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Castro-Claros JD, Yin X, Salas C, Griesshaber E, Hörl S, Checa AG, Schmahl WW. Biomineral crystallographic preferred orientation in Solenogastres molluscs (Aplacophora) is controlled by organic templating. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10309. [PMID: 38705929 PMCID: PMC11070423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aplacophoran molluscs are shell-less and have a worm-like body which is covered by biomineralized sclerites. We investigated sclerite crystallography and the sclerite mosaic of the Solenogastres species Dorymenia sarsii, Anamenia gorgonophila, and Simrothiella margaritacea with electron-backscattered-diffraction (EBSD), laser-confocal-microscopy and FE-SEM imaging. The soft tissue of the molluscs is covered by spicule-shaped, aragonitic sclerites. These are sub-parallel to the soft body of the organism. We find, for all three species, that individual sclerites are untwinned aragonite single crystals. For individual sclerites, aragonite c-axis is parallel to the morphological, long axis of the sclerite. Aragonite a- and b-axes are perpendicular to sclerite aragonite c-axis. For the scleritomes of the investigated species we find different sclerite and aragonite crystal arrangement patterns. For the A. gorgonophila scleritome, sclerite assembly is disordered such that sclerites with their morphological, long axis (always the aragonite c-axis) are pointing in many different directions, being, more or less, tangential to cuticle surface. For D. sarsii, the sclerite axes (equal to aragonite c-axes) show a stronger tendency to parallel arrangement, while for S. margaritacea, sclerite and aragonite organization is strongly structured into sequential rows of orthogonally alternating sclerite directions. The different arrangements are well reflected in the structured orientational distributions of aragonite a-, b-, c-axes across the EBSD-mapped parts of the scleritomes. We discuss that morphological and crystallographic preferred orientation (texture) is not generated by competitive growth selection (the crystals are not in contact), but is determined by templating on organic matter of the sclerite-secreting epithelial cells and associated papillae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Castro-Claros
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - X Yin
- Bruker Beijing Scientific Technology, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - C Salas
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Griesshaber
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - S Hörl
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - A G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - W W Schmahl
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
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Ji H, Wang X, Yan Y, Li X. Comparative studies on the anti-wear behavior of prismatic structures in different shell species. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106411. [PMID: 38281438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Prismatic structure is mainly located in the outer layer of mollusk shells. However, there is limited studies on their resistance to wear and the underlying mechanisms. The Vicker's hardness and sliding anti-wear properties of prismatic structures in four species of mollusk shells were systematically investigated for comparisons in the present work. The crystalline types, organic matrix content, structural arrangement, and dimension of prisms are varied among different species. The hardness and wear properties of prismatic structures are, in the first place, determined by the crystalline type, i.e., the aragonite prismatic structures are harder and more wear-resisting than the calcite types. The primary failure mechanism in the prismatic structure during wear tests is three-body abrasion. The volume of the crushed prism particles is directly related to the thickness of organic interface and the hardness of prisms. The organic sheaths form organic films during sliding, and thus lubricate the friction interface to some extent, but higher organic content leads to a wider interface, resulting in a higher plough force at the edge of prisms. A higher plough force gives rise to a severe three-body abrasion. Long and straight prisms perpendicular to the shell surface present a higher wear resistance. Too thin prisms cannot bear the plough force. Therefore, the anti-wear properties of prismatic structures are governed by the joint action of crystalline types, organic matrix, structural arrangement and dimension of basic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Ji
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Yamazaki Y, Yamabe S, Komori S, Yoshitake K, Fukuoka M, Sato S, Takada K. Structure Determination of Kahalalide Analogues Based on Metagenomic Analysis of a Bryopsis sp. Marine Green Alga. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:2539-2545. [PMID: 37889636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Two kahalalide analogues were isolated from a Bryopsis sp. marine green alga. Even though our initial structure determination of the peptides by NMR and MS identified them as kahalalide Z1 (KZ1; 3) and Z2 (KZ2; 4), the absolute configuration of the Thr residues by Marfey's analysis was different from those found in kahalalide F (KF), 3, and 4. To ascertain the absolute configuration of the amino acid residues genetically, we conducted a metagenomic analysis for symbiotic bacteria in the alga, leading to the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) responsible for producing the kahalalides named kahalalides Z3 (KZ3; 1) and Z4 (KZ4; 2). The identification of amino acid residues based on the A-domain suggested these peptides possess the amino acid sequence d-allo-Thr-l-Val-l-Val-d-Val residues at the N-terminus, instead of the d-Val-l-Thr-l-Val-d-Val residues found in KF, 3, and 4. The N-terminal amino acid sequence including absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by a comparison of LCMS data of synthetic tetrapeptides and the hydrolysates derived from 1 and 2. This structural difference is caused by swapping the substrate specificities of the first two A-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Sota Yamabe
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shunnosuke Komori
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukuoka
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0001, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takada
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Pasqualetto G, Mack A, Lewis E, Cooper R, Holland A, Borucu U, Mantell J, Davies T, Weckener M, Clare D, Green T, Kille P, Muhlhozl A, Young MT. CryoEM structure and Alphafold molecular modelling of a novel molluscan hemocyanin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287294. [PMID: 37347755 PMCID: PMC10286996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanins are multimeric oxygen transport proteins present in the blood of arthropods and molluscs, containing up to 8 oxygen-binding functional units per monomer. In molluscs, hemocyanins are assembled in decamer 'building blocks' formed of 5 dimer 'plates', routinely forming didecamer or higher-order assemblies with d5 or c5 symmetry. Here we describe the cryoEM structures of the didecamer (20-mer) and tridecamer (30-mer) forms of a novel hemocyanin from the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata (SLH) at 7.0 and 4.7 Å resolution respectively. We show that two decamers assemble in a 'tail-tail' configuration, forming a partially capped cylinder, with an additional decamer adding on in 'head-tail' configuration to make the tridecamer. Analysis of SLH samples shows substantial heterogeneity, suggesting the presence of many higher-order multimers including tetra- and pentadecamers, formed by successive addition of decamers in head-tail configuration. Retrieval of sequence data for a full-length isoform of SLH enabled the use of Alphafold to produce a molecular model of SLH, which indicated the formation of dimer slabs with high similarity to those found in keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The fit of the molecular model to the cryoEM density was excellent, showing an overall structure where the final two functional units of the subunit (FU-g and FU-h) form the partial cap at one end of the decamer, and permitting analysis of the subunit interfaces governing the assembly of tail-tail and head-tail decamer interactions as well as potential sites for N-glycosylation. Our work contributes to the understanding of higher-order oligomer formation in molluscan hemocyanins and demonstrates the utility of Alphafold for building accurate structural models of large oligomeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pasqualetto
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mack
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Lewis
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Cooper
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Holland
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Mantell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Davies
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Weckener
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Structural Biology, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Clare
- Electron Bioimaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Green
- Advanced Research Computing at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark T. Young
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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D’Amore T, Lo Magro S, Vita V, Di Taranto A. Optimization and Validation of a High Throughput UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of the EU Regulated Lipophilic Marine Toxins and Occurrence in Fresh and Processed Shellfish. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030173. [PMID: 35323472 PMCID: PMC8953077 DOI: 10.3390/md20030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Under the name of lipophilic marine toxins, there are included more than 1000 toxic secondary metabolites, produced by phytoplankton, with the common chemical property of lipophilicity. Due to toxicological effects and geographical distribution, in European legislation relevant compounds are regulated, and their determination is accomplished with the reference liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. In this study a modified ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the identification and quantification of EU-regulated lipophilic toxins. The method optimization included a refinement of SPE-C18 clean-up, in order to reduce matrix interferences. Improved LC conditions and upgraded chromatographic ammonia-based gradient ensured the best separation of all analytes and, in particular, of the two structural isomers (OA and DTX2). Also, different MS parameters were tested, and confirmation criteria finally established. The validation studies confirmed that all parameters were satisfactory. The requirements for precision (RSD% < 11.8% for each compound), trueness (recoveries from 73 to 101%) and sensitivity (limits of quantification in the range 3−8 µg kg−1) were fulfilled. The matrix effect, ranging from −9 to 19%, allowed the use of a calibration curve in solvent (3−320 µg kg−1 in matrix) for quantification of real samples. Method relative uncertainty ranged from 12 to 20.3%. Additionally, a total of 1000 shellfish samples was analysed, providing a first preliminary surveillance study that may contribute to the knowledge of lipophilic marine toxins contamination. Increase in algae proliferation events and intoxication cases, EFSA suggestions for modification of maximum permitted levels and toxicity equivalency factors, and new studies of important toxic effects underline that implementation of reference methods still represents an important task for health and food safety laboratories.
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Li XL, Li SW, Yao LG, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Guo YW. The chemical and chemo-ecological studies on Weizhou nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata. Magn Reson Chem 2021; 59:554-560. [PMID: 31729061 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed chemical investigation of the nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata collected from Weizhou Island, South China Sea, yielded a new spongian-type diterpene 1, together with the four known-related compounds 2-5. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis, the comparison of the spectroscopic data with the known diterpene isoagatholactone, and the 13 C chemical shift calculation. In addition, evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the known compound 2 was, for the first time, provided by the application of time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Song-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Summer K, Browne J, Liu L, Benkendorff K. Molluscan Compounds Provide Drug Leads for the Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Disease. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110570. [PMID: 33228163 PMCID: PMC7699502 DOI: 10.3390/md18110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases place an immense burden on global health and there is a compelling need for the discovery of new compounds for therapeutic development. Here, we identify research priorities by critically reviewing pre-clinical and clinical studies using extracts and compounds derived from molluscs, as well as traditional molluscan medicines, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We reviewed 97 biomedical articles demonstrating the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties of >320 molluscan extracts/compounds with direct relevance to respiratory disease, in addition to others with promising bioactivities yet to be tested in the respiratory context. Of pertinent interest are compounds demonstrating biofilm inhibition/disruption and antiviral activity, as well as synergism with approved antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents. At least 100 traditional medicines, incorporating over 300 different mollusc species, have been used to treat respiratory-related illness in cultures worldwide for thousands of years. These medicines provide useful clues for the discovery of bioactive components that likely underpin their continued use. There is particular incentive for investigations into anti-inflammatory compounds, given the extensive application of molluscan traditional medicines for symptoms of inflammation, and shells, which are the principal molluscan product used in these preparations. Overall, there is a need to target research toward specific respiratory disease-related hypotheses, purify bioactive compounds and elucidate their chemical structures, and develop an evidence base for the integration of quality-controlled traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Jessica Browne
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-429-520-589
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González García M, Rodríguez A, Alba A, Vázquez AA, Morales Vicente FE, Pérez-Erviti J, Spellerberg B, Stenger S, Grieshober M, Conzelmann C, Münch J, Raber H, Kubiczek D, Rosenau F, Wiese S, Ständker L, Otero-González A. New Antibacterial Peptides from the Freshwater Mollusk Pomacea poeyana (Pilsbry, 1927). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111473. [PMID: 33113998 PMCID: PMC7690686 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are biomolecules with antimicrobial activity against a broad group of pathogens. In the past few decades, AMPs have represented an important alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases. Their isolation from natural sources has been widely investigated. In this sense, mollusks are promising organisms for the identification of AMPs given that their immune system mainly relies on innate response. In this report, we characterized the peptide fraction of the Cuban freshwater snail Pomacea poeyana (Pilsbry, 1927) and identified 37 different peptides by nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS technology. From these peptide sequences, using bioinformatic prediction tools, we discovered two potential antimicrobial peptides named Pom-1 (KCAGSIAWAIGSGLFGGAKLIKIKKYIAELGGLQ) and Pom-2 (KEIERAGQRIRDAIISAAPAVETLAQAQKIIKGG). Database search revealed that Pom-1 is a fragment of Closticin 574 previously isolated from the bacteria Clostridium tyrobutyrium, and Pom-2 is a fragment of cecropin D-like peptide first isolated from Galleria mellonella hemolymph. These sequences were chemically synthesized and evaluated against different human pathogens. Interestingly, structural predictions of both peptides in the presence of micelles showed models that comprise two alpha helices joined by a short loop. The CD spectra analysis of Pom-1 and Pom-2 in water showed for both structures a high random coil content, a certain content of α-helix and a low β-sheet content. Like other described AMPs displaying a disordered structure in water, the peptides may adopt a helical conformation in presence of bacterial membranes. In antimicrobial assays, Pom-1 demonstrated high activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. Neither of the two peptides showed antifungal action. Pom-1 moderately inhibits Zika Virus infection but slightly enhances HIV-1 infectivion in vitro. The evaluation of cell toxicity on primary human macrophages did not show toxicity on THP-1 cells, although slight overall toxicity was observed in high concentrations of Pom-1. We assume that both peptides may play a key role in innate defense of P. poeyana and represent promising antimicrobial candidates for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaine González García
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 street, 10400 Havana, Cuba; (M.G.G.); (J.P.-E.)
| | - Armando Rodríguez
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Annia Alba
- Reference Center for Research and Diagnosis, Pedro Kourí Institute for Tropical Medicine, 11400 Havana, Cuba; (A.A.); (A.A.V.)
| | - Antonio A. Vázquez
- Reference Center for Research and Diagnosis, Pedro Kourí Institute for Tropical Medicine, 11400 Havana, Cuba; (A.A.); (A.A.V.)
| | - Fidel E. Morales Vicente
- General Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400 Havana, Cuba;
- Synthetic Peptides Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, 10600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio Pérez-Erviti
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 street, 10400 Havana, Cuba; (M.G.G.); (J.P.-E.)
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (B.S.); (S.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (B.S.); (S.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (B.S.); (S.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Heinz Raber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.R.); (D.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Dennis Kubiczek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.R.); (D.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.R.); (D.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.O.-G.)
| | - Anselmo Otero-González
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 street, 10400 Havana, Cuba; (M.G.G.); (J.P.-E.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.O.-G.)
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Klishko OK, Kovychev EV, Vinarski MV, Bogan AE, Yurgenson GA. The Pleistocene-Holocene aquatic molluscs as indicators of the past ecosystem changes in Transbaikalia (Eastern Siberia, Russia). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235588. [PMID: 32946457 PMCID: PMC7500642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the historical change of the Transbaikalian malacofauna in the Neopleistocene and Holocene is presented. Aquatic mollusc shells from archaeological excavations of the ancient settlements dating from the Neolithic period to Medieval and also from a drill hole of the Neopleistocene alluvial deposits were collected. In total eight species of bivalve molluscs from the families Margaritiferidae, Unionidae, Lymnocardiidae, Glycymerididae [marine], and two gastropod species from families Viviparidae and Planorbidae were identified. These species were aged using radiocarbon dating. It was found that the species ranged in age from more than 50.000 to 2.080-1.210 years BP. Five species inhabited the Transbaikal region which are locally extirpated today. Their disjunctive ranges in the past included southern Europe and Western and Eastern Siberia to Transbaikalia and in the east to Far East and Primorye Territory of Russia. A remarkable finding is that of the bivalve genus Monodacna, which was found very far from its native range, the Ponto-Caspian region. The time of existence and extirpation of the thermophilic species of genera Monodacna, Planorbis, Lanceolaria and Amuropaludina corresponds to cycles of the warming and cooling in Pleistocene and Holocene according to regional climate chronological scales. These species can be used as palaeoclimate indicators. Change of the regional malacofaunal species composition is connected with the natural climatochron cycles in the Pleistocene and Holocene resulting in evidence for succession. In the course of this succession, these stenothermal species became extirpated on a regional level, decreasing their global ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga K. Klishko
- Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
| | | | - Maxim V. Vinarski
- Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Arthur E. Bogan
- Research Laboratory, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgi A. Yurgenson
- Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
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Zainol Abidin NA, Kormin F, Zainol Abidin NA, Mohamed Anuar NAF, Abu Bakar MF. The Potential of Insects as Alternative Sources of Chitin: An Overview on the Chemical Method of Extraction from Various Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144978. [PMID: 32679639 PMCID: PMC7404258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin, being the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, has been gaining popularity since its initial discovery by Braconot in 1811. However, fundamental knowledge and literature on chitin and its derivatives from insects are difficult to obtain. The most common and sought-after sources of chitin are shellfish (especially crustaceans) and other aquatic invertebrates. The amount of shellfish available is obviously restricted by the amount of food waste that is allowed; hence, it is a limited resource. Therefore, insects are the best choices since, out of 1.3 million species in the world, 900,000 are insects, making them the most abundant species in the world. In this review, a total of 82 samples from shellfish—crustaceans and mollusks (n = 46), insects (n = 23), and others (n = 13)—have been collected and studied for their chemical extraction of chitin and its derivatives. The aim of this paper is to review the extraction method of chitin and chitosan for a comparison of the optimal demineralization and deproteinization processes, with a consideration of insects as alternative sources of chitin. The methods employed in this review are based on comprehensive bibliographic research. Based on previous data, the chitin and chitosan contents of insects in past studies favorably compare and compete with those of commercial chitin and chitosan—for example, 45% in Bombyx eri, 36.6% in Periostracum cicadae (cicada sloughs), and 26.2% in Chyrysomya megacephala. Therefore, according to the data reported by previous researchers, demonstrating comparable yield values to those of crustacean chitin and the great interest in insects as alternative sources, efforts towards comprehensive knowledge in this field are relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Alyani Zainol Abidin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.F.M.A.); (M.F.A.B.)
| | - Faridah Kormin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.F.M.A.); (M.F.A.B.)
- Centre of Research on Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nurul Akhma Zainol Abidin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.F.M.A.); (M.F.A.B.)
| | - Nor Aini Fatihah Mohamed Anuar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.F.M.A.); (M.F.A.B.)
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia; (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.Z.A.); (N.A.F.M.A.); (M.F.A.B.)
- Centre of Research on Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia
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12
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Dawson RR, Field DJ, Hull PM, Zelenitsky DK, Therrien F, Affek HP. Eggshell geochemistry reveals ancestral metabolic thermoregulation in Dinosauria. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax9361. [PMID: 32110726 PMCID: PMC7021498 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the origin of avian thermoregulation is complicated by a lack of reliable methods for measuring body temperatures in extinct dinosaurs. Evidence from bone histology and stableisotopes often relies on uncertain assumptions about the relationship between growth rate and body temperature, or the isotopic composition (δ18O) of body water. Clumped isotope (Δ47) paleothermometry, based on binding of 13C to 18O, provides a more robust tool, but has yet to be applied across a broad phylogenetic range of dinosaurs while accounting for paleoenvironmental conditions. Applying this method to well-preserved fossil eggshells demonstrates that the three major clades of dinosaurs, Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha, and Theropoda, were characterized by warm body temperatures. Dwarf titanosaurs may have exhibited similar body temperatures to larger sauropods, although this conclusion isprovisional, given current uncertainties in taxonomic assignment of dwarf titanosaur eggshell. Our results nevertheless reveal that metabolically controlled thermoregulation was the ancestral condition for Dinosauria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R. Dawson
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel J. Field
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Darla K. Zelenitsky
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - François Therrien
- Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta T0J 0Y0, Canada
| | - Hagit P. Affek
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Jia J, Zhu Q, Liu N, Liao C, Jiang G. Occurrence of and human exposure to benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles in mollusks in the Bohai Sea, China. Environ Int 2019; 130:104925. [PMID: 31247477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed sea in northern China with highly industrialized and urbanized coastal areas and concomitant environmental degradation. Benzothiazoles (BTHs) and benzotriazoles (BTRs) are produced in high volume and widely applied in industrial and consumer products, and little is known about their occurrence and bioaccumulation in coastal marine invertebrates. We determined the concentrations of six BTH and five BTR analogues in mollusks (n = 166) collected from the Bohai Sea between 2006-2014. The total concentrations of BTHs were 229-13800 ng/g dry weight (dw) with a geometric mean of 778 ng/g dw and 7.19-322 ng/g dw for BTRs with a geometric mean of 54.6 ng/g dw. Benzothiazole (BTH) was the dominant compound among the BTHs, accounting for 83.0 % of the total concentration. Among the BTRs, 5,6-dimethyl-1-H-benzotriazole (XTR), 5-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole (5-Me-1-H-BTR), and benzotriazole (1-H-BTR) were major contributors, cumulatively accounting for 78.5 % of the total concentration. Mollusks accumulated elevated levels of BTHs/BTRs regardless of species, suggesting a considerable bioaccumulation potential of BTHs/BTRs in marine ecosystems. Human daily dietary intake of BTHs/BTRs through the consumption of mollusks was estimated based on the concentrations measured. This is the first report on the occurrence and distribution patterns of BTHs/BTRs in a variety of marine invertebrate species from a coastal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Kim SH, Lee H, Lee SH, Kim I. Distribution and accumulation of artificial radionuclides in marine products around Korean Peninsula. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:521-531. [PMID: 31426189 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the distributions of the artificial radionuclides 137Cs, 239+240Pu, and 90Sr in the various marine products around Korean Peninsula collected in 2015-2017. The activities of 137Cs, 239+240Pu, and 90Sr were in the ranges of 12.2-258.4 mBq kg-1, 0.014-1.879 mBq kg-1, and 11.3-18.3 mBq kg-1, respectively. The higher 239+240Pu (a factor of 10-50) relative to fishes were observed in mollusks. 137Cs in fishes were significantly enriched with growths. The calculated concentration factors (CFs) of 137Cs, 239+240Pu, and 90Sr in marine products were 7-143, 3-407, and 15-25, respectively. Overall, no noticeable artificial radioactivity was detected in marine organisms when comparing these results with previous data reported before the Fukushima nuclear accident and recommended CF values. The annual effective doses of 137Cs, 239+240Pu, and 90Sr by seafood consumption in South Korea were estimated to be 1.1 × 10-4, 1.6 × 10-5 and, 2.9 × 10-5 mSv yr-1, respectively, which is insignificant relative to that of natural radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, South Korea
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, South Korea
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Intae Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, South Korea.
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15
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Hausmann N, Meredith-Williams M, Douka K, Inglis RH, Bailey G. Quantifying spatial variability in shell midden formation in the Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217596. [PMID: 31188856 PMCID: PMC6561681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, over 3000 shell middens or shell matrix deposits have been discovered on the Farasan Islands in the southern Red Sea, dating to the period c. 7,360 to 4,700 years ago. Many of the sites are distributed along a palaeoshoreline which is now 2-3 m above present sea level. Others form clusters with some sites on the shoreline and others located inland over distances of c. 30 m to 1 km. We refer to these inland sites as 'post-shore' sites. Following Meehan, who observed a similar spatial separation in shell deposition in her ethnographic study of Anbarra shellgathering in the Northern Territory of Australia, we hypothesise that the shoreline sites are specialised sites for the processing or immediate consumption of shell food, and the post-shore sites are habitation sites used for a variety of activities. We test this proposition through a systematic analysis of 55 radiocarbon dates and measurement of shell quantities from the excavation of 15 shell matrix sites in a variety of locations including shoreline and post-shore sites. Our results demonstrate large differences in rates of shell accumulation between these two types of sites and selective removal of shoreline sites by changes in sea level. We also discuss the wider implications for understanding the differential preservation and visibility of shell-matrix deposits in coastal settings in other parts of the world extending back into the later Pleistocene in association with periods of lowersea level. Our results highlight the importance of taphonomic factors of post-depositional degradation and destruction, rates of shell accumulation, the influence on site location of factors other than shell food supply, and the relative distance of deposits from their nearest palaeoshorelines as key variables in the interpretation of shell quantities. Failure to take these variables into account when investigating shells and shell-matrix deposits in late Pleistocene and early Holocene contexts is likely to compromise interpretations of the role and significance of shell food in human evolutionary and socio-cultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hausmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katerina Douka
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Geoff Bailey
- University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP, Aurioles-Gamboa D, Campos Villegas LE, Bohórquez-Herrera J, Hernández-Camacho CJ. Trace elements in marine organisms of Magdalena Bay, Pacific Coast of Mexico: Bioaccumulation in a pristine environment. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1075-1089. [PMID: 30259255 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace element (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg) concentrations were assessed in marine organisms (n = 52) sampled from the Magdalena Bay lagoon complex in Baja California Sur, Mexico, a pristine marine environment. The overall trend of metal concentrations (dry weight) in the organisms was found to be Fe > Zn > Cd > Cu > Mn > Pb > As > Hg > Ni > Cr > Co. Bivalve mollusks (53.83 mg kg-1) contained twofold higher levels of metals than the finfishes (20.77 mg kg-1). Calculated BioConcentration Factor (BCF) values showed that dissolved Mn is readily bioavailable to the organisms, whereas Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) indicated high values for Zn, Cu and Cd. Cd and As levels were observed to be increasing with the trophic levels. Toxic elements, namely Pb, Cd and As in the studied fish species were found to be higher than the values recommended for human seafood consumption. The study provides a comprehensive baseline report on trace element bioaccumulation in several marine organisms that will aid in developing effective conservation strategies of the highly biodiverse lagoon complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Sujitha
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - David Aurioles-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Pinnípedos "Burney J. Le. Boeuf", Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Polo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Lorena Elizabeth Campos Villegas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico
| | | | - Claudia J Hernández-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Pinnípedos "Burney J. Le. Boeuf", Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Polo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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17
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McVay IR, Maher WA, Krikowa F, Ubrhien R. Metal concentrations in waters, sediments and biota of the far south-east coast of New South Wales, Australia, with an emphasis on Sn, Cu and Zn used as marine antifoulant agents. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1351-1367. [PMID: 30465173 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tin, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ag and Hg concentrations were measured in waters, sediments and three ubiquitous sedentary molluscs: the oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, a rocky intertidal gastropod, Austrocochlea porcata, and a sediment-dwelling gastropod, Batillaria australis, at 12 locations along the far south coast of NSW, Australia, from Batemans Bay to Twofold Bay during 2009. Metal concentrations in water for Sn, Cd, Ag and Hg were below detection limits (< 0.005 μg/L). Measurable water metal concentrations were Cu: 0.01-0.08 μg/L, Zn: 0.005-0.11 μg/L and Pb: 0.005-0.06 μg/L. Mean metal concentration in sediments were Sn < 0.01-2 μg/g, Cu < 0.01-605 μg/g, Zn 23-765 μg/g, Cd < 0.01-0.5 μg/g, Pb < 0.01-0.3 μg/g, Ag < 0.01-0.9 μg/g and Hg < 0.01-2.3 μg/g. Several locations exceeded the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand (Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality 2000) low and high interim sediment quality guidelines' levels for Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg. Some sites had measurable Sn concentrations, but these were all well below the levels of tributyltin known to cause harm to marine animals. Elevated metal concentrations are likely to be from the use of antifoulants on boats, historical mining activities and agriculture in the catchments of estuaries. All molluscs had no measurable concentrations of Sn (< 0.01 μg/g) and low mean Ag (< 0.01-1.5 μg/g) and Hg (< 0.01-0.5 μg/g) concentrations. Mean Cu (24-1516 μg/g), Zn (45-4644 μg/g), Cd (0.05-5μg/g) and Pb (0.05-1.1 μg/g) in oysters were close to background concentrations. Oysters have Cd and Pb concentrations well below the Australian Food Standards Code (2002).] There were no significant correlations between metal concentrations in sediments and in organisms within locations, and no relationship with levels of boating activity and suspected antifouling contamination. Although not pristine, the low levels of metal contamination in sediments and molluscs in comparison with known metal-contaminated areas indicate that this region is not grossly contaminated with metals and suitable for the development of mariculture.].
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Affiliation(s)
- I R McVay
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - W A Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - F Krikowa
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - R Ubrhien
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
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18
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Fu L, Pei J, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Long S, Zeng L. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative halogenated flame retardants in mollusks from the Chinese Bohai Sea: Levels and interspecific differences. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 142:551-558. [PMID: 31232338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) were measured in eleven mollusk species collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea. PBDEs and AHFRs were detected in all species, and their average total concentrations were in the range of 22.5-355 and 10.0-84.3 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were the dominant halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), contributing 22.5% to 73.6% and 3.1% to 38.3% of the total HFRs, respectively. The levels of PBDEs and AHFRs were moderate to high from a global perspective. Interspecific differences in the accumulation of PBDEs and AHFRs were characterized by heat map and cluster analysis. Composition profile differences were also observed, with higher proportions of AHFRs in gastropods than in bivalves. These species-specific differences in concentrations and profiles in mollusks were attributed to different species traits, including feeding habit, trophic level, and metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Fu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jie Pei
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaogu Cheng
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Shenxing Long
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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19
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Abidli S, Lahbib Y, Trigui El Menif N. Microplastics in commercial molluscs from the lagoon of Bizerte (Northern Tunisia). Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 142:243-252. [PMID: 31232300 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution was investigated, for the first time, in six commercial molluscs collected from the lagoon of Bizerte during March 2018. The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of MPs to marine organisms and their risk for consumers of seafood. MP concentrations varied from 703.95 ± 109.80 to 1482.82 ± 19.20 items kg-1 wet weight. Three types of coloured MPs, including fibres, fragments and films were recovered. Fibres were the most common MP type isolated in each species. The most common size class was 0.1-1 mm. The FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed the presence of two polymer types polyethylene and polypropylene. Our results suggest that MP pollution was widespread and exhibited a relatively high level in commercial molluscs collected from Bizerte lagoon, suggesting trophic transfer in the food web and human exposure risks by diet. More investigations on MPs should be conducted in seafood and other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abidli
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Youssef Lahbib
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
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20
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Ma F, Han X, An L, Lei K, Qi H, LeBlanc GA. Freshwater snail Parafossarulus striatulus estrogen receptor: Characteristics and expression profiles under lab and field exposure. Chemosphere 2019; 220:611-619. [PMID: 30597369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The modes of action by which putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) elicit toxicity in mollusks remains unclear due to our limited understanding of the molluscan endocrine system. We identified and partially characterised the estrogen receptor (ER) of the mollusk Parafossarulus striatulus. The full-length cDNA of the ER of P. striatulus (psER) was isolated and found to have an ORF of 1386 bp which corresponded to 461 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that psER is an orthologue of ER of other mollusks. Moreover, the DNA-binding domain, ligand-binding domain, P-box, D-box, and AF2 domain were also identified in psER. Exposure of females and males to 17β-estradiol (E2, 100 ng/L) for 24 h and 72 h did not alter psER transcription, but exposure to 17α-methyltestosterone (MT, 100 μg/L) for 72 h significantly decreased ER transcription in females only (p < 0.05). psER transcription was surveyed in males and females seeded in different regions in Taihu Lake, China. psER transcription were elevated among females and males maintained at site ML. This elevation was statistically significant (p < 0.05) among male snails as compared to snails held at the more pristine site of SZ. This was different to the results from lab, implying that some unknown chemicals or other environmental factors in field could affect psER transcription level in snails. Furthermore, females and males held at site ML also exhibited a significant elevation in vitellogenin transcription as compared to snails held at site SZ, suggesting that vitellogenin production may be directly regulated by psER or co-regulated with psER in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lihui An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Kun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Hongli Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Gerald A LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Liu Q, Xu X, Zeng J, Shi X, Liao Y, Du P, Tang Y, Huang W, Chen Q, Shou L. Heavy metal concentrations in commercial marine organisms from Xiangshan Bay, China, and the potential health risks. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 141:215-226. [PMID: 30955728 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Commercial marine organisms were collected from the coast of Xiangshan Bay to investigate the concentrations of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and evaluate the potential health risks. The results indicated considerable variations in the heavy metal concentrations among six species groups, of them mollusks (seasnail, benthic bivalve, and oyster) generally contained relative high levels of most metals, followed by crustaceans (crab and shrimp), by contrast, fish had low concentrations of all metals, except Hg. Three heavy metal groups were identified to interpret the accumulative characteristics in the marine organisms. Spatial distributions illustrated the geographical variations of heavy metal concentrations in the sampling areas. Moreover, maricultured organisms demonstrated lower heavy metal concentrations than did the wild. Health risks of most heavy metals exposed from marine organism consumption were safe, except for As which is associated with the high target cancer risk values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China; Ocean College of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| | - Xiaolai Shi
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yibo Liao
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ping Du
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yanbin Tang
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Quanzhen Chen
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lu Shou
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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22
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Zhi L, Xu L, He X, Zhang C, Cai Y. Distribution of methylsiloxanes in benthic mollusks from the Chinese Bohai Sea. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:199-207. [PMID: 30528010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylsiloxanes are a class of silicone compounds that have been widely used in various industrial processes and personal care products for several decades. This study investigated the spatial distribution of three cyclic methylsiloxanes (D4-D6) and twelve linear methylsiloxanes (L5-L16) in mollusks collected from seven cities along the Bohai Sea. D4-D6 (df = 71%-81%) and L8-L16 (df = 32%-40%) were frequently detectable in the mollusk samples, while L5-L7 were not found in any mollusk samples. Cyclic methylsiloxanes (D4-D6) were found in mollusks with the mean concentrations of 15.7 ± 12.3 ng/g ww for D4, 24.6 ± 15.8 ng/g ww for D5 and 34.0 ± 23.0 ng/g ww for D6. Among the seven sampling cities, the cyclic methylsiloxanes were predominant in mollusks, with the total cyclic methylsiloxanes (sum of D4-D6, ∑CMS) accounting for 74.2%-80.7% of the total methylsiloxanes. ∑CMS along the coastline demonstrated a clear gradient, with the highest concentrations in mollusks at the sampling sites located in the western part of the Bohai Sea and the lowest concentrations in mollusks from cities located in the eastern part of the Bohai Sea. The biota-sediment accumulation factors for cyclic methylsiloxanes (D4-D6) and linear methylsiloxanes (L8-L16) were estimated as 0.42 ± 0.06-0.53 ± 0.06 and 0.13 ± 0.03-0.19 ± 0.05, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xudan He
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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Yang L, Hu Z, Yan F. RETRACTED: Threats of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in six molluscs from market to food safety: A case study in Haikou City, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 138:187-192. [PMID: 30660261 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Authors. The article is a duplicate of a paper that has already been published in the Chinese language in the Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 34 (2018) 1091-1095. doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.12.005). One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the paper has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Yang
- College of Marine Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Lishui City Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Marine Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.
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Liu Q, Liao Y, Shou L. Concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in seafoods collected from Sanmen Bay and its adjacent areas, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 131:356-364. [PMID: 29886958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Commercial marine fish, crustacean, and mollusc samples were collected from Sanmen Bay and its adjacent areas to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals in various species of marine organisms and evaluate the potential health risk for local consumers. The results indicated significant variations in metal contents among species. The highest concentrations of studied metals were found in molluscs, followed by crustaceans and fish. The first metal group of arsenic (As), cadmium, copper, and zinc were associated by their relatively high concentrations in the tissues of marine organisms, whereas chromium, mercury, and lead were identified the other group with low concentrations. Human health risk evaluation indicated that the exposure doses of most elements for coastal people were safe, except for As, which scored a high total target hazard quotient and target cancer risk value. Potential health risk of heavy metal exposure from seafood consumption should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yibo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lu Shou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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Aldairi AF, Ogundipe OD, Pye DA. Antiproliferative Activity of Glycosaminoglycan-Like Polysaccharides Derived from Marine Molluscs. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020063. [PMID: 29462890 PMCID: PMC5852491 DOI: 10.3390/md16020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing availability of new classes of cancer treatment, such as immune- and targeted therapies, there remains a need for the development of new antiproliferative/cytotoxic drugs with improved pharmacological profiles that can also overcome drug resistant forms of cancer. In this study, we have identified, and characterised, a novel marine polysaccharide with the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent. Sulphated polysaccharides isolated from the common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) were shown to have antiproliferative activity on chronic myelogenous leukaemia and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines. Disaccharide and monosaccharide analysis of these marine polysaccharides confirmed the presence of glycosaminoglycan-like structures that were enriched in ion-exchange purified fractions containing antiproliferative activity. The antiproliferative activity of these glycosaminoglycan-like marine polysaccharides was shown to be susceptible to heparinase but not chondrotinase ABC digestion. This pattern of enzymatic and antiproliferative activity has not previously been seen, with either marine or mammalian glycosaminoglycans. As such, our findings suggest we have identified a new type of marine derived heparan sulphate/heparin-like polysaccharide with potent anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Faisal Aldairi
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Olanrewaju Dorcas Ogundipe
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - David Alexander Pye
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
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Abstract
Covering: 2016. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2017, 34, 235-294This review covers the literature published in 2016 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (643 for the period January to December 2016) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1277 in 432 papers for 2016), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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27
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Tora S, Sacchini S, Listeš E, Bogdanović T, Di Lorenzo A, Smajlović M, Smajlović A, Filipović JV, Tahirović V, Šuković D, Beljkas B, Xinxo A, Maçi R, Colangeli P, Di Giacinto F, Conte A. A geographical information system for the management of the aquaculture data in the Adriatic Sea - the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the Adriatic countries experience: Present capabilities, tools and functions. Geospat Health 2017; 12:593. [PMID: 29239563 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2017.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The European Commission (EC) regulation no. 854/2004 requires a systematic monitoring of chemical and microbiological contaminants in live bivalve molluscs, live echinoderms, live tunicates and live marine gastropods for human consumption through surveillance plans to be implemented in all European Union (EU) countries.A consortium of five Adriatic countries was set up in the framework of the Instrument of Pre-accession Assistance Adriatic Cross-border Cooperation Programme (IPA Adriatic CBC) 2007- 2013 with the aim of collecting data and distribute information on harvesting and production in mollusc areas. A web-based geographical information system (GIS) application was developed to support the partners to manage data and to make these data available to final users, policy makers and to risk assessors. The GIS for the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the Adriatic countries (CAPS2) is divided into two levels, the national and the supranational one, and it distributes spatial and epidemiological information coming from various data acquisition and management sites. The great innovation is the possibility for each country to use online drawing, modifying and change of the geographic areas according to national surveillance needs. Currently it hosts data coming from about 230 production and relay areas with more than 29,478 laboratory tests performed on collected samples since August 2014. Data collected are used by each national competent authority to classify production or relay areas according to the EC regulation mentioned and to conduct risk assessment studies to evaluate the level of consumers' exposure to contaminants in the consumption of bivalve mollusc products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Tora
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo.
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Ahmad TB, Rudd D, Benkendorff K, Mahdi LK, Pratt KA, Dooley L, Wei C, Kotiw M. Brominated indoles from a marine mollusc inhibit inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186904. [PMID: 29073178 PMCID: PMC5658094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New drug leads for the treatment of inflammation are urgently needed. Marine molluscs are widely used as traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammation. Here we report the positive effects of a hypobranchial gland (HBG) extract and the dominant bioactive compound 6-bromoisatin from the Muricidae mollusc Dicathais orbita, for reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung inflammation in a mouse model. Both 6-bromoisatin and the HBG extract suppressed the inflammatory response in mice that were pre-treated by oral gavage at 48, 24 and 1 h prior to LPS infusion. The inflammatory antagonists were tested at concentrations of 0.5 mg/g and 0.1 mg/g HBG extract and 0.1 mg/g and 0.05 mg/g 6-bromoisatin in carrier oil and all treatments reduced inflammation as indicated by a significant suppression of inflammatory markers present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in comparison to LPS induced positive control mice administered the carrier oil alone (p < 0.0001). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, in addition to total protein concentration were all significantly reduced in BALF from mice treated with the extract or 6-bromoisatin. Furthermore, all treatment groups showed significant reductions in neutrophil sequestration and preservation of the lung tissue architecture compared to the positive control (p < 0.0001). The combined results from this study and our previous in vitro studies indicate that 6-bromoisatin in the HGB extracts inhibit the activation of inflammatory signalling pathway. The results from this study further confirm that the HBG extract from Muricidae molluscs and 6-bromoisatin are bioavailable and effective in vivo, thus have potential for development as natural therapeutic agents for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek B. Ahmad
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - David Rudd
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Layla K. Mahdi
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaylah-Ann Pratt
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Leanne Dooley
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chuanyu Wei
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Kotiw
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Carbone M, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Betancourt T, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Kiss R. Marine Mollusk-Derived Agents with Antiproliferative Activity as Promising Anticancer Agents to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:702-801. [PMID: 27925266 PMCID: PMC5484305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of marine mollusks has led to the isolation of a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, which evolved in marine organisms as favorable adaptations to survive in different environments. Most of them are derived from food sources, but they can be also biosynthesized de novo by the mollusks themselves, or produced by symbionts. Consequently, the isolated compounds cannot be strictly considered as "chemotaxonomic markers" for the different molluscan species. However, the chemical investigation of this phylum has provided many compounds of interest as potential anticancer drugs that assume particular importance in the light of the growing literature on cancer biology and chemotherapy. The current review highlights the diversity of chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and, most importantly, the potential of mollusk-derived metabolites as anticancer agents, including those biosynthesized by mollusks and those of dietary origin. After the discussion of dolastatins and kahalalides, compounds previously studied in clinical trials, the review covers potentially promising anticancer agents, which are grouped based on their structural type and include terpenes, steroids, peptides, polyketides and nitrogen-containing compounds. The "promise" of a mollusk-derived natural product as an anticancer agent is evaluated on the basis of its ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. These characteristics include high antiproliferative potency against cancer cells in vitro, preferential inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, mechanism of action via nonapoptotic signaling pathways, circumvention of multidrug resistance phenotype, and high activity in vivo, among others. The review also includes sections on the targeted delivery of mollusk-derived anticancer agents and solutions to their procurement in quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1070BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie ExpérimentaleFaculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1050BrusselsBelgium
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Tilvi S, Devi P, Majik MS. Quick elucidation of cyclodepsipeptide sequence from sacoglossan Elysia grandifolia using electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2017; 23:92-97. [PMID: 28657434 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717699218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Butanol fraction of sacoglossan Elysia grandifolia was investigated for identifying peptides using electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Without prior isolation, the structural determination is achieved on the basis of mass fragmentation pattern and comparison with the previously established data. The ESI-MS of the fraction in the positive ion mode gave clusters of singly and doubly charged molecular ion peaks. The ESI-MS spectrum showed peaks for the presence of the peptides kahalalides F, G, R and S reported earlier. In addition, it also showed molecular ion peaks at m/z 1557.8 [M+H]+ and doubly charged ions at m/z 779.4 [M+2H]2+, 790.4 [M+Na]2+ and 796.4 [M+K]2+. The MS/MS at m/z 779.4 [M+2H]+2 at collision energy 40 V obtained series of b and y fragment ions. The MS/MS spectrum showed identical fragment ion y6 at m/z 643 which revealed that cyclic part is identical with kahalalide F, R and S. Careful examination of the fragment ions b1 to b7 with their corresponding y fragment ions y12 to y6, respectively and by comparison of MS/MS pattern of kahalalide S, established that proline can be replaced by tyrosine amino acid residue. The mass difference between b4 ( m/z 511) and b5 ( m/z 674) is equal to 163 which is equivalent to mass residue of tyrosine. Their y fragment ions also quickly helped in fixing the puzzle. This resulted in the identification of the peptide sequence cyclo-[Val-(5-MeHex-Val-Thr-Val-Val-Tyr-Lys-Ile)Thr-Ile-Val-Phe-Dhb)] for the new cyclodepsipeptide, kahalalide Z3. Thus, ESI-MS/MS has set a trend in quick identification of new marine molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tilvi
- 1 Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Prabha Devi
- 1 Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Mahesh S Majik
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Goa University, Taleigao-Plateau, Goa, India
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Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Mathieu V, Ingels A, Kiss R, Pascale P, Mollo E, Ungur N, Guo YW, Gavagnin M. Marine Terpenoid Diacylguanidines: Structure, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Actinofide and Synthetic Analogues. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1339-1346. [PMID: 28406636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new diacylguanidine, actinofide (1), has been isolated from the marine mollusk Actinocyclus papillatus. The structure, exhibiting a guanidine moiety acylated by two terpenoid acid units, has been established by spectroscopic methods and secured by synthesis. Following this, a series of structural analogues have been synthesized using the same procedure. All of the compounds have been evaluated in vitro for the growth inhibitory activity against a variety of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB) , Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - M Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB) , Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aude Ingels
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paola Pascale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB) , Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB) , Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - Nicon Ungur
- Institute of Chemistry, Moldova Academy of Sciences , Academiei str. 3, MD-2028 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB) , Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
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Shang Z, Salim AA, Capon RJ. Chaunopyran A: Co-Cultivation of Marine Mollusk-Derived Fungi Activates a Rare Class of 2-Alkenyl-Tetrahydropyran. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1167-1172. [PMID: 28383912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-cultivation of Chaunopycnis sp. (CMB-MF028) and Trichoderma hamatum (CMB-MF030), fungal strains co-isolated from the inner tissue of an intertidal rock platform mollusc (Siphonaria sp), resulted in transcriptional activation of a rare class of 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyran, chaunopyran A (7), and biotransformation and deactivation of the antifungal pyridoxatin (1), to methyl-pyridoxatin (8). This study illustrates the complexity of offensive and counter-offensive molecular defenses encountered during fungal co-cultivation, and the opportunities for activating new, otherwise transcriptionally silent secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Shang
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angela A Salim
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Esmaeelian B, Benkendorff K, Le Leu RK, Abbott CA. Simultaneous Assessment of the Efficacy and Toxicity of Marine Mollusc-Derived Brominated Indoles in an In Vivo Model for Early Stage Colon Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 17:248-262. [PMID: 28381120 PMCID: PMC6041907 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417699880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute apoptotic response to genotoxic carcinogens animal model has been extensively used to assess the ability of drugs and natural products like dietary components to promote apoptosis in the colon and protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). This work aimed to use this model to identify the main chemopreventative agent in extracts from an Australian mollusc Dicathais orbita, while simultaneously providing information on their potential in vivo toxicity. After 2 weeks of daily oral gavage with bioactive extracts and purified brominated indoles, mice were injected with the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM; 10 mg/kg) and then killed 6 hours later. Efficacy was evaluated using immunohistochemical and hematoxylin staining, and toxicity was assessed via hematology, blood biochemistry, and liver histopathology. Comparison of saline- and AOM-injected controls revealed that potential toxic side effects can be interpreted from blood biochemistry and hematology using this short-term model, although AOM negatively affected the ability to detect histopathological effects in the liver. Purified 6-bromoisatin was identified as the main cancer preventive agent in the Muricidae extract, significantly enhancing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation in the colonic crypts at 0.05 mg/g. There was no evidence of liver toxicity associated with 6-bromoisatin, whereas 0.1 mg/g of the brominated indole tyrindoleninone led to elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and a reduction in red blood cells. As tyrindoleninone is converted to 6-bromoisatin by oxidation, this information will assist in the optimization and quality control of a chemopreventative nutraceutical from Muricidae. In conclusion, preliminary data on in vivo safety can be simultaneously collected when testing the efficacy of new natural products, such as 6-bromoisatin from Muricidae molluscs for early stage prevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Esmaeelian
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard K. Le Leu
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Abbott
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Catherine A. Abbott, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
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Muir GKP, Tierney KM, Cook GT, MacKinnon G, Howe JA, Heymans JJ, Hughes DJ, Xu S. Ecosystem uptake and transfer of Sellafield-derived radiocarbon ( 14C). Part 1. The Irish Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:792-804. [PMID: 27839777 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem uptake and transfer processes of Sellafield-derived radiocarbon (14C) within the Irish Sea were examined. Highly variable activities in sediment, seawater and biota indicate complex 14C dispersal and uptake dynamics. All east basin biota exhibited 14C enrichments above ambient background while most west basin biota had 14C activities close to background, although four organisms including two slow-moving species were significantly enriched. The western Irish Sea gyre is a suggested pathway for transfer of 14C to the west basin and retention therein. Despite ongoing Sellafield 14C discharges, organic sediments near Sellafield were significantly less enriched than associated benthic organisms. Rapid scavenging of labile, 14C-enriched organic material by organisms and mixing to depth of 14C-enriched detritus arriving at the sediment/water interface are proposed mechanisms to explain this. All commercially important fish, crustaceans and molluscs showed 14C enrichments above background; however, the radiation dose from their consumption is extremely low and radiologically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham K P Muir
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, Scotland, UK; The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kieran M Tierney
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, Scotland, UK; The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Gordon T Cook
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, Scotland, UK
| | - Gillian MacKinnon
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, Scotland, UK
| | - John A Howe
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Johanna J Heymans
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Hughes
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sheng Xu
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, Scotland, UK
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Fonollosa E, Peñalver A, Aguilar C, Borrull F. Bioaccumulation of natural radionuclides in molluscs from the Ebro Delta area. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:208-214. [PMID: 27709430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
210Po, 210Pb, 234U, 238U, 232Th and 230Th were analysed in the edible part of four different species of bivalves typically produced and consumed in the Ebro Delta area. The results show that the main contributor to the radioactive content in these species was 210Po, with values ranging between 263.1 ± 26.6 and 813.0 ± 72.9 Bq/kg (d.w.), which are higher than the usual reported activity levels in other geographical areas. This can probably be attributed to the activities of a phosphate industrial plant located upstream on the Ebro River, which may lead to enhanced levels of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in the aquatic ecosystem. To determine the possible impact on health, the committed effective doses through the consumption of the different species were evaluated and the cumulative total annual effective dose for their consumption was estimated to 187.6 μSv/year, which is in the range of 200-1000 μSv/year given by UNSCEAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fonollosa
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Peñalver
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C Aguilar
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - F Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
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Blackwell BAB, Kim DMK, Curry BB, Grimley DA, Blickstein JIB, Skinner AR. Shell We Date? ESR Dating Sangamon Interglacial Episode Deposits at Hopwood Farm, IL. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 172:283-295. [PMID: 27683396 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the Sangamon Episode, North America occasionally experienced warm climates. At Hopwood Farm, IL, a small kettle lake filled with sediment after the Illinois Episode glaciers retreated from southern Illinois. To date those deposits, 14 mollusc samples newly collected with associated sediment from three depths at Hopwood Farm were dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. ESR can date molluscs from ~0.5 ka to >2 Ma in age with 5-10% precision, by comparing the accumulated radiation dose with the total radiation dose rate from the mollusc and its environment. Because all molluscs contained ≤0.6 ppm U, their ages do not depend on the assumed U uptake model. Using five different species, ESR analyses for 14 mollusc subsamples from Hopwood Farm showed that Unit 3, a layer rich in lacustrine molluscs, dates at 102 ± 7 ka to 90 ± 6 ka, which correlates with Marine (Oxygen) Isotope Stage 5c-b. Thus, the period with the highest non-arboreal pollen at Hopwood also correlates with the European Brørup, Dansgaard-Oeschger Event DO 23, a time period when climates were cooling and drying somewhat over the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A B Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267-2962, USA
- RFK Science Research Institute, Box 866, Glenwood Landing, NY 11547-0866, USA
| | - Danny M K Kim
- RFK Science Research Institute, Box 866, Glenwood Landing, NY 11547-0866, USA
- Present Address: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - B Brandon Curry
- Illinois State Geological Survey & Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - David A Grimley
- Illinois State Geological Survey & Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Joel I B Blickstein
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267-2962, USA
- RFK Science Research Institute, Box 866, Glenwood Landing, NY 11547-0866, USA
| | - Anne R Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267-2962, USA
- RFK Science Research Institute, Box 866, Glenwood Landing, NY 11547-0866, USA
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Li A, Song J, Hu Y, Deng L, Ding L, Li M. New Typical Vector of Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-l-Alanine (BMAA) in the Marine Benthic Ecosystem. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14110202. [PMID: 27827914 PMCID: PMC5128745 DOI: 10.3390/md14110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has been identified as an environmental factor triggering neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the possible vectors of BMAA and its isomers 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and N-2(aminoethyl)glycine (AEG) in marine mollusks collected from the Chinese coast. Sixty-eight samples of marine mollusks were collected along the Chinese coast in 2016, and were analyzed by an HILIC-MS/MS (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer) method without derivatization. BMAA was detected in a total of five samples from three species: Neverita didyma, Solen strictus, and Mytilus coruscus. The top three concentrations of free-form BMAA (0.99~3.97 μg·g-1 wet weight) were detected in N. didyma. DAB was universally detected in most of the mollusk samples (53/68) with no species-specific or regional differences (0.051~2.65 μg·g-1 wet weight). No AEG was detected in any mollusk samples tested here. The results indicate that the gastropod N. didyma might be an important vector of the neurotoxin BMAA in the Chinese marine ecosystem. The neurotoxin DAB was universally present in marine bivalve and gastropod mollusks. Since N. didyma is consumed by humans, we suggest that the origin and risk of BMAA and DAB toxins in the marine ecosystem should be further investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jialiang Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Longji Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Meihui Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Mecozzi M, Pietroletti M. Chemical composition and surfactant characteristics of marine foams investigated by means of UV-vis, FTIR and FTNIR spectroscopy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:22418-22432. [PMID: 27544530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we collected the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform near-infrared (FTNIR) spectra of marine foams from different sites and foams produced by marine living organisms (i.e. algae and molluscs) to retrieve information about their molecular and structural composition. UV-vis spectra gave information concerning the lipid and pigment contents of foams. FTIR spectroscopy gave a more detailed qualitative information regarding carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in addition with information about the mineral contents of foams. FTNIR spectra confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in foams. Then, due to the higher content of structural information of FTIR spectroscopy with respect to FTNIR and UV-vis, we join the FTIR spectra of marine foams to those of humic substance from marine sediments and to the spectra of foams obtained by living organisms. We submitted this resulting FTIR spectral dataset to statistical multivariate methods to investigate specific aspects of foams such as structural similarity among foams and in addition, contributions from the organic matter of living organisms. Cluster analysis (CA) evidenced several cases (i.e. clusters) of marine foams having high structural similarity with foams from vegetal and animal samples and with humic substance extracted from sediments. These results suggested that all the living organisms of the marine environment can give contributions to the chemical composition of foams. Moreover, as CA also evidenced cases of structural differences within foam samples, we applied two-dimensional correlation analysis (2DCORR) to the FTIR spectra of marine foams to investigate the molecular characteristics which caused these structural differences. Asynchronous spectra of two-dimensional correlation analysis showed that the structural heterogeneity among foam samples depended reasonably on the presence and on the qualitative difference of electrostatic (hydrogen bonds) and nonpolar (van der Waals and π-π) interactions involving carbohydrate proteins and lipids present. The presence and relevance of these interactions agree with the supramolecular and surfactant characteristics of marine organic matter described in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mecozzi
- Laboratory of Chemometrics and Environmental Applications, ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Pietroletti
- Laboratory of Chemometrics and Environmental Applications, ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Bayen S, Estrada ES, Juhel G, Kit LW, Kelly BC. Pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water, sediments and mollusks in mangrove ecosystems from Singapore. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 109:716-722. [PMID: 27393211 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA), atrazine and selected pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in mangrove habitats in Singapore in 2012-2013, using multiple tools (sediment sampling, POCIS and filter feeder molluscs). Using POCIS, the same suite of contaminants (atrazine, BPA and eleven PhACs) was detected in mangrove waters in 28-days deployments in both 2012 and 2013. POCIS concentrations ranged from pg/L to μg/L. Caffeine, BPA, carbamazepine, E1, triclosan, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin were also detected in mangrove sediments from the low pg/g dw (e.g. carbamazepine) to ng/g dw (e.g. BPA). The detection of caffeine, carbamazepine, BPA, sulfamethoxazole or lincomycin in bivalve tissues also showed that these chemicals are bioavailable in the mangrove habitat. Since there are some indications that some pharmaceutically active substances may be biologically active in the low ppb range in marine species, further assessment should be completed based on ecotoxicological data specific to mangrove species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bayen
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Elvagris Segovia Estrada
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Juhel
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Wei Kit
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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White AM, Dewi AS, Cheney KL, Winters AE, Blanchfield JT, Garson MJ. Oxygenated Diterpenes from the Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs Goniobranchus splendidus and Ardeadoris egretta. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:921-924. [PMID: 30452163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new diterpenes (1-5), each with a highly oxygenated spongian framework, were characterized from an organic extract of a specimen of the nudibranch Goniobranchus splendidus collected from Eastern Australia. The new diterpene 7α-hydroxydendrillol-3 (6) was identified from specimens of Ardeodoris egretta. The structures and relative configurations of the six new metabolites have been elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data.
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Giandomenico S, Cardellicchio N, Spada L, Annicchiarico C, Di Leo A. Metals and PCB levels in some edible marine organisms from the Ionian Sea: dietary intake evaluation and risk for consumers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:12596-12612. [PMID: 26341333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of some metals (Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in edible marine organisms from different trophic levels and feeding behaviour like bivalve molluscs (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Chlamys glabra), gastropod molluscs (Hexaplex trunculus) and some commercial species of fish (Trachurus trachurus, Boops boops, Sarpa salpa and Gobius niger). These species were collected in the first inlet of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy), classified as 'Site of National Interest' established by National Law 426 (1998) and included in the 'National Environmental Remediation and Restoration Projects'. The aim of this work was to investigate contamination levels and public health risks, associated with consuming seafood harvested from these areas. Moreover, in this study, was also estimated the weekly intake in children and adults, both for metals and PCBs. In comparison with the permissible limits set by EC Regulations, Cd and Pb levels were over the limit in the H. trunculus (in all sampling stations) and in the fish T. trachurus respectively. PCBs were over the legal limit in all sampled species with the exception of M. galloprovincialis (station 1), C. glabra and the herbivorous fish S. salpa. In the fish T. trachurus, for example, the concentration of six target PCBs was about five times higher than the EC limit. The estimated intakes of those trace elements included in this study through seafood consumption by the population exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives for Cd and Hg in the H. trunculus and T. trachurus, especially in children. Moreover, hazard quotience (HQ) for Hg and Cd was >1 in the children for T. trachurus and H. trunculus consumption. As regard non-dioxin-like PCB (NDL-PCB), the estimated intake were always above the 'provisional guidance value' (70 ng/kg body weight) Arnich et al. (Regul Toxicol Pharm 54: 287-2, 2009) for all sampled organism. Thus, health risks due to the dietary Hg, Cd and PCBs intake, especially for children, cannot be excluded. Therefore, an extended remediation programme is necessary to safeguard marine ecosystem, human health and, not less important, the economic activities, in the Taranto marine area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Giandomenico
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Operative Unit of Taranto, C.N.R., via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Nicola Cardellicchio
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Operative Unit of Taranto, C.N.R., via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Lucia Spada
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Operative Unit of Taranto, C.N.R., via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy.
| | - Cristina Annicchiarico
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Operative Unit of Taranto, C.N.R., via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Leo
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Operative Unit of Taranto, C.N.R., via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
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Zhao J, Yang J, Song S, Zhou D, Qiao W, Zhu C, Liu S, Zhu B. Anticoagulant Activity and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharide from Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) Gonad. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060697. [PMID: 27338320 PMCID: PMC6273724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed at characterizing the structure and the anticoagulant activity of a polysaccharide fraction (AGP33) isolated from the gonads of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. AGP33 was extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis and purified by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The backbone fraction of AGP33 (BAGP33), which appeared to contain of mannose, glucose and galactose, was prepared by partial acid hydrolysis. According to methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the backbone of AGP33 was identified as mainly consisting of 1→3-linked, 1→4-linked, and 1→6-linked monosaccharides. AGP33 is a sulfated polysaccharide with sulfates occur at 3-O- and 4-O-positions. It prolonged thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT) compared to a saline control solution in a dosage-dependent manner. AGP33 exhibited an extension (p < 0.01) of APTT compared to the saline group at concentrations higher than 5 μg/mL. AGP33 exhibited higher anticoagulant activity than its desulfated product (AGP33-des) and BAGP33. The results showed that polysaccharide with higher molecular weight and sulfate content demonstrated greater anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Dayong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Weizhou Qiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, China.
| | - Ce Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shuyin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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El Nemr A, El-Said GF, Khaled A. Risk Assessment of Organochlorines in Mollusk from the Mediterranean and Red Sea Coasts of Egypt. Water Environ Res 2016; 88:325-337. [PMID: 27131056 DOI: 10.2175/106143016x14504669767977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues were studied in different mollusk species from the Egyptian Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts. The average levels of OCPs in mollusks comprised chlordanes, dieldrins, total endrin, endosulfan compounds, and methoxychlor (DECEM), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The averages of HCHs, DDTs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mollusks from the Mediterranean Sea were 1.13±1.21, 1.30±1.27, and 1.40±0.93 ng/g, respectively; from the Red Sea, they were 0.62±0.90, 1.77±1.82, and 6.44±5.05 ng/g, respectively. The analysis of HCHs, DDTs, and PCBs in mollusks indicates a new usage of lindane, PCB congeners, and the input of technical HCH and aged DDT. The data showed that the Red Sea Coast was more affected by PCBs congeners than the Mediterranean Sea Coast, which may be attributed to the different activities along the two coastal areas. Mollusks in the Mediterranean Sea had higher dieldrins, total endrin, endosulfan compounds, and methoxychlor contents than those in the Red Sea. Interestingly, HCHs, DDTs, and PCBs levels were lower than those recommended for Swedish Food Regulation and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which means that mollusks from these two coastal areas are safe as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Nemr
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zhang L, Shi Z, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Wang F, Huang X. Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms in east and west Guangdong coastal regions, South China. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 101:930-937. [PMID: 26506025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As) concentrations, distribution and bioaccumulation were studied in marine organisms in Guangdong coastal regions. Heavy metal concentrations and distribution in organisms showed characteristics according to areas and species. Heavy metal concentrations in most organisms were higher in west than in east, tightly related to the local industry structure and the disequilibrium of metal discharge. Generally, high heavy metal concentrations were detected in molluscs and low concentrations were detected in fish. Bioaccumulation factor was used to assess the accumulation level of marine organisms to heavy metals, of which Cd, Cu and As were the most accumulated elements. Accumulation abilities to heavy metals varied among organism species, such as Distorsio reticulate accumulating Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Loligo beka Sasaki accumulating Pb, Cu, Cr, and Turritella bacillum Kiener accumulating Zn, Cd, As. By comparison, Johnius belengeri, Argyrosomus argentatus, Cynoglossus sinicus Wu had relatively low accumulation abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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Sessa JA, Larina E, Knoll K, Garb M, Cochran JK, Huber BT, MacLeod KG, Landman NH. Ammonite habitat revealed via isotopic composition and comparisons with co-occurring benthic and planktonic organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15562-7. [PMID: 26630003 PMCID: PMC4697401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507554112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonites are among the best-known fossils of the Phanerozoic, yet their habitat is poorly understood. Three common ammonite families (Baculitidae, Scaphitidae, and Sphenodiscidae) co-occur with well-preserved planktonic and benthic organisms at the type locality of the upper Maastrichtian Owl Creek Formation, offering an excellent opportunity to constrain their depth habitats through isotopic comparisons among taxa. Based on sedimentary evidence and the micro- and macrofauna at this site, we infer that the 9-m-thick sequence was deposited at a paleodepth of 70-150 m. Taxa present throughout the sequence include a diverse assemblage of ammonites, bivalves, and gastropods, abundant benthic foraminifera, and rare planktonic foraminifera. No stratigraphic trends are observed in the isotopic data of any taxon, and thus all of the data from each taxon are considered as replicates. Oxygen isotope-based temperature estimates from the baculites and scaphites overlap with those of the benthos and are distinct from those of the plankton. In contrast, sphenodiscid temperature estimates span a range that includes estimates of the planktonic foraminifera and of the warmer half of the benthic values. These results suggest baculites and scaphites lived close to the seafloor, whereas sphenodiscids sometimes inhabited the upper water column and/or lived closer to shore. In fact, the rarity and poorer preservation of the sphenodiscids relative to the baculites and scaphites suggests that the sphenodiscid shells may have only reached the Owl Creek locality by drifting seaward after death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Anne Sessa
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024;
| | - Ekaterina Larina
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90018
| | - Katja Knoll
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Matthew Garb
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - J Kirk Cochran
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Brian T Huber
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Neil H Landman
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024
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Réveillon D, Séchet V, Hess P, Amzil Z. Systematic detection of BMAA (β-N-methylamino-l-alanine) and DAB (2,4-diaminobutyric acid) in mollusks collected in shellfish production areas along the French coasts. Toxicon 2015; 110:35-46. [PMID: 26615827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is naturally present in some microalgal species in the marine environment. The accumulation of BMAA has widely been observed in filter-feeding bivalves that are known to consume primary producers constituting the base of complex aquatic food webs. This study was performed to assess the occurrence of BMAA and isomers in mollusks collected from nine representative shellfish production areas located on the three French coasts (Channel, Atlantic and Mediterranean sites). The use of a highly selective and sensitive HILIC-MS/MS method, with D5DAB as internal standard, revealed the systematic detection of BMAA and DAB, in concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 6.7 μg g(-1) dry weight of digestive gland tissues of mollusks. While we detected BMAA in four strains of diatoms in a previous study, here BMAA was only detected in one diatom species previously not investigated out of the 23 microalgal species examined (belonging to seven classes). The concentrations of BMAA and DAB in mussels and oysters were similar at different sampling locations and despite the high diversity of phytoplankton populations that mollusks feed on at these locations. Only small variations of BMAA and DAB levels were observed and these were not correlated to any of the phytoplankton species reported. Therefore, extensive research should be performed on both origin and metabolism of BMAA in shellfish. The levels observed in this study are similar to those found in other studies in France or elsewhere. A previous study had related such levels to a cluster of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the South of France; hence the widespread occurrence of BMAA in shellfish from all coasts in France found in this study suggests the need for further epidemiological and toxicological studies to establish the levels that are relevant for a link between the consumption of BMAA-containing foodstuffs and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Réveillon
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Véronique Séchet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
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Li K, Zhao GF, Zhou HD, Zhao J, Zhang PW, Liu QN, Wang XX, Liu XR. [Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk of CBs in Aquatic Organisms from Typical Epidemic Areas of Schistosomiasis Prevalence]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2015; 36:3866-3871. [PMID: 26841624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eleven mollusca samples and 32 fish samples were collected from typical epidemic areas of schistosomiasis prevalence. The contents of 12 CB congeners in aquatic organism samples were measured using the GC/MS technique. The results indicated that 1,3-DIC, 1,4-DIC, 1,2-DIC and HCB were the most predominant CB congeners in the samples from the studying area. The geometric average of CBs in muscle of mollusca was 11 947 ng x g(-1) lipid weight. The summarized concentration of CBs in fish muscle ranged from 1 851 to 8 159 ng x g(-1) lipid weight. The highest concentration of CBs sum was detected in the catfish, while the lowest one was found in the crucian carp. The concentrations of CBs in fish samples were much higher than those reported in other countries, while in mollusca samples were at the same level. The estimated cumulative cancerigenic risks for the local residents consumed the aquatic organisms from the studying area were 1.49 x 10(-7) and 3.73-21.1 x 10(-7), respectively for mollusca and fish, both of which were acceptable.
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Mok JS, Kwon JY, Son KT, Choi WS, Kim PH, Lee TS, Kim JH. Distribution of heavy metals in internal organs and tissues of Korean molluscan shellfish and potential risk to human health. J Environ Biol 2015; 36:1161-1167. [PMID: 26521561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molluscan shellfish (gastropods and bivalves) were collected from major fish markets on the Korean coast and analyzed for mercury by direct Hg analyzer and for other metals, such as cadmium, lead, chromium, silver, nickel, copper and zinc, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Distribution of heavy metals in muscles, internal organs and whole tissues were determined and a potential risk assessment was conducted to evaluate their hazard for human consumption. Heavy metals were accumulated significantly higher (P < 0.05) in internal organs than in muscles for all species. The mean Cd level, which had the highest level of three hazardous metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) in all internal-organ samples were above the regulatory limit of Korea and the mean level in whole tissue samples of the selected gastropod species, bay scallop and comb pen shell, exceeded the limit (except in a few cases). The sum of the estimated dietary intake of Cd, Pb and Hg for each part of all tested species accounted for 1.59-16.94, 0.02-0.36, and 0.07-0.16% respectively, of the provisional tolerable daily intake adopted by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The hazard index for each part of gastropods and bivalves was below 1.0, however, the maximum HI for internal organs of all analysed species was quite high (0.71). These results suggest that consumption of flesh after removing the internal organs of some molluscan shellfish (all gastropod species, bay scallop and comb pen shell) is a suitable way for reducing Cd exposure.
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Liu AF, Tian Y, Yin NY, Yu M, Qu GB, Shi JB, Du YG, Jiang GB. Characterization of Three Tetrabromobisphenol-S Derivatives in Mollusks from Chinese Bohai Sea: A Strategy for Novel Brominated Contaminants Identification. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11741. [PMID: 26130450 PMCID: PMC4486981 DOI: 10.1038/srep11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel brominated contaminants in the environment, especially the derivatives and byproducts of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), has become a wide concern because of their adverse effects on human health. Herein, we qualitatively and quantitatively identified three byproducts of tetrabromobisphenol-S bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPS-BDBPE), including TBBPS mono(allyl ether) (TBBPS-MAE), TBBPS mono(2-bromoallyl ether) (TBBPS-MBAE) and TBBPS mono(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPS-MDBPE) as novel brominated contaminants. Meanwhile, the mass spectra and analytical method for determination of TBBPS-BDBPE byproducts were presented for the first time. The detectable concentrations (dry weight) of TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE and TBBPS-MDBPE were in the ranges 28-394 μg/g in technical TBBPS-BDBPE and 0.1-4.1 ng/g in mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea. The detection frequencies in mollusk samples were 5%, 39%, 95% for TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE and TBBPS-MDBPE, respectively, indicating their prevailing in the environment. The results showed that they could be co-produced and leaked into the environment with production process, and might be more bioaccumulative and toxic than TBBPS-BDBPE. Therefore, the production and use of TBBPS derivatives lead to unexpected contamination to the surrounding environment. This study also provided an effective approach for identification of novel contaminants in the environment with synthesized standards and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nuo-ya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guang-bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jian-bo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu-guo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gui-bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Lee S, Kim SJ, Ju SJ, Pak SJ, Son SK, Yang J, Han S. Mercury accumulation in hydrothermal vent mollusks from the southern Tonga Arc, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Chemosphere 2015; 127:246-253. [PMID: 25748345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We provide the mercury (Hg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) levels of the plume water, sulfide ore, sediment, and mollusks located at the hydrothermal vent fields of the southern Tonga Arc, where active volcanism and intense seismic activity occur frequently. Our objectives were: (1) to address the potential release of Hg from hydrothermal fluids and (2) to examine the distribution of Hg and MMHg levels in hydrothermal mollusks (mussels and snails) harboring chemotrophic bacteria. While high concentrations of Hg in the sediment and Hg, As, and Sb in the sulfide ore indicates that their source is likely hydrothermal fluids, the MMHg concentration in the sediment was orders of magnitude lower than the Hg (<0.001%). It suggests that Hg methylation may have not been favorable in the vent field sediment. In addition, Hg concentrations in the mollusks were much higher (10-100 times) than in other hydrothermal vent environments, indicating that organisms located at the Tonga Arc are exposed to exceedingly high Hg levels. While Hg concentration was higher in the gills and digestive glands than in the mantles and residues of snails and mussels, the MMHg concentrations in the gills and digestive glands were orders of magnitude lower (0.004-0.04%) than Hg concentrations. In summary, our results suggest that the release of Hg from the hydrothermal vent fields of the Tonga Arc and subsequent bioaccumulation are substantial, but not for MMHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Lee
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Deep-Sea and Seabed Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do 426-744, Republic of Korea; Marine Biology Major, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Pak
- Deep-Sea and Seabed Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Son
- Deep-Sea and Seabed Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisook Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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