1051
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Abstract
RATIONALE Caffeine is widely consumed in foods and beverages and is also used for a variety of medical purposes. Despite its widespread use, relatively little is understood regarding how genetics affects consumption, acute response, or the long-term effects of caffeine. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews the literature on the genetics of caffeine from the following: (1) twin studies comparing heritability of consumption and of caffeine-related traits, including withdrawal symptoms, caffeine-induced insomnia, and anxiety, (2) association studies linking genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and target receptors to variations in caffeine response, and (3) case-control and prospective studies examining relationship between polymorphisms associated with variations in caffeine response to risks of Parkinson's and cardiovascular diseases in habitual caffeine consumers. RESULTS Twin studies find the heritability of caffeine-related traits to range between 0.36 and 0.58. Analysis of polysubstance use shows that predisposition to caffeine use is highly specific to caffeine itself and shares little common disposition to use of other substances. Genome association studies link variations in adenosine and dopamine receptors to caffeine-induced anxiety and sleep disturbances. Polymorphism in the metabolic enzyme cytochrome P-450 is associated with risk of myocardial infarction in caffeine users. CONCLUSION Modeling based on twin studies reveals that genetics plays a role in individual variability in caffeine consumption and in the direct effects of caffeine. Both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic polymorphisms have been linked to variation in response to caffeine. These studies may help guide future research in the role of genetics in modulating the acute and chronic effects of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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1052
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Nagano T, Shimizu M, Kiyotani K, Kamataki T, Takano R, Murayama N, Shono F, Yamazaki H. Biomonitoring of urinary cotinine concentrations associated with plasma levels of nicotine metabolites after daily cigarette smoking in a male Japanese population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010; 7:2953-64. [PMID: 20717551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7072953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring of plasma and urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and 3′-hydroxycotinine was conducted after daily cigarette smoking in a population of 92 male Japanese smokers with a mean age of 37 years who had smoked an average of 23 cigarettes per day for 16 years. Members of the population were genotyped for the nicotine-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). The mean levels of nicotine, the levels of its metabolites cotinine and 3′-hydroxycotinine, and the sum of these three levels in subjects one hour after smoking the first cigarette on the sampling day were 20.1, 158, 27.7, and 198 ng/mL in plasma and 846, 1,020, 1,010, and 2,870 ng/mL in urine under daily smoking conditions. Plasma levels of 3′-hydroxycotinine and urinary levels of nicotine and 3′-hydroxycotinine were dependent on the CYP2A6 phenotype group, which was estimated from the CYP2A6 genotypes of the subjects, including those with whole gene deletion. Plasma cotinine levels were significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked on the day before sampling (r = 0.71), the average number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.58), and the Brinkman index (daily cigarettes × years, r = 0.48) under the present conditions. The sum of nicotine, cotinine, and 3′-hydroxycotinine concentrations in plasma showed a similar relationship to that of the plasma cotinine levels. Urinary concentrations of cotinine and the sum of nicotine metabolite concentrations also showed significant correlations with the plasma levels and the previous day’s and average cigarette consumption. The numbers of cigarettes smoked per day by two subjects with self-reported light smoking habits were predicted by measuring the urinary cotinine concentrations and using linear regression equations derived from above-mentioned data. These results indicate that biomonitoring of the urinary cotinine concentration is a good, easy-to-use marker for plasma levels of cotinine and the sum of nicotine metabolites in smokers independent of genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6.
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1053
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Roberts KE, Kawut SM, Krowka MJ, Brown RS, Trotter JF, Shah V, Peter I, Tighiouart H, Mitra N, Handorf E, Knowles JA, Zacks S, Fallon MB. Genetic risk factors for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:130-9.e24. [PMID: 20346360 PMCID: PMC2908261 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) affects 10%-30% of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and significantly increases mortality. Studies in experimental models indicate that pulmonary angiogenesis contributes to the development of HPS, but pathogenesis in humans is poorly understood. We investigated genetic risk factors for HPS in patients with advanced liver disease. METHODS We performed a multicenter case-control study of patients with cirrhosis being evaluated for liver transplantation. Cases had an alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient > or = 15 mm Hg (or > or =20 mm Hg if age > 64 years) and contrast echocardiography with late appearance of microbubbles after venous injection of agitated saline (intrapulmonary vasodilatation); controls did not meet both criteria for case status. The study sample included 59 cases and 126 controls. We genotyped 1086 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 94 candidate genes. RESULTS Forty-two SNPs in 21 genes were significantly associated with HPS after adjustments for race and smoking. Eight genes had at least 2 SNPs associated with disease: CAV3, ENG, NOX4, ESR2, VWF, RUNX1, COL18A1, and TIE1. For example, rs237872 in CAV3 showed an odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval: 1.65-4.60, P = .0001) and rs4837192 in ENG showed an odds ratio of 0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.89, P = .027). Furthermore, variation in CAV3 and RUNX1 was associated with HPS in gene-based analyses. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in genes involved in the regulation of angiogenesis are associated with the risk of HPS. Further investigation of these biologic pathways might elucidate the mechanisms that mediate the development of HPS in certain patients with severe liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E. Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven M. Kawut
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert S. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James F. Trotter
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Vijay Shah
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hocine Tighiouart
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Zacks
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael B. Fallon
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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1054
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Mas S, Bernardo M, Gassó P, Álvarez S, Garcia-Rizo C, Bioque M, Kirkpatrick B, Lafuente A. A functional variant provided further evidence for the association of ARVCF with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1052-9. [PMID: 20333729 PMCID: PMC4390130 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a previous linkage disequilibrium mapping study, in the 3' end of ARVCF, we identified one intronic SNP rs165849 and one haplotype block associated with schizophrenia and related disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore whether functional genetic variants in the exonic regions of ARVCF included in this haplotype block are responsible for the association observed. To achieve this objective (1) the nine exons included in this haplotype block were resequenced in a group of 242 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (Case 1). The SNPs identified were genotyped in a hospital-based control group of 373 subjects (Control 1) and an association study was performed. (2) The SNPs showing significant association in this analysis were genotyped in a new group of 102 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (Case 2) and in a new group of 111 healthy subjects (Control 2). Three dbSNPs (rs35219372, rs5993890, and rs165815) were identified when the nine exons of ARVCF were resequenced. rs165815 was associated with schizophrenia and related disorders (homozygote CC OR = 3.39, permutated P value = 0.02). When the groups of cases (1 and 2) and controls (1 and 2) were merged, the analysis confirmed the association observed (homozygote CC OR = 3.25 permutated P value = 0.02). Given the role of ARVCF proposed in the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, our results further support the view that chromosome 22 contains a susceptibility gene, possibly ARVCF. The functional variant rs165815, which affects a critical region of ARVCF, is a considerable source of the genetic variability associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Mas
- Department Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Psychiatry service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Álvarez
- Department Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Psychiatry service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Psychiatry service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amalia Lafuente
- Department Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Correspondence to: Prof. Amalia Lafuente, Department Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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1055
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Rallón NI, Naggie S, Benito JM, Medrano J, Restrepo C, Goldstein D, Shianna KV, Vispo E, Thompson A, McHutchison J, Soriano V. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene with response to hepatitis C therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. AIDS 2010; 24:F23-9. [PMID: 20389235 PMCID: PMC4892373 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283391d6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that peginterferon-ribavirin treatment is poorly tolerated, there is interest in the identification of predictors of response, particularly in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients that respond less than HCV-monoinfected individuals. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the IL28B gene (rs12979860) has been shown to predict treatment response in HCV-monoinfected patients carrying genotype 1. Information is lacking for HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals and/or other HCV genotypes. METHODS From 650 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, we identified those who had completed a course of peginterferon-ribavirin therapy with a validated outcome and available repository DNA. The rs12979860 SNP was examined in a blinded fashion. RESULTS A total of 164 patients were included in the final IL28B genotyping analysis, 90 (55%) of whom achieved sustained virological response (SVR). HCV genotype distribution was as follows: HCV-1 58%, HCV-3 31% and HCV-4 11%. Overall, the SVR rate was higher in patients with CC than in those CT/TT genotypes: 56 of 75 (75%) versus 34 of 89 (38%) (P < 0.0001). The effect of the SNP was seen in HCV genotypes 1 and 4 but not in HCV genotype 3 carriers. In the multivariable analysis (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval; P value), the rs12979860 CC genotype was a strong predictor of SVR (3.7; 1.6-8.5; 0.002), independent of HCV genotype 3 (8.0; 3.1-21.0; <0.001), serum HCV-RNA less than 600,000 IU/ml (11.9; 3.8-37.4; <0.001) and lack of advanced liver fibrosis (3.5; 1.4-8.9; 0.009). CONCLUSION The rs12979860 SNP located near the IL28B gene is associated with HCV treatment response in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C due to genotypes 1 or 4. Thus, IL28B genotyping should be considered as part of the treatment decision algorithm in this difficult-to-treat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma I. Rallón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Naggie
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - José M. Benito
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Medrano
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Restrepo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Goldstein
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin V. Shianna
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eugenia Vispo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Thompson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Vincent Soriano
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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1056
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Benjamin S, McQuoid DR, Potter GG, Payne ME, MacFall JR, Steffens DC, Taylor WD. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, hippocampal volume, and cognitive function in geriatric depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 18:323-31. [PMID: 20220593 DOI: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181cabd2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is associated with geriatric depression. In studies of younger adults without depression, met allele carriers exhibit smaller hippocampal volumes and have poorer performance on neuropsychological tests. The authors examined the relationship between the BDNF gene and hippocampal volumes in depressed and nondepressed older individuals and its relationship with memory functions mediated by the hippocampus. DESIGN One hundred seventy-six elderly depressed white participants and 88 nondepressed participants completed clinical assessments, neuropsychological testing, and provided blood samples for genotyping. One hundred seventy-three participants also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Statistical modeling tested the relationship between genotype and hippocampal volume and function while controlling for diagnosis and other covariates. RESULTS BDNF genotype was not associated with a difference in performance on tests mediated by the hippocampus, including word list learning, prose recall, nonverbal memory, or digit span. After controlling for covariates, BDNF genotype was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume (F[1, 171] = 1.10, p = 0.30). CONCLUSION Despite different findings in younger populations, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not significantly associated with hippocampal volume or function in a geriatric population. The authors hypothesize that other factors may have a stronger effect on hippocampal structure in older individuals and that the association between the Val66Met polymorphism and geriatric depression is mediated through other mechanisms.
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1057
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Chauhan K, Devereux RB, Rao D, Broeckel U, Gu CC, Hopkins P, Arnett DK. Adducin 1 (alpha) Gly460Trp variant is associated with left ventricular geometry in Caucasians and African Americans: The HyperGEN Study. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2010; 1:367-376. [PMID: 21532846 PMCID: PMC3076776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Normal left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry is required for optimal LV functioning. Abnormalities in either result in increased morbidity and mortality. The adducing 1 (alpha) gene (ADD1) Gly460Trp polymorphism has been associated with high blood pressure and increased plasma volume, both predictors of LV mass and function. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluate the association between this polymorphism and LV mass and geometry. LV mass, relative wall thickness (RWT), and systolic and diastolic parameters were measured using echocardiography in 3483 African American and Caucasian subjects from the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN). Analysis of covariance was used to estimate the polymorphism's association with echocardiograph parameters, stratified by race. The model was adjusted for age, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, smoking, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, urinary sodium, and body mass index. In Caucasians, the Trp allele was associated with higher ejection fraction (EF) (P = .02), fractional shortening (FS) (P = .02), and RWT (P = .03). In African Americans, the Trp allele was negatively associated with RWT (P = .02), but no association was found with EF (P= .08) or FS (P= .09). The polymorphism was not associated with diastolic function parameters in either racial group. We found no association of ADD1 Gly460Trp with LV mass in Caucasians or African Americans; however, it was associated with unfavorable LV geometry (higher RWT) in Caucasians and favorable LV geometry (lower RWT) in African Americans after controlling for factors that would affect plasma volume.
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1058
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Hwang SY, Kim SH, Kho WG. Genetic characteristics of polymorphic antigenic markers among Korean isolates of Plasmodium vivax. Korean J Parasitol 2010; 47 Suppl:S51-8. [PMID: 19885335 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.s.s51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan malaria parasite of humans, represents a major public health concern in the Republic of Korea (= South Korea). However, little is known about the genetic properties and population structures of the P. vivax isolates circulating in South Korea. This article reviews known polymorphic genetic markers in South Korean isolates of P. vivax and briefly summarizes the current issues surrounding the gene and population structures of this parasite. The critical genetic characteristics of major antigens of the parasite, such as circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-3, Duffy binding protein (DBP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and GAM-1, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Young Hwang
- Department of Parasitology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Korea
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1059
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Abstract
Brain monoamines, and serotonin in particular, have repeatedly been shown to be linked to different psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, antisocial behaviour, and dependence. Many studies have implicated genetic variability in the genes encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and the serotonin transporter (5HTT) in modulating susceptibility to these conditions. Paradoxically, the risk variants of these genes have been shown, in vitro, to increase levels of serotonin, although many of the conditions are associated with decreased levels of serotonin. Furthermore, in adult humans, and monkeys with orthologous genetic polymorphisms, there is no observable correlation between these functional genetic variants and the amount or activity of the corresponding proteins in the brain. These seemingly contradictory data might be explained if the association between serotonin and these behavioural and psychiatric conditions were mainly a consequence of events taking place during foetal and neonatal brain development. In this review we explore, based on recent research, the hypothesis that the dual role of serotonin as a neurotransmitter and a neurotrophic factor has a significant impact on behaviour and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders through altered development of limbic neurocircuitry involved in emotional processing, and development of the serotonergic neurons, during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Nordquist
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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1060
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Saadat M. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit gene (GRIN1) G1001C polymorphism and susceptibility to schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. EXCLI J 2010; 9:11-6. [PMID: 29255383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all case-control studies investigating the association between GRIN1 G1001C polymorphism and schizophrenia susceptibility (MIM: 138249; dbSNP: rs 11146020). A total of 6 eligible studies (including 1639 schizophrenia cases and 1489 controls) were identified for the meta-analysis. Including all studies, there was significant heterogeneity between studies. In overall the GC (OR=1.00, 95 % CI: 0.0.85-1.19) and CC (OR=1.09, 95 % CI: 0.67-1.79) genotypes were not associated with schizophrenia risk compared with the GG genotype. In one study patients were diagnosed using DSM-IIIR criteria and in another study the genotypic frequencies of control subjects showed significant deviation from the expected frequencies according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After excluding these studies from the meta-analysis, the heterogeneity between studies dramatically decreased. Statistical analysis showed that the GC genotype compared with the GG genotype significantly increased the risk of schizophrenia (OR=1.85, 95 % CI: 1.43-2.42, P<0.0001). The CC versus GG genotype significantly increased the schizophrenia risk (OR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.17-6.84, P=0.017). There was significant linear trend for presence of 0, 1, and 2 of the C allele and risk of schizophrenia (χ2=25.45, P<0.0001). In conclusion, the C variant allele may be associated with an increased risk for developing schizophrenia.
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1061
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Moran CS, Clancy P, Biros E, Blanco-Martin B, McCaskie P, Palmer LJ, Coomans D, Norman PE, Golledge J. Association of PPARgamma allelic variation, osteoprotegerin and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 72:128-32. [PMID: 19438902 PMCID: PMC2802661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously demonstrated high concentrations of the glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG) in biopsies of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and demonstrated that ligation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) downregulates OPG in vitro and within a mouse model. The aims of this study were to assess the associations between circulating concentrations of OPG, polymorphisms of the gene encoding PPARgamma (PPARG), AAA presence and growth. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Two genetic polymorphisms in PPARG were assessed in 4227 men, 699 of whom had an AAA. For 631 men, who had AAAs, maximum aortic diameter was monitored by yearly ultrasound for a median of 5 years. Plasma OPG was measured in 838 men, 318 of whom had an AAA. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of OPG were independently associated with AAA (adjusted odds ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.10-1.72). The PPARG c.1347C > T polymorphism was associated with plasma concentrations of OPG (beta 0.12, P < 0.01). The PPARG c.34G > C polymorphism was weakly associated with AAA (adjusted odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.61). PPARG c.1347C > T was associated with increased AAA growth (recessive model, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Circulating concentrations of osteoprotegerin are associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm and with one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene polymorphism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene polymorphisms are weakly associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm presence and growth. Confirmation of these findings is required in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey S. Moran
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Paula Clancy
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Erik Biros
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Bernardo Blanco-Martin
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Pamela McCaskie
- The Laboratory for Genetic Epidemiology, Western Australia Institute for Medical Research and UWA Centre for Medical Research, Perth. WA. 6959. Australia
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- The Laboratory for Genetic Epidemiology, Western Australia Institute for Medical Research and UWA Centre for Medical Research, Perth. WA. 6959. Australia
| | - Danny Coomans
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Paul E. Norman
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle. WA. 6959. Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
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1062
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Peterson NB, Trentham-Dietz A, Garcia-Closas M, Newcomb PA, Titus-Ernstoff L, Huang Y, Chanock SJ, Haines JL, Egan KM. Association of COMT haplotypes and breast cancer risk in caucasian women. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:217-220. [PMID: 20150638 PMCID: PMC3086748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is an important estrogen-metabolizing enzyme, and common genetic variants in this gene could affect breast cancer risk. We conducted a large population-based case control study in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin to examine six strategically selected COMT haplotype-tagging (ht) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), including the val158met polymorphism (rs4680), in relation to breast cancer risk. Analyses were based on 1,655 Caucasian women with invasive breast cancer and 1,470 Caucasian controls. None of the six individual SNPs were associated with breast cancer risk. The global test for haplotype associations was nonsignificant (p-value=0.097), although two uncommon haplotypes present in 6% of the study population showed statistically significant inverse associations with risk. These results suggest that genetic variation in COMT has no significant association with breast cancer risk among Caucasian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja B Peterson
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Suite 6108 Medical Center East, North Tower, Nashville, TN 37232-8300, USA.
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1063
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Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous chemical in our environment that causes acute leukemia and probably other hematological cancers. Evidence for an association with childhood leukemia is growing. Exposure to benzene can lead to multiple alterations that contribute to the leukemogenic process, indicating a multimodal mechanism of action. Research is needed to elucidate the different roles of multiple metabolites in benzene toxicity and the pathways that lead to their formation. Studies to date have identified a number of polymorphisms in candidate genes that confer susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. However, a genome-wide study is needed to truly assess the role of genetic variation in susceptibility. Benzene affects the blood-forming system at low levels of occupational exposure, and there is no evidence of a threshold. There is probably no safe level of exposure to benzene, and all exposures constitute some risk in a linear, if not supralinear, and additive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Superfund Research Program, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7356, USA.
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1064
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Abstract
Aspirin intolerant asthma (AIA) is frequently characterized as an aspirin (ASA)-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). It is a clinical syndrome associated with chronic severe inflammation in the upper and lower airways resulting in chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, recurrent polyposis, and asthma. AERD generally develops secondary to abnormalities in inflammatory mediators and arachidonic acid biosynthesis expression. Upper and lower airway eosinophil infiltration is a key feature of AERD; however, the exact mechanisms of such chronic eosinophilic inflammation are not fully understood. Cysteinyl leukotriene over-production may be a key factor in the induction of eosinophilic activation. Genetic studies have suggested a role for variability of genes in disease susceptibility and response to medication. Potential genetic biomarkers contributing to the AERD phenotype include HLA-DPB1*301, LTC4S, ALOX5, CYSLT, PGE2, TBXA2R, TBX21, MS4A2, IL10 -1082A > G, ACE -262A > T, and CRTH2 -466T > C; the four-locus SNP set was composed of B2ADR 46A > G, CCR3 -520T > G, CysLTR1 -634C > T, and FCER1B -109T > C. Management of AERD is an important issue. Aspirin ingestion may result in significant morbidity and mortality, and patients must be advised regarding aspirin risk. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) that inhibit leukotriene pathways have an established role in long-term AERD management and rhinosinusitis. Aspirin desensitization may be required for the relief of upper and lower airway symptoms in AERD patients. Future research should focus on identification of biomarkers for a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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1065
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Kohen R, Jarrett ME, Cain KC, Jun SE, Navaja GP, Symonds S, Heitkemper MM. The serotonin transporter polymorphism rs25531 is associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:2663-70. [PMID: 19125330 PMCID: PMC2937164 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequent gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. The serotonin transporter regulates the intensity and duration of serotonin signaling in the gut and is, therefore, an attractive candidate gene for irritable bowel syndrome. Previous studies investigating the 5-HTTLPR and Stin2 VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter have proved inconclusive. In this exploratory study we therefore expanded the search for a possible association of the serotonin transporter with irritable bowel syndrome to include not only the 5-HTTLPR and Stin2 VNTR length polymorphisms, but also the functional single nucleotide polymorphism rs25531. We genotyped 186 patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 50 healthy control subjects raging in age from 18 to 70 years. Carriers of the rare G allele of rs25531 had approximately threefold increased odds of irritable bowel syndrome compared with healthy controls (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.6). Our findings suggest that further investigation of the possible role of the serotonin transporter in the etiology of IBS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kohen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Monica E. Jarrett
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7226, USA
| | - Kevin C. Cain
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7230, USA
| | - Sang-Eun Jun
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7226, USA
| | - Grace P. Navaja
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Sarah Symonds
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Margaret M. Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7226, USA
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1066
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Han CH, Wei Q, Lu KK, Liu Z, Mills GB, Wang LE. Polymorphisms in the survivin promoter are associated with age of onset of ovarian cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2009; 2:289-299. [PMID: 20057973 PMCID: PMC2802047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Survivin has been identified as an apoptosis inhibitor and a key regulator of mitosis. A common polymorphism (-31G>C) at the survivin promoter has been extensively studied in various cancers and reported to influence survivin expression. We hypothesize that polymorphisms in the survivin promoter are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer. In this study, we genotyped all of five common and independent (r(2) < 0.25 for all LD) survivin promoter polymorphisms (-1547A/G [rs3764383], -644C/T [rs8073903], -625C/G [rs8073069], -241C/T [rs17878467], and -31G/C [rs9904341]) in 168 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer, using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We found that -1547A/G and -31G/C were significantly associated with age of disease onset. Compared with patients with the -1547GG genotype, the -1547AA genotype showed a significantly younger age of disease onset (58.8 years vs. 70.1 years; P = 0.001); the -31CC genotype had a decrease, though not significant, in the age of disease onset, compared with patients with the -31GG genotype (57.1 years vs. 62.8 years; P = 0.058). The numbers of -1547A and -31C alleles were associated with a decrease in age of onset in an allele-dose response manner (P(trend) = 0.001 and 0.026, respectively). However, no association was found between survivin polymorphisms and patients' prognosis, except for -625C/G SNP in 37 patients with a persistent disease. The findings suggest that the promoter variants of survivin may have an effect on age of onset of ovarian cancer. Validation studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan H. Han
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Karen K. Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Li-E Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
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1067
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Abstract
Adiponectin is secreted by white adipose tissue and exists as the most abundant adipokine in the human plasma. Recent research has indicated that plasma adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance. Reduction of plasma adiponectin levels is commonly observed in the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or in those who are obese in comparison with healthy control individuals. The adiponectin (AdipoQ) gene has a moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD), but two small LD blocks are observed, respectively, in the promoter region and the boundary of exon 2-intron 2. Genetic association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) +45G15G(T/G) in exon 2 and +276G/T in intron 2 of the AdipoQ gene confer the risk susceptibility to the development of T2D, obesity and diabetic nephropathy (DN). The SNPs in the promoter region, including −11426A/G, −11377C/G and −11391G/A, are found to be associated with T2D and DN. Recent research has indicated that the promoter polymorphisms interfere with the AdipoQ promoter activity. The haplotypes constructed by the promoter polymorphisms and SNP +276G/T in intron 2 are associated with circulating adiponectin levels. This review summarises genetic and pathophysiological relevancies of adiponectin and discusses about the biomarkers of adiponectin plasma protein variation and genomic DNA polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvest F Gu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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1068
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Chen X, Wang H, Zhou G, Zhang X, Dong X, Zhi L, Jin L, He F. Molecular population genetics of human CYP3A locus: signatures of positive selection and implications for evolutionary environmental medicine. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:1541-8. [PMID: 20019904 PMCID: PMC2790508 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human CYP3A gene cluster codes for cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of various exogenous and endogenous chemicals and is an obvious candidate for evolutionary and environmental genomic study. Functional variants in the CYP3A locus may have undergone a selective sweep in response to various environmental conditions. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to profile the allelic structure across the human CYP3A locus and investigate natural selection on that locus. METHODS From the CYP3A locus spanning 231 kb, we resequenced 54 genomic DNA fragments (a total of 43,675 bases) spanning four genes (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43) and two pseudogenes (CYP3AP1 and CYP3AP2), and randomly selected intergenic regions at the CYP3A locus in Africans (24 individuals), Caucasians (24 individuals), and Chinese (29 individuals). We comprehensively investigated the nucleotide diversity and haplotype structure and examined the possible role of natural selection in shaping the sequence variation throughout the gene cluster. RESULTS Neutrality tests with Tajima's D, Fu and Li's D* and F*, and Fay and Wu's H indicated possible roles of positive selection on the entire CYP3A locus in non-Africans. Sliding-window analyses of nucleotide diversity and frequency spectrum, as well as haplotype diversity and phylogenetically inferred haplotype structure, revealed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 had recently undergone or were undergoing a selective sweep in all three populations, whereas CYP3A43 and CYP3A5 were undergoing a selective sweep in non-Africans and Caucasians, respectively. CONCLUSION The refined allelic architecture and selection spectrum for the human CYP3A locus highlight that evolutionary dynamics of molecular adaptation may underlie the phenotypic variation of the xenobiotic disposition system and varied predisposition to complex disorders in which xenobiotics play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Simons Center for Systems Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lianteng Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to F. He, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Rd., Beijing 100850, P.R. China. Telephone/fax: 86 10 80705155. E-mail:
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1069
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Costa AM, Silva AJ, Garrido N, Louro H, Marinho DA, Cardoso Marques M, Breitenfeld L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2009; 8:410-418. [PMID: 24150005 PMCID: PMC3763287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have associated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D allele with variability in the skeletal muscle baseline strength, though conclusions have been inconsistent across investigations. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible association between ACE genotype and skeletal muscle baseline strength in elite male and female athletes involved in different event expertise. A group of 58 elite athletes, designated as Olympic candidates, were studied: 35 swimmers (19 males and 16 females, 18.8 ± 3.2 years) and 23 triathletes (15 males and 8 females, 18.7 ± 3.0 years). The athletes were classified as: short (≤ 200m) and middle (400m to 1500m) distance athletes, respectively. For each subject the grip strength in both hands was measure using an adjustable mechanical hand dynamometer. The maximum height in both squat jump (SJ) and counter movement jump (CMJ) were also assessed, using a trigonometric carpet (Ergojump Digitime 1000; Digitest, Jyvaskyla, Finland). DNA extraction was obtained with Chelex 100(®) and genotype determination by PCR-RFLP methods. Both males and females showed significantly higher right grip strength in D allele carriers compared to II homozygote's. We found that allelic frequency differs significantly by event distance specialization in both genders (p < 0.05). In fact, sprinter D allele carriers showed the superior scores in nearly all strength measurements (p < 0.05), in both genders. Among endurance athletes, the results also demonstrated that female D allele carriers exhibited the higher performance right grip and CMJ scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ACE D allele seems associated with skeletal muscle baseline strength in elite athletes, being easily identified in females. Key pointsDD homozygote's and D allele carriers from both genders shows significantly higher right grip strength.Right grip strength remains significantly higher in the D allele carrier's female endurance group.Female's D allele carriers exhibited the higher performance counter-movement jump scores.ACE genotype effects in skeletal-muscle strength are diverse by gender, being easily identified in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Matos Costa
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã, Portugal ; CIDESD , Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal ; CICS, Health Sciences Research Centre , Covilhã, Portugal
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1070
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Hussain SK, Mu LN, Cai L, Chang SC, Park SL, Oh SS, Wang Y, Goldstein BY, Ding BG, Jiang Q, Rao J, You NCY, Yu SZ, Papp JC, Zhao JK, Wang H, Zhang ZF. Genetic variation in immune regulation and DNA repair pathways and stomach cancer in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2304-9. [PMID: 19661089 PMCID: PMC2725326 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of stomach cancer is high in certain parts of the world, particularly in China. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the main risk factor, yet the vast majority of infected individuals remain unaffected with cancer, suggesting an important role of other risk factors. We conducted a population-based case-control study including 196 incident stomach cancer cases and 397 matched controls to test the hypothesis that adverse single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and haplotypes within genes of the DNA repair and immune regulatory pathways are associated with increased stomach cancer risk. Genomic DNA isolated from blood samples was used for genotyping, and results were obtained for 57 putatively functional SNPs in 28 genes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained from adjusted logistic regression models. For PTGS2, a gene involved in the inflammatory response, associations with stomach cancer risk were observed for TC genotype carriers of rs5279 (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.73), CT genotype carriers of the 3'-untranslated region SNP rs689470 (OR, 7.49; 95% CI, 1.21-46.20), and CTTC haplotype carriers of rs5277, rs5278, rs5279, and rs689470 (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.95). For ERCC5, a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair, TC genotype carriers of rs1047768 (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.41-1.03), GC genotype carriers of the nonsynonymous SNP rs2227869 (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.67), and CCG haplotype carriers of rs1047768, rs17655, and rs2227869 (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-1.04) were associated with reduced stomach cancer risk. In conclusion, PTGS2 and ERCC5 were associated with stomach cancer risk in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz K. Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Li-Na Mu
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shen-Chih Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungshim Lani Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam S. Oh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiren Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Binh Y. Goldstein
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bao-Guo Ding
- Taixing City Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Taixing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nai-Chieh Y. You
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shun-Zhang Yu
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial CDC, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
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1071
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He JQ, Foreman MG, Shumansky K, Zhang X, Akhabir L, Sin DD, Man SFP, DeMeo DL, Litonjua AA, Silverman EK, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Wise RA, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. Associations of IL6 polymorphisms with lung function decline and COPD. Thorax 2009; 64:698-704. [PMID: 19359268 PMCID: PMC2859187 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine which probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), -174G/C, in the promoter region of IL6. It was hypothesised that IL6 SNPs influence susceptibility for impaired lung function and COPD in smokers. METHODS Seven and five SNPs in IL6 were genotyped in two nested case-control samples derived from the Lung Health Study (LHS) based on phenotypes of rate of decline of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) over 5 years and baseline FEV(1) at the beginning of the LHS. Serum IL6 concentrations were measured for all subjects. A partially overlapping panel of nine IL6 SNPs was genotyped in 389 cases of COPD from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) and 420 controls from the Normative Aging Study (NAS). RESULTS In the LHS, three IL6 SNPs were associated with decline in FEV(1) (0.023< or =p< or =0.041 in additive models). Among them, the IL6_-174C allele was associated with a rapid decline in lung function. The association was more significant in a genotype-based analysis (p = 0.006). In the NETT-NAS study, IL6_-174G/C and four other IL6 SNPs, all of which are in linkage disequilibrium with IL6_-174G/C, were associated with susceptibility to COPD (0.01< or =p< or =0.04 in additive genetic models). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the IL6_-174G/C SNP is associated with a rapid decline in FEV(1) and susceptibility to COPD in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Q He
- UBC James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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1072
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Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) polymorphisms have been associated with several diseases, but whether they are associated with obesity is uncertain. To elucidate the role of genetic variation in the ESR1 gene with body mass index (BMI), 543 white women (median age, 63 years) from the Women's Health Study were examined. Most were postmenopausal (99.3%). The relationships between rs2234693 and rs9340799 genotypes and their associated haplotypes with obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)) and overweight (BMI > or =25 kg/m(2)) were evaluated. Among women with the rs2234693 TT genotype, 18.3% were obese, whereas only 8.2% of those with the CC genotype were obese (P = .04). In a logistic regression model assuming additive inheritance, rs2234693 was associated with decreased odds of obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)) (crude odds ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.44-0.90, P = .01). For rs9340799, only an inverse trend was observed for BMI (P = .08). Haplotypes that included the variant C allele were associated with a reduced risk of obesity (crude odds ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.44-0.94, P = .02 for C-G). The rs2234693 C allele of ESR1 and its associated genotypes and haplotypes were inversely and consistently associated with obesity. One or more copies of the C allele were associated with decreased risk of obesity in white postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Goulart
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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1073
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will summarize the most significant work that contributed to the understanding of liver fibrosis progression and resolution, which in turn has yielded new areas of therapeutic targeting. RECENT FINDINGS Liver fibrosis is the result of an imbalance between production and dissolution of extracellular matrix. Stellate cells, portal myofibroblasts, and bone marrow derived cells converge in a complex interaction with hepatocytes and immune cells to provoke scarring in response to liver injury. Uncovering the specific effects of growth factors on these cells, defining the interaction of different cell population during liver fibrosis and characterizing the genetic determinants of fibrosis progression will enable the discovery of new therapeutic approaches. SUMMARY The outcome of improved understanding of liver fibrosis process, especially the regulation and activation of stellate cells, is reflected in the development of new therapeutic strategies, which are validated in animal models.
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1074
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Shah MP, Wang F, Kalmar JH, Chepenik LG, Tie K, Pittman B, Jones MM, Constable RT, Gelernter J, Blumberg HP. Role of variation in the serotonin transporter protein gene (SLC6A4) in trait disturbances in the ventral anterior cingulate in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:1301-10. [PMID: 19037205 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with abnormalities of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) and its connection sites, including the amygdala, which are key components of a corticolimbic neural system that subserves emotional regulation. Decreased functional connectivity from the vACC to the amygdala in healthy individuals is associated with the short 's' allele--as opposed to the long 'l' allele--of a well-known serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR, locus SLC6A4), as are features of BD. This study tests the hypothesis that the s allele influences dysfunction in the vACC-amygdala neural system in BD. A total of 30 euthymic individuals with BD (20 s carriers, 10 ll) and 48 healthy comparison (HC) participants (34 s, 14 ll) participated in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while processing fearful, happy, or neutral faces. During fear and happy face processing, vACC activation was significantly lower in the BD compared to the HC group, and in s carriers compared to ll individuals within both the HC and BD groups, such that BD s carriers exhibited the greatest magnitude of vACC dysfunction. No significant differences were detected in amygdala activation. The findings suggest that the 5-HTTLPR s allele may contribute to a trait-related, genetically derived, neurobiological subgroup within BD characterized by prominent vACC dysfunction. Future treatment may be optimized for this BD subgroup by targeting the serotonergic system and the vACC.
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1075
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Cho JK, Kim YH, Park IY, Shin JC, Oh MK, Park SJ, Kim NH, Kim IS. Polymorphism of haptoglobin in patients with premature rupture of membrane. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:132-6. [PMID: 19259359 PMCID: PMC2649866 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.1.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether allelic polymorphism of haptoglobin (Hp) is associated with premature rupture of membrane (PROM), the Hp phenotypes of pregnant women with PROM were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Hp phenotypes of 221 pregnant Korean women (187 control and 34 PROM patients) were determined by benzidine/hydrogen peroxide staining, following native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin-mixed sera. The Hp allele frequencies were calculated from the data of Hp phenotypes, and overall association with PROM was evaluated using Pearson Chi-Square test. RESULTS The polymorphic distribution of the patients cohort who underwent a normal delivery (control group) was similar to that of healthy Koreans. In contrast, however, patients with PROM showed significantly higher occurrence of the Hp 1-1 phenotype than control group (23.5% vs 8.0%). Hp 2-2 phenotype was lower in PROM cohort (38.2%) than in the control group (48.7%). The Hp(1) allele frequency in PROM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.426 vs 0.297, p = 0.034) with odds ratio of 1.762 (95% CI: 1.038 - 2.991). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that pregnant Korean women who possess Hp(1) allele (expressed as Hp 1-1 phenotype) have higher incidence of PROM than women with Hp(2) allele (expressed as Hp 2-2 phenotype). This is the first study that evaluated the significance of Hp polymorphism with respect to the development of PROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Cho
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Yang Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Oh
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Kim
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Sook Kim
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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1076
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Rossi AM, Hansteen IL, Skjelbred CF, Ballardin M, Maggini V, Murgia E, Tomei A, Viarengo P, Knudsen LE, Barale R, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Association between frequency of chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk is not influenced by genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:203-8. [PMID: 19270789 PMCID: PMC2649221 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals has been associated with cancer risk. It is presently unclear whether this association is influenced by individual susceptibility factors such as genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) as effect modifiers of the association between CA and cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study was performed pooling data from cytogenetic studies carried out in 1974-1995 in three laboratories in Italy, Norway, and Denmark. A total of 107 cancer cases were retrieved from national registries and matched to 291 controls. The subjects were classified as low, medium, and high by tertile of CA frequency. The data were analyzed by setting up a Bayesian model that included prior information about cancer risk by CA frequency. RESULTS The association between CA frequency and cancer risk was confirmed [OR(medium) (odds ratio)(medium) = 1.5, 95% credibility interval (CrI), 0.9-2.5; OR(high) = 2.8, 95% CrI, 1.6-4.6], whereas no effect of the genetic polymorphism was observed. A much stronger association was seen in the Italian subset (OR(high)= 9.4, 95% CrI, 2.6-28.0), which was characterized by a lower technical variability of the cytogenetic analysis. CA level was particularly associated with cancer of the respiratory tract (OR(high)= 6.2, 95% CrI, 1.5-20.0), the genitourinary tract (OR(high) = 4.0, 95% CrI, 1.4-10.0), and the digestive tract (OR(high) = 2.8, 95% CrI, 1.2-5.8). CONCLUSIONS Despite the small size of the study groups, our results substantiate the cancer risk predictivity of CA frequency, ruling against a strong modifying effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inger-Lise Hansteen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Camilla Furu Skjelbred
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | | | | | - Elena Murgia
- Department of Biology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Viarengo
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lisbeth E. Knudsen
- Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hannu Norppa
- New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
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1077
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Samochatova EV, Chupova NV, Rudneva A, Makarova O, Nasedkina TV, Fedorova OE, Glotov AS, Kozhekbaeva Z, Maiorova OA, Roumyantsev AG, Krynetski EY, Krynetskaia NF, Evans WE, Ribeiro RC. TPMT genetic variations in populations of the Russian Federation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52:203-8. [PMID: 19034904 PMCID: PMC2794198 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms that reduce the activity of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) cause adverse reactions to conventional doses of thiopurines, routinely used for antileukemic and immunosuppressive treatment. There are more than 20 variant alleles of TPMT that cause decreased enzymatic activity. We studied the most common variant alleles of TPMT and their frequency distribution in a large cohort of multiracial residents in the Russian Federation and compared their frequencies in children with and without malignancy to determine whether TPMT gene abnormality is associated with hematologic malignancy. PROCEDURE The TPMT biochip was used to detect 6 TPMT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to 7 TPMT-deficiency alleles (TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B, TPMT*3C, TPMT*3D, TPMT*7, and TPMT*8). We analyzed allele frequencies in the whole cohort, the childhood cancer group, and the non-cancer group. We also characterized disease features and outcome according to the presence of TPMT SNPs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). RESULTS Fifty-five (5.5%) study participants overall had heterozygous TPMT genotypes (1 variant and 1 wild-type allele): TPMT*1/*3A (n = 45; 4.5%), TPMT*1/*3C (n = 8; 0.8%), and TPMT*1/*2 (n = 2; 0.2%). TPMT SNPs were more frequent in children with hematologic malignancy than in other participants (7.5% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.02). We found no significant association between TPMT SNPs and ALL treatment outcome (median follow-up, 31.3 months). CONCLUSIONS TPMT*3A is the most prevalent variant allele in the Russian Federation. The estimated frequency of variant alleles in the study cohort (5.5%) was similar to that observed in the White populations in the U.S. and Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Samochatova
- Federal Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, Russia, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,Correspondence to: Elena V. Samochatova, MD, Federal Research Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Leninsky Prospect 117, Moscow 117997, Russia. Fax +7 495 935 55 10; Tel. +7 495 936 90 78;
| | | | - Anastassia Rudneva
- Federal Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, Russia, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Makarova
- Federal Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, Russia, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Nasedkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei S Glotov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zh. Kozhekbaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Maiorova
- Federal Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugene Y Krynetski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalia F Krynetskaia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology and International Outreach Program, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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1078
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-O alleles of the ABO genotype have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Risk associated with the specific A(1), A(2) or B alleles is not well defined. OBJECTIVES To examine the association of the ABO genotype with myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and venous thrombosis (VT). PATIENTS AND METHODS We used data from two ongoing population-based case-control studies of MI, stroke, and VT. Cases included hypertensive adults and postmenopausal women with incident non-fatal MI (n = 1063), ischemic stroke (n = 469), and hemorrhagic stroke (n = 91), and postmenopausal women with incident non-fatal VT (n = 504). Controls were frequency matched to cases on age, sex, hypertension status, and year of identification. ABO genotypes were determined using single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and subjects were grouped by diplotype according to the presence of O(1), O(2), A(11), A(2) and B alleles. Logistic regression was used to test the association of diplotypes with risk of each outcome. RESULTS As compared with the O(1)O(1) group, the A(11) allele was associated with an increased risk of VT [odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-2.26] and MI (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.05-1.44). The B allele was associated with an increased risk of VT (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.29-2.57) and ischemic stroke (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.17-2.17). The AB diplotype category was associated with a 2.7-fold risk of VT (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.73-4.21). No other associations reached significance. CONCLUSIONS The VT and MI findings are confirmatory, and the ischemic stroke finding with the B allele is a novel finding and needs replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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1079
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Yin M, Tan D, Wei Q. Genetic variants of the XRCC1 gene and susceptibility to esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2009; 2:26-35. [PMID: 19436829 PMCID: PMC2680054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To summarize published data on the role of common genetic variants of the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene in susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC), we performed a meta-analysis including 11 eligible publications with 3,306 patients and 6,852 controls for Arg(399)Gln and 832 patients and 1,418 controls for Arg(194)Trp. Overall, the variant Gln(399) allele was not associated with EC risk, compared with the Arg(399) allele in the populations included in the analysis. However, stratified analysis revealed that Gln(399) allele was associated with an increased EC risk among Chinese populations in a recessive model (OR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.01-1.76; fixed effects) and by homozygote contrast (OR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.01-1.81), particularly for the tumor histology of squamous cell carcinoma (OR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.73 for the recessive model) and (OR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.76 for the homozygote contrast). There was no apparent effect of the Trp(194) allele, compared to the Arg(194) allele, on the EC risk in all analyses. These results suggest that the XRCC1 Arg(399)Gln polymorphism may be a potential biomarker of EC susceptibility in Chinese populations, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma. Further larger studies with multi-ethnic populations are required to further assess the association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and EC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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1080
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Schillani G, Goljevscek S, Carlino D, De Vanna M, Aguglia E, Giraldi T. Repeated suicidal behaviour: Stressful life events and 5-HTTLPR genetic polymorphism. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2009; 13:229-32. [PMID: 24916825 DOI: 10.1080/13651500902785652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events and dysregulated mono-aminergic neurotransmission have been associated with suicidal behaviour. The aim of this investigation was to analyze suicidal behaviour in multiple attempters in relation to the stressful life events, and to the polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene. Multiple suicide attempters, admitted to the University Psychiatric Clinic, were interviewed for the number of previous suicide attempts and for the occurrence of stressful life events, recorded in a Life History Calendar. The patients were further genotyped for 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of SERT. The number of suicide attempts was found to be significantly correlated with the number of negative life events experienced during the 6 months preceding each suicide attempt. The L/L genotype was associated with a reduced number of multiple suicide attempts. These results should prompt future study with a larger number of subjects to further investigate the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in repeated suicidal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Schillani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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1081
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Steer CD, Emmett PM, Lewis SJ, Smith GD, Tobias JH. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism is associated with spinal BMD in 9-year-old children. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24:117-24. [PMID: 18715139 PMCID: PMC2742728 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The C677T MTHFR polymorphism has been associated with lumbar spine and hip BMD. In older adults, the genetic effect has been reported in women only. However, in younger adults, this influence may only be present in men. This study is the first to investigate associations between the C677T MTHFR polymorphism and bone phenotypes in children. Regression analyses were used to study the relationship between MTHFR genotype and bone phenotypes derived from total body DXA scans in children 9.9 yr of age from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A total of 5816 children had both genetic and DXA data for the total body less head region (TBLH) and 3196 for the spine. A strong association was observed between the C677T MTHFR genotype and spine BMD (p < 0.001; 0.10 SD decrease per T allele). There was some evidence that this genetic effect was stronger in boys compared with girls (p = 0.04 for sex interaction). In contrast, there was no association between the C677T MTHFR genotype and TBLH BMD. The association between MTHFR genotype and spine BMD was attenuated particularly in girls by high maternal dietary intakes of vitamin B(6) and folate during pregnancy but not by child dietary intakes at 7 yr. To the extent that these findings reflect known influences of C677T MTHFR genotype on plasma homocysteine levels, our results suggest that the latter is an important regulator of spinal BMD in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Steer
- Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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1082
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Engler MB, Pullinger CR, Malloy MJ, Natanzon Y, Kulkarni MV, Song J, Eng C, Huuskonen J, Rivera C, Poon A, Bensley M, Sehnert A, Zellner C, Kane J, Aouizerat BE. Genetic variation in phospholipid transfer protein modulates lipoprotein profiles in hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Metabolism 2008; 57:1719-24. [PMID: 19013296 PMCID: PMC2615231 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the role of a phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) gene variation (rs2294213) in determining levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HypoA). We have now explored the role of PLTP in hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HyperA). The human PLTP gene was screened for sequence anomalies by DNA melting in 107 subjects with HyperA. The association with plasma lipoprotein levels was evaluated. We detected 7 sequence variations: 1 previously reported variation (rs2294213) and 5 novel mutations including 1 missense mutation (L106F). The PLTP activity was unchanged in the p.L106F mutation. The frequency of the rs2294213 minor allele was markedly increased in the HyperA group (7.0%) in comparison with a control group (4.3%) and the hypoalphalipoproteinemia group (2.2%). Moreover, rs2294213 was strongly associated with HDL-C levels. Linear regression models predict that possession of the rs2294213 minor allele increases HDL-C independent of triglycerides. These findings extend the association of rs2294213 with HDL-C levels into the extremes of the HDL distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B. Engler
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Clive R. Pullinger
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mary J. Malloy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Yanina Natanzon
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Medha V. Kulkarni
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James Song
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Celeste Eng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jaarko Huuskonen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christopher Rivera
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Annie Poon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matt Bensley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Amy Sehnert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christian Zellner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - John Kane
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Bradley E. Aouizerat
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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1083
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Currier PF, Gong MN, Zhai R, Pothier LJ, Boyce PD, Xu L, Yu CL, Thompson BT, Christiani DC. Surfactant protein-B polymorphisms and mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2511-6. [PMID: 18679120 PMCID: PMC3090262 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318183f608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether polymorphisms of the surfactant protein B gene may be associated with increased mortality in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Four adult intensive care units at a tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS Two hundred fourteen white patients who had met criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were genotyped for a variable nuclear tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of the surfactant protein B gene and the surfactant protein B gene +1580 polymorphism. For the variable nuclear tandem repeat surfactant protein B gene polymorphism, patients were found to have either a homozygous wild-type genotype or a variant genotype consisting of either a heterozygous insertion or deletion polymorphism. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship of the polymorphisms to mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. In multivariate analysis, the presence of variable nuclear tandem repeat surfactant protein B gene polymorphism was associated with a 3.51 greater odds of death at 60 days in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome as compared to those patients with the wild-type genotype (95% confidence interval 1.39-8.88, p = 0.008). There was no association found between the +1580 variant and outcome (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the variable nuclear tandem repeat surfactant protein B gene polymorphism in intron 4 is associated with an increased 60 day mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome after adjusting for age, severity of illness, and other potential confounders. Additional studies in other populations are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Currier
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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1084
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Groeger JA, Viola AU, Lo JCY, von Schantz M, Archer SN, Dijk DJ. Early morning executive functioning during sleep deprivation is compromised by a PERIOD3 polymorphism. Sleep 2008; 31:1159-1167. [PMID: 18714788 PMCID: PMC2542962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To contrast the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on executive and non-executive function in volunteers homozygous for either the short or long variant of a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in PERIODS, which is a genetic marker for susceptibility to the negative effect of sleep loss on waking performance. DESIGN Following two laboratory nights of baseline sleep, both groups underwent an approximately 40-hour constant routine, performing brief tests of executive, memory, attention, and motor function every 2 hours. SETTING Clinical Research Centre. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen PER3(4/4) (homozygotes for shorter variant of the gene) and 10 PER3(5/5) (homozygotes for longer variant) healthy, young adults (mean 25.0 +/- 1.0 years). INTERVENTIONS Total sleep deprivation (approximately 40 hours) following baseline sleep. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Hormonal assays established that melatonin levels, which reflect circadian phase, reached their midpoint around 04:00 in both genotypes. Cognitive performance deteriorated across the night, and was similar for both genotypes throughout, except 2-4 h after the midpoint of the melatonin rhythm. Only at this time-point and only on tests of executive function (e.g., 3-back, paced visual serial addition task) did PER3(5/5) participants perform reliably worse. Covariance analyses controlling for genotype dependent differences in homeostatic sleep pressure derived from principal component analysis of baseline sleep latency, slow wave sleep and wake after sleep onset largely removed these early morning differences in executive function. CONCLUSIONS This PER3 polymorphism differentially influences the effects of sleep deprivation on executive and non-executive function in the early morning. These effects appear to be mediated through homeostatic sleep pressure.
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1085
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Yamamori M, Taniguchi M, Maeda S, Nakamura T, Okamura N, Kuwahara A, Iwaki K, Tamura T, Aoyama N, Markova S, Kasuga M, Okumura K, Sakaeda T. VEGF T-1498C polymorphism, a predictive marker of differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinomas in Japanese. Int J Med Sci 2008; 5:80-6. [PMID: 18414651 PMCID: PMC2293643 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, MDR1 T-129C polymorphism, encoding multidrug resistant transporter MDR1/P-glycoprotein, was reported to be predictive of poorly-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas. Here, VEGF T-1498C, C-634G and C-7T polymorphisms, encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were investigated in terms of their association with differentiation grade. METHODS VEGF genotypes were determined by TaqMan(R) MGB probe based polymerase chain reaction and evaluated were confirmed by direct sequencing in 36 Japanese patients. RESULTS VEGF T-1498C, but not C-634G or C-7T, was predictive of poorly-differentiated ones, and thereby a poor prognosis (p = 0.064 for genotype, p = 0.037 for allele), and this effect can be explained by that on VEGF expression. Treatment of a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HCT-15, with sodium butyrate, a typical differentiating agent, resulted in an increase of alkaline phosphatase activity and MDR1 mRNA expression, but in a decrease of VEGF mRNA expression. The transfection of VEGF small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced the expression of MDR1 mRNA to 288-332% of the control level, whereas MDR1 siRNA had no effect on VEGF mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS VEGF T-1498C polymorphism is also a candidate marker predictive of poorly-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas, but further investigations with a large number of patients should be addressed to draw a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yamamori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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1086
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Abstract
A family history of atherosclerosis is independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. The genetic factors underlying the importance of inheritance in atherosclerosis are starting to be understood. Genetic variation, such as mutations or common polymorphisms has been shown to be involved in modulation of a range of risk factors, such as plasma lipoprotein levels, inflammation and vascular calcification. This review presents examples of present studies of the role of genetic polymorphism in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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1087
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Wang FY, Arisawa T, Tahara T, Nagasaka M, Fujita H, Hirata I, Nakano H. The Role of Mannan-Binding Lectin (MBL) Gene Polymorphism in Ulcerative Colitis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2008; 42:54-8. [PMID: 18231631 PMCID: PMC2212342 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2008009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Series studies suggest that enteropathogenic microorganisms play a substantial role in the clinical initiation and relapses of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important constituent of the innate immune system, and deficiency of MBL has been reported to increase the overall susceptibility of an individual to infectious disease. This study was aimed to investigate the associations between polymorphisms of the MBL gene and UC. Recruited in this study were 108 Japanese patients with UC and 144 healthy control subjects. Polymorphism at codon 54 of exon 1 of the MBL gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism. In general, no significant difference in MBL polymorphism was found between UC patients and health controls. However, the frequency of A carriers was significantly higher in the relapsing cases than controls (Odds ration = 2.19, 95%CI, 1.10-4.34; p = 0.023), and similar tendency was also found in A/A genotype. In conclusion, the polymorphism at codon 54 of exon 1 of the MBL gene associated with the susceptibility to the relapsing phenotype of ulcerative colitis. It suggests that codon 54 A variants of MBL gene may have an increased risk for the flare-ups of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tomiyasu Arisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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1088
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Martins VR, Gomes HR, Chimelli L, Rosemberg S, Landemberger MC. Prion diseases are undercompulsory notification in Brazil: Surveillance of cases evaluated by biochemicaland/or genetic markers from 2005 to 2007. Dement Neuropsychol 2007; 1:347-355. [PMID: 29213410 PMCID: PMC5619428 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642008dn10400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom has raised concerns over the risks of this prion disease in other parts of the world. Since 2005, human prion diseases have been under compulsory notification in Brazil. It is well known that some polymorphisms within the cellular prion gene (PRNP) have been associated to a higher susceptibility to sporadic CJD (sCJD) and vCJD. Objectives To describe the first notified cases and to evaluate the presence of mutations and polymorphisms of the PRNP in these cases. Methods Thirty-five notified cases were evaluated by clinical, auxiliary exams and biochemical and/or genetic tests and classified according to the World Health Organization criteria for CJD. A control group (N=202) was included for the purpose of comparing the genetic analyses. Results Twenty seven cases (74%) were classified as possible sCJD while 51% fulfilled the criteria for probable sCJD. Brain tissue analysis was available in three cases, where two were classified as definite sCJD and one as unconfirmed sCJD. Mutation of the PRNP was not found, and regarding the codon 129 polymorphism, valine in both alleles (Val129Val) was more frequent in patients than in the control group (OR=4.98; 1.55-15.96; p=0.007) when all possible cases were included, but not when only probable cases were considered. Conclusions Our data did not show correlation of PRNP polymorphisms with probable sCJD cases. It is necessary to work toward notification of all cases of possible CJD in Brazil and to increase the rate of definitive diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélio Rodrigues Gomes
- Center for Research in Neurology (LIM/15), Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Sergio Rosemberg
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo
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1089
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Li H, Dai Y, Huang H, Li L, Leng S, Cheng J, Niu Y, Duan H, Liu Q, Zhang X, Huang X, Xie J, Feng Z, Wang J, He J, Zheng Y. HLA-B*1301 as a biomarker for genetic susceptibility to hypersensitivity dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene among workers in China. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:1553-1556. [PMID: 18007983 PMCID: PMC2072824 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used extensively as an industrial solvent and has been recognized as one of the major environmental pollutants. To date, > 200 cases of TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis among exposed workers have been reported worldwide, and TCE exposure has become one of the critical occupational health issues in Asia. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify genetic susceptible biomarkers associated with the TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis in genes located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. METHODS From 1998 to 2006, 121 cases with TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis and 142 tolerant controls were recruited into the population-based case-control study. We determined HLA alleles B, DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1, by sequence-based typing. p-Values were corrected for comparisons of multiple HLA alleles. In addition, we compared and analyzed the structure character of amino acid residues of HLA molecules found in participants. RESULTS We obtained complete genotyping data of 113 cases and 142 controls. The allele HLA-B*1301 was present in 83 (73.5%) of 113 patients compared with 13 (9.2%) of 142 tolerant workers (odds ratio = 27.5; 95% confidence interval, 13.5-55.7; corrected p = 1.48 x 10(-21)). In addition, the HLA-B*44 alleles were present in 6.2% (7/113) of patients, but were absent in TCE-tolerant workers. Residue 95 shared by HLA-B*1301 and HLA-B*44 molecules formed a different pocket F than other residues. CONCLUSIONS The allele HLA-B*1301 is strongly associated with TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis among exposed workers and might be used as a biomarker to predict high risk individuals to TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Li
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Laiyu Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- Institute of Health Inspection of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Institute of Health Inspection of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juncai Wang
- Institute of Health Inspection of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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1090
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Glatt SJ, Bousman C, Wang RS, Murthy KK, Rana BK, Lasky-Su JA, Zhu SC, Zhang R, Li J, Zhang B, Li J, Lyons MJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Evaluation of OPRM1 variants in heroin dependence by family-based association testing and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 90:159-65. [PMID: 17416470 PMCID: PMC2012941 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OPRM1, which codes for the mu-opioid receptor, is the most frequently studied candidate gene for opioid dependence. Despite numerous allelic association studies, no definitive conclusion has been reached regarding the role of OPRM1 polymorphisms in determining risk for opioid dependence. We attempted to resolve this by conducting a family-based association study and meta-analysis which may be more robust and powerful, respectively, than traditional case-control analyses. First, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OPRM1 in 1208 individuals from 473 Han Chinese families ascertained on the basis of having two or more siblings with DSM-IV-defined opioid dependence. The Val6Ala and Arg111His SNPs were detected, but with low minor allele frequencies (0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The Asn40Asp SNP was more informative (minor allele frequency: 0.419), but no significant evidence was observed for either a dominant (p=0.810) or additive (p=0.406) effect of this polymorphism on risk for opioid dependence. In addition, a meta-analysis of case-control studies of opioid dependence was performed, and found a similar lack of evidence for an association with the Asn40Asp SNP (p=0.859). Although a role of OPRM1 polymorphisms in determining risk for opioid dependence cannot be entirely discounted, a major contribution of the Asn40Asp polymorphism seems unlikely. Further analysis is warranted in samples from specific ancestral groups. In addition, it is critical that other OPRM1 variants, including all haplotype-tagging and amino-acid-coding SNPs, be tested for an influence on risk for opioid dependence, since the Asn40Asp polymorphism is only one of several hundred known mutations in the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical Genetics Research Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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1091
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Woon PY, Kaisaki PJ, Bragança J, Bihoreau MT, Levy JC, Farrall M, Gauguier D. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (BMAL1) is associated with susceptibility to hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14412-7. [PMID: 17728404 PMCID: PMC1958818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703247104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of physiology and behavior follow a circadian rhythm. Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) is a key component of the mammalian molecular clock, which controls circadian oscillations. In the rat, the gene encoding Bmal1 is located within hypertension susceptibility loci. We analyzed the SNP distribution pattern in a congenic interval associated with hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and we show that Bmal1 maps close to a region genetically divergent between SHR and its normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto) counterpart. Bmal1 sequencing in rat strains identified 19 polymorphisms, including an SHR promoter variant that significantly affects Gata-4 activation of transcription in transient transfection experiments. A genetic association study designed to test the relevance of these findings in 1,304 individuals from 424 families primarily selected for type 2 diabetes showed that two BMAL1 haplotypes are associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This comparative genetics finding translated from mouse and rat models to human provides evidence of a causative role of Bmal1 variants in pathological components of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Bragança
- *Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Jonathan C. Levy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Farrall
- *Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom; and
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1092
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Abstract
PURPOSE Oral cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer in the world and comprises 6.5% of all cancer deaths. Since one of the major risk factors for oral cancer is tobacco use, we hypothesized that polymorphic genes coding for tobacco carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes may play a role in oral cancer susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the association between polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes and risks for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Korean population, the prevalence of the CYP1A1 Mspl and GSTM1 null polymorphisms were examined in 72 patients with histologically confirmed primary OSCC, as well as in 221 healthy control subjects. RESULTS A significant risk increase for oral cancer was observed among subjects with the homozygous CYP1A1 (m2/m2) genotype (OR=3.8, 95% CI=1.9-7.7), but not the GSTM1 null genotype (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.4-1.3). Risk for oral cancer was significantly increased in subjects with the homozygous CYP1A1 (m2/m2)genotype, regardless of smoking history (smokers; OR=4.4; 95% CI=1.2-16.3; non- smokers OR=4.9; 95% CI=1.9-12.5). Using the potentially most protective genotype GSTM1 (+)/CYP1A1 [(m1/m1)+ (m1/m2)] as the reference group, an increased risk for oral cancer was observed among subjects with the GSTM1 (+)/ CYP1A1 (m2/m2) (OR= 2.0, 95% CI=0.8-5.2), and GSTM1 (-)/ CYP1A1 (m2/m2) (OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.5-15.5) genotypes (p < 0.009, (chi2 trend test). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that individuals with a genotype of CYP1A1 (m2/m2) and GSTM1 (-) are highly susceptible for OSCC and that the CYP1A1 (m2/m2) genotype is closely associated with increased risk of OSCC in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Yun Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33647, USA
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ah Choi
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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1093
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Hong YC, Hwang SS, Kim JH, Lee KH, Lee HJ, Lee KH, Yu SD, Kim DS. Metals in particulate pollutants affect peak expiratory flow of schoolchildren. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:430-4. [PMID: 17431494 PMCID: PMC1849935 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of the metal components of particulate pollutants to acute respiratory effects has not been adequately evaluated. Moreover, little is known about the effects of genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism on pulmonary function. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess lung function decrement associated with metal components in particulate pollutants and genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1. METHODS We studied 43 schoolchildren who were in the 3rd to 6th grades. Each student measured peak expiratory flow rate three times a day for 42 days. Particulate air concentrations were monitored every day, and the concentrations of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and aluminum in the particles were measured. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms were determined using DNA extracted from participant buccal washings. We used a mixed linear regression model to estimate the association between peak expiratory flow rate and particulate air pollutants. RESULTS We found significant reduction in the peak expiratory flow rate after the children's exposure to particulate pollutants. The effect was shown most significantly 1 day after exposure to the ambient particles. Manganese and lead in the particles also reduced the peak expiratory flow rate. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 did not significantly affect peak expiratory flow rate. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that particulate pollutants and metals such as manganese and lead in the particles are associated with a decrement of peak expiratory flow rate. These effects were robust even with consideration of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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1094
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Kiyohara C, Yoshimasu K. Genetic polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4:59-71. [PMID: 17299578 PMCID: PMC1796947 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various DNA alterations can be caused by exposure to environmental and endogenous carcinogens. Most of these alterations, if not repaired, can result in genetic instability, mutagenesis and cell death. DNA repair mechanisms are important for maintaining DNA integrity and preventing carcinogenesis. Recent lung cancer studies have focused on identifying the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes, among which DNA repair genes are increasingly being studied. Genetic variations in DNA repair genes are thought to modulate DNA repair capacity and are suggested to be related to lung cancer risk. We identified a sufficient number of epidemiologic studies on lung cancer to conduct a meta-analysis for genetic polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes, focusing on xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), excision repair cross complementing group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2/XPD, ERCC4/XPF and ERCC5/XPG. We found an increased risk of lung cancer among subjects carrying the ERCC2 751Gln/Gln genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14 - 1.49). We found a protective effect of the XPA 23G/G genotype (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59 - 0.95). Considering the data available, it can be conjectured that if there is any risk association between a single SNP and lung cancer, the risk fluctuation will probably be minimal. Advances in the identification of new polymorphisms and in high-throughput genotyping techniques will facilitate the analysis of multiple genes in multiple DNA repair pathways. Therefore, it is likely that the defining feature of future epidemiologic studies will be the simultaneous analysis of large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kiyohara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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1095
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Herman AI, Kranzler HR, Cubells JF, Gelernter J, Covault J. Association study of the CNR1 gene exon 3 alternative promoter region polymorphisms and substance dependence. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:499-503. [PMID: 16741937 PMCID: PMC2574012 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An alternative promoter producing a novel 5'-untranslated region of cannabinoid receptor mRNA has recently been described in CNR1, the gene encoding the cannabinoid receptor protein. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) adjacent to this site were reported to be associated with polysubstance abuse [Zhang et al., 2004]. We examined the association of 4 SNPs (rs6928499, rs806379, rs1535255, rs2023239) in the distal region of intron 2 of CNR1 both with individual substance dependence diagnoses (i.e., alcohol, cocaine, and opioids), as well as with polysubstance dependence. The study samples consisted of European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) subjects with drug and or alcohol dependence (n = 895), and controls (n = 472). Subjects were grouped as polysubstance dependent, opioid dependent, cocaine dependent, cannabis dependent, and alcohol dependent. There was a modest association of marker rs1535255 with alcohol dependence (P = 0.04), though with correction for multiple phenotype comparisons, this effect was not considered statistically significant. These findings fail to replicate the original report of an association between SNPs adjacent to an alternative CNR1 exon 3 transcription start site and polysubstance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh I. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Joseph F. Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan Covault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Psychiatry, MC 1410, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1410, Phone: 860-679-7560, Fax: 860-679-1316, E-mail:
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1096
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Davis TJ, de Fiebre CM. Alcohol's actions on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Alcohol Res Health 2006; 29:179-85. [PMID: 17373406 PMCID: PMC6527039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been known for many years that alcoholism and tobacco addiction often co-occur, relatively little information is available on the biological factors that regulate the co-use and abuse of nicotine and alcohol. In the brain, nicotine acts at several different types of receptors collectively known as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Alcohol also acts on at least some of these receptors, enhancing the function of some nAChR subtypes and inhibiting the activity of others. Chronic alcohol and nicotine administration also lead to changes in the numbers of nAChRs. Natural variations (i.e., polymorphisms) in the genes encoding different nAChR subunits may be associated with individual differences in the sensitivity to some of alcohol's and nicotine's effects. Finally, at least one subtype of nAChR may help protect cells against alcohol-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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1097
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Park JY, Chen L, Wadhwa N, Tockman MS. Polymorphisms for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and genetic susceptibility to COPD. Int J Mol Med 2005; 15:443-8. [PMID: 15702235 PMCID: PMC3705731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although smoking is the major causal factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), only 10-20% of chronic heavy cigarette smokers develop symptomatic COPD, which suggests the presence of genetic susceptibility. The human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) is a metabolizing enzyme which involves the process of numerous reactive epoxide intermediates and contains polymorphic alleles which are associated with altered EH activity and may be linked to increased risk for COPD. To determine whether the EH polymorphisms contributed to increased risk for COPD, prevalence of the EH codons 113 and 139 polymorphisms were compared between COPD patients and controls by a PCR-RFLP analysis using genomic DNA isolated from 131 COPD patients and 262 individually matched controls by age (+/-5 years) among Caucasians with 2:1 ratio. Significantly increased risk for COPD was observed for subjects with the EH(113His/His) genotypes (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.1-5.1). These results were consistent with the fact that a significant trend towards increased risk was observed with predicted less protective EH codon 113 genotypes (p=0.03, trend test). A similar association was not observed for EH codon 139 polymorphism. As expected, a significant correlation between smoking dose and severity of COPD was observed (p<0.001). These results suggest that EH codon 113 polymorphism may modify risk for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Y Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Controls, Molecular Screening Section, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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1098
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Abstract
AIMS To determine the incidence of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic polymorphism in the Thai population. METHODS Genomic DNAs were isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes of 200 healthy Thais. The frequencies of five allelic variants of the TPMT gene, TPMT*2, *3A, *3B, *3C and *6 were determined using allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS Of the 200 Thai subjects participating in this study, 181 subjects (90.5%) were homozygous for TPMT*1, 18 subjects (9.0%) were heterozygous for TPMT*1/*3C. Only one subject (0.5%) was homozygous for TPMT*3C. The frequency of TPMT*3C mutant allele was 0.050. CONCLUSIONS Although the TPMT*3C is the most prevalent mutant allele in Asian populations, the frequency of this defective allele is significantly higher in Thais than has been reported in other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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1099
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Ye S, Dhillon S, Seear R, Dunleavey L, Day LB, Bannister W, Day INM, Simpson I. Epistatic interaction between variations in the angiotensin I converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor genes in relation to extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Heart 2003; 89:1195-9. [PMID: 12975417 PMCID: PMC1767923 DOI: 10.1136/heart.89.10.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that gene-gene interaction of the renin-angiotensin system is associated with an effect on the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. SETTING AND RESULTS A cohort of 1162 patients with coronary artery disease were genotyped for genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system. Patients carrying the D allele of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene had greater coronary extent scores (defined as the number of coronary segments with 5% to 75% stenosis) than those not carrying this allele (p = 0.006 in non-parametric analysis and p = 0.019 in parametric analysis). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes, which were also significantly associated with coronary extent scores. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.033) between genotypes of ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). The association between the ACE gene D allele and increased coronary extent scores was significant (p = 0.008 in non-parametric and p = 0.027 in parametric analysis) in those carrying the +1166 C allele of the AGTR1 gene, but was absent in those not carrying the AGTR1 gene +1166 C allele. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that variation in the ACE and AGTR1 genes and their interaction may not only contribute to susceptibility of coronary artery disease as previously found but also modify the disease process, thus contributing to interindividual differences in severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ye
- Human Genetics Division, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
The human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) gene contains polymorphic alleles which are associated with altered EH activity and may be linked to increased risk for tobacco-related cancers. The objective was to examine the role of EH polymorphisms in orolaryngeal cancer risk. The prevalence of the EH codons 113 and 139 polymorphisms were examined in 81 African American and 142 Caucasian incident orolaryngeal cancer patients and 335 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and race. In Caucasians, a significant risk increase was observed for subjects with the EH(113Tyr) variant (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1-4.0) and predicted high-activity EH genotypes in heavy-smokers (>or=35 pack-years; OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.2-9.6). A significant association between predicted high EH activity genotypes and orolaryngeal cancer risk was observed in Caucasian subjects with the GSTM1 null (OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.3-9.3) but not GSTM [+] (OR=0.9, 95%CI=0.4-2.1) genotype. These results suggest that EH polymorphisms play an important role in risk for orolaryngeal cancer in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Y Park
- Division of Cancer Controls, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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