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Mwangi SM, Li G, Balasubramaniam A, Merlin D, Dawson PA, Jang YC, Hart CM, Czaja MJ, Srinivasan S. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor prevents western diet and palmitate-induced hepatocyte oxidative damage and death through SIRT3. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15838. [PMID: 36151131 PMCID: PMC9508117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased oxidative stress that leads to hepatocyte and mitochondrial damage. In this study we investigated the mechanisms involved in the induction of oxidative stress and impairment of mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy in hepatocytes by the saturated fatty acid palmitate and Western diet feeding in mice and if their harmful effects could be reversed by the neurotrophic factor glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Western diet (WD)-feeding increased hepatic lipid peroxidation in control mice and, in vitro palmitate induced oxidative stress and impaired the mitophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria in hepatocytes. This was accompanied by reductions in hepatocyte sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) deacetylase activity, gene expression and protein levels as well as in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. These reductions were reversed in the liver of Western diet fed GDNF transgenic mice and in hepatocytes exposed to palmitate in the presence of GDNF. We demonstrate an important role for Western diet and palmitate in inducing oxidative stress and impairing mitophagy in hepatocytes and an ability of GDNF to prevent this. These findings suggest that GDNF or its agonists may be a potential therapy for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul A Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young C Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.
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Xu YN, Wang Z, Zhang SK, Xu JR, Pan ZX, Wei X, Wen HH, Luo YS, Guo MJ, Zhu Q. Low-grade elevation of palmitate and lipopolysaccharide synergistically induced β-cell damage via inhibition of neutral ceramidase. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111473. [PMID: 34610358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could lead to β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, while low-grade elevation of FFAs or LPS, which are more common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity, have no obvious toxic effect on β-cells. Palmitate is a component closely related to metabolic disorders in FFAs. Recent studies have found that low-grade elevation of palmitate and LPS synergistically affects the sphingolipid signaling pathway by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further enhances the expression of inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. Previous studies demonstrated that sphingolipids also played an important role in the occurrence and development of T2DM. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of low-grade elevation of palmitate and LPS on viability, apoptosis and insulin secretion in the rat pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 or islets and the role of sphingolipids in this process. We showed that low-grade elevation of palmitate or LPS alone did not affect the viability, apoptosis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) or intracellular insulin content of INS-1 cells or islets, while the combination of the two synergistically inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis and decreased basal insulin secretion in INS-1 cells or islets. Treatment with palmitate and LPS markedly upregulated TLR4 protein expression and downregulated neutral ceramidase (NCDase) activity and protein expression. Additionally, low-grade elevation of palmitate and LPS synergistically induced a significant increase in ceramide and a decrease in sphingosine-1-phosphate. Blocking TLR4 signaling or overexpressing NCDase remarkably attenuated INS-1 cell injury induced by the combination of palmitate and LPS. However, inhibition of ceramide synthase did not ameliorate injury induced by palmitate and LPS. Overall, we show for the first time that low-grade elevation of palmitate and LPS synergistically induced β-cell damage by activating TLR4 signaling, inhibiting NCDase activity, and further modulating sphingolipid metabolism, which was different from a high concentration of palmitate-induced β-cell injury by promoting ceramide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China; Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Shao-Kun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Jia-Rong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Pan
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yan-Shi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Mao-Jun Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Qun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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3
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Pyun DH, Kim TJ, Park SY, Lee HJ, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance and NAFLD via AMPK/SIRT1-mediated suppression of inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111464. [PMID: 34601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation and thus causes various metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patchouli alcohol (PA), an active component extracted from patchouli, displayed anti-inflammatory effects on different cell types. However, the impact of PA on skeletal muscle insulin signaling and hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether PA would affect insulin signaling impairment in myocytes and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Treatment with PA ameliorated palmitate-induced inflammation and aggravation of insulin signaling in C2C12 myocytes and lipid accumulation in HepG2 hepatocytes. Treatment of C2C12 myocytes and HepG2 cells with PA augmented AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK or SIRT1 mitigated the effects of PA on palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in C2C12 myocytes and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Animal experiments demonstrated that PA administration increased AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression, and ameliorated inflammation, thereby attenuating skeletal muscle insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. These results denote that PA alleviates skeletal muscle insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through AMPK/SIRT1-dependent signaling. This study might provide a novel therapeutic approach for treating obesity-related insulin resistance and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyeon Pyun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jung TW, Lee HJ, Pyun DH, Kim TJ, Bang JS, Song JH, Shin YK, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH. Capmatinib improves insulin sensitivity and inflammation in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes through the PPARδ/p38-dependent pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111364. [PMID: 34126189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capmatinib (CAP) has been used to treat metastatic non-small lung cancer (NSCL) and suppress inflammation. It causes hypoglycemia in NSCL patients. Therefore, it is expected that CAP improves inflammation-mediated insulin resistance due to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, the impacts of CAP on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of CAP on insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes and explored the related molecular mechanisms. We found that treatment of C2C12 myocytes with CAP reversed palmitate-induced impairment of insulin signaling and glucose uptake. CAP treatment ameliorated phosphorylation of inflammatory markers, including NFκB and IκB, in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. Further, it augmented PPARδ expression and suppressed palmitate-induced p38 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated suppression of PPARδ abolished the effects of CAP on palmitate-induced insulin resistance and inflammation as well as p38 phosphorylation. Therefore, it has been shown that CAP treatment ameliorates insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes via PPARδ/p38 signaling-mediated suppression of inflammation. These results may represent a novel therapeutic approach that could halt insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Pyun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Mukhuty A, Fouzder C, Kundu R. Blocking TLR4-NF-κB pathway protects mouse islets from the combinatorial impact of high fat and fetuin-A mediated dysfunction and restores ability for insulin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111314. [PMID: 33989718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediated pancreatic β-cell dysfunction during Type 2 diabetes is known to be regulated by activation of TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4) and NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa B). Recently we have reported that MIN6 cells (mouse insulinoma cells) secrete fetuin-A on stimulation by palmitate that aggravates β-cell dysfunction, but the mechanism involved in-vivo has not been demonstrated and thus remained unclear. Here we attempted to dissect the role of palmitate and fetuin-A on insulin secretion using high fat diet (HFD) fed mice model. HFD islets showed curtailed insulin secretion after 20 weeks of treatment with activated TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Further treatment of islets with palmitate raised fetuin-A expression by ~2.8 folds and cut down insulin secretion by ~1.4 folds. However, blocking the activity of TLR4, fetuin-A and NF-κB using specific inhibitors or siRNAs not only restored insulin secretion by ~2 folds in standard diet fed mice islets and MIN6 cells but also evoke insulin secretory ability by ~2.3 folds in HFD islets. Altogether this study demonstrated that blocking TLR4, fetuin-A and NF-κB protect pancreatic β-cells from the negative effects of free fatty acid and fetuin-A and restore insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mukhuty
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731 235, India
| | - Chandrani Fouzder
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731 235, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731 235, India.
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6
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Tan L, Harper LR, Armstrong A, Carlson CS, Yammani RR. Dietary saturated fatty acid palmitate promotes cartilage lesions and activates the unfolded protein response pathway in mouse knee joints. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247237. [PMID: 33617553 PMCID: PMC7899342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased intake of dietary saturated fatty acids has been linked to obesity and the development of Osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanism by which these fats promote cartilage degradation and the development of OA is not clearly understood. Here, we report the effects of consumption of common dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, palmitate and oleate, respectively, on body weight, metabolic factors, and knee articular cartilage in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Mice fed on a diet rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acid gained an equal amount of weight; however, mice fed a palmitate diet, but not a control or oleate diet, exhibited more cartilage lesions and increased expression of 1) unfolded protein response (UPR)/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers including BIP, P-IRE1α, XBP1, ATF4, and CHOP; 2) apoptosis markers CC3 and C-PARP; and 3) negative cell survival regulators Nupr1 and TRB3, in knee articular cartilage. Palmitate-induced apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL staining. Likewise, dietary palmitate was also increased the circulatory levels of classic proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. Taken together, our results demonstrate that increased weight gain is not sufficient for the development of obesity-linked OA and suggest that dietary palmitate promotes UPR/ER stress and cartilage lesions in mouse knee joints. This study validates our previous in vitro findings and suggests that ER stress could be the critical metabolic factor contributing to the development of diet/obesity induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsey R. Harper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Armstrong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Raghunatha R. Yammani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sarnyai F, Somogyi A, Gór-Nagy Z, Zámbó V, Szelényi P, Mátyási J, Simon-Szabó L, Kereszturi É, Tóth B, Csala M. Effect of cis- and trans-Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Palmitate Toxicity and on Palmitate-induced Accumulation of Ceramides and Diglycerides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072626. [PMID: 32283839 PMCID: PMC7178055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been implicated in serious health risks, yet little is known about their cellular effects and metabolism. We aim to undertake an in vitro comparison of two representative TFAs (elaidate and vaccenate) to the best-characterized endogenous cis-unsaturated FA (oleate). The present study addresses the possible protective action of TFAs on palmitate-treated RINm5F insulinoma cells with special regards to apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the underlying ceramide and diglyceride (DG) accumulation. Both TFAs significantly improved cell viability and reduced apoptosis in palmitate-treated cells. They mildly attenuated palmitate-induced XBP-1 mRNA cleavage and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but they were markedly less potent than oleate. Accordingly, all the three unsaturated FAs markedly reduced cellular palmitate incorporation and prevented harmful ceramide and DG accumulation. However, more elaidate or vaccenate than oleate was inserted into ceramides and DGs. Our results revealed a protective effect of TFAs in short-term palmitate toxicity, yet they also provide important in vitro evidence and even a potential mechanism for unfavorable long-term health effects of TFAs compared to oleate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkas Sarnyai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Somogyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Gór-Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Zámbó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Szelényi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Mátyási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kereszturi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (M.C.)
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Li L, Fu J, Liu D, Sun J, Hou Y, Chen C, Shao J, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao R, Wang H, Andersen ME, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Pi J. Hepatocyte-specific Nrf2 deficiency mitigates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis: Involvement of reduced PPARγ expression. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101412. [PMID: 31901728 PMCID: PMC6940621 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global disease with increasing prevalence. However, the mechanism of NAFLD development is not fully understood. To elucidate the cell-specific role of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, we utilized hepatocyte- and macrophage-specific Nrf2-knockout [Nrf2(L)-KO and Nrf2(Mϕ)-KO] mice to examine the progress of NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Compared to Nrf2-LoxP littermates, Nrf2(L)-KO mice showed less liver enlargement, milder inflammation and less hepatic steatosis after HFD feeding. In contrast, Nrf2(Mϕ)-KO mice displayed no significant difference in HFD-induced hepatic steatosis from Nrf2-LoxP control mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Nrf2 deficiency in hepatocytes dampens the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its downstream lipogenic genes in the liver and/or primary hepatocytes induced by HFD and palmitate exposure, respectively. While PPARγ agonists augmented PPARγ expression and its transcriptional activity in primary hepatocytes in a NRF2-dependent manner, forced overexpression of PPARγ1 or γ2 distinctively reversed the decreased expression of their downstream genes fatty acid binding protein 4, lipoprotein lipase and/or fatty acid synthase caused by Nrf2 deficiency. We conclude that NRF2-dependent expression of PPARγ in hepatocytes is a critical initiating process in the development of NAFLD, suggesting that inhibition of NRF2 specifically in hepatocytes may be a valuable approach to prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Junbo Shao
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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McIlwraith EK, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Regulation of Gpr173 expression, a putative phoenixin receptor, by saturated fatty acid palmitate and endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A through a p38-mediated mechanism in immortalized hypothalamic neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:54-60. [PMID: 30716364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GPR173 is a highly conserved G protein coupled receptor associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal reproductive axis. It is expressed in the brain and ovaries, however considerable knowledge about its function remains unknown. One putative ligand for this receptor is phoenixin (PNX), a newly identified reproductive peptide involved in hypothalamic coordination of the estrous cycle. In order to characterize GPR173, it is vital to determine how Gpr173 is regulated in the hypothalamus. Since the hypothalamus senses compounds from the blood, such as nutrients and chemicals, we examined the effect of palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, and bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, on Gpr173 gene expression. Immortalized hypothalamic neurons were treated with palmitate or BPA for 2-24 h and Gpr173 mRNA levels were assessed with RT-qPCR. Palmitate and BPA both reduced Gpr173 mRNA levels, in part through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38. Pre-treatment with palmitate for 24 h blocked the PNX-induction of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) levels. In conclusion, nutrition levels and environmental chemicals may influence reproductive function through modulation of Gpr173 expression, which may prove to be a future therapeutic target in reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Yousf S, Sardesai DM, Mathew AB, Khandelwal R, Acharya JD, Sharma S, Chugh J. Metabolic signatures suggest o-phosphocholine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine ratio as a potential biomarker for high-glucose and/or palmitate exposure in pancreatic β-cells. Metabolomics 2019; 15:55. [PMID: 30927092 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic exposure to high-glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) alone/or in combination; and the resulting gluco-, lipo- and glucolipo-toxic conditions, respectively, have been known to induce dysfunction and apoptosis of β-cells in Diabetes. The molecular mechanisms and the development of biomarkers that can be used to predict similarities and differences behind these conditions would help in easier and earlier diagnosis of Diabetes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to use metabolomics to gain insight into the mechanisms by which β-cells respond to excess-nutrient stress and identify associated biomarkers. METHODS INS-1E cells were cultured in high-glucose, palmitate alone/or in combination for 24 h to mimic gluco-, lipo- and glucolipo-toxic conditions, respectively. Biochemical and cellular experiments were performed to confirm the establishment of these conditions. To gain molecular insights, abundant metabolites were identified and quantified using 1H-NMR. RESULTS No loss of cellular viability was observed in high-glucose while exposure to FFA alone/in combination with high-glucose was associated with increased ROS levels, membrane damage, lipid accumulation, and DNA double-strand breaks. Forty-nine abundant metabolites were identified and quantified using 1H-NMR. Chemometric pair-wise analysis in glucotoxic and lipotoxic conditions, when compared with glucolipotoxic conditions, revealed partial overlap in the dysregulated metabolites; however, the dysregulation was more significant under glucolipotoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The current study compared gluco-, lipo- and glucolipotoxic conditions in parallel and elucidated differences in metabolic pathways that play major roles in Diabetes. o-phosphocholine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine were identified as common dysregulated metabolites and their ratio was proposed as a potential biomarker for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Yousf
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Devika M Sardesai
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Abraham B Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rashi Khandelwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Jhankar D Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Cha SH, Han EJ, Ahn G, Jun HS. Taurine-Rich-Containing Hot Water Extract of Loliolus Beka Gray Meat Scavenges Palmitate-Induced Free Radicals and Protects Against DNA Damage in Insulin Secreting β-Cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1155:483-495. [PMID: 31468425 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of pancreatic β-cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and many studies have been focused on ways to improve glucose homeostasis by preserving, expanding and improving the function of β-cell. Elevated levels of free fatty acids such as palmitate might contribute to the loss of β-cells. A marine squid, Loliolus beka has long been used as a food in Korea, China, Japan and Europe due to its tender meat and high taurine content. Here, we investigated the protective effects of a hot water extract of Loliolus beka meat (LBM) against palmitate toxicity in Ins-1 cells, a rat β-cell line. Treatment with LBM extract protected against palmitate-induced cytotoxicity and scavenged overproduction of nitric oxide, alkyl, and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, LBM extract protected against palmitate-induced DNA damage and β-cell dysfunction. These findings suggest that LBM protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitate-induced damage. LBM could be a potential therapeutic functional food for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bioindustry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungcheongman-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Tubbs E, Chanon S, Robert M, Bendridi N, Bidaux G, Chauvin MA, Ji-Cao J, Durand C, Gauvrit-Ramette D, Vidal H, Lefai E, Rieusset J. Disruption of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Integrity Contributes to Muscle Insulin Resistance in Mice and Humans. Diabetes 2018; 67:636-650. [PMID: 29326365 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of the interactions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, defined as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), were recently shown to be involved in the control of hepatic insulin action and glucose homeostasis, but with conflicting results. Whereas skeletal muscle is the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake and the main target for alterations in insulin-resistant states, the relevance of MAM integrity in muscle insulin resistance is unknown. Deciphering the importance of MAMs on muscle insulin signaling could help to clarify this controversy. Here, we show in skeletal muscle of different mice models of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) a marked disruption of ER-mitochondria interactions as an early event preceding mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Furthermore, in human myotubes, palmitate-induced insulin resistance is associated with a reduction of structural and functional ER-mitochondria interactions. Importantly, experimental increase of ER-mitochondria contacts in human myotubes prevents palmitate-induced alterations of insulin signaling and action, whereas disruption of MAM integrity alters the action of the hormone. Lastly, we found an association between altered insulin signaling and ER-mitochondria interactions in human myotubes from obese subjects with or without T2D compared with healthy lean subjects. Collectively, our data reveal a new role of MAM integrity in insulin action of skeletal muscle and highlight MAM disruption as an essential subcellular alteration associated with muscle insulin resistance in mice and humans. Therefore, reduced ER-mitochondria coupling could be a common alteration of several insulin-sensitive tissues playing a key role in altered glucose homeostasis in the context of obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tubbs
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Robert
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Chauvin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Jingwei Ji-Cao
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Durand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Daphné Gauvrit-Ramette
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
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13
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Zhao H, Matsuzaka T, Nakano Y, Motomura K, Tang N, Yokoo T, Okajima Y, Han SI, Takeuchi Y, Aita Y, Iwasaki H, Yatoh S, Suzuki H, Sekiya M, Yahagi N, Nakagawa Y, Sone H, Yamada N, Shimano H. Elovl6 Deficiency Improves Glycemic Control in Diabetic db/ db Mice by Expanding β-Cell Mass and Increasing Insulin Secretory Capacity. Diabetes 2017; 66:1833-1846. [PMID: 28461456 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional fatty acid (FA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction and loss of β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Elovl6 is a microsomal enzyme that is responsible for converting C16 saturated and monounsaturated FAs into C18 species. We previously showed that Elovl6 played a critical role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance by modifying FA composition. To further define its role in T2D development, we assessed the effects of Elovl6 deletion in leptin receptor-deficient C57BL/KsJ db/db mice, a model of T2D. The db/db;Elovl6-/- mice had a markedly increased β-cell mass with increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, an adaptive increase in insulin, and improved glycemic control. db/db islets were characterized by a prominent elevation of oleate (C18:1n-9), cell stress, and inflammation, which was completely suppressed by Elovl6 deletion. As a mechanistic ex vivo experiment, isolated islets from Elovl6-/- mice exhibited reduced susceptibility to palmitate-induced inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and β-cell apoptosis. In contrast, oleate-treated islets resulted in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with suppressed related genes irrespective of the Elovl6 gene. Taken together, Elovl6 is a fundamental factor linking dysregulated lipid metabolism to β-cell dysfunction, islet inflammation, and β-cell apoptosis in T2D, highlighting oleate as the potential culprit of β-cell lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Motomura
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nie Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Yokoo
- Experimental Animal Laboratory, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okajima
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yatoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Bolger WE, Tadros M, Ellenbogen RG, Judy K, Grady MS. Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with the use of bone wax in skull-base surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 132:418-20. [PMID: 15746855 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To alert otolaryngologists to consider the possibility that bone wax may be associated with cerebrospinal fluid leaks that occur immediately after skull-base craniotomy approaches. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Clinical report from surgical experience in a tertiary care setting. RESULTS Three patients presented with brisk cerebrospinal fluid leak after craniotomy. Sinus endoscopy revealed bone wax within a small parasphenoid defect in all 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS Bleeding from areas of the skull base adjacent to the paranasal sinuses during craniotomy can signal a small breach of the skull base. Bone wax may control bleeding from edges of transected bone but also stent the skull-base defect open, preventing fibrin deposition and spontaneous healing and closure. SIGNIFICANCE Otolaryngologists repairing a cerebrospinal fluid leak after a skull-base craniotomy approach should consider the possibility of encountering bone wax and be able to identify it to better treat their patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Bolger
- Division of Otolaryngology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Wang DD, Zhu HZ, Li SW, Yang JM, Xiao Y, Kang QR, Li CY, Zhao YS, Zeng Y, Li Y, Zhang J, He ZD, Ying Y. Crude Saponins of Panax notoginseng Have Neuroprotective Effects To Inhibit Palmitate-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis and Loss of Postsynaptic Proteins in Staurosporine Differentiated RGC-5 Retinal Ganglion Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1528-1539. [PMID: 26832452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) contributes to the gradual loss of retinal neurons at the early phase of diabetic retinopathy (DR). There is an urgent need to search for drugs with neuroprotective effects against apoptosis of RGCs for the early treatment of DR. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, on apoptosis of RGCs stimulated by palmitate, a metabolic factor for the development of diabetes and its complications, and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. We showed that crude saponins of P. notoginseng (CSPN) inhibited the increased apoptosis and loss of postsynaptic protein PSD-95 by palmitate in staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 cells. Moreover, CSPN suppressed palmitate-induced reactive oxygen species generation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and caspase 12 pathways. Thus, our findings address the potential therapeutic significance of CSPN for the early stage of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650000, China
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16
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Kumar S, Pamulapati H, Tikoo K. Fatty acid induced metabolic memory involves alterations in renal histone H3K36me2 and H3K27me3. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:233-242. [PMID: 26747726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggest that diabetic complications persist even after the maintenance of normal glucose levels. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the molecular mechanism behind the presence of insulin resistance (IR) condition even after normalization of circulating lipids levels both in vivo and in vitro. Persistent inhibition of insulin signalling in absence of elevated circulating lipids level confirms the presence of metabolic memory in our model of IR. IR in human urine derived podocyte-like epithelial cells (HUPECs) was developed by incubating cells with palmitate (750 μM) for 24 h and in SD rats by feeding high fat diet for 16 weeks. Inhibition of insulin induced FOXO1 (regulator of gluconeogenic genes) degradation persisted even after 48 h of palmitate removal from the culture media. Metabolic memory by palmitate was found to be associated with increased FOXO1 activity as evident from increased expression of FOXO1 target genes such as PDK4, p21, G6Pc and IGFBP1. To understand the reason for prolonged activation of FOXO1 and its target genes, chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) was performed with histone H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 antibodies. ChIP assay shows persistent increase in abundance of histone H3K36me2 on promoter region of FOXO1. We also show decreased abundance of histone H3K27me3 on promoter region of FOXO1, in the kidneys of HFD fed rats, which persisted even after 8 weeks of diet reversal. Taken together, we provide first evidence that circulating lipids generate metabolic memory possibly by altering the abundance of histone H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 on FOXO1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Himani Pamulapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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17
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Jung JG, Yi SA, Choi SE, Kang Y, Kim TH, Jeon JY, Bae MA, Ahn JH, Jeong H, Hwang ES, Lee KW. TM-25659-Induced Activation of FGF21 Level Decreases Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle via GCN2 Pathways. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1037-43. [PMID: 26537193 PMCID: PMC4696994 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The TAZ activator 2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(pyridine-3-yl)-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine] (TM-25659) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. TM-25659 was previously shown to decrease weight gain in a high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects of TM-25659 remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TM-25659 on skeletal muscle functions in C2 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of TM-25659 to palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in C2 myotubes. TM-25659 improved PA-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in C2 myotubes. In addition, TM-25659 increased FGF21 mRNA expression, protein levels, and FGF21 secretion in C2 myotubes via activation of GCN2 pathways (GCN2-phosphoeIF2α-ATF4 and FGF21). This beneficial effect of TM-25659 was diminished by FGF21 siRNA. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet for 30 weeks. The HF-diet group was randomly divided into two groups for the next 14 days: the HF-diet and HF-diet + TM-25659 groups. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice showed improvements in their fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, and inflammation, but neither body weight nor food intake was affected. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice also exhibited increased expression of both FGF21 mRNA and protein. These data indicate that TM-25659 may be beneficial for treating insulin resistance by inducing FGF21 in models of PA-induced insulin resistance and HF diet-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Gab Jung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
| | - Sang-A Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 138-160,
Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-600,
Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-600,
Korea
| | - Hana Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749,
Korea
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Jung TW, Hwang HJ, Hong HC, Yoo HJ, Baik SH, Choi KM. BAIBA attenuates insulin resistance and inflammation induced by palmitate or a high fat diet via an AMPK-PPARδ-dependent pathway in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2096-105. [PMID: 26105792 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We explored the effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) on hyperlipidaemic-condition-induced insulin resistance and inflammation as mediated through a signalling pathway involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). METHODS Mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 cells and C57BL/6J mice were treated with palmitate or a high-fat diet (HFD) and BAIBA. Inflammation and the expression of genes associated with insulin signalling were determined by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Selected genes from candidate pathways were evaluated by small interfering (si)RNA knockdown and specific inhibitors. RESULTS BAIBA treatment ameliorated impairment of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/Akt-mediated insulin signalling in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes and in skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice. In addition, BAIBA treatment reversed HFD-induced increases in body weight and improved impaired glucose tolerance in mice. In vitro and in vivo, inhibitory κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) nuclear translocation and downstream inflammatory cytokines were significantly suppressed by BAIBA. Furthermore, BAIBA treatment significantly induced AMPK phosphorylation and expression of PPARδ in C2C12 myocytes and in skeletal muscle of mice. Both compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and Pparδ (also known as Ppard) siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effects of BAIBA on palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. BAIBA significantly induced the expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1), acyl-CoA oxidase (Aco; also known as Acox1) and fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3); this effect of BAIBA was significantly reduced by compound C and Pparδ siRNA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results are the first to demonstrate that BAIBA attenuates insulin resistance, suppresses inflammation and induces fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK-PPARδ pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 152-050, Republic of Korea
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Gibbs L, Kakis A, Weinstein P, Conte JE. Bone Wax as a Risk Factor for Surgical-Site Infection Following Neurospinal Surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 25:346-8. [PMID: 15108734 DOI: 10.1086/502403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSurgical-site infection occurred in 6 of 42 neurospinal cases in which bone wax was used and in 1 of 72 cases in which it was not used during a 3-month period (P< .01). Increased risk of infection should be considered when using bone wax as a hemostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Gibbs
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, 94117, USA
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20
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Krasny M, Krasny K, Fiedor P. Safety and efficacy of bone wax in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy. Acta Pol Pharm 2014; 71:683-686. [PMID: 25272895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular conditions, apart from neoplastic diseases, remain the major cause of death in developed countries; therefore, the number of patients receiving oral anticoagulants is constantly increasing. Anticoagulant therapy considerably reduced mortality in patients with history of myocardial infarction among others. Although many interventions may be performed without withdrawal of the anticoagulant and tooth extraction was qualified as a procedure of low hemorrhage risk, a majority of dentists refer the patient to a cardiologist several days before the elective tooth extraction to withdraw anticoagulants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bone wax used to stop bleeding after dental procedures in a group of patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy and find an answer to a question, whether it is justified to temporarily withdraw anticoagulants for this type of procedures. The study involved 176 patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy undergoing tooth extraction (154 subjects) or surgical extraction of a retained tooth (48 subjects). After the procedure, in each case the alveolus was filled with bone wax to stop bleeding. In all patients involved in the study bleeding from the alveolus was successfully stopped during the procedure. None of the subjects reported increased bleeding from the operational site after coming back home. Bone wax is a good, efficient, and safe material to block bleeding from the alveolus following tooth extractions, also in patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy. The study demonstrated that withdrawal or adjustment of anticoagulant therapy is not necessary before an elective tooth extraction.
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Hayashi H, Yamada R, Das SS, Sato T, Takahashi A, Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N. Glucagon-like peptide-1 production in the GLUTag cell line is impaired by free fatty acids via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Metabolism 2014; 63:800-11. [PMID: 24680601 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted from intestinal L cells, enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and protects pancreas beta cells. However, few studies have examined hypernutrition stress in L cells and its effects on their function. Here, we demonstrated that a high-fat diet reduced glucose-stimulated secretion of GLP-1 and induced expression of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in the intestine of a diet-induced obesity mouse model. METHODS To clarify whether ER stress in L cells caused the attenuation of GLP-1 secretion, we treated the mouse intestinal L cell line, GLUTag cells with palmitate or oleate. RESULTS Palmitate, but not oleate caused ER stress and decreased the protein levels of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), an essential enzyme in GLP-1 production. The same phenomena were observed in GLUTag cells treated with in ER stress inducer, thapsigargin. Moreover, oleate improved palmitate-induced ER stress, reduced protein and activity levels of PC1/3, and attenuated GLP-1 secretion from GLUTag cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that the intake of abundant saturated fatty acids induces ER stress in the intestine and decreases GLP-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ren Yamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Siddhartha Shankar Das
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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McEvoy JP, Byerly M, Hamer RM, Dominik R, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Ray N, Lamberti JS, Buckley PF, Wilkins TM, Stroup TS. Effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate vs haloperidol decanoate for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 311:1978-87. [PMID: 24846035 PMCID: PMC4101890 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Long-acting injectable antipsychotics are used to reduce medication nonadherence and relapse in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The relative effectiveness of long-acting injectable versions of second-generation and older antipsychotics has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of the second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotic paliperidone palmitate with the older long-acting injectable antipsychotic haloperidol decanoate. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multisite, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted from March 2011 to July 2013 at 22 US clinical research sites. Randomized patients (n = 311) were adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were clinically assessed to be at risk of relapse and likely to benefit from a long-acting injectable antipsychotic. INTERVENTIONS Intramuscular injections of haloperidol decanoate 25 to 200 mg or paliperidone palmitate 39 to 234 mg every month for as long as 24 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Efficacy failure, defined as a psychiatric hospitalization, a need for crisis stabilization, a substantial increase in frequency of outpatient visits, a clinician's decision that oral antipsychotic could not be discontinued within 8 weeks after starting the long-acting injectable antipsychotics, or a clinician's decision to discontinue the assigned long-acting injectable due to inadequate therapeutic benefit. Key secondary outcomes were common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of efficacy failure for paliperidone palmitate compared with haloperidol decanoate (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.65-1.47). The number of participants who experienced efficacy failure was 49 (33.8%) in the paliperidone palmitate group and 47 (32.4%) in the haloperidol decanoate group. On average, participants in the paliperidone palmitate group gained weight and those in the haloperidol decanoate group lost weight; after 6 months, the least-squares mean weight change for those taking paliperidone palmitate was increased by 2.17 kg (95% CI, 1.25-3.09) and was decreased for those taking haloperidol decanoate (-0.96 kg; 95% CI, -1.88 to -0.04). Patients taking paliperidone palmitate had significantly higher maximum mean levels of serum prolactin (men, 34.56 µg/L [95% CI, 29.75-39.37] vs 15.41 µg/L [95% CI, 10.73-20.08]; P <.001, and for women, 75.19 [95% CI, 63.03-87.36] vs 26.84 [95% CI, 13.29-40.40]; P<.001). Patients taking haloperidol decanoate had significantly larger increases in global ratings of akathisia (0.73 [95% CI, 0.59-0.87] vs 0.45 [95% CI, 0.31-0.59]; P=.006). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, use of paliperidone palmitate vs haloperidol decanoate did not result in a statistically significant difference in efficacy failure, but was associated with more weight gain and greater increases in serum prolactin, whereas haloperidol decanoate was associated with more akathisia. However, the CIs do not rule out the possibility of a clinically meaningful advantage with paliperidone palmitate. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01136772.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Scott Stroup
- Corresponding author: T. Scott Stroup, MD, MPH, Professor of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Room 2703, Box 100, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, , phone: 646-774-8435, fax: 212-543-5085
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23
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Karra N, Nassar T, Laenger F, Benita S, Borlak J. Safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of inhaled drug loaded nano- and immunonanoparticles in a c-Raf transgenic lung cancer model. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 13:11-29. [PMID: 23030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles is a novel approach for lung cancer treatment and the conjugation of nanoparticles to a targeting ligand further promotes specificity of the carrier cargo to cancer cells. Notably, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, CD326) is over expressed in lung cancer. Here, we report the safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles and EpCAM immunonanoparticles in a c-Raf transgenic lung cancer model. PEG-PLA nanoparticles and immunonanoparticles were prepared whereby paclitaxel palmitate (Pcpl) was incorporated as a medication for its common use in lung cancer treatment. Four doses of aerosolized nanoparticle formulations or vehicle were endotracheally administered to mice by consecutive or alternate regimes. Pulmonary delivery of drug loaded nano- and/or immunonanoparticle formulations elicited mild inflammation as evidenced by the slightly increased neutrophil and activated macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage. No evidence for pulmonary toxicity following treatment with either blank or drug-loaded nano- and/or immunonanoparticles was observed. Proof-of-concept efficacy was determined by serial CT scanning and histopathology. Animals treated with either EpCAM antibody or Pcpl solution or drug loaded nano- or immunonanoparticles inhibited disease progression. Conversely, disease progression was noted with vehicle treated animals with nearly 30% loss of their aerated lung volume. Importantly, treatment of mice with either Pcpl or EpCAM antibody solution caused 80% mortality and/or haemorrhage, respectively, thus causing unacceptable toxicity. In contrast, the survival of animals treated with either nano- or immunonanoparticles was 60 and 70%, respectively. Taken collectively, pulmonary delivered drug-loaded nano- and EpCAM immunonanoparticles were well tolerated and can be considered a promising strategy for improving lung cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Inhalation
- Animals
- Antibodies, Immobilized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Immobilized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Immobilized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Delivery Systems/adverse effects
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
- Female
- Humans
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/adverse effects
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/adverse effects
- Paclitaxel/analogs & derivatives
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Palmitates/administration & dosage
- Palmitates/adverse effects
- Palmitates/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Surface Properties
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Karra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Solomon LB, Guevara C, Büchler L, Howie DW, Byard RW, Beck M. Does bone wax induce a chronic inflammatory articular reaction? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:3207-12. [PMID: 22760602 PMCID: PMC3462874 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone wax is used to control femoral neck bleeding during open femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery. Despite its widespread use, only a few case reports and small case series describe side effects after extraarticular use. It is unclear whether intraarticular use of bone wax leads to such complications. However, during revision FAI surgery, we have observed various degrees of articular inflammatory reactions. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We therefore investigated whether the bone wax used intraarticularly to control femoral neck bleeding during FAI surgery could be associated with the inflammatory reactions observed at revision surgery. METHODS We visually inspected the area and analyzed biopsy specimens from all 14 patients undergoing revision surgery from March 2005 to March 2006, 11 of whom had bone wax used at the time of original surgery. The three patients who did not have bone wax were used as controls. RESULTS Bone wax was identified macroscopically on the femoral neck at the time of the revision surgery in all 11 patients. In all 11 patients, biopsy results indicated a foreign body-type chronic synovial inflammation. Five patients also had an associated synovial lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. No inflammatory reaction was observed in the biopsy specimens obtained from the three patients in whom bone wax was not originally used. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a synovial foreign body reaction, with or without an associated lymphoplasmacytic chronic inflammatory reaction, may be associated with intraarticular use of bone wax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian B Solomon
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paliperidone palmitate, a long-acting, intramuscular formulation of paliperidone, is now available for clinical use. Paliperidone is an active metabolite of risperidone and it is also available in an oral formulation for daily use. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of paliperidone palmitate with any other treatment for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like illnesses. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register (November 2009) and inspected references of identified studies for further trials. We contacted the manufacturers of paliperidone palmitate, the Food and Drug Administration, and authors of relevant trials for additional material. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently selected and critically appraised studies, extracted data and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Where possible and appropriate, we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the number needed to benefit/harm statistic (NNB/H). We calculated mean differences (MD) for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS Five studies with 2215 participants compared paliperidone palmitate with placebo. Fewer people left studies early if they were randomised to paliperidone palmitate (n = 2183, 5 RCTs, RR 0.76 CI 0.70 to 0.84, NNTB 9 CI 7 to 14) and those receiving any dose of paliperidone palmitate were significantly less likely to show no improvement in global state (n = 1696, 4 RCTs, RR 0.79 CI 0.74 to 0.85, NNTB 7 CI 5 to 9). People randomised to paliperidone palmitate were less likely to experience a recurrence of psychosis (n = 312, 1 RCT, RR 0.28 CI 0.17 to 0.48, NNTB 5 CI 4 to 6) than those allocated to placebo in a single trial specifically designed to study recurrence. In the other studies where recurrence was recorded only as an adverse event, we found that people who received paliperidone palmitate were also less likely to experience a recurrence of psychotic symptoms (n = 1837, 4 RCTs, RR 0.55 CI 0.44 to 0.68, NNTB 10 CI 8 to 14). Paliperidone palmitate was associated with fewer reports of agitation or aggression (n = 2180, 5 RCTs, RR 0.65 CI 0.46 to 0.91, NNTB 39 CI 25 to 150) and of using anxiolytic medications (n = 2170, 5 RCTs, RR 0.89 CI 0.83 to 0.96, NNTB 16 CI 11 to 44). A consistent, significant elevation in serum prolactin (ng/mL) was found for both men and women receiving paliperidone palmitate, but the data were too heterogenous to sum. We found no evidence of sexual dysfunction in these short-term trials. People receiving paliperidone palmitate had a significantly greater increase in weight (n = 2052, 5 RCTs, MD 1.34 CI 0.97 to 1.70) in comparison with people who received placebo.Two studies with 1969 participants compared flexibly-dosed paliperidone palmitate with flexibly-dosed risperidone long-acting injection. The mean doses of paliperidone palmitate in these trials were 73.3 and 104.6 mg every four weeks compared with risperidone long-acting injection at mean doses, respectively, of 35.3 and 31.7 mg every two weeks. We found no differences between paliperidone palmitate and risperidone long-acting injection for leaving these studies early for any reason (n = 1969, 2 RCTs, RR 1.12 CI 1.00 to 1.25). Those receiving paliperidone palmitate were statistically no more likely to have a recurrence of psychotic symptoms than those receiving risperidone long-acting injection (n = 1961, 2 RCTs, RR 1.23 CI 0.98 to 1.53). While we found no significant difference in the occurrences of deaths in the pooled trials (n = 1967, 2 RCTs, RR 3.62 CI 0.60 to 21.89), we note that a total of six deaths occurred in these two trials, with five deaths among people who received paliperidone palmitate and one death among people who received risperidone long-acting injection. Although death is the most serious of adverse events, the small number of these events in these trials makes it unclear if this finding is meaningful. We found that participants randomised to paliperidone palmitate were significantly less likely to use anticholinergic medications in these trials (n = 1587, 2 RCTs, RR 0.67 CI 0.55 to 0.82, NNTB 13 CI 10 to 24). We found no data regarding paliperidone palmitate relating to services use, quality of life, behaviour, patient satisfaction, cognitive functioning or cost. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In short-term studies, paliperidone palmitate is an antipsychotic drug that is more efficacious than placebo. We found its adverse effects to be similar to those of its related compounds, paliperidone and risperidone, with extrapyramidal movement disorders, weight gain, and tachycardia all more common with paliperidone palmitate than placebo. While no difference was found in the incidence of reported adverse sexual outcomes, paliperidone palmitate is associated with substantial increases in serum prolactin. When flexibly dosed with a mean doses of approximately 70 to 110 mg every four weeks, paliperidone palmitate appears comparable in efficacy and tolerability to risperidone long-acting injection flexibly dosed with mean doses of approximately 35 mg every two weeks.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, estimate, and compare 'real world' costs and outcomes associated with paliperidone palmitate compared with branded oral atypical anti-psychotics, and to estimate the threshold rate of oral atypical adherence at which paliperidone palmitate is cost saving. METHODS Decision analytic modeling techniques developed by Glazer and Ereshefsky have previously been used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of depot haloperidol, LAI risperidone, and, more recently, LAI olanzapine. This study used those same techniques, along with updated comparative published clinical data, to evaluate paliperidone palmitate. Adherence rates were based on strict Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) criteria. The evaluation was conducted from the perspective of US healthcare payers. RESULTS Paliperidone palmitate patients had fewer mean annual days of relapse (8.7 days; 6.0 requiring hospitalization, 2.7 not requiring hospitalization vs 17.8 days; 12.4 requiring hospitalization, 5.4 not requiring hospitalization), and lower annual total cost ($20,995) compared to oral atypicals (mean $22,481). Because paliperidone palmitate was both more effective and less costly, it is considered economically dominant. Paliperidone palmitate saved costs when the rate of adherence of oral atypical anti-psychotics was below 44.9% using strict MEMS criteria. Sensitivity analyses showed results were robust to changes in parameter values. For patients receiving 156 mg paliperidone palmitate, the annual incremental cost was $1216 per patient (ICER = $191 per day of relapse averted). Inclusion of generic risperidone (market share 18.6%) also resulted in net incremental cost for paliperidone palmitate ($120; ICER = $13). Limitations of this evaluation include use of simplifying assumptions, data from multiple sources, and generalizability of results. CONCLUSIONS Although uptake of LAIs in the US has not been as rapid as elsewhere, many thought leaders emphasize their importance in optimizing outcomes in patients with adherence problems. The findings of this analysis support the cost-effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate in these patients.
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Rieusset J, Chauvin MA, Durand A, Bravard A, Laugerette F, Michalski MC, Vidal H. Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress using chemical chaperones or Grp78 overexpression does not protect muscle cells from palmitate-induced insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:439-45. [PMID: 22177958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is proposed as a novel link between elevated fatty acids levels, obesity and insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissue. However, it is unknown whether ER stress also contributes to lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, the major tissue responsible of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Here, we investigated the possible role of ER stress in palmitate-induced alterations of insulin action, both in vivo, in gastrocnemius of high-palm diet fed mice, and in vitro, in palmitate-treated C(2)C(12) myotubes. We demonstrated that 8 weeks of high-palm diet increased the expression of ER stress markers in muscle of mice, whereas ex-vivo insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation was not altered in this tissue. In addition, exposure of C(2)C(12) myotubes to either tuncamycine or palmitate induced ER stress and altered insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation. However, alleviation of ER stress by either TUDCA or 4-PBA treatments, or by overexpressing Grp78, did not restore palmitate-induced reduction of insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation in C(2)C(12) myotubes. This work highlights that, even ER stress is associated with palmitate-induced alterations of insulin signaling, ER stress is likely not the major culprit of this effect in myotubes, suggesting that the previously proposed link between ER stress and insulin resistance is less important in skeletal muscle than in adipose tissue and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, Rockefeller Medical Faculty and Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud Medical School, Lyon, France.
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Gopal S, Vijapurkar U, Lim P, Morozova M, Eerdekens M, Hough D. A 52-week open-label study of the safety and tolerability of paliperidone palmitate in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:685-97. [PMID: 20615933 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110372817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The safety and tolerability of paliperidone palmitate, an injectable atypical antipsychotic agent, were assessed in a 1-year open-label extension of a double-blind study in patients with schizophrenia. Patients from the double-blind study who experienced a recurrence, remained recurrence free until study end, or who were in the transition, maintenance or double-blind phases and had received at least one injection of paliperidone palmitate when enrollment was stopped, were eligible for the open-label extension. Patients received gluteal injections of paliperidone palmitate once every 4 weeks: starting dose 50 mg eq. followed by 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg eq. flexible dosing. Of the 388 patients enrolled, 288 completed the open-label extension. During the open-label extension, the median (range) duration of exposure to paliperidone palmitate was 338 days (10; 390), and 74% of patients received all 12 open-label injections of paliperidone palmitate. The most frequent (≥ 5% in total group) adverse events were insomnia (7%); worsening of schizophrenia; nasopharyngitis; headache; and weight increase (6% each). Potentially prolactin-related adverse events occurred in 13 (3%) patients, mostly women, and none resulted in study discontinuation. Extrapyramidal treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 25 (6%) patients; tremor was the most frequently reported (n = 8, 2%). At open-label extension endpoint, investigator-rated redness at the injection site was observed in ≤ 4% of patients in each group. Injection-site pain was rated by investigators as absent in 82-87% of patients. Schizophrenia symptoms measured by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and personal and social performance changes improved during the open-label extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gopal
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, New Jersey 08560, USA.
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Jiang M, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lan MS, Fei J, Fan W, Gao X, Lu D. Hypermethylation of hepatic glucokinase and L-type pyruvate kinase promoters in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1284-9. [PMID: 21239437 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-dependent insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus are closely associated with decreased glucose utilization and down-regulation of hepatic glycolytic enzymes expression. Previously, we showed that DNA hypermethylation is involved in age-dependent susceptibility to hepatic insulin resistance and diabetes. However, what we cannot distinguish is whether the age-related obesity contributes to DNA hypermethylation in those natural aging rats. In the present study, we hypothesize that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of glycolytic enzymes in the high-fat diet-induced obesity. Here, we report that DNA hypermethylation is correlated with a decline in hepatic glucokinase (Gck) and L-type pyruvate kinase (LPK) expression in high-fat diet-induced obese rats as compared with the control diet group. Down-regulation of Gck and LPK expression are reversed by the 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in the cell model of steatosis. These novel observations indicate that DNA methylation is involved in the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, suggesting that the hypermethylation level of Gck and LPK promoters may be a useful parameter for the evaluation of obesity-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200433
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Sedý J, Foltán R. The origin of traumatic neuroma development. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 40:125-6. [PMID: 20970962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li Y, Xu X, Liang Y, Liu S, Xiao H, Li F, Cheng H, Fu Z. miR-375 enhances palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis in insulin-secreting NIT-1 cells by repressing myotrophin (V1) protein expression. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2010; 3:254-264. [PMID: 20224724 PMCID: PMC2836503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipoapoptosis of pancreatic beta cells caused by elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) has now been recognized to be a pivotal factor contributing to beta cellular dysfunction and beta-mass lose in type 2 diabetes. Although recent studies suggested an important role for the ceramide pathway in the late destructive phase of lipid overload in the pancreatic beta cells, the overall underlying mechanisms leading to lipoapoptosis, however, remained poorly understood. mir-375 was recently characterized to be a pancreatic islet-specific miRNA implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion and beta-mass turnover. In the present study we further examined its effect on palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis in NIT-1 cells, a NOD-derived beta-cell line. It was found that NIT-1 cells with ectopic mir-375 expression were much more susceptible to palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous pri-mir-375 expression by a modified antisense oligo, 2'-O-me-375, almost completely protected NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis. We further demonstrated that mir-375 could target V1 mRNA and repress its translation. Consistent with this assumption, NIT-1 cells transfected with 2'-O-me-375 showed significant higher levels of V1 protein after palmitate induction. Together, our data suggest that mir-375 could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention and intervention of beta-cell dysfunction and beta-mass lose in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the efficacy, safety and cost of paliperidone palmitate, a depot antipsychotic medication recently approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted by querying the websites http://www.pubmed.gov, http://www.fda.gov, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov for the search term 'paliperidone palmitate'. Cost information was obtained from the pharmaceutical vendor servicing a local state-operated psychiatric facility. STUDY SELECTION All available reports of studies were identified. Product labelling provided additional information. DATA EXTRACTION Descriptions of the principal results and calculation of the number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) for relevant dichotomous outcomes were extracted from the study reports and synopses. Additional safety outcomes subject to NNH analysis were obtained from product labelling. DATA SYNTHESIS Paliperidone palmitate is a newly available depot formulation of paliperidone (the 9-OH metabolite of risperidone). Upon injection into the deltoid or gluteal muscle, the release of the drug starts as early as day 1, reaches maximum plasma concentrations at 13 days and lasts for as long as 126 days. Maximum concentration following deltoid injection is approximately 28% higher compared with injection into the gluteal muscle, and thus paliperidone palmitate requires initiation by two initial deltoid injections spread 1 week apart to achieve therapeutic concentrations rapidly. Subsequent injections are at 4-week intervals. Acute efficacy was evidenced by four short-term double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studies of acutely relapsed adult inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. NNT for a 30% or greater decrease in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score compared with placebo was consistently lower for the higher dose strengths of 156 and 234 mg, suggesting a therapeutic dose-response. Treatment with paliperidone palmitate at doses between 39 and 156 mg significantly delayed the time to recurrence of symptoms of schizophrenia after 24 weeks of maintained symptom stability. The NNT vs. placebo to avoid a recurrence of symptoms was 5 (95% CI 4-7). Overall, paliperidone palmitate was reasonably well tolerated, with low rates of extrapyramidal symptoms or body weight gain; however, these may be more common at higher doses. Injection site reactions occurred at a rate ranging from 4% to 10%, depending on the dose regimen, compared with 2% for the pooled placebo arms. The acquisition cost of a maintenance dose of paliperidone palmitate calculated on a per day basis is similar to that for risperidone microspheres, but about double the cost for oral paliperidone and approximately 19 times the cost of oral generic risperidone. CONCLUSIONS Paliperidone palmitate is efficacious for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and is reasonably well tolerated. It offers several advantages over other available second-generation depot antipsychotics: it comes in prefilled syringes in a number of different dosage strengths; it does not require refrigeration; it does not require supplementation with oral antipsychotics; it can be administered once monthly; it can be administered with a very small bore needle; the injection volume is small; the injection site can be either the deltoid or gluteal muscles; it does not require an additional precautionary observation period after the injection. For patients for whom oral risperidone or paliperidone is otherwise effective, paliperidone palmitate offers a guaranteed delivery system that enhances adherence. However, the high acquisition cost of paliperidone palmitate will likely be an important obstacle to its routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Citrome
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Bone wax is commonly used in neurosurgical practice as a haemostatic and sealing agent. It is a safe agent, but may lead to adverse effects such as infection, epistaxsis, allergic reaction or foreign body granuloma. There are very few reported cases of the neurological complications of remnant bone wax in the subdural or subarachnoid space. The authors report the case of a foreign body granuloma infiltration through the medulla oblongata due to remnant bone wax in the subarachnoid space after posterior fossa decompressive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ateş
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology, Inönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
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Abstract
AIMS Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, are antidiabetic agents that improve hyperglycemia by decreasing insulin resistance in obese diabetic animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes. We have studied whether pioglitazone, a TZD, can exert a direct effect against pancreatic beta-cell lipoapoptosis. METHODS MIN6 cells were cultured in medium containing either 5.6 (low glucose) or 25 mM glucose (high glucose) in the presence or absence of 0.5 mM palmitate for 48 h. We examined the effect of 10 microM pioglitazone on MIN6 cells on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, cellular ATP, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) mRNA expression, intracellular triglyceride content, reactive oxygen species production, the number of apoptotic cells and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. RESULTS Pioglitazone recovered partly impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cellular ATP in MIN6 cell exposed to high glucose with 0.5 mM palmitate. Pioglitazone suppressed intracellular triglyceride accumulation in cells exposed to high glucose with 0.5 mM palmitate. Palmitate-induced upregulation of UCP-2 mRNA levels was suppressed by pioglitazone in a dose-dependent manner. Pioglitazone decreased palmitate-induced reactive oxygen species production in MIN6 cells by 24% and in mouse islet cells by 53%. Pioglitazone also decreased palmitate-induced NF-kappaB activity by 40% and protected beta-cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis by 22% in MIN6 cell. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone attenuated fatty acid-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells. TZDs might be used as a mean for maintaining beta-cell survival and preserving capacity of insulin secretion in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saitoh
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
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Lavigne M, Boddu Siva Rama KR, Doyon J, Vendittoli PA. Bone-wax granuloma after femoral neck osteoplasty. Can J Surg 2008; 51:E58-E60. [PMID: 18682762 PMCID: PMC2496602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lavigne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Que.
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Abstract
This report describes a 45-year-old patient who was admitted to the hospital with complaints of low-back pain, lower extremity weakness, and difficulty in walking for the previous 6 mo. The patient's history revealed 2 lumbar-disc surgeries that were performed 1 y earlier. The patient underwent surgery at our hospital because of clinical symptoms and radiologic findings on magnetic resonance imaging. During the operation, 1 x 1 x 1 cm of bone wax that was compressing the dural sac and spinal root was extirpated from the surgical area. Bone wax use should be limited in spinal surgery because of the potential for compression and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Eser
- Neurosurgery Department, Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Brignol L, Guyot L, Richard O, Chossegros C. « Abcès atypique » jugal après extraction de dents de sagesse: complication de l'utilisation de cire hémostatique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 108:150-2. [PMID: 17350058 DOI: 10.1016/j.stomax.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding is a common complication after third molar extraction. Hemostatic agents can be helpful in controlling intraoperative bleeding. Infection is another common complication. Horseley's wax is frequently used for bone surgery and less often for dental surgery. We report an unusual case of abscess formation in the jaw after third molar extraction. Surgical exploration of the abscess disclosed the presence of surgical wax in the center of a foreign body granuloma. We discuss the use of surgical wax and other local hemostatic agents and the subsequent risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brignol
- Service de stomatologie, chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelys, 13015 Marseille, France.
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate the haemostatic efficacy and the histologic tissue responses after the application of different haemostatic agents used in periradicular surgery. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted in the calvarium of six rabbits. Standardized bone defects (diameter 4 mm) were trephined, and different haemostatic agents were applied and compared with control defects: bone wax (left for 10 min), Stasis (ferric sulphate, left for 5 s), Expasyl (aluminium chloride, left for 2 min and left permanently in situ), and a combination of Expasyl (2 min) and Stasis (5 s). The sites were photographed before the application and after the removal of the haemostatic agents. Three independent examiners judged the initial and final bleeding (on the photographs) using a bleeding score for each site and treatment. The results were compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. For the histologic analysis, three animals were killed after 3 weeks and three animals after 12 weeks. Transverse, nondecalcified sections were stained with combined basic fuchsin and toluidine blue for descriptive histology. RESULTS The most efficient haemorrhage control was provided by Expasyl in combination with Stasis and by Expasyl alone, whereas bone wax had the weakest bleeding reduction effect. The histologic analysis after 3 weeks demonstrated an inflammatory and foreign body tissue response towards all haemostatic agents. At 12 weeks, this tissue response was less pronounced but still present in sites treated with bone wax or Expasyl. In general, the inflammatory tissue reactions were limited to the bone defects, and never extended into the surrounding tissues. CONCLUSIONS Expasyl alone or in combination with Stasis appeared to be the most efficient of tested agents to control the bleeding within the bony defects created in a rabbit calvarium model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T von Arx
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Schonauer C, Tessitore E, Barbagallo G, Albanese V, Moraci A. The use of local agents: bone wax, gelatin, collagen, oxidized cellulose. Eur Spine J 2004; 13 Suppl 1:S89-96. [PMID: 15221572 PMCID: PMC3592193 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-004-0727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of local agents to achieve hemostasis is an old and complex subject in surgery. Their use is almost mandatory in spinal surgery. The development of new materials in chemical hemostasis is a continuous process that may potentially lead the surgeon to confusion. Moreover, the more commonly used materials have not changed in about 50 years. Using chemical agents to tamponade a hemorrhage is not free of risks. Complications are around the corner and can be due either to mechanical compression or to phlogistic effects secondary to the material used. This paper reviews about 20 animal and clinical published studies with regard to the chemical properties, mechanisms of action, use and complications of local agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Schonauer
- Department of Neurosciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Bone wax was used to stop bleeding of the diploic vessels after harvesting cranial bone for reconstruction of an orbital floor defect. After five months a fistula in the overlying skin of the donor site appeared and was eventually surgically explored. Remnants of bone wax and surrounding inflammatory tissue were removed and the fistula was excised. Histological examination revealed a foreign body granuloma. The use of bone wax and possible alternative local haemostatic agents and their complications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The sue of bone wax is commonly used to control bleeding during mastoid surgery. An unusual case of bone wax granuloma in the mastoid, with sigmoid sinus thrombosis, is reported. Although the use of bone wax in and around the mastoid is generally considered safe with few complications, caution should be exercised, particularly in infected fields and in patients known to have general immunohypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Low
- Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injection of endoscopic material for reflux and incontinence therapies became popular in urology because of its simplicity and repeatability. Research is going on to develop an ideal injectable material. In this experimental study we investigated whether the bone wax used for osteotomy hemostasis in orthopedic and neurosurgical operations could be used as an injectable material. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 rabbits were included in the study: 6 underwent a sham operation, and in the remaining 14 rabbits, 0.5 ml bone wax liquefied with n-butyl acetic acid was injected submucosally via a 20-gauge needle at three different points on the anterior bladder wall. Cystectomy was performed on the 15th day in 2 rabbits (group I), on the 60th day in 2 (group II) and on the 150th day in 10 (group III). 0.20 ml bone wax was also injected subcutaneously and intramuscularly 7 days before cystectomy in group III. Bladders were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. All animals' lungs, livers, kidneys, spleens and brains were also removed and examined histologically. RESULTS Submucosal swellings of bone wax maintained their localizations and shapes in all groups and all of the 42 bone-wax injection sites could be easily identified. Histologically, slight edema around the implant was seen in group I. In group II, collagen was increased around the implants and minimal hyperplasia of the epithelium overlaying bone wax was noted. 150 days after the injections, moderate collagen production and a mild increase in vascularity were seen around the implants. There was no macroscopic or microscopic evidence that implants migrated to locations other than the injection sites. CONCLUSIONS When injected to the bladder submucosa, bone wax seems to be inert and biocompatible, encouraging further research to develop it as an alternative agent in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux and sphincteric incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aksu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Patel
- Section of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
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Abstract
The goal of this article is to establish the incidence and scope of adverse reactions to bone wax in a large orbital surgical series. We report two patients with bone wax granulomas of the orbit as a remote surgical complication. These are the first reported cases of adverse reactions to bone wax in the ophthalmic literature. A chart review was conducted on all patients from the University of British Columbia Orbit Clinic that had surgery with temporary or permanent removal of orbital bone. Two patients with bone wax granulomas were identified. In one case, intraoperative cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus, confirming that the wax may indeed act as a nidus for infection. No cases of pseudoarthrosis have occurred. This syndrome of chronic granulomatous giant cell foreign body inflammation has characteristic clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features. The literature regarding adverse reactions to bone wax is reviewed, and specific implications for orbital surgery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
A case of recurrent epistaxis caused by bone wax in the nasal cavity is reported. This is the first reported case of a nasal complication due to surgical bone wax.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Allison RT. Foreign body reactions and an associated histological artefact due to bone wax. Br J Biomed Sci 1994; 51:14-7. [PMID: 7841830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone wax has been used since the turn of the century as a mechanical aid to haemostasis following surgical procedures. That it may produce a foreign body giant cell reaction in a significant proportion of cases is well known. The occurrence of this material in specimens received in the laboratory is poorly documented. Four cases are described to bring attention to this exogenous agent which, it is suggested, should feature in tables of pigments and other materials occurring in tissue specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Allison
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Sudmann B, Anfinsen OG, Bang G, Koppang R, Stølen SO, Koppang HS, Sudmann E. Assessment in rats of a new bioerodible bone-wax-like polymer. Acta Orthop Scand 1993; 64:336-9. [PMID: 8322594 DOI: 10.3109/17453679308993639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Holes drilled in rats' skull, iliac crest, and tibia were filled with beeswax or with a new, wax-like, bioerodible polyorthoester (Alzamer). Empty drill-holes served as controls. In addition, beeswax and polyorthoester were deposited between the left and the right oblique abdominal muscles, respectively. In muscle, both the beeswax and polyorthoester elicited a transient foreign body reaction. The beeswax was not resorbed in bone or muscle, whereas the polyorthoester was. Bone healing was inhibited in the iliac crest and the tibiae filled with beeswax, whereas holes filled with polyorthoester healed readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sudmann
- Surgical Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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Bordalo O, Brandão FM. Contact allergy to palmitoyl collagenic acid in an anti-keloid cream. Contact Dermatitis 1991; 24:316-7. [PMID: 1831115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Bordalo
- Centro de Dermatologia Médico-Cirúrgica, Lisboa, Portugal
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Nelson DR, Buxton TB, Luu QN, Rissing JP. The promotional effect of bone wax on experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 99:977-80. [PMID: 2359338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of using surgical bone wax are not well studied. We evaluated the infection-promoting potential of sterile bone wax in a rat model of chronic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. The addition of bone wax greatly reduced the quantitative bacterial inoculum (log colony-forming units) required to establish chronic osteomyelitis in 50% and 100% of challenged animals. The 50% infection rate was reduced from log 6.9 to 2.6 and the 100% infection rate from 8.2 to 4.4, respectively (p less than 0.015, t test for parallelism). Separate experiments were done 10 to 30 minutes after inoculation with only log 6.4 staphylococci. Tibiae of animals that received bone wax yielded more organisms than those that did not (log 2.76 +/- 0.68 versus 1.72 +/- 0.94, p less than 0.01). At 24 hours quantitative colony counts were not significantly different whether animals received wax or not (log 5.02 +/- 0.42 versus 4.43 +/- 0.65, p greater than 0.09). These studies suggest that the routine surgical use of bone wax should be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Nelson
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30910
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