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Zhou J, Huang H, Wang Q, Li Z, Chen S, Yu J, Zhong Y, Chen J, Huang H. Extended-Gate FET Biosensor Based on GaN Micropillar Array and Polycrystalline Layer: Application to Hg 2+ Detection in Human Urine. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7577-7584. [PMID: 38696338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the separation of field-effect transistor (FET) devices from sensing environments, extended-gate FET (EGFET) biosensor features high stability and low cost. Herein, a highly sensitive EGFET biosensor based on a GaN micropillar array and polycrystalline layer (GMP) was fabricated, which was prepared by using simple one-step low-temperature MOCVD growth. In order to improve the sensitivity and detection limit of EGFET biosensor, the surface area and the electrical conductivity of extended-gate electrode can be increased by the micropillar array and the polycrystalline layer, respectively. The designed GMP-EGFET biosensor was modified with l-cysteine and applied for Hg2+ detection with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ng/L, a high sensitivity of -16.3 mV/lg(μg/L) and a wide linear range (1 ng/L-24.5 μg/L). In addition, the detection of Hg2+ in human urine was realized with an LOD of 10 ng/L, which was more than 30 times lower than that of reported sensors. To our knowledge, it is the first time that GMP was used as extended-gate of EGFET biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhirui Li
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shunji Chen
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jun Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of PR Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Electrical & Electronic Experimental Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huolin Huang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrument Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Du M, Deng K, Cai Q, Hu S, Chen Y, Xu S, Tjakkes GHE, Ge S, Ge M, Li A. Mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association between heavy metals exposure and periodontitis risk. J Periodontol 2024; 95:502-514. [PMID: 37986691 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association between exposure to heavy metals and periodontitis in a nationwide sample of adults. METHODS Pooled cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009-2014) were used (n = 8993). Periodontitis was defined by a full-mouth examination and classified as no/mild and moderate/severe (mod/sev) groups. Blood and urinary heavy metal levels were investigated, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). In addition, systemic inflammation was assessed using circulatory leukocyte counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the positive associations of blood and urinary levels of Cd and Pb with mod/sev periodontitis. In contrast,blood Hg levels did not show a significant association. The odds of having periodontitis were 1.233 and 1.311 times higher for each one-unit increment in Ln-transformed blood Cd (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.109-1.371) and Pb (95% CI: 1.170-1.470), respectively. Mediation analysis suggested a 6.3% to 11.5% contribution of leucocyte counts in the association of blood Cd and Pb levels with periodontitis. Sensitivity analyses for urinary Cd levels yielded consistent mediating effects. However, no significant mediating effect of CRP was detected. CONCLUSION Higher exposures to Cd and Pb were positively associated with periodontitis risk. These associations might be partially mediated by the elevated levels of leukocytes rather than CRP. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the discordant results of the systemic inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Du
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixian Hu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuntao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geerten-Has E Tjakkes
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, UMCG, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shaohua Ge
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Haruna I, Obeng-Gyasi E. Association of Combined Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metals with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:468. [PMID: 38673379 PMCID: PMC11050583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to environmental pollutants such as metals and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) has become common and increasingly associated with a decrease in the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), which is a marker often used to measure chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are limited studies involving the use of both eGFR and the urine albumin creatinine ratio (uACR), which are more comprehensive markers to determine the presence of CKD and the complexity of pollutant exposures and response interactions, especially for combined metals and PFAS, which has not been comprehensively elucidated. Objective: This study aims to assess the individual and combined effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb) exposure on CKD using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Methods: We employed the use of bivariate logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) in our analysis of the data. Results: Logistic regression results revealed a positive association between PFOA and CKD. Our BKMR analysis revealed a non-linear and bi-phasic relationship between the metal exposures and CKD. In our univariate exposure-response function plot, Cd and Hg exhibited a U and N-shaped interaction, which indicated a non-linear and non-additive relationship with both low and high exposures associated with CKD. In addition, the bivariate exposure-response function between two exposures in a mixture revealed that Cd had a U-shaped relationship with CKD at different quantiles of Pb, Hg, PFOA, and PFOS, indicating that both low and high levels of Cd is associated with CKD, implying a non-linear and complex biological interaction. Hg's interaction plot demonstrated a N-shaped association across all quantiles of Cd, with the 75th quantile of Pb and the 50th and 75th quantiles of PFOA and PFOS. Furthermore, the PIP results underscored Cd's consistent association with CKD (PIP = 1.000) followed by Hg's (PIP = 0.9984), then PFOA and PFOS with a closely related PIP of 0.7880 and 0.7604, respectively, and finally Pb (PIP = 0.6940), contributing the least among the five environmental pollutants on CKD, though significant. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that exposure to environmental pollutants, particularly Hg and Cd, are associated with CKD. These findings highlight the need for public health interventions and strategies to mitigate the cumulative effect of PFAS and metal exposure and elucidate the significance of utilizing advanced statistical methods and tools to understand the impact of environmental pollutants on human health. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways of PFAS and metal-induced kidney injury and CKD, and longitudinal studies are required to ascertain the long-term impact of these environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issah Haruna
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Choi SH, Choi KH, Won JU, Kim H. Impact of multi-heavy metal exposure on renal damage indicators in Korea: An analysis using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35001. [PMID: 37832107 PMCID: PMC10578771 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) is associated with renal tubular damage. People living near refineries are often exposed to multiple heavy metals at high concentrations. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between combined urinary Cd, As, and Hg levels and renal damage markers in 871 residents living near the Janghang refinery plant and in a control area. Urinary Cd, As, Hg, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels were measured. The combined effects of Cd, As, and Hg on renal tubular damage markers were assessed using linear regression and a Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model. The results of the BKMR model were compared using a stratified analysis of the exposure and control groups. While the linear regression showed that only Cd concentration was significantly associated with urinary NAG levels (β = 0.447, P value < .05), the BKMR model showed that Cd and Hg levels were also significantly associated with urinary NAG levels. The combined effect of the 3 heavy metals on urinary NAG levels was significant and stronger in the exposure group than in the control group. However, no relationship was observed between the exposure concentrations of the 3 heavy metals and urinary β2-MG levels. The results suggest that the BKMR model can be used to assess the health effects of heavy-metal exposure on vulnerable residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Haeng Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hi Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Winter M, Lessmann F, Harth V. A method for reliable quantification of mercury in occupational and environmental medical urine samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Methods 2023; 15:2030-2038. [PMID: 37060114 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been applied as a method for human-biomonitoring of metals in the concentration range of occupational and environmental medicine. In large scale routine monitoring, the determination of mercury (Hg) by ICP-MS remains challenging due to several reasons. Amongst others, stability of dissolved Hg and avoiding memory effects are the key facts for reliable quantification. To address these issues, we developed a robust approach for biomonitoring of mercury in human urine samples by ICP-MS. Using a solution containing HNO3, HCl and thiourea, prepared samples and calibrators were stabilized for up to 72 h. A rinse time of only 30 seconds efficiently prevented contamination of consecutive samples with Hg concentrations up to 30 μg L-1, hence significantly reducing acquisition times compared to published methods. Recovery experiments revealed iridium as an ideal internal standard to compensate matrix effects independently from creatinine concentration. Recoveries of 95.0-104.0% were obtained for Hg levels covering the range of biomonitoring guidance values established by the German Human-Biomonitoring Commission. Excellent intra-day precision and inter-day precision of ≤3.0% for two different Hg levels were achieved. The detection and quantification limit accounted for 21.7 ng L-1 and 65.6 ng L-1, respectively, enabling reliable quantification even in the range of environmental background exposures. Additionally, the method was externally validated by successful participation in the inter-laboratory comparison program G-EQUAS. With the developed method, we hence provide a sensitive and robust tool for mercury exposure assessments in future large scale human-biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Winter
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Marckmannstraße 129b, Haus 3, 20539, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Frederik Lessmann
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Marckmannstraße 129b, Haus 3, 20539, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Marckmannstraße 129b, Haus 3, 20539, Hamburg, Germany.
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Medel-Jara P, Gejman C, Chavez B, Saavedra M, Paredes F, Valenzuela A, Rebolledo D, Ríos JC. Metal Exposure in Arica, Chile: Examining Toxic Elements. Rev Med Chil 2023; 151:420-427. [PMID: 38687516 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872023000400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioaccumulation of toxic metals in the population is associated with adverse health effects. Although some elements are essential for humans, high levels of exposure can be dangerous. OBJECTIVE To describe the levels of Inorganic Arsenic (AsIn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Mercury (Hg) in urine, and Lead (Pb) in blood in the population of Arica, Chile. METHODOLOGY Descriptive study. Beneficiaries of the Health Surveillance Program of Law 20.590 in sites of higher risk of exposure in the commune of Arica were considered eligible. The results of biological samples to measure their concentrations of AsIn, Cd, Cr, Hg in urine, and Pb in blood between August 2016 and May 2021 are described. RESULTS 9520 samples from a population with a mean age of 40.5 years were studied. 4.21% of the adult population and 6.57% of the children had AsIn values above 35 μg/L, while at least 95 % of the total samples had levels below 33 μg/L. At least 90 % of the samples had Cd levels below 1.1 μg/L, and 8.44 % had Cd levels above 2 μg/L, higher in males (11.67%). There were no values above the reference in children. 99.77% and 99.33% had Cr and Pb values below the reference limit, respectively (using the lowest reference range established by Chile Ministry of Health (MINSAL) < 5 μg/L). Children did not present risk values for Cr, and 0.16% presented Pb concentrations between 5-10 μg/dL. All samples presented Hg concentrations below risk levels (< 10 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that a small percentage of the samples analyzed in the beneficiary population of Arica register metal concentration levels above national reference levels established by MINSAL, mainly AsIn, Cd, and Pb. It is essential to continue biomonitoring to reduce and prevent exposure to these metals, which can have harmful effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Medel-Jara
- Centro de Información Toxicológica y de Medicamentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine Gejman
- Centro de Información Toxicológica y de Medicamentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Chavez
- Subsecretaría de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marta Saavedra
- Subsecretaría de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabio Paredes
- Facultad de Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Valenzuela
- Centro de Información Toxicológica y de Medicamentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Rebolledo
- Centro de Información Toxicológica y de Medicamentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Ríos
- Centro de Información Toxicológica y de Medicamentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kim S, Song SH, Lee CW, Kwon JT, Park EY, Oh JK, Kim HJ, Park E, Kim B. Low-Level Environmental Mercury Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Residents Living Near National Industrial Complexes in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Thyroid 2022; 32:1118-1128. [PMID: 35950626 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested that mercury may be linked to thyroid cancer due to its bioaccumulation in the thyroid gland, but no studies have evaluated the association between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk. We examined the relationship between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk, with the potential modification of hematological parameters. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study among residents living near industrial complexes in South Korea (recruited from 2003 to 2011). Incident thyroid cancer cases (C73, ICD-10 code) were identified from the National Cancer Registry and Statistics Korea. Urinary mercury concentrations were measured using thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS). Cox proportional hazards regression models (adjusted for age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and employment) were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval [CI] between mercury exposure and the incidence of thyroid cancer. Results: We documented 69 cases of thyroid cancer in a total of 5213 participants during follow-up (median 8.7 years). The geometric mean of urinary mercury concentration was 1.8 μg/L for thyroid cancer cases and 1.2 μg/L for noncases (p for difference = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, those in the highest tertile of urinary mercury levels had a twofold higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.97 [CI 1.03 - 3.80] in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile, p for trend = 0.043). This association was stronger for those with lower mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin status. Conclusions: Urinary mercury concentration was positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer among residents living near national industrial complexes, and this association was influenced by red blood cell indices status. These results provide some evidence suggesting the adverse effects of environmental metal pollution in the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Song
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Cancer Big Data Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Park
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Nunes FLDS, Lima SCVC, Lyra CDO, Marchioni DM, Pedrosa LFC, Barbosa Junior F, Sena-Evangelista KCM. The impact of essential and toxic elements on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and older people. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126991. [PMID: 35597099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Evidence suggests an association between essential and toxic elements and the worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of zinc, copper, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and older people. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out with 112 adults with a mean age of 59 (sd 14) years old and a BMI of 29.30 (sd 5.11) Kg/m2. The subject's weight and height were measured for body mass index (BMI) calculation, classified according to the cut-off points recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). We evaluated sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, waist circumference - WC, visceral adiposity index - VAI, glycemic lipid profile, blood pressure, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Cardiovascular risk was defined by The Global Risk Score (GRS) score. Plasma zinc, selenium, copper levels, urinary arsenic, cadmium, and mercury levels were measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS). RESULTS There was a negative association between urinary arsenic and VAI (β - 0.03, p < 0.01), triglycerides (β - 1.10, p < 0.01), and VLDL cholesterol (β - 0.14, p = 0.02). Plasma copper and copper/zinc ratio were positively associated with fasting glucose and hs-CRP (β 0.38, p < 0.01; β 36.02, p = 0.01, β 0.004, p < 0.01, β 0.68, p < 0.001, respectively). Urinary arsenic (β - 0.14, p = 0.04) and cadmium (β - 36.42, p = 0.04) were negatively associated with systolic blood pressure. Also, urinary cadmium was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (β - 21.55, p = 0.03), and urinary mercury showed an opposite behavior (β 1.45, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Essential and toxic elements in urine and plasma could be potential biomarkers for cardiovascular risk factors. A healthy lifestyle should be adopted; in addition, government policies should be developed to guarantee sustainable production and a safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Leide da Silva Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000 - Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000 - Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Clélia de Oliveira Lyra
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000 - Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo Campus, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Fatima Campos Pedrosa
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000 - Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa Junior
- Laboratory of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Campus, Av. do Café, s/n - Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Gao ZZ, Pan YJ, Ma J, Li HL, Mei X, Song YG. [Study on the difference of curative effect of conventional mercury displacement treatment on mercury in brain and kidney]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:255-259. [PMID: 35545590 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210202-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the expulsion effect of sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) on mercury in different organs of mercury poisoning and the therapeutic effect of glutathione (GSH) combined with antioxidant therapy on mercury poisoning. Methods: In February 2019, 50 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats in each group: A (saline negative control group) , B (HgCL2 positive control group) , treatment group (C: intramuscular injection of DMPS 15 mg/kg treatment, D: intramuscular injection of DMPS30 mg/kg treatment, E: intramuscular injection of DMPS 15 mg/kg and intraperitoneal injection of GSH200 mg/kg treatment) . Rats in group B, C, D and E were subcutaneously injected with mercury chloride solution (1 mg/kg) to establish a rat model of subacute mercury poisoning kidney injury. Rats in group A were subcutaneously injected with normal saline. After the establishment of the model, rats in the treatment group were injected with DMPS and GSH. Rats in group A and group B were injected with normal saline. At 21 d (treatment 7 d) and 28 d (treatment 14 d) after exposure, urine and blood samples of 5 rats in each group were collected. Blood biochemistry, urine mercury, urine microalbumin and mercury content in renal cortex, cerebral cortex and cerebellum were detected. Results: After exposure to mercury, the contents of mercury in renal cortex, cerebrum and cerebellum of rats in group B, C, D and E increased, and urine microalbumin increased. Pathology showed renal tubular injury and renal interstitial inflammation. Compared with group B, urinary mercury and renal cortex mercury in group C, D and E decreased rapidly after DMPS treatment, and there was no significant decrease in mercury levels in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats, accompanied by transient increase in urinary albumin after DMPS treatment (P<0.05) ; the renal interstitial inflammation in group E was improved after GSH treatment. There was a positive correlation between urinary mercury and the contents of mercury in renal cortex, cerebral cortex and cerebellum (r=0.61, 0.47, 0.48, P<0.05) . Conclusion: DMPS mercury expulsion treatment can significantly reduce the level of metal mercury in the kidney, and there is no significant change in the level of metal mercury in the cortex and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Gao
- Emergency medical research center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y J Pan
- Department of Occupational Disease and Poisoning Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Occupational Disease and Poisoning Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - H L Li
- Department of Occupational Disease and Poisoning Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - X Mei
- Emergency medical research center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y G Song
- Department of Occupational Disease and Poisoning Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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10
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Yen CC, Chen HH, Hsu YT, Tseng CJ, Lin CH. Effects of heavy metals in acute ischemic stroke patients: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28973. [PMID: 35244065 PMCID: PMC8896421 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the second commonest cause of mortality globally and among the commonest causes of disability. However, research executed to probe the heavy metal exposure-stroke incidence relationship is scarce. Accordingly, we executed our study to probe the relationship of heavy metal concentrations (ie, concentrations of lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], cadmium [Cd], and arsenic) in the serum and urine of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with several patient variables.For enrollment, we chose patients who had a first AIS within 7 days after the onset of a stroke. Thus, 33 newly diagnosed patients with AIS were recruited. We determined the aforementioned metals' concentrations by executing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We also gauged the association between such metal concentrations and patient variables by employing Spearman correlation coefficient. To examine the differences in metal concentrations between the different variables, we implemented an independent Mann-Whitney U test.In our cohort analysis, we noted serum Pb and Cd concentrations to be positively correlated with serum creatinine and hemoglobin. Serum and urine Cd concentrations had a negative correlation with impaired HbA1c in AIS patients. Urine Hg had a positive correlation with C-reactive protein in the participants. Participants who smoked or consumed alcohol had significantly higher Pb and Cd levels in serum than did those who neither smoked nor drank. Patients with AIS who smoked or consumed alcohol had high levels of serum Pb and serum Cd than did those who did not. Patients with AIS who consumed alcohol had significantly higher Pb and Hg urine concentrations than did those who did not.Our study indicated that serum Cd and Pb elevation increased the AIS risk in southern Taiwan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Yen
- Section of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yongkang Dist., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsu
- Section of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huang Lin
- Section of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, No. 452, Huanqiu Rd. Luzhu Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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11
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Wang X, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Mukherjee B, Harlow SD, Park SK. Urinary Heavy Metals and Longitudinal Changes in Blood Pressure in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Hypertension 2021; 78:543-551. [PMID: 34148361 PMCID: PMC8266752 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - William H. Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sioban D. Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Abstract
Mercury is a widespread pollutant. Mercuric ions uptake into tubular cells is supported by the Organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and 3 (Oat3) and its elimination into urine is through the Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2). We investigated the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) on renal function and on renal expression of Oat1, Oat3, and Mrp2 in a model of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal damage. Four experimental groups of adult male Wistar rats were used: Control, Epo, HgCl2, and Epo + HgCl2. Epo (3000 IU/kg, b.w., i.p.) was administered 24 h before HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.). Experiments were performed 18 h after the HgCl2 dose. Parameters of renal function and structure were evaluated. The protein expression of Oat1, Oat3 and Mrp2 in renal tissue was assessed by immunoblotting techniques. Mercury levels were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Pretreatment with Epo ameliorated the HgCl2-induced tubular injury as assessed by histopathology and urinary biomarkers. Immunoblotting showed that pretreatment with Epo regulated the renal expression of mercury transporters in a way to decrease mercury content in the kidney. Epo pretreatment ameliorates HgCl2-induced renal tubular injury by modulation of mercury transporters expression in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hazelhoff
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 63029Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A M Torres
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 63029Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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13
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He L, Liu F, Zhao J, Liu Q, Cui L, Yu YL, Fan Y, Li B, Li YF. Temporal trends of urinary mercury in Chinese people from 1970s to 2010s: A review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111460. [PMID: 33120263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals. It can migrate around the globe and magnify through the food chain, ultimately harming human health. Urinary Hg reflects recent exposure of Hg, which reflects the status of environmental contamination by Hg. This review summarized the levels and presented temporal trends of urinary Hg in Chinese people (both the general public and the occupationally exposed people) reported from 1970s to 2010s. It was found that urinary Hg levels in 92.3% of the reported population were less than the reference value (10.0 µg/L) recommended by Chinese health authority, while 76.9% were less than the reference value (4.0 µg/L) recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) in the general public in China. For the temporal trend from 1970s to 2010s, the urinary Hg levels in the general public in China were found to decrease gradually. In the occupationally exposed people, the urinary Hg levels generally exceeded the reference value (10.0 µg/L) for the general public, and about half of them were higher than the occupational exposure limit (35.0 µg/g creatinine) set by Chinese Occupational Health Standard (WS/T 265 - 2006). From 1970s to 2010s, the urinary Hg levels in occupationally exposed population increased first and then decreased slowly. Hg miners in Guizhou were found to have the highest urinary Hg levels, while workers in Anhui, Chongqing, Qinghai and Shanxi also had high levels of urinary Hg. In all, the urinary Hg levels in both the general public and the occupationally exposed people decreased from 1970s to 2010s, especially in recent decades. Attention should be paid to occupationally exposed people since high levels of urinary Hg were found in them. The message provided in this review can help better understand the situation of Hg burden in Chinese people and lay a basis for the coming effectiveness evaluation on the implementation of Minamata Convention on Mercury. Capsule abstract: The urinary Hg levels in both the general public and the occupationally exposed people in China are decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China; CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Metallomics Facility, Beijing 100049, China; National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Metallomics Facility, Beijing 100049, China; National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Shandong Provincial Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Bai Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Metallomics Facility, Beijing 100049, China; National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Metallomics Facility, Beijing 100049, China; National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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So SCA, Tsoi MF, Cheung AJ, Cheung TT, Cheung BMY. Blood and Urine Inorganic and Organic Mercury Levels in the United States from 1999 to 2016. Am J Med 2021; 134:e20-e30. [PMID: 32692984 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury is an environmental hazard. Organic mercury is biologically more toxic than inorganic mercury. Therefore, we studied recent trends in the blood levels of organic and inorganic mercury in the United States. METHODS A total of 56,445 participants that had blood mercury and urine mercury measurements in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016 were included. The organic mercury level was obtained by subtracting the inorganic mercury level from the total mercury level. Results were analyzed using SPSS complex sample module version 25. Pregnant women, children ages <20 years, and different ethnicities were analyzed as subgroups. RESULTS Blood organic mercury level increased from (geometric mean [95% confidence interval]) 0.08 [0.07-0.10] to 0.17 [0.16-0.18] µg/L during 1999-2016. It increased significantly (P <0.001) from 0.03 [0.02-0.03] to 0.07 [0.06-0.07] µg/L in children ages <20 and from 0.14 [0.09-0.21] to 0.36 [0.16-0.83] µg/L in pregnant women in this period (P <0.001). In 2013-2016, non-Hispanic Asians had the highest blood organic mercury level among different ethnicities, 0.93 [0.82-1.05] µg/L (P <0.001). Blood inorganic mercury level decreased from 0.31 [0.31-0.31] in 1999-2000 to 0.21 [0.21-0.22] µg/L in 2015-2016 (P <0.001). Urine mercury level decreased from 0.75 [0.71-0.80] in 1999-2000 to 0.16 [0.16-0.17] µg/L in 2015-2016 (P <0.001). CONCLUSION Blood organic mercury increased over the period 1999-2016 in the US population, including children and pregnant women, whereas there was a steady decline in both blood inorganic mercury and urine mercury levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bernard M Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, University of Hong Kong.
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15
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Astolfi ML, Vitali M, Marconi E, Martellucci S, Mattei V, Canepari S, Protano C. Urinary Mercury Levels and Predictors of Exposure among a Group of Italian Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17249225. [PMID: 33321748 PMCID: PMC7763174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Urinary mercury (Hg) levels are suitable to assess long-term exposure to both elemental and inorganic Hg. In this study, the urinary Hg levels of 250 children (aged 6–11 years) from three areas with different anthropogenic impacts in the Rieti province, central Italy, were assessed. The Hg concentrations were in the range of 0.04–2.18 µg L−1 with a geometric mean equal to 0.18 µg L−1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–0.20 µg L−1] or 0.21 µg g−1 creatinine (95% CI, 0.19–0.23 µg g−1 creatinine), and a reference value calculated as 95th percentile of 0.53 µg L−1 (95% CI, 0.44–0.73 µg L−1) or 0.55 µg g−1 creatinine (95% CI, 0.50–0.83 µg g−1 creatinine). In all cases, urinary Hg data were below the HBM-I values (7 µg L−1 or 5 µg g−1 creatinine) established for urine, while the 95th percentile was above the German Human Biomonitoring Commission’s RV95 (0.4 µg L−1) set for children without amalgam fillings. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found between creatinine-corrected results and residence area, with higher urinary Hg levels in children living in the industrial area. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that creatinine was the main predictor of urinary Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-3384
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (E.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Marconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (E.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (S.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (S.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (E.M.); (C.P.)
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16
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Li C, Niu Q, Wang J, Wei T, Li T, Chen J, Qin X, Yang Q. Bithiophene-based fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and ultrarapid detection of Hg 2+ in water, seafood, urine and live cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 233:118208. [PMID: 32146424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using Hg2+-promoted deprotection reaction, we have developed a new fluorescent turn-on sensor 2TS based on bithiophene fluorophore for Hg2+ detection. The sensing mechanism of 2TS towards Hg2+ was strongly proved by 1H NMR, FTIR, HRMS, UV-vis and fluorescence spectra. Remarkly, 2TS towards Hg2+ in 100% aqueous solution shows high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 19 nM, superior selectivity and ultra-rapid response of 20 s during a wide sensing pH range from 4 to 10. Taking advantage of the excellent properties, the low-cost sensor 2TS-based filter paper/TLC test strips were fabricated for visual, immediate and quantitative detection of Hg2+ in water, proving its applicability towards sensitive in-situ and on-site detection. Meanwhile, 2TS showed high analytical performance for Hg2+ detection in water, seafood as well as human urine samples. Moreover, thanks to the good water solubility, negligible cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and cell-membrane permeability, 2TS was further applied to effectively image Hg2+ in live cells. Furthermore, the developed sensor 2TS acted as good fluorescent display material for Hg2+ with obvious color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxin Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang C, Gan C, Ding L, Xiong M, Zhang A, Li P. Maternal inorganic mercury exposure and renal effects in the Wanshan mercury mining area, southwest China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109987. [PMID: 31784104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between urine mercury (UHg) concentrations and renal function (serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)) in delivery women in the Wanshan mercury (Hg) mining area. Leishan County was selected as the control area. 165 and 65 maternal samples were collected from the Wanshan and Leishan area, respectively. The geometric means of UHg concentrations were 1.09 and 0.29 μg/L in Wanshan and Leishan subjects, respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.01) of UHg were observed between the two populations, indicating the potential risks of inorganic Hg exposure in the Wanshan population. The median (interquartile range) values of SCr were 69.1 (12.5) μmol/L and 46.0 (11.0) μmol/L for the Wanshan and Leishan populations, respectively, indicating significant differences (p < 0.01) between the two groups. However, no significant differences among BUN values for the two groups were observed. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) was observed between UHg concentration and SCr in the study population. The odds ratio (OR) value of UHg in Wanshan area was 9.29 times higher than that in Leishan area (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.58-24.1). The OR value of SCr decrease in patients with low UHg was 0.32 times higher than that in patients with high UHg (95% CI: 0.19-0.55). The OR value of SCr decrease in the population with fish consumption was 0.71 times higher than that of the population without fish consumption (95% CI: 0.58-0.88). In conclusion, maternal IHg exposure caused impaired renal function and fish consumption may play a role in preventing Hg-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Min Xiong
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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18
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Yıldırım E, Derici MK, Demir E, Apaydın H, Koçak Ö, Kan Ö, Görkem Ü. Is the Concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Selenium Related to Preterm Birth? Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:306-312. [PMID: 30600504 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution and exposure of people to heavy metals cause many bad obstetric outcomes. Our aim is to demonstrate the role of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) in preterm labor etiology with a case-control study. In this study, between November 2017 and April 2018, preterm delivery mothers and term delivery mothers were compared in Çorum, Turkey. All deliveries were performed with cesarean sections and there were 30 mothers in the control group and 20 in the study group. The maternal blood, maternal urine, umbilical cord blood, and heavy metal levels in the amnion fluid in both groups were studied. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the blood concentration of Cd, Pb, Hg, and Se. We found lower levels of selenium in blood and urine of preterm delivery mothers and umbilical cord and amnion fluids of preterm infants (p < 0.01). We found a statistically significant positive correlation at selenium levels between mother's blood and umbilical cord blood (r (50) = 0.896, p < 0.001) and between maternal urine and amniotic fluid (r (50) = 0.841, p < 0.001). We have not found a similar correlation between mother and fetus of other metals (p > 0.05). We found that selenium levels were lower in mothers who were preterm birth in the light of the data in our study. We could not determine the positive or negative correlation of Cd, Pb, and Hg levels in blood, urine, and amniotic fluid samples with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Yıldırım
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kürşat Derici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey.
| | - Emre Demir
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Apaydın
- HUBTUAM Research Center, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Özgür Koçak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ümit Görkem
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
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19
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Forte G, Fadda C, Bocca B, Erre GL, Passiu G, Madeddu R. Association Between Exposure to Heavy Metals and Systemic Sclerosis: the Levels of Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb in Blood and Urine of Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:1-10. [PMID: 30215191 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease; exogenous factors-including heavy metals-may have a role in the disease pathogenesis. In this context, a study on the quantification of Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb in blood and urine of 27 SSc patients and 30 controls was carried out. Main findings were that Al was significantly depleted in blood and increased in urine of SSc patients respect to controls; and Pb was found slightly increased in blood and significantly decreased in SSc group. In addition, higher Hg levels in urine were found in SSc subjects with the higher severity of the disease. Females showed the most marked differences in the levels of blood Al, blood Pb, and urine Cd between patients and controls. Smoking, hobby, ingestion of contaminated food, job exposure may contribute to the bodily levels of Al, Hg, Pb in SSc patients. The results indicated that low, chronic, and multiple exposures to heavy metals-also through habits, diet, and environment-may influence the risk for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Forte
- Italian National Institute for Health, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Italian National Institute for Health, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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Queipo-Abad S, González PR, Martínez-Morillo E, Davis WC, García Alonso JI. Concentration of mercury species in hair, blood and urine of individuals occupationally exposed to gaseous elemental mercury in Asturias (Spain) and its comparison with individuals from a control group formed by close relatives. Sci Total Environ 2019; 672:314-323. [PMID: 30959298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Between November 19th, 2012 and December 3rd, 2012, 50 workers were intoxicated with gaseous Hg in San Juan de Nieva (Asturias, Spain) during the maintenance of a heat exchanger of a zinc manufacturer. We have quantified the concentration of methylmercury (MeHg), ethylmercury (EtHg) and Hg(II) in blood, hair and urine samples of those individuals taken three years after the accident. Blood, hair and urine of their closest relatives were also analyzed to assess whether the mercury burden present in the intoxicated individuals was due to the occupational exposure or to environmental or lifestyle-related factors. The determination of the mercury species in the samples was carried out applying multiple spiking Isotope Dilution GC-ICP-MS. This procedure corrects for possible interconversion reactions between the Hg species during the sample preparation procedure. Linear correlations were observed for both groups when plotting MeHg in blood vs MeHg in hair, and MeHg in hair vs Hg (II) in urine. The concentrations of Hg species in the intoxicated individuals were not significantly different from those obtained in the control group except for MeHg in blood. Significantly higher levels of MeHg in blood were obtained in some of the intoxicated individuals who had not consumed fish or seafood since the accident. A different correlation between MeHg in hair and MeHg in blood was obtained for these individuals compared to the control group who showed a hair-to-blood ratio consistent with the reported value for people exposed to Hg via fish consumption. Our results suggest that ingested MeHg followed the same pathway of deposition in hair in exposed and non-exposed individuals. However, the exposed individuals with high MeHg levels in blood showed a significantly different extent of MeHg deposition in hair compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Queipo-Abad
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Morillo
- Service of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - José Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Castaño A, Pedraza-Díaz S, Cañas AI, Pérez-Gómez B, Ramos JJ, Bartolomé M, Pärt P, Soto EP, Motas M, Navarro C, Calvo E, Esteban M. Mercury levels in blood, urine and hair in a nation-wide sample of Spanish adults. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670:262-270. [PMID: 30903899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is among the top 10 environmental chemicals of major public health concern (WHO). The Minamata Convention on Mercury (United Nations Environment Program, 2017), commits signing countries to control anthropogenic mercury emissions and reduce human exposure. Human biomonitoring (HBM) programs, are the most straight-forward approaches to get information on the actual exposure levels in the population and assess over time. We report here the results of a HBM study in a nationwide cross-section of Spanish adults (18-65y) as baseline values obtained before the Minamata Convention entered into force. Subsequent follow-ups will show if the Convention has been successful. The study includes 1880 blood samples, 1704 urine samples and 577 hair samples from all Spanish regions collected and analysed under a strictly quality controlled and quality assured protocol. The EU-DEMOCOPHES project demonstrated that fish and seafood are the major sources of mercury exposure and that the Spanish as well as the Portuguese populations have higher levels than other European countries. The data from the present study confirms this pattern at national level and that inhabitants in coastal regions have higher values than from inland regions. The geometric mean (GM) for blood is 6.35 μg Hg/l, in urine is 1.11 μg Hg/l and for hair is 1.91 μg Hg/g. In an international comparison these values are not exceptional. Spanish concentrations fall into the group of Easter Mediterranean populations. Although information on gender, age, occupational sector, geographical area, sampling period and frequency of fish consumption is reported in the tables, the purpose of this paper has not been to analyse the determinants of exposure in detail but to provide baseline data for future assessments and for regional authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castaño
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Pedraza-Díaz
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A I Cañas
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - J J Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bartolomé
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Pärt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish Agricultural University, Sweden
| | - E P Soto
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Motas
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Navarro
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Calvo
- Ibermutuamur, Ramirez de Arellano 27, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Gao T, Huang X, Huang S, Dong J, Yuan K, Feng X, Liu T, Yu K, Zeng W. Sensitive Water-Soluble Fluorescent Probe Based on Umpolung and Aggregation-Induced Emission Strategies for Selective Detection of Hg 2+ in Living Cells and Zebrafish. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2377-2383. [PMID: 30707026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using Hg2+-induced umpolung reaction and aggregation induced emission (AIE), we have rationally developed a water-soluble fluorescent probe 2,2'-(((4-(4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)methylene)bis(sulfanediyl))diethanol (MPIPBS) for Hg2+ detection. MPIPBS was found to have high selectivity and sensitivity toward Hg2+ detection. The mechanism of MPIPBS response to Hg2+ was verified by 1H NMR titration, HPLC, and HRMS spectroscopy. The detection limit was examined to be 1.45 nM, which is lower than most reported probes for Hg2+. Taking advantage of excellent optical properties of AIEgen, a paper based sensor for Hg2+ detection was fabricated by immobilizing the MPIPBS on Waterman test paper. Meanwhile, MPIPBS showed satisfactory analytical performance in real water and urine samples. Further, thanks to the high water solubility, cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity, MPIPBS was further used to detect Hg2+ both in living cells and zebrafish. We anticipate that the prepared probe was available to detect Hg2+ in environment and biosamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Gao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Central South University , Changsha 410013 , China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Central South University , Changsha 410013 , China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Central South University , Changsha 410013 , China
| | - Jie Dong
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , China
| | - Xueping Feng
- Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Central South University , Changsha 410013 , China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury poisoning is an uncommon diagnosis in the United States, but it is a differential diagnosis that physicians should consider because it can lead to potentially fatal complications if untreated. Due to the nonspecific presentation of mercury poisoning, which includes symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, misdiagnosis may occur unless a proper history is taken. CASE REPORT In the present case, a white female patient was misdiagnosed repeatedly with a viral illness and sent home from the local hospital. The patient presented with a diffuse full-body rash, fever, myalgias, headache, peripheral neuropathy, oral paresthesias, and tender cervical posterior lymphadenopathy. After obtaining a thorough history, it was discovered that the patient and her family were exposed to mercury through a spill of elemental mercury in their home. Blood mercury levels in the patient were 170 ng/mL. The patient was treated with a course of dimercaprol. Her symptoms improved and she was discharged on hospital day 5. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Ultimately, mercury poisoning is a treatable condition, but if exposure continues and the patient is not treated, it may lead to complications such as severe pneumonitis, renal tubular necrosis, and neurological dysfunction. In some instances, neurological symptoms may persist even if the source of exposure is removed. For these reasons, recognition and prompt treatment after a suspected exposure is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Kamensky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia; Department of Internal Medicine, Navicent Health, Macon, Georgia
| | - Destiny Horton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia; Department of Internal Medicine, Navicent Health, Macon, Georgia
| | | | - Christy C Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia
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Abstract
Mercury is a toxic metal that can be measured in human blood and urine. Population-based biomonitoring from 2004 guided New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) efforts to reduce exposures by educating the public about risks and benefits of fish consumption-a predominant source of exposure in the general population-and removing mercury-containing skin-lightening creams and other consumer products from the marketplace. We describe changes in exposures over the past decade in relation to these local public health actions and in the context of national changes by comparing mercury concentrations measured in blood (1201 specimens) and urine (1408 specimens) from the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) 2013-2014 with measurements from NYC HANES 2004 and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003-2004 and 2013-2014. We found that NYC adult blood and urine geometric mean mercury concentrations decreased 46% and 45%, respectively. Adult New Yorkers with blood mercury concentration ≥ 5 μg/L (the New York State reportable level) declined from 24.8% (95% CL = 22.2%, 27.7%) to 12.0% (95% CL = 10.1%, 14.3%). The decline in blood mercury in NYC was greater than the national decline, while the decline in urine mercury was similar. As in 2004, Asian New Yorkers had higher blood mercury concentrations than other racial/ethnic groups. Foreign-born adults of East or Southeast Asian origin had the highest prevalence of reportable levels (29.7%; 95% CL = 21.0%, 40.1%) across sociodemographic groups, and Asians generally were the most frequent fish consumers, eating on average 11 fish meals in the past month compared with 7 among other groups (p < 0.001). Fish consumption patterns were similar over time, and fish continues to be consumed more frequently in NYC than nationwide (24.7% of NYC adults ate fish ten or more times in the past 30 days vs. 14.7% nationally, p < 0.001). The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that blood mercury levels have declined in part because of local and national efforts to promote consumption of lower mercury fish. Local NYC efforts may have accelerated the reduction in exposure. Having "silver-colored fillings" on five or more teeth was associated with the highest 95th percentile for urine mercury (4.06 μg/L; 95% CL = 3.1, 5.9). An estimated 5.5% of the adult population (95% CL = 4.3%, 7.0%) reported using a skin-lightening cream in the past 30 days, but there was little evidence that use was associated with elevated urine mercury in 2013-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy McKelvey
- Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, 3rd floor, CN-34E, New York, NY, 10013, USA.
| | - Byron Alex
- Public Health/Preventive Medicine Residency, New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA
| | - Claudia Chernov
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 11101, USA
| | - Paromita Hore
- Division of Environmental Health, New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Amy J Steuerwald
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Sharon E Perlman
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 11101, USA
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Basu N, Horvat M, Evers DC, Zastenskaya I, Weihe P, Tempowski J. A State-of-the-Science Review of Mercury Biomarkers in Human Populations Worldwide between 2000 and 2018. Environ Health Perspect 2018; 126:106001. [PMID: 30407086 PMCID: PMC6371716 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Minamata Convention on Mercury provided a mandate for action against global mercury pollution. However, our knowledge of mercury exposures is limited because there are many regions and subpopulations with little or no data. OBJECTIVE We aimed to increase worldwide understanding of human exposures to mercury by collecting, collating, and analyzing mercury concentrations in biomarker samples reported in the published scientific literature. METHOD A systematic search of the peer-reviewed scientific literature was performed using three databases. A priori search strategy, eligibility criteria, and data extraction steps were used to identify relevant studies. RESULTS We collected 424,858 mercury biomarker measurements from 335,991 individuals represented in 312 articles from 75 countries. General background populations with insignificant exposures have blood, hair, and urine mercury levels that generally fall under [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. We identified four populations of concern: a) Arctic populations who consume fish and marine mammals; b) tropical riverine communities (especially Amazonian) who consume fish and in some cases may be exposed to mining; c) coastal and/or small-island communities who substantially depend on seafood; and d) individuals who either work or reside among artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that all populations worldwide are exposed to some amount of mercury and that there is great variability in exposures within and across countries and regions. There remain many geographic regions and subpopulations with limited data, thus hindering evidence-based decision making. This type of information is critical in helping understand exposures, particularly in light of certain stipulations in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3904.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Irina Zastenskaya
- European Centre for Environment and Health, World Health Organization, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
| | - Joanna Tempowski
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kuras R, Reszka E, Wieczorek E, Jablonska E, Gromadzinska J, Malachowska B, Kozlowska L, Stanislawska M, Janasik B, Wasowicz W. Biomarkers of selenium status and antioxidant effect in workers occupationally exposed to mercury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:43-50. [PMID: 29895371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present observation based research was designed to evaluate the influence of occupational human exposure to metallic mercury (Hg°) vapor on the biomarkers of selenium status involved in the antioxidant defense system. For this purpose we determined Hg and selenium (Se) concentrations in body fluids, the markers of antioxidant effect measured as an activity of Se-dependent enzymes (red blood cell and plasma glutathione peroxidase: GPx1-RBC and GPx3-P), concentration of selenoprotein P in the plasma (SeP-P) and total antioxidant activity in the plasma (TAA-P) in 131 male workers from a chloralkali plant exposed to Hg° and 67 non-exposed males (control group). The mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidases (GPX1, GPX3), selenoprotein P (SEPP1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1), thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), peroxiredoxins (PRDX1, PRDX2) were also examined in the leukocytes of peripheral blood. Hg concentration in the blood (Hg-B) and urine (Hg-U) samples was determined using the thermal decomposition amalgamation/atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS) method and Se concentrations in plasma (Se-P) and urine (Se-U) using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Activities of GPx1-RBC, GPx3-P and TAA-P were determined using the kinetic and spectrophotometric method, respectively. Gene expression analysis was performed using the quantitative Real-Time PCR. The results showed significant higher Hg levels among the Hg°-exposed workers in comparison to control group (12-times higher median for Hg-B and almost 74-times higher median for Hg-U concentration in chloralkali workers). Se-P was also significantly higher (Me (median): 82.85 μg/L (IQR (interquartile range) 72.03-90.28 μg/L) for chloralkali workers vs. Me: 72.74 μg/L (IQR 66.25-80.14 μg/L) for control group; p = 0.0001) but interestingly correlated inversely with Hg-U in chloralkali workers suggesting depletion of the Se protection among the workers with the highest Hg-U concentration. The mRNA level for GPX1, PRXD1 were markedly but significantly higher in the workers compared to the control group. Moreover, concentrations of Hg-B and Hg-U among the workers were significantly positively correlated with the levels of selenoprotein P at both the mRNA and selenoprotein levels. In the multivariate model, after adjusting to cofounders (dental amalgam fillings, age, BMI, job seniority time, smoking), we confirmed that Hg-U concentration was inversely correlated with genes expression of TRXR1. This is the first comprehensive assessment of the impact of occupational exposure of workers to Hg° at both the mRNA and selenoprotein levels, with investigation of fish intake obtained by means of a questionnaire. These findings suggest that exposure to Hg° alters gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes and the level of Se-containing selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kuras
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Gromadzinska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Malachowska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Mazowiecka 15 Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Kozlowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stanislawska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Janasik
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Wasowicz
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
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Imo D, Muff S, Schierl R, Byber K, Hitzke C, Bopp M, Maggi M, Bose-O'Reilly S, Held L, Dressel H. Human-biomonitoring and individual soil measurements for children and mothers in an area with recently detected mercury-contaminations and public health concerns: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Health Res 2018; 28:391-406. [PMID: 29962229 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1479517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed intracorporal mercury concentrations in subjects living on partially mercury-contaminated soils in a defined area in Switzerland. We assessed 64 mothers and 107 children who resided in a defined area for at least 3 months. Mercury in biological samples (urine and hair) was measured, a detailed questionnaire was administered for each individual, and individual mercury soil values were obtained. Human biomonitoring results were compared with health-related and reference values. Mothers and children in our study had geometric means (GMs) of 0.22 µg Hg/g creatinine in urine (95th percentile (P95) = 0.85 µg Hg/g) and 0.16 µg Hg/g (P95 = 0.56 µg Hg/g), respectively. In hair, mothers and children had GMs of 0.21 µg Hg/g (P95 = 0.94 µg/g) and 0.18 µg/g (P95 = 0.60 µg/g), respectively. We found no evidence for an association between mercury values in soil and those in human specimens nor for a health threat in residential mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Imo
- a Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich & University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Muff
- b Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Schierl
- c WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Katarzyna Byber
- a Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich & University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Christine Hitzke
- a Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich & University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bopp
- d Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Marion Maggi
- a Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich & University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- c WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
- e Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment , UMIT (University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology) , Hall in Tirol , Austria
| | - Leonhard Held
- b Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Holger Dressel
- a Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute , University of Zurich & University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Wilson E, Lafferty JS, Thiboldeaux R, Tomasallo C, Grajewski B, Wozniak R, Meiman J. Occupational Mercury Exposure at a Fluorescent Lamp Recycling Facility - Wisconsin, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:763-766. [PMID: 30001557 PMCID: PMC6047466 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6727a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Decharat S. Urinary Mercury Levels Among Workers in E-waste Shops in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. J Prev Med Public Health 2018. [PMID: 30071707 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.18.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine urinary mercury levels in e-waste workers in Southern Thailand and the airborne mercury levels in the e-waste shops where they worked, to describe the associations between urinary and airborne mercury levels, and to evaluate the prevalence of mercury exposure-related health effects among e-waste workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 79 workers in 25 e-waste shops who lived in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Information on general and occupational characteristics, personal protective equipment use, and personal hygiene was collected by questionnaire. Urine samples were collected to determine mercury levels using a cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometer mercury analyzer. RESULTS The e-waste workers' urinary mercury levels were 11.60±5.23 μg/g creatinine (range, 2.00 to 26.00 μg/g creatinine) and the mean airborne mercury levels were 17.00±0.50 μg/m3 (range, 3.00 to 29.00 μg/m3). The urinary and airborne mercury levels were significantly correlated (r=0.552, p<0.001). The prevalence of self-reported symptoms was 46.8% for insomnia, 36.7% for muscle atrophy, 24.1% for weakness, and 20.3% for headaches. CONCLUSIONS Personal hygiene was found to be an important protective factor, and should therefore be stressed in educational programs. Employers should implement engineering measures to reduce urinary mercury levels and the prevalence of associated health symptoms among e-waste workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somsiri Decharat
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
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Lu Z, Ma Y, Gao L, Li Y, Li Q, Qiang M. Urine mercury levels correlate with DNA methylation of imprinting gene H19 in the sperm of reproductive-aged men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196314. [PMID: 29698523 PMCID: PMC5919660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mercury (Hg) is a well-recognized environmental pollutant known by its toxicity of development and neurotoxicity, which results in adverse health outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the teratogenic effects of Hg are not well understood. Imprinting genes are emerging regulators for fetal development subjecting to environmental pollutants impacts. In this study, we examined the association between preconceptional Hg exposure and the alteration of DNA methylation of imprinting genes H19, Meg3, and Peg3 in human sperm DNA. Methods A total of 616 men, aged from 22 to 59, were recruited from Reproductive Medicine Clinic of Maternal and Child Care Service Center and the Urologic Surgery Clinic of Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences during April 2015 and March 2016. Demographic information was collected through questionnaires. Urine was collected and urinary Hg concentrations were measured using a fully-automatic double-channel hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Methylation of imprinting genes H19, Meg3 and Peg3 of sperm DNA from 242 participants were examined by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Spearman’s rank and multivariate regression analysis were used for correlation analysis between sperm DNA methylation status of imprinting genes and urinary Hg levels. Results The median concentration of Hg for 616 participants was 9.14μg/l (IQR: 5.56–12.52 μg/l; ranging 0.16–71.35μg/l). A total of 42.7% of the participants are beyond normal level for non-occupational exposure according to the criterion of Hg poisoning (≥10 μg/L). Spearman’s rank analysis indicated a negative correlation between urinary Hg concentrations and average DNA methylation levels of imprinted genes H19 (rs = −0.346, p <0.05), but there was no such a correlation for Peg3 and Meg3. Further, we analyzed the correlation between methylation level at individual CpG site of H19 and urinary Hg level. The results showed a negative correlation between urinary Hg concentrations and three out of seven CpG sites on H19 DMR, namely CpG2 (rs = −0.137, p <0.05), CpG4 (rs = −0.380, p <0.05) and CpG6 (rs = −0.228, p <0.05). After adjusting age, smoking, drinking, intake of aquatic products and education by multivariate regression analysis, the results have confirmed the correlation as mentioned above. Conclusions Mercury non-occupational environmental exposure in reproductive-aged men was associated with altered DNA methylation outcomes at imprinting gene H19 in sperm, implicating the susceptibility of the developing sperm for environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yufeng Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linying Gao
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Andrology, Children’s Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei Qiang
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Schutzmeier P, Focil Baquerizo A, Castillo-Tandazo W, Focil N, Bose-O’Reilly S. Efficacy of N,N'bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide on mercury intoxication: a randomized controlled trial. Environ Health 2018; 17:15. [PMID: 29444690 PMCID: PMC5813329 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic mercury intoxication is a severe health issue and occurs especially in gold mining communities. Common chelators used for improving mercury elimination are not everywhere available and challenged by poor cell wall penetration. This study is part of a feasibility trial and the aim was to gather first information about the efficacy of the newly developed chelator N,N'bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI) on chronic mercury intoxication. METHODS In this three-armed, placebo-controlled randomized trial, 36 miners with mercury urine levels exceeding 15 μg/l were administered 100 mg NBMI, 300 mg NBMI or placebo for 14 days. Levels of mercury in urine [μg/l and μg/g creatinine] and plasma l were analyzed. Therapeutic effect was assessed using the medical intoxication score (MIS) and its single health outcomes (e.g. excessive salivation, sleeping problems), fatigue scores, a neuromotoric test battery (CATSYS) and a neurological outcome (Finger to nose test). RESULTS Physical fatigue was significantly decreased in the 300 mg NBMI group compared to the control. Mercury concentration in urine following 300 mg NBMI treatment was significantly lowered compared to control, however, this effect was less distinct with adjustment for creatinine. CONCLUSION NBMI showed an effect on physical fatigue and there were indications to positive effects on other symptoms as well. More comprehensive studies are mandatory to verify the effects of NBMI as a novel tool for treating mercury intoxications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02486289 . Date of registration: June 24, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schutzmeier
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, University Hospital Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Bose-O’Reilly
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, University Hospital Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT (University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology), A-6060 Hall i.T, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schecter A, Kincaid J, Quynh HT, Lanceta J, Tran HTT, Crandall R, Shropshire W, Birnbaum LS. Biomonitoring of Metals, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Persistent Pesticides in Vietnamese Female Electronic Waste Recyclers. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:191-197. [PMID: 29099469 PMCID: PMC6108319 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic waste is increasing. It is frequently recycled in developing countries. This is the first study to report metals, polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-DDE concentrations in female e-waste workers. METHODS Female Vietnamese recyclers and non-recyclers were studied. Metals and halogenated organics were measured in blood and urine, and compared with levels in women in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RESULTS Recyclers had higher serum PBDE than nonrecyclers. PCB-138/158 and PCB-153 were higher in 18 to less than 38-year-old nonrecyclers. Median urinary arsenic in both cohorts was six to seven-fold higher than NHANES. Median lead in blood and urine was 40% to 60% higher in recyclers than nonrecyclers. Lead in nonrecyclers was four to six-fold higher than NHANES. Both cohorts had higher arsenic and mercury than NHANES. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to PBDEs and lead occurred in recyclers. Environmental exposure to arsenic, lead, and mercury occurred in both cohorts. Occupational and environmental remediation are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Schecter, Mr Crandall); Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Kincaid); Centre for Ecologically Sustainable Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dr Quynh); University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Lanceta); Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dr Tran); University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas (Mr Shropshire); and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dr Birnbaum)
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Sung JH, Oh I, Kim A, Lee J, Sim CS, Yoo C, Park SJ, Kim GB, Kim Y. Environmental and Body Concentrations of Heavy Metals at Sites Near and Distant from Industrial Complexes in Ulsan, Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e33. [PMID: 29349943 PMCID: PMC5773847 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial pollution may affect the heavy metal body burden of people living near industrial complexes. We determined the average concentrations of atmospheric heavy metals in areas close to and distant from industrial complexes in Korea, and the body concentrations of these heavy metals in residents living near and distant from these facilities. METHODS The atmospheric data of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) were from the Regional Air Monitoring Network in Ulsan. We recruited 1,148 participants, 872 who lived near an industrial complex ("exposed" group) and 276 who lived distant from industrial complexes ("non-exposed" group), and measured their concentrations of blood lead, urinary cadmium, and urinary total mercury. RESULTS The results showed that atmospheric and human concentrations of heavy metals were higher in areas near industrial complexes. In addition, residents living near industrial complexes had higher individual and combined concentrations (cadmium + lead + mercury) of heavy metals. CONCLUSION We conclude that residents living near industrial complexes are exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals, and should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Sung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Inbo Oh
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ahra Kim
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chang Sun Sim
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Cheolin Yoo
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Geun Bae Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
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Jain RB. Trends in and factors affecting the observed levels of urinary inorganic and total blood mercury among US children, adolescents, adults, and senior citizens over 2005-2012. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 56:268-281. [PMID: 29055217 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2005-2012 were used to (i) study adjusted and unadjusted trends in the levels of urinary inorganic mercury (UIHG) and total blood mercury (TBHG) and (ii) factors that affect the observed levels of UIHG and TBHG among children aged 1-5 (CHLD15) and 6-11 (CHLD611) years, adolescents aged 12-19 years (ADOL), adults aged 20-64 years (ADLT), and senior citizens aged >=65 years (SNR). Decrease in adjusted levels of UIHG for each 2-year NHANES cycle for CHLD611 was 0.08114ng/L, 0.08379ng/L for ADOLs, and 0.12ng/L for ADLTs. Decreases in adjusted levels (AGM) of TBHG for each 2-year NHANES cycle were: 0.0632ng/L for CHLD15, 0.10239ng/L for CHLD611, 0.06424ng/L for ADOLs, and 0.056088ng/L for ADLTs. Among CHLD15 (0.34 vs. 0.39μg/L, p<0.01) and CHLD611 (0.42 vs. 0.44μg/L, p=0.04), males had lower AGMs for TBHG than females but among ADLTs (0.84 vs. 0.80μg/L, p<0.01) and SNRs (0.82 vs. 0.71μg/L, p<0.01) the reverse was true. For UIHG, for ADLTs (0.33 vs. 0.45μg/L, p<0.01) and SNRs (0.27 vs. 0.35μg/L, p<0.01) males had lower AGMs than females. Irrespective of age, those who were in unclassified race/ethnic group had the highest AGMs when compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans and the differences, more often than not, were statistically significant (p<0.01). Irrespective of age, fish and shellfish consumption during the last 30days was associated with higher AGMs for both UIHG and TBHG than when fish and shellfish were not consumed and the differences were always statistically significant (p<0.01). Nonsmoker ADLTs (0.86 vs. 0.78μg/L, p<0.01) and SNRs (0.83 vs. 0.71μg/L, p<0.01) were found to have higher adjusted levels of TBHG than smokers. It is hypothesized that constituents in tobacco smoke may accelerate excretion of mercury from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- Private Consultant, Dacula, 2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula GA 30019, USA.
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Jafari T, Rostampour N, Fallah AA, Hesami A. The association between mercury levels and autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:289-297. [PMID: 28965590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The relationship between mercury and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has always been a topic of controversy among researchers. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ASD and mercury levels in hair, urine, blood, red blood cells (RBC), and brain through a meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was performed in several databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane register of controlled trials, Google Scholar, Scopus, and MagIran until June 2017. Case-control studies evaluating concentration of total mercury in different tissues of ASD patients and comparing them to the healthy subjects (control group) were identified. Necessary data were extracted and random effects model was used to calculate overall effect and its 95% corresponding confidence interval (CI) from the effect sizes. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were identified that met the necessary criteria for meta-analysis. The mercury level in whole blood (Hedges=0.43, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74, P=0.007), RBC (Hedges=1.61, 95% CI: 0.83, 2.38, P<0.001), and brain (0.61ng/g, 95% CI, 0.02, 1.19, P=0.043) was significantly higher in ASD patients than healthy subjects, whereas mercury level in hair (-0.14mg/g, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01, P=0.039) was significantly lower in ASD patients than healthy subjects. The mercury level in urine was not significantly different between ASD patients and healthy subjects (0.51mg/g creatinine, 95% CI: -0.14, 1.16, P=0.121). CONCLUSIONS Results of the current meta-analysis revealed that mercury is an important causal factor in the etiology of ASD. It seems that the detoxification and excretory mechanisms are impaired in ASD patients which lead to accumulation of mercury in the body. Future additional studies on mercury levels in different tissues of ASD patients should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jafari
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharhekord, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Noushin Rostampour
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Aziz A Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 34141, Iran
| | - Afshin Hesami
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharhekord, Iran
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Woods MM, Lanphear BP, Braun JM, McCandless LC. Gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to infant birth weight: a Bayesian analysis of the HOME Study. Environ Health 2017; 16:115. [PMID: 29078782 PMCID: PMC5658906 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women are exposed to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Gestational EDC exposures may be associated with changes in fetal growth that elevates the risk for poor health later in life, but few studies have examined the health effects of simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals. This study aimed to examine the association of gestational exposure to five chemical classes of potential EDCs: phthalates and bisphenol A, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with infant birth weight. METHODS Using data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of Environment (HOME) Study, we examined 272 pregnant women enrolled between 2003-2006. EDC concentrations were quantified in blood and urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks gestation. We used Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Models (BHLM) to examine the associations between newborn birth weight and 53 EDCs, 2 organochlorine pesticides (OPPs) and 2 heavy metals. RESULTS For a 10-fold increase in chemical concentration, the mean differences in birth weights (95% credible intervals (CI)) were 1 g (-20, 23) for phthalates, -11 g (-52, 34) for PFAS, 0.2 g (-9, 10) for PCBs, -4 g (-30, 22) for PBDEs, and 7 g (-25, 40) for OCPs. CONCLUSION Gestational exposure to phthalates, PFAS, PCBs, PBDEs, OCPs or OPPs had null or small associations with birth weight. Gestational OPP, Pb, and PFAS exposures were most strongly associated with lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Woods
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Rm 11300, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Rm 11300, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Box G-S121-2, 121 South Main St, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Lawrence C. McCandless
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Rm 11300, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Science, 3182 Earth Science Building, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Arcega-Cabrera F, Fargher LF, Oceguera-Vargas I, Noreña-Barroso E, Yánez-Estrada L, Alvarado J, González L, Moo-Puc R, Pérez-Herrera N, Quesadas-Rojas M, Pérez-Medina S. Water Consumption as Source of Arsenic, Chromium, and Mercury in Children Living in Rural Yucatan, Mexico: Blood and Urine Levels. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:452-459. [PMID: 28776191 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the correlation between metal content in water and metal levels in children are scarce worldwide, but especially in developing nations. Therefore, this study investigates the correlation between arsenic, chromium, and mercury concentrations in drinking and cooking water and in blood and urine samples collected from healthy and supposedly non-exposed children from a rural area in Yucatan, Mexico. Mercury in water shows concentrations above the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) value for drinking and cooking water. Also, 25% of the children show mercury in urine above the WHO recommended value. Multivariate analyses show a significant role for drinking and cooking water as a vector of exposure in children. Also, the factor analysis shows chronic exposure in the case of arsenic, as well as an ongoing detoxification process through urine in the case of mercury. Further studies should be done in order to determine other potential metal exposure pathways among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - L F Fargher
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - I Oceguera-Vargas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Yánez-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L González
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R Moo-Puc
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "Ignacio García Téllez" Mérida, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calle 41 No. 439, Col. Industrial, 97150, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - N Pérez-Herrera
- Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzaes No. 498 x 59-A, Colonia Centro, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M Quesadas-Rojas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - S Pérez-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Al-Saleh I, Al-Rouqi R, Elkhatib R, Abduljabbar M, Al-Rajudi T. Risk assessment of environmental exposure to heavy metals in mothers and their respective infants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1252-1278. [PMID: 28869188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals can cause renal injury, which has been well documented in occupational exposure. Studies of low exposure in the general population, however, are still scarce, particularly for vulnerable populations such as mothers and young children. This study evaluated exposure to heavy metals, and biomarkers of renal function and oxidative stress in 944 lactating mothers and their infants and investigated the role of the interaction between heavy metals and oxidative stress in altering renal function. Mother and infant urine samples were analyzed to measure mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations for determining body-burden exposure; N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), albumin (ALB), and creatinine (Cr) concentrations for determining early renal injury; and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations for determining oxidative stress. The median concentrclearlyations in mothers presented as μg/g Cr (infants as μg/l) for Hg, Cd, and Pb were 0.695 (0.716), 0.322 (0.343), and 3.97 (5.306) respectively. The mothers and their infants had clearly been exposed to heavy metals and had levels higher than the reference values reported for the general populations of USA, Germany, and Canada. Multiple regression analyses clearly demonstrated associations between urinary heavy metals in quartiles and several renal and oxidative biomarkers in mothers and to a lesser extent their infants. ß coefficients for urinary excretions of MDA, 8-OHdG, ALB, α1-MG, NAG, and Cr in mothers were high in the highest quartile of Hg (1.183-51.29μg/g Cr or 1.732-106.95μg/l), Cd (0.565-765.776μg/g Cr or 0.785-1347.0μg/l), and Pb (6.606-83.937μg/g Cr or 9.459-80.826μg/l), except Pb was not associated with ALB. Infants in the highest Pb quartile (9.293-263.098μg/l) had the highest ß coefficients of urinary excretion of MDA, 8-OHdG, ALB, NAG, and Cr. Significant increasing trend in biomarkers across the quartiles of the three metals was seen in both mothers and infants (ptrend <0.001). A receiver operating characteristic analysis supported the predictive abilities of the four renal biomarkers in discriminating between low versus high metal quartiles. The interaction between heavy metals and oxidative stress contributed to the high excretions of renal biomarkers, but the mechanism remains unclear. These findings add to the limited evidence that low exposure to heavy metals in the general population is associated with alterations in renal function that could eventually progress to renal damage if exposure continues and that children are more susceptible due to the immaturity of their body organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abduljabbar
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajudi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease leading to death within 3-5 years in most cases. New approaches to treating this disease are needed. Here, we report a successful therapy. CASE REPORT In a 49-year-old male patient suffering from muscle weakness and fasciculations, progressive muscular atrophy, a variant of ALS, was diagnosed after extensive examinations ruling out other diseases. Due to supposed mercury exposure from residual amalgam, the patient's teeth were restored. Then, the patient received sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfate (DMPS; overall 86 × 250 mg in 3 years) in combination with α-lipoic acid and followed by selenium. In addition, he took vitamins and micronutrients and kept a vegetarian diet. The excretion of metals was monitored in the urine. The success of the therapy was followed by scoring muscle weakness and fasciculations and finally by electromyography (EMG) of the affected muscles. First improvements occurred after the dental restorations. Two months after starting therapy with DMPS, the mercury level in the urine was increased (248.4 µg/g creatinine). After 1.5 years, EMG confirmed the absence of typical signs of ALS. In the course of 3 years, the patient recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS The therapy described here is a promising approach to treating some kinds of motor neuron disease and merits further evaluation in rigorous trials.
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Tewell M, Spoto S, Wiese M, Aleguas A, Peredy T. Mercury Poisoning at a Home Day Care Center - Hillsborough County, Florida, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:433-435. [PMID: 28472024 PMCID: PMC5687081 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6617a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shirkhanloo H, Fallah Mehrjerdi MA, Hassani H. Identifying occupational and nonoccupational exposure to mercury in dental personnel. Arch Environ Occup Health 2017; 72:63-69. [PMID: 25257992 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.964391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the occupational and nonoccupational exposure to mercury (Hg) vapor in dental personnel by examining the relationships between blood mercury, urine mercury, and their ratio with air mercury. The method was performed on 50 occupational exposed and 50 unexposed controls (25 men and 25 women). The mercury concentrations in air and human biological samples were determined based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method and standard method (SM) by a new mode of liquid-phase microextraction, respectively. The mean mercury concentrations in urine (μg Hg0/g creatinine) and blood were significantly higher than control group, respectively (19.41 ± 5.18 vs 2.15 ± 0.07 μg/g and 16.40 ± 4.97 vs 2.50 ± 0.02 μg/L) (p <.001). The relationships between mercury concentration in blood/urine ratio (r = .380) with dental office air are new indicators for assessing occupational exposure in dental personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Shirkhanloo
- a Iranian Petroleum Industry Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (IPIOEHRC), Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI) , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Hamid Hassani
- a Iranian Petroleum Industry Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (IPIOEHRC), Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI) , Tehran , Iran
- c Department of Occupational Health Engineering , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Kulikowska-Karpińska E, Zdanowicz M, Gałażyn-Sidorczuk M. [Estimation of copper in the urine of cigarette smokers]. Wiad Lek 2017; 70:697-702. [PMID: 29064789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is one of the most common habits of the modern world. According to a NATPOL PLU study, every third adult Pole is dependent on nicotine. Tobacco smoke contains about 5,000 components, of which over 1,000 are very toxic chemical substances (3,4-benzopyrene, heavy metals, free radicals, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides and N-nitrosamines). Exposure to tobacco smoke is an example of a complex, with a significant number of interactions. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the concentration of copper in the urine of smokers. Based on the results, an attempt was made to determine whether smoking can affect the level of copper in the body. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 170 healthy volunteers, 99 smokers and 71 non-smokers (control group). The age of patients in both groups were in the range of 20-60 years. The mean age for men and women was 41 years. The average length of cigarette smoking was 18 years for women and 21 years for men, and the number of cigarettes smoked 1-40 ⁄ 24. The urine concentrations of Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and serum creatinine kinetic method using a set of BIOLAB. Cu concentration in urine was expressed in mg / g creatinine. RESULTS Smokers were found to have reduced levels of copper in the urine, depending on sex, age and brand of cigarettes. In male smokers, copper concentration in the urine was dependent on age and time of smoking, whereas among women this relationship was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking significantly influences the level of copper in the urine. Both female and male smokers showed reduced levels of copper in the urine, which may indicate its increased accumulation in the body. Excessive accumulation of copper is very dangerous since it may exhibit toxic effects towards many organs and systems.
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Shim YK, Lewin MD, Ruiz P, Eichner JE, Mumtaz MM. Prevalence and associated demographic characteristics of exposure to multiple metals and their species in human populations: The United States NHANES, 2007-2012. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2017; 80:502-512. [PMID: 28703686 PMCID: PMC5693367 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1330581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) are among the top 10 pollutants of global health concern. Studies have shown that exposures to these metals produce severe adverse effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly joint toxicities, are poorly understood in humans. The objective of this investigation was to identify and characterize prevalent combinations of these metals and their species in the U.S. NHANES population to provide background data for future studies of potential metal interactions. Exposure was defined as urine or blood levels ≥ medians of the NHANES 2007-2012 participants ≥6 years (n = 7408). Adjusted-odds ratios (adj-OR) and 95% confidence intervals were determined for covariates (age, gender, and race/ethnicity, cotinine and body mass index). Species-specific analysis was also conducted for As and Hg including iAs (urinary arsenous acid and/or arsenic acid), met-iAs (urinary monomethylarsonic acid and/or dimethylarsinic acid), and oHg (blood methyl-mercury and/or ethyl-mercury). For combinations of As and Hg species, age- and gender-specific prevalence was determined among NHANES 2011-2012 participants (n = 2342). Data showed that approximately 49.3% of the population contained a combination of three or more metals. The most prevalent unique specific combinations were Pb/Cd/Hg/As, Pb/Cd/Hg, and Pb/Cd. Age was consistently associated with these combinations: adj-ORs ranged from 10.9 (Pb/Cd) to 11.2 (Pb/Cd/Hg/As). Race/ethnicity was significant for Pb/Cd/Hg/As. Among women of reproductive age, frequency of oHg/iAs/met-iAS and oHg/met-iAs was 22.9 and 40.3%, respectively. These findings may help prioritize efforts to assess joint toxicities and their impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn K Shim
- a Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Michael D Lewin
- a Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- a Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - June E Eichner
- b Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health , University of Oklahoma , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Moiz M Mumtaz
- a Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
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Schutzmeier P, Berger U, Bose-O'Reilly S. Gold Mining in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Mercury in Urine and Medical Symptoms in Miners from Portovelo/Zaruma. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 14:E34. [PMID: 28042847 PMCID: PMC5295285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic metal and is used in small scale gold mining. In Portovelo, Ecuador, mercury has been an environmental and health problem for decades. The target of this study was to assess the mercury concentration in the urine of miners from Portovelo/Zaruma to establish a prevalence of high values. Eight hundred and sixty-five (865) urine samples were collected and analysed for their mercury content, using cold vapor atom absorption spectroscopy. The prevalence of high mercury values (>25 μg/L) was estimated. Forty-four (44) miners with mercury levels >15 μg/L filled in a questionnaire for characteristics and possible confounders, and were examined for intoxication symptoms to establish the ten points medical score sum. The median urine value was 1.8 μg/L; 78.3% of miners were below 7 μg/L and were not at risk of an intoxication, whereas 5.9% of miners exceeded the limit of 25 μg/L and were probable to experience intoxication symptoms. The medical score sum had a range of 2 to 8 points with a median of 6. The low prevalence of high mercury concentrations shows that the politics and techniques to eliminate the use of mercury are being successfully implemented. Further studies are needed to identify factors enabling this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schutzmeier
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, University Hospital Munich, Munich 80336, Germany.
- Department of Medical Information Sciences, Biometrics, and Epidemiology IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Ursula Berger
- Department of Medical Information Sciences, Biometrics, and Epidemiology IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, University Hospital Munich, Munich 80336, Germany.
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT (University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology), Eduard Wallnoefer Center I, A-6060 Hall i.T., Innsbruck 6060, Austria.
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45
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Du B, Li P, Feng X, Qiu G, Zhou J, Maurice L. Mercury Exposure in Children of the Wanshan Mercury Mining Area, Guizhou, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:E1107. [PMID: 27834827 PMCID: PMC5129317 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the mercury (Hg) exposure level of children located in a Hg mining area, total Hg concentrations and speciation were determined in hair and urine samples of children in the Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou Province, China. Rice samples consumed by these same children were also collected for total mercury (THg) and methyl-mercury (MeHg) analysis. The geometric mean concentrations of THg and MeHg in the hair samples were 1.4 (range 0.50-6.0) μg/g and 1.1 (range 0.35-4.2) μg/g, respectively, while the geometric mean concentration of urine Hg (UHg) was 1.4 (range 0.09-26) μg/g Creatinine (Cr). The average of the probable daily intake (PDI) of MeHg via rice consumption was 0.052 (0.0033-0.39) µg/kg/day, which significantly correlated with the hair MeHg concentrations (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), indicating that ingestion of rice is the main pathway of MeHg exposure for children in this area. Furthermore, 18% (26/141) of the PDIs of MeHg exceeded the USEPA Reference Dose (RfD) of 0.10 µg/kg/day, indicating that children in this area are at a high MeHg exposure level. This paper for the first time evaluates the co-exposure levels of IHg and MeHg of children living in Wanshan mining area, and revealed the difference in exposure patterns between children and adults in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Laurence Maurice
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, IRD-CNRS-Université Toulouse, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, France.
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46
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Webb J, Coomes OT, Ross N, Mergler D. Mercury concentrations in urine of amerindian populations near oil fields in the peruvian and ecuadorian amazon. Environ Res 2016; 151:344-350. [PMID: 27525667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury is a global contaminant with toxic, persistent effects on human health. Petroleum extraction is an important source of elemental mercury; little is known about human exposure levels near oil fields in the Amazon basin. OBJECTIVES To characterize mercury levels in people living near oil production sites in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon, controlling for fish consumption, occupation, source of water and socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS Analyze mercury levels in urine samples using cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry from 76 indigenous men and women in eight riverine communities situated near oil wells or pipelines. Subjects answered a questionnaire soliciting socio-demographic, occupational and dietary information. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression modeling. RESULTS The mean value of U-Hg was 2.61μg/g creatinine (95% CI: 2.14-3.08), with 7% of the sample recording values above the global background standard suggested by The World Health Organization (5μg/g creatinine). Women who used water from a surface source had two and a half times the amount of mercury in their urine (mean=3.70μg/g creatinine, 95% CI: 2.26-5.15) compared with women who used other water sources (mean =1.39μg/g creatinine, 95% CI: 0.51-2.25). Men who were involved in an oil clean-up operation had twice as much mercury in their urine (mean =3.07μg/g creatinine, 95% CI: 1.97-4.16) as did those who worked on other tasks (mean =1.56μg/g creatinine, 95% CI: 1.48-2.65). Mercury levels were not associated with the number of fish meals per week. CONCLUSIONS Indigenous peoples of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon living near oil production sites generally had urine mercury levels within the global background standard suggested by the World Health Organization. Increased levels of mercury in urine were detected for men involved in oil spill remediation and for women who relied on surface water for household needs. These findings signal the need for strict safety measures to limit the amount of oil entering the waterways in Andean Amazonia so as to protect the health of indigenous people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Webb
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A2K6.
| | - Oliver T Coomes
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A2K6.
| | - Nancy Ross
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A2K6.
| | - Donna Mergler
- CINBIOSE,UQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C3P8.
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Sahani M, Sulaiman NS, Tan BS, Yahya NA, Anual ZF, Mahiyuddin WRW, Khan MF, Muttalib KA. Mercury in dental amalgam: Are our health care workers at risk? J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2016; 66:1077-1083. [PMID: 27192328 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dental amalgam in fillings exposes workers to mercury. The exposure to mercury was investigated among 1871 dental health care workers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of mercury exposure among dental compared to nondental health care workers and to determine other risk factors for mercury exposure. Respondents answered questionnaires to obtain demographic, personal, professional, and workplace information and were examined for their own amalgam fillings. Chronic mercury exposure was assessed through urinary mercury levels. In total, 1409 dental and 462 nondental health care workers participated in the study. Median urine mercury levels for dental and nondental health care workers were 2.75 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.0175) and 2.66 μg/L (IQR = 3.04) respectively. For mercury exposure, there were no significant risk factor found among the workers involved within the dental care. The Mann-Whitney test showed that urine mercury levels were significantly different between respondents who eat seafood more than 5 times per week compared to those who eat it less frequently or not at all (p = 0.003). The urinary mercury levels indicated significant difference between dental workers in their practice using squeeze cloths (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.03). Multiple logistic regression showed that only the usage of cosmetic products that might contain mercury was found to be significantly associated with the urinary mercury levels (odds ratio [OR] = 15.237; CI: 3.612-64.276). Therefore, mean urinary mercury levels of health care workers were low. Exposure to dental amalgam is not associated with high mercury exposure. However, usage of cosmetic products containing mercury and high seafood consumption may lead to the increase of exposure to mercury. IMPLICATIONS Exposure to the high levels of mercury from dental amalgam can lead to serious health effects among the dental health care workers. Nationwide chronic mercury exposure among dental personnel was assessed through urinary mercury levels. Findings suggest low urinary mercury levels of these health care workers. Exposure to dental amalgam is not associated with high mercury exposure. However, the usage of cosmetic products containing mercury and high seafood consumption may lead to the increase of exposure to mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sahani
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - N S Sulaiman
- b Institute for Medical Research , Jalan Pahang , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - B S Tan
- c School of Dentistry, Institute of Research , Development and Innovation, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - N A Yahya
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Z F Anual
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - W R Wan Mahiyuddin
- b Institute for Medical Research , Jalan Pahang , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - M F Khan
- d Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute of Climate Change , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - K A Muttalib
- e Oral Health Division , Ministry of Health , Putrajaya , Malaysia
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Gul N, Khan S, Khan A, Nawab J, Shamshad I, Yu X. Quantification of Hg excretion and distribution in biological samples of mercury-dental-amalgam users and its correlation with biological variables. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:20580-20590. [PMID: 27464660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study conducted to quantify the excretion and distribution of mercury (Hg) with time (days) in the biological samples collected from Hg dental amalgam users (MDA). The individuals, with Hg-based dental filling were selected, and their biological samples (red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, urine, hair, and nails) were collected on first, third, and 12th day of fillings. The concentrations of Hg observed in the biological samples of MDA were also correlated with the biological variables such as age, weight, restoration, fish consumption, number, and surface area of fillings. The concentrations of Hg in the biological samples of MDA were found 6-8 times higher than the non-amalgam users (control). The concentrations of Hg in the RBCs (4.39 μg/L), plasma (3.02 μg/L), and urine (22.5 μg/L) on first day of filling were found comparatively higher than the concentrations observed on third day (2.15, 1.46, and 12.3 μg/L for RBCs, plasma, urine, respectively) and 12th day (3.05, 2.5, 9.12 μg/L for RBCs, plasma, urine, respectively), while Hg concentrations were found lower in the hair and nails on third day of fillings (1.53 μg/g for hair and 2.35 μg/g for nails) as compared to the 12th day (2.95 μg/g for hair and 3.5 μg/g for nails). The correlations were found significant (p ˂ 0.05) between Hg concentrations in the biological samples of MDA and biological variables (the number of restoration, fish consumption, number, and surface area of fillings), while no significant (p ˃ 0.05) correlations were observed for Hg concentrations in the biological samples with age and weight of MDA. These observations unveil the fact that the use of Hg-based dental filling is the undesirable exposure to Hg which should be replaced by composite (a safer filling material).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayab Gul
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Abbas Khan
- Drug Control Administration, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Health Department, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinwei Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
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Bonsignore M, Andolfi N, Barra M, Madeddu A, Tisano F, Ingallinella V, Castorina M, Sprovieri M. Assessment of mercury exposure in human populations: A status report from Augusta Bay (southern Italy). Environ Res 2016; 150:592-599. [PMID: 26806294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigate mercury concentrations in the blood (HgB), urine (HgU) and human hair (HgH) of 224 individuals from a coastal area (Eastern Sicily, SE Italy) strongly affected by Hg contamination from one of the largest chlor-alkali plants in Europe. The factors affecting the distribution of Hg and the extent of the exposure of individuals have been explored with a multidisciplinary approach. Multiple regression analyses, together with evidence of high levels of HgB (exceeding the HBMI recommended levels in 50% of cases) and HgH (exceeding the EPA reference dose in 70% of cases), primarily suggest that the consumption of local fish is the main source of Hg for humans. no. significant exposure to inorganic mercury was identified. Toxicokinetic calculations produced a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) level that, in most cases, exceeds international recommendations, particularly for residents in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bonsignore
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Environment (IAMC - CNR), Via del Mare, 3, 91021 Torretta 10 Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy
| | - Nunzia Andolfi
- Laboratory of Public Health - ASP of Syracuse, Corso Gelone, 17, 96100, Syracuse, Italy
| | - Marco Barra
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Environment (IAMC - CNR), Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Anselmo Madeddu
- Laboratory of Public Health - ASP of Syracuse, Corso Gelone, 17, 96100, Syracuse, Italy
| | - Francesco Tisano
- Laboratory of Public Health - ASP of Syracuse, Corso Gelone, 17, 96100, Syracuse, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ingallinella
- Laboratory of Public Health - ASP of Syracuse, Corso Gelone, 17, 96100, Syracuse, Italy
| | - Maria Castorina
- Laboratory of Public Health - ASP of Syracuse, Corso Gelone, 17, 96100, Syracuse, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Environment (IAMC - CNR), Via del Mare, 3, 91021 Torretta 10 Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy.
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Abstract
A consistent diurnal variation of urinary mercury concentration (expressed as nmol of mercury/mmol of creatinine) has been demonstrated in 36 occupationally exposed workers, the concentration being highest in the morning and lowest in the late evening. This variation is partly intrinsic and partly an artifact because creatinine excretion also varies diurnally, but in the opposite direction. The implications of these findings in relation to the biological monitoring of mercury workers is discussed.
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