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Chang YW, Wang YC, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Lu MX, Du YZ. Transcriptional regulation of small heat shock protein genes by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in Liriomyza trifolii under heat stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:835-843. [PMID: 34337672 PMCID: PMC8492843 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones in multiple physiological processes and are active during thermal stress. sHSP expression is controlled by heat shock transcription factor (HSF); however, few studies have been conducted on HSF in agricultural pests. Liriomyza trifolii is an introduced insect pest of horticultural and vegetable crops in China. In this study, the master regulator, HSF1, was cloned and characterized from L. trifolii, and the expression levels of HSF1 and five sHSPs were studied during heat stress. HSF1 expression in L. trifolii generally decreased with rising temperatures, whereas expression of the five sHSPs showed an increasing trend that correlated with elevated temperatures. All five sHSPs and HSF1 showed an upward trend in expression with exposure to 40 ℃ without a recovery period. When a recovery period was incorporated after thermal stress, the expression patterns of HSF1 and sHSPs in L. trifolii exposed to 40 °C was significantly lower than expression with no recovery period. To elucidate potential interactions between HSF1 and sHSPs, double-stranded RNA was synthesized to knock down HSF1 in L. trifolii by RNA interference. The knockdown of HSF1 by RNAi decreased the survival rate and expression of HSP19.5, HSP20.8, and HSP21.3 during high-temperature stress. This study expands our understanding of HSF1-regulated gene expression in L. trifolii exposed to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Iqbal J, Ahmad S, Ali Q. A comparative study on the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in stored grains rice. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e250778. [PMID: 34346961 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) now a possible safer microbial control measure that could be considered as a substitute for chemical control of insect pests. Three EPF viz., Metarihizium anisopliae, Isaria furnosoroseus and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated for their virulence against the grubs of Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) under laboratory conditions. The isolates were applied by two methods viz., diet incorporation and an immersion method with 3rd instar 20 grubs of T. granarium for each. The virulence of EPF was determined using percent mortality. Significantly higher mortality was observed in M. anisopliae applied through immersion (98.33%) and diet incorporation (93.33%) methods followed by B. bassiana (90.83 and 85.83%, respectively). The mortality caused by I. furnosoroseus was statistically lower in immersion and diet incorporation methods i.e. 81.67 and 73.33%, respectively. Based on the immersion method, all EPF were studied for multiple conidial concentration i.e., 1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 under the same in-vitro conditions. All the isolates were pathogenic to grub of T. granarium at the highest conidial concentration. M. anisopliae was proved the most effective virulent resulting in 98.33% mortality of the pest with LT50 4.61 days at 1 × 108 conidial concentration followed by 90.83 and 81.67 percent mortality with 5.07 and 8.01 days LT50, in the application of B. bassiana and I. furnosoroseus, respectively. M. anisopliae showed higher efficacy and could be considered as promising EPF for the development of myco-insecticides against effective biocontrol of T. granarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iqbal
- University of the Punjab, Faculty of Agriclutrure, Department of Entomology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of the Punjab, Faculty of Agriclutrure, Department of Entomology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Q Ali
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Entomology Section, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jamil Z, Iqbal NT, Idress R, Ahmed Z, Sadiq K, Mallawaarachchi I, Iqbal J, Syed S, Hotwani A, Kabir F, Ahmed K, Ahmed S, Umrani F, Ma JZ, Aziz F, Kalam A, Moore SR, Ali SA. Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009584. [PMID: 34264936 PMCID: PMC8352064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition of intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction and malabsorption associated with growth faltering in children living in poverty. This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting. In a longitudinal birth cohort, 51 controls (WHZ > 0, HAZ > −1.0) and 63 cases (WHZ< -2.0, refractory to nutritional intervention) were recruited. Anthropometry and morbidity were recorded on monthly bases up to 24 months of age. Dual sugar assay of urine collected after oral administration of lactulose and rhamnose was assessed in 96 children from both the groups. Duodenal histopathology (n = 63) and enteropathogen analysis of aspirate via Taqman array card (n = 60) was assessed in only cases. Giardia was the most frequent pathogen and was associated with raised L:R ratio (p = 0.068). Gastric microscopy was more sensitive than duodenal aspirate in H. pylori detection. Microscopically confirmed H. pylori negatively correlated with HAZ at 24 months (r = −0.313, p = 0.013). Regarding histopathological parameters, goblet cell reduction significantly correlated with decline in dual sugar excretion (p< 0.05). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in the median (25th, 75th percentile) of urinary concentrations (μg/ml) of lactulose [27.0 (11.50, 59.50) for cases vs. 38.0 (12.0, 61.0) for controls], rhamnose [66.0 (28.0, 178.0) vs. 86.5 (29.5, 190.5)] and L:R ratio [0.47 (0.24, 0.90) vs. 0.51 (0.31, 0.71)] respectively. In multivariable regression model, 31% of variability in HAZ at 24 months of age among cases and controls was explained by final model including dual sugars. In conclusion, enteropathogen burden is associated with altered histopathological features and intestinal permeability. In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology. EED is a subclinical condition of compromised gut integrity secondary to frequent and repeated exposure to enteropathogens in global settings with a high prevalence of undernutrition. In this study, we reported association of gut mucosal architecture with a dual sugar intestinal permeability assay (lactulose-rhamnose) in Pakistani children. In the presence of duodenal enteropathogens, features such as chronic inflammation, intra-epithelial lymphocytosis, enterocyte injury and Paneth cell reduction were consistently observed. When comparing undernourished cases and controls living in the same setting, we found urinary excretion of the sugars was similar among groups; however, variability in HAZ among children at 24 months was partially explained by a model that includes excretion values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Jamil
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Romana Idress
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Indika Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Kabir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kumail Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Umrani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fatima Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adil Kalam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sean R. Moore
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SRM); (SAA)
| | - Syed Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (SRM); (SAA)
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Arif M, Hussain N, Yasmeen A, Naz S, Anwar A, Mushtaq S, Iqbal J, Shaheen A, Aziz M, Bukhari SAH, Shah SH. Exogenous application of bio-stimulant and growth retardant improved the productivity of cotton cultivars under different planting arrangement. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238812. [PMID: 34161424 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available resources and to obtain high yield of cotton. Application of plant growth promoter and retardant on cotton in improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. Therefore, we planned a field study to assess the role of bio-stimulant and growth retardant in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars planted under variable row spacing at Agronomic Research Area Bahauddin Zakariya University and Usmania Agricultural Farm Shujabad during Kharif 2012. Experimental treatments consisted of cotton genotypes viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) with foliar spray of bio-stimulant (moringa leaf extract) and growth retardant (mepiquate chloride), either sole or in combination, keeping distilled water as a control. Exogenously applied MLE alone and MLE + MC significantly enhanced the number of squares, flowers and green bolls per plant leading to higher cotton seed and lint yield of CIM 598 cultivar cultivated under conventional row spacing. While application of MC alone and MLE + MC produced maximum micronaire value, fiber strength and fiber uniformity ratio of CIM 573 cultivar cultivated under conventional row spacing. The results suggested that application of MLE is a possible approach to enhance the cotton productivity and the use of MC to enhance the fiber quality attributes under conventional row spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.,Directorate of Land Reclamation, Irrigation Department Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Hussain
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Yasmeen
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Naz
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Anwar
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Mushtaq
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - J Iqbal
- The Ismia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Shaheen
- Govt. Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Aziz
- Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S A H Bukhari
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S H Shah
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Virk N, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Abbasi M, Siddiqui S, Ashraf A, Iqbal J, Rasoo S, Khalid H, Laulloo S, Khan S, Shah S. Biological screening and docking studies of unique hybrids synthesized by conventional versus microwave assisted techniques. TROP J PHARM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i5.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To carry out the synthesis of various hybrids of 1,2,4-triazole in search of potential therapeutic enzyme inhibitory agents, and carry out docking and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies on docking and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies on the hybrids.
Methods: The target compounds were synthesized by following a multistep protocol. Compound 1 was synthesized from 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (a) and ethyl isonipecotate (b). Compound 1 was refluxed with hydrazine to synthesize compound 2, which was converted to compound 3 through two consecutive steps. Compound 4 and different amines (5a-5i), were utilized to synthesize an array of electrophiles (6a-6i). A series of 1,2,4-triazole hybrids (7a-7i) were synthesized at room temperature by stirring together 3 and 6a-6i. The final structures of 7a-7i were elucidated through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EI-MS spectroscopy. The BSA binding studies were performed by fluorometric titration. Furthermore, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were determined colorimetrically.
Results: Compound 7d was the most active antioxidant agent, compared to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), while compounds 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g and 7i proved to be potent urease inhibitors with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 19.5 ± 0.12, 21.1 ± 0.68, 18.2 ± 0.78, 19.9 ± 0.77 and 17.9 ± 0.10 µM, respectively, compared to thiourea with an IC50 of 24.3 ± 0.24 µM. Compounds 7a, 7b, 7d, and 7e exhibited high butyrylcholinesterase inhibition potential, compared to eserine.
Conclusion: The synthesized compounds require studies further as potential therapeutic enzyme inhibitory agents in view of their urease inhibition as well as antioxidant activity.
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Asad Ullah M, Iqbal J, Ahmed MS, Darira J, Lutfi I, Hamid K, Ali M. Factors Responsible for Non-Diagnostic Cytology on Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules. Cureus 2021; 13:e14955. [PMID: 34123652 PMCID: PMC8191422 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-recognized procedure for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, with the advantage of being safe and inexpensive. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is mainly performed for nodules showing suspicious sonographic features that may require thyroidectomy. Even when FNAC is performed under sonographic guidance, the cytological specimen obtained may be inadequate, leading to a non-diagnostic outcome. The aim of this study is to determine the sonographic and technical factors influencing the outcome of FNAC. Material and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively at the radiology department, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of Ziauddin University. All the patients undergoing ultrasound (US)-guided FNAC of thyroid nodules were included. Patients with a history of previous thyroid surgery, very large thyroid lesions (>5 cm), and those with adjacent soft tissue pathology obscuring the assessment of thyroid nodules were excluded from this study. Result Out of 176 nodules studied, 14 were non-diagnostic and 162 were diagnostic. A 22G needle was used in most of the patients, i.e. 102 (57.3%), which demonstrated no relationship with the non-diagnostic results. According to Bethesda, 136 (77.3%) patients were benign, 22 (12.5%) had lesions with atypia/follicular lesions of undetermined significance, 14 (8%) were non-diagnostic and four (2.3%) were suspicious for malignancy. A subset, including 76 nodules, was categorized according to Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) as follows: 28 (36.8%) nodules were moderately suspicious, 24 (31.6%) were mildly suspicious, 20 (26.3%) were not suspicious, and four (5.3%) nodules were benign. It was also observed that none of the hypoechoic nodules yielded non-diagnostic cytology. Conclusion This study concludes that radiologists must be aware of the technical details, cytologic preparation, and procedure-related complications associated with US-guided FNA to optimize patient care and the diagnostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Jaideep Darira
- Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Irfan Lutfi
- Interventional Radiology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kamran Hamid
- Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Wang YC, Chang YW, Bai J, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Lu MX, Gong WR, Du YZ. Temperature affects the tolerance of Liriomyza trifolii to insecticide abamectin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 218:112307. [PMID: 33965778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii, is an invasive pest of horticultural and vegetable crops that possesses a robust competitive ability when compared to congeneric species, especially with respect to temperature and insecticide tolerance. Abamectin, which is commonly used to control L. trifolii in the field, was selected as the target insecticide in this study. Our objective was to study the effect of abamectin and high temperature stress on L. trifolii mortality and the expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) and heat shock proteins (Hsps) by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). When L. trifolii was exposed to abamectin followed by exposure to 40 °C (LC50 +HT40), mortality showed a significant increase, whereas exposure to 40 ℃ followed by abamectin (HT40+LC50) reduced mortality relative to abamectin or HT40 alone. Expression of three CYP450s in the CYP4 family was highest in the HT40+LC50 treatment, followed by the LC50+HT40 treatment. The expression levels of CYP18A1 (CYP18 family) were not significantly different among treatments, and CYP301A1 (CYP301 family) was only sensitive to temperature (HT40). The expression of five sHsps showed similar expression patterns and were highly responsive to the LC50+HT40 treatment, followed by the HT40 and HT40+LC50 treatments. Based on CYP450s and Hsps expression levels, our findings that suggest that L. trifolii exhibits adaptive cross-tolerance to high temperature and abamectin. This study provides a framework for selecting the most effective application time for abamectin with respect to controlling L. trifolii, which will ultimately reduce the overuse of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Wang YC, Chang YW, Bai J, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Lu MX, Hu J, Du YZ. High temperature stress induces expression of CYP450 genes and contributes to insecticide tolerance in Liriomyza trifolii. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 174:104826. [PMID: 33838719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liriomyza trifolii is an invasive leafminer fly that inflicts damage on many horticultural and vegetable crops. In this study, the effects of elevated temperatures on L. trifolii tolerance to insecticides abamectin (AB), monosultap (MO) and a mixture of abamectin and monosultap (AM) were firstly investigated, then five CYP450 genes (LtCYPs) were cloned, and expression patterns and NADPH cytochrome C reductase (NCR) activity in L. trifolii were compared in response to high temperature stress and insecticide exposure. Results showed elevated temperatures induced expression of LtCYP450s, the expression level of LtCYP4g1, LtCYP4g15 and LtCYP301A1 after exposed to different high temperature were significantly up-regulated compared with the control (25 °C), while there was no significant difference in LtCYP4E21 and LtCYP18A1. Under the joint high temperature and insecticide stress, the expression of LtCYP4g15, LtCYP18A1 and LtCYP301A1 was significantly higher under elevated temperatures than that of only under AB exposure. For MO and AM exposure, only 40 °C could induce the expression of LtCYP4g15, LtCYP18A1 and LtCYP301A1. In general, the LtCYPs expression pattern was correlated with increased NCR activity and decreased mortality in response to insecticide exposure under elevated temperatures. These all demonstrated that insecticide tolerance in L. trifolii could be mediated by high temperature. This study improves our understanding of L. trifolii physiology and offers a theoretical context for improved control that ultimately reduces the abuse of insecticides and decreases exposure to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Haberman Y, Iqbal NT, Ghandikota S, Mallawaarachchi I, Tzipi Braun, Dexheimer PJ, Rahman N, Hadar R, Sadiq K, Ahmad Z, Idress R, Iqbal J, Ahmed S, Hotwani A, Umrani F, Ehsan L, Medlock G, Syed S, Moskaluk C, Ma JZ, Jegga AG, Moore SR, Ali SA, Denson LA. Mucosal Genomics Implicate Lymphocyte Activation and Lipid Metabolism in Refractory Environmental Enteric Dysfunction. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:2055-2071.e0. [PMID: 33524399 PMCID: PMC8113748 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.01.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) limits the Sustainable Development Goals of improved childhood growth and survival. We applied mucosal genomics to advance our understanding of EED. METHODS The Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition (SEEM) followed 416 children from birth to 24 months in a rural district in Pakistan. Biomarkers were measured at 9 months and tested for association with growth at 24 months. The duodenal methylome and transcriptome were determined in 52 undernourished SEEM participants and 42 North American controls and patients with celiac disease. RESULTS After accounting for growth at study entry, circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ferritin predicted linear growth, whereas leptin correlated with future weight gain. The EED transcriptome exhibited suppression of antioxidant, detoxification, and lipid metabolism genes, and induction of anti-microbial response, interferon, and lymphocyte activation genes. Relative to celiac disease, suppression of antioxidant and detoxification genes and induction of antimicrobial response genes were EED-specific. At the epigenetic level, EED showed hyper-methylation of epithelial metabolism and barrier function genes, and hypo-methylation of immune response and cell proliferation genes. Duodenal coexpression modules showed association between lymphocyte proliferation and epithelial metabolic genes and histologic severity, fecal energy loss, and wasting (weight-for-length/height Z < -2.0). Leptin was associated with expression of epithelial carbohydrate metabolism and stem cell renewal genes. Immune response genes were attenuated by giardia colonization. CONCLUSIONS Children with reduced circulating IGF-1 are more likely to experience stunting. Leptin and a gene signature for lymphocyte activation and dysregulated lipid metabolism are implicated in wasting, suggesting new approaches for EED refractory to nutritional intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT03588013. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03588013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Haberman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Najeeha T. Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sudhir Ghandikota
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Tzipi Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Phillip J. Dexheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Najeeb Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rotem Hadar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Romana Idress
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fayyaz Umrani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lubaina Ehsan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Greg Medlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan,Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Chris Moskaluk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean R. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia,Sean R. Moore, MD, MS, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, University of Virginia, 409 Lane Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22908.
| | - Syed Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Lee A Denson, MD, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229. fax: (513) 636-558.
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Nisar MI, Ansari N, Khalid F, Amin M, Shahbaz H, Hotwani A, Rehman N, Pugh S, Mehmood U, Rizvi A, Memon A, Ahmed Z, Ahmed A, Iqbal J, Saleem AF, Aamir UB, Larremore DB, Fosdick B, Jehan F. Serial population-based serosurveys for COVID-19 in two neighbourhoods of Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:176-182. [PMID: 33737137 PMCID: PMC8752032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine population-based estimates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a densely populated urban community of Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in April, June and August 2020 in low- and high-transmission neighbourhoods. Participants were selected at random to provide blood for Elecsys immunoassay for detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibodies. A Bayesian regression model was used to estimate seroprevalence after adjusting for the demographic characteristics of each district. RESULTS In total, 3005 participants from 623 households were enrolled in this study. In Phase 2, adjusted seroprevalence was estimated as 8.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1-13.1] and 15.1% (95% CI 9.4-21.7) in low- and high-transmission areas, respectively, compared with 0.2% (95% CI 0-0.7) and 0.4% (95% CI 0-1.3) in Phase 1. In Phase 3, it was 12.8% (95% CI 8.3-17.7) and 21.5% (95% CI 15.6-28) in low- and high-transmission areas, respectively. The conditional risk of infection was 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.47) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.28-0.52) in low- and high-transmission neighbourhoods, respectively, in Phase 2. Similar trends were observed in Phase 3. Only 5.4% of participants who tested positive for COVID-19 were symptomatic. The infection fatality rate was 1.66%, 0.37% and 0.26% in Phases 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION Continuing rounds of seroprevalence studies will help to improve understanding of secular trends and the extent of infection during the course of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Nisar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nadia Ansari
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Amin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Shahbaz
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Rehman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sierra Pugh
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Usma Mehmood
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Memon
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaque Ahmed
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Faisal Saleem
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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61
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Shazlee MK, Ali M, Ahmed MS, Iqbal J, Darira J, Naeem MQ. Ultrasound-Guided Transthoracic Mediastinal Biopsy: A Safe Technique for Tissue Diagnosis in Middle- and Low-Income Countries. Cureus 2021; 13:e13914. [PMID: 33868855 PMCID: PMC8047751 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The high cost of video-assisted transthoracic procedures precludes their use in the diagnostics of mediastinal masses in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to assess the technical success rate and diagnostic yield of ultrasound-guided transthoracic mediastinal biopsies at a tertiary care hospital. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients presenting with mediastinal masses referred to radiology services at Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital. Karachi, Pakistan. Ultrasonography was performed using Toshiba Xario 200 & Aplio 500 using convex and linear probes accordingly. Biopsy was performed using a combination of 18G semiautomatic trucut and 17G co-axial needles. Complications and overall diagnostic yields were determined. Results In all 70 patients referred, the procedure was completed successfully with an overall procedural yield of 95.7%. Inconclusive biopsies due to inadequate specimen were seen in two (4.2%) patients. No post-procedure major complication or mortality was observed. Minor complications were seen in three (4.2%) out of 70, including hematoma (<3 cm) in one patient and small pneumomediastinum in two patients. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided transthoracic mediastinal biopsy may be the pragmatic technique of choice in LMICs for the diagnosis of mediastinal masses as they provide real-time visualization and is cost-effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Junaid Iqbal
- Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Jaideep Darira
- Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Hussain N, Anwar A, Yasmeen A, Arif M, Naz S, Bibi M, Iqbal J, Qadir I, Salim MN, Latif S. Resource use efficiency of cotton in improved vs conventional planting geometry with exogenous application of bio-stimulant and synthetic growth retardant. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:18-26. [PMID: 32074169 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.213951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth regulators and improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. A field study was planned to assess the role of growth regulators in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars under different row spacing at Agronomic Research Area, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Usmania Agricultural Farm, Shujaabad during Kharif 2012. The study was comprised of cotton cultivars viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and improved ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) and foliar spray of growth regulators viz. moringa leaf extract (MLE) and mepiquat chloride (MC), either alone or in combination, distilled water as a control. The application of MLE alone and in combination (MLE + MC) showed the promoting effect on crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, sympodial branches and number of bolls leading to higher seed cotton yield of both cotton cultivars grown under conventional row spacing. While application of MC averts the plant growth without considerably improving the productivity. MLE being rich source of growth promoting hormone and nutrients showed its potential to a far greater extent under conventional row spacing in efficient utilization of available resources compared to MC and distilled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hussain
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Anwar
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - A Yasmeen
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Arif
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Naz
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Bibi
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - I Qadir
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M N Salim
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S Latif
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Chang YW, Wang YC, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Du YZ. RNA Interference of Genes Encoding the Vacuolar-ATPase in Liriomyza trifolii. Insects 2021; 12:insects12010041. [PMID: 33419201 PMCID: PMC7825530 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii, is an invasive pest of vegetable and horticultural crops in China. In this study, a microinjection method based on dsRNA was developed for RNA interference (RNAi) in L. trifolii using genes encoding vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase). Expression analysis indicated that V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D were more highly expressed in L. trifolii adults than in larvae or pupae. Microinjection experiments with dsV-ATPase B and dsV-ATPase D were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RNAi in L. trifolii adults. Expression analysis indicated that microinjection with 100 ng dsV-ATPase B or dsV-ATPase led to a significant reduction in V-ATPase transcripts as compared to that of the dsGFP control (dsRNA specific to green fluorescent protein). Furthermore, lower dsRNA concentrations were also effective in reducing the expression of target genes when delivered by microinjection. Mortality was significantly higher in dsV-ATPase B- and dsV-ATPase D-treated insects than in controls injected with dsGFP. The successful deployment of RNAi in L. trifolii will facilitate functional analyses of vital genes in this economically-important pest and may ultimately result in new control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Oberbeck S, Schrader A, Warner K, Jungherz D, Crispatzu G, von Jan J, Chmielewski M, Ianevski A, Diebner HH, Mayer P, Kondo Ados A, Wahnschaffe L, Braun T, Müller TA, Wagle P, Bouska A, Neumann T, Pützer S, Varghese L, Pflug N, Thelen M, Makalowski J, Riet N, Göx HJM, Rappl G, Altmüller J, Kotrová M, Persigehl T, Hopfinger G, Hansmann ML, Schlößer H, Stilgenbauer S, Dürig J, Mougiakakos D, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Roeder I, Hartmann S, Hallek M, Moriggl R, Brüggemann M, Aittokallio T, Iqbal J, Newrzela S, Abken H, Herling M. Noncanonical effector functions of the T-memory-like T-PLL cell are shaped by cooperative TCL1A and TCR signaling. Blood 2020; 136:2786-2802. [PMID: 33301031 PMCID: PMC7731789 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a poor-prognostic neoplasm. Differentiation stage and immune-effector functions of the underlying tumor cell are insufficiently characterized. Constitutive activation of the T-cell leukemia 1A (TCL1A) oncogene distinguishes the (pre)leukemic cell from regular postthymic T cells. We assessed activation-response patterns of the T-PLL lymphocyte and interrogated the modulatory impact by TCL1A. Immunophenotypic and gene expression profiles revealed a unique spectrum of memory-type differentiation of T-PLL with predominant central-memory stages and frequent noncanonical patterns. Virtually all T-PLL expressed a T-cell receptor (TCR) and/or CD28-coreceptor without overrepresentation of specific TCR clonotypes. The highly activated leukemic cells also revealed losses of negative-regulatory TCR coreceptors (eg, CTLA4). TCR stimulation of T-PLL cells evoked higher-than-normal cell-cycle transition and profiles of cytokine release that resembled those of normal memory T cells. More activated phenotypes and higher TCL1A correlated with inferior clinical outcomes. TCL1A was linked to the marked resistance of T-PLL to activation- and FAS-induced cell death. Enforced TCL1A enhanced phospho-activation of TCR kinases, second-messenger generation, and JAK/STAT or NFAT transcriptional responses. This reduced the input thresholds for IL-2 secretion in a sensitizer-like fashion. Mice of TCL1A-initiated protracted T-PLL development resembled such features. When equipped with epitope-defined TCRs or chimeric antigen receptors, these Lckpr-hTCL1Atg T cells gained a leukemogenic growth advantage in scenarios of receptor stimulation. Overall, we propose a model of T-PLL pathogenesis in which TCL1A enhances TCR signals and drives the accumulation of death-resistant memory-type cells that use amplified low-level stimulatory input, and whose loss of negative coregulators additionally maintains their activated state. Treatment rationales are provided by combined interception in TCR and survival signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oberbeck
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - A Schrader
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - K Warner
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Jungherz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - G Crispatzu
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - J von Jan
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - M Chmielewski
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - A Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H H Diebner
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Mayer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - A Kondo Ados
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - L Wahnschaffe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - T Braun
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - T A Müller
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - P Wagle
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - A Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - T Neumann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - S Pützer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - L Varghese
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - N Pflug
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
| | - M Thelen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - J Makalowski
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - N Riet
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - H J M Göx
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - G Rappl
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - J Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, UoC, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Kotrová
- Medical Department II of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - T Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, UoC, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Hopfinger
- Center for Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - M L Hansmann
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Schlößer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - S Stilgenbauer
- Department III of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Dürig
- Clinic for Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Mougiakakos
- Department of Medicine 5, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - I Roeder
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Hartmann
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
| | - R Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - M Brüggemann
- Medical Department II of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - T Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S Newrzela
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Abken
- RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
- CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne (UoC), Cologne, Germany
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Chang YW, Wang YC, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Lu MX, Gong HX, Du YZ. Comparative transcriptome analysis of three invasive leafminer flies provides insights into interspecific competition. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1664-1674. [PMID: 33038396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) represent a group of economically-significant highly polyphagous pests of plants grown in field and greenhouse conditions. Liriomyza spp. share similar biological and morphological characteristics, and complex interspecific interactions have been documented among these species in various geographical regions. Where the displacement of one of these species by the other has been studied, no unique mechanisms have been identified as causing it. The impact of competitive factors (such as, insecticide tolerance, thermotolerance, and adaptability to cropping systems) may be unique to specific geographic regions of Liriomyza spp., but more research is needed to confirm these hypotheses. In this study, RNA-seq was used to determine the transcriptomes of three closely-related leafminers, e.g. L. sativae, L. trifolii, and L. huidobrensis. Over 20 Gb of clean reads were generated and assembled into unique transcriptomes, and 38,747 unigenes were annotated in different databases. In pairwise comparisons, L. trifolii and L. sativae had more up-regulated genes than L. huidobrensis. With respect to common differentially-expressed genes (Co-DEGs), the three leafminers exhibited distinct groups of highly-expressed gene clusters. When genes related to competitive factors were compared, expression patterns in L. trifolii and L. sativae were more closely related to each other than to L. huidobrensis. The data suggest that DEGs involved in competitive factors may play a key role in competition and displacement of leafminers. The divergent genes identified in this study will be valuable in revealing possible mechanisms of invasion, displacement and interspecific competition in Liriomyza spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Han-Xiao Gong
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Khan FR, Kazmi SMR, Iqbal NT, Iqbal J, Ali ST, Abbas SA. A quadruple blind, randomised controlled trial of gargling agents in reducing intraoral viral load among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:785. [PMID: 32928313 PMCID: PMC7487448 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 1- To compare the effectiveness of 1% Hydrogen peroxide, 0.2% Povidone-Iodine, 2% hypertonic saline and a novel solution Neem extract (Azardirachta indica) in reducing intra-oral viral load in COVID-19 positive patients. 2- To determine the salivary cytokine profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL- 17 among COVID-19 patients subjected to 1% Hydrogen peroxide, 0.2% Povidone-Iodine, 2% hypertonic saline or Neem extract (Azardirachta indica) based gargles. Trial design This will be a parallel group, quadruple blind-randomised controlled pilot trial with an add on laboratory based study. Participants A non-probability, purposive sampling technique will be followed to identify participants for this study. The clinical trial will be carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. The viral PCR tests will be done at main AKUH clinical laboratories whereas the immunological tests (cytokine analysis) will be done at the Juma research laboratory of AKUH. The inclusion criteria are laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive patients, male or female, in the age range of 18-65 years, with mild to moderate disease, already admitted to the AKUH. Subjects with low Glasgow coma score, with a history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, who are more than 7 days past the onset of COVID- 19 symptoms, or intubated or edentulous patients will be excluded. Patients who are being treated with any form of oral or parenteral antiviral therapy will be excluded, as well as patients with known pre-existing chronic mucosal lesions such as lichen planus. Intervention and comparator Group A (n=10) patients on 10 ml gargle and nasal lavage using 0.2% Povidone-Iodine (Betadiene® by Aviro Health Inc./ Pyodine® by Brooks Pharma Inc.) for 20-30 seconds, thrice daily for 6 days. Group B (n=10) patients will be subjected to 10 ml gargle and nasal lavage using 1% Hydrogen peroxide (HP® by Karachi Chemicals Products Inc./ ActiveOxy® by Boumatic Inc.) for 20-30 seconds, thrice daily for 6 days. Group C will comprised of (n=10) subjects on 10ml gargle and nasal lavage using Neem extract solution (Azardirachta indica) formulated by Karachi University (chemistry department laboratories) for 20-30 seconds, thrice daily for 6 days. Group D (n=10) patients will use 2% hypertonic saline (Plabottle® by Otsuka Inc.) gargle and nasal lavage for a similar time period. Group E (n=10) will serve as positive controls. These will be given simple distilled water gargles and nasal lavage for 20-30 seconds, thrice daily for six days. For nasal lavage, a special douche syringe will be provided to each participant. Its use will be thoroughly explained by the data collection officer. After each use, the patient is asked not to eat, drink, or rinse their mouth for the next 30 minutes. Main outcomes The primary outcome is the reduction in the intra-oral viral load confirmed with real time quantitative PCR. Randomisation The assignment to the study group/ allocation will be done using the sealed envelope method under the supervision of Clinical Trial Unit (CTU) of Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. The patients will be randomised to their respective study group (1:1:1:1:1 allocation ratio) immediately after the eligibility assessment and consent administration is done. Blinding (masking) The study will be quadruple-blinded. Patients, intervention provider, outcome assessor and the data collection officer will be blinded. The groups will be labelled as A, B, C, D or E. The codes of the intervention will be kept in lock & key at the CTU and will only be revealed at the end of study or if the study is terminated prematurely. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) As there is no prior work on this research question, so no assumptions for the sample size calculation could be made. The present study will serve as a pilot trial. We intend to study 50 patients in five study groups with 10 patients in each study group. For details, please refer to Fig. 1 for details. Trial Status Protocol version is 7.0, approved by the department and institutional ethics committees and clinical trial unit of the university hospital. Recruitment is planned to start as soon as the funding is sanctioned. The total duration of the study is expected to be 6 months i.e. August 2020-January 2021. Trial registration This study protocol was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov on 10 April 2020 NCT04341688. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Raza Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | | | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tariq Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75271, Pakistan
| | - Syed Akbar Abbas
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Ambreen G, Salat MS, Hussain K, Raza SS, Ali U, Azam I, Iqbal J, Fatmi Z. Efficacy of colistin in multidrug-resistant neonatal sepsis: experience from a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:830-836. [PMID: 32198160 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infections with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as Gram-negative bacteria have high morbidity and mortality with limited treatment options. Colistin, an antibiotic active against MDRO, was rarely used due to frequent adverse effects, but its use has now been recommended among adults. In this study, we determined the efficacy of colistin for the treatment of sepsis in neonates. DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS/OUTCOMES We conducted a retrospective record review of all neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, between June 2015 and June 2018, who had sepsis and received colistin by intravenous, inhalation and/or intrathecal routes. Predictors of colistin efficacy, for neonatal survival and microbial clearance, were assessed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS 153 neonates received colistin; 120 had culture-proven sepsis; and 93 had MDR-GNB (84 colistin-sensitive). 111 (72.5%) neonates survived and were discharged from hospital; 82.6% had microbial clearance. Neonates with colistin-sensitive bacteria (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.2, 95% CI 2.8 to 4.0), and those in which colistin therapy started early (AOR=7.2, 95% CI 3.5 to 13.6) were more likely to survive. Neonates with increased gestational age (AOR=1.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.0), higher weight (AOR=5.4, 95% CI 3.3 to 11.8) and later onset of sepsis (AOR=4.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 9.0) had higher survival. Adverse events included nephrotoxicity in 5.2%; 13.7% developed seizures and 18.3% had electrolyte imbalance. CONCLUSIONS Colistin therapy was associated with survival among neonates suffering from MDR-GNB sepsis. The frequency of side effects was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Ambreen
- Pharmacy, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Hussain
- Pharmacy, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Ali
- Pharmacy, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Pediatric and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Iqbal J, Asghar H, Shah SKH, Naeem M, Abbasi SA, Ali R. Elemental analysis of sage (herb) using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Appl Opt 2020; 59:4927-4932. [PMID: 32543489 DOI: 10.1364/ao.385932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the sage sample using the calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) technique. The sage plasma is generated by focusing the second harmonics (532 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a repetition rate of 10 Hz and pulse duration of 5 ns. The emission spectra are recorded using a LIBS 2000 detection system spectrometer consisting of five high-resolution spectrometers covering a wavelength range from 200 to 720 nm. The optical emission spectra of the sage sample reveal the spectral lines of Fe, Ca, Ti, Co, Mn, Ni, and Cr. The plasma temperature and electron number density of the neutral spectral lines of the pertinent elements have been deduced using the Boltzmann plot and Stark-broadening line profile method, with average values 8855±885K and 3.89×1016cm-3, respectively. The average values of the plasma parameters were used for the quantification of the detected elements in the sample. Based on the calibration-free method, the measured results demonstrate that Fe is the major constituent in the sample, having a percentage concentration of 48.1%, while the remaining elements are Ca, Ti, Co, Mn, Ni, and Cr, with percentage concentrations 0.7%, 5.3%, 8%, 11%, 12.3%, and 14.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of LIBS for the compositional analysis of major and trace elements present in the plant samples and its further applications in medicine.
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Yousuf FA, Kazmi K, Iqbal J, Ahmed N, Iqbal MP. Higher DNA methylation of ABO gene promoter is associated with acute myocardial infarction in a hospital-based population in Karachi. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:505-510. [PMID: 32292461 PMCID: PMC7150418 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.3.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To find out if there is any relationship of methylation status of ABO gene promoter with the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a hospital-based Pakistani population in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A case control study comprising of 39 adult AMI patients (both males and females; age range 30-70 years) and 39 normal healthy controls (both males and females and similar age range) nested in a large study (to see the relationship of ABO genotypes with AMI) was designed to investigate the methylation status of ABO gene promoter and its association with AMI. The study was carried out at the Aga Khan University, Karachi during July 2018 to June 2019. DNA isolated from samples of AMI patients and normal healthy controls were converted into bisulphite DNA using a kit method. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out to determine the methylation status of ABO gene promoter in both cases and controls. Logistic regression was used to find out any association between increased methylation status of ABO gene promoter and risk of AMI. Results A significantly higher percentage of DNA methylation of the ABO gene promoter was observed in AMI patients as compared to normal healthy controls (82.1% vs. 35.9%; p value <0.001). This higher methylation status of ABO gene promoter was associated with AMI and the odds of AMI in this population were more than 6-fold in subjects with methylated gene promoter compared to those with unmethylated gene promoter after adjusting with age and waist circumference [AOR (95% CI) = 6.27 (1.76-22.3); p value = 0.005]. Conclusion The ABO gene promoter's hypermethylation appears to be increasing the risk of AMI in a hospital-based Pakistani population in Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Abubakar Yousuf
- Farzana Abubakar Yousuf, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Kazmi
- Khawar Kazmi, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Junaid Iqbal, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nikhat Ahmed
- Nikhat Ahmed, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal
- Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad - Pakistan. Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Rehman AU, Iqbal J, Shakeel A, Qamar ZU, Rana P. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium study of six morphogenetic characters in a population of Punjab, Pakistan. All Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1750491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aneeq-ur- Rehman
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Shakeel
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia ul Qamar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonum Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gong W, Hayford K, Taighoon Shah M, Iqbal J, Moss WJ, Moulton LH, Chandir S, O'Brien KL. Using Serosurvey Data Triangulation for More Accurate Estimates of Vaccine Coverage: Measured and Modeled Coverage From Pakistan Household Surveys. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1849-1857. [PMID: 31318424 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Household surveys remain an essential method for estimating vaccine coverage in developing countries. However, the resulting estimates have inevitable and currently unmeasurable information biases due to inaccuracies in recall, low retention of home-based records (HBRs; i.e., vaccination cards), and inaccurate recording of vaccination on HBRs. We developed an innovative method with which to overcome these biases, enhance the validity of survey results, and estimate true vaccine coverage using nested serological assessments of immune markers. We enrolled children aged 12-23 months in vaccine coverage surveys in Karachi, Pakistan, from January to December 2016. Vaccination history was collected through verbal recall by the caregiver and, when available, by HBR. One-third of survey participants were randomly enrolled for serological testing for anti-measles virus immunoglobulin G antibody. We applied Bayesian latent class models to evaluate the misalignment among measles vaccination histories derived by recall, HBRs, and measles serology and estimated true measles vaccine coverage. The model-based estimate of true measles vaccine coverage was 61.1% (95% credible interval: 53.5, 69.4) among all survey participants. The standard estimate of 73.2% (95% confidence interval: 71.3, 75.1) defined by positive recall or HBR documentation substantially overestimated the vaccine coverage. Researchers can correct for information biases using serological assessments in a subsample of survey participants and latent class analytical approaches.
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Jabeen S, Khera RA, Iqbal J, Asgher M. Synthesis of Triazole Click Ligands for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides. Russ J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019090239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Iqbal NT, Syed S, Sadiq K, Khan MN, Iqbal J, Ma JZ, Umrani F, Ahmed S, Maier EA, Denson LA, Haberman Y, McNeal MM, Setchell KDR, Zhao X, Qureshi S, Shen L, Moskaluk CA, Liu TC, Yilmaz O, Brown DE, Barratt MJ, Kung VL, Gordon JI, Moore SR, Ali SA. Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition (SEEM) in Pakistan: protocols for biopsy based biomarker discovery and validation. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:247. [PMID: 31331393 PMCID: PMC6643315 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental Enteropathy (EE), characterized by alterations in intestinal structure, function, and immune activation, is believed to be an important contributor to childhood undernutrition and its associated morbidities, including stunting. Half of all global deaths in children < 5 years are attributable to under-nutrition, making the study of EE an area of critical priority. Methods Community based intervention study, divided into two sub-studies, 1) Longitudinal analyses and 2) Biopsy studies for identification of EE features via omics analyses. Birth cohorts in Matiari, Pakistan established: moderately or severely malnourished (weight for height Z score (WHZ) < − 2) children, and well-nourished (WHZ > 0) children. Blood, urine, and fecal samples, for evaluation of potential biomarkers, will be collected at various time points from all participants (longitudinal analyses). Participants will receive appropriate educational and nutritional interventions; non-responders will undergo further evaluation to determine eligibility for further workup, including upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histopathological changes in duodenal biopsies will be compared with duodenal biopsies obtained from USA controls who have celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or who were found to have normal histopathology. RNA-Seq will be employed to characterize mucosal gene expression across groups. Duodenal biopsies, luminal aspirates from the duodenum, and fecal samples will be analyzed to define microbial community composition (omic analyses). The relationship between histopathology, mucosal gene expression, and community configuration will be assessed using a variety of bioinformatic tools to gain better understanding of disease pathogenesis and to identify mechanism-based biomarkers. Ethical review committees at all collaborating institutions have approved this study. All results will be made available to the scientific community. Discussion Operational and ethical constraints for safely obtaining intestinal biopsies from children in resource-poor settings have led to a paucity of human tissue-based investigations to understand and reverse EE in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, EE biomarkers have rarely been correlated with gold standard histopathological confirmation. The Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition (SEEM) is designed to better understand the pathophysiology, predictors, biomarkers, and potential management strategies of EE to inform strategies to eradicate this debilitating pathology and accelerate progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Trial registration Retrospectively registered; clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03588013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1564-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeha T Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marium N Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fayaz Umrani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Elizabeth A Maier
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Monica M McNeal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shahida Qureshi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lanlan Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Omer Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Brown
- Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vanderlene L Kung
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean R Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - S Asad Ali
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Chander A, Iqbal J, Needleman S. Deep Inspiratory Breath Hold Technique to Reduce Cardiotoxicity when Delivering Left Breast/Internal Mammary Chain Radical Radiotherapy: Obstacles to Compliance. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Iqbal J, Alqarni AS, Raweh HSA. Effect of Sub-lethal Doses of Imidacloprid on Learning and Memory Formation of Indigenous Arabian Bee (Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner) Adult Foragers. Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:373-380. [PMID: 30478776 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The indigenous bee race Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner of Saudi Arabia can learn and retain memories established by the classical conditioning of proboscis extension response (PER). The insecticide imidacloprid has shown a drastic effect on the olfactory behavior of A. m. jemenitica in the harsh arid climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. The oral feeding of single imidacloprid sub-lethal doses (1.0 ng, 0.5 ng, or 0.1 ng) under laboratory conditions significantly impaired associative learning during the 2nd and 3rd conditioning trials compared to control bees (0 ng). The memory tests also revealed significant impairment in memory formation at 1 h, 2 h, and 24 h after conditioning compared to control bees. Even the lowest dose (0.1 ng/bee) can significantly impair the bees' ability to learn and memorize. This impairment effect was dose dependent and increased with increasing doses. The higher dose (1.0 ng) completely impaired the learning but still showed a little memory and reflected the potential recovery of bees from insecticide-induced impairment with the passage of time. To our knowledge, this is the first study in A. m. jemenitica that demonstrated the drastic effect of neonicotinoids on associative learning in indigenous bees. This study further expresses the possible severity of insecticidal exposure to bees in actual field conditions and its effect on the neural functions used in important behavior involved in the foraging of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iqbal
- Melittology Research Lab, Dept of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Dept of Entomology, MNS Univ of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - A S Alqarni
- Melittology Research Lab, Dept of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H S A Raweh
- Melittology Research Lab, Dept of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hyder SMS, Iqbal J, Lutfi IA, Shazlee MK, Hamid K, Rashid S. Complications Associated with Permanent Internal Jugular Hemodialysis Catheter: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2019; 11:e4521. [PMID: 31259130 PMCID: PMC6590860 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A significant increase in patients with end-stage renal disease has been observed currently in our community. Kidney transplantation is the most promising cure but the problem is that large numbers of people are not good candidates for transplantation. Hemodialysis is the next appropriate medication for such patients and for patients with end-stage renal disease, who have no chance for transplantation. Morbidity and mortality are the consequences of vascular access complications. Local data related to the complication rate of permanent hemodialysis catheters is not available. The current study examines the complication rate in people due to permanent intrajugular hemodialysis catheterization. Materials and methods The study has been conducted in Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi. The dataset consists of 212 patients who had gone through jugular catheterizations for hemodialysis at this hospital from the year 2014 to the year 2015. A descriptive method has been chosen for obtaining appropriate results. Complications have also been categorized as early or late. Results Complications have been detected in around 24% of the patients from the dataset. Among these complications, infection has the highest percentage (around 13%) while 4% percent of patients have a failed puncture. The others have venous thrombosis, catheter thrombosis, hematoma, wrong canulation, and hemothorax and pneumothorax problems. Conclusion The study concludes that the placement of a permanent hemodialysis catheter in the internal jugular vein has a low complication rate. In addition, the method is safe and easy. So, it can be said that the internal jugular vein is a reliable and preferred route for hemodialysis catheterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Radiology, Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Irfan Amjad Lutfi
- Radiology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Accident Emergency & Trauma Center, Civil Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Kamran Hamid
- Radiology, Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sadia Rashid
- Radiology, Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Anyanwu GO, Onyeneke EC, Okoli BJ, Johannes MS, Sabi- RU, Iqbal J, Ejaz SA, Zaib S, Rauf K, Nisar- RU. Pharmacological activities of a novel phthalic acid ester and iridoid glycoside isolated from the root bark of Anthocleista vogelii Planch. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:35-43. [PMID: 33597424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel phthalic acid ester (1) and a known iridoid glycoside (2) were isolated from the root bark of Anthocleista vogelii. The structures of the novel compound and iridoid glycoside were elucidated on the basis of their chemical and spectral data (UV, FT-IR, EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and found to be phthalic acid ester, 4-ethyl-6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro3H-2,8-benzodioxacycloundecine-1,9-dione (1) and sweroside (2). The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase, α-amylase and αglucosidase, and in vivo laxative activity in rats. The metabolite phthalic acid ester (1) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 24.43 ± 0.096 µg/mL) and relatively good activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 10.28 ± 0.015 µg/mL). Sweroside (2) displayed weak activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 40.28 ± 0.063 µg/mL) but significantly (p<0.05) increased the feacal output of the treated animals compared to the normal and sodium picosulfate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Anyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - E C Onyeneke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - B J Okoli
- Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park - Private Bag X021 - Vanderbijlpark, Sebokeng, South Africa
| | - M S Johannes
- Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park - Private Bag X021 - Vanderbijlpark, Sebokeng, South Africa
| | - Rehman Ur- Sabi-
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - J Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - S A Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - S Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - K Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Ur- Nisar-
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
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79
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Pardede M, Lie TJ, Iqbal J, Bilal M, Hedwig R, Ramli M, Khumaeni A, Budi WS, Idris N, Abdulmadjid SN, Marpaung AM, Karnadi I, Tanra I, Lie ZS, Suyanto H, Kurniawan DP, Kurniawan KH, Kagawa K, Tjia MO. H-D Analysis Employing Energy Transfer from Metastable Excited-State He in Double-Pulse LIBS with Low-Pressure He Gas. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1571-1577. [PMID: 30543099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy (LIBS) experiment with a unique double-pulse setup and operated in low-pressure (3 kPa) He ambient gas is performed to study the detection of light elements, such as hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D), as well as elements of high excitation energies, such as fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl), which are usually difficult to detect using ordinary LIBS techniques. A nanosecond Nd:YAG laser operated in its fundamental wavelength with energy of 54 mJ is focused onto the Al target to generate the He plasma. Another picosecond Nd:YAG laser operated in its fundamental wavelength with energy of 2 mJ is focused onto the sample surface and activated 2 μs before the operation of the nanosecond laser. The application to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) samples produces sharp and high-intensity Cl- and F-emission lines. Meanwhile, the sharp and well-resolved H-D-emission lines with merely 0.18 nm wavelength separation are also clearly detected from a zircaloy sample. Further measurement of a set of zircaloy samples containing different concentrations of D yields a linear calibration curve with a zero intercept. The detection limit of D is found to be about 10 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pardede
- University of Pelita Harapan , 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard , Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811 , Indonesia
| | - T J Lie
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation , 40/80 Srengseng Raya , Jakarta 11630 , Indonesia
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Physics , University of Azad, Jammu & Kashmir , Muzaffarabad , Pakistan
| | - M Bilal
- Department of Physics , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - R Hedwig
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Bina Nusantara University , 9 K.H. Syahdan , Jakarta 11480 , Indonesia
| | - M Ramli
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Syiah Kuala University , Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111 , Indonesia
| | - A Khumaeni
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Diponegoro University , Tembalang, Semarang 50275 , Indonesia
| | - W S Budi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Diponegoro University , Tembalang, Semarang 50275 , Indonesia
| | - N Idris
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Syiah Kuala University , Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111 , Indonesia
| | - S N Abdulmadjid
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Syiah Kuala University , Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111 , Indonesia
| | - A M Marpaung
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Jakarta State University , 10 Rawamangun , Jakarta 13220 , Indonesia
| | - I Karnadi
- Krida Wacana Christian University , Jakarta 11470 , Indonesia
| | - I Tanra
- Krida Wacana Christian University , Jakarta 11470 , Indonesia
| | - Z S Lie
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation , 40/80 Srengseng Raya , Jakarta 11630 , Indonesia.,Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Bina Nusantara University , 9 K.H. Syahdan , Jakarta 11480 , Indonesia
| | - H Suyanto
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Udayana University , Kampus Bukit Jimbaran , Denpasar 80361 , Bali , Indonesia
| | - D P Kurniawan
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation , 40/80 Srengseng Raya , Jakarta 11630 , Indonesia
| | - K H Kurniawan
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation , 40/80 Srengseng Raya , Jakarta 11630 , Indonesia
| | - K Kagawa
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation , 40/80 Srengseng Raya , Jakarta 11630 , Indonesia.,Fukui Science Education Academy , Takagi Chuou 2 Choume, Fukui 910-0804 , Japan
| | - M O Tjia
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation , 40/80 Srengseng Raya , Jakarta 11630 , Indonesia.,Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Bandung Institute of Technology , 10 Ganesha , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
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80
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Parker W, Gosling R, Churton A, Parviz Y, Iqbal J, Heppenstall J, Teare D, Gunn J. P28 DOES MILD CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS PROGRESS AT SERIAL ANGIOGRAPHY? Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy216.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Gosling
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Churton
- University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y Parviz
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Heppenstall
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Teare
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Gunn
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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81
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Sachdev V, Leopold C, Bauer R, Patankar J, Iqbal J, Obrowsky S, Doktorova M, Scheicher B, Goeritzer M, Kolb D, Turnbull A, Zimmer A, Hoefler G, Hussain M, Groen A, Kratky D. Novel role of a triglyceride-synthesizing enzyme: DGAT1 at the crossroad between triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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82
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Anand A, Cudmore S, Robertson S, Stephen J, Haga K, Weir CJ, Murray SA, Boyd K, Gunn J, Iqbal J, MacLullich A, Shenkin S, Fox KAA, Mills NL, Denvir MA. P4616Frailty assessment and risk prediction by GRACE score in older patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Anand
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Cudmore
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Robertson
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Stephen
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Haga
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C J Weir
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S A Murray
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Boyd
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Gunn
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - J Iqbal
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - A MacLullich
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Shenkin
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K A A Fox
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N L Mills
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M A Denvir
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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83
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Rehman AU, Ahtzaz N, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Saleem S, Manzoor S, Iqbal J, Virk NA, Chohan TA, Shah SAA. Synthesis of some new propanamide derivatives bearing 4- piperidinyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, and their evaluation as promising anticancer agents. TROP J PHARM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i6.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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84
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Ahmed MS, Imtiaz S, Shazlee MK, Ali M, Iqbal J, Usman R. Normal variations in cerebral venous anatomy and their potential pitfalls on 2D TOF MRV examination: Results from a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi. J PAK MED ASSOC 2018; 68:1009-1013. [PMID: 30317292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess normal venous anatomy of the cranium and its anatomical variants. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at Radiology Department of Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of patients aged 2-75 years and having undergone magnetic resonance imaging of brain from April 2015 to April 2016. Magnetic resonance venography was reviewed to evaluate the cerebral venous system. All magnetic resonance venography examinations were performed using a contiguous two-dimensional time-of-flight venography technique, and were reviewed by two consultant radiologists.. RESULTS Out of 204 patients, 96(47.05%) were males and 108(52.94%) were females. Overall Magnetic Resonance Venography examinations were found to be normal in 94(46.07%), patients, while 110(53.92%) had some of the normal anatomical variants. There was presence of superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus in 204(100%) cases. Inferior sagittal sinus was seen in 179(86.05%). Transverse sinus was hypoplastic in 8(3.92%) on the right and 80(39.2%) on the left side. Hypoplastic sigmoid sinus was present in 51(25%) patients and aplastic sigmoid sinus in 2(0.98%) patients. Flow gaps were also observed in 22(10.78%) patients. Occipital sinus was identified in 17(8.3%), vein of Trolard in 98(48.03%) and vein of Labbe in 105(51.47%). CONCLUSIONS Two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance venography examination was found to be a useful imaging tool showing great sensitivity in determining the normal cerebral venous anatomy.
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85
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Arshad A, Iqbal J, Mansoor Q. NiO-nanoflakes grafted graphene: an excellent photocatalyst and a novel nanomaterial for achieving complete pathogen control. Nanoscale 2017; 9:16321-16328. [PMID: 29051936 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05756c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased levels of industrial pollutants in water and of drug-resistant pathogens more generally are a serious threat to human and aquatic life. Herein, we present the solar-light-induced dye removal and bactericidal properties of nickel oxide (NiO) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanocomposites. The conducting nature of GNPs is the key factor that accounts for the enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. Remarkably, the graphene/NiO nanocomposite shows outstanding photocatalytic activity (99% degradation) as compared to NiO (34%) alone, which makes it a potential candidate for the depollution of dye-contaminated water. In addition, the optimized amount of GNPs in the graphene/NiO nanocomposite renders it an exceptional antibacterial material, producing 100% growth inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). Therefore, the graphene/NiO nanocomposite can be an innovative material to achieve complete pathogen control, alongside being an economic solution for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arshad
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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86
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Iqbal J, Sattar A, Qamari NA, Hussain M, Rashid S. Compare The Efficacy and Complications of 16 Gauge Vs 18 Gauge Core Biopsy Needle in Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Liver Biopsies. J Dow Univ Health Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.36570/jduhs.2017.2.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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87
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Morris P, Iqbal J, Gunn J. P530Restenosis in simultaneous kissing stents to treat unprotected left main stem coronary artery bifurcation disease: incidence and management. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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88
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Reshi Z, Nazir M, Wani W, Malik M, Iqbal J, Wajid S. Cerebrospinal fluid procalcitonin as a biomarker of bacterial meningitis in neonates. J Perinatol 2017; 37:927-931. [PMID: 28541274 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to study the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procalcitonin as a marker for bacterial meningitis in neonates, and to determine its optimal 'cutoff' in CSF that can be called significant for the diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN Neonates qualifying for lumbar puncture were prospectively studied. Procalcitonin and established CSF parameters were recorded. RESULTS At a cut-off value of 0.33 ng ml-1, CSF procalcitonin had a sensitivity of 0.92, specificity of 0.87, with positive and negative likelihood ratios of 7.13 and 0.092, respectively. The area under the curve for different CSF parameters was: 0.926 (0.887 to 0.964) (P<0.001) for procalcitonin, 0.965 (0.956 to 0.974) for total leukocyte count, 0.961 (0.94 to 0.983) for neutrophil count, 0.874 (0.825 to 0.923) for protein, 0.946 (0.914 to 0.978) for sugar and 0.92 (0.955 to 0.992) for CSF:serum sugar ratio. The lumbar puncture was traumatic in 36 (21.4%) patients; out of these 15 (41.7%) had bacterial meningitis and 21 (58.3%) had no meningitis. In traumatic lumbar tap group, the median (IQR) CSF procalcitonin in patients with and without meningitis was 1.41 (0.32-3.42) ng/ml and 0.21(0.20-0.31) ng/ml respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Procalcitonin measurement has diagnostic efficiency similar to the established CSF markers. Routine assessment of procalcitonin in clean non-contaminated CSF may not yield additional information, but it may have clinical utility in situations where diagnosis of meningitis is in dilemma, as in the case of blood contamination of CSF in traumatic lumbar punctures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Reshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - M Nazir
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - W Wani
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - M Malik
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - S Wajid
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
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Lavi S, Iqbal J, Cairns J, Cantor W, Chema A, Moreno R, Meeks B, Welsh R, Kedev S, Chowdhary S, Stankovic G, Schwalm J, Liu Y, Jolly S, Dzavik V. 5994Use of drug eluting stents compared to bare metal stents in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction is associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: results from the TOTAL trial. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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90
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Ashraf JM, Abdullah SMS, Ahmad S, Fatma S, Baig MH, Iqbal J, Madkhali AM, Jerah ABA. Prevalence of autoantibodies against 3-DG-glycated H2A protein in type 2 diabetes. Biochemistry Moscow 2017; 82:579-586. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Iqbal J, Rashid S, Darira J, Shazlee MK, Ahmed MS, Fatima S. Diagnostic Accuracy of CT Scan in Diagnosing Paranasal Fungal Infection. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017; 27:271-274. [PMID: 28599686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CTscan in detecting paranasal sinus fungal infections. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Radiology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, from April to September 2014. METHODOLOGY Patients with clinical suspicion of fungal sinusitis were included in this study. Patients with already diagnosed or history of recurrent fungal infections were excluded. All these patients underwent CTscan examination of paranasal sinuses. Findings were recorded. Final diagnosis was based on smear analysis for fungal culture. Accuracy analysis was conducted for CTdiagnosis using smear analysis as the gold standard. Kappa analysis was conducted to determine agreement. RESULTS Out of the 120 patients, 71 (59%) were male. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CTwere 96.19%, 93.33%, 99.01%, 77.77%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 95.83%. Kappa statistics showed 82% agreement beyond chance. CONCLUSION CTscan is highly accurate in diagnosing and characterizing fungal infection of paranasal sinuses. It also determines the extent of disease which eventually aids in deciding the surgical approach to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Radiology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Sadia Rashid
- Department of Radiology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Jaideep Darira
- Department of Radiology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi
| | | | | | - Sumayya Fatima
- Department of Radiology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi
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Siddiqui R, Lakhundi S, Iqbal J, Khan NA. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on biological properties of Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Exp Parasitol 2016; 168:45-50. [PMID: 27381503 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac, targeting COX have shown promise in the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using various NSAIDs, Diclofenac sodium, Indomethacin, and Acetaminophen, here we determined the effects of NSAIDs on the biological properties of Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Using amoebicidal assays, the results revealed that Diclofenac sodium, and Indomethacin affected growth of A. castellanii. In contrast, none of the compounds tested had any effect on the viability of A. castellanii. Importantly, all NSAIDs tested abolished A. castellanii encystation. This is a significant finding as the ability of amoebae to transform into the dormant cyst form presents a significant challenge in the successful treatment of infection. The NSAIDs inhibit production of cyclo-oxegenase, which regulates the synthesis of prostaglandins suggesting that cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and prostaglandins play significant role(s) in Acanthamoeba biology. As NSAIDs are routinely used in the clinical practice, these findings may help design improved preventative strategies and/or of therapeutic value to improve prognosis, when used in combination with other anti-amoebic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sahreena Lakhundi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Iqbal J, Dufendach KR, Wellons JC, Kuba MG, Nickols HH, Gómez-Duarte OG, Wynn JL. Lethal neonatal meningoencephalitis caused by multi-drug resistant, highly virulent Escherichia coli. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 48:461-6. [PMID: 27030919 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2016.1144142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis is a rare but devastating condition. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a substantial global health risk. This study reports on an aggressive case of lethal neonatal meningitis due to a MDR Escherichia coli (serotype O75:H5:K1). Serotyping, MDR pattern and phylogenetic typing revealed that this strain is an emergent and highly virulent neonatal meningitis E. coli isolate. The isolate was resistant to both ampicillin and gentamicin; antibiotics currently used for empiric neonatal sepsis treatment. The strain was also positive for multiple virulence genes including K1 capsule, fimbrial adhesion fimH, siderophore receptors iroN, fyuA and iutA, secreted autotransporter toxin sat, membrane associated proteases ompA and ompT, type II polysaccharide synthesis genes (kpsMTII) and pathogenicity-associated island (PAI)-associated malX gene. The presence of highly-virulent MDR organisms isolated in neonates underscores the need to implement rapid drug resistance diagnostic methods and should prompt consideration of alternate empiric therapy in neonates with Gram negative meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Iqbal
- a Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Kevin R Dufendach
- a Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - John C Wellons
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Maria G Kuba
- c Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Hilary H Nickols
- c Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | | | - James L Wynn
- d Department of Pediatrics , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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94
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Zhang C, Iqbal J, Gómez-Duarte OG. Murine immunization with CS21 pili or LngA major subunit of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) elicits systemic and mucosal immune responses and inhibits ETEC gut colonization. Vet Microbiol 2016; 202:90-100. [PMID: 26878971 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CS21 pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most prevalent ETEC colonization factors. CS21 major subunit, LngA, mediates ETEC adherence to intestinal cells, and contributes to ETEC pathogenesis in a neonatal mouse infection model. The objectives of this work were to evaluate LngA major subunit purified protein and CS21 purified pili on immunogenicity and protection against ETEC colonization of mice intestine. Recombinant LngA purified protein or purified CS21 pili from E9034A ETEC strain were evaluated for immunogenicity after immunization of C57BL/6 mice. Specific anti-LngA antibodies were detected from mice serum, feces, and intestine fluid samples by ELISA assays. Protection against gut colonization was evaluated on immunized mice orally challenged with wild type E9034A ETEC strain and by subsequent quantification of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) recovered from feces. Recombinant LngA protein and CS21 pili induced specific humoral and mucosal anti-LngA antibodies in the mouse model. CS21 combined with CT delivered intranasally as well as LngA combined with incomplete Freund adjuvant delivered intraperitoneally inhibited ETEC gut colonization in a mouse model. In conclusion, both LngA purified protein and CS21 pili from ETEC are highly immunogenic and may inhibit ETEC intestinal shedding. Our data on immunogenicity and immunoprotection indicates that CS21 is a suitable vaccine candidate for a future multivalent vaccine against ETEC diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxian Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oscar G Gómez-Duarte
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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95
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Rohr J, Guo S, Huo J, Bouska A, Lachel C, Li Y, Simone PD, Zhang W, Gong Q, Wang C, Cannon A, Heavican T, Mottok A, Hung S, Rosenwald A, Gascoyne R, Fu K, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Vose JM, Staudt LM, Xiao W, Borgstahl GEO, Davis S, Steidl C, McKeithan T, Iqbal J, Chan WC. Recurrent activating mutations of CD28 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2015; 30:1062-70. [PMID: 26719098 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of mature T-cell neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Recently, mutations in TET2 and other epigenetic modifiers as well as RHOA have been identified in these diseases, particularly in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). CD28 is the major co-stimulatory receptor in T cells which, upon binding ligand, induces sustained T-cell proliferation and cytokine production when combined with T-cell receptor stimulation. We have identified recurrent mutations in CD28 in PTCLs. Two residues-D124 and T195-were recurrently mutated in 11.3% of cases of AITL and in one case of PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Surface plasmon resonance analysis of mutations at these residues with predicted differential partner interactions showed increased affinity for ligand CD86 (residue D124) and increased affinity for intracellular adaptor proteins GRB2 and GADS/GRAP2 (residue T195). Molecular modeling studies on each of these mutations suggested how these mutants result in increased affinities. We found increased transcription of the CD28-responsive genes CD226 and TNFA in cells expressing the T195P mutant in response to CD3 and CD86 co-stimulation and increased downstream activation of NF-κB by both D124V and T195P mutants, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in CD28-mutated PTCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rohr
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, China
| | - J Huo
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C Lachel
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - P D Simone
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Florida Atlantic University College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Q Gong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - A Cannon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - T Heavican
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A Mottok
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Hung
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (CCC MF), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Gascoyne
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - T C Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D D Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J M Vose
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L M Staudt
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Xiao
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G E O Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Davis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Steidl
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - W C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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96
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Krishna R, Iqbal J, Gorai AK, Pathak G, Tuluri F, Tchounwou PB. Groundwater vulnerability to pollution mapping of Ranchi district using GIS. Appl Water Sci 2015; 5:345-358. [PMID: 26557470 PMCID: PMC4636214 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-014-0198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution due to anthropogenic activities is one of the major environmental problems in urban and industrial areas. The present study demonstrates the integrated approach with GIS and DRASTIC model to derive a groundwater vulnerability to pollution map. The model considers the seven hydrogeological factors [Depth to water table (D), net recharge (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography or slope (T), impact of vadose zone (I) and hydraulic Conductivity(C)] for generating the groundwater vulnerability to pollution map. The model was applied for assessing the groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. The model was validated by comparing the model output (vulnerability indices) with the observed nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the study area. The reason behind the selection of nitrate is that the major sources of nitrate in groundwater are anthropogenic in nature. Groundwater samples were collected from 30 wells/tube wells distributed in the study area. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory for measuring the nitrate concentrations in groundwater. A sensitivity analysis of the integrated model was performed to evaluate the influence of single parameters on groundwater vulnerability index. New weights were computed for each input parameters to understand the influence of individual hydrogeological factors in vulnerability indices in the study area. Aquifer vulnerability maps generated in this study can be used for environmental planning and groundwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Krishna
- Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - J. Iqbal
- Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - A. K. Gorai
- Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - G. Pathak
- Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - F. Tuluri
- Department of Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - P. B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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97
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Wang X, Wang H, Bi C, Zhang X, Huang X, Zhang X, Iqbal J, Wright G, Staudt L, Chan W, McKeithan T, Wang P, Zhang H, Fu K. 296P miR-17 ∼ 92 activates the canonical NF-&kgr;B signaling by targeting TNFAIP3, CYLD and Rnf11 in ABC-DLBCL lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv526.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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98
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Guevara C, Zhang C, Gaddy JA, Iqbal J, Guerra J, Greenberg DP, Decker MD, Carbonetti N, Starner TD, McCray PB, Mooi FR, Gómez-Duarte OG. Highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells: a model to study host cell-parasite interactions in pertussis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 48:177-88. [PMID: 26492208 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bordetella pertussis colonizes the human respiratory mucosa. Most studies on B. pertussis adherence have relied on cultured mammalian cells that lack key features present in differentiated human airway cells or on animal models that are not natural hosts of B. pertussis. The objectives of this work were to evaluate B. pertussis infection in highly differentiated human airway cells in vitro and to show the role of B. pertussis fimbriae in cell adherence. METHODS Primary human airway epithelial (PHAE) cells from human bronchi and a human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line were grown in vitro under air-liquid interface conditions. RESULTS PHAE and HBE cells infected with B. pertussis wild-type strain revealed bacterial adherence to the apical surface of cells, bacteria-induced cytoskeleton changes, and cell detachment. Mutations in the major fimbrial subunits Fim2/3 or in the minor fimbrial adhesin subunit FimD affected B. pertussis adherence to predominantly HBE cells. This cell model recapitulates the morphologic features of the human airway infected by B. pertussis and confirms the role of fimbriae in B. pertussis adherence. Furthermore, HBE cells show that fimbrial subunits, and specifically FimD adhesin, are critical in B. pertussis adherence to airway cells. CONCLUSIONS The relevance of this model to study host-parasite interaction in pertussis lies in the striking physiologic and morphologic similarity between the PHAE and HBE cells and the human airway ciliated and goblet cells in vivo. These cells can proliferate in vitro, differentiate, and express the same genetic profile as human respiratory cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guevara
- a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Chengxian Zhang
- a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- b Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems , Department of Veterans Affairs.,c Division of Infectious Diseases , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Julio Guerra
- a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - David P Greenberg
- d Department of Pediatrics , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , PA.,e Scientific and Medical Affairs , Sanofi Pasteur , Swiftwater , PA
| | - Michael D Decker
- e Scientific and Medical Affairs , Sanofi Pasteur , Swiftwater , PA.,f Department of Health Policy , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN
| | - Nicholas Carbonetti
- g Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD
| | - Timothy D Starner
- h Stead Family Department of Pediatrics , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA
| | - Paul B McCray
- h Stead Family Department of Pediatrics , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA
| | - Frits R Mooi
- i National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Infectious Diseases Control , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Oscar G Gómez-Duarte
- a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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99
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Pan DR, Zhu H, Hu ZY, Pang S, Wu W, Tian NL, Xu B, Iqbal J, Zhang YJ. Cobalt chromium-based biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent: rationale, evidence and clinical experience. Minerva Cardioangiol 2015; 63:411-426. [PMID: 26173625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metallic drug-eluting stents (DES) are the first choice for percutaneous coronary interventional treatment of coronary artery disease at present. Although they have overcome some disadvantages and limitations of plain balloon angioplasty and bare-metal stents, chronic local inflammatory reactions related to permanent polymer existence and poor vascular healing after first generation DES implantation may translate into the increased risk of late and very late stent thrombosis. There have been technological developments in stent design, materials and coatings, including more conformable platform designs, biocompatible or biodegradable polymers and improved kinetics of drug release. The newer generation DES have proven superior to previous DES technology in terms of both safety and efficacy. Accumulating evidence has suggested that DES with cobalt chromium stent platform, modified biodegradable polymer coatings, and rapamycin derivative drugs are associated with improved clinical outcomes. Currently, several new cobalt chromium biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents have been introduced to clinical practice. This review will describe basic concept and rationale behind the newer cobalt chromium biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents, systematically present the new clinical experiences with several representative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Pan
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China -
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100
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Stanetic BM, Iqbal J, Onuma Y, Serruys PW. Novel bioresorbable scaffolds technologies: current status and future directions. Minerva Cardioangiol 2015; 63:297-315. [PMID: 25921932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, coronary artery disease (CAD) has remained a leading cause of death worldwide, managed with enormous progress by medicine, from the development of advanced drugs to highly sophisticated revascularization modalities. Among them, as confirmed by recent studies, bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) have shown to have the potential to overtake conventional stents. This review presents their material composition and properties, those currently used in clinical evaluation, and their current limitations and potential improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Stanetic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Clinical Centre Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina -
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