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Matsui Y, Imai A, Izumi H, Yasumura M, Makino T, Shimizu T, Sato M, Mori H, Yoshida T. Cancer-associated point mutations within the extracellular domain of PTPRD affect protein stability and HSPG interaction. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23609. [PMID: 38593345 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302279rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PTPRD, a well-established tumor suppressor gene, encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase-type D. This protein consists of three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains, four to eight fibronectin type 3 (FN) domains, a single transmembrane segment, and two cytoplasmic tandem tyrosine phosphatase domains. PTPRD is known to harbor various cancer-associated point mutations. While it is assumed that PTPRD regulates cellular functions as a tumor suppressor through the tyrosine phosphatase activity in the intracellular region, the function of its extracellular domain (ECD) in cancer is not well understood. In this study, we systematically examined the impact of 92 cancer-associated point mutations within the ECD. We found that 69.6% (64 out of 92) of these mutations suppressed total protein expression and/or plasma membrane localization. Notably, almost all mutations (20 out of 21) within the region between the last FN domain and transmembrane segment affected protein expression and/or localization, highlighting the importance of this region for protein stability. We further found that some mutations within the Ig domains adjacent to the glycosaminoglycan-binding pocket enhanced PTPRD's binding ability to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). This interaction is proposed to suppress phosphatase activity. Our findings therefore suggest that HSPG-mediated attenuation of phosphatase activity may be involved in tumorigenic processes through PTPRD dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsui
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ayako Imai
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hironori Izumi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Misato Yasumura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development (UGSCD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Makino
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development (UGSCD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Nakajima C, Sawada M, Umeda E, Takagi Y, Nakashima N, Kuboyama K, Kaneko N, Yamamoto S, Nakamura H, Shimada N, Nakamura K, Matsuno K, Uesugi S, Vepřek NA, Küllmer F, Nasufović V, Uchiyama H, Nakada M, Otsuka Y, Ito Y, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Ohno N, Arndt HD, Trauner D, Tabata Y, Igarashi M, Sawamoto K. Identification of the growth cone as a probe and driver of neuronal migration in the injured brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1877. [PMID: 38461182 PMCID: PMC10924819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth cones mediate axonal guidance and growth regulation. We show that migrating neurons in mice possess a growth cone at the tip of their leading process, similar to that of axons, in terms of the cytoskeletal dynamics and functional responsivity through protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type sigma (PTPσ). Migrating-neuron growth cones respond to chondroitin sulfate (CS) through PTPσ and collapse, which leads to inhibition of neuronal migration. In the presence of CS, the growth cones can revert to their extended morphology when their leading filopodia interact with heparan sulfate (HS), thus re-enabling neuronal migration. Implantation of an HS-containing biomaterial in the CS-rich injured cortex promotes the extension of the growth cone and improve the migration and regeneration of neurons, thereby enabling functional recovery. Thus, the growth cone of migrating neurons is responsive to extracellular environments and acts as a primary regulator of neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Erika Umeda
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Takagi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Norihiko Nakashima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuboyama
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuronal Regeneration, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Satoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Haruno Nakamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimada
- Research and Development Center, The Japan Wool Textile Co., Ltd., Kobe, 675-0053, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nakamura
- Medical Device Department, Nikke Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0048, Japan
| | - Kumiko Matsuno
- Research and Development Center, The Japan Wool Textile Co., Ltd., Kobe, 675-0053, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shoji Uesugi
- Medical Device Department, Nikke Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0048, Japan
| | - Nynke A Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Florian Küllmer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Veselin Nasufović
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | | | | | - Yuji Otsuka
- Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, 520-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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Han KA, Yoon TH, Kim J, Lee J, Lee JY, Jang G, Um JW, Kim JK, Ko J. Specification of neural circuit architecture shaped by context-dependent patterned LAR-RPTP microexons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1624. [PMID: 38388459 PMCID: PMC10883964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
LAR-RPTPs are evolutionarily conserved presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that orchestrate multifarious synaptic adhesion pathways. Extensive alternative splicing of LAR-RPTP mRNAs may produce innumerable LAR-RPTP isoforms that act as regulatory "codes" for determining the identity and strength of specific synapse signaling. However, no direct evidence for this hypothesis exists. Here, using targeted RNA sequencing, we detected LAR-RPTP mRNAs in diverse cell types across adult male mouse brain areas. We found pronounced cell-type-specific patterns of two microexons, meA and meB, in Ptprd mRNAs. Moreover, diverse neural circuits targeting the same neuronal populations were dictated by the expression of different Ptprd variants with distinct inclusion patterns of microexons. Furthermore, conditional ablation of Ptprd meA+ variants at presynaptic loci of distinct hippocampal circuits impaired distinct modes of synaptic transmission and objection-location memory. Activity-triggered alterations of the presynaptic Ptprd meA code in subicular neurons mediates NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic responses in CA1 neurons and objection-location memory. Our data provide the evidence of cell-type- and/or circuit-specific expression patterns in vivo and physiological functions of LAR-RPTP microexons that are dynamically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Han
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Taek-Han Yoon
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Jusung Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
| | - Gyubin Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea.
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea.
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Chen C, Liu H, Li Y, Xu Q, Liu J. Downregulation of PTPRT elevates the expression of survivin and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:63. [PMID: 38216925 PMCID: PMC10785488 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T (PTPRT) is a transmembrane protein that is involved in cell adhesion. We previously found that PTPRT was downregulated in multiple cancer types and the mutation of PTPRT was associated with cancer early metastasis. However, the impacts of PTPRT downregulation on tumour proliferation, invasion, and clinical interventions such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies remained largely unknown. METHODS Gene expression data of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were downloaded and used to detect the differential expressed genes between PTPRT-high and PTPRT-low subgroups. Knockdown and overexpress of PTPRT in lung cancer cell lines were performed to explore the function of PTPRT in vitro. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the expression of cell cycle-related genes. CCK-8 assays, wound-healing migration assay, transwell assay, and colony formation assay were performed to determine the functional impacts of PTPRT on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. KM-plotter was used to explore the significance of selected genes on patient prognosis. RESULTS PTPRT was found to be downregulated in tumours and lung cancer cell lines compared to normal samples. Cell cycle-related genes (BIRC5, OIP5, and CDCA3, etc.) were specifically upregulated in PTPRT-low lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Modulation of PTPRT expression in LUAD cell lines affected the expression of BIRC5 (survivin) significantly, as well as the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumour cells. In addition, low PTPRT expression level was correlated with worse prognosis of lung cancer and several other cancer types. Furthermore, PTPRT downregulation was associated with elevated tumour mutation burden and tumour neoantigen burden in lung cancer, indicating the potential influence on tumour immunogenicity. CONCLUSION Our findings uncovered the essential roles of PTPRT in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD, and highlighted the clinical significance of PTPRT downregulation in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Haozhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Qumiao Xu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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Wang R, Li T, Diao S, Chen C. Inhibition of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes functional recovery on a rodent model of preterm hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114564. [PMID: 37806512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in preterm infants and is associated with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) was discovered as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) receptor that played roles in inhibiting myelin regeneration in spinal injury, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and stroke models. However, the role of PTPσ in perinatal WMI is not well understood. AIMS This study examines the effect of PTPσ inhibition on neurodevelopmental outcomes, myelination, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of preterm WMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modified Rice-Vannucci model was performed on postnatal day 3 (P3) C57BL/6 mice. Intracellular Sigma Peptide (ISP) or vehicle was administrated subcutaneously one hour after injury for an additional 14 consecutive days. A battery of behavioral tests was performed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of ISP on neurobehavioral deficit. Real time qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess white matter development. qPCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype. RESULTS The expression of PTPσ was increased after preterm WMI. ISP improved short-term neurological outcomes and ameliorated long-term motor and cognitive function of mice after preterm WMI. ISP promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation, maturation, myelination, and improved microstructure of myelin after preterm WMI. Furthermore, ISP administration fostered a beneficial inflammatory response in the acute phase after preterm WMI, inhibited the infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages. CONCLUSION PTPσ inhibition can ameliorate neurofunctional deficit, promote white matter development, modulate neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype after preterm WMI. Thus, ISP administration may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of perinatal WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Sihao Diao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China.
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Molyneaux K, Laggner C, Brady‐Kalnay SM. A novel binding pocket in the D2 domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (PTPmu) guides AI screen to identify small molecules that modulate tumour cell adhesion, growth and migration. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3553-3564. [PMID: 37860940 PMCID: PMC10660673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of people will get cancer in their lifetime in the US, and 20% are predicted to die from the condition when it is invasive and metastatic. Targeted screening for drugs that interact with proteins that drive cancer cell growth and migration can lead to new therapies. We screened molecular libraries with the AtomNet® AI-based drug design tool to identify compounds predicted to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase mu. Protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (PTPmu) is proteolytically downregulated in cancers such as glioblastoma generating fragments that stimulate cell survival and migration. Aberrant nuclear localization of PTPmu intracellular fragments drives cancer progression, so we targeted a predicted drug-binding site between the two cytoplasmic phosphatase domains we termed a D2 binding pocket. The function of the D2 domain is controversial with various proposed regulatory functions, making the D2 domain an attractive target for the development of allosteric drugs. Seventy-five of the best-scoring and chemically diverse computational hits predicted to interact with the D2 binding pocket were screened for effects on tumour cell motility and growth in 3D culture as well as in a direct assay for PTPmu-dependent adhesion. We identified two high-priority hits that inhibited the migration and glioma cell sphere formation of multiple glioma tumour cell lines as well as aggregation. We also identified one activator of PTPmu-dependent aggregation, which was able to stimulate cell migration. We propose that the PTPmu D2 binding pocket represents a novel regulatory site and that inhibitors targeting this region may have therapeutic potential for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Molyneaux
- Department of Molecular Biology & MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Susann M. Brady‐Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology & MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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Nanayakkara M, Bellomo C, Furone F, Maglio M, Marano A, Lania G, Porpora M, Nicoletti M, Auricchio S, Barone MV. PTPRK, an EGFR Phosphatase, Is Decreased in CeD Biopsies and Intestinal Organoids. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010115. [PMID: 36611909 PMCID: PMC9818839 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered in genetically susceptible (HLA-DQ2/8) individuals by a group of wheat proteins and related prolamins from cereals. The celiac intestine is characterized by an inversion of the differentiation/proliferation program of the enterocytes, with an increase in the proliferative compartment and crypt hyperplasia, which are the mechanisms that regulate the increased proliferation in CeD that arenot completely understood.The aim of this study is to understand the role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type K (PTPRK), a nodal phosphatase that regulates EGFR activation in the proliferation of the enterocytes from CeD biopsies and organoids. METHODS The levels of PTPRK were evaluated by RT PCR, western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence techniques in intestinal biopsies and organoids from CeD patients and controls. Additionally, pEGFR and pERK were evaluated by WB and proliferation by BrdU incorporation. PTPRK si-RNA was silenced in CTR organoids and was overexpressed in CeD organoids. RESULTS PTPRK was reduced in Gluten Containing Diet-Celiac Disease (GCD-CeD) and Potential-Celiac Disease(Pot-CeD) biopsies (p < 0.01-p < 0.05) whereas pEGFR (p < 0.01 p < 0.01), pERK (p < 0.01 p < 0.01) and proliferation were increased. (p < 0.05 p < 0.05) respect to the controls.The CeD organoids reproduced these same alterations. Silencing of PTPRK in CTR organoids increased pEGFR, pERK and proliferation. The overexpression of PTPRK in CeD organoids reduced pEGFR, pERK and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS modulation of PTPRK levels can reduce or increase pEGFR, pERK and proliferation in CeD or CTR organoids, respectively. The CeD organoids can be a good model to study the mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Nanayakkara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Bellomo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Furone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Maglio
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Marano
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Lania
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monia Porpora
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Nicoletti
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817464568; Fax: +39-0817463116
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Jeong JH, Yun JW, Kim HY, Heo CY, Lee S. Investigation of cell signalings and therapeutic targets in PTPRK-RSPO3 fusion-positive colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274555. [PMID: 36129915 PMCID: PMC9491571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly and common diseases in the world, accounting for over 881,000 casualties in 2018. The PTPRK-RSPO3 (P:R) fusion is a structural variation in CRC and well known for its ability to activate WNT signaling and tumorigenesis. However, till now, therapeutic targets and actionable drugs are limited in this subtype of cancer. Materials and method The purpose of this study is to identify key genes and cancer-related pathways specific for P:R fusion-positive CRC. In addition, we also inferred the actionable drugs in bioinformatics analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Results 2,505 genes were altered in RNA expression specific for P:R fusion-positive CRC. By pathway analysis based on the altered genes, ten major cancer-related signaling pathways (Apoptosis, Direct p53, EGFR, ErbB, JAK-STAT, tyrosine kinases, Pathways in Cancer, SCF-KIT, VEGFR, and WNT-related Pathway) were significantly altered in P:R fusion-positive CRC. Among these pathways, the most altered cancer genes (ALK, ACSL3, AXIN, MYC, TP53, GNAQ, ACVR2A, and FAS) specific for P:R fusion and involved in multiple cancer pathways were considered to have a key role in P:R fusion-positive CRC. Based on the drug-target network analysis, crizotinib, alectinib, lorlatinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, erdafitinib, infigratinib and pemigatinib were selected as putative therapeutic candidates, since they were already used in routine clinical practice in other cancer types and target genes of the drugs were involved in multiple cancer-pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Jeong
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yun
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SL); (CYH)
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (SL); (CYH)
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9
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Luo F, Wang J, Zhang Z, You Z, Bedolla A, Okwubido-Williams F, Huang LF, Silver J, Luo Y. Inhibition of CSPG receptor PTPσ promotes migration of newly born neuroblasts, axonal sprouting, and recovery from stroke. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111137. [PMID: 35905716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to neuroprotective strategies, neuroregenerative processes could provide targets for stroke recovery. However, the upregulation of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) impedes innate regenerative efforts. Here, we examine the regulatory role of PTPσ (a major proteoglycan receptor) in dampening post-stroke recovery. Use of a receptor modulatory peptide (ISP) or Ptprs gene deletion leads to increased neurite outgrowth and enhanced NSCs migration upon inhibitory CSPG substrates. Post-stroke ISP treatment results in increased axonal sprouting as well as neuroblast migration deeply into the lesion scar with a transcriptional signature reflective of repair. Lastly, peptide treatment post-stroke (initiated acutely or more chronically at 7 days) results in improved behavioral recovery in both motor and cognitive functions. Therefore, we propose that CSPGs induced by stroke play a predominant role in the regulation of neural repair and that blocking CSPG signaling pathways will lead to enhanced neurorepair and functional recovery in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhen You
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - FearGod Okwubido-Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - L Frank Huang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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10
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Henderson IM, Marez C, Dokladny K, Smoake J, Martinez M, Johnson D, Uhl GR. Substrate-selective positive allosteric modulation of PTPRD’s phosphatase by flavonols. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115109. [PMID: 35636503 PMCID: PMC10184881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) is expressed by neurons and implicated in interesting phenotypes that include reward from addictive substances, restless leg syndrome and neurofibrillary tangle densities in Alzheimer's disease (AD-NFTs). However, the brain phosphotyrosine phosphoprotein (PTPP) substrates for PTPRD's phosphatase have not been clearly defined. Although we have identified small molecule inhibitors of PTPRD's phosphatase that are candidates for reducing reward from addictive substances, no positive allosteric modulators of this phosphatase that might be candidates for reducing AD-NFTs have been reported. We now report identification of candidate brain substrates for PTPRD based on their increased phosphorylation in knockout vs wildtype animals, coexpression with PTPRD in neuronal subtypes and brisk dephosphorylation by recombinant human PTPRD phosphatase. We also report discovery that quercetin and other flavonols, though not closely-related flavones, enhance rates of PTPRD's dephosphorylation of a group of these candidate substrate PTPPs but not others. This substrate-selective positive allosteric modulation provides a novel pharmacological action. Flavonol-mediated increases in PTPRD's dephosphorylation of the GSK3 β and α kinases that hyperphosphorylate tau, the major component of AD-NFTs, could help to explain recent data concerning genetic and dietary impacts on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Henderson
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | - Carlissa Marez
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | - Karol Dokladny
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Jane Smoake
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | - Maria Martinez
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | - David Johnson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - George R Uhl
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Maryland VA Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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11
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Taylor HA, Simmons KJ, Clavane EM, Trevelyan CJ, Brown JM, Przemyłska L, Watt NT, Matthews LC, Meakin PJ. PTPRD and DCC Are Novel BACE1 Substrates Differentially Expressed in Alzheimer's Disease: A Data Mining and Bioinformatics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094568. [PMID: 35562959 PMCID: PMC9103286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-site Amyloid precursor protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is an extensively studied therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD), owing to its role in the production of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. However, despite numerous BACE1 inhibitors entering clinical trials, none have successfully improved AD pathogenesis, despite effectively lowering Aβ concentrations. This can, in part, be attributed to an incomplete understanding of BACE1, including its physiological functions and substrate specificity. We propose that BACE1 has additional important physiological functions, mediated through substrates still to be identified. Thus, to address this, we computationally analysed a list of 533 BACE1 dependent proteins, identified from the literature, for potential BACE1 substrates, and compared them against proteins differentially expressed in AD. We identified 15 novel BACE1 substrates that were specifically altered in AD. To confirm our analysis, we validated Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) and Netrin receptor DCC (DCC) using Western blotting. These findings shed light on the BACE1 inhibitor failings and could enable the design of substrate-specific inhibitors to target alternative BACE1 substrates. Furthermore, it gives us a greater understanding of the roles of BACE1 and its dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Katie J. Simmons
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Eva M. Clavane
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Christopher J. Trevelyan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Jane M. Brown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Lena Przemyłska
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Nicole T. Watt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
| | - Laura C. Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Paul J. Meakin
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (H.A.T.); (K.J.S.); (E.M.C.); (C.J.T.); (J.M.B.); (L.P.); (N.T.W.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mishra I, Xie WR, Bournat JC, He Y, Wang C, Silva ES, Liu H, Ku Z, Chen Y, Erokwu BO, Jia P, Zhao Z, An Z, Flask CA, He Y, Xu Y, Chopra AR. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ serves as the orexigenic asprosin receptor. Cell Metab 2022; 34:549-563.e8. [PMID: 35298903 PMCID: PMC8986618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asprosin is a fasting-induced glucogenic and centrally acting orexigenic hormone. The olfactory receptor Olfr734 is known to be the hepatic receptor for asprosin that mediates its effects on glucose production, but the receptor for asprosin's orexigenic function has been unclear. Here, we have identified protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ (Ptprd) as the orexigenic receptor for asprosin. Asprosin functions as a high-affinity Ptprd ligand in hypothalamic AgRP neurons, regulating the activity of this circuit in a cell-autonomous manner. Genetic ablation of Ptprd results in a strong loss of appetite, leanness, and an inability to respond to the orexigenic effects of asprosin. Ablation of Ptprd specifically in AgRP neurons causes resistance to diet-induced obesity. Introduction of the soluble Ptprd ligand-binding domain in the circulation of mice suppresses appetite and blood glucose levels by sequestering plasma asprosin. Identification of Ptprd as the orexigenic asprosin receptor creates a new avenue for the development of anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Mishra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Rose Xie
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juan C Bournat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hailan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Atul R Chopra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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13
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Blake MR, Gardner RT, Jin H, Staffenson MA, Rueb NJ, Barrios AM, Dudley GB, Cohen MS, Habecker BA. Small Molecules Targeting PTPσ-Trk Interactions Promote Sympathetic Nerve Regeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:688-699. [PMID: 35156811 PMCID: PMC9112862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) prevent sympathetic nerve regeneration in the heart after myocardial infarction and prevent central nerve regrowth after traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no small-molecule therapeutics to promote nerve regeneration through CSPG-containing scars. CSPGs bind to monomers of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) on the surface of neurons, enhancing the ability of PTPσ to bind and dephosphorylate tropomyosin receptor kinases (Trks), inhibiting their activity and preventing axon outgrowth. Targeting PTPσ-Trk interactions is thus a potential therapeutic target. Here, we describe the development and synthesis of small molecules (HJ-01 and HJ-02) that disrupt PTPσ interactions with Trks, enhance Trk signaling, and promote sympathetic nerve regeneration over CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Blake
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ryan T. Gardner
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Haihong Jin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melanie A. Staffenson
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicole J. Rueb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amy M. Barrios
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gregory B. Dudley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Grad M, Nir A, Levy G, Trangle SS, Shapira G, Shomron N, Assaf Y, Barak B. Altered White Matter and microRNA Expression in a Murine Model Related to Williams Syndrome Suggests That miR-34b/c Affects Brain Development via Ptpru and Dcx Modulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010158. [PMID: 35011720 PMCID: PMC8750756 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a de novo hemizygous deletion of ~26 genes from chromosome 7q11.23, among them the general transcription factor II-I (GTF2I). By studying a novel murine model for the hypersociability phenotype associated with WS, we previously revealed surprising aberrations in myelination and cell differentiation properties in the cortices of mutant mice compared to controls. These mutant mice had selective deletion of Gtf2i in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain. Here, we applied diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking, which showed a reduction in the number of streamlines in limbic outputs such as the fimbria/fornix fibers and the stria terminalis, as well as the corpus callosum of these mutant mice compared to controls. Furthermore, we utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of cortical small RNAs' expression (RNA-Seq) levels to identify altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), including two from the miR-34 cluster, known to be involved in prominent processes in the developing nervous system. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct binding of miR-34c-5p to the 3'UTR of PTPRU-a gene involved in neural development that was elevated in the cortices of mutant mice relative to controls. Moreover, we found an age-dependent variation in the expression levels of doublecortin (Dcx)-a verified miR-34 target. Thus, we demonstrate the substantial effect a single gene deletion can exert on miRNA regulation and brain structure, and advance our understanding and, hopefully, treatment of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitar Grad
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ariel Nir
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Gilad Levy
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yaniv Assaf
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Henderson IM, Zeng F, Bhuiyan NH, Luo D, Martinez M, Smoake J, Bi F, Perera C, Johnson D, Prisinzano TE, Wang W, Uhl GR. Structure-activity studies of PTPRD phosphatase inhibitors identify a 7-cyclopentymethoxy illudalic acid analog candidate for development. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114868. [PMID: 34863978 PMCID: PMC9248268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest in development of potent, selective inhibitors of the phosphatase from the receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD as antiaddiction agents is supported by human genetics, mouse models and studies of our lead compound PTPRD phosphatase inhibitor, 7-butoxy illudalic acid analog 1 (7-BIA). We now report structure-activity relationships for almost 70 7-BIA-related compounds and results that nominate a 7- cyclopentyl methoxy analog as a candidate for further development. While efforts to design 7-BIA analogs with substitutions for other parts failed to yield potent inhibitors of PTPRD's phosphatase, ten 7-position substituted analogs displayed greater potency at PTPRD than 7-BIA. Several were more selective for PTPRD vs the receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatases S, F and J or the nonreceptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase N1 (PTPRS, PTPRF, PTPRJ or PTPN1/PTP1B), phosphatases at which 7-BIA displays activity. In silico studies aided design of novel analogs. A 7-position cyclopentyl methoxy substituted 7-BIA analog termed NHB1109 displayed 600-700 nM potencies in inhibiting PTPRD and PTPRS, improved selectivity vs PTPRS, PTPRF, PTPRJ or PTPN1/PTP1B phosphatases, no substantial potency at other protein tyrosine phosphatases screened, no significant potency at any of the targets of clinically-useful drugs identified in EUROFINS screens and significant oral bioavailability. Oral doses up to 200 mg/kg were well tolerated by mice, though higher doses resulted in reduced weight and apparent ileus without clear organ histopathology. NHB1109 provides a good candidate to advance to in vivo studies in addiction paradigms and toward human use to reduce reward from addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Henderson
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Fanxun Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nazmul H Bhuiyan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Maria Martinez
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jane Smoake
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Fangchao Bi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - George R Uhl
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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16
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Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Pizarro-Delgado J, Ramos-Álvarez MDP. Role of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs) in Insulin Signaling and Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115812. [PMID: 34071721 PMCID: PMC8198922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle in developed countries have triggered the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the latest years. Consequently, these metabolic diseases associated to insulin resistance, and the morbidity associated with them, accounts for enormous costs for the health systems. The best way to face this problem is to identify potential therapeutic targets and/or early biomarkers to help in the treatment and in the early detection. In the insulin receptor signaling cascade, the activities of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are coordinated, thus, protein tyrosine kinases amplify the insulin signaling response, whereas phosphatases are required for the regulation of the rate and duration of that response. The focus of this review is to summarize the impact of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTPs) in the insulin signaling cascade and secretion, and their implication in metabolic diseases such as obesity and T2DM.
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17
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Termini CM, Pang A, Batton DM, Chute JP. Proteoglycans regulate protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ organization on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:44-51. [PMID: 33515635 PMCID: PMC10838547 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ (PTPσ) is highly expressed by murine and human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and negatively regulates HSC self-renewal and regeneration. Previous studies of the nervous system suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans can inactivate PTPσ by clustering PTPσ receptors on neurons, but this finding has yet to be visually verified with adequate resolution. Here, we sought to visualize and quantify how heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate the organization and activation of PTPσ in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our study illustrates that syndecan-2 promotes PTPσ clustering, which sustains phospho-tyrosine and phospho-ezrin levels in association with augmentation of hematopoietic colony formation. Strategies that promote clustering of PTPσ on HSPCs may serve to powerfully augment hematopoietic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Termini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amara Pang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Destiny M Batton
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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18
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Emperador-Melero J, de Nola G, Kaeser PS. Intact synapse structure and function after combined knockout of PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR. eLife 2021; 10:e66638. [PMID: 33656439 PMCID: PMC7963474 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been proposed that leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cell-adhesion proteins that control synapse assembly. Their synaptic nanoscale localization, however, is not established, and synapse fine structure after knockout of the three vertebrate LAR-RPTPs (PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR) has not been tested. Here, superresolution microscopy reveals that PTPδ localizes to the synaptic cleft precisely apposed to postsynaptic scaffolds of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We next assessed synapse structure in newly generated triple-conditional-knockout mice for PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR, complementing a recent independent study of synapse function after LAR-RPTP ablation (Sclip and Südhof, 2020). While mild effects on synaptic vesicle clustering and active zone architecture were detected, synapse numbers and their overall structure were unaffected, membrane anchoring of the active zone persisted, and vesicle docking and release were normal. Hence, despite their localization at synaptic appositions, LAR-RPTPs are dispensable for presynapse structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni de Nola
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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19
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Johansen ML, Perera R, Abenojar E, Wang X, Vincent J, Exner AA, Brady-Kalnay SM. Ultrasound-Based Molecular Imaging of Tumors with PTPmu Biomarker-Targeted Nanobubble Contrast Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1983. [PMID: 33671448 PMCID: PMC7922223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is a widely used, readily accessible and safe imaging modality. Molecularly-targeted microbubble- and nanobubble-based contrast agents used in conjunction with ultrasound imaging expand the utility of this modality by specifically targeting and detecting biomarkers associated with different pathologies including cancer. In this study, nanobubbles directed to a cancer biomarker derived from the Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase mu, PTPmu, were evaluated alongside non-targeted nanobubbles using contrast enhanced ultrasound both in vitro and in vivo in mice. In vitro resonant mass and clinical ultrasound measurements showed gas-core, lipid-shelled nanobubbles conjugated to either a PTPmu-directed peptide or a Scrambled control peptide were equivalent. Mice with heterotopic human tumors expressing the PTPmu-biomarker were injected with PTPmu-targeted or control nanobubbles and dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed. Tumor enhancement was more rapid and greater with PTPmu-targeted nanobubbles compared to the non-targeted control nanobubbles. Peak tumor enhancement by the PTPmu-targeted nanobubbles occurred within five minutes of contrast injection and was more than 35% higher than the Scrambled nanobubble signal for the subsequent two minutes. At later time points, the signal in tumors remained higher with PTPmu-targeted nanobubbles demonstrating that PTPmu-targeted nanobubbles recognize tumors using molecular ultrasound imaging and may be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette L. Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; (M.L.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Reshani Perera
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; (R.P.); (E.A.)
| | - Eric Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; (R.P.); (E.A.)
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA;
| | - Jason Vincent
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; (M.L.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Agata A. Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; (R.P.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA;
| | - Susann M. Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA; (M.L.J.); (J.V.)
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20
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Lesnikova A, Casarotto PC, Fred SM, Voipio M, Winkel F, Steinzeig A, Antila H, Umemori J, Biojone C, Castrén E. Chondroitinase and Antidepressants Promote Plasticity by Releasing TRKB from Dephosphorylating Control of PTPσ in Parvalbumin Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:972-980. [PMID: 33293360 PMCID: PMC7880295 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2228-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are an extracellular matrix structure rich in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which preferentially encase parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. PNNs restrict cortical network plasticity but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. We found that reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex induced by chondroitinase ABC (chABC)-mediated PNN removal requires intact signaling by the neurotrophin receptor TRKB in PV+ neurons. Additionally, we demonstrate that chABC increases TRKB phosphorylation (pTRKB), while PNN component aggrecan attenuates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced pTRKB in cortical neurons in culture. We further found that protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ, PTPRS), receptor for CSPGs, interacts with TRKB and restricts TRKB phosphorylation. PTPσ deletion increases phosphorylation of TRKB in vitro and in vivo in male and female mice, and juvenile-like plasticity is retained in the visual cortex of adult PTPσ-deficient mice (PTPσ+/-). The antidepressant drug fluoxetine, which is known to promote TRKB phosphorylation and reopen critical period-like plasticity in the adult brain, disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ by binding to the transmembrane domain of TRKB. We propose that both chABC and fluoxetine reopen critical period-like plasticity in the adult visual cortex by promoting TRKB signaling in PV+ neurons through inhibition of TRKB dephosphorylation by the PTPσ-CSPG complex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Critical period-like plasticity can be reactivated in the adult visual cortex through disruption of perineuronal nets (PNNs) by chondroitinase treatment, or by chronic antidepressant treatment. We now show that the effects of both chondroitinase and fluoxetine are mediated by the neurotrophin receptor TRKB in parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. We found that chondroitinase-induced visual cortical plasticity is dependent on TRKB in PV+ neurons. Protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ, PTPRS), a receptor for PNNs, interacts with TRKB and inhibits its phosphorylation, and chondroitinase treatment or deletion of PTPσ increases TRKB phosphorylation. Antidepressant fluoxetine disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ, thereby increasing TRKB phosphorylation. Thus, juvenile-like plasticity induced by both chondroitinase and antidepressant treatment is mediated by TRKB activation in PV+ interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Lesnikova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | | | - Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Mikko Voipio
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Frederike Winkel
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Anna Steinzeig
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Hanna Antila
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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21
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Kim HY, Um JW, Ko J. Proper synaptic adhesion signaling in the control of neural circuit architecture and brain function. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 200:101983. [PMID: 33422662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules are critical for governing various stages of synapse development and specifying neural circuit properties via the formation of multifarious signaling pathways. Recent studies have pinpointed the putative roles of trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules in mediating various cognitive functions. Here, we review the literature on the roles of a diverse group of central synaptic organizers, including neurexins (Nrxns), leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs), and their associated binding proteins, in regulating properties of specific type of synapses and neural circuits. In addition, we highlight the findings that aberrant synaptic adhesion signaling leads to alterations in the structures, transmission, and plasticity of specific synapses across diverse brain areas. These results seem to suggest that proper trans-synaptic signaling pathways by Nrxns, LAR-RPTPs, and their interacting network is likely to constitute central molecular complexes that form the basis for cognitive functions, and that these complexes are heterogeneously and complexly disrupted in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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22
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Abstract
The receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are key regulators of cell-cell communication through the control of cellular phosphotyrosine levels. Most human RPTPs possess an extracellular receptor domain and tandem intracellular phosphatase domains: comprising an active membrane proximal (D1) domain and an inactive distal (D2) pseudophosphatase domain. Here we demonstrate that PTPRU is unique amongst the RPTPs in possessing two pseudophosphatase domains. The PTPRU-D1 displays no detectable catalytic activity against a range of phosphorylated substrates and we show that this is due to multiple structural rearrangements that destabilise the active site pocket and block the catalytic cysteine. Upon oxidation, this cysteine forms an intramolecular disulphide bond with a vicinal "backdoor" cysteine, a process thought to reversibly inactivate related phosphatases. Importantly, despite the absence of catalytic activity, PTPRU binds substrates of related phosphatases strongly suggesting that this pseudophosphatase functions in tyrosine phosphorylation by competing with active phosphatases for the binding of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Hay
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Pablo Rios
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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23
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Song K, Li Q, Gao W, Lu S, Shen Q, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang B, Lin H, Chen G, Zhang J. AlloDriver: a method for the identification and analysis of cancer driver targets. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:W315-W321. [PMID: 31069394 PMCID: PMC6602569 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the variants that alter protein function is a promising strategy for deciphering the biological consequences of somatic mutations during tumorigenesis, which could provide novel targets for the development of cancer therapies. Here, based on our previously developed method, we present a strategy called AlloDriver that identifies cancer driver genes/proteins as possible targets from mutations. AlloDriver utilizes structural and dynamic features to prioritize potentially functional genes/proteins in individual cancers via mapping mutations generated from clinical cancer samples to allosteric/orthosteric sites derived from three-dimensional protein structures. This strategy exhibits desirable performance in the reemergence of known cancer driver mutations and genes/proteins from clinical samples. Significantly, the practicability of AlloDriver to discover novel cancer driver proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) was tested in a real case of human protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type K (PTPRK) through a L1143F driver mutation located at the allosteric site of PTPRK, which was experimentally validated by cell proliferation assay. AlloDriver is expected to help to uncover innovative molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis by perturbing proteins and to discover novel targets based on cancer driver mutations. The AlloDriver is freely available to all users at http://mdl.shsmu.edu.cn/ALD.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Allosteric Regulation
- Allosteric Site
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Discovery
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/chemistry
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Internet
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/chemistry
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/chemistry
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/metabolism
- Software
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiancheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200127, China
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
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24
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Johansen ML, Vincent J, Gittleman H, Craig SEL, Couce M, Sloan AE, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Brady-Kalnay SM. A PTPmu Biomarker is Associated with Increased Survival in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102372. [PMID: 31091655 PMCID: PMC6566278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated approach has been adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosing brain tumors. This approach relies on the molecular characterization of biopsied tissue in conjunction with standard histology. Diffuse gliomas (grade II to grade IV malignant brain tumors) have a wide range in overall survival, from months for the worst cases of glioblastoma (GBM) to years for lower grade astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. We previously identified a change in the cell adhesion molecule PTPmu in brain tumors that results in the generation of proteolytic fragments. We developed agents to detect this cell surface-associated biomarker of the tumor microenvironment. In the current study, we evaluated the PTPmu biomarker in tissue microarrays and individual tumor samples of adolescent and young adult (n = 25) and adult (n = 69) glioma populations using a fluorescent histochemical reagent, SBK4-TR, that recognizes the PTPmu biomarker. We correlated staining with clinical data and found that high levels of the PTPmu biomarker correlate with increased survival of glioma patients, including those with GBM. Patients with high PTPmu live for 48 months on average, whereas PTPmu low patients live only 22 months. PTPmu high staining indicates a doubling of patient survival. Use of the agent to detect the PTPmu biomarker would allow differentiation of glioma patients with distinct survival outcomes and would complement current molecular approaches used in glioma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette L Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA.
| | - Jason Vincent
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA.
| | - Haley Gittleman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA.
| | - Marta Couce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-4960, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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25
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Świerczewska M, Sterzyńska K, Wojtowicz K, Kaźmierczak D, Iżycki D, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Januchowski R. PTPRK Expression Is Downregulated in Drug Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines, and Especially in ALDH1A1 Positive CSCs-Like Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082053. [PMID: 31027318 PMCID: PMC6515253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is the 7th most common cancer and 8th most mortal cancer among woman. The standard treatment includes cytoreduction surgery followed by chemotherapy. Unfortunately, in most cases, after treatment, cancer develops drug resistance. Decreased expression and/or activity of protein phosphatases leads to increased signal transduction and development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Methods: Using sensitive (W1, A2780) and resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, the expression of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type K (PTPRK) was performed at the mRNA (real-time PCR analysis) and protein level (Western blot, immunofluorescence analysis). The protein expression in ovarian cancer tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed a decreased level of PTPRK expression in ovarian cancer cell lines resistant to cisplatin (CIS), paclitaxel (PAC), doxorubicin (DOX), topotecan (TOP), vincristine (VIN) and methotrexate (MTX). Additionally, the lower PTPRK expression was observed in Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1 (ALDH1A1) positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) population, suggesting the role of PTPRK downregulation in primary as well as acquired resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Conclusions: These results provide important insights into the role of PTPRK in mechanism leading to drug resistance in ovarian cancer and has raised important questions about the role of imbalance in processes of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Karolina Wojtowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kaźmierczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 St., 61-866 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9 St., 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
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26
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Yao M, Sun H, Yuan Q, Li N, Li H, Tang Y, Leung GK, Wu W. Targeting proteoglycan receptor PTPσ restores sensory function after spinal cord dorsal root injury by activation of Erks/CREB signaling pathway. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:208-218. [PMID: 30393073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal root injury commonly results in irreversible loss of sensory functions because of the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of adult sensory axons and the growth-inhibitory environment at the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) between the dorsal root and the spinal cord. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the dominant suppressors of axonal regeneration, acting via neuronal receptors including protein tyrosine phosphatase-σ (PTPσ). ISP (Intracellular Sigma Peptide) is a small peptide mimetic of the PTPσ wedge region that has been developed to target PTPσ and relieve CSPG inhibition. Extracellular regulated kinases (Erks) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) are signaling molecules downstream of CSPGs and PTPσ; they are expressed in neurons and essential for axon growth. In this study, we observed that ISP administration could promote sensory function restoration in adult rats after dorsal spinal root crush injury. Our results show that systemic ISP administration would not only significantly increase sensory axon regeneration and functional recovery, but also activate Erk and CREB signaling pathway. Furthermore, ISP has also been verified to increase dorsal root ganglion axonal remyelination in vitro. These results suggest that modulation of PTPσ by ISP represents a promising therapeutic strategy for sensory neuronal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yinjuan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gilberto Kk Leung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Re-Stem Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215300, China.
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Kim Y, Kang H, Powathil G, Kim H, Trucu D, Lee W, Lawler S, Chaplain M. Role of extracellular matrix and microenvironment in regulation of tumor growth and LAR-mediated invasion in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204865. [PMID: 30286133 PMCID: PMC6171904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular dispersion and therapeutic control of glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of primary brain cancer, depends critically on the migration patterns after surgery and intracellular responses of the individual cancer cells in response to external biochemical cues in the microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that miR-451 regulates downstream molecules including AMPK/CAB39/MARK and mTOR to determine the balance between rapid proliferation and invasion in response to metabolic stress in the harsh tumor microenvironment. Surgical removal of the main tumor is inevitably followed by recurrence of the tumor due to inaccessibility of dispersed tumor cells in normal brain tissue. In order to address this complex process of cell proliferation and invasion and its response to conventional treatment, we propose a mathematical model that analyzes the intracellular dynamics of the miR-451-AMPK- mTOR-cell cycle signaling pathway within a cell. The model identifies a key mechanism underlying the molecular switches between proliferative phase and migratory phase in response to metabolic stress in response to fluctuating glucose levels. We show how up- or down-regulation of components in these pathways affects the key cellular decision to infiltrate or proliferate in a complex microenvironment in the absence and presence of time delays and stochastic noise. Glycosylated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain, contribute to the physical structure of the local brain microenvironment but also induce or inhibit glioma invasion by regulating the dynamics of the CSPG receptor LAR as well as the spatiotemporal activation status of resident astrocytes and tumor-associated microglia. Using a multi-scale mathematical model, we investigate a CSPG-induced switch between invasive and non-invasive tumors through the coordination of ECM-cell adhesion and dynamic changes in stromal cells. We show that the CSPG-rich microenvironment is associated with non-invasive tumor lesions through LAR-CSGAG binding while the absence of glycosylated CSPGs induce the critical glioma invasion. We illustrate how high molecular weight CSPGs can regulate the exodus of local reactive astrocytes from the main tumor lesion, leading to encapsulation of non-invasive tumor and inhibition of tumor invasion. These different CSPG conditions also change the spatial profiles of ramified and activated microglia. The complex distribution of CSPGs in the tumor microenvironment can determine the nonlinear invasion behaviors of glioma cells, which suggests the need for careful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hyunji Kang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibin Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Wanho Lee
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Mathematical Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cellular receptors of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans that regulate neurite outgrowth and neuronal regeneration. LAR-RPTPs have also received particular attention as the major presynaptic hubs for synapse organization through selective binding to numerous postsynaptic adhesion partners. Recent structural studies on LAR-RPTP-mediated trans-synaptic adhesion complexes have provided significant insight into the molecular basis of their specific interactions, the key codes for their selective binding, as well as the higher-order clustering of LAR-RPTPs necessary for synaptogenic activity. In this review, we summarize the structures of LAR-RPTPs in complex with various postsynaptic adhesion partners and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying LAR-RPTP-mediated synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Youn Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
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29
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Davis TB, Yang M, Schell MJ, Wang H, Ma L, Pledger WJ, Yeatman TJ. PTPRS Regulates Colorectal Cancer RAS Pathway Activity by Inactivating Erk and Preventing Its Nuclear Translocation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9296. [PMID: 29915291 PMCID: PMC6006154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and progression is frequently driven by RAS pathway activation through upstream growth factor receptor activation or through mutational activation of KRAS or BRAF. Here we describe an additional mechanism by which the RAS pathway may be modulated in CRC. PTPRS, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, appears to regulate RAS pathway activation through ERK. PTPRS modulates ERK phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Native mutations in PTPRS, present in ~10% of CRC, may reduce its phosphatase activity while increasing ERK activation and downstream transcriptional signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Davis
- Gibbs Cancer Center & Research Institute, 380 Serpentine Drive, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Mingli Yang
- Gibbs Cancer Center & Research Institute, 380 Serpentine Drive, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Michael J Schell
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Heiman Wang
- Gibbs Cancer Center & Research Institute, 380 Serpentine Drive, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Gibbs Cancer Center & Research Institute, 380 Serpentine Drive, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - W Jack Pledger
- Gibbs Cancer Center & Research Institute, 380 Serpentine Drive, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, VCOM, 350 Howard Street, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Timothy J Yeatman
- Gibbs Cancer Center & Research Institute, 380 Serpentine Drive, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA.
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Dyck S, Kataria H, Alizadeh A, Santhosh KT, Lang B, Silver J, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Perturbing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan signaling through LAR and PTPσ receptors promotes a beneficial inflammatory response following spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:90. [PMID: 29558941 PMCID: PMC5861616 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) by reactive glia that impedes repair and regeneration in the spinal cord. Degradation of CSPGs is known to be beneficial in promoting endogenous repair mechanisms including axonal sprouting/regeneration, oligodendrocyte replacement, and remyelination, and is associated with improvements in functional outcomes after SCI. Recent evidence suggests that CSPGs may regulate secondary injury mechanisms by modulating neuroinflammation after SCI. To date, the role of CSPGs in SCI neuroinflammation remains largely unexplored. The recent discovery of CSPG-specific receptors, leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) and protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma (PTPσ), allows unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CSPGs in SCI. In the present study, we have employed parallel in vivo and in vitro approaches to dissect the role of CSPGs and their receptors LAR and PTPσ in modulating the inflammatory processes in the acute and subacute phases of SCI. METHODS In a clinically relevant model of compressive SCI in female Sprague Dawley rats, we targeted LAR and PTPσ by two intracellular functionally blocking peptides, termed ILP and ISP, respectively. We delivered ILP and ISP treatment intrathecally to the injured spinal cord in a sustainable manner by osmotic mini-pumps for various time-points post-SCI. We employed flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in rat SCI, as well as complementary in vitro studies in primary microglia cultures to address our questions. RESULTS We provide novel evidence that signifies a key immunomodulatory role for LAR and PTPσ receptors in SCI. We show that blocking LAR and PTPσ reduces the population of classically activated M1 microglia/macrophages, while promoting alternatively activated M2 microglia/macrophages and T regulatory cells. This shift was associated with a remarkable elevation in pro-regenerative immune mediators, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Arginase-1. Our parallel in vitro studies in microglia identified that while CSPGs do not induce an M1 phenotype per se, they promote a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, inhibiting LAR and PTPσ in M1 and M2 microglia positively modulates their inflammatory response in the presence of CSPGs, and harnesses their ability for phagocytosis and mobilization. Interestingly, our findings indicate that CSPGs regulate microglia, at least in part, through the activation of the Rho/ROCK pathway downstream of LAR and PTPσ. CONCLUSIONS We have unveiled a novel role for LAR and PTPσ in regulating neuroinflammation in traumatic SCI. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which manipulation of CSPG signaling can promote recovery from SCI. More importantly, this work introduces the potential of ILP/ISP as a viable strategy for modulating the immune response following SCI and other neuroinflammatory conditions of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dyck
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, the Regenerative Medicine Program, the Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Manitoba, 629-Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, the Regenerative Medicine Program, the Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Manitoba, 629-Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Arsalan Alizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, the Regenerative Medicine Program, the Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Manitoba, 629-Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kallivalappil T Santhosh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, the Regenerative Medicine Program, the Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Manitoba, 629-Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Bradley Lang
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, the Regenerative Medicine Program, the Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Manitoba, 629-Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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31
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Han T, Schatoff EM, Murphy C, Zafra MP, Wilkinson JE, Elemento O, Dow LE. R-Spondin chromosome rearrangements drive Wnt-dependent tumour initiation and maintenance in the intestine. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15945. [PMID: 28695896 PMCID: PMC5508203 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the genetic drivers of cancer progression is a key in understanding disease biology and developing effective targeted therapies. Chromosome rearrangements are a common feature of human malignancies, but whether they represent bona fide cancer drivers and therapeutically actionable targets, requires functional testing. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic, inducible CRISPR-based mouse systems to engineer and study recurrent colon cancer-associated EIF3E-RSPO2 and PTPRK-RSPO3 chromosome rearrangements in vivo. We show that both Rspo2 and Rspo3 fusion events are sufficient to initiate hyperplasia and tumour development in vivo, without additional cooperating genetic events. Rspo-fusion tumours are entirely Wnt-dependent, as treatment with an inhibitor of Wnt secretion, LGK974, drives rapid tumour clearance from the intestinal mucosa without effects on normal intestinal crypts. Altogether, our study provides direct evidence that endogenous Rspo2 and Rspo3 chromosome rearrangements can initiate and maintain tumour development, and indicate a viable therapeutic window for LGK974 treatment of RSPO-fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Han
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Emma M. Schatoff
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-I MD-PhD Program, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Charles Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- The Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - John E. Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
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32
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Konze SA, Cajic S, Oberbeck A, Hennig R, Pich A, Rapp E, Buettner FFR. Quantitative Assessment of Sialo-Glycoproteins and N-Glycans during Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1317-1331. [PMID: 28509371 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC CMs) may be used in regenerative medicine for individualized tissue transplants in the future. For application in patients, the generated CMs have to be highly pure and well characterized. In order to overcome the prevalent scarcity of CM-specific markers, we quantitatively assessed cell-surface-exposed sialo-glycoproteins and N-glycans of hiPSCs, CM progenitors, and CMs. Applying a combination of metabolic labeling and specific sialo-glycoprotein capture, we could highly enrich and quantify membrane proteins during cardiomyogenic differentiation. Among them we identified a number of novel, putative biomarkers for hiPSC CMs. Analysis of the N-glycome by capillary gel electrophoresis revealed three novel structures comprising β1,3-linked galactose, α2,6-linked sialic acid and complex fucosylation; these were highly specific for hiPSCs. Bisecting GlcNAc structures strongly increased during differentiation, and we propose that they are characteristic of early, immature CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Konze
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Oberbeck
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Hamasaki H, Fujitani M, Yamashita T. NME2 associates with PTPσ to transduce signals from chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:522-7. [PMID: 26896769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a major component of glial scars, inhibiting axonal growth in the central nervous system. Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPσ) has been identified as a receptor for CSPGs, whereas its downstream signaling pathway remains to be fully understood. Here, we report that nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NME2) interacts with PTPσ. We screened proteins associated with PTPσ by mass spectrometry, and obtained NME2. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that NME2 associated with the PTPσ intracellular domain in HEK-293T cells. NME2 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cortical neurons, and knockdown of NME2 in the cortical neurons completely rescued neurite outgrowth inhibition induced by CSPGs. These results demonstrate that NME2 associates with PTPσ to elicit neurite outgrowth inhibition in response to CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hamasaki
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; JST, CREST, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, MD Scientist Training Program, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0872, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujitani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; JST, CREST, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0872, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; JST, CREST, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan.
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Xie L, Tang Q, Yang L, Chen L. Insulin-like growth factor I promotes oocyte maturation through increasing the expression and phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the zebrafish ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:198-207. [PMID: 26599586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The resumption of oocyte meiosis is a critical step for the progression of oocyte development, which requires an intimate collaboration of a variety of hormones and growth factors. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) family are well recognized to promote oocyte maturation. However, the mechanism by which they coordinate this process remains unknown. The present study demonstrated that IGF-I can increase egfr mRNA and protein levels in follicle cell culture or intact follicles. This stimulation can be significantly inhibited by IGF-IR specific inhibitor, NVP-ADW742. The inhibitors against phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt also dramatically abolished IGF-I-induced egfr expression, suggesting that the classical PI3K/Akt pathway mediated the action of IGF-I in this regulation. We further found that not only was the protein level of Egfr increased, but also the phosphorylation level was enhanced by IGF-I. Unlike egfr, IGF-I failed to stimulate the expression of Egf-like ligands whereas decreased the level of protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, kappa (ptprk), a protein tyrosine phosphatase. The oocyte maturation assay further confirmed that IGF-I initiates this regulation through its cognate receptor in the follicle cells. Taken together, IGF-I promoted oocyte maturation, in part at least, through Egf-like ligands/Egfr pathway. This study sheds light on the cross-talk between two important growth factors in the zebrafish ovary and the mechanism underlying the IGF-I induction on oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | | | - Ling Yang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lianyi Chen
- Hubei Medical Association, Wuhan 430071, China
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35
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Zhu Q, Tan Z, Zhao S, Huang H, Zhao X, Hu X, Zhang Y, Shields CB, Uetani N, Qiu M. Developmental expression and function analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D in oligodendrocyte myelination. Neuroscience 2015; 308:106-14. [PMID: 26341907 PMCID: PMC4600676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are extensively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and have distinct spatial and temporal patterns in different cell types during development. Previous studies have demonstrated possible roles for RPTPs in axon outgrowth, guidance, and synaptogenesis. In the present study, our results revealed that protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type D (PTPRD) was initially expressed in mature neurons in embryonic CNS, and later in oligodendroglial cells at postnatal stages when oligodendrocytes undergo active axonal myelination process. In PTPRD mutants, oligodendrocyte differentiation was normal and a transient myelination delay occurred at early postnatal stages, indicating the contribution of PTPRD to the initiation of axonal myelination. Our results also showed that the remyelination process was not affected in the absence of PTPRD function after a cuprizone-induced demyelination in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Z Tan
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - X Hu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - C B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - N Uetani
- McGill Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - M Qiu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China.
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Chen YT, Lin WD, Liao WL, Lin YJ, Chang JG, Tsai FJ. PTPRD silencing by DNA hypermethylation decreases insulin receptor signaling and leads to type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 2015; 6:12997-3005. [PMID: 26079428 PMCID: PMC4536994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data showed that the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta (PTPRD) is associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Han Chinese. A replication study indicated that PTPRD is involved in the insulin signaling pathway; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated PTPRD expression in patients with T2D and controls. PTPRD expression levels were lower in patients and were correlated with the duration of the disease. Overexpression of the human insulin receptor PPARγ2 in HepG2 cells induced overexpression of PTPRD and the insulin receptor. PTPRD knockdown, using a shRNA, resulted in down-regulation of the insulin receptor. These results indicate that PTPRD activates PPARγ2 in the insulin signaling pathway. Similar results for PTPRD expression were found using a T2D mouse model. Silencing of PTPRD was caused by DNA methylation in T2D mice and patients, and correlated with DNMT1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that a DNMT1 SNP (rs78789647) was correlated with susceptibility to T2D. This study shows for the first time that DNMT1 caused PTPRD DNA hypermethylation and induced insulin signaling silencing in T2D patients. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the crucial roles of these regulatory elements in human T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yng-Tay Chen
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of China Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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de Rooij KE, van der Velde M, de Wilt E, Deckers MML, Bezemer M, Waarsing JH, Que I, Chan AB, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CWGM. Identification of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase μ as a new marker for osteocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:1-11. [PMID: 25850409 PMCID: PMC4468792 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are the predominant cells in bone, where they form a cellular network and display important functions in bone homeostasis, phosphate metabolism and mechanical transduction. Several proteins strongly expressed by osteocytes are involved in these processes, e.g., sclerostin, DMP-1, PHEX, FGF23 and MEPE, while others are upregulated during differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes, e.g., osteocalcin and E11. The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase µ (RPTPμ) has been described to be expressed in cells which display a cellular network, e.g., endothelial and neuronal cells, and is implied in mechanotransduction. In a capillary outgrowth assay using metatarsals derived from RPTPμ-knock-out/LacZ knock-in mice, we observed that the capillary structures grown out of the metatarsals were stained blue, as expected. Surprisingly, cells within the metatarsal bone tissue were positive for LacZ activity as well, indicating that RPTPμ is also expressed by osteocytes. Subsequent histochemical analysis showed that within bone, RPTPμ is expressed exclusively in early-stage osteocytes. Analysis of bone marrow cell cultures revealed that osteocytes are present in the nodules and an enzymatic assay enabled the quantification of the amount of osteocytes. No apparent bone phenotype was observed when tibiae of RPTPμ-knock-out/LacZ knock-in mice were analyzed by μCT at several time points during aging, although a significant reduction in cortical bone was observed in RPTPμ-knock-out/LacZ knock-in mice at 20 weeks. Changes in trabecular bone were more subtle. Our data show that RPTPμ is a new marker for osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien E de Rooij
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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38
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Gardner RT, Wang L, Lang BT, Cregg JM, Dunbar CL, Woodward WR, Silver J, Ripplinger CM, Habecker BA. Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase σ after myocardial infarction restores cardiac sympathetic innervation and prevents arrhythmias. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6235. [PMID: 25639594 PMCID: PMC4315356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer a myocardial infarction (MI) every year, and those who survive have increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Recent clinical studies have identified sympathetic denervation as a predictor of increased arrhythmia susceptibility. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans present in the cardiac scar after MI prevent sympathetic reinnervation by binding the neuronal protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ (PTPσ). Here we show that the absence of PTPσ, or pharmacologic modulation of PTPσ by the novel intracellular sigma peptide (ISP) beginning 3 days after injury, restores sympathetic innervation to the scar and markedly reduces arrhythmia susceptibility. Using optical mapping we observe increased dispersion of action potential duration, supersensitivity to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and Ca(2+) mishandling following MI. Sympathetic reinnervation prevents these changes and renders hearts remarkably resistant to induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. T. Gardner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B. T. Lang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - J. M. Cregg
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - C. L. Dunbar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - W. R. Woodward
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - J. Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - C. M. Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B. A. Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Xu B, Park D, Ohtake Y, Li H, Hayat U, Liu J, Selzer ME, Longo FM, Li S. Role of CSPG receptor LAR phosphatase in restricting axon regeneration after CNS injury. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 73:36-48. [PMID: 25220840 PMCID: PMC4427014 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix molecule chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are highly upregulated in scar tissues and form a potent chemical barrier for CNS axon regeneration. Recent studies support that the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) and its subfamily member leukocyte common antigen related phosphatase (LAR) act as transmembrane receptors to mediate CSPG inhibition. PTPσ deficiency increased regrowth of ascending axons into scar tissues and descending corticospinal tract (CST) axons into the caudal spinal cord after spinal cord injury (SCI). Pharmacological LAR inhibition enhanced serotonergic axon growth in SCI mice. However, transgenic LAR deletion on axon growth in vivo and the role of LAR in regulating regrowth of other fiber tracts have not been studied. Here, we studied the role of LAR in restricting regrowth of injured descending CNS axons in deficient mice. LAR deletion increased regrowth of serotonergic axons into scar tissues and caudal spinal cord after dorsal over-hemitransection. LAR deletion also stimulated regrowth of CST fibers into the caudal spinal cord. LAR protein was upregulated days to weeks after injury and co-localized to serotonergic and CST axons. Moreover, LAR deletion improved functional recovery by increasing BMS locomotor scores and stride length and reducing grid walk errors. This is the first transgenic study that demonstrates the crucial role of LAR in restricting regrowth of injured CNS axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dongsun Park
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Umar Hayat
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Junjun Liu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Wang D, Wang L, Zhou J, Pan J, Qian W, Fu J, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Liu C, Wang C, Jin Z, He Z, Wu J, Shi B. Reduced expression of PTPRD correlates with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113754. [PMID: 25412184 PMCID: PMC4239117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PTPRD, encoding protein tyrosine phosphatases receptor type D, is located at chromosome 9p23–24.1, a loci frequently lost in many types of tumors. Recently, PTPRD has been proposed to function as a tumor suppressor gene. The current study aimed to investigate PTPRD expression and its prognostic significance in primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods and Results Quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to examine PTPRD expression in paired gastric tumourous and paracancerous tissues. Compared with the matched normal gastric mucosa tissues, both the mRNA (P = 0.0138) and protein (P = 0.0093) expression of PTPRD in fresh surgical specimens were significantly reduced. Clinicopathological and prognostic roles of PTPRD in gastric adenocarcinoma were investigated using immunohistochemistry with 513 paraffin-embedded gastric adenocarcinoma tissue blocks. Statistical analysis revealed that reduced PTPRD expression was significantly associated with T stage (P = 0.004), TNM stage (P<0.001) and tumor size (P = 0.003). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that low expression of PTPRD significantly correlated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients (P<0.001). Cox regression analysis confirmed PTPRD expression as independent predictor of the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. The MTT assay determined the effects of PTPRD on cell proliferation of MGC803 and GES1 cell lines. Restoring PTPRD expression in MGC803 cells significantly inhibited their growth rate. Silencing PTPRD expression by siRNA treatment in GES1 significantly enhanced cell proliferation compared with mock siRNA treatment. Methylation analysis of PTPRD promoter CpG island in 3 primary GC samples showed one case with partial methylation. Conclusions These results indicated that PTPRD is a candidate tumour suppressor in gastric cancer. Thus, PTPRD may play an important role in gastric tumorigenesis and serve as a valuable prognostic marker of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Departments of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafang Fu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Genglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongkun Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing He
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (BS); (JW)
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Back and Neck Pain Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (BS); (JW)
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Liu Y, Zhu Z, Xiong Z, Zheng J, Hu Z, Qiu J. Knockdown of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor U inhibits growth and motility of gastric cancer cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5750-61. [PMID: 25337216 PMCID: PMC4203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor U (PTPRU) has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in colon cancer by dephosphorylating β-catenin and reducing the activation of β-catenin signaling. Here, we investigate the expression of PTPRU protein in gastric cancer cell lines, gastric cancer tissues and respective adjacent non-cancer tissues and find that the 130 kDa nuclear-localized PTPRU fragment is the main PTPRU isoform in gastric cancer cells, whereas the full-length PTPRU is relatively lowly expressed. The level of the 130 kDa PTPRU is higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent non-cancer tissues. Knockdown of endogenous PTPRU in gastric cancer cells using lentivirus-delivered specific shRNA results in the attenuation of cell growth, migration, invasion and adhesion. Knockdown of PTPRU also inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin as well as levels of focal adhesion proteins and lysine methylation of histone H3. These results indicate that PTPRU is required for gastric cancer progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhichuan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zelan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First HospitalNingbo 315010, P. R. China
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Bera R, Chiou CY, Yu MC, Peng JM, He CR, Hsu CY, Huang HL, Ho UY, Lin SM, Lin YJ, Hsieh SY. Functional genomics identified a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F-mediated growth inhibition in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2014; 59:2238-50. [PMID: 24470239 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is unclear how proliferating cells elicit suppression on cell proliferation and how cancer cells evade this growth suppression. Using a loss-of-function screening of the human kinome and phosphatome to identify genes suppressing tumor initiation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we identified 19 genes and characterized one of the top-scoring tumor suppressor candidates, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F (PTPRF). We found that PTPRF was induced during cell proliferation by cell-cell contact. Ectopic expression of wild-type PTPRF, but not the phosphatase-inactive mutant, suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation in soft-agar assays. In contrast, PTPRF silencing led to cell hyperproliferation, enhanced tumor colony formation in soft agar, and increased xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, PTPRF silencing showed aberrant ERK-dependent signaling including the phosphorylation/stabilization of v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) through the direct activation of v-src avian sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (SRC) and suppression of PP2A. This PTPRF-mediated growth suppression during cell proliferation functioned independently of the Hippo-Yap pathway. Clinically, PTPRF was down-regulated in 42% HCC (37/89), 67% gastric cancer (27/40), and 100% colorectal cancer (40/40). PTPRF up-regulation was found in 24% HCC (21/89) and associated with better clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION A novel PTPRF-mediated growth suppression pathway was identified by way of a functional genomics screening in human hepatoma cells. Induction of PTPRF by cell-cell contact during cell proliferation quenched the activated ERK-dependent proliferation signaling to prevent cell hyperproliferation and tumor initiation. PTPRF down-regulation in HCC facilitated tumor development. Our findings shed light on how cancer cells can evade growth suppression and open a new avenue for future development of anticancer therapies.
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Qi J, Li N, Fan K, Yin P, Zhao C, Li Z, Lin Y, Wang L, Zha X. β1,6 GlcNAc branches-modified PTPRT attenuates its activity and promotes cell migration by STAT3 pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98052. [PMID: 24846175 PMCID: PMC4028250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are type I transmembrane glycoproteins with N-glycans whose catalytic activities are regulated by dimerization. However, the intrinsic mechanism involved in dimerizing processes remains obscure. In this study, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (PTPRT) is identified as a novel substrate of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V). We show that addition of β1,6 GlcNAc branches on PTPRT prolongs PTPRT's cell-surface retention time. GnT-V overexpression enhances galectin-3's cell-surface retention and promotes PTPRT's dimerization mediated by galectin-3. Increased dimerization subsequently reduces PTPRT's catalytic activity on the dephosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) at tyrosine residue 705 (pY705 STAT3), then the accumulated pY705 STAT3 translocates into the nucleus. Collectively, these findings provide an insight into the molecular mechanism by which GnT-V promotes cell migration, suggesting that accumulation of β1,6 GlcNAc branched N-glycans promotes PTPRT's dimerization and decreases its catalytic activity, resulting in enhanced cell migratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengxia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (XZ)
| | - Xiliang Zha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (XZ)
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Lui VWY, Peyser ND, Ng PKS, Hritz J, Zeng Y, Lu Y, Li H, Wang L, Gilbert BR, General IJ, Bahar I, Ju Z, Wang Z, Pendleton KP, Xiao X, Du Y, Vries JK, Hammerman PS, Garraway LA, Mills GB, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Frequent mutation of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases provides a mechanism for STAT3 hyperactivation in head and neck cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1114-9. [PMID: 24395800 PMCID: PMC3903220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319551111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The underpinnings of STAT3 hyperphosphorylation resulting in enhanced signaling and cancer progression are incompletely understood. Loss-of-function mutations of enzymes that dephosphorylate STAT3, such as receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are encoded by the PTPR gene family, represent a plausible mechanism of STAT3 hyperactivation. We analyzed whole exome sequencing (n = 374) and reverse-phase protein array data (n = 212) from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). PTPR mutations are most common and are associated with significantly increased phospho-STAT3 expression in HNSCC tumors. Expression of receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase T (PTPRT) mutant proteins induces STAT3 phosphorylation and cell survival, consistent with a "driver" phenotype. Computational modeling reveals functional consequences of PTPRT mutations on phospho-tyrosine-substrate interactions. A high mutation rate (30%) of PTPRs was found in HNSCC and 14 other solid tumors, suggesting that PTPR alterations, in particular PTPRT mutations, may define a subset of patients where STAT3 pathway inhibitors hold particular promise as effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noah D. Peyser
- Departments of Otolaryngology
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | | | - Jozef Hritz
- Structural Biology, and
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Hua Li
- Departments of Otolaryngology
| | | | | | - Ignacio J. General
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | | | | | - Yu Du
- Departments of Otolaryngology
| | - John K. Vries
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Peter S. Hammerman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | | | - Daniel E. Johnson
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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45
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Jeon TJ, Chien PN, Chun HJ, Ryu SE. Structure of the catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma in the sulfenic acid form. Mol Cells 2013; 36:55-61. [PMID: 23820885 PMCID: PMC3887927 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) plays a vital role in neural development. The extracellular domain of PTPσ binds to various proteoglycans, which control the activity of 2 intracellular PTP domains (D1 and D2). To understand the regulatory mechanism of PTPσ, we carried out structural and biochemical analyses of PTPσ D1D2. In the crystal structure analysis of a mutant form of D1D2 of PTPσ, we unexpectedly found that the catalytic cysteine of D1 is oxidized to cysteine sulfenic acid, while that of D2 remained in its reduced form, suggesting that D1 is more sensitive to oxidation than D2. This finding contrasts previous observations on PTPα. The cysteine sulfenic acid of D1 was further confirmed by immunoblot and mass spectrometric analyses. The stabilization of the cysteine sulfenic acid in the active site of PTP suggests that the formation of cysteine sulfenic acid may function as a stable intermediate during the redox-regulation of PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Jeon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-070,
Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-070,
Korea
| | - Ha-Jung Chun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-070,
Korea
| | - Seong Eon Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-070,
Korea
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46
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine (NE) cells promote the progression of prostate cancer to a castration-resistant state through the production of paracrine growth factors. We have demonstrated this principle using in vitro and in vivo proliferative endpoints; however, the contributions of NE-derived pro-survival factors and anti-apoptosis to this phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Here, we utilized conditioned-medium (CM) from LNCaP cells, engineered to undergo NE differentiation, and examined its effects on PC3 and LNCaP cell survival. RESULTS Statistically significant changes in clonogenic survival, Annexin V staining, PARP cleavage and trypan blue positivity of approximately twofold were observed in the presence of NE-derived CM relative to control-CM for both LNCaP and PC3 cells. These changes were partially abrogated by antagonists of the neuropeptides neurotensin, bombesin, and PTHrP. Selective inhibitors of IGF-1R, EGFR or Src caused significant and nearly complete blockade of prostate cancer cell survival due to NE secretions. Similar increases in cell survival were observed for LNCaP or PC3 cells treated with NE-derived medium in the presence of docetaxel. Increased phosphorylation of IGF-1R, following treatment with NE-derived medium, was accompanied by decreased protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type F (PTPRF) mRNA, and protein levels. Overexpression of PTPRF decreased cell survival, the amplitude and duration of IGF-1R phosphorylation, and enhanced PARP cleavage in the presence of NE-derived medium. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that NE-derived factors act upon prostate cancer cells to stimulate pro-survival signaling and describe a novel mechanism of cross-talk between NE-derived factors and IGF-1R, mediated in part by PTPRF.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/physiology
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. DaSilva
- Departments of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - George P. Amorino
- Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Eli V. Casarez
- Departments of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Bradley Pemberton
- Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Sarah J. Parsons
- Departments of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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47
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Sun PH, Ye L, Mason MD, Jiang WG. Protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa (PTPRK) is a negative regulator of adhesion and invasion of breast cancer cells, and associates with poor prognosis of breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1129-39. [PMID: 23552869 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa (PTPRK) has been shown to exhibit homophilic binding. It is a putative tumour suppressor in primary central nervous system lymphomas and colorectal cancer. The present study investigated the expression of PTPRK in breast cancer and the biological impact of PTPRK on breast cancer cells. METHODS Expression of PTPRK protein and gene transcript was examined in a cohort of breast cancer patients. The association of PTPRK transcript level and pathological and clinical aspects was then analysed. Knockdown of PTPRK in breast cancer cells was performed using a specific anti-PTPRK transgene. The impact of PTPRK knockdown on breast cancer cells was investigated using in vitro cell function assays. RESULTS Lower levels of PTPRK transcripts were seen in the advanced breast cancer. The reduced PTPRK transcript levels were associated with poor prognosis of the disease. PTPRK transcript levels were decreased in the primary tumours of patients who died from breast cancer or had metastases. Patients with lower expression of PTPRK had shorter survival compared with those higher expression levels of PTPRK. Knockdown of PTPRK resulted in increased proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of PTPRK in breast cancer is correlated with poor prognosis. PTPRK is a negative regulator of adhesion, invasion, migration, and proliferation of breast cancer cells. This suggests that PTPRK is a potential tumour suppressor in breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hui Sun
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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48
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Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Bakhtiyari S, Golestani A, Meshkani R. Leukocyte antigen-related inhibition attenuates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in muscle cells. J Endocrinol 2012; 215:71-7. [PMID: 22899729 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Palmitate has been shown to induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) gene in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 cells. A stable C2C12 cell line was generated using LAR short hairpin RNA. The levels of LAR protein and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and Akt were detected by western blot analysis. 2-Deoxyglucose uptake was measured in LAR knockdown and control cells using d-[2-(3)H]glucose. LAR protein level was decreased by 65% in the stable cell line compared with the control cells. Palmitate (0.5 mM) significantly induced LAR mRNA (65%) and protein levels (40%) in myotubes compared with untreated cells. Palmitate significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both the control and LAR knockdown cells by 33 and 51% respectively. However, LAR depletion improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myotubes treated with palmitate. Furthermore, the inhibition of LAR prevented palmitate-induced decreases in phosphorylation of IRS1(Tyr632) and Akt(Ser473) in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, these results reveal that palmitate induces LAR expression in C2C12 cells. We also provided evidence that the inhibition of LAR attenuates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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49
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Cohen S, Shoshana OY, Zelman-Toister E, Maharshak N, Binsky-Ehrenreich I, Gordin M, Hazan-Halevy I, Herishanu Y, Shvidel L, Haran M, Leng L, Bucala R, Harroch S, Shachar I. The cytokine midkine and its receptor RPTPζ regulate B cell survival in a pathway induced by CD74. J Immunol 2012; 188:259-69. [PMID: 22140262 PMCID: PMC3244541 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lasting B cell persistence depends on survival signals that are transduced by cell surface receptors. In this study, we describe a novel biological mechanism essential for survival and homeostasis of normal peripheral mature B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, regulated by the heparin-binding cytokine, midkine (MK), and its proteoglycan receptor, the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ). We demonstrate that MK initiates a signaling cascade leading to B cell survival by binding to RPTPζ. In mice lacking PTPRZ, the proportion and number of the mature B cell population are reduced. Our results emphasize a unique and critical function for MK signaling in the previously described MIF/CD74-induced survival pathway. Stimulation of CD74 with MIF leads to c-Met activation, resulting in elevation of MK expression in both normal mouse splenic B and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Our results indicate that MK and RPTPζ are important regulators of the B cell repertoire. These findings could pave the way toward understanding the mechanisms shaping B cell survival and suggest novel therapeutic strategies based on the blockade of the MK/RPTPζ-dependent survival pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Midkine
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/immunology
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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50
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Hou L, Wang J, Zhou Y, Li J, Zang Y, Li J. Structural insights into the homology and differences between mouse protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma and human protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:977-88. [PMID: 22027896 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP-sigma (PTPσ) plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and nerve regeneration. Although cumulative studies about the function of PTPσ have been reported, yet limited data have been reported about the crystal structure and in vitro activity of mouse PTPσ. Here we report the crystal structure of mouse PTPσ tandem phosphatase domains at 2.4 Å resolution. Then we compared the crystal structure of mouse PTPσ with human PTPσ and found that they are very similar, superimposing with a root mean square deviation of 0.45 Å for 517 equivalent Cα atoms. But some residues in mouse PTPσ form loops while corresponding residues in human PTPσ form β-sheets or α-helices. Furthermore, we also compared in vitro activities of mouse PTPσ with human PTPσ and found that mouse PTPσ has 25-fold higher specific activity than human PTPσ does toward O-methyl fluorescein phosphate (OMFP) as the substrate. However, there is no significant activity difference between the mouse and the human enzyme detected with p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) as the substrate. Mouse PTPσ and human PTPσ have different substrate specificities toward OMFP and pNPP as substrates. This work gives clues for further study of PTPσ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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