1
|
Gao W, Jiang Y, Yang X, Li T, Zhang L, Yan S, Cao J, Lu J, Ma C, Chang C, Zhang H. Functional analysis of a wheat class III peroxidase gene, TaPer12-3A, in seed dormancy and germination. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:318. [PMID: 38654190 PMCID: PMC11040755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III peroxidases (PODs) perform crucial functions in various developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their roles in wheat seed dormancy (SD) and germination remain elusive. RESULTS Here, we identified a wheat class III POD gene, named TaPer12-3A, based on transcriptome data and expression analysis. TaPer12-3A showed decreasing and increasing expression trends with SD acquisition and release, respectively. It was highly expressed in wheat seeds and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. Germination tests were performed using the transgenic Arabidopsis and rice lines as well as wheat mutant mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in Jing 411 (J411) background. These results indicated that TaPer12-3A negatively regulated SD and positively mediated germination. Further studies showed that TaPer12-3A maintained H2O2 homeostasis by scavenging excess H2O2 and participated in the biosynthesis and catabolism pathways of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid to regulate SD and germination. CONCLUSION These findings not only provide new insights for future functional analysis of TaPer12-3A in regulating wheat SD and germination but also provide a target gene for breeding wheat varieties with high pre-harvest sprouting resistance by gene editing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yating Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Haiping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang R, Yu M, Zhao X, Xia J, Cang J, Zhang D. Overexpression of TaMPK3 enhances freezing tolerance by increasing the expression of ICE-CBF-COR related genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana. Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23144. [PMID: 38669459 DOI: 10.1071/fp23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant stress response. As a major member of the MAPK family, MPK3 has been reported to participate in the regulation of chilling stress. However, the regulatory function of wheat (Triticum aestivum ) mitogen-activated protein kinase TaMPK3 in freezing tolerance remains unknown. Dongnongdongmai No.1 (Dn1) is a winter wheat variety with strong freezing tolerance; therefore, it is important to explore the mechanisms underlying this tolerance. In this study, the expression of TaMPK3 in Dn1 was detected under low temperature and hormone treatment. Gene cloning, bioinformatics and subcellular localisation analyses of TaMPK3 in Dn1 were performed. Overexpressed TaMPK3 in Arabidopsis thaliana was obtained, and freezing tolerance phenotype observations, physiological indices and expression levels of ICE-C-repeat binding factor (CBF)-COR -related genes were determined. In addition, the interaction between TaMPK3 and TaICE41 proteins was detected. We found that TaMPK3 expression responds to low temperatures and hormones, and the TaMPK3 protein is localised in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overexpression of TaMPK3 in Arabidopsis significantly improves freezing tolerance. TaMPK3 interacts with the TaICE41 protein. In conclusion, TaMPK3 is involved in regulating the ICE-CBF-COR cold resistance module through its interaction with TaICE41, thereby improving freezing tolerance in Dn1 wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingqiu Xia
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Cang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Da Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang T, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Ni Y, Zhang P, Yao Z, Jiao Z, Li H, Li L, Niu Y, Li Q, Yin G, Niu J. Wheat gibberellin oxidase genes and their functions in regulating tillering. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15924. [PMID: 37671358 PMCID: PMC10476609 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic factors control tillering, a key agronomy trait for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Previously, we reported a dwarf-monoculm mutant (dmc) derived from wheat cultivar Guomai 301, and found that the contents of gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) in the tiller primordia of dmc were significantly higher. Transcriptome analysis indicated that some wheat gibberellin oxidase (TaGAox) genes TaGA20ox-A2, TaGA20ox-B2, TaGA3ox-A2, TaGA20ox-A4, TaGA2ox-A10 and TaGA2ox-B10 were differentially expressed in dmc. Therefore, this study systematically analyzed the roles of gibberellin oxidase genes during wheat tillering. A total of 63 TaGAox genes were identified by whole genome analysis. The TaGAoxs were clustered to four subfamilies, GA20oxs, GA2oxs, GA3oxs and GA7oxs, including seven subgroups based on their protein structures. The promoter regions of TaGAox genes contain a large number of cis-acting elements closely related to hormone, plant growth and development, light, and abiotic stress responses. Segmental duplication events played a major role in TaGAoxs expansion. Compared to Arabidopsis, the gene collinearity degrees of the GAoxs were significantly higher among wheat, rice and maize. TaGAox genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns. The expressions of TaGAox genes (TaGA20ox-B2, TaGA7ox-A1, TaGA2ox10 and TaGA3ox-A2) were significantly affected by exogenous GA3 applications, which also significantly promoted tillering of Guomai 301, but didn't promote dmc. TaGA7ox-A1 overexpression transgenic wheat lines were obtained by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Genomic PCR and first-generation sequencing demonstrated that the gene was integrated into the wheat genome. Association analysis of TaGA7ox-A1 expression level and tiller number per plant demonstrated that the tillering capacities of some TaGA7ox-A1 transgenic lines were increased. These data demonstrated that some TaGAoxs as well as GA signaling were involved in regulating wheat tillering, but the GA signaling pathway was disturbed in dmc. This study provided valuable clues for functional characterization of GAox genes in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongjing Ni
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Wheat Spring Freeze Injury Identification, Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu, Henan, China, Shangqiu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhixin Jiao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yufan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guihong Yin
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaudhary J, Gautam T, Gahlaut V, Singh K, Kumar S, Batra R, Gupta PK. Identification and characterization of RuvBL DNA helicase genes for tolerance against abiotic stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and related species. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:255. [PMID: 37498392 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Recombination UVB (sensitivity) like (RuvBL) helicase genes represent a conserved family of genes, which are known to be involved in providing tolerance against abiotic stresses like heat and drought. We identified nine wheat RuvBL genes, one each on nine different chromosomes, belonging to homoeologous groups 2, 3, and 4. The lengths of genes ranged from 1647 to 2197 bp and exhibited synteny with corresponding genes in related species including Ae. tauschii, Z. mays, O. sativa, H. vulgare, and B. distachyon. The gene sequences were associated with regulatory cis-elements and transposable elements. Two genes, namely TaRuvBL1a-4A and TaRuvBL1a-4B, also carried targets for a widely known miRNA, tae-miR164. Gene ontology revealed that these genes were closely associated with ATP-dependent formation of histone acetyltransferase complex. Analysis of the structure and function of RuvBL proteins revealed that the proteins were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. A representative gene, namely TaRuvBL1a-4A, was also shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions with ten other proteins. On the basis of phylogeny, RuvBL proteins were placed in two sub-divisions, namely RuvBL1 and RuvBL2, which were further classified into clusters and sub-clusters. In silico studies suggested that these genes were differentially expressed under heat/drought. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression of TaRuvBL genes differed among wheat cultivars, which differed in the level of thermotolerance. The present study advances our understanding of the biological role of wheat RuvBL genes and should help in planning future studies on RuvBL genes in wheat including use of RuvBL genes in breeding thermotolerant wheat cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chaudhary
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, 250004, Meerut, India
| | - Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, 250004, Meerut, India
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, 250004, Meerut, India
| | - Ritu Batra
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, 250004, Meerut, India
- IIMT University, 'O' Pocket, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, 250004, Meerut, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohi Ud Din A, Mao HT, Khan A, Raza MA, Ahmed M, Yuan M, Zhang ZW, Yuan S, Zhang HY, Liu ZH, Su YQ, Chen YE. Photosystems and antioxidative system of rye, wheat and triticale under Pb stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114356. [PMID: 36508799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) pollution in the soil sub-ecosystem has been a continuously growing problem due to economic development and ever-increasing anthropogenic activities across the world. In this study, the photosynthetic performance and antioxidant capacity of Triticeae cereals (rye, wheat and triticale) were compared to assess the activities of antioxidants, the degree of oxidative damage, photochemical efficiency and the levels of photosynthetic proteins under Pb stress (0.5 mM, 1 mM and 2 mM Pb (NO3)2). Compared with triticale, Pb treatments imposed severe oxidative damage in rye and wheat. In addition, the highest activity of major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and GPX) was also found to be elevated. Triticale accumulated the highest Pb contents in roots. The concentration of mineral ions (Mg, Ca, and K) was also high in its leaves, compared with rye and wheat. Consistently, triticale showed higher photosynthetic activity under Pb stress. Immunoblotting of proteins revealed that rye and wheat have significantly lower levels of D1 (photosystem II subunit A, PsbA) and D2 (photosystem II subunit D, PsbD) proteins, while no obvious decrease was noticed in triticale. The amount of light-harvesting complex II b6 (Lhcb6; CP24) and light-harvesting complex II b5 (Lhcb5; CP26) was significantly increased in rye and wheat. However, the increase in PsbS (photosystem II subunit S) protein only occurred in wheat and triticale exposed to Pb treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that triticale shows higher antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic efficiency than wheat and rye under Pb stress, suggesting that triticale has high tolerance to Pb and could be used as a heavy metal-tolerant plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atta Mohi Ud Din
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Ya'an, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hao-Tian Mao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Ya'an, China
| | - Ahsin Khan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Ya'an, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Ya'an, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Ya'an, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Su
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Ya'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vogt S, Feijs K, Hosch S, De Masi R, Lintermann R, Loll B, Wirthmueller L. The superior salinity tolerance of bread wheat cultivar Shanrong No. 3 is unlikely to be caused by elevated Ta-sro1 poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Plant Cell 2022; 34:4130-4137. [PMID: 35980152 PMCID: PMC9614482 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Structural and biochemical analyses demonstrate that the elevated salinity tolerance of bread wheat cultivar Shanrong No. 3 is unlikely to be caused by elevated Ta-sro1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vogt
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Karla Feijs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hosch
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Raffaella De Masi
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ruth Lintermann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu H, Sun Z, Hu L, Yue Z. Genome-wide identification of PIP5K in wheat and its relationship with anther male sterility induced by high temperature. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:598. [PMID: 34915841 PMCID: PMC8675513 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) plays a key enzyme role in the inositol signal transduction system and has essential functions in plants in terms of growth, development, and stress responses. However, systematic studies on the wheat PIP5K gene family and its relation to male sterility have not been reported yet. RESULTS Sixty-four TaPIP5K genes were identified. The TaPIP5K genes contained similar gene structures and conserved motifs on the same branches of the evolutionary tree, and their cis-regulatory elements were related to MeJA-responsiveness. Furthermore, 49 pairs of collinearity genes were identified and mainly subjected to purification selection during evolution. Synteny analyses showed that some PIP5K genes in wheat and the other four species shared a relatively conserved evolutionary process. The expression levels of many conservative TaPIP5K genes in HT-ms anthers were significantly lower than that in Normal anthers. In addition, HT-ms anthers have no dehiscence, and levels of OPDA and JA-ILE are significantly lower at the trinucleus stage. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the PIP5K gene family may be associated with male sterility induced by HT, and the reduction of JA-ILE levels and the abnormal levels of these genes expression may be one reason for the HT-ms anthers having no dehiscence, ultimately leading to the abortion of the anthers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan Province, P.R. China.
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan Province, P.R. China.
| | - Lizong Hu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Z, Guan H, Liu C, Zhang Z, Geng S, Qin M, Li W, Shi X, Dai Z, Lei Z, Wu Z, Tian B, Hou J. Identification of genomic regions affecting grain peroxidase activity in bread wheat using genome-wide association study. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:523. [PMID: 34758752 PMCID: PMC8579651 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxidase (POD) activity plays an important role in flour-based product quality, which is mainly associated with browning and bleaching effects of flour. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on POD activity using an association population consisted with 207 wheat world-wide collected varieties. Our study also provide basis for the genetic improvement of flour color-based quality in wheat. RESULTS Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected associated with POD activity, explaining 5.59-12.67% of phenotypic variation. Superior alleles were positively correlated with POD activity. In addition, two SNPs were successfully developed to KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) markers. Two POD genes, TraesCS2B02G615700 and TraesCS2D02G583000, were aligned near the QTLs flanking genomic regions, but only TraesCS2D02G583000 displayed significant divergent expression levels (P < 0.001) between high and low POD activity varieties in the investigated association population. Therefore, it was deduced to be a candidate gene. The expression level of TraesCS2D02G583000 was assigned as a phenotype for expression GWAS (eGWAS) to screen regulatory elements. In total, 505 significant SNPs on 20 chromosomes (excluding 4D) were detected, and 9 of them located within 1 Mb interval of TraesCS2D02G583000. CONCLUSIONS To identify genetic loci affecting POD activity in wheat grain, we conducted GWAS on POD activity and the candidate gene TraesCS2D02G583000 expression. Finally, 20 QTLs were detected for POD activity, whereas two QTLs associated SNPs were converted to KASP markers that could be used for marker-assisted breeding. Both cis- and trans-acting elements were revealed by eGWAS of TraesCS2D02G583000 expression. The present study provides genetic loci for improving POD activity across wide genetic backgrounds and largely improved the selection efficiency for breeding in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Zhou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Agronomy college, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Huiyue Guan
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Agronomy college, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Shenghui Geng
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Agronomy college, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Maomao Qin
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Wenxu Li
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xia Shi
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Ziju Dai
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Agronomy college, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Agronomy college, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Agronomy college, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jinna Hou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Postgraduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng JL, Zhang J, Yang J, Zou LP, Fang TT, Xu HL, Cai QN. Exogenous salicylic acid improves resistance of aphid-susceptible wheat to the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Bull Entomol Res 2021; 111:544-552. [PMID: 33814021 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA), a phytohormone, has been considered to be a key regulator mediating plant defence against pathogens. It is still vague how SA activates plant defence against herbivores such as chewing and sucking pests. Here, we used an aphid-susceptible wheat variety to investigate Sitobion avenae response to SA-induced wheat plants, and the effects of exogenous SA on some defence enzymes and phenolics in the plant immune system. In SA-treated wheat seedlings, intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), fecundity and apterous rate of S. avenae were 0.25, 31.4 nymphs/female and 64.4%, respectively, and significantly lower than that in the controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, the increased activities of phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase in the SA-induced seedlings obviously depended on the sampling time, whereas activities of catalase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase were suppressed significantly at 24, 48 and 72 h in comparison with the control. Dynamic levels of p-coumaric acid at 96 h, caffeic acid at 24 and 72 h and chlorogenic acid at 24, 48 and 96 h in wheat plants were significantly upregulated by exogenous SA application. Nevertheless, only caffeic acid content was positively correlated with PPO activity in SA-treated wheat seedlings (P = 0.031). These findings indicate that exogenous SA significantly enhanced the defence of aphid-susceptible wheat variety against aphids by regulating the plant immune system, and may prove a potential application of SA in aphid control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lu Feng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling-Ping Zou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting-Ting Fang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan-Li Xu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing-Nian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions result in disease development in a susceptible host. Plants actively resist pathogens via a complex immune system comprising both surface-localized receptors that sense the extracellular space as well as intracellular receptors recognizing pathogen effectors. To date, the majority of cloned resistance genes encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor proteins. Recent discoveries have revealed tandem kinase proteins (TKPs) as another important family of intracellular proteins involved in plant immune responses. Five TKP genes-barley Rpg1 and wheat WTK1 (Yr15), WTK2 (Sr60), WTK3 (Pm24), and WTK4-protect against devastating fungal diseases. Moreover, a large diversity and numerous putative TKPs exist across the plant kingdom. This review explores our current knowledge of TKPs and serves as a basis for future studies that aim to develop and exploit a deeper understanding of innate plant immunity receptor proteins.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Klymiuk
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences,
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California,
Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi
Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology,
University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences,
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bradai M, Amorim-Silva V, Belgaroui N, Esteban del Valle A, Chabouté ME, Schmit AC, Lozano-Duran R, Botella MA, Hanin M, Ebel C. Wheat Type One Protein Phosphatase Participates in the Brassinosteroid Control of Root Growth via Activation of BES1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910424. [PMID: 34638765 PMCID: PMC8508605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in diverse plant growth processes through a complex signaling pathway. Components orchestrating the BR signaling pathway include receptors such as kinases, transcription factors, protein kinases and phosphatases. The proper functioning of the receptor kinase BRI1 and the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 depends on their dephosphorylation by type 2A protein phosphatases (PP2A). In this work, we report that an additional phosphatase family, type one protein phosphatases (PP1), contributes to the regulation of the BR signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and BiFC experiments performed in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing durum wheat TdPP1 showed that TdPP1 interacts with dephosphorylated BES1, but not with the BRI1 receptor. Higher levels of dephosphorylated, active BES1 were observed in these transgenic lines upon BR treatment, indicating that TdPP1 modifies the BR signaling pathway by activating BES1. Moreover, ectopic expression of durum wheat TdPP1 lead to an enhanced growth of primary roots in comparison to wild-type plants in presence of BR. This phenotype corroborates with a down-regulation of the BR-regulated genes CPD and DWF4. These data suggest a role of PP1 in fine-tuning BR-driven responses, most likely via the control of the phosphorylation status of BES1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Bradai
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1177”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Vitor Amorim-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Nibras Belgaroui
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Alicia Esteban del Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.C.); (A.-C.S.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Schmit
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.C.); (A.-C.S.)
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Miguel Angel Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+216-74-871-816
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roodt D. Worth its salt: a histone acetyltransferase gene enhances salt tolerance in bread wheat. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1752-1753. [PMID: 34618119 PMCID: PMC8331160 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Roodt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng M, Lin J, Liu X, Chu W, Li J, Gao Y, An K, Song W, Xin M, Yao Y, Peng H, Ni Z, Sun Q, Hu Z. Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1951-1969. [PMID: 33890670 PMCID: PMC8331135 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy occurs prevalently and plays an important role during plant speciation and evolution. This phenomenon suggests polyploidy could develop novel features that enable them to adapt wider range of environmental conditions compared with diploid progenitors. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., BBAADD) is a typical allohexaploid species and generally exhibits greater salt tolerance than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (BBAA). However, little is known about the underlying molecular basis and the regulatory pathway of this trait. Here, we show that the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Salinity-induced TaHAG1 expression was associated with tolerance variation in polyploidy wheat. Overexpression, silencing, and CRISPR-mediated knockout of TaHAG1 validated the role of TaHAG1 in salinity tolerance of wheat. TaHAG1 contributed to salt tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and signal specificity. Moreover, TaHAG1 directly targeted a subset of genes that are responsible for hydrogen peroxide production, and enrichment of TaHAG1 triggered increased H3 acetylation and transcriptional upregulation of these loci under salt stress. In addition, we found the salinity-induced TaHAG1-mediated ROS production pathway is involved in salt tolerance difference of wheat accessions with varying ploidy. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of how an epigenetic regulatory factor facilitates adaptability of polyploidy wheat and highlights this epigenetic modulator as a strategy for salt tolerance breeding in bread wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingchen Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingbei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yujiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Kexin An
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wanjun Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi B, Wang J, Gao H, Yang Q, Wang Y, Day B, Ma Q. The small GTP-binding protein TaRop10 interacts with TaTrxh9 and functions as a negative regulator of wheat resistance against the stripe rust. Plant Sci 2021; 309:110937. [PMID: 34134844 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins, also known as ROPs (Rho of Plants), are a subfamily of the Ras superfamily of signaling G-proteins and are required for numerous signaling processes, ranging from growth and development to biotic and abiotic signaling. In this study, we cloned and characterized wheat TaRop10, a homolog of Arabidopsis ROP10 and member of the class II ROP, and uncovered a role for TaRop10 in wheat response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). TaRop10 was downregulated by actin depolymerization and was observed to be differentially induced by abiotic stress and the perception of plant hormones. A combination of yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that TaRop10 interacted with a h-type thioredoxin (TaTrxh9). Knocking-down of TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 was performed using the BSMV-VIGS (barley stripe mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing) technique and revealed that TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 play a role in the negative regulation of defense signaling in response to Pst infection. In total, the data presented herein further illuminate our understanding of how intact plant cells accommodate fungal infection structures, and furthermore, support the function of TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 in negative modulation of defense signaling in response to stripe rust infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Corredor-Moreno P, Minter F, Davey PE, Wegel E, Kular B, Brett P, Lewis CM, Morgan YML, Macías Pérez LA, Korolev AV, Hill L, Saunders DGO. The branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase TaBCAT1 modulates amino acid metabolism and positively regulates wheat rust susceptibility. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1728-1747. [PMID: 33565586 PMCID: PMC8254495 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens suppress defense responses to evade recognition and promote successful colonization. Although identifying the genes essential for pathogen ingress has traditionally relied on screening mutant populations, the post-genomic era provides an opportunity to develop novel approaches that accelerate identification. Here, RNA-seq analysis of 68 pathogen-infected bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties, including three (Oakley, Solstice and Santiago) with variable levels of susceptibility, uncovered a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (termed TaBCAT1) as a positive regulator of wheat rust susceptibility. We show that TaBCAT1 is required for yellow and stem rust infection and likely functions in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, as TaBCAT1 disruption mutants had elevated BCAA levels. TaBCAT1 mutants also exhibited increased levels of salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced expression of associated defense genes, indicating that BCAA regulation, via TaBCAT1, has a key role in SA-dependent defense activation. We also identified an association between the levels of BCAAs and resistance to yellow rust infection in wheat. These findings provide insight into SA-mediated defense responses in wheat and highlight the role of BCAA metabolism in the defense response. Furthermore, TaBCAT1 could be manipulated to potentially provide resistance to two of the most economically damaging diseases of wheat worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Wegel
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Baldeep Kular
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul Brett
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Clare M Lewis
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Luis A Macías Pérez
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, College de France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Diane G O Saunders
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Author for correspondence: (D.G.O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oddy J, Alarcón-Reverte R, Wilkinson M, Ravet K, Raffan S, Minter A, Mead A, Elmore JS, de Almeida IM, Cryer NC, Halford NG, Pearce S. Reduced free asparagine in wheat grain resulting from a natural deletion of TaASN-B2: investigating and exploiting diversity in the asparagine synthetase gene family to improve wheat quality. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:302. [PMID: 34187359 PMCID: PMC8240372 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the determinants of free asparagine concentration in wheat grain is necessary to reduce levels of the processing contaminant acrylamide in baked and toasted wheat products. Although crop management strategies can help reduce asparagine concentrations, breeders have limited options to select for genetic variation underlying this trait. Asparagine synthetase enzymes catalyse a critical step in asparagine biosynthesis in plants and, in wheat, are encoded by five homeologous gene triads that exhibit distinct expression profiles. Within this family, TaASN2 genes are highly expressed during grain development but TaASN-B2 is absent in some varieties. RESULTS Natural genetic diversity in the asparagine synthetase gene family was assessed in different wheat varieties revealing instances of presence/absence variation and other polymorphisms, including some predicted to affect the function of the encoded protein. The presence and absence of TaASN-B2 was determined across a range of UK and global common wheat varieties and related species, showing that the deletion encompassing this gene was already present in some wild emmer wheat genotypes. Expression profiling confirmed that TaASN2 transcripts were only detectable in the grain, while TaASN3.1 genes were highly expressed during the early stages of grain development. TaASN-A2 was the most highly expressed TaASN2 homeologue in most assayed wheat varieties. TaASN-B2 and TaASN-D2 were expressed at similar, lower levels in varieties possessing TaASN-B2. Expression of TaASN-A2 and TaASN-D2 did not increase to compensate for the absence of TaASN-B2, so total TaASN2 expression was lower in varieties lacking TaASN-B2. Consequently, free asparagine concentrations in field-produced grain were, on average, lower in varieties lacking TaASN-B2, although the effect was lost when free asparagine accumulated to very high concentrations as a result of sulphur deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Selecting wheat genotypes lacking the TaASN-B2 gene may be a simple and rapid way for breeders to reduce free asparagine concentrations in commercial wheat grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Oddy
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Rocío Alarcón-Reverte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Karl Ravet
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sarah Raffan
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Andrea Minter
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J. Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ UK
| | | | - Nicholas C. Cryer
- Mondelēz UK R&D Ltd, Bournville Lane, Bournville, Birmingham, B30 2LU UK
| | - Nigel G. Halford
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seven M, Derman ÜC, Harvey AJ. Enzymatic characterization of ancestral/group-IV clade xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase enzymes reveals broad substrate specificities. Plant J 2021; 106:1660-1673. [PMID: 33825243 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) enzymes play important roles in cell wall remodelling. Although previous studies have shown a pathway of evolution for XTH genes from bacterial licheninases, through plant endoglucanases (EG16), the order of development within the phylogenetic clades of true XTHs is yet to be elucidated. In addition, recent studies have revealed interesting and potentially useful patterns of transglycosylation beyond the standard xyloglucan-xyloglucan donor/acceptor substrate activities. To study evolutionary relationships and to search for enzymes with useful broad substrate specificities, genes from the 'ancestral' XTH clade of two monocots, Brachypodium distachyon and Triticum aestivum, and two eudicots, Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus tremula, were investigated. Specific activities of the heterologously produced enzymes showed remarkably broad substrate specificities. All the enzymes studied had high activity with the cellulose analogue HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) as well as with mixed-link β-glucan as donor substrates, when compared with the standard xyloglucan. Even more surprising was the wide range of acceptor substrates that these enzymes were able to catalyse reactions with, opening a broad range of possible roles for these enzymes, both within plants and in industrial, pharmaceutical and medical fields. Genome screening and expression analyses unexpectedly revealed that genes from this clade were found only in angiosperm genomes and were predominantly or solely expressed in reproductive tissues. We therefore posit that this phylogenetic group is significantly different and should be renamed as the group-IV clade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Seven
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ü Cem Derman
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Andrew J Harvey
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schreier TB, Fahy B, David LC, Siddiqui H, Castells-Graells R, Smith AM. Introduction of glucan synthase into the cytosol in wheat endosperm causes massive maltose accumulation and represses starch synthesis. Plant J 2021; 106:1431-1442. [PMID: 33764607 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We expressed a bacterial glucan synthase (Agrobacterium GlgA) in the cytosol of developing endosperm cells in wheat grains, to discover whether it could generate a glucan from cytosolic ADP-glucose. Transgenic lines had high glucan synthase activity during grain filling, but did not accumulate glucan. Instead, grains accumulated very high concentrations of maltose. They had large volumes during development due to high water content, and very shrivelled grains at maturity. Starch synthesis was severely reduced. We propose that cytosolic glucan synthesized by the glucan synthase was immediately hydrolysed to maltose by cytosolic β-amylase(s). Maltose accumulation resulted in a high osmotic potential in developing grain, drawing in excess water that stretched the seed coat and pericarp. Loss of water during grain maturation then led to shrinkage when the grains matured. Maltose accumulation is likely to account for the reduced starch synthesis in transgenic grains, through signalling and toxic effects. Using bioinformatics, we identify an isoform of β-amylase likely to be responsible for maltose accumulation. Removal of this isoform through identification of TILLING mutants or genome editing, combined with co-expression of heterologous glucan synthase and a glucan branching enzyme, may in future enable elevated yields of carbohydrate through simultaneous accumulation of starch and cytosolic glucan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Schreier
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Brendan Fahy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Laure C David
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- ETH Department of Biology, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Hamad Siddiqui
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Germains Seed Technology, Lab 7, Centrum, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UG, UK
| | - Roger Castells-Graells
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alison M Smith
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qi H, Zhu X, Guo F, Lv L, Zhang Z. The Wall-Associated Receptor-Like Kinase TaWAK7D Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115629. [PMID: 34073183 PMCID: PMC8199179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a serious fungal disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Certain wall-associated receptor kinases (WAK) mediate resistance to diseases caused by biotrophic/hemibiotrophic pathogens in several plant species. Yet, none of wheat WAK genes with positive effect on the innate immune responses to R. cerealis has been reported. In this study, we identified a WAK gene TaWAK7D, located on chromosome 7D, and showed its positive regulatory role in the defense response to R. cerealis infection in wheat. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses showed that TaWAK7D transcript abundance was elevated in wheat after R. cerealis inoculation and the induction in the stem was the highest among the tested organs. Additionally, TaWAK7D transcript levels were significantly elevated by pectin and chitin treatments. The knock-down of TaWAK7D transcript impaired resistance to R. cerealis and repressed the expression of five pathogenesis-related genes in wheat. The green fluorescent protein signal distribution assays indicated that TaWAK7D localized on the plasma membrane in wheat protoplasts. Thus, TaWAK7D, which is induced by R. cerealis, pectin and chitin stimuli, positively participates in defense responses to R. cerealis through modulating the expression of several pathogenesis-related genes in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82108781
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oates NC, Abood A, Schirmacher AM, Alessi AM, Bird SM, Bennett JP, Leadbeater DR, Li Y, Dowle AA, Liu S, Tymokhin VI, Ralph J, McQueen-Mason SJ, Bruce NC. A multi-omics approach to lignocellulolytic enzyme discovery reveals a new ligninase activity from Parascedosporium putredinis NO1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2008888118. [PMID: 33903229 PMCID: PMC8106297 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008888118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose, the structural component of plant cells, is a major agricultural byproduct and the most abundant terrestrial source of biopolymers on Earth. The complex and insoluble nature of lignocellulose limits its conversion into value-added commodities, and currently, efficient transformation requires expensive pretreatments and high loadings of enzymes. Here, we report on a fungus from the Parascedosporium genus, isolated from a wheat-straw composting community, that secretes a large and diverse array of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) when grown on lignocellulosic substrates. We describe an oxidase activity that cleaves the major β-ether units in lignin, thereby releasing the flavonoid tricin from monocot lignin and enhancing the digestion of lignocellulose by polysaccharidase mixtures. We show that the enzyme, which holds potential for the biorefining industry, is widely distributed among lignocellulose-degrading fungi from the Sordariomycetes phylum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Oates
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Amira Abood
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Schirmacher
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Alessi
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah M Bird
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P Bennett
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Leadbeater
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adam A Dowle
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Vitaliy I Tymokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Simon J McQueen-Mason
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Bruce
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perdomo JA, Buchner P, Carmo-Silva E. The relative abundance of wheat Rubisco activase isoforms is post-transcriptionally regulated. Photosynth Res 2021; 148:47-56. [PMID: 33796933 PMCID: PMC8154801 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal rhythms and light availability affect transcription-translation feedback loops that regulate the synthesis of photosynthetic proteins. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is the most abundant protein in the leaves of major crop species and its activity depends on interaction with the molecular chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca). In Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), three Rca isoforms are present that differ in their regulatory properties. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the relative abundance of the redox-sensitive and redox-insensitive Rca isoforms could be differentially regulated throughout light-dark diel cycle in wheat. While TaRca1-β expression was consistently negligible throughout the day, transcript levels of both TaRca2-β and TaRca2-α were higher and increased at the start of the day, with peak levels occurring at the middle of the photoperiod. Abundance of TaRca-β protein was maximal 1.5 h after the peak in TaRca2-β expression, but the abundance of TaRca-α remained constant during the entire photoperiod. The redox-sensitive TaRca-α isoform was less abundant, representing 85% of the redox-insensitive TaRca-β at the transcript level and 12.5% at the protein level. Expression of Rubisco large and small subunit genes did not show a consistent pattern throughout the diel cycle, but the abundance of Rubisco decreased by up to 20% during the dark period in fully expanded wheat leaves. These results, combined with a lack of correlation between transcript and protein abundance for both Rca isoforms and Rubisco throughout the entire diel cycle, suggest that the abundance of these photosynthetic enzymes is post-transcriptionally regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Buchner
- Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moorman VR, Brayton AM. Identification of individual components of a commercial wheat germ acid phosphatase preparation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248717. [PMID: 33750963 PMCID: PMC7984616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ acid phosphatase (WGAP) is a commercial preparation of partially purified protein commonly used in laboratory settings for non-specific enzymatic dephosphorylation. It is known that these preparations contain multiple phosphatase isozymes and are still relatively crude. This study therefore aimed to identify the protein components of a commercial preparation of wheat germ acid phosphatase using mass spectroscopy and comparative genomics. After one post-purchase purification step, the most prevalent fifteen proteins in the mixture included heat shock proteins, beta-amylases, glucoseribitol dehydrogenases, enolases, and an aminopeptidase. While not among the most abundant components, eight unique dephosphorylation enzymes were also present including three purple acid phosphatases. Furthermore, it is shown that some of these correspond to previously isolated isozymes; one of which has been also previously shown by transcriptome data to be overexpressed in wheat seeds. In summary, this study identified the major components of WGAP including phosphatases and hypothesizes the most active components towards a better understanding of this commonly used laboratory tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R. Moorman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Brayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sánchez-Martín J, Widrig V, Herren G, Wicker T, Zbinden H, Gronnier J, Spörri L, Praz CR, Heuberger M, Kolodziej MC, Isaksson J, Steuernagel B, Karafiátová M, Doležel J, Zipfel C, Keller B. Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins. Nat Plants 2021; 7:327-341. [PMID: 33707738 PMCID: PMC7610370 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop breeding for resistance to pathogens largely relies on genes encoding receptors that confer race-specific immunity. Here, we report the identification of the wheat Pm4 race-specific resistance gene to powdery mildew. Pm4 encodes a putative chimeric protein of a serine/threonine kinase and multiple C2 domains and transmembrane regions, a unique domain architecture among known resistance proteins. Pm4 undergoes constitutive alternative splicing, generating two isoforms with different protein domain topologies that are both essential for resistance function. Both isoforms interact and localize to the endoplasmatic reticulum when co-expressed. Pm4 reveals additional diversity of immune receptor architecture to be explored for breeding and suggests an endoplasmatic reticulum-based molecular mechanism of Pm4-mediated race-specific resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Victoria Widrig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Herren
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurin Spörri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coraline R Praz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Matthias Heuberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus C Kolodziej
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Isaksson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Satti SH, Raja NI, Javed B, Akram A, Mashwani ZUR, Ahmad MS, Ikram M. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles elicited agro-morphological and physicochemical modifications in wheat plants to control Bipolaris sorokiniana. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246880. [PMID: 33571310 PMCID: PMC7877615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study involves the biogenesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by using Moringa oleifera Lam. aqueous leaf extract for the reduction of titanium dioxide salt into TiO2 nanoparticles. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were observed by using the UV-visible spectrophotometry, SEM, EDX and XRD analytical methods. It was confirmed that the nanoparticles are crystalline and exist in the size range of 10-100 nm. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O-H (hydrogen bonding), N-H (amide), C-C (alkanes) and C-I (Iodo-stretch) functional groups responsible for the stabilization of nanoparticles. Various concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L) of TiO2 NPs were applied exogenously on wheat plants infected with a fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana responsible to cause spot blotch disease at different time intervals. The measurement of disease incidence and percent disease index showed the time-dependent response and 40 mg/L was reported a stable concentration of TiO2 NPs to reduce the disease severity. The effects of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were also evaluated for agro-morphological (leaf and root surface area, plant fresh and dry weight and yield parameters), physiological (relative water content, membrane stability index and chlorophyll content) and non-enzymatic metabolites (soluble sugar, protein, soluble phenol and flavonoid content) in wheat plants under biotic stress and 40 mg/L concentration of TiO2 NPs was found to be effective to elicit modifications to reduce biotic stress. The current study highlights the significant role of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs in controlling fungal diseases of wheat plants and thus ultimately improving the quality and yield of wheat plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Hassan Satti
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Javed
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abida Akram
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schoen A, Joshi A, Tiwari V, Gill BS, Rawat N. Triple null mutations in starch synthase SSIIa gene homoeologs lead to high amylose and resistant starch in hexaploid wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:74. [PMID: 33535983 PMCID: PMC7860177 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of nutritionally appropriate foods is one of the leading causes of obesity in the US and worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) provides 20% of the calories consumed daily across the globe. The nutrients in the wheat grain come primarily from the starch composed of amylose and amylopectin. Resistant starch content, which is known to have significant human health benefits, can be increased by modifying starch synthesis pathways. Starch synthase enzyme SSIIa, also known as starch granule protein isoform-1 (SGP-1), is integral to the biosynthesis of the branched and readily digestible glucose polymer amylopectin. The goal of this work was to develop a triple null mutant genotype for SSIIa locus in the elite hard red winter wheat variety 'Jagger' and evaluate the effect of the knock-out mutations on resistant starch content in grains with respect to wild type. RESULTS Knock-out mutations in SSIIa in the three genomes of wheat variety 'Jagger' were identified using TILLING. Subsequently, these loss-of function mutations on A, B, and D genomes were combined by crossing to generate a triple knockout mutant genotype Jag-ssiia-∆ABD. The Jag-ssiia-∆ABD had an amylose content of 35.70% compared to 31.15% in Jagger, leading to ~ 118% increase in resistant starch in the Jag-ssiia-∆ABD genotype of Jagger wheat. The single individual genome mutations also had various effects on starch composition. CONCLUSIONS Our full null Jag-ssiia-∆ABD mutant showed a significant increase in RS without the shriveled grain phenotype seen in other ssiia knockouts in elite wheat cultivars. Moreover, this study shows the potential for developing nutritionally improved foods in a non-GM approach. Since all the mutants have been developed in an elite wheat cultivar, their adoption in production and supply will be feasible in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schoen
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Anupama Joshi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Vijay Tiwari
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bikram S Gill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chunduri V, Sharma N, Garg M. A null allele of granule bound starch synthase (Wx-B1) may be one of the major genes controlling chapatti softness. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246095. [PMID: 33508026 PMCID: PMC7842929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chapatti (unleavened flatbread) is a staple food in northern India and neighboring countries but the genetics behind its processing quality are poorly understood. To understand the genes determining chapatti quality, differentially expressed genes were selected from microarray data of contrasting chapatti cultivars. From the gene and trait association studies, a null allele of granule bound starch synthase (GBSS; Wx-B1) was found to be associated with low amylose content and good chapatti quality. For validation, near-isogenic lines (NILs) of this allele were created by marker assisted backcross (MAB) breeding. Background screening indicated 88.2 to 96.7% background recovery in 16 selected BC3F5 NILs. Processing quality and sensory evaluation of selected NILs indicated improvement in chapatti making quality. Traits that showed improvement were mouthfeel, tearing strength and softness indicating that the Wx-B1 may be one of the major genes controlling chapatti softness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Chunduri
- Agri-Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Natasha Sharma
- Agri-Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Garg
- Agri-Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li H, Li S, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhou R, Li X. Abscisic acid-mimicking ligand AMF4 induced cold tolerance in wheat by altering the activities of key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 157:284-290. [PMID: 33157420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AMF4, a recently synthetic ABA-mimicking ligand, has been reported to have long-lasting effects in inducing the expression of stress-responsive genes, hence conferring abiotic tolerance in plants. To test the effect of AMF4 on cold tolerance induction, the wheat plants were firstly foliar sprayed with AMF4 (10 μM), then the AMF4 treated and the control plants were exposed to a 24-h low temperature treatment (2/0 °C). Under low temperature stress, the AMF plants possessed significantly higher relative water content, membrane stability index and ATP concentration in leaf, while lower leaf H2O2 concentration, compared with the control plants. The AMF4 treatment significantly increased the activities of APX, Ca2+-ATPase in the chloroplasts, while decreased SOD activity under low temperature, in relation to the control plants. In addition, the AMF plants showed significantly higher activities of key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, such as UDP-glucose pyrophorylase, hexokinase, fructokinase, ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucoisomerase, in relation to the control plants under low temperature. These results demonstrate that AMF4 could be used to induce cold tolerance in wheat, and provide novel insights into the potential ways to enhance abiotic stress tolerance using the synthetic ABA-mimicking ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gupta SK, Verma K, Kumar R, Sarkar B, Mantha AK, Kumar S. Priming alleviates high temperature induced oxidative DNA damage and repair using Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape1L) homologue in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:304-313. [PMID: 32992277 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants require an optimum range of temperature for normal growth and development however high temperature can adversely affect the plants, induce oxidative stress and disintegrate biomolecules especially DNA and proteins. In wheat, high temperature stress (35-40 °C) during ripening stage hampers the yield tremendously. In this study, we assessed high temperature (HT) induced oxidative stress, subsequent DNA damage and role of priming in stress tolerance by analyzing DNA repair enzyme Triticum aestivum AP endonuclease (TaApe1L). Sixteen days old seedlings of wheat varieties PBW 550 and PBW 343 were primed with mild drought and exposed to HT (38 °C) for 2, 4, and 6 h. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as oxidative stress marker and quantified on regular time intervals. DNA damage was analyzed by DNA laddering and TaApe1L gene expression was analyzed using RT PCR and western blotting. Phylogenetic analysis of Ape1 revealed presence of some key amino acids that are evolutionary conserved. A significant increase in H2O2 content was observed after 6 h of exposure especially in PBW 343. Similarly, the DNA damage was also increased with HT exposure especially in PBW 343. The TaApe1L mRNA expression increased after priming in both the varieties after 4 h. But APE1 protein expression was higher in PBW 343, which can be correlated with DNA damage and repair. Lastly, it can be concluded that there is varietal difference in the HT sensitivity but 6 h exposure was detrimental to both the varieties. Also, drought priming improved HT tolerance by over expressing APE1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu K Gupta
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Komal Verma
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Rashpal Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Bibekananda Sarkar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Szala K, Ogonowska H, Lugowska B, Zmijewska B, Wyszynska R, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Different sets of TaCKX genes affect yield-related traits in wheat plants grown in a controlled environment and in field conditions. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:496. [PMID: 33121443 PMCID: PMC7597040 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TaCKX wheat gene family members (GFMs) encode the enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), which irreversibly degrades cytokinins. The genes are important regulators of cytokinin content and take part in growth and development, with a major impact on yield-related traits. The goal of this research was to test whether these genes might be differentially expressed in the field compared to laboratory conditions and consequently differently affect plant development and yield. RESULTS We compared expression and crosstalk of the TaCKX GFMs and TaNAC2-5A gene in modern varieties grown in a growth chamber (GC) and in the field and looked for differences in their impact on yield-related traits. The TaNAC2-5A gene was included in the research since it was expected to play an important role in co-regulation of these genes. The range of relative expression levels of TaCKX GFMs and TaNAC2-5A gene among tested cultivars was from 5 for TaCKX8 to more than 100 for TaCKX9 in the GC and from 6 for TaCKX8 to 275 for TaCKX10 in the field. The range was similar for four of them in the GC, but was much higher for seven others and TaNAC2-5A in the field. The TaCKX GFMs and TaNAC2-5A form co-expression groups, which differ depending on growth conditions. Consequently, the genes also differently regulate yield-related traits in the GC and in the field. TaNAC2-5A took part in negative regulation of tiller number and CKX activity in seedling roots only in controlled GC conditions. Grain number and grain yield were negatively regulated by TaCKX10 in the GC but positively by TaCKX8 and others in the field. Some of the genes, which were expressed in seedling roots, negatively influenced tiller number and positively regulated seedling root weight, CKX activity in the spikes, thousand grain weight (TGW) as well as formation of semi-empty spikes. CONCLUSIONS We have documented that: 1) natural variation in expression levels of tested genes in both environments is very high, indicating the possibility of selection of beneficial genotypes for breeding purposes, 2) to create a model of an ideotype for breeding, we need to take into consideration the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Szala
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Hanna Ogonowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Zmijewska
- Plant Breeding Strzelce Ltd., Co. - IHAR Group, Konczewice 1, 87-140, Chelmza, Poland
| | - Renata Wyszynska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Dmochowska-Boguta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shi M, Wang Z, Ma Z, Song W, Lu W, Xiao K. Characterization on TaMPK14, an MAPK family gene of wheat, in modulating N-starvation response through regulating N uptake and ROS homeostasis. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1285-1299. [PMID: 32648010 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wheat MAPK gene TaMPK14 is N starvation response and is crucial in modulating plant low-N stress tolerance. Improving plant N use efficiency (NUE) contributes largely to the sustainable crop production worldwide. In this study, TaMPK14, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family gene in T. aestivum, was characterized for the role in mediating N starvation response. TaMPK14 harbors conserved domain/motifs specified by the plant MAPK proteins. In vitro assay for kinase activity of TaMPK14 validated its phosphorylation nature. TaMPK14 transcripts were upregulated in both roots and leaves under low-N treatment; moreover, the expression levels induced by N starvation were gradually restored following the N recovery progression. These results suggested transcriptional response of TaMPK14 upon the low-N stress. Compared with wild type (WT), the TaMPK14 overexpressing lines in N. tabacum displayed improved growth and N accumulation traits under deficient-N treatment, which indicated the crucial roles of the MAPK gene in mediating N starvation response. Additionally, the lines treated by N starvation were shown to be improved on cellular ROS homeostasis, displaying higher antioxidant enzymes (AE) activities and less ROS accumulative amount than WT. The transcripts of nitrate transporter gene NtNRT2.1 and those of AE genes NtSOD1, NtCAT1;2, and NtPOD4 were significantly upregulated in N-deprived TaMPK14 lines; overexpression of them conferred plants enhanced N uptake capacity and AE activities, respectively. Moreover, RNA-seq datasets generated from N-deprived transgenic lines contained numerous differential genes involving modulating various biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Together, our investigation suggested that TaMPK14 improves plant N starvation response through transcriptional regulation of distinct NRT and AE genes as well as modulation of associated biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zifei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wenteng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Kai Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mughal I, Shah Y, Tahir S, Haider W, Fayyaz M, Yasmin T, Ilyas M, Farrakh S. Protein quantification and enzyme activity estimation of Pakistani wheat landraces. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239375. [PMID: 32966325 PMCID: PMC7511017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major food grain in Pakistan having a prominent role in agriculture as well as the economic status of the country. In the current study, seeds of 99 wheat landraces were characterized for the quantification of seed storage proteins (Albumins, Globulin, Gliadins, and Glutenin), enzyme activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), one hydrolytic enzyme Protease (PROT) and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzyme Ascorbic acid (AsA). The landraces were categorized into low, medium, and high based on protein concentration and enzymes activities/content. The majority of the landraces were placed in the medium category. However, for the AsA parameter majority of the landraces were placed in the low category. The highest concentration of total extracted protein (184.88±0.7 mg/g. wt.), globulins (21.35±0.43 mg/g. wt.) and glutenin (20±0.04 mg/g. wt.) as well as the high activity of SOD (303±16.80 Units/g. wt.), and Ascorbic acid (533±36.1 Units/g. wt.) was identified in the wheat landrace "11757" collected from district Panjgur (Balochistan). The wheat landrace "11760", collected from district Kech (Balochistan), contained the highest albumins concentration (65.42±0.02 mg/g. wt.) and highest activity for CAT (589.5±61.20 Units/g. wt.). The highest activity of POD (32341± 91.3) and PROT was observed in seeds of the wheat landrace "11618" collected from the Gilgit Baltistan region of Pakistan. The principal component analysis showed that the great variations existed for the tested parameters among the wheat landraces. The landraces with a high concentration of seed storage proteins and antioxidant enzyme activities can be used for breeding purposes to improve the nutrimental quality of wheat cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iram Mughal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Haider
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Tayyaba Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ilyas
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Farrakh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vangsøe CT, Nørskov NP, Devaux MF, Bonnin E, Bach Knudsen KE. Carbohydrase Complexes Rich in Xylanases and Arabinofuranosidases Affect the Autofluorescence Signal and Liberate Phenolic Acids from the Cell Wall Matrix in Wheat, Maize, and Rice Bran: An In Vitro Digestion Study. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9878-9887. [PMID: 32815725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high fiber content of cereal coproducts used in animal feed reduces the digestibility and nutrient availability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the ability of two carbohydrase complexes to degrade the cell wall of wheat, maize, and rice during in vitro digestion. One complex was rich in cell-wall-degrading enzymes (NSPase 1), and the other was similar but additionally enriched with xylanases and arabinofuranosidases (NSPase 2). Degradation of arabinoxylan, the main cereal cell wall polysaccharide, was followed directly by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and indirectly through phenolic acid liberation as quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The effect was additionally visualized using a unique multispectral autofluorescence approach. Wheat fractions, in particular aleurone, were susceptible to degradation as judged from the redistribution of arabinoxylan (25% reduction in insoluble arabinoxylan), whereas the highest relative liberation of ferulic acid was observed in rice bran (6%). All cereal fractions, except for maize, had a higher release of ferulic acid with NSPase 2 than NSPase 1 (38% in rice and wheat bran, 30% in wheat whole grain, and 28% in wheat aleurone). Thus, the carbohydrase complexes were able to degrade important cell wall components during in vitro digestion but apparently through different mechanisms in wheat, maize, and rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Vangsøe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - N P Nørskov
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M F Devaux
- INRAE, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F44316 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRAE, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F44316 Nantes, France
| | - K E Bach Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shokat S, Großkinsky DK, Roitsch T, Liu F. Activities of leaf and spike carbohydrate-metabolic and antioxidant enzymes are linked with yield performance in three spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:400. [PMID: 32867688 PMCID: PMC7457523 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes [L1 (advanced line), L2 (Vorobey) and L3 (Punjab-11)] having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions, drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. RESULTS Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink were found with NGS and HI. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with thousand kernel weight (TKW). CONCLUSION Distinct physiological markers correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive biomarkers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive biomarker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as biomarkers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Shokat
- Crop Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
- Wheat Breeding Group, Plant Breeding and Genetic Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Dominik K Großkinsky
- Transport Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Crop Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Crop Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gholizadeh F, Mirzaghaderi G. Genome-wide analysis of the polyamine oxidase gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) reveals involvement in temperature stress response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236226. [PMID: 32866160 PMCID: PMC7458318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine oxidases (AOs) including copper containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) and FAD-dependent polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are associated with polyamine catabolism in the peroxisome, apoplast and cytoplasm and play an essential role in growth and developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified PAO genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii and reported the genome organization, evolutionary features and expression profiles of the wheat PAO genes (TaPAO). Expression analysis using publicly available RNASeq data showed that TaPAO genes are expressed redundantly in various tissues and developmental stages. A large percentage of TaPAOs respond significantly to abiotic stresses, especially temperature (i.e. heat and cold stress). Some TaPAOs were also involved in response to other stresses such as powdery mildew, stripe rust and Fusarium infection. Overall, TaPAOs may have various functions in stress tolerances responses, and play vital roles in different tissues and developmental stages. Our results provided a reference for further functional investigation of TaPAO proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghader Mirzaghaderi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
dos Santos Guilherme M, Zevallos VF, Pesi A, Stoye NM, Nguyen VTT, Radyushkin K, Schwiertz A, Schmitt U, Schuppan D, Endres K. Dietary Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Impact Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in 5xFAD Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176288. [PMID: 32878020 PMCID: PMC7503408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) represent a common dietary protein component of gluten-containing cereals (wheat, rye, and barley). They act as toll-like receptor 4 ligands, and are largely resistant to intestinal proteases, eliciting a mild inflammatory response within the intestine after oral ingestion. Importantly, nutritional ATIs exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease and features of fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome in mice. For Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both inflammation and altered insulin resistance are major contributing factors, impacting onset as well as progression of this devastating brain disorder in patients. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dietary ATIs on a well-known rodent model of AD (5xFAD). We assessed metabolic, behavioral, inflammatory, and microbial changes in mice consuming different dietary regimes with and without ATIs, consumed ad libitum for eight weeks. We demonstrate that ATIs, with or without a gluten matrix, had an impact on the metabolism and gut microbiota of 5xFAD mice, aggravating pathological hallmarks of AD. If these findings can be translated to patients, an ATI-depleted diet might offer an alternative therapeutic option for AD and warrants clinical intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malena dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
| | - Victor F. Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.F.Z.); (A.P.)
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Aline Pesi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.F.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Nicolai M. Stoye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
| | - Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schmitt
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.F.Z.); (A.P.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (K.E.); Tel.: +49-6131-177356 (D.S.); +49-6131-172133 (K.E.)
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (K.E.); Tel.: +49-6131-177356 (D.S.); +49-6131-172133 (K.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ye J, Yang X, Yang Z, Niu F, Chen Y, Zhang L, Song X. Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planta 2020; 252:31. [PMID: 32740680 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four polygalacturonase gene family members were highlighted that contribute to elucidate the roles of polygalacturonase during the fertility conversion process in male-sterile wheat. Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases with important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development via the degradation of pectin. Specific expressed PGs in anthers may be significant for male sterility research and hybrid wheat breeding, but they have not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. In total, 113 wheat PG genes were identified, which could be classified into six categories A-F according to their structure characteristics and phylogenetic comparisons with Arabidopsis and rice. Polyploidy and segmental duplications in wheat were proved to be mainly responsible for the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. RNA-seq showed that TaPGs have specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics, in which 12 TaPGs with spike-specific expression patterns were detected by qRT-PCR in different fertility anthers of KTM3315A, a thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat. Four of them specific upregulated (TaPG09, TaPG95, and TaPG93) or downregulated (TaPG87) at trinucleate stage of fertile anthers, and further aligning with the homologous in Arabidopsis revealed that they may undertake functions such as anther dehiscence, separation of pollen, pollen development, and pollen tube elongation, thereby inducing male fertility conversion in KTM3315A. These findings facilitate function investigations of the wheat PG gene family and provide new insights into the fertility conversion mechanism in male-sterile wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ye
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuetong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuqiang Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Park YC, Jang CS. Molecular dissection of two homoeologous wheat genes encoding RING H2-type E3 ligases: TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B. Planta 2020; 252:26. [PMID: 32696139 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two homoeologous wheat genes, TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B, encode the RING-HC-type E3 ligases that play an inhibitory role in sucrose metabolism in response to cold stress. In higher plants, the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) and the subsequent recognition and degradation by the 26S proteasome affects a variety of cellular functions that are essential for survival. Here, we characterized the two homoeologous wheat genes encoding the really interesting new gene (RING) HC-type E3 ligases: TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B (Triticum aestivum SINA domain including RING finger protein 1 and 2), which regulate target proteins via the Ub/26S proteasome system. The TaSIRFP-3A gene was highly expressed under cold stress. In contrast, its homoeologous gene, TaSIRFP-3B, showed only a slight increase in expression levels in shoots. Despite these differences, both the proteins exhibited E3 ligase activity with the cytosol- and nucleus-targeted localization, demonstrating their conserved molecular function. Heterogeneous overexpression of TaSIRFP-3A or TaSIRFP-3B in Arabidopsis showed delayed plant growth causing a reduction in sucrose synthase enzymatic activity and photosynthetic sucrose synthesis, by regulating sucrose synthase proteins. TaSIRFP-3A- or TaSIRFP-3B-overexpressing plants showed higher hypersensitivity under cold stress than WT plants with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that the negative regulation of TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B in response to cold stress is involved in sucrose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Park
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hu CH, Zeng QD, Tai L, Li BB, Zhang PP, Nie XM, Wang PQ, Liu WT, Li WQ, Kang ZS, Han DJ, Chen KM. Interaction between TaNOX7 and TaCDPK13 Contributes to Plant Fertility and Drought Tolerance by Regulating ROS Production. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7333-7347. [PMID: 32551586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is critical for both physiological processes and stress responses of plants. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are the key producers of ROS in plants. However, their functions in ROS homeostasis and plant growth regulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) are little investigated. Here, we cloned and characterized a NOX isoform TaNOX7 in wheat. Overexpression of TaNOX7 in rice led to enhanced root length, ROS production, drought tolerance as well as bigger panicles and higher yield but shorter growth period duration. Further results indicate that TaCDPK13, a member of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), can directly interact with TaNOX7 and enhance ROS production in plants. These results demonstrate that TaNOX7 plays crucial roles in wheat development, fertility, and drought tolerance via interaction with TaCDPK13, which may act as an upstream regulator of TaNOX7 to regulate ROS production in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lv Q, Zhang L, Zan T, Li L, Li X. Wheat RING E3 ubiquitin ligase TaDIS1 degrade TaSTP via the 26S proteasome pathway. Plant Sci 2020; 296:110494. [PMID: 32540013 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress has a great impact on wheat yields. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system is one of the most important mechanisms employed by plants for responding to stress. E3 ubiquitin ligase is an important part of the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system. In wheat, the mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligase TaDIS1 has not been investigated in great detail. In this study, TaSTP was identified as an interacting partner using yeast two-hybrid screening. The results obtained from bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays also demonstrated that TaDIS1 interacts with TaSTP. In vitro ubiquitination assays showed that TaDIS1 has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and the results based on two TaDIS1 mutants suggested that the RING domain is essential for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. In addition, we used MG132 to show that TaSTP can be degraded by TaDIS1 via the 26S proteasome pathway. The transcript levels of TaSTP showed that it can also respond to different abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and abscisic acid treatment. RING E3 ubiquitin ligase TaDIS1 may through the posttranslational regulation of TaSTP to play an important role in drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ting Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Liqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kong L, Zhi P, Liu J, Li H, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhou J, Wang X, Chang C. Epigenetic Activation of Enoyl- CoA Reductase By An Acetyltransferase Complex Triggers Wheat Wax Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1250-1267. [PMID: 32439721 PMCID: PMC7333686 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal surface of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is coated with a hydrophobic cuticular wax layer that protects plant tissues against environmental stresses. However, the regulatory mechanism of cuticular wax biosynthesis remains to be uncovered in bread wheat. Here, we identified wheat Enoyl-CoA Reductase (TaECR) as a core component responsible for biosynthesis of wheat cuticular wax. Silencing of TaECR in bread wheat resulted in a reduced cuticular wax load and attenuated conidia germination of the adapted fungal pathogen powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici). Furthermore, we established that TaECR genes are direct targets of TaECR promoter-binding MYB transcription factor1 (TaEPBM1), which could interact with the adapter protein Alteration/Deficiency in Activation2 (TaADA2) and recruit the histone acetyltransferase General Control Nonderepressible5 (TaGCN5) to TaECR promoters. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the TaEPBM1-TaADA2-TaGCN5 ternary protein complex activates TaECR transcription by potentiating histone acetylation and enhancing RNA polymerase II enrichment at TaECR genes, thereby contributing to the wheat cuticular wax biosynthesis. Finally, we identified very-long-chain aldehydes as the wax signals provided by the TaECR-TaEPBM1-TaADA2-TaGCN5 circuit for triggering B graminis f.sp. tritici conidia germination. These results demonstrate that specific transcription factors recruit the TaADA2-TaGCN5 histone acetyltransferase complex to epigenetically regulate biosynthesis of wheat cuticular wax, which is required for triggering germination of the adapted powdery mildew pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhi
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang P, Liu Y, Li M, Ma J, Wang C, Su J, Yang D. Abscisic acid associated with key enzymes and genes involving in dynamic flux of water soluble carbohydrates in wheat peduncle under terminal drought stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:719-728. [PMID: 32353677 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Remobilization of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) can supply crucial carbon resources for grain filling under drought stress, while the regulatory metabolism associated with abscisic acid (ABA) is still limited. Two cultivars, LJ196 (drought-tolerant) and XD18 (drought-prone), were pot-grown under well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions. Concentrations of WSC components and ABA, and fructan metabolizing enzymes and genes were investigated in peduncle after anthesis. When compared with those under the WW, LJ196 remained higher grain yield and grain-filling rate than XD18 under the DS. During the early period of grain filling (0-14 DAA), DS increased concentrations of total WSC and its components, but thereafter substantially reduced them. The gene expression levels and enzymatic activities of fructan 1-exohydrolases (1-FEH) and fructan 6-exohydrolases (6-FEH) showed similar trends, whereas those of fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT), and sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) were depressed and declined over the period of examination. LJ196 still showed higher levels of ABA and fructan metabolizing. The ABA concentration under the DS was positively and significantly correlated with total WSC and fructan concentration, and expression levels of these enzymes and genes as well, with more prominently with those of 6-FEH. Presumably, ABA could enhance fructan hydrolysis by strongly up-regulating the gene expression and enzymatic activity of 6-FEH to accelerate WSC remobilization. However, stem WSC induced by DS could be not fully remobilized to grains, due to its weaker correlation with grain-filling rate and finally indicating lower grain yield. The findings would provide useful information for wheat production under water-deficit environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jingfu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Caixiang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Junji Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Delong Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Breccia G, Picardi L, Nestares G. Cultivar variation for imazamox resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Insights into enzymatic assays for early selection. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:438-442. [PMID: 32289637 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS, E.C. 2.2.1.6) is the target site of several herbicide classes including imidazolinones. Imidazolinone resistance in wheat is conferred by two major genes AhasL-D1 and AhasL-B1. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo AHAS activity and plant growth in response to imazamox of nine wheat cultivars. Dose-response curves for two-gene resistant cultivars were significantly different from the single-gene resistant and susceptible cultivars in the in vitro AHAS assay. Resistance levels at the in vivo AHAS and whole-plant assays for resistant cultivars were >10-fold higher than susceptible cultivars. Moreover, in vivo dose-response curves showed differences among cultivars with the same number of resistance genes. It was concluded that in the in vitro AHAS assay cultivar variability was due to differences in target-site sensitivity while the in vivo AHAS assay reflected the resistance at whole-plant level. Both in vitro and in vivo AHAS dose-response curves could be useful tools when exploring mechanisms involved in imidazolinone resistance in different wheat genetic backgrounds and for the selection of higher resistant genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Breccia
- IICAR UNR CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CC14, S2125, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Liliana Picardi
- IICAR UNR CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CC14, S2125, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina; CIUNR, Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Graciela Nestares
- IICAR UNR CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CC14, S2125, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wei Y, Jia X, Wang X, Ma X. Towards identification of molecular mechanism in which the overexpression of wheat cytosolic and plastid glutamine synthetases in tobacco enhanced drought tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:608-620. [PMID: 32335384 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetases (GS) play an essential role in Nitrogen assimilation. Nonetheless, information respecting the molecular functions of GS in drought tolerance (DT) is limited. Here we show that overexpressing cytosolic GS1 or plastidic GS2 gene in tobacco enhanced DT of both root and leaf tissues of the two transgenic seedlings (named as GS1-TR and GS2-TR). RNA-seq analysis on root tissues showed that 83 aquaporin (AQP) genes were identified. Among them, 37 differential expression genes (DEGs) were found in the GS1-TR roots under normal condition, and all were down-regulated; no any DEGs in the GS2-TR roots were found. Contrastingly, under drought, 28 and 32 DEGs of AQP were up-regulated in GS1-TR and GS2-TR roots, respectively. GC-MS analysis on leaf tissues showed that glutamine (Gln) concentrations were negatively correlated AQP expressions in the all four conditions, which suggests that Gln, as a signal molecule, can negatively regulate many AQP expressions. Prestress accumulation of sucrose and proline (Pro) and chlorophyll, and had higher activities of ROS scavengers also contribute the plant DT in both of the two transgenic plants under drought. In addition, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was up-accumulated in GS2-TR leaves solely under normal condition, which leads to its net photosynthetic rate higher than that in GS1-TR leaves. Last but not the less, the PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 core ABA-signaling pathway was uniquely activated in GS1-TR independent of drought stress (DS). Therefore, our results suggest a possible model reflecting how overexpression of wheat TaGS1 and TaGS2 regulate plant responses to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiting Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science in China, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Xinming Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao L, Li L, Song L, Liu Z, Li X, Li X. HMW-GS at Glu-B1 Locus Affects Gluten Quality Possibly Regulated by the Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:5426-5436. [PMID: 32314918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) on gluten quality and glutenin synthesis based on the cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional levels using Xinong1718 and its three near-isogenic lines (NILs). Cytological observations showed that the endosperm of Glu-1Bh with Bx14+By15 accumulated more abundant and larger protein bodies at 10 and 16 days after anthesis than the other NILs. Glu-1Bh exhibited higher nitrogen metabolism enzyme gene expression and activity levels. The transcriptional levels of genes encoding HMW-GSs, protein folding, and transcription factors differed significantly among the NILs, and they were highest in Glu-1Bh. Our results demonstrate that variations in the expression patterns of nitrogen metabolism and glutenin synthesis-related genes may account for the differences in the accumulation of glutenin, glutenin macropolymers, and protein bodies, thereby affecting the structural and thermal stability of gluten. These findings provide novel insights into how different HMW-GSs might improve the quality of wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Liqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Lijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wei CY, Hund A, Zhu D, Nyström L. Exploring genetic dependence of lipase activity to improve the quality of whole-grain wheat. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3120-3125. [PMID: 32086812 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-grain wheat flour is facing the quality challenge of lipid rancidity, which decreases its nutritional, sensory, and technological properties. One of the major causes of lipid rancidity is endogenous esterases and lipases. This study evaluated 66 European wheat varieties grown at a single site over three years (2014, 2015, and 2016). RESULTS The 66 wheat varieties showed up to threefold variance on esterase and lipase activities. Wheat varieties that are suitable for lipid-stable whole-grain products ('Julius', 'Lona', and 'Banquet') were selected according to their consistently low esterase and lipase activities. The 3-year mean-based broad-sense heritability of esterase and lipase was 0.75 and 0.44 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate great genetic dependence of both esterase and lipase activities in wheat. The moderate to high heritability brings a new prospect of breeding selection of low-lipase-activity wheat for stable whole-grain products. This result will improve the use of wheat as raw material, benefit cultivation selection, and provide consumers with better quality products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yue Wei
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nyström
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu X, Han J, Li L, Zhang Q, Yang G, He G. Wheat PP2C-a10 regulates seed germination and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:635-651. [PMID: 32065246 PMCID: PMC7165162 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A wheat protein phosphatase PP2C-a10, which interacted with TaDOG1L1 and TaDOG1L4, promoted seed germination and decreased drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Seed dormancy and germination are critical to plant fitness. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is a quantitative trait locus for dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Some interactions between DOG1 and the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) have been reported in Arabidopsis. However, the research on molecular functions and regulations of DOG1Ls and group A PP2Cs in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L), an important crop plant, is rare. In this study, the whole TaDOG1L family was identified. Expression analysis revealed that TaDOG1L2, TaDOG1L4 and TaDOG1L-N2 specially expressed in wheat grains, while others displayed distinct expression patterns. Yeast two-hybrid analysis of TaDOG1Ls and group A TaPP2Cs revealed interaction patterns differed from those in Arabidopsis, and TaDOG1L1 and TaDOG1L4 interacted with TaPP2C-a10. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that TaPP2C-a10 exhibited the highest transcript level in wheat grains. Further investigation showed that ectopic expression of TaPP2C-a10 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination and decreased sensitivity to ABA during germination stage. Additionally, TaPP2C-a10 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited decreased tolerance to drought stress. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that TaPP2C-a10 gene was conserved in angiosperm during evolutionary process. Overall, our results reveal the role of TaPP2C-a10 in seed germination and abiotic stress response, as well as the functional diversity of TaDOG1L family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiapeng Han
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu L, Huang L, Lin X, Sun C. Hydrogen peroxide alleviates salinity-induced damage through enhancing proline accumulation in wheat seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:567-575. [PMID: 32025801 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase-mediated H2O2 maintains proline concentration under NaCl stress through regulating its biosynthesis and degradation, conferring salt tolerance to wheat plants. Considerable attention has been paid to the specific role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plant stress responses. Here, using microscopic, pharmacological and biochemical approaches, we explored H2O2 production and its roles in redox control under salt stress in wheat roots. Exogenous H2O2 pretreatment decreased salt-induced lipid peroxidation, while increased proline content in wheat roots. Salt stress led to a transient increase in NADPH oxidase activity accompanied by accumulation of H2O2 and proline in roots. The elevated proline accumulation in the presence of NaCl was significantly suppressed by diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, and dimethylthiourea, a scavenger of H2O2. The rate-limiting enzyme involved in proline biosynthesis, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), was induced by NaCl, whereas the house-keeping enzyme in proline degradation, proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), was inhibited. After 6 h, the activity of P5CS increased by 1.5-fold, whereas ProDH decreased by 13.9%. The levels of these enzymes, however, were restored by NADPH oxidase inhibitor or H2O2 scavenger. After treatment with H2O2, the effects of diphenyleneiodonium and or dimethylthiourea on proline content and activities of P5CS and ProDH were reversed. These results suggested that NADPH oxidase-mediated H2O2 alleviates oxidative damage induced by salt stress through regulating proline biosynthesis and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu Y, Wang W, Li Q, Zhang G, Zhao X, Li G, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang W. The wheat E3 ligase TaPUB26 is a negative regulator in response to salt stress in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon. Plant Sci 2020; 294:110441. [PMID: 32234224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses, including high salinity, affect the growth and yield of crop plants. We isolated a gene, TaPUB26, from wheat that encodes a protein containing a U-box domain and armadillo (ARM) repeats. The TaPUB26 transcript levels were upregulated by high salinity, temperature, drought and phytohormones, suggesting the involvement of TaPUB26 in abiotic stress responses. An in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that TaPUB26 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We overexpressed TaPUB26 in Brachypodium distachyon to evaluate TaPUB26 regulation of salt stress tolerance. Compared with the wild type (WT) line, the overexpression lines showed higher salt stress sensitivity under salt stress conditions, but lower chlorophyll (Chl) content, lower photosynthetic levels and overall reduced salt stress tolerance. Additionally, the transgenic plants showed more severe membrane damage, lower antioxidant enzyme activity and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation than WT plants under salt stress, which might be related to the changes in the expression levels of some antioxidant genes. In addition, the transgenic plants also had higher Na+ and lower K+ contents, thus maintaining a higher cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio in leaves and roots than that in WT plants. Further analysis of the molecular mechanisms showed that TaPUB26 interacted with TaRPT2a, an ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome complex in wheat. We speculated that TaPUB26 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance by interacting with other proteins, such as TaRPT2a, and that this mechanism involves altered antioxidant competition and cytosolic Na+/K+ equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang W, Wu Y, Shi R, Sun M, Li Q, Zhang G, Wu J, Wang Y, Wang W. Overexpression of wheat α-mannosidase gene TaMP impairs salt tolerance in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:653-667. [PMID: 32123996 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The TaMP gene from wheat encodes an α-mannosidase induced by salt stress that functions as negative regulator of salt tolerance in plants. Salt stress significantly affects growth and yield of crop plants. The α-mannosidases function in protein folding, trafficking, and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in eukaryotic cells, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Previously, we identified the α-mannosidase gene TaMP in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, we investigated the function of TaMP in salt stress tolerance. TaMP expression was induced in wheat leaves by salt, drought, abscisic acid, and H2O2 treatments. Overexpressing TaMP in Brachypodium distachyon was associated with a salt-sensitive phenotype. Under salt stress, the overexpressing plants had reduced height, delayed growth status, low photosynthetic rate, decreased survival rate, and diminished yield. Moreover, the overexpression of TaMP aggravated the tendency for ions to become toxic under salt stress by significantly affecting the Na+ and K+ contents in cells. In addition, TaMP could negatively regulate salt tolerance by affecting the antioxidant enzyme system capacity and increasing the reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our study was helpful to understand the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ruirui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Faria JMS, Teixeira DM, Pinto AP, Brito I, Barrulas P, Alho L, Carvalho M. Toxic levels of manganese in an acidic Cambisol alters antioxidant enzymes activity, element uptake and subcellular distribution in Triticum aestivum. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 193:110355. [PMID: 32120164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Montado system, in Portuguese Alentejo region, some Eutric Cambisols are known to promote manganese (Mn) toxicity in wheat. Variation on bioavailable Mn concentration depends on soil acidity, which can be increased by natural events (e.g. waterlogging) or human activity (e.g. excess use of chemical fertilizers). The effect of increasing soil Mn on crop element uptake, element distribution and oxidative stress was evaluated on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants were grown for 3 weeks in an acidic Cambisol spiked with increasing Mn concentrations (0, 45.2 and 90.4 mg MnCl2/Kg soil). Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and Mn were quantified in the soil solution, root and shoot tissues and respective subcellular fractions. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in extracts of wheat shoots and roots. Overall, increase in soil bioavailable Mn inhibited the uptake of other elements, increased the Ca proportion in the root apoplast, promoted the translocation of Mn and P to shoot tissues and increased their proportion in the shoot vacuoles. Wheat roots showed greater antioxidant enzymes activities than shoots. These activities decreased at the highest soil Mn concentration in both plant parts. Wheat roots appear to be more sensitive to oxidative stress derived from excess soil Mn and promote Mn translocation and storage in shoot vacuoles, probably in Mn and P complexes, as a detoxification strategy. Improvement in wheat production, in acidic soils, may rely on the enhancement of its Mn detoxification strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M S Faria
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Dora Martins Teixeira
- HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Brito
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Barrulas
- HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Luís Alho
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Mário Carvalho
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|