai St. Luke's, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Touro College and University System, New York, New York, USA
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Almeida DL, Simões FS, Saavedra LPJ, Praxedes Moraes AM, Matiusso CCI, Malta A, Palma-Rigo K, Mathias PCDF. Maternal low-protein diet during lactation combined with early overfeeding impair male offspring's long-term glucose homeostasis. Endocrine 2019; 63:62-69. [PMID: 30128960 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The early-life nutritional environment affects long-term glucose homeostasis, we investigated the effects of maternal low-protein diet combined with postnatal early overfeeding on the male offspring's glucose homeostasis in adulthood. METHODS Only male rats were used, and their delivery was considered postnatal-day 0 (PN0). Wistar rats' dams were divided into control (NP) or low-protein diet (LP). LP dams remained on the diet until PN14, after which all animals were supplied with the control diet. At PN2, litters were adjusted to 9 (control-NL) or 3 (postnatal-overfeeding-PO) pups, resulting in four experimental groups: NP-NL, NP-PO, LP-NL, and LP-PO. Litters were weaned on PN21. At PN80, a batch of animals from all experimental groups underwent surgery for cannula implantation, followed by intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT), but the insulinogenic index (ISI) was calculated. At PN81, animals were euthanized and tissues were collected. RESULTS LP-diet and early postnatal-overfeeding were effective in promoting the expected biometric outcomes at PN21 and PN81, but the LP-PO animals present a biometric profile similar to the control (NP-NL) group. Postnatal-overfeeding increased fasting glycemia in LP-PO animals (p < 0.01). In the ivGTT, postnatal-overfeeding elevated the glycemia (p < 0.0001), exacerbated in LP-PO animals (p < 0.0001). Insulinemia was reduced by both, maternal LP-diet and postnatal-overfeeding, with a higher degree of reduction in LP-PO animals (p < 0.0001). Maternal LP-diet and postnatal-overfeeding reduced the ISI (p < 0.0001). Factors interaction lead the LP-PO to a lower ISI compared to all other groups (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The combination of low-protein diet in breastfeeding dams with postnatal overfeeding disturbed the offspring's glucose metabolism in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Salgueiro Simões
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Plenavita Clinics, 1021 rua Julio Prestes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Praxedes Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Ibrahim M, Bonfiglio S, Schlögl M, Vinales KL, Piaggi P, Venti C, Walter M, Krakoff J, Thearle MS. Energy Expenditure and Hormone Responses in Humans After Overeating High-Fructose Corn Syrup Versus Whole-Wheat Foods. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:141-149. [PMID: 29193741 PMCID: PMC5739953 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to understand how the dietary source of carbohydrates, either high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or complex carbohydrates, affects energy expenditure (EE) measures, appetitive sensations, and hormones during 24 hours of overfeeding. METHODS Seventeen healthy participants with normal glucose regulation had 24-hour EE measures and fasting blood and 24-hour urine collection during four different 1-day diets, including an energy-balanced diet, fasting, and two 75% carbohydrate diets (5% fat) given at 200% of energy requirements with either HFCS or whole-wheat foods as the carbohydrate source. In eight volunteers, hunger was assessed with visual analog scales the morning after the diets. RESULTS Compared with energy balance, 24-hour EE increased 12.8% ± 6.9% with carbohydrate overfeeding (P < 0.0001). No differences in 24-hour EE or macronutrient utilization were observed between the two high-carbohydrate diets; however, sleeping metabolic rate was higher after the HFCS diet (Δ = 35 ± 48 kcal [146 ± 200 kJ]; P = 0.01). Insulin, ghrelin, and triglycerides increased the morning after both overfeeding diets. Urinary cortisol concentrations (82.8 ± 35.9 vs. 107.6 ± 46.9 nmol/24 h; P = 0.01) and morning-after hunger scores (Δ = 2.4 ± 2.0 cm; P = 0.01) were higher with HFCS overfeeding. CONCLUSIONS The dietary carbohydrate source while overeating did not affect 24-hour EE, but HFCS overconsumption may predispose individuals to further overeating due to increased glucocorticoid release and increased hunger the following morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ibrahim
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susan Bonfiglio
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mathias Schlögl
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karyne L. Vinales
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Colleen Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Walter
- Clinical Laboratory Core, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marie S. Thearle
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Ortinau LC, Linden MA, Dirkes R, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. Bone 2017; 105:200-211. [PMID: 28893629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. Bone turnover markers and sclerostin were measured using ELISA. Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. Trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture were adversely affected by obesity/T2D, but not diet. Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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Blumfield ML, Bei B, Zimberg IZ, Cain SW. Dietary disinhibition mediates the relationship between poor sleep quality and body weight. Appetite 2017; 120:602-608. [PMID: 29042189 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate sleep independently influences eating habits and weight status. However, the relationship between these three factors has not been well quantified. The objective of this study was to examine if eating behavior (i.e. dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) mediates the relationship between sleep and body mass index (BMI) in a large sample of American adults. METHOD Cross-sectional data from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland sample were assessed (n = 602; 38.9 ± 14.5 years). Self-reported sleep and eating behavior were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, respectively. Path analysis was used to examine relationships amongst the construct, with mediation tested via bootstrapped confidence intervals. RESULTS Poorer sleep quality was associated with both greater hunger (P = 0.03) and higher disinhibited eating (overeating in the presence of palatable foods or other disinhibiting stimuli like emotional stress; P < 0.001) behaviors. Higher disinhibited eating behavior was also associated with higher BMI (P < 0.001). There was a significant indirect relationship between sleep quality and BMI via disinhibition (b [95% CI] = 0.13 [0.06, 0.21], P = 0.001). No significant effects were found when total sleep time or time in bed were replaced as predictors in the mediation model. CONCLUSION Disinhibited eating behavior mediated the relationship between sleep quality and weight status in both males and females. This mediation was due to aspects of sleep quality other than duration. These results suggest that improving sleep quality may benefit weight loss by helping to reduce an individuals' susceptibility to overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Blumfield
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bei Bei
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Women's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iona Z Zimberg
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean W Cain
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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de Lauzon-Guillain B, Clifton EA, Day FR, Clément K, Brage S, Forouhi NG, Griffin SJ, Koudou YA, Pelloux V, Wareham NJ, Charles MA, Heude B, Ong KK. Mediation and modification of genetic susceptibility to obesity by eating behaviors. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:996-1004. [PMID: 28814400 PMCID: PMC6186415 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.157396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many genetic variants show highly robust associations with body mass index (BMI). However, the mechanisms through which genetic susceptibility to obesity operates are not well understood. Potentially modifiable mechanisms, including eating behaviors, are of particular interest to public health.Objective: Here we explore whether eating behaviors mediate or modify genetic susceptibility to obesity.Design: Genetic risk scores for BMI (BMI-GRSs) were calculated for 3515 and 2154 adults in the Fenland and EDEN (Etude des déterminants pré et postnatals de la santé et du développement de l'enfant) population-based cohort studies, respectively. The eating behaviors-emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint-were measured through the use of a validated questionnaire. The mediating effect of each eating behavior on the association between the BMI-GRS and measured BMI was assessed by using the Sobel test. In addition, we tested for interactions between each eating behavior and the BMI-GRS on BMI.Results: The association between the BMI-GRS and BMI was mediated by both emotional eating (EDEN: P-Sobel = 0.01; Fenland: P-Sobel = 0.02) and uncontrolled eating (EDEN: P-Sobel = 0.04; Fenland: P-Sobel = 0.0006) in both sexes combined. Cognitive restraint did not mediate this association (P-Sobel > 0.10), except among EDEN women (P-Sobel = 0.0009). Cognitive restraint modified the relation between the BMI-GRS and BMI among men (EDEN: P-interaction = 0.0001; Fenland: P-interaction = 0.04) and Fenland women (P-interaction = 0.0004). By tertiles of cognitive restraint, the association between the BMI-GRS and BMI was strongest in the lowest tertile of cognitive restraint, and weakest in the highest tertile.Conclusions: Genetic susceptibility to obesity was partially mediated by the "appetitive" eating behavior traits (uncontrolled and emotional eating) and, in 3 of the 4 population groups studied, was modified by cognitive restraint. High levels of cognitive control over eating appear to attenuate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. Future research into interventions designed to support restraint may help to protect genetically susceptible individuals from weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- Early Origin of Child Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team 6, Center of Research in Epidemiology and UMR 1153 Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, and
| | - Karine Clément
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- NutriOmics Team 6, UMRS 1166, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; and
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, and
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, and
| | - Simon J Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, and
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- Early Origin of Child Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team 6, Center of Research in Epidemiology and UMR 1153 Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- NutriOmics Team 6, UMRS 1166, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; and
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Early Origin of Child Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team 6, Center of Research in Epidemiology and UMR 1153 Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Early Origin of Child Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team 6, Center of Research in Epidemiology and UMR 1153 Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, and
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Vargas VE, Gurung S, Grant B, Hyatt K, Singleton K, Myers SM, Saunders D, Njoku C, Towner R, Myers DA. Gestational hypoxia disrupts the neonatal leptin surge and programs hyperphagia and obesity in male offspring in the Sprague-Dawley rat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185272. [PMID: 28957383 PMCID: PMC5619766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of gestational hypoxia on the neonatal leptin surge, development of hypothalamic arcuate nuclei (ARH) projections and appetite that could contribute to the programming of offspring obesity is lacking. We examined the effect of 12% O2 from gestational days 15–19 in the Sprague-Dawley rat on post-weaning appetite, fat deposition by MRI, adipose tissue cytokine expression, the neonatal leptin surge, ARH response to exogenous leptin, and αMSH projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in response to a high fat (HFD) or control diet (CD) in male offspring. Normoxia (NMX) and Hypoxia (HPX) offspring exhibited increased food intake when fed a HFD from 5–8 weeks post-birth; HPX offspring on the CD had increased food intake from weeks 5–7 vs. NMX offspring on a CD. HPX offspring on a HFD remained hyperphagic through 23 weeks. Body weight were the same between offspring from HPX vs. NMX dams from 4–12 weeks of age fed a CD or HFD. By 14–23 weeks of age, HPX offspring fed the CD or HFD as well as male NMX offspring fed the HFD were heavier vs. NMX offspring fed the CD. HPX offspring fed a CD exhibited increased abdominal adiposity (MRI) that was amplified by a HFD. HPX offspring fed a HFD exhibited the highest abdominal fat cytokine expression. HPX male offspring had higher plasma leptin from postnatal day (PN) 6 through 14 vs. NMX pups. HPX offspring exhibited increased basal c-Fos labeled cells in the ARH vs. NMX pups on PN16. Leptin increased c-Fos staining in the ARH in NMX but not HPX offspring at PN16. HPX offspring had fewer αMSH fibers in the PVN vs. NMX offspring on PN16. In conclusion, gestational hypoxia impacts the developing ARH resulting in hyperphagia contributing to adult obesity on a control diet and exacerbated by a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E. Vargas
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sunam Gurung
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Grant
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Hyatt
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Krista Singleton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Myers
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Charity Njoku
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rheal Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Meyer-Kovac J, Kolbe I, Ehrhardt L, Leliavski A, Husse J, Salinas G, Lingner T, Tsang AH, Barclay JL, Oster H. Hepatic gene therapy rescues high-fat diet responses in circadian Clock mutant mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:512-523. [PMID: 28580282 PMCID: PMC5444075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circadian Clock gene mutant mice show dampened 24-h feeding rhythms and an increased sensitivity to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Restricting HFD access to the dark phase counteracts its obesogenic effect in wild-type mice. The extent to which altered feeding rhythms are causative for the obesogenic phenotype of Clock mutant mice, however, remains unknown. METHODS Metabolic parameters of wild-type (WT) and ClockΔ19 mutant mice (MT) were investigated under ad libitum and nighttime restricted HFD feeding. Liver circadian clock function was partially rescued by hydrodynamic tail vein delivery of WT-Clock DNA vectors in mutant mice and transcriptional, metabolic, endocrine and behavioral rhythms studied. RESULTS Nighttime-restricted feeding restored food intake, but not body weight regulation in MT mice under HFD, suggesting Clock-dependent metabolic dysregulation downstream of circadian appetite control. Liver-directed Clock gene therapy partially restored liver circadian oscillator function and transcriptome regulation without affecting centrally controlled circadian behaviors. Under HFD, MT mice with partially restored liver clock function (MT-LR) showed normalized body weight gain, rescued 24-h food intake rhythms, and WT-like energy expenditure. This was associated with decreased nighttime leptin and daytime ghrelin levels, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved glucose tolerance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that hepatic Clock rescue in MT mice affected a range of metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Liver Clock gene therapy improves resistance against HFD-induced metabolic impairments in mice with circadian clock disruption. Restoring or stabilizing liver clock function might be a promising target for therapeutic interventions in obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Meyer-Kovac
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lea Ehrhardt
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Nutrition Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jana Husse
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, Institute Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lingner
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, Institute Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anthony H. Tsang
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Elfers CT, Roth CL. Robust Reductions of Excess Weight and Hyperphagia by Beloranib in Rat Models of Genetic and Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:41-55. [PMID: 27849360 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic lesions or deficient melanocortin (MC) signaling via MC4 receptor (MC4r) mutations often lead to hyperphagia and severe treatment-resistant obesity. We tested the methionine aminopeptidase 2-inhibitor beloranib (ZGN-440) in 2 male rat models of obesity, one modeling hypothalamic obesity with a combined medial hypothalamic lesion (CMHL) and the other modeling a monogenic form of obesity with MC4r mutations (MC4r knockout [MC4rKO]). In CMHL rats (age 3 months), postsurgery excess weight gain was significantly inhibited (ZGN-440, 0.2 ± 0.7 g/d; vehicle, 3.8 ± 0.6 g/d; P < 0.001) during 12 days of ZGN-440 treatment (0.1 mg/kg daily subcutaneously) together with a 30% reduction of daily food intake vs vehicle injection. In addition, ZGN-440 treatment improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma insulin, and circulating levels of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone were increased. Serum lipid levels did not differ significantly in ZGN-440-treated vs vehicle-treated rats. Similar results were found in MC4rKO rats: ZGN-440 treatment (14-21 d) was associated with significant reductions of body weight gain (MC4rKO, -1.7 ± 0.6 vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g/d; lean wild-type controls, -0.7 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.7 g/d; ZGN-440 vs vehicle, respectively), reduction of food intake (MC4rKO, -28%; lean controls, -7.5%), and insulin resistance, whereas circulating levels of interleukin-1β did not change. In both obesity models, body temperature and locomotor activity were not affected by ZGN-440 treatment. In conclusion, the robust reduction of body weight in response to ZGN-440 observed in rats with severe obesity is related to a strong reduction of food intake that is likely related to changes in the central regulation of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Elfers
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101; and
| | - Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101; and
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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Foerste T, Sabin M, Reid S, Reddihough D. Understanding the causes of obesity in children with trisomy 21: hyperphagia vs physical inactivity. J Intellect Disabil Res 2016; 60:856-864. [PMID: 26936540 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of becoming overweight or obese. This is particularly evident in people with trisomy 21 and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Although metabolic factors are known to contribute to obesity in trisomy 21 and hyperphagia plays a primary role in PWS, hyperphagia has not yet been investigated as a possible contributing factor to obesity in trisomy 21. METHODS Participants comprised three diagnostic groups: trisomy 21 (T21 group), PWS (PWS group) and lifestyle-related obesity (LRO group). They were required to be aged 6-18 years and have a body mass index over the 85th percentile for age and gender. A parent of each participant completed the Hyperphagia Questionnaire and the Children's Leisure Activity Study Survey. Mean scores for each domain and across all domains of the Hyperphagia Questionnaire and the Children's Leisure Activity Study Survey were compared between diagnostic groups using linear regression analysis. RESULTS The study group consisted of 52 young people (23 men and 29 women) aged 6-18 years (mean 12.5 years; T21 group n = 17, PWS group n = 16 and LRO group n = 19). As hypothesised, the PWS group had the highest mean scores across all domains of the Hyperphagia Questionnaire, and the LRO group had the lowest. Food-seeking behaviour was more pronounced in the PWS group than the T21 group (mean score 13.2 vs. 8.6, p = 0.008). The LRO group spent more hours per week engaged in physical activity (14.7) in comparison with the other groups (9.6 and 9.7), whereas between the groups, differences in time spent in sedentary activities were less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS Preoccupation with food and low levels of physical activity may contribute to the development of overweight and obesity in some individuals with trisomy 21. These factors warrant consideration in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Foerste
- Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Sabin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Hormone Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Reid
- Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Reddihough
- Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Raymond KL, Lovell GP. Food addiction associations with psychological distress among people with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:651-6. [PMID: 26952267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the relationship between a food addiction (FA) model and psychological distress among a type 2 diabetes (t2d) sample. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 334 participants with t2d diagnoses were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire. We measured variables of psychological distress implementing the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and other factors associated with t2d. RESULTS In our study a novel finding highlighted people with t2d meeting the FA criterion had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores as compared to participants who did not meet the FA criterion. Moreover, FA symptomology explained 35% of the unique variance in depression scores, 34% of the unique variance in anxiety scores, and 34% of the unique variance in stress scores, while surprisingly, BMI explained less than 1% of the unique variance in scores. CONCLUSION We identified that psychological distress among people with t2d was associated with the FA model, apparently more so than BMI, thereby indicating further research being necessary lending support for future research in this realm. Moreover the FA model may be beneficial when addressing treatment approaches for psychological distress among people with t2d.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anxiety/complications
- Anxiety/epidemiology
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Behavior, Addictive/complications
- Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology
- Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology
- Binge-Eating Disorder/complications
- Binge-Eating Disorder/etiology
- Binge-Eating Disorder/physiopathology
- Binge-Eating Disorder/psychology
- Body Mass Index
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Depression/complications
- Depression/epidemiology
- Depression/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Feeding and Eating Disorders/complications
- Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology
- Feeding and Eating Disorders/physiopathology
- Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperphagia/complications
- Hyperphagia/etiology
- Hyperphagia/psychology
- Internet
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Psychological
- Nutrition Surveys
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
- Risk Factors
- Self Report
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Karren-Lee Raymond
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia.
| | - Geoff P Lovell
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia.
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Kurt E, Karabaş Ö, Yorguner N, Wurz A, Topçuoğlu V. [Deleterious Results of Safety Seeking Behaviours in Panic Disorder: Polydipsia and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2016; 27:286-289. [PMID: 28046198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that involves recurrent panic attacks, which emerge when a harmless stimulus is interpreted as "catastrophic". In an attempt to avoid the panic attack or prevent confrontation, the patient exhibits a dysfunctional attitude and behavior, such as evasion and safety-seeking behavior (SSB). Dysfunctional behavior leads to an increase in the recurrence of panic attacks and affects the patient's life in a negative way. According to the cognitive behavioral therapy model, SSB contributes to the continuation of unrealistic beliefs (e.g. physical experiences) regarding and prevents the patient from grasping new information that may potentially contradict the unrealistic cognitions. In this paper, we present a case with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder. Interestingly, this patient developed diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and psychogenic polydipsia (PPD) as a consequence of his SSB. PPD is a common occurrence in patients with psychiatric disorders, especially in schizophrenia. Up to now, no case of a panic disorder with either DM or PPD has been reported in the literature. While it is accepted that major depression poses a risk for DM type 2, panic disorder may also increase this risk. Treatment of the panic disorder with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) resulted in improvement of PPD and DM type 2. In conclusion, the role of SSB in medical disorders accompanied by psychiatric disorders should be kept in mind when treating these patients.
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Boullu-Ciocca S, Tassistro V, Dutour A, Grino M. Pioglitazone in adult rats reverses immediate postnatal overfeeding-induced metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations. Endocrine 2015; 50:608-19. [PMID: 26084260 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Immediate postnatal overfeeding in rats, obtained by reducing the litter size, results in early-onset obesity. Such experimental paradigm programs overweight, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increased adipose glucocorticoid metabolism [up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1)], and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) in adulthood. We studied the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, treatment on the above-mentioned overfeeding-induced alterations. Nine-month-old rats normofed or overfed during the immediate postnatal period were given pioglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Pioglitazone stimulated weight gain and induced a redistribution of adipose tissue toward epididymal location with enhanced plasma adiponectin. Treatment normalized postnatal overfeeding-induced metabolic alterations (increased fasting insulinemia and free fatty acids) and mesenteric overexpression of GR, 11β-HSD11, CD 68, and proinflammatory cytokines mRNAs, including plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1. Mesenteric GR mRNA levels correlated positively with mesenteric proinflammatory cytokines mRNA concentrations. In vitro incubation of MAT obtained from overfed rats demonstrated that pioglitazone induced a down-regulation of GR gene expression and normalized glucocorticoid-induced stimulation of 11β-HSD1 and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 mRNAs. Our data show for the first time that the metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory alterations induced by early-onset postnatal obesity can be reversed by pioglitazone at the adulthood. They demonstrate that pioglitazone, in addition to its well-established effect on adipose tissue redistribution and adiponectin secretion, reverses programing-induced adipose GR, 11β-HSD1, and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression, possibly through a GR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boullu-Ciocca
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - V Tassistro
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine, 13385, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR1062, "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis", 13385, Marseille, France
- INRA, UMR1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - A Dutour
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine, 13385, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR1062, "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis", 13385, Marseille, France
- INRA, UMR1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - M Grino
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine, 13385, Marseille, France.
- Inserm, UMR1062, "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis", 13385, Marseille, France.
- INRA, UMR1260, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Ma L, Zhang S, Du M. Cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris prevents hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:431-9. [PMID: 25940982 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris has long been used in prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Cordycepin with proven immunomodulatory, antitumor, and hepatoprotective properties is the main active metabolite of C militaris. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels. Hence, we hypothesized that cordycepin can normalize blood sugar levels and improve the indicators of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of cordycepin from C militaris on diabetes in an alloxan-induced diabetic mouse model. Diabetic mice were intraperitoneally administered different doses of cordycepin (8, 24, and 72 mg/kg body weight) daily for 21 days. Acute toxicity test on normal mice was carried out by giving them maximum tolerance dose of cordycepin (3600 mg/kg) daily. A 47% reduction of the blood glucose level, 214% increase of hepatic glycogen content, and significant improvement of oral glucose tolerance were noticed after the effective dose of cordycepin was administered. Polyphagia and polydipsia, the typical symptoms of diabetes, were partly alleviated. Moreover, cordycepin offered protective effects against diabetes-related kidney and spleen injury. Maximum tolerance dose test indicated that cordycepin at the large dose of 3600 mg/kg did not show significant effect on body weight and major organ in normal mice after intraperitoneal administration for 14 days. The results showed that cordycepin from C militaris that elicited hypoglycemic activity contributes to the regulation of glucose metabolism in liver in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, a cordycepin treatment during diabetes can improve some of the metabolic syndrome symptoms by regulation of glucose absorption in vivo. Cordycepin may serve as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mei Du
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Salehi P, Leavitt A, Beck AE, Chen ML, Roth CL. Obesity management in Prader-Willi syndrome. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2015; 12:297-307. [PMID: 25962207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is one of the most common genetic causes of obesity. The phenotype of obesity in PWS is unique and characterized by hyperphagia, earlier meal initiation, delayed meal termination, reduced energy expenditure, abnormal gut hormone profiles, as well as irregular responses to food in areas of the brain associated with satiety and reward. Management of obesity is necessary to avoid major morbidity. The relentless food-seeking behavior associated with PWS such as stealing, hoarding food, eating inedibles, and lying about eating, can cause turmoil both inside and outside of the home. Management is challenging for both patients and caretakers, but at this time there are limited medical therapies available besides dietary restriction and behavior management. However, current research shows promise for discovery of additional treatment options for hyperphagia and obesity management in PWS.
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50
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Rokutan M, Yabe D, Komoto I, Kurose T, Kawai J, Nakamura T, Imamura M, Seino Y. A case of insulinoma with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Roles of hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia in pathogenesis of the disease. Endocr J 2015. [PMID: 26211668 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health-related condition all over the world; the number of patients is increasing in Asian countries including Japan. Better understanding of its pathophysiology is required to develop effective therapeutics, as patients may go on to develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas. While NAFLD is believed to be associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, its etiology remains largely unknown and the development or co-existence of NAFLD in patients with insulinoma has not been investigated. A 33-year-old male with an insulinoma, who had been hypoglycemic during the previous four years, developed abnormally elevated levels of liver enzymes and histological fatty liver characteristic of NAFLD by the time of admission to our hospital for resection of an insulinoma. His medical records for the previous eight years revealed that his bodyweight had increased gradually from 60 kg to 71 kg for seven years and then acutely increased to 79 kg in the latest one-year period. This sudden increase was thought to be due to the patient's self-described overeating of fruits to forestall hypoglycemia. Fresh fruits are rich in fructose, and the patient's triglycerides, alanine and aspartate transaminases showed an acute increase in the previous one-year period. After resection of the insulinoma, the levels of these parameters all were mostly restored, which suggests that hyperinsulinemia and subsequent hyperphagia played a role in the development of NAFLD in this case. This is the first report of patient with NAFLD and an insulinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyo Rokutan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital,Osaka 553-0003, Japan
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