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Ota M, Maki Y, Xu LY, Makino T. Prolonging effects of Valeriana fauriei root extract on pentobarbital-induced sleep in caffeine-induced insomnia model mice and the pharmacokinetics of its active ingredients under conditions of glycerol fatty acid ester as emulsifiers. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115625. [PMID: 35970315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Valeriana plant roots have traditionally been used to treat central nervous system-related disorders in European countries. Among this genus, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia registers the dried roots of V. fauriei Briq. (VF). However, insufficient pharmacological data are available for this species. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the sedative effects of VF extract in a murine caffeine-induced insomnia model as well as the active ingredients and their pharmacokinetics to determine its basic pharmacological action mechanisms under conditions glycerol fatty acid ester is used as emulsifiers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine insomnia model was created by caffeine. Samples derived from the ethanol extract of VF were administered per oral (p.o.), and caffeine was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Pentobarbital was injected i.p. and the sleep latency and duration were measured. To confirm the mechanism of action of VF, flumazenil, a specific γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA receptor) antagonist, was administered (i.p.) immediately prior to the sample administration. We examined the pharmacokinetic profiles of the active ingredients in the plasma, brain, urine, and feces of mice after the administration (p.o and intravenous (i.v.)) of VF samples. RESULTS VF extract (5 g as VF/kg, p.o.) significantly shorten sleep latency and prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep in caffeine-induced insomnia mice, partially mediated via the GABAergic nervous system, although a higher dose (10 g as VF/kg, p.o.) was required to exhibit the significant effects in normal mice. Kessyl glycol diacetate (KGD), the main constitutive compound in VF, did not shorten sleep latency but exhibited the same sleep prolonged effect at a dose related to VF extract. The concentration of kessyl glycol 8-acetate (KG8) in the plasma was higher than that of KGD in mice treated (p.o.) with VF extract. The profiles of brain concentrations of KGD and KG8 were similar to those in the plasma, and approximately 20% of those in the plasma were distributed throughout the brain. The excretions of KGD and KG8 in urine and feces was slightly detected, and an unknown large peak related to KG8 was detected in the urine of mice administered with VF extract by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. CONCLUSIONS VF exhibits more sedative effects under stressed conditions, such as insomnia, and the major active ingredients are KGD and its metabolite KG8, which are distributed from the blood circulation into the brain by simple diffusion. KG8 is further metabolized into other metabolites that are easily excreted in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan; Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Maki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan; Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Ling-Yu Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Luo H, Gao L, Xie F, Shi Y, Zhou T, Guo Y, Yang R, Bilal M. A new l-cysteine-assisted glycerol organosolv pretreatment for improved enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 2022; 363:127975. [PMID: 36122842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deconstruction of lignocellulose via efficient pretreatment is crucial for producing fermentable sugars. In this study, effects of glycerol organosolv pretreatment (GOP) on main chemical composition of corn stover were investigated. Results indicate that the residual corn stover after 80 wt% glycerol pretreatment (at 220 °C for 0.5 h) yielded 75.97 % glucose and 78.21 % xylose after enzymatic hydrolysis, which were enhanced by 3.39- and 6.08-fold compared to the untreated corn stover. Subsequently, an l-cysteine-assisted GOP was proposed with higher yields of glucose (86.20 %) and xylose (91.13 %). When pretreating corn stover with 80 wt% glycerol containing 0.07 wt% l-cysteine at 220 °C for 0.5 h, higher fermentable sugars of 26.08 g were produced from 100 g feedstock after enzymolysis. Intrinsic mechanisms of the proposed pretreatment for enhancing enzymatic digestibility were elucidated by physiochemical characterization technologies and techno-economic analysis was also studied. This study provides guidance for fermentable sugars production from renewable lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Yongjiang Shi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Tairan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Yufen Guo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Rongling Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Cai J, Shi A, Huang J, Zhu Q, Si Y. Binding of Glycerol to Human Galectin-7 Expands Stability and Modulates Its Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012318. [PMID: 36293173 PMCID: PMC9604435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is seen in biological systems as an intermediate in lipid metabolism. In recent years, glycerol has been reported to act as a chemical chaperone to correct the conformation of proteins. Here, we investigate the role of glycerol in galectin-7 (Gal-7). The thermal shift and CD assays showed that the thermal stability of Gal-7 increased with glycerol concentration but with little secondary structure changes induced by glycerol. In addition, glycerol can inhibit Gal-7-mediated erythrocyte agglutination. We also solved the crystal structures of human Gal-7 in complex with glycerol in two different conditions. Glycerol binds at the carbohydrate-recognition binding sites of Gal-7, which indicates glycerol as a small ligand for Gal-7. Surprisingly, glycerol can bind a new pocket near the N-terminus of Gal-7, which can greatly reduce the flexibility and improve the stability of this region. Moreover, overexpression of Gal-7 decreased the intracellular triglyceride levels and increased mRNA expression of aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) when HeLa cells were incubated with glycerol. These findings indicate that Gal-7 might regulate glycerol metabolism. Overall, our results on human Gal-7 raise the perspective to systematically explore this so far unrecognized phenomenon for Gal-7 in glycerol metabolism.
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Florio M, Engfors A, Gena P, Larsson J, Massaro A, Timpka S, Reimer MK, Kjellbom P, Beitz E, Johanson U, Rützler M, Calamita G. Characterization of the Aquaporin-9 Inhibitor RG100204 In Vitro and in db/db Mice. Cells 2022; 11:3118. [PMID: 36231080 PMCID: PMC9562188 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is a facilitator of glycerol and other small neutral solute transmembrane diffusion. Identification of specific inhibitors for aquaporin family proteins has been difficult, due to high sequence similarity between the 13 human isoforms, and due to the limited channel surface areas that permit inhibitor binding. The few AQP9 inhibitor molecules described to date were not suitable for in vivo experiments. We now describe the characterization of a new small molecule AQP9 inhibitor, RG100204 in cell-based calcein-quenching assays, and by stopped-flow light-scattering recordings of AQP9 permeability in proteoliposomes. Moreover, we investigated the effects of RG100204 on glycerol metabolism in mice. In cell-based assays, RG100204 blocked AQP9 water permeability and glycerol permeability with similar, high potency (~5 × 10-8 M). AQP9 channel blocking by RG100204 was confirmed in proteoliposomes. After oral gavage of db/db mice with RG100204, a dose-dependent elevation of plasma glycerol was observed. A blood glucose-lowering effect was not statistically significant. These experiments establish RG100204 as a direct blocker of the AQP9 channel, and suggest its use as an experimental tool for in vivo experiments on AQP9 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina Florio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelica Engfors
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Massaro
- Department of Management, Finance and Technology, Libera Università Mediterranea (LUM) “Giuseppe Degennaro” LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
- LUM Enterprise Srl, S.S. 100-Km18, Parco il Baricentro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Stella Timpka
- Red Glead Discovery AB, Medicon Village, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Per Kjellbom
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric Beitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Rützler
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Apoglyx AB, Medicon Village, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Wei L, Zhu S, Yang H, Liao Z, Gong Z, Zhao W, Li Y, Gu J, Wei Z, Yang J. Keratin-Based Composite Bioactive Films and Their Preservative Effects on Cherry Tomato. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196331. [PMID: 36234870 PMCID: PMC9570676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, keratins were extracted from pig nail waste through the reduction method using L-cysteine as a reductant. Curcumin was successively incorporated in a mixed solution including keratin, gelatin, and glycerin to prepare different kinds of keratin/gelatin/glycerin/curcumin composite films. The morphology of the keratin/ gelatin/glycerin/curcumin composite films were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The structures and the molecular interactions between curcumin, keratin, and pectin were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the thermal properties were determined through thermogravimetric analysis. The tensile strengths of keratin/gelatin/glycerin/curcumin and keratin/gelatin/curcumin composite films are 13.73 and 12.45 MPa, respectively, and their respective elongations at break are 56.7% and 4.6%. In addition, compared with the control group (no film wrapped on the surface of tomato), the ratio of weight loss of the keratin (7.0%)/gelatin (10%)/glycerin (2.0%)/curcumin (1.0%) experimental groups is 8.76 ± 0.2%, and the hardness value of the tomatoes wrapped with composite films is 11.2 ± 0.39 kg/cm3. Finally, the composite films have a superior antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli because of the addition of curcumin. As the concentration of curcumin reaches 1.0%, the antibacterial activity effect of the film is significantly improved. The diameter of the inhibition zone of E. coli is (12.16 ± 0.53) mm, and that of S. aureus is (14.532 ± 0.97) mm. The multifunctional keratin/gelatin/glycerin/curcumin bioactive films have great potential application in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wei
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Jinhuacui Food Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239200, China
| | - Shuaijie Zhu
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Anhui Jinhuacui Food Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239200, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Zexuan Gong
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Zhaohui Wei
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Jianting Yang
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Correspondence:
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Buranaamnuay K, Aiemongkot S, Changsangfa C, Svasti S. The effect of cryopreservation media on the quality of β-thalassemia mouse spermatozoa. Open Vet J 2022; 12:602-611. [PMID: 36589404 PMCID: PMC9789754 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mouse model of human diseases is commonly used for biomedical study, including β-thalassemia (β-thal), an inherited hemoglobin disorder. Maintaining the mice strain by natural mating systems is costly and seems impractical, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sperm-freezing is a cost-effective solution for β-thal mouse colony management. Aim To determine appropriate cryopreservation media for β-thal mouse spermatozoa to establish a β-thal mouse sperm bank. Methods The epididymal spermatozoa of C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and β-globin gene knockout thalassemia (BKO) mice were frozen in four freezing media: I) raffinose-skim milk-monothioglycerol (MTG), II) raffinose-skim milk-glutamine, III) raffinose-egg yolk-glycerol, and IV) egg yolk-TES-Tris. The sperm quality was assessed prior to and following freeze-thawing. Results Compared with WT counterparts, the viable spermatozoa before freezing exhibiting elevated levels of oxidative stress were significantly greater in BKO (p = 0.01). After thawing, the membrane integrity of BKO spermatozoa preserved in I was significantly lower (p = 0.001). The sperm viability and membrane integrity of BKO males were also inferior when media III and IV were used (p = 0.008-0.027). The amount of oxidative stress in the spermatozoon of BKO mice was significantly greater when preserved in I, III, and IV (p = 0.002-0.044). Comparing freezing media, the motility and acrosome integrity of WT and BKO spermatozoa preserved in IV were significantly higher than those in other media (p < 0.001 to p = 0.01). Spermatozoa with the highest mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in I in both genotypes (p = 0.012 to p > 0.05). The viability, membrane integrity, and oxidative stress of post-thaw BKO spermatozoa did not significantly differ among freezing solutions. Conclusion Irrespective of freezing media, spermatozoa of BKO males are rather more sensitive to cryopreservation than those of WT. Raffinose-skim milk-MTG/glutamine, raffinose-egg yolk-glycerol, and egg yolk-TES-Tris can all be used to preserve BKO mouse spermatozoa. However, with slightly better sperm characteristics, egg yolk-TES-Tris may be a diluent of choice for BKO mouse sperm cryopreservation. The addition of a reducing agent to thawing media is also strongly recommended to efficiently prevent oxidative stress and therefore improve frozen-thawed sperm survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakanang Buranaamnuay
- Molecular Agricultural Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (MB), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suparada Aiemongkot
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences (MB), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chinarat Changsangfa
- Office of Research and Innovation Affair, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (MB), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences (MB), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Leachman JR, Cincinelli C, Ahmed N, Dalmasso C, Xu M, Gatineau E, Nikolajczyk BS, Yiannikouris F, Hinds TD, Loria AS. Early life stress exacerbates obesity in adult female mice via mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent increases in adipocyte triglyceride and glycerol content. Life Sci 2022; 304:120718. [PMID: 35714704 PMCID: PMC10987253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that Maternal Separation and Early Weaning (MSEW) exacerbates high fat diet (HF)-induced visceral obesity in female offspring compared to normally reared female mice. Stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are critical mediators in the process of fat expansion, and both can activate the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the adipocyte. Therefore, this study aimed to, comprehend the specific effects of MSEW on adipose tissue basic homeostatic function, and investigate whether female MSEW mice show an exacerbated obesogenic response mediated by MR. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), a type of visceral fat, was collected to assess lipidomics, transcriptomics, and in vitro lipolysis assay. Obese female MSEW mice showed increased adiposity, elevated 44:2/FA 18:2 + NH4 lipid class and reduced mitochondrial DNA density compared to obese control counterparts. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing in isolated pre- and mature adipocytes showed a ~9-fold downregulation of aquaglycerolporin 3 (Aqp3), a channel responsible for glycerol efflux in adipocytes. Obese MSEW mice showed high levels of circulating aldosterone and gWAT-derived corticosterone compared to controls. Further, the MR blocker spironolactone (Spiro, 100 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks) normalized the elevated intracellular glycerol levels, the greater in vitro lipolysis response, and the number of large size adipocytes in MSEW mice compared to the controls. Our data suggests that MR plays a role promoting adipocyte hypertrophy in female MSEW mice by preventing lipolysis via glycerol release in favor of triglyceride formation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cole Cincinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eva Gatineau
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederique Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Dyshlovoy SA, Fedorov SN, Svetashev VI, Makarieva TN, Kalinovsky AI, Moiseenko OP, Krasokhin VB, Shubina LK, Guzii AG, von Amsberg G, Stonik VA. 1-O-Alkylglycerol Ethers from the Marine Sponge Guitarra abbotti and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070409. [PMID: 35877702 PMCID: PMC9319591 DOI: 10.3390/md20070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity-bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract from the marine sponge Guitarra abbotti, whose 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol ethers (AGEs) have not been investigated so far, led to the isolation of a complex lipid fraction containing, along with previously known compounds, six new lipids of the AGE type. The composition of the AGE fraction as well as the structures of 6 new and 22 previously known compounds were established using 1H and 13C NMR, GC/MS, and chemical conversion methods. The new AGEs were identified as: 1-O-(Z-docos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (1), 1-O-(Z-docos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (2), 1-O-(Z-tricos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (3), 1-O-(Z-tricos-16-enyl)-sn-glycerol (4), 1-O-(Z-tricos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (5), and 1-O-(Z-tetracos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (6). The isolated AGEs show weak cytotoxic activity in THP-1, HL-60, HeLa, DLD-1, SNU C4, SK-MEL-28, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cells. A further cytotoxicity analysis in JB6 P+ Cl41 cells bearing mutated MAP kinase genes revealed that ERK2 and JNK1 play a cytoprotective role in the cellular response to the AGE-induced cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Science-Intensive Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.A.D.); (S.N.F.)
| | - Sergey N. Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.D.); (S.N.F.)
| | - Vasily I. Svetashev
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatiana N. Makarieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Anatoliy I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Olga P. Moiseenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vladimir B. Krasokhin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Larisa K. Shubina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Alla G. Guzii
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
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Wang J, Chawdhary G, Yang X, Morin F, Khalid-Raja M, Farrell J, MacDougall D, Chen F, Morris DP, Adamson RBA. Optical Clearing Agents for Optical Imaging Through Cartilage Tympanoplasties: A Preclinical Feasibility Study. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e467-e474. [PMID: 35239620 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Optical clearing agents (OCAs) can render cartilage tympanoplasty grafts sufficiently transparent to permit visualization of middle ear structures in an operated ear using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. METHODS Pieces of human tragal cartilage were treated with glycerol, a commonly used OCA. A reference reflector was imaged with OCT through the tympanoplasty as it cleared and the optical attenuation of the graft was measured. The reversibility of clearing and the dimensional changes associated with glycerol absorption were also measured. In a separate experiment, a human cadaveric temporal bone was prepared to simulate an ossiculoplasty surgery with cartilage replacement of the tympanic membrane. A partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) inserted in the ear was imaged with OCT through a 0.4mm cartilage graft optically cleared with glycerol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The optical attenuation of 0.4mm cartilage grafts decreased at 2.3+/-1.1 dB/min following treatment with glycerol, reaching a total decrease in attenuation of 13.6+/-5.9 dB after 7 minutes. The optical and dimensional effects of glycerol absorption were reversable following saline washout. In the temporal bone preparation, treatment of a cartilage graft with glycerol resulted in a 13 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio and a 13 dB increase in contrast for visualizing the PORP through the graft with OCT. CONCLUSIONS Optical clearing agents offer a potential pathway towards optical coherence tomography imaging of the middle ear in post-surgical ears with cartilage grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University
| | - Gaurav Chawdhary
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, U.K
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Francis Morin
- Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Mamoona Khalid-Raja
- Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Great Manchester, England, U.K
| | | | | | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - David P Morris
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Robert B A Adamson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, Maranda‐Robitaille M, Routhier J, Beaulieu M, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Glycerol contained in vaping liquids affects the liver and aspects of energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15146. [PMID: 35075822 PMCID: PMC8787618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gabrielle Bouffard
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Maranda‐Robitaille
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
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Alvarado-Fernández AM, Rodríguez-López EA, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Mosquera-Arévalo AR, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Trespalacios-Rangel AA. Effect of two preservation methods on the viability and enzyme production of a recombinant Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) strain. Cryobiology 2021; 105:32-40. [PMID: 34951975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii, previously known as Pichia pastoris, has been reported as a host for producing human recombinant lysosomal enzymes intended for enzyme replacement therapy. K. phaffii has advantages such as easy genetic handling, rapid growth, cost-effective mediums, and the ability to develop mammalian-like post-translational modifications. To maintain cell viability and enzyme activity over time, it is important to consider the bioprocess optimization and the proper selection and preservation of clones. In this study, we evaluated the effect of glycerol and skim milk in cryopreservation at -80 °C, as well as the use of skim milk or its combination with NaCl, disaccharides or sorbitol in freeze-drying on the cell viability and activity of a recombinant lysosomal enzyme (i.e., human β-hexosaminidase-A) produced in K. phaffii GS115 strain. The results showed that cryopreservation with glycerol and skim milk, as well as freeze-drying using disaccharides and sorbitol with skim milk, maintained the viability above 80%. Although variations in enzyme activity among treatments were found, the use of disaccharides had a positive effect on the enzymatic activity levels. This is the first report of the evaluation of two suitable methods to preserve a recombinant K. phaffii strain, preventing the loss of viability and maintaining the activity of the recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Faculty of Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC). Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Faculty of Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | | | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Faculty of Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
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Xie Q, Cai X, Dong X, Wang Y, Sun M, Tai L, Xu Y. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate combined with ascorbic acid and glycerol on the stability and uric acid-lowering activity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:157-166. [PMID: 33556300 PMCID: PMC8871600 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1878235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is unstable and easily oxidized, which limits its applications. Ascorbic acid (Vc) is a natural antioxidant. OBJECTIVE The effects of EGCG combined with Vc and glycerol on stability and uric acid-lowering activity of EGCG were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS EGCG (aqueous solution), EGCG + Vc (aqueous solution), EGCG (glycerol solution) and EGCG + Vc (glycerol solution) were prepared and incubated under different conditions in vitro. The recovery rate of EGCG was calculated by HPLC. Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, allopurinol (5 mg/kg), EGCG (10 mg/kg), EGCG + Vc (both 10 mg/kg), EGCG (10 mg/kg) + glycerol (60%), and EGCG (10 mg/kg) + Vc (10 mg/kg) + glycerol (60%) (n = 6). Allopurinol was injected intraperitoneally to mice, others were administered intragastrically to (2 cases) mice. All mice were continuously administrated for 7 days, once a day. RESULTS EGCG recovery rates of EGCG group and EGCG + Vc + glycerol group respectively reached to 32.34 ± 1.86% and 98.90 ± 0.64% when they were incubated for 4 h at 80 °C. EGCG recovery rates reached to 91.82 ± 5.13% (incubated for 6 h at pH 8) and 88.85 ± 2.63% (incubated for 4 h in simulated intestinal fluid) when EGCG incubated with Vc and glycerol. Compared with the model group, UA values of EGCG + Vc + glycerol group reduced by 43.49% while EGCG group reduced by 25.63%. The activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD, 31.41 U/gprot) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, 10.05 U/mgprot), and the mRNA expression levels of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9, 1.03) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1, 0.44) in EGCG + Vc + glycerol group were notably lower than those of EGCG group (38.12 U/gprot, 13.16 U/mgprot, 1.54, and 0.55). The mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2, 1.39) and organic anion transport 1/2 (OAT1/2, 2.34, 2.53) in EGCG + Vc + glycerol group were notably higher than those of EGCG group (0.57, 1.13, and 1.16). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that when EGCG used in combination with Vc and glycerol could effectively increase its biology activities and can be generalized to the broader pharmacological studies. This sheds light on the development and application of EGCG in the fields of food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaqiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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Bussons INB, Sousa EDS, Aride PHR, Duncan WLP, Pantoja-Lima J, Furuya WM, Oliveira ATD, Bussons MRFM, Faggio C. Growth performance, hematological responses and economic indexes of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) fed graded levels of glycerol. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109122. [PMID: 34237425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, hematological responses and economic indicators of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed different levels of partial replacement of corn by glycerol (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The experiment was conducted for 90 days in the production of aquatic organisms lab at the Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, and consisted of four treatments, four repetitions and two sampling times. In total, 240 juveniles were used with initial average weight and standard length of 15.32 ± 1,61 g and 8.03 ± 0.22 cm, respectively. The fish were maintained in twenty 310 L water tanks that had a closed system with no reuse, continuous aeration, siphoning and replacement of water every 48 h. Feeding was twice a day with the experimental diets, which contained 28% crude protein. The following parameters were considered: zootechnical checks (weight gain + survival %), welfare (health) (hepatosomatic index + condition factor + viscerosomatic index), economic (Economic efficiency rate + economic profitability index) and hematology (hematology + metabolites + ions). The results of the study show that diets for juvenile tambaqui can contain up to 50% replacement of corn by glycerol without compromising the fishes' development under the conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurych Nicolau Barros Bussons
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Fishery Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - FAS, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, 69067-005 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Dona Branca Farm, BR 101, km 211, South direction, 28860-000, Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elcimar da Silva Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Nilton Lins University, Av. Nilton Lins, 3259, 69058-030 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Manaus Centtro, Av. 7 de setembro, 1975, 69020-120 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wallice Luiz Paxiúba Duncan
- Functional Morphology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gal Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, 69067-005, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jackson Pantoja-Lima
- Federal Institute of Eduction, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Presidente Figueiredo, Av. Onça Pintada, 1308, 69735-000 Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wilson Massamitu Furuya
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Manaus Centtro, Av. 7 de setembro, 1975, 69020-120 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
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Heil LBB, Cruz FF, Antunes MA, Braga CL, Agra LC, Bose Leão RM, Abreu SC, Pelosi P, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00873. [PMID: 34632734 PMCID: PMC8503301 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized whether propofol or active propofol component (2,6-diisopropylphenol [DIPPH] and lipid excipient [LIP-EXC]) separately may alter inflammatory mediators expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly assigned to receive a standard (lean) or obesity-inducing diet (obese) for 12 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from lean and obese animals were exposed to propofol (50 µM), active propofol component (50 µM, 2,6-DIPPH), and lipid excipient (soybean oil, purified egg phospholipid, and glycerol) for 1 h. The primary outcome was IL-6 expression after propofol and its components exposure by alveolar macrophages extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The secondary outcomes were the production of mediators released by macrophages from adipose tissue, and neutrophils from lung and adipose tissues, and neutrophil migration. IL-6 increased after the exposure to both propofol (median [interquartile range] 4.14[1.95-5.20]; p = .04) and its active component (2,6-DIPPH) (4.09[1.67-5.91]; p = .04) in alveolar macrophages from obese animals. However, only 2,6-DIPPH increased IL-10 expression (7.59[6.28-12.95]; p = .001) in adipose tissue-derived macrophages. Additionally, 2,6-DIPPH increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 and 4 (CXCR2 and CXCR4, respectively) in lung (10.08[8.23-29.01]; p = .02; 1.55[1.49-3.43]; p = .02) and adipose tissues (8.78[4.15-11.57]; p = .03; 2.86[2.17-3.71]; p = .01), as well as improved lung-derived neutrophil migration (28.00[-3.42 to 45.07]; p = .001). In obesity, the active component of propofol affected both the M1 and M2 markers as well as neutrophils in both alveolar and adipose tissue cells, suggesting that lipid excipient may hinder the effects of active propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Boavista Barros Heil
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Mariana Alves Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Cassia Lisboa Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Lais Costa Agra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rebecca Madureira Bose Leão
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Soraia Carvalho Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated DiagnosticsUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Anesthesia and Intensive CareSan Martino Policlinico Hospital – IRCCS for Oncology and NeurosciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Zhao F, Wu Y, Wang Q, Zheng M, Cui Q. Glycerol or crude glycerol as substrates make Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieve anaerobic production of rhamnolipids. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:185. [PMID: 34556134 PMCID: PMC8461908 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anaerobic production of rhamnolipids is significant in research and application, such as foamless fermentation and in situ production of rhamnolipids in the anoxic environments. Although a few studies reported that some rare Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains can produce rhamnolipids anaerobically, the decisive factors for anaerobic production of rhamnolipids were unknown. RESULTS Two possible hypotheses on the decisive factors for anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa were proposed, the strains specificity of rare P. aeruginosa (hypothesis 1) and the effect of specific substrates (hypothesis 2). This study assessed the anaerobic growth and rhamnolipids synthesis of three P. aeruginosa strains using different substrates. P. aeruginosa strains anaerobically grew well using all the tested substrates, but glycerol was the only carbon source that supported anaerobic production of rhamnolipids. Other carbon sources with different concentrations still failed for anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa. Nitrate was the excellent nitrogen source for anaerobic production of rhamnolipids. FTIR spectra analysis confirmed the anaerobically produced rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa using glycerol. The anaerobically produced rhamnolipids decreased air-water surface tension to below 29.0 mN/m and emulsified crude oil with EI24 above 65%. Crude glycerol and 1, 2-propylene glycol also supported the anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by all P. aeruginosa strains. Prospects and bottlenecks to anaerobic production of rhamnolipids were also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Glycerol substrate was the decisive factor for anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa. Strain specificity resulted in the different anaerobic yield of rhamnolipids. Crude glycerol was one low cost substrate for anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa. Results help advance the research on anaerobic production of rhamnolipids, deepen the biosynthesis theory of rhamnolipids and optimize the anaerobic production of rhamnolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Qingfeng Cui
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (Langfang), Langfang, 065007, Hebei, China
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Metreveli E, Khardziani T, Elisashvili V. The Carbon Source Controls the Secretion and Yield of Polysaccharide-Hydrolyzing Enzymes of Basidiomycetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091341. [PMID: 34572556 PMCID: PMC8466102 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the polysaccharide-hydrolyzing secretomes of Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr. (1828) BCC104, Pycnoporus coccineus (Fr.) Bondartsev and Singer (1941) BCC310, and Schizophyllum commune Fr. (1815) BCC632 were analyzed in submerged fermentation conditions to elucidate the effect of chemically and structurally different carbon sources on the expression of cellulases and xylanase. Among polymeric substrates, crystalline cellulose appeared to be the best carbon source providing the highest endoglucanase, total cellulase, and xylanase activities. Mandarin pomace as a growth substrate for S. commune allowed to achieve comparatively high volumetric activities of all target enzymes while wheat straw induced a significant secretion of cellulase and xylanase activities of I. lacteus and P. coccineus. An additive effect on the secretion of cellulases and xylanases by the tested fungi was observed when crystalline cellulose was combined with mandarin pomace. In I. lacteus the cellulase and xylanase production is inducible in the presence of cellulose-rich substrates but is suppressed in the presence of an excess of easily metabolizable carbon source. These enzymes are expressed in a coordinated manner under all conditions studied. It was shown that the substitution of glucose in the inoculum medium with Avicel provides accelerated enzyme production by I. lacteus and higher cellulase and xylanase activities of the fungus. These results add new knowledge to the physiology of basidiomycetes to improve cellulase production.
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Hobbs RJ, Upton R, Keogh L, James K, Baxter-Gilbert J, Whiting MJ. Sperm cryopreservation in an Australian skink (Eulamprus quoyii). Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:428-437. [PMID: 34420549 DOI: 10.1071/rd21031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies for population and genetic management for threatened herpetofauna have grown substantially in the past decade. Here we describe experiments to optimise sperm cryopreservation in a model squamate, the eastern water skink Eulamprus quoyii. Small, concentrated volumes of highly motile spermatozoa were reliably collected from adult male E. quoyii by non-lethal ventral massage. Samples were used to: (1) test whether protein-rich diluents, namely Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE) and TES and Tris (TEST) yolk buffer (TYB), improve post-thaw quality metrics compared with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS); and (2) compare the efficacy of these diluents in combination with either 1.35M glycerol or 1.35M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at two freezing rates, fast (approximately -20°C min-1) versus slow (-6°C min-1). Glycerol and DMSO performed equally well in preserving spermatozoa under slow freezing rates. Under these conditions, the use of the complex diluents BPSE and TYB significantly improved post-thaw total motility compared with DPBS. Complex interactions occurred between cryodiluent type, cryoprotectant and freezing rate when testing fast versus slow freezing rates among treatment groups. Under slow freezing rates, DMSO was better at preserving membrane integrity and motility, regardless of diluent type, but successful fast freezing required complex diluents to support motility and membrane integrity, which has implications for implementation in a field setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hobbs
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia; and Corresponding author
| | - Rose Upton
- Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Leesa Keogh
- Office of the NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer, MLC Centre, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Karen James
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Taronga Western Plains Zoo, Dubbo, NSW 2830, Australia
| | - James Baxter-Gilbert
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Rakbanjong N, Okutsu T, Chotigeat W, Songnui A, Wonglapsuwan M. Cryopreservation of Germ Cells of Banana Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) and Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2021; 23:590-601. [PMID: 34272626 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell cryopreservation has been used to preserve many fish species. However, this method has not been established for crustaceans; thus, we attempted to do this herein. The efficiency of slow freezing was compared to vitrification methods for germ cell cryopreservation in two types of marine shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and Penaeus monodon. In situ hybridization with a vasa probe was used to identify germ cells. The effects of three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), on germ cell viability and recovery rate were compared at three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%). The effects of thawing temperature, including 10 and 27 °C, were also investigated. We discovered that 10% DMSO with the vitrification is suitable for preserving the germ cells of F. merguiensis for a long time, whereas 10% GLY with vitrification is suitable for P. monodon. Moreover, the most suitable thawing temperature was 10 °C for both species. This is the first report of germ cell cryopreservation in crustaceans. Thus, we provide evidence that crustacean germ cells can be preserved long-term in liquid nitrogen; this is the first step in the sustainable preservation of crustaceans, especially shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Rakbanjong
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Tomoyuki Okutsu
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Anida Songnui
- Trang Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, Trang, 92150, Thailand
| | - Monwadee Wonglapsuwan
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
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69
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Abstract
Cryopreservation is the only reliable method for long-term storage of biological material that guarantees genetic stability. This technique can be extremely useful for the conservation of endangered species and restock natural populations for declining species. Many factors have negatively affected the populations of high economical value shellfish in Spain and, as a result, many are declining or threatened nowadays. This study was focused on early-life stages of Venerupis corrugata, Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum to develop successful protocols to enhance the conservation effort and sustainable shellfishery resources. Firstly, common cryoprotecting agents (CPAs) were tested to select the suitable permeable CPA attending to toxicity. Cryopreservation success using different combinations of CPA solutions, increasing equilibrium times and larval stages was evaluated attending to survival and shell growth at 2 days post-thawing. Older clam development stages were more tolerant to CPA toxicity, being ethylene-glycol (EG) and Propylene-glycol (PG) the least toxic CPAs. CPA solution containing EG yielded the highest post-thawing survival rate and the increase of equilibration time was not beneficial for clam larvae. Cryopreservation of trochophores yielded around 50% survivorship, whereas over 80% of cryopreserved D-larvae were able to recover after thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Heres
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Laboratorio de Ecoloxía Costeira (ECOCOST), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Troncoso
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Laboratorio de Ecoloxía Costeira (ECOCOST), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - E Paredes
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Laboratorio de Ecoloxía Costeira (ECOCOST), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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70
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Zhao Y, Li S, Wang J, Liu Y, Deng Y. Roles of High Osmolarity Glycerol and Cell Wall Integrity Pathways in Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126169. [PMID: 34201004 PMCID: PMC8226467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a carcinogen that can induce ER stress, DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell death. The yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways paly crucial roles in response to various stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway are all essential for yeast cells to defend against the cadmium-induced toxicity, including the elevated ROS and cell death levels induced by cadmium. We show that the UPR pathway is required for the cadmium-induced phosphorylation of HOG_MAPK Hog1 but not for CWI_MAPK Slt2, while Slt2 but not Hog1 is required for the activation of the UPR pathway through the transcription factors of Swi6 and Rlm1. Moreover, deletion of HAC1 and IRE1 could promote the nuclear accumulation of Hog1, and increase the cytosolic and bud neck localisation of Slt2, indicating crucial roles of Hog1 and Slt2 in regulating the cellular process in the absence of UPR pathway. Altogether, our findings highlight the significance of these two MAPK pathways of HOG and CWI and their interrelationship with the UPR pathway in responding to cadmium-induced toxicity in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Shiyun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingli Liu
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Correspondence:
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71
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Saberivand A, Pashapour S, Noghani AE, Namvar Z. Synergistic effect of royal jelly in combination with glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide on cryoprotection of Romanov ram sperm. Cryobiology 2021; 104:87-97. [PMID: 34077710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sperm fertility decreases significantly after freezing. Providing a suitable and useful diluent compound for freezing ram sperm can increase the efficiency of artificial insemination and consequently, the reproductive performance of sheep. Various biological properties such as antibacterial, anti-cancer, immunosuppressive, antioxidant and reproductive properties of royal jelly (RJ) are well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible synergistic effect of royal jelly in combination with glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in sperm cryopreservation extender of Romanov ram. The pooled semen samples from 5 Romanov rams were allocated into 3 experiments. The effect of 6% DMSO, 6% glycerol and a combination of 3% DMSO +3% glycerol co-supplemented with 1, 2 and 3% RJ was evaluated in 3 experiments. Samples were frozen by conventional slow freezing method and post-thaw parameters of total motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, DNA damage, apoptosis, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The results showed that the percentage of motility, progressive motility, TAC, GPx, SOD and all sperm kinematic parameters except LIN in the group containing 2% RJ + 6% DMSO was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Some parameters such as progressive motility, sperm membrane integrity, TAC, GPx, VAP, VCL, STR and SRT in the group containing 2% RJ + 6% DMSO were more than (p < 0.05) in the sperm group containing 1% RJ + 6% DMSO. MDA values in sperm groups containing 2% RJ + 6% DMSO were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the sperm containing 1% royal jelly and the control group. In the sperm group containing 2% RJ + 6% glycerol, sperm membrane integrity, TAC, GPx, SOD, progressive motility and all sperm kinematic parameters except VAP were higher and MDA values and sperm abnormalities were lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The sperm group containing 1% RJ and 3% DMSO +3% glycerol had higher motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, and all sperm kinematic parameters except VSL; and lower sperm abnormalities, DNA damage, apoptosis and MDA than the control group (p < 0.05). As a general conclusion of this study, the addition of 2% RJ + 3% DMSO and 3% glycerol to the freezing extender improved microscopic and biochemical ram sperm parameters after the freeze-thaw process. Hence, moderate concentrations of royal jelly (2%) are sufficient to protect sperm from freezing damage, and high (3%) and low (1%) concentrations do not have a good cryoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Saberivand
- Theriogenology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seddigheh Pashapour
- Theriogenology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhessam Eskafi Noghani
- Theriogenology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Namvar
- Biotechnology Laboratory, National Breeding Center and Improvement of Animal Production, P.O.Box 31585-963, Meshkindasht Road, Karaj, Iran
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72
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Lakshmi S, Varija Raghu S, Elumalai P, Sivan S. Alkoxy glycerol enhanced activity of Oxyresveratrol in Alzheimer's disease by rescuing Tau protein. Neurosci Lett 2021; 759:135981. [PMID: 34023407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease perpetually demands enormous research on the development of effective treatment strategies. The present study aims to define the role of Oxyresveratrol (OXY) alone and in combination with Alkoxy glycerols (AKG) to reduce Tau protein level and improve the climbing behaviour of Drosophila fly models expressed with human-Tau protein. Oxyresveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene, possesses a wide range of biological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, chemical instability and low solubility of OXY in aqueous solutions reduce its bioavailability and hinder it from exerting neuroprotective activities. An inclusion complex of OXY with β- cyclodextrin (CD) (OXY-CD complex) was employed in the study for increased dissolution rate and oral availability of OXY. Fish oils and their derivatives have a plethora of applications in in vivo biological activities. Herein, we also remark on the role of AKG in reducing Tau protein level in flies by enhancing OXY-CD activity. Dietary supplementation of OXY-CD together with AKG improved the learning and memory abilities during the climbing assay in Tau flies. The study highlights OXY-CD and AKG as neuroprotective agents and put forward a plausible approach towards the increased permeability of pharmacological agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the central nervous system elicited by AKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Lakshmi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Sureshkumar Sivan
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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73
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Arutyunyan IV, Kananykhina EY, Elchaninov AV, Fatkhudinov TK. Influence of Sucrose on the Efficiency of Cryopreservation of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells with the Use of Various Penetrating Cryoprotectants. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:150-155. [PMID: 34050836 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of sucrose applied in combination with different concentrations of penetrating cryoprotectants (DMSO, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) on the efficiency of cryopreservation of umbilical cord-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSC). The results indicate that these cells can be cryopreserved with the use of 5-10% DMSO or ethylene glycol with equal efficiency; addition of 0.2 M sucrose does not affect cell survival after thawing. The efficiency of glycerol as a cryoprotectant increases with increasing its concentration from 5 to 10%, but remains significantly lower than the efficiency of DMSO or ethylene glycol. Addition of sucrose to a final concentration of 0.2 M increases the efficiency of glycerol. The efficiency of combination of 10% glycerol and sucrose was comparable with that of combinations of DMSO and ethylene glycol with sucrose. The mechanism of the observed enhancement is apparently related to the influence of sucrose on the dynamic properties of the lipid membranes and facilitation of glycerol diffusion into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Arutyunyan
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A V Elchaninov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Kh Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
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74
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Zhang J, Feng F, Zhao M. Glycerol Monocaprylate Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production without Adverse Effects on Metabolism and Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:1427. [PMID: 33922631 PMCID: PMC8147114 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a glycerol derivative of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and is widely used as a preservative in food processing. However, GMC and its hydrolytic acid (octylic acid) have antibacterial properties that may affect the physiology and intestinal microecology of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the effects of two different dosages of GMC (150 and 1600 mg kg-1) on glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal microecology of normal diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the level of triglycerides (TGs) in the low-dose group down-regulated significantly, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) significantly increased, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. Importantly, GMC promoted the α-diversity of gut microbiota in normal-diet-fed mice, regardless of dosages. Additionally, it was found that the low-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while the high-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producers such as Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly increased by GMC supplementation. Thus, our research provides a novel insight into the effects of GMC on gut microbiota and physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (F.F.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (F.F.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (F.F.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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75
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Hossen S, Sharker MR, Cho Y, Sukhan ZP, Kho KH. Effects of Antifreeze Protein III on Sperm Cryopreservation of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083917. [PMID: 33920155 PMCID: PMC8069295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is a highly commercial seafood in Southeast Asia. The aim of the present study was to improve the sperm cryopreservation technique for this valuable species using an antifreeze protein III (AFPIII). Post-thaw sperm quality parameters including motility, acrosome integrity (AI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), DNA integrity, fertility, hatchability, and mRNA abundance level of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were determined to ensure improvement of the cryopreservation technique. Post-thaw motility of sperm cryopreserved with AFPIII at 10 µg/mL combined with 8% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (61.3 ± 2.7%), 8% ethylene glycol (EG) (54.3 ± 3.3%), 6% propylene glycol (PG) (36.6 ± 2.6%), or 2% glycerol (GLY) (51.7 ± 3.0%) was significantly improved than that of sperm cryopreserved without AFPIII. Post-thaw motility of sperm cryopreserved with 2% MeOH and 1 µg/mL of AFPIII was also improved than that of sperm cryopreserved without AFPIII. A combination of 10 µg/mL AFPIII with 8% DMSO resulted in the highest post-thaw motility, showing AI of 60.1 ± 3.9%, PMI of 67.2 ± 4.0%, and MMP of 59.1 ± 4.3%. DNA integrity of sperm cryopreserved using 10 µg/mL AFPIII combined with 8% DMSO was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from that of fresh sperm. Cryopreservation using a combination of AFPIII with 8% DMSO improved fertilization and hatching rates of sperm compared to that of cryopreservation without supplementation of 10 µg/mL AFPIII. Sperm cryopreserved using AFPIII showed higher mRNA abundance levels of HSP90 than those cryopreserved without AFPIII. Results of the present study suggest that 10 µg/mL AFPIII combined with 8% DMSO can be used for large scale cryopreservation of Pacific abalone sperm and for hatchery production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaharior Hossen
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeonnam, Korea; (S.H.); (M.R.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.S.)
| | - Md. Rajib Sharker
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeonnam, Korea; (S.H.); (M.R.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.S.)
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Yusin Cho
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeonnam, Korea; (S.H.); (M.R.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.S.)
| | - Zahid Parvez Sukhan
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeonnam, Korea; (S.H.); (M.R.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.S.)
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeonnam, Korea; (S.H.); (M.R.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-616-597-168; Fax: +82-616-597-169
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Boyer S, Hérissant L, Sherlock G. Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009314. [PMID: 33493203 PMCID: PMC7861553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental conditions of microorganisms' habitats may fluctuate in unpredictable ways, such as changes in temperature, carbon source, pH, and salinity to name a few. Environmental heterogeneity presents a challenge to microorganisms, as they have to adapt not only to be fit under a specific condition, but they must also be robust across many conditions and be able to deal with the switch between conditions itself. While experimental evolution has been used to gain insight into the adaptive process, this has largely been in either unvarying or consistently varying conditions. In cases where changing environments have been investigated, relatively little is known about how such environments influence the dynamics of the adaptive process itself, as well as the genetic and phenotypic outcomes. We designed a systematic series of evolution experiments where we used two growth conditions that have differing timescales of adaptation and varied the rate of switching between them. We used lineage tracking to follow adaptation, and whole genome sequenced adaptive clones from each of the experiments. We find that both the switch rate and the order of the conditions influences adaptation. We also find different adaptive outcomes, at both the genetic and phenotypic levels, even when populations spent the same amount of total time in the two different conditions, but the order and/or switch rate differed. Thus, in a variable environment adaptation depends not only on the nature of the conditions and phenotypes under selection, but also on the complexity of the manner in which those conditions are combined to result in a given dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boyer
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lucas Hérissant
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gavin Sherlock
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lai JH, Liao EY, Liao YH, Sun CK. Investigating the optical clearing effects of 50% glycerol in ex vivo human skin by harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:329. [PMID: 33431907 PMCID: PMC7801418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging depth and quality of optical microscopy can be enhanced by optical clearing. Here we investigate the optical clearing of the ex vivo human skin by 50% glycerol topical application, which is allowed for cosmetic usage. Harmonic generation microscopy, by combining second and third harmonic generation (THG) modalities, was utilized to examine the clearing effect. The THG image intensity is sensitive to the improved optical homogeneity after optical clearing, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) image intensity in the dermis could serve as a beacon to confirm the reduction of the scattering in the epidermis layer. As a result, our study supports the OC effect through 50% glycerol topical application. Our study further indicates the critical role of stratum corneum shrinkage for the observed SHG and THG signal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Lai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - En-Yu Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Woodall M, Jacob J, Kalsi KK, Schroeder V, Davis E, Kenyon B, Khan I, Garnett JP, Tarran R, Baines DL. E-cigarette constituents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin decrease glucose uptake and its metabolism in airway epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L957-L967. [PMID: 32996783 PMCID: PMC7792687 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems, or e-cigarettes, utilize a liquid solution that normally contains propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) to generate vapor and act as a carrier for nicotine and flavorings. Evidence indicated these "carriers" reduced growth and survival of epithelial cells including those of the airway. We hypothesized that 3% PG or PG mixed with VG (3% PG/VG, 55:45) inhibited glucose uptake in human airway epithelial cells as a first step to reducing airway cell survival. Exposure of H441 or human bronchiolar epithelial cells (HBECs) to PG and PG/VG (30-60 min) inhibited glucose uptake and mitochondrial ATP synthesis. PG/VG inhibited glycolysis. PG/VG and mannitol reduced cell volume and height of air-liquid interface cultures. Mannitol, but not PG/VG, increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. PG/VG reduced transepithelial electrical resistance, which was associated with increased transepithelial solute permeability. PG/VG decreased fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of green fluorescent protein-linked glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT10, indicating that glucose transport function was compromised. Puffing PG/VG vapor onto the apical surface of primary HBECs for 10 min to mimic the effect of e-cigarette smoking also reduced glucose transport. In conclusion, short-term exposure to PG/VG, key components of e-cigarettes, decreased glucose transport and metabolism in airway cells. We propose that this was a result of PG/VG reduced cell volume and membrane fluidity, with further consequences on epithelial barrier function. Taking these results together, we suggest these factors contribute to reduced defensive properties of the epithelium. We propose that repeated/chronic exposure to these agents are likely to contribute to airway damage in e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Woodall
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Jacob
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. K. Kalsi
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - V. Schroeder
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E. Davis
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - B. Kenyon
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - I. Khan
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Garnett
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - R. Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - D. L. Baines
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
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79
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Yang J, Chen X, Lu W, Chen R, Liu M, Yao H, Li J, Hong J, Mao X. Reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain with foliar application of glycerol and its mechanisms of Cd transport inhibition. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127135. [PMID: 32535432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice grain has become a major global public health problem. Here, the effect of foliar glycerol application on Cd accumulation in brown rice was examined. Various spraying concentrations of glycerol between 0.4mM and 50mM were investigated and the results showed that 0.8 mM was the best application concentration for decreasing Cd content in brown rice. After different application period experiment, filling stage was considered as the optimal spraying time. 0.4mM-5mM glycerol application one time at the filling stage could significantly reduce Cd concentration in brown rice by 28.5%-60.4%. Cd transport factors (the ratio of brown rice and flag leaf/node) were decreased by 48.5% and 27.3%, respectively, with glycerol application. Glycerol application also significantly increased Cd concentration in soluble fraction in flag leaf while reduced inorganic Cd and water-soluble Cd in both flag leaf and stem. Our results showed foliar spraying glycerol inhibited Cd transport to brown rice through Cd compartmentalisation in the vacuole and transformation of cadmium chemical form. This study may provide a new method to effectively alleviate the problem of excessive Cd in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wencong Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Runcheng Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huanli Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jihong Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiale Hong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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80
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Wallert M, Nie C, Anilkumar P, Abbina S, Bhatia S, Ludwig K, Kizhakkedathu JN, Haag R, Block S. Mucin-Inspired, High Molecular Weight Virus Binding Inhibitors Show Biphasic Binding Behavior to Influenza A Viruses. Small 2020; 16:e2004635. [PMID: 33135314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent binding inhibitors are a promising new class of antivirals that prevent virus infections by inhibiting virus binding to cell membranes. The design of these inhibitors is challenging as many properties, for example, inhibitor size and functionalization with virus attachment factors, strongly influence the inhibition efficiency. Here, virus binding inhibitors are synthesized, the size and functionalization of which are inspired by mucins, which are naturally occurring glycosylated proteins with high molecular weight (MDa range) and interact efficiently with various viruses. Hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 2600 kDa are synthesized, thereby hitting the size of mucins and allowing for determining the impact of inhibitor size on the inhibition efficiency. The hPGs are functionalized with sialic acids and sulfates, as suggested from the structure of mucins, and their inhibition efficiency is determined by probing the inhibition of influenza A virus (IAV) binding to membranes using various methods. The largest, mucin-sized inhibitor shows potent inhibition at pm concentrations, while the inhibition efficiency decreases with decreasing the molecular weight. Interestingly, the concentration-dependent IAV inhibition shows a biphasic behavior, which is attributed to differences in the binding affinity of the inhibitors to the two IAV envelope proteins, neuraminidase, and hemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wallert
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emmy-Noether Group "Bionanointerfaces", Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Parambath Anilkumar
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Research Center for Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emmy-Noether Group "Bionanointerfaces", Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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81
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Atolia E, Cesar S, Arjes HA, Rajendram M, Shi H, Knapp BD, Khare S, Aranda-Díaz A, Lenski RE, Huang KC. Environmental and Physiological Factors Affecting High-Throughput Measurements of Bacterial Growth. mBio 2020; 11:e01378-20. [PMID: 33082255 PMCID: PMC7587430 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01378-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth under nutrient-rich and starvation conditions is intrinsically tied to the environmental history and physiological state of the population. While high-throughput technologies have enabled rapid analyses of mutant libraries, technical and biological challenges complicate data collection and interpretation. Here, we present a framework for the execution and analysis of growth measurements with improved accuracy over that of standard approaches. Using this framework, we demonstrate key biological insights that emerge from consideration of culturing conditions and history. We determined that quantification of the background absorbance in each well of a multiwell plate is critical for accurate measurements of maximal growth rate. Using mathematical modeling, we demonstrated that maximal growth rate is dependent on initial cell density, which distorts comparisons across strains with variable lag properties. We established a multiple-passage protocol that alleviates the substantial effects of glycerol on growth in carbon-poor media, and we tracked growth rate-mediated fitness increases observed during a long-term evolution of Escherichia coli in low glucose concentrations. Finally, we showed that growth of Bacillus subtilis in the presence of glycerol induces a long lag in the next passage due to inhibition of a large fraction of the population. Transposon mutagenesis linked this phenotype to the incorporation of glycerol into lipoteichoic acids, revealing a new role for these envelope components in resuming growth after starvation. Together, our investigations underscore the complex physiology of bacteria during bulk passaging and the importance of robust strategies to understand and quantify growth.IMPORTANCE How starved bacteria adapt and multiply under replete nutrient conditions is intimately linked to their history of previous growth, their physiological state, and the surrounding environment. While automated equipment has enabled high-throughput growth measurements, data interpretation and knowledge gaps regarding the determinants of growth kinetics complicate comparisons between strains. Here, we present a framework for growth measurements that improves accuracy and attenuates the effects of growth history. We determined that background absorbance quantification and multiple passaging cycles allow for accurate growth rate measurements even in carbon-poor media, which we used to reveal growth-rate increases during long-term laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli Using mathematical modeling, we showed that maximum growth rate depends on initial cell density. Finally, we demonstrated that growth of Bacillus subtilis with glycerol inhibits the future growth of most of the population, due to lipoteichoic acid synthesis. These studies highlight the challenges of accurate quantification of bacterial growth behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Atolia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Spencer Cesar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heidi A Arjes
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Manohary Rajendram
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Handuo Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin D Knapp
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Somya Khare
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrés Aranda-Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Richard E Lenski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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82
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Aravindan S, Chen S, Choudhry H, Molfetta C, Chen KY, Liu AYC. Osmolytes dynamically regulate mutant Huntingtin aggregation and CREB function in Huntington's disease cell models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15511. [PMID: 32968182 PMCID: PMC7511939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmolytes are organic solutes that change the protein folding landscape shifting the equilibrium towards the folded state. Herein, we use osmolytes to probe the structuring and aggregation of the intrinsically disordered mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) vis-a-vis the pathogenicity of mHtt on transcription factor function and cell survival. Using an inducible PC12 cell model of Huntington's disease (HD), we show that stabilizing polyol osmolytes drive the aggregation of Htt103QExon1-EGFP from a diffuse ensemble into inclusion bodies (IBs), whereas the destabilizing osmolyte urea does not. This effect of stabilizing osmolytes is innate, generic, countered by urea, and unaffected by HSP70 and HSC70 knockdown. A qualitatively similar result of osmolyte-induced mHtt IB formation is observed in a conditionally immortalized striatal neuron model of HD, and IB formation correlates with improved survival under stress. Increased expression of diffuse mHtt sequesters the CREB transcription factor to repress CREB-reporter gene activity. This repression is mitigated either by stabilizing osmolytes, which deplete diffuse mHtt or by urea, which negates protein-protein interaction. Our results show that stabilizing polyol osmolytes promote mHtt aggregation, alleviate CREB dysfunction, and promote survival under stress to support the hypothesis that lower molecular weight entities of disease protein are relevant pathogenic species in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyaas Aravindan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biology Laboratory, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Samantha Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biology Laboratory, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hannaan Choudhry
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biology Laboratory, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Celine Molfetta
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biology Laboratory, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kuang Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biology Laboratory, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alice Y C Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biology Laboratory, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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83
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Abstract
Polyol and sugar osmolytes are commonly used in therapeutic protein formulations. How they may affect protein structure and function is an important question. In this work, through NMR measurements, we show that glycerol and sorbitol (polyols), as well as glucose (sugar), can shorten protein backbone hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bond shortening is also captured by molecular dynamics simulations, which suggest a hydrogen bond competition mechanism. Specifically, osmolytes weaken hydrogen bonds between the protein and solvent to strengthen those within the protein. Although the hydrogen bond change is small, with the average experimental cross hydrogen bond 3hJNC' coupling of two proteins GB3 and TTHA increased by ~ 0.01 Hz by the three osmolytes (160 g/L), its effect on protein function should not be overlooked. This is exemplified by the PDZ3-peptide binding where several intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed and osmolytes shift the equilibrium towards the bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Liaoyuan An
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lishan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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84
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Hu Q, Shen L, Guo X, Hu X, Liu Z, Zhao G. A Microfluidic Approach for Cryoprotectant Screening: Preliminary Validation with Human Red Blood Cells. Cryo Letters 2020; 41:303-307. [PMID: 33988669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of microfluidics has overcome a series of long-term existing bottlenecks in the field of cryobiology. However, there is still no investigation regarding the on-chip rapid screening of cryoprotectant concentration optimization for the integration of the entire freeze, thaw and cell counting process. OBJECTIVE To establish an on-chip approach for rapid cryoprotectant screening and concentration optimization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rapid freezing of red blood cells with glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide was used to validate the proposed on-chip method. RESULTS The optimal cryoprotectant and its concentration can be determined with the described method, without the need of additional samplings and assays. The optimal concentration for glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide used in the validation experiments was 10% (w/v). CONCLUSION The microfluidic approach can be used for rapid cryoprotectant screening and concentration optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Hu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - L Shen
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - X Guo
- Hefei Blood Center, Hefei, China
| | - X Hu
- Hefei Blood Center, Hefei, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Thermal Sciences and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - G Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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85
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Nie C, Parshad B, Bhatia S, Cheng C, Stadtmüller M, Oehrl A, Kerkhoff Y, Wolff T, Haag R. Topology-Matching Design of an Influenza-Neutralizing Spiky Nanoparticle-Based Inhibitor with a Dual Mode of Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15532-15536. [PMID: 32421225 PMCID: PMC7497169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the concept of "topology-matching design" for virus inhibitors. With the current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV), we designed a nanoparticle-based inhibitor (nano-inhibitor) that has a matched nanotopology to IAV virions and shows heteromultivalent inhibitory effects on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The synthesized nano-inhibitor can neutralize the viral particle extracellularly and block its attachment and entry to the host cells. The virus replication was significantly reduced by 6 orders of magnitude in the presence of the reverse designed nano-inhibitors. Even when used 24 hours after the infection, more than 99.999 % inhibition is still achieved, which indicates such a nano-inhibitor might be a potent antiviral for the treatment of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- Unit 17Robert Koch InstitutSeestr. 1013353BerlinGermany
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road610065ChengduChina
| | | | - Alexander Oehrl
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
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86
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Tamminen A, Happonen P, Barth D, Holmström S, Wiebe MG. High throughput, small scale methods to characterise the growth of marine fungi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236822. [PMID: 32764772 PMCID: PMC7413501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various marine fungi have been shown to produce interesting, bioactive compounds, but scaling up the production of these compounds can be challenging, particularly because little is generally known about how the producing organisms grow. Here we assessed the suitability of using 100-well BioScreen plates or 96-well plates incubated in a robot hotel to cultivate eight filamentous marine fungi, six sporulating and two non-sporulating, to obtain data on growth and substrate (glucose, xylose, galactose or glycerol) utilisation in a high throughput manner. All eight fungi grew in both cultivation systems, but growth was more variable and with more noise in the data in the Cytomat plate hotel than in the BioScreen. Specific growth rates between 0.01 (no added substrate) and 0.07 h-1 were measured for strains growing in the BioScreen and between 0.01 and 0.27 h-1 for strains in the plate hotel. Three strains, Dendryphiella salina LF304, Penicillium chrysogenum KF657 and Penicillium pinophilum LF458, consistently had higher specific growth rates on glucose and xylose in the plate hotel than in the BioScreen, but otherwise results were similar in the two systems. However, because of the noise in data from the plate hotel, the data obtained from it could only be used to distinguish between substrates which did or did not support growth, whereas data from BioScreen also provided information on substrate preference. Glucose was the preferred substrate for all strains, followed by xylose and galactose. Five strains also grew on glycerol. Therefore it was important to minimise the amount of glycerol introduced with the inoculum to avoid misinterpreting the results for growth on poor substrates. We concluded that both systems could provide physiological data with filamentous fungi, provided sufficient replicates are included in the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tamminen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Petrus Happonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Dorothee Barth
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Holmström
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marilyn G. Wiebe
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
- * E-mail:
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87
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Pethő L, Kasza G, Lajkó E, Láng O, Kőhidai L, Iván B, Mező G. Amphiphilic drug-peptide-polymer conjugates based on poly(ethylene glycol) and hyperbranched polyglycerol for epidermal growth factor receptor targeting: the effect of conjugate aggregation on in vitro activity. Soft Matter 2020; 16:5759-5769. [PMID: 32530018 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous peptide-drug conjugates have been developed over the years to enhance the specificity and selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents for tumour cells. In our present work, epidermal growth factor receptor targeting drug-peptide conjugates were prepared using GE11 and D4 peptides. To ensure the drug release, the cathepsin B labile GFLG spacer was incorporated between the targeting peptide and the drug molecule (daunomycin), which significantly increased the hydrophobicity and thereby decreased the water solubility of the conjugates. To overcome the solubility problem, drug-peptide-polymer conjugates with systematic structural variations were prepared, by linking poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or a well-defined amino-monofunctional hyperbranched polyglycerol (HbPG) directly or via a pentaglycine spacer to the targeting peptides. All the drug-peptide-polymer conjugates were water-soluble as confirmed by turbidimetric measurements. The results of the in vitro cell viability and cellular uptake measurements on HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells proved that the HbPG and the PEG highly influenced the biological activity. The conjugation of the hydrophilic polymer resulted in the amphiphilic character of the conjugates, which led to self-aggregation and nanoparticle formation that decreased the cellular uptake above a specific aggregation concentration. On the other hand, the hydrodynamic volume and the different polymer chain topology of the linear PEG and the compact hyperbranched HbPG also played an important role in the biological activity. Therefore, in similar systems, the investigation of the colloidal properties is inevitable for the better understanding of the biological activity, which can reveal the structure-activity relationship of amphiphilic drug-peptide-polymer conjugates for efficient tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Pethő
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary.
| | - György Kasza
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary. and Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
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Porcu C, Sotgiu FD, Pasciu V, Cappai MG, Barbero-Fernández A, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Dattena M, Gallus M, Molle G, Berlinguer F. Administration of glycerol-based formulations in sheep results in similar ovulation rate to eCG but red blood cell indices may be affected. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:207. [PMID: 32571314 PMCID: PMC7310049 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and osmotic effects of different doses of glycerol or a glycerol - propylene glycol mixture in Sarda sheep with the aim to identify those able to beneficially modify ewe's metabolic status without harmful changes in red blood cell (RBC) indices. Thereafter, the selected doses were tested for their effects on ewe's ovarian activity during an induced follicular phase and compared to the effects of a hormonal treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). RESULTS Glycerol was administered alone (G groups: 90% glycerol and 10% water; % v/v) or in combination with propylene glycol (M groups: 70% glycerol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% water; % v/v). Treatments were formulated to provide 100, 75, 50 and 25% of the amount of energy supplied in previous experiments. Obtained results showed that the formulations G75 and M75 (22.5 and 18.2% on DM basis, respectively) induce metabolic changes comparable to those induced by M100. The latter dose has been already evaluated for its effects on sheep metabolism and reproductive performance. However, with these high doses, plasma osmolality increased significantly, and RBC indices showed significant alterations. The low dose groups (G25 and M25, 8.6 and 6.9% on DM basis, respectively) did not show any alterations in plasma osmolality and RBC indices, but the metabolic milieu differed markedly from that of M100. Between the medium dose groups, M50 (12.9% on DM basis) showed a more comparable milieu to M100 than G50 (15.9% on DM basis) and no RBC alterations. Therefore, M75, G75 and M50 doses were tested for their effect on ovarian functions and proved to be equally effective as eCG. CONCLUSION The results of the present study evidenced an alteration of RBC indices, and possibly of their functions, as a side effect of glycerol administration at high doses in the diet of ewes. Therefore, protocols foreseeing the administration of glycerol should be tested for their effects on RBC indices and functions. In general terms, the medium dose of the glucogenic mixture (12.9% of dietary DM on offer) should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Porcu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca D Sotgiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cappai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alicia Barbero-Fernández
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Campus de Villanueva de la Cañada, Avd. Universidad 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Dattena
- AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Fiammetta Berlinguer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Xin Y, Kielar C, Zhu S, Sikeler C, Xu X, Möser C, Grundmeier G, Liedl T, Heuer-Jungemann A, Smith DM, Keller A. Cryopreservation of DNA Origami Nanostructures. Small 2020; 16:e1905959. [PMID: 32130783 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although DNA origami nanostructures have found their way into numerous fields of fundamental and applied research, they often suffer from rather limited stability when subjected to environments that differ from the employed assembly conditions, that is, suspended in Mg2+ -containing buffer at moderate temperatures. Here, means for efficient cryopreservation of 2D and 3D DNA origami nanostructures and, in particular, the effect of repeated freezing and thawing cycles are investigated. It is found that, while the 2D DNA origami nanostructures maintain their structural integrity over at least 32 freeze-thaw cycles, ice crystal formation makes the DNA origami gradually more sensitive toward harsh sample treatment conditions. Whereas no freeze damage could be detected in 3D DNA origami nanostructures subjected to 32 freeze-thaw cycles, 1000 freeze-thaw cycles result in significant fragmentation. The cryoprotectants glycerol and trehalose are found to efficiently protect the DNA origami nanostructures against freeze damage at concentrations between 0.2 × 10-3 and 200 × 10-3 m and without any negative effects on DNA origami shape. This work thus provides a basis for the long-term storage of DNA origami nanostructures, which is an important prerequisite for various technological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kielar
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christoph Sikeler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christin Möser
- DNA Nanodevices Unit, Department Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Amelie Heuer-Jungemann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - David M Smith
- DNA Nanodevices Unit, Department Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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90
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Ahmed H, Jahan S, Salman MM, Ullah F. Effect of Different Concentrations of Fructose and Glycerol in Tris Citric Acid Extender on Postthaw Quality and Fertility of Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa. Cryo Letters 2020; 41:106-114. [PMID: 33988661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose is considered a vital energy source for metabolic events occurring naturally in the seminal plasma of buffalo spermatozoa. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of different concentrations of fructose and glycerol in tris citric acid extender on post thaw quality and in vivo fertility of buffalo spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen was collected from three bulls through artificial vagina (42 °C). Two ejaculates were collected from each bull per collection day and were evaluated initially for consistency, volume, motility and concentration, followed by dilution in five extenders with supplements (Treatment 1: F0.1,G7 = fructose 0.1 % + glycerol 7 %; T2: F0.2,G7= fructose 0.2 % + glycerol 7 %; T3: F0.4,G6.5 = fructose 0.4 % + glycerol 6.5%; T4: F0.8,G6 = fructose 0.8 %, glycerol 6 %; T5: F1.0,G5 = fructose 1 % + glycerol 5 %). The experiment was replicated four times and the data were assessed with ANOVA. RESULTS The results showed that percent progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity and supra-vital plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in extender supplemented with T5 than T1 and T2. Spem hypo-resistivity, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity were significantly higher in extender supplemented with T5 than T1. Moreover, sperm in vitro quality was significantly higher in T5 than T1 during 30 and 60 min of incubation at 37 ºC. Sperm in vivo fertility was significantly higher in extenders supplemented with T5 (57.3%) as compared to T1 (41.3%). CONCLUSION It is concluded that extender supplemented with T5 improved post thaw semen quality and in vivo fertility of buffalo bull.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP); Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - S Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M M Salman
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
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91
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Niu T, Fu G, Zhou J, Han H, Chen J, Wu W, Chen H. Floridoside Exhibits Antioxidant Properties by Activating HO-1 Expression via p38/ERK MAPK Pathway. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020105. [PMID: 32050604 PMCID: PMC7074132 DOI: 10.3390/md18020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Floridoside is a low-molecular-weight organic compound, which can be accumulated by red algae under stressful conditions to protect cells via its excellent antioxidant properties. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant mechanism of floridoside toward human hepatocyte L-02 cells. We found that floridoside had no toxicity to L-02 cells, and no reactive oxidative species were induced by it either. However, the expression of hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein was up-regulated upon exposure to floridoside, and two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px, were activated by floridoside. Moreover, we investigated the pathway involved in the production of these antioxidants, p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK-nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and activation of ARE luciferase activity were observed upon exposure to floridoside. siRNA interference and inhibitor treatment suppressed the HO-1 expression and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, respectively. These results indicated that floridoside exerted its antioxidant activity by activating HO-1 expression via p38/ERK MAPK-Nrf2 pathway in human hepatocyte L-02 cells.
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92
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Shardt N, Chen Z, Yuan SC, Wu K, Laouar L, Jomha NM, Elliott JAW. Using engineering models to shorten cryoprotectant loading time for the vitrification of articular cartilage. Cryobiology 2020; 92:180-188. [PMID: 31952947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral allograft transplantation can treat full thickness cartilage and bone lesions in the knee and other joints, but the lack of widespread articular cartilage banking limits the quantity of cartilage available for size and contour matching. To address the limited availability of cartilage, vitrification can be used to store harvested joint tissues indefinitely. Our group's reported vitrification protocol [Biomaterials 33 (2012) 6061-6068] takes 9.5 h to load cryoprotectants into intact articular cartilage on bone and achieves high cell viability, but further optimization is needed to shorten this protocol for clinical use. Herein, we use engineering models to calculate the spatial and temporal distributions of cryoprotectant concentration, solution vitrifiability, and freezing point for each step of the 9.5-h protocol. We then incorporate the following major design choices for developing a new shorter protocol: (i) all cryoprotectant loading solution concentrations are reduced, (ii) glycerol is removed as a cryoprotectant, and (iii) an equilibration step is introduced to flatten the final cryoprotectant concentration profiles. We also use a new criterion-the spatially and temporally resolved prediction of solution vitrifiability-to assess whether a protocol will be successful instead of requiring that each cryoprotectant individually reaches a certain concentration. A total cryoprotectant loading time of 7 h is targeted, and our new 7-h protocol is predicted to achieve a level of vitrifiability comparable to the proven 9.5-h protocol throughout the cartilage thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shardt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Shuying Claire Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kezhou Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leila Laouar
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada.
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93
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Li Y, Qiu L, Liu X, Zhang Q, Zhuansun X, Fahima T, Krugman T, Sun Q, Xie C. Glycerol-Induced Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat by Regulating Plant Fatty Acid Metabolism, Plant Hormones Cross-Talk, and Pathogenesis-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020673. [PMID: 31968554 PMCID: PMC7013599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that glycerol application induced resistance to powdery mildew (Bgt) in wheat by regulating two important signal molecules, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and oleic acid (OA18:1). Transcriptome analysis of wheat leaves treated by glycerol and inoculated with Bgt was performed to identify the activated immune response pathways. We identified a set of differentially expressed transcripts (e.g., TaGLI1, TaACT1, and TaSSI2) involved in glycerol and fatty acid metabolism that were upregulated in response to Bgt infection and might contribute to G3P and OA18:1 accumulation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed GO terms induced by glycerol, such as response to jasmonic acid (JA), defense response to bacterium, lipid oxidation, and growth. In addition, glycerol application induced genes (e.g., LOX, AOS, and OPRs) involved in the metabolism pathway of linolenic and alpha-linolenic acid, which are precursor molecules of JA biosynthesis. Glycerol induced JA and salicylic acid (SA) levels, while glycerol reduced the auxin (IAA) level in wheat. Glycerol treatment also induced pathogenesis related (PR) genes, including PR-1, PR-3, PR-10, callose synthase, PRMS, RPM1, peroxidase, HSP70, HSP90, etc. These results indicate that glycerol treatment regulates fatty acid metabolism and hormones cross-talk and induces the expression of PR genes that together contribute to Bgt resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Lina Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
| | - Xinye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
| | - Xiangxi Zhuansun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Qixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Q.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62732922
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Van Cleef EHCB, Uwituze S, Alvarado-Gilis CA, Miller KA, Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Aperce CC, Drouillard JS. Elevated concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for beef cattle: feedlot performance, carcass traits, and ruminal metabolism1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4341-4348. [PMID: 31504581 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in diets for beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were fed diets with 0 or 15% CG (DM basis), to evaluate DM disappearance, VFA profiles, and gas production. There was a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.06) between diet fed to donor animals and substrate fed to in vitro system, and digestion was increased when CG was added to cultures with ruminal fluid from CG-fed animals. Total VFA were unaffected by diets or by substrate incubated. The CG increased production of propionate, butyrate, and valerate (P < 0.01) while the gas production was unaffected (P = 0.16). In Exp. 2, 24 crossbred heifers (334.4 ± 0.9 kg BW) were fed the same diets as Exp. 1, for 35 d. Fecal grab samples were collected 3 times daily on day 7, 21, and 35, to evaluate total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF. The CG improved digestibility of diet OM (P = 0.04), and DM followed a similar trend (P = 0.06), while the NDF digestibility was unaffected (P = 0.29). In Exp. 3, crossbred heifers (n = 374; 375.8 ± 36.1 kg BW) were used to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass traits when fed diets with 0, 7.5, or 15% CG, with or without added 0.3% salt. Heifers were assigned to 25 pens and were harvested on day 125. Removing salt from CG-based diets did not impact performance (P = 0.50). The CG did not influence average daily gain (P = 0.27), but decreased DM intake (P = 0.003), USDA Yield Grade (P = 0.01), and improved feed efficiency (P = 0.03), while tended to decrease USDA prime carcasses (P = 0.10). Carcass weight (P = 0.24), Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.63), and kidney, pelvic, heart fat (P = 0.59) were unaffected by CG. Twelfth-rib fat was less for heifers fed 15% CG without salt compared with the other treatments (P = 0.005), while marbling was less for heifers fed CG diets compared with the control-fed animals (linear, P = 0.004; quadratic, P = 0.02). In conclusion, GC can replace dry-rolled corn in diets for beef heifers when fed at 15% of diet DM, improving OM digestion, increasing ruminal propionate and butyrate without affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Feeding up to 15% CG improves feed efficiency but depresses marbling and tends to decrease Quality Grade. Removing supplemental salt from CG-diets has no impact on performance or carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H C B Van Cleef
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Solange Uwituze
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Christian A Alvarado-Gilis
- Institute of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kevin A Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Celine C Aperce
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - James S Drouillard
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Wanka R, Aldred N, Finlay JA, Amuthalingam A, Clarke JL, Clare AS, Rosenhahn A. Antifouling Properties of Dendritic Polyglycerols against Marine Macrofouling Organisms. Langmuir 2019; 35:16568-16575. [PMID: 31746204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic polyglycerols (PGs) were synthesized and postmodified by grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) diglycidyl ether groups, and their antifouling and fouling-release properties were tested. Coating characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, attenuated total internal reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and atomic force microscopy showed brushlike morphologies with a high degree of microscale roughness and the ability to absorb large amounts of water within seconds. PGs with three different thicknesses were tested in laboratory assays against settlement of larvae of the barnacle Balanus improvisus and against the settlement and removal of zoospores of the alga Ulva linza. Very low coating thicknesses, e.g., 11 nm, reduced the settlement of barnacles, under static conditions, to 2% compared with 55% for an octadecyltrichlorosilane reference surface. In contrast, zoospores of U. linza settled readily but the vast majority were removed by exposure to a shear force of 52 Pa. Both PEG and PPG modification increased the antifouling properties of the PG films, providing a direct comparison of the ultralow fouling properties of all three polymers. Both, the modified and the nonmodified PGs are promising components for incorporation into amphiphilic fouling-resistant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wanka
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780 , Germany
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Ajitha Amuthalingam
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780 , Germany
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780 , Germany
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Allegrini M, Gomez EDV, Smalla K, Zabaloy MC. Suppression treatment differentially influences the microbial community and the occurrence of broad host range plasmids in the rhizosphere of the model cover crop Avena sativa L. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223600. [PMID: 31596877 PMCID: PMC6785065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cover crop suppression with glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) represents a common agricultural practice. The objective of this study was to compare rhizospheric microbial communities of A. sativa plants treated with a GBH relative to the mechanical suppression (mowing) in order to assess their differences and the potential implications for soil processes. Samples were obtained at 4, 10, 17 and 26 days post-suppression. Soil catabolic profiling and DNA-based methods were applied. At 26 days, higher respiration responses and functional diversity indices (Shannon index and catabolic evenness) were observed under glyphosate suppression and a neat separation of catabolic profiles was detected in multivariate analysis. Sarcosine and Tween 20 showed the highest contribution to this separation. Metabarcoding revealed a non-significant effect of suppression method on either alpha-diversity metrics or beta-diversity. Conversely, differences were detected in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Mesorhizobium sequences were detected in higher relative abundance in glyphosate-treated plants at the end of the experiment while the opposite trend was observed for Gaiella. Quantitative PCR of amoA gene from ammonia-oxidizing archaea showed a lower abundance under GBH suppression again at 26 days, while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria remained lower at all sampling times. Broad host range plasmids IncP-1β and IncP-1ε were exclusively detected in the rhizosphere of glyphosate-treated plants at 10 days and at 26 days, respectively. Overall, our study demonstrates differential effects of suppression methods on the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, on the physiology and mobile genetic elements of microbial communities while no differences were detected in taxonomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Allegrini
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, Campo Experimental J. Villarino, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Elena del V. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, Campo Experimental J. Villarino, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - María Celina Zabaloy
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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97
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Kumar P, Nagarajan A, Uchil PD. Calcium Phosphate-Mediated Transfection of Cells with High-Molecular-Weight Genomic DNA. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/10/pdb.prot095448. [PMID: 31575794 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot095448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a calcium phosphate-mediated transfection method for use with high-molecular-weight genomic DNAs.
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98
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Abstract
Previous work has shown that a number of phenolic components of NZ propolis possess antiproliferative activity against certain human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Here we report on a series of acylglycerols isolated from the nonpolar fraction of propolis resin, which represent further bioactive constituents unrelated to the more usual phenolic compounds generally found in propolis. NZ propolis is sourced from poplar trees, and the acylglycerols have been shown to be present in the leaves and buds of some common poplars. The compounds are a series of monoglycerides containing 3,8-dihydroxy fatty acids, many of which are further acylated with acetic acid residues. The dihydroxy fatty acids are C18 to C24, with the most abundant being C20 and C22. These acylglycerols were found to have strong antiproliferative activity against three human gastrointestinal cell lines, particularly gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87, where one example shows an IC50 of less than 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bloor
- Callaghan Innovation , 69 Gracefield Road , PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 , New Zealand
| | - Owen Catchpole
- Callaghan Innovation , 69 Gracefield Road , PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 , New Zealand
- Manuka Health NZ Ltd , PO Box 87429, Meadowbank, Auckland 1742 , New Zealand
| | - Kevin Mitchell
- Callaghan Innovation , 69 Gracefield Road , PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 , New Zealand
| | - Rosemary Webby
- Callaghan Innovation , 69 Gracefield Road , PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 , New Zealand
| | - Paul Davis
- Trinity Bioactives , Lower Hutt 5040 , New Zealand
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99
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Tanaka HS, Bertéli MBD, Cordeiro FA, Lopes AD, do Valle JS, Linde GA, Colauto NB. Semisolid culture medium improves mycelial recovery of Agaricus subrufescens cryopreserved in cereal grains. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:527-532. [PMID: 30850978 PMCID: PMC6863262 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the solid and semisolid culture medium on the mycelial viability of A. subrufescens after 5-year cryopreservation at - 70 °C. Mycelia were grown in three types of whole or ground grains, with or without 5% glycerol addition in the substrate and/or in a cryotube. After 5 years of cryopreservation at - 70 °C, every treatment was thawed and recovered in malt extract culture medium with 15 (solid culture medium) or 5 g L-1 (semisolid culture medium) of agar. The semisolid recovery culture medium increased the mycelial viability recovery capacity of A. subrufescens cryopreserved for 5 years in grains with glycerol only in the cryotube, and specifically with medium-hard wheat grain without glycerol addition at all. Agar-based substrates such as malt extract agar, agar-ground grain, or the one with glycerol addition to the substrate were not effective to keep the mycelial viability, regardless of the recovery culture medium consistency. Hard and medium-hard endosperm wheat grains or hard endosperm rye grains with addition of glycerol as cryoprotectant only to the cryotube were effective to cryopreserve the fungus for 5 years without cryoprotectant addition in the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Susumu Tanaka
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Miria Benetati Delgado Bertéli
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Fabio Aparecido Cordeiro
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Ana Daniela Lopes
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
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100
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Murakami T, Hijikuro I, Yamashita K, Tsunoda S, Hirai K, Suzuki T, Sakai Y, Tabata Y. Antiadhesion effect of the C17 glycerin ester of isoprenoid-type lipid forming a nonlamellar liquid crystal. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:257-267. [PMID: 30529080 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative adhesion is a relevant clinical problem that causes a variety of clinical complications after abdominal surgery. The objective of this study is to develop a liquid-type antiadhesion agent and evaluate its efficacy in preventing tissue adhesion in a rat peritoneal adhesion model. The liquid-type agent was prepared by submicron-sized emulsification of C17 glycerin ester (C17GE), squalene, pluronic F127, ethanol, and water with a high-pressure homogenizer. The primary component was C17GE, which is an amphiphilic lipid of one isoprenoid-type hydrophobic chain and can form two phases of self-assembly nonlamellar liquid crystals. The C17GE agent consisted of nanoparticles with an internal inverted hexagonal phase when evaluated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Upon contact with the biological tissue, this agent formed a thin membrane with a bioadhesive property. After this agent was applied to a sidewall injury of rats, it showed a percentage average of adhesion significantly less than that obtained with the Seprafilm® antiadhesion membrane in a rat model. Additionally, the retention of the agent prolonged at the applied site in the peritoneal cavity of rats. In conclusion, the C17GE agent is promising as an antiadhesion material. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Postoperative adhesion remains a common adverse effect. Although various materials have been investigated, there are few products commercially available to prevent adhesion. For the sheet-type agent, it is inconvenient to be applied through small laparotomy, especially in laparoscopic surgery. Additionally, the liquid-type agent currently used requires a complicated procedure to spray at the targeted site. Our liquid-type antiadhesion agent can form liquid crystals and act as a thin membrane-like physical barrier between the peritoneum and tissues to prevent adhesion. Indeed, the antiadhesion agent used in our present study significantly prevents adhesion compared with the antiadhesion membrane most used clinically. Moreover, our agent is highly stable by itself and easy to use in laparoscopic surgery, thus leading to a promising new candidate as an antiadhesion material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hijikuro
- Farnex Incorporated, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Venture Plaza, 4259 - 3, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tsunoda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hirai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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