101
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O E, Lee BH, Ahn HY, Shin JC, Kim HK, Kim M, Park IY, Park YG, Joe YA. Efficient nonadhesive ex vivo expansion of early endothelial progenitor cells derived from CD34+ human cord blood fraction for effective therapeutic vascularization. FASEB J 2010; 25:159-69. [PMID: 20852063 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-162040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to have therapeutic potential in ischemic disease. However, the number of EPCs for cell therapy is limited. In this study, instead of the typical adherent culture method, we investigated a more efficient, clinically applicable nonadhesive expansion method for early EPCs using cord blood-derived cells to overcome rapid cellular senescence. After a suspension culture of isolated CD34(+) cells in serum-free medium containing each cytokine combination was maintained for 9 d, the number of expanded functional EPCs was assessed by an adherent culture assay. Compared to mononuclear cells, the CD34(+) fraction was superior in its expansion of functional EPCs that could differentiate into acLDL/UEA-1(+) cells without significant cellular senescence, whereas the CD34(-) fraction showed no EPC expansion. Among the cytokine combinations tested for the CD34(+) fraction, a combination (SFIb) consisting of stem cell factor (SCF), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, interleukin-3, and basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in a reproducible 64- to 1468-fold EPC expansion from various cord blood origins. Interestingly, the SFIb combination displayed markedly increased EPC expansion (2.43-fold), with a higher percentage of CD34(+) cells (2.17-fold), undifferentiated blasts (2.38-fold) and CXCR4(+) cells (1.68-fold) compared to another cytokine combination (SCF, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), although the two cytokine combinations had a similar level of total mononucleated cell expansion (∼ 10% difference). Accordingly, the cells expanded in the SFIb combination were more effective in recovery of blood flow and neovascularization in hind-limb ischemia in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the nonadhesive serum-free culture conditions of the CD34(+) fraction provide an effective EPC expansion method for cell therapy, and an expansion condition leading to high percentages of CD34(+) cells and blasts is likely important in EPC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju O
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-dong 505, Seocho-ku, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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102
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Kwon NY, Kim JG, Park YG. Weighted H ωand New Paradox of κ. Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 2009. [DOI: 10.5351/kjas.2009.22.5.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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103
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Kim JG, Park MH, Park YG. Measure of Agreement H in mXm Contingency Table. Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 2009. [DOI: 10.5351/ckss.2009.16.5.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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104
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Abstract
Approximately 5-30% of the ovarian cancers are metastatic malignancies. The prevalence of metastatic ovarian tumors varies with the incidence rates and spread patterns of primary malignancies. We evaluated the prevalence, pre- and postoperative characteristics of metastatic ovarian cancer in Korean women. We reviewed the records for 821 ovarian malignancies with pathological consultation from 1996-2006 and recorded patient demographical, radiological, histopathological, and survival data. The study included 112 cases of histologically confirmed metastatic ovarian cancer. Metastatic ovarian cancer accounted for 13.6% of all ovarian malignancy, primarily arising from the gastrointestinal tract. The preoperative detection rate with imaging was 75%, and none of the radiological or serological features were useful for differential diagnosis. In multivariate analysis for prognostic variables, the only significant factor was the primary tumor site (p=0.004). Furthermore, extensive resection increased survival for some patients. The differential diagnosis of metastatic ovarian cancer can be problematic, so multiple diagnostic approaches are necessary. The extent of cytoreductive surgery for this type of tumor must be decided on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Tong
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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105
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Bae JH, Lee SJ, Lee A, Park YG, Bae SN, Park JS, Namkoong SE. Neoadjuvant cisplatin and etoposide followed by radical hysterectomy for stage 1B–2B cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 111:444-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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106
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Bae JH, Lee SJ, Kim CJ, Hur SY, Park YG, Lee WC, Kim YT, Ng TL, Bock HL, Park JS. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution in Korean women: a meta-analysis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 18:788-794. [PMID: 18467878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to estimate the overall prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Korean women, through literature review and meta-analysis. We searched published data for the period between 1995 and 2007 using the following inclusion criteria; (1) studies using type-specific HPV tests, (2) data from Korean female, (3) with cytologic or pathologic results, (4) having more than 20 cases for each subgroup classified by cytologic results, and (5) HPV detection including types 16, 18, and at least one other type. In total, 18 studies (13,842 cases) published up to April 2007 were identified and selected. Adjusted overall HPV prevalence was 23.9% (95% CI: 23.8-24.1%) in women with normal cytology and 95.8% (95% CI: 95.4-96.2%) in women with cervical cancer. Type 16 was predominant regardless of cervical disease status, and type 58 occupied a significantly larger proportion in high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer in Korean women. HPV types 58, 33, and 52 together accounted for about 20% of infections in cervical cancer and high-grade intraepithelial lesions. After introduction of HPV prophylactic vaccines, extended protection, especially against types 58, 33, and 52, will be an important issue for cervical cancer prevention in Korea. The future dominant genotypes will require follow-up epidemiological studies with a large-scale, multicentered, and prospective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Catholic Medical Center, Seoul 137-040, Korea
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107
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Park YG, Wey MY, Hong SI. Enhanced wear and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by plasma carburizing/CrN coating. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:925-31. [PMID: 17143738 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a newly developed duplex coating method incorporating plasma carburization and CrN coating was applied to Ti-6Al-4V and its effects on the wear resistance and fatigue life were investigated. The carburized layer with approximately150 microm in depth and CrN coating film with 7.5 microm in thickness were formed after duplex coating. Hard carbide particles such as TiC And V(4)C(3) were formed in the carburized layer. XRD diffraction pattern analysis revealed that CrN film had predominant [111] and [200] textures. The hardness (Hv) was significantly improved up to about 1,960 after duplex coating while the hardness value of original Ti-6Al-4V was 402. The threshold load for the modification and/or failure of CrN coating was measured to be 32 N using the acoustic emission technique. The wear resistance and fatigue life of duplex-coated Ti-6Al-4V improved significantly compared to those of un-treated specimen. The enhanced wear resistance can be attributed to the excellent adhesion and improved hardness of CrN coating film for the duplex-coated Ti-6Al-4V. The initiation of fatigue cracks is likely to be retarded by the presence of hard and strong layers on the surface, resulting in the enhanced fatigue life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Department of Materials Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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108
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Yoon KC, Jeong IY, Im SK, Park YG, Kim HJ, Choi J. Therapeutic effect of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of dry eye associated with graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:231-5. [PMID: 17211430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord serum eyedrops on dry eye associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Twenty-four eyes of 12 patients with severe dry eye syndrome associated with GVHD were treated with 20% umbilical cord serum eyedrops. Symptom scoring, corneal sensitivity test, tear film break up time (BUT), Schirmer test, tear clearance rate (TCR), and corneal fluorescein staining were performed before and 2 and 6 months after treatment. Six months after treatment, significant improvement was observed in symptom score (from 3.83+/-0.38 to 0.83+/-0.57, P<0.01), corneal sensitivity (from 52.08+/-6.06 mm to 57.50+/-3.00 mm, P<0.01), tear film BUT (from 2.50+/-0.91 s to 5.71+/-1.04 s, P<0.01), and keratoepitheliopathy score (from 7.42+/-2.02 to 1.29+/-0.46, P<0.01). There was no siginificant change in Schirmer test and TCR results. No significant complications associated with the use of the eyedrops were observed. Umbilical cord serum eyedrops are safe and may be an effective way to treat severe dry eye associated with GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
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109
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Kim MJ, Kang JH, Park YG, Ryu GR, Ko SH, Jeong IK, Koh KH, Rhie DJ, Yoon SH, Hahn SJ, Kim MS, Jo YH. Exendin-4 induction of cyclin D1 expression in INS-1 beta-cells: involvement of cAMP-responsive element. J Endocrinol 2006; 188:623-33. [PMID: 16522741 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its analog exendin-4 (EX) have been considered as a growth factor implicated in pancreatic islet mass increase and beta-cell proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EX on cyclin D1 expression, a key regulator of the cell cycle, in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1. We demonstrated that EX significantly increased cyclin D1 mRNA and subsequently its protein levels. Although EX induced phosphorylation of Raf-1 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), both PD98059 and exogenous ERK1 had no effect on the cyclin D1 induction by EX. Instead, the cAMP-elevating agent forskolin induced cyclin D1 expression remarkably and this response was inhibited by pretreatment with H-89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Promoter analyses revealed that the cAMP-responsive element (CRE) site (at position -48; 5'-TAACGTCA-3') of cyclin D1 gene was required for both basal and EX-induced activation of the cyclin D1 promoter, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis study. For EX to activate the cyclin D1 promoter effectively, CRE-binding protein (CREB) should be phosphorylated and bound to the putative CRE site, according to the results of electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Lastly, a transfection assay employing constitutively active or dominant-negative CREB expression plasmids clearly demonstrated that CREB was largely involved in both basal and EX-induced cyclin D1 promoter activities. Taken together, EX-induced cyclin D1 expression is largely dependent on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, and EX increases the level of phosphorylated CREB and more potently trans-activates cyclin D1 gene through binding of the CREB to the putative CRE site, implicating a potential mechanism underlying beta-cell proliferation by EX.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Kim
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Kim CJ, Cho YG, Park YG, Nam SW, Kim SY, Lee SH, Yoo NJ, Lee JY, Park WS. Pin1 overexpression in colorectal cancer and its correlation with aberrant β-catenin expression. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5006-9. [PMID: 16124054 PMCID: PMC4321918 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i32.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate clinical significance of Pin1 and β-catenin expression in colorectal cancers and to demonstrate the relationship of their expression.
METHODS: The role of Pin1 and β-catenin protein in colorectal tumorigenesis and their clinicopathologic significance were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between Pin1 and β-catenin protein expressions was also studied in 124 patients with colorectal cancer who were surgically treated.
RESULTS: Normal colonic epithelium either failed to express or showed focal and weak expression of Pin1 and β-catenin. Overexpression of Pin1 and β-catenin protein was found in 23 (18.54%) and 50 (40.3%) of 124 colorectal cancers, respectively. Overexpression of both proteins was not related to the lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and survival period after excision. Survival analysis results indicated that tumor stage was a valuable predictor of survival. Interestingly, a significant correlation was found between Pin1 and β-catenin protein expression.
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of Pin1 and β-catenin may be closely related with the development and/or progression of colorectal carcinoma and further supports that Pin1 overexpression might contribute to the upregulation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jae Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
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111
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Kim JA, Park YG, Cho KH, Hong MH, Han HC, Choi YS, Yoon D. Heart rate variability and obesity indices: emphasis on the response to noise and standing. J Am Board Fam Med 2005; 18:97-103. [PMID: 15798138 DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.18.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese people have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanism of this result remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to prove heart rate variability (HRV) response at rest and during stimuli in these persons. METHODS The subjects were 41 healthy persons (19 men, 22 women) ranging in age from 20 to 65 years. HRV was measured at rest and at given stresses with noise and standing. RESULTS Higher levels of fat mass, percentage fat content, and waist/hip ratio were significantly associated with lower low frequency (LF) (r = -0.34, r = -0.43; P < .01, r = -0.33, P < .05), and lower root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMS standard deviation) (r = -0.33, r = -0.35, r = -0.38, P < .05). During rest, noise, and standing, the change amount of the standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN) and low frequency/high frequency ratio were not different between normal and obese groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION Although there was no significant HRV response to stimuli, root mean square of successive differences (which reflects parasympathetic acivity) and low frequency (which mainly reflects sympathetic activity) were negatively correlated with fat mass, fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio at rest in obese persons. These results mean obesity can change cardiac autonomic nervous response, meaning that the mechanism by which obesity increases cardiac mortality would be explained, at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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112
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Abstract
We report an example of subarachnoid neurocysticercosis located in the left cerebellopontine cistern of a 60 year-old man. The negative results of the serum and cerebrospinal fluid tests for parasites and the unusual MRI findings, such as the uncommon shape, location and extension pattern, made differential diagnosis difficult. Neurocysticercosis was confirmed by surgical and histopathological findings. The clinical and radiographic features of neurocysticercosis are highly variable. In an endemic area, neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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113
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Abstract
A 60 year-old female presented with a non-specific headache that she had experienced for 4 years. A simple skull X-ray indicated a well-defined, lobulated and radiolucent lesion with a thin sclerotic rim involving the parietal bone (Fig. 1A). Computed tomography revealed a hypodense lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2 cm-sized cystic lesion in the diploic space with both tabular involvement. This lesion was not enhanced by contrast agent. It was well defined and the periosteum was intact. The cyst paralleled the CSF in signal intensity on all pulse sequences. No fluid levels were detected (Fig. 1B, C, D). After the scalp was incised, a semi-translucent and light yellow- to white-coloured bony lesion was easily identified. The outer bony cortex of this lesion was slightly elevated, and the consistency was same as that of the normal skull. A craniectomy was performed and the cystic skull lesion was removed. The inner surface of this cystic lesion was intact but appeared irregular. The cystic cavity was empty and the dura did not appear to be involved. Histologically, it was a simple cystic cavity without lining epithelium, and the surrounding bony structures were normal (Fig. 1E, F). It was diagnosed as a simple bone cyst (SBC). The postoperative course was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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114
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Lee SB, Kim BC, Jin SH, Park YG, Kim SK, Kang TJ, Chae GT. Missense mutations of the interleukin-12 receptor beta 1(IL12RB1) and interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) genes are not associated with susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy in Korea. Immunogenetics 2003; 55:177-181. [PMID: 12743658 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-003-0573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2003] [Revised: 03/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 receptor beta 1 ( IL12RB1), interleukin-12 receptor beta 2 ( IL12RB2), and interferon gamma receptor 1 ( IFNGR1) perform important roles in the host defense against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacteria. Several mutations within their genes have been confirmed as associated with increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. However, the association between mutations of the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IFNGR1 encoding genes and lepromatous leprosy has not been studied. This study screened for polymorphisms within IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IFNGR1 encoding genes in the Korean populations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) DNA sequencing assay, and an association study was performed using the missense mutations of 705 A/G (Q214R), 1196 G/C (G378R), 1637 G/A (A525T), and 1664 C/T (P534S) of the IL12RB1, 83 G/A (V14M), and 1443 T/C (L467P) for the IFNGR1 encoding genes. There were no differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL12RB1 and IFNGR1 genes between 93 lepromatous leprosy patients and 94 control subjects. In conclusion, missense mutations of 705 A/G (Q214R), 1196 G/C (G378R), 1637 G/A (A525T), 1664 C/T (P534S) of the IL12RB1, 83 G/A (V14 M), and 1443 T/C (L467P) of the IFNGR1 encoding genes have no association with the susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Beom Lee
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Kim
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Hou Jin
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Kon Kim
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kang
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gue-Tae Chae
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Hansen's disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-Gu, 137-701, Seoul, Korea.
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115
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Abstract
Detoxification of a drug in a bioartificial liver (BAL) during an in vitro experiment was theoretically carried out based on a perifusion model. The detoxification capacity assay, the rates of disappearance of the chemicals such as flow-limited and enzyme-limited drugs in the BAL system could be defined from models of hepatic perfusion-elimination relationships. When the flow-limited drug administrated under a quasi-equilibrium condition, a two-compartment model for the concentration behavior of the drug was introduced and compared with a one-compartment model. For both models, equations involving hepatic drug clearance and various pharmacokinetic parameters were derived under initial bolus loading and constant-rate infusion plus bolus loading conditions. The concentration of enzyme-limited drug in the BAL decreased linearly with time in contrast with the concentration profile of the flow-limited drug followed by exponential functions. The perifusion model offers a quantitative understanding of the elimination kinetics of chemicals such as flow-limited and enzyme-limited drugs in a bioartificial liver and a comparison between the BAL and human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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116
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the results of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of intracranial meningiomas and to assess possible factors related to the outcome and complications of such treatment. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 179 patients (194 lesions) treated with GKS for meningiomas between May 1992 and October 2000. The mean follow up duration was 37.3 months (range 6.4 to 86.3 months). The study determined the correlation between radiosurgical outcome including imaging changes after GKS and multiple factors such as tumour location and size, patient characteristics, venous sinus status, pre-GKS degree of oedema, other treatment modalities, and radiosurgical parameters. RESULTS The radiological control rate was 97.1%. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed complications after GKS in 35 lesions (25.0%) among the 140 lesions followed up with MRI. Complications were divided into peritumorous imaging changes (33 lesions; 23.6%) and transient cranial nerve dysfunction (two lesions; 1.4%). Radiation induced imaging changes were seen mostly in convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas that were deeply embedded in the cortex. About 60% of these were asymptomatic and the overall rate of symptomatic imaging changes was 9.3%. Neurological deficit related to imaging changes developed in only three patients, and all the symptoms were transient. CONCLUSION GKS for intracranial meningiomas seems to be a safe and effective treatment. However, meningiomas of the convexity, parasagittal region, or falx cerebri have a higher incidence of peritumorous imaging changes after GKS than those of the skull base. Therefore, the use of GKS needs to be considered very cautiously in cerebral hemispheric meningiomas, taking into consideration patient age and general condition, tumour size and location, pattern of cortical embedding, relation between the tumour and venous sinuses, presenting symptoms, and patient preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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117
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Kim H, Han DH, Roh YM, Kim K, Park YG. Facial anthropometric dimensions of Koreans and their associations with fit of quarter-mask respirators. Ind Health 2003; 41:8-18. [PMID: 12674548 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.41.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Past studies on respirator fit or performance have mostly been done for Whites or male subjects, and little attention has been paid to minorities and Asians. To fill this gap, this study was designed to provide facial anthropometric data for Koreans and to analyze the association between facial dimensions and respirator fit factors for three brands of quarter-mask respirators, two domestic and one imported brand, using a Portacount 8020. A total of 110 university student subjects, 70 males and 40 females volunteered for participation in the study. The results of this study showed that Korean males and females have different facial dimensions as compared with those of White males and females. Unexpectedly, the imported respirator performed better than the domestic respirators. Males were found to achieve better respirator fit than females regardless of respirator brands tested. The regression analysis found no common prognostic variables with the three respirator brands studied. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to find predictive facial dimensions with respirator fits. Some facial dimensions were found to be statistically significant, but these dimensions are different from the traditionally recommended facial dimensions of face length and lip width for quarter mask. To improve respirator fit for Koreans, these different facial characteristics need to be considered in the design of quarter mask respirators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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118
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Chung SS, Chang JH, Choi JY, Chang JW, Park YG. Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: a long-term follow-up of 1,169 consecutive cases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2002; 77:190-3. [PMID: 12428639 DOI: 10.1159/000064620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the records of 1,169 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) and were followed up for more than 6 months from January 1987. The mean follow-up duration was 23.8 months (6-145 months). Excellent surgical outcome was obtained in 90.5% and good in 4.5%, giving an overall success rate of 95.0%. There was statistically significant relationship between vertebral artery (VA) shift and side of symptom. Permanent facial weakness and hearing impairment were 1.4% and 2.3%, respectively. There were no anatomical differences at the root entry zone (REZ) and significant differences of surgical outcome in young HFS (34 patients). Factors such as type of offender, severity of compression on the facial nerve root, and the degree of decompression of the REZ on postoperative MRI did not correlate with surgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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119
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Abstract
We reviewed our series of metastatic brain tumors treated by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. From May 1992 to January 2001, 115 consecutive patients with 425 lesions were treated over 128 treatment sessions. Forty three patients were known to have died at the end of the recording period. The mean follow-up duration was 11.6 months and mean number of lesions was 3.5. The most common primary sites were lung and breast. Mean tumor volume was 4.2 cm(3) and mean margin dose was 16.2 Gy. 6-month, 1-year, and 18-month survival rates were 73.6, 58, and 46%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher KPS scores, no evidence of extracranial metastasis, and controlled primary disease were significantly related to longer survival. Adjuvant whole brain irradiation did not significantly influence on the prolongation of survival time and local control of radiosurgically treated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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120
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Song EY, Kang SK, Lee YC, Park YG, Chung TH, Kwon DH, Byun SM, Kim CH. Expression of bisecting N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III in human hepatocarcinoma tissues, fetal liver tissues, and hepatoma cell lines of Hep3B and HepG2. Cancer Invest 2002; 19:799-807. [PMID: 11768033 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-100107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine/beta-D-mannoside beta-1,4 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAc-transferase-III C 2.4.1.144) activity was determined in human hepatoma cell lines of Hep3B and HepG2, and also compared with those of normal liver tissues and primary hepatocytes. GlcNAc-transferase-III enzymes of Hep3B and HepG2 were mainly detected in the membrane fraction. When GlcN,GlcN-biant-PA and UDP-GlcNAc were used as substrates, the Km values (4.7 mM for UDP-GlcNAc and 1.1 mM for GlcN, GlcN-biant-PA) of Hep3B GlcNAc-transferase-III were distinguishable from those of HepG2 GlcNAc-transferase-III (6.8 mM for UDP-GlcNAc and 3.4 mM for GlcN,GlcN-biant-PA). Furthermore, Hep3B enzyme in membrane fraction showed about 1.5-fold higher specific activity (1423 pmol/hr/mg) than that of HepG2 (1066 pmol/hr/mg). Normal liver cells and primary adult hepatocytes are characterized by a very low level of GlcNAc-transferase-III activity, whereas human hepatoma cells exhibited high activities. These data were supported by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results, showing that expression of the GlcNAc-transferase-III mRNA increased in proportion to the enzymatic activities. Although the mechanism underlying the induction of this enzyme is unknown, lectin blot analysis showed that oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins were observed in hepatoma cells. By treating hepatocarcinoma cultures that express GlcNAc-transferase-III with inhibitors (tunicamycin, deoxymannojirimycin, and swainsonine) of different steps of the glycosylation, we provide evidence that expression of GlcNAc-transferase-III mRNA is dependent on glycosylation of cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Song
- Cytochemical Analysis RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon
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121
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Chang JW, Chang JH, Park SC, Kim TS, Park YG, Chung SS. Radiologically confirmed de novo glioblastoma multiforme and hippocampal sclerosis associated with the first onset of nonconvulsive simple partial status epilepticus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002; 143:297-300; discussion 300-1. [PMID: 11460918 DOI: 10.1007/s007010170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of an unusual progression of glioblastoma multiforme in the temporal lobe associated with the first onset of nonconvulsive simple partial status epilepticus (SPSE), a rare form of status epilepticus. The patient underwent a left temporal craniotomy and the tumor was removed. Concurrently, the hippocampus was removed as well. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor and the hippocampus were glioblastoma multiforme and hippocampal sclerosis. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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122
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam University Hospital, Chonnam University Medical School, and Chonnam Research Institute of Medical Science, Kwangju, Korea
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123
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Abstract
A bioartificial liver (BAL) is an extracorporeal medical device incorporating living hepatocytes in a cartridge. A variety of BALs have been developed and new devices are being introduced. Some of them have been clinically applied and from the results obtained they are claimed to be useful devices for assisting the liver functions of patients. However, there is still uncertainty as to their efficacy and their limitations are not clear. It is important to establish methods to quantitatively evaluate the metabolic and synthetic functions of BAL. In this paper, we derive simple equations for the quantitative evaluation of BAL functions on the basis of pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics was originally developed to understand the processes of absorption, distribution, and elimination of administered drugs. Metabolic functions of the natural liver have been analyzed using pharmacokinetics and values of the useful parameters, clearance (CL) and intrinsic clearance (CLint), have been reported. The metabolic functions of the BAL expressed using values of CL and CLint are easily compared with those of the normal human liver. We believe that our method provides a useful basis for estimating the clinical effectiveness of BAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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124
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Ryu KS, Lee YS, Kim BK, Park YG, Kim YW, Hur SY, Kim TE, Kim IK, Kim JW. Alterations of HLA class I and II antigen expression in preinvasive, invasive and metastatic cervical cancers. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:136-44. [PMID: 11642549 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA expression is altered in a large variety of human cancers. We performed immunohistochemical staining on tissues from normal, preinvasive, invasive and metastatic cervical cancer tissues using anti-HLA class I or class II antibody. In tissues from normal squamous epithelium, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and microinvasive carcinoma (MIC), the expressions of HLA-B, C heavy chains and class II heavy chain were significantly decreased as disease progressed. When the expression patterns were compared between primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions, statistically significant down-regulation of HLA class I and class II antigen in metastatic lesions was observed. The rates of HLA-B, C heavy chains and class II heavy chain expressions were all significantly down-regulated compared to the down-regulation rate of class I beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in invasive squamous lesions, and the expressions of class II heavy chain in metastatic lesions was decreased further than that in primary lesions. Unlike SCC, the degree of HLA class I and class II loss was not evident as disease progressed in early stage of adenocarcinoma. In invasive adenocarcinoma lesions, only the expression of HLA-B, C heavy chains was decreased and no differences were seen in HLA-B, C heavy chain expression patterns between primary and metastatic lesions. These results suggest that alterations of HLA class I and II expressions seem to occur at a particular step in cervical cancer development and depend on tissue types: when the tumor becomes invasive and starts to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, Seoul
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125
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Chang JW, Chang JH, Park YG, Chung SS. Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia: a correlation of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and surgical findings. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2001; 74:167-74. [PMID: 11279357 DOI: 10.1159/000056476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 104 patients with trigeminal neuralgia who underwent microvascular decompression and who were followed up for more than 12 months during the period from January 1992 to June 1998. In this recent series, we utilized three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) for all patients with trigeminal neuralgia. A 3D-TOF MRA was beneficial in treatment planning and in predicting surgical outcome by demonstrating cranial nerve compression as well excluding other etiologies such as tumor or vascular lesions. The patients were followed up for 1-7 years (mean 5.7 +/- 1.2 years). Initial pain relief was complete in 89 patients (85.6%) and partial in 12 patients (11.5%). There were three primary failures (2.9%). The acceptable pain relief rate (complete relief: 79.8%, partial relief: 11.5%) was determined in the long-term follow-up of surgical results. Pain recurred in 6 patients (5.8%). The mean time to recurrence was 48 months (36-93 months). There were no serious or annoying complications such as anesthesia dolorosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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126
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Kim BJ, Lee KH, Park BN, Kim SJ, Park EM, Park YG, Bai GH, Kim SJ, Kook YH. Detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputa by nested PCR-linked single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2610-7. [PMID: 11427578 PMCID: PMC88194 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.7.2610-2617.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Either PCR-mediated single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis or DNA sequencing of rpoB DNA (157 bp) can be used as a rapid screening method for the detection of mutations related to the rifampin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, due to the nonspecific amplification of rpoB DNA from nontuberculous mycobacteria these methods cannot be directly applied to clinical specimens such as sputa. We developed a nested PCR method that can specifically amplify the rpoB DNA of M. tuberculosis on the basis of rpoB DNA sequences of 44 mycobacteria. Nested PCR-linked SSCP analysis and the DNA sequencing method were applied directly in order to detect M. tuberculosis and determine its rifampin susceptibility in 56 sputa. The results obtained by nested PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing were concordant with those of conventional drug susceptibility testing and DNA sequencing performed with culture isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Cheju National University College of Medicine, Cheju 690-756, Korea
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127
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Chung SS, Chang JW, Kim SH, Chang JH, Park YG, Kim DI. Microvascular decompression of the facial nerve for the treatment of hemifacial spasm: preoperative magnetic resonance imaging related to clinical outcomes. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2001; 142:901-6; discussion 907. [PMID: 11086829 DOI: 10.1007/s007010070076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the role of preoperative three dimensional short-range magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) in predicting the clinical outcomes following microvascular decompression for the treatment of hemifacial spasm. METHOD Preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on all patients with hemifacial spasm (564 cases) between January 1992 and September 1998. Of the 564 patients, 440 patients were included in this retrospective study. The presence of vascular contact, offenders, and anomalies in the vertebro-basilar system, were determined by 3D-TOF MRA prior to microvascular decompression of the facial nerve. The preoperative findings were compared with the surgical findings and clinical outcomes. Findings. A correlation was found between the clinical outcome (p < 0.01) and the presence of a vascular indentation at the root entry zone (REZ) of the facial nerve. A shift of the vertebrobasilar system to the symptomatic side was found in 214 (48.6%) patients with hemifacial spasm, compared to only 10 (13.5%) patients in the control group (p < 0.01). The unilateral vertebral artery was observed in 43 (9.8%) patients with hemifacial spasm and in 8 (10.8%) of the control patients. A hypoplasia of the artery was found in 8 (1.8%) patients with hemifacial spasm and in 1 (1.4%) control patient. The compressing offenders in the patients, discovered by MRI in conjunction with MRA, were as follows: 45.9% (202 patients) in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), 34.8% (153 patients) in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), 12.5% (55 patients) in the vertebral artery (VA) and 6.8% (30 patients) in multiple vessels. In contrast to the compressing offenders seen on the MRA, the offenders confirmed during surgery were as follows: 43% (189 patients) in the AICA, 36.4% (160 patients) in the PICA, 1.4% (6 patients) in the VA, 19% (84 patients) in multiple vessels, and 0.2% (1 patient) in the vein. In our long-term follow-up series of the 440 patients with hemifacial spasm, an excellent surgical outcome was obtained in 86.3% of cases and a good outcome was achieved in 6.4% (mean follow-up duration, 45.5 months). INTERPRETATION Preoperative 3D-TOF MRA can identify the relationship between the facial nerve and adjacent vessels in patients with a hemifacial spasm and assist in preoperative planning. This study suggests that 3D-TOF MRA is useful for selecting appropriate patients for surgical treatment and, to some extent, as an additional role for predicting the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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128
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Abstract
OBJECTS The goal of this study was to investigate the differences between clinical findings in youth and in adulthood on microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve for the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 855 patients who underwent MVD from January 1985 to July 1999. In our series of 33 young HFS patients, all patients had definite offending vessels. Interestingly, pathologic tortuous vertebral artery as a possible etiology was more rarely observed in young HFS patients (1/33 patients, 3.0%) than in adult patients (61/822 patients, 7.4%) (P < 0.05). We did not observe any atomical variations of the vessels or any arachnoidal thickening around the root entry zone and cerebellopontine cistern in youths. Furthermore, young HFS patients did not necessarily have poorer surgical outcomes than adult HFS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the cause and progress of HFS are the same in youth as in adulthood, even though the pathogenesis of early onset remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, Korea
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129
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Park YG, Hayasaka S, Takagishi Y, Inouye M, Okumoto M, Oda S. Histological characteristics of the pelage skin of rough fur mice (C3H/HeJ- ruf/ruf). Exp Anim 2001; 50:179-82. [PMID: 11381623 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.50.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelage skin of C3H/HeJ mice homozygous at an autosomal recessive mutant locus, rough fur (ruf) which is located on chromosome 9, was histologically analyzed. Sebaceous glands synthesizing lipids were larger in the mutant mice than in controls in an examination by Sudan IV staining. Electron microscopic analysis of the sebaceous gland showed that lipid droplets were denser in mutant mice than in control mice, and that they were irregular in shape in ruf mice while those of controls were round. Our results suggested that rough fur (ruf) mice might be an animal model for hyperlipogenesis of the pelage skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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130
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Park WS, Oh RR, Park JY, Kim PJ, Shin MS, Lee JH, Kim HS, Lee SH, Kim SY, Park YG, An WG, Kim HS, Jang JJ, Yoo NJ, Lee JY. Nuclear localization of beta-catenin is an important prognostic factor in hepatoblastoma. J Pathol 2001; 193:483-90. [PMID: 11276007 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::aid-path804>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mutational and immunohistochemical analyses of beta-catenin were performed in 30 hepatoblastomas, to assess the prevalence of alterations of the Wnt pathway with respect to clinicopathological parameters and survival. Four missense mutations of beta-catenin (13.3%) were detected and there was strong immunoreactivity for beta-catenin in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus in 97% of hepatoblastomas. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was demonstrated in 19 of 30 tumours (63%), while ten revealed only cytoplasmic staining. Statistically, this nuclear beta-catenin staining was significantly higher in the embryonal (Fisher exact test; p=0.00393) or undifferentiated type (p=0.00156) of hepatoblastoma than in the fetal type, but there was no difference between clinical stages I and II and clinical stages III and IV (p=0.175). Cumulative survival curves showed that nuclear beta-catenin staining (generalized Wilcoxon test; p=0.0088), undifferentiated histological type (p=0.0305), and clinical stages III and IV (p=0.0107) were significantly correlated with shorter survival time in these patients. Moreover, Cox multivariate analysis provides evidence that nuclear beta-catenin staining is the most important prognostic factor for survival (p=0.0090). It is therefore concluded that immunohistochemical analysis of beta-catenin might be a useful clinical tool for estimating the prognosis for patients with hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Park
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Sacho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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131
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Park YG, Park S, Lim SO, Lee MS, Ryu CK, Kim I, Cho-Chung YS. Reduction in cyclin D1/Cdk4/retinoblastoma protein signaling by CRE-decoy oligonucleotide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:1213-9. [PMID: 11243864 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the activation of p53 signaling may contribute to tumor growth inhibition by the CRE-decoy oligonucleotide containing CRE sequence (5'-TGACGTCA-3') (Lee et al., Biochemistry 39, 4863-4868, 2000). However, growth inhibition by CRE-decoy treatment was also observed in tumor cells containing a mutant p53 (Park et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1573-1580, 1999). To understand additional mechanisms of the decoy oligonucleotide, we investigated the effect on cyclin D1 expression and a cyclin D1/Cdk4/retinoblastoma protein (pRB) signaling pathway. Here we show that in MCF7 breast cancer cells the CRE-decoy competed with cyclin D1-CRE (5'-TAACGTCA-3') for binding transcription factors and reduced cyclin D1 gene expression (in reporter gene assay, Northern blotting and Western blotting) to modulate cyclin D1/Cdk4/pRB signaling and G1-S progression in a steady state and/or under estrogen stimulation. Decrease of cyclin D1 protein level by CRE-decoy treatment was also observed in p53-mutated cancer cells. Cyclin D1 expression was also diminished in MCF7 cells stably expressing dominant negative mutant CREB indicating that the nonspecific effect of oligonucleotide or its degradation products could be excluded. These data suggest that inhibition of cyclin D1 expression contributes to the growth inhibition induced by the decoy oligonucleotide in MCF7 cells through a cyclin D1/Cdk4/pRB signaling pathway. Downregulation of cyclin D1 expression also provides a mechanism of CRE-decoy-induced growth inhibition in tumor cells having p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-701, Korea.
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132
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Abstract
A 64-year-old woman with a fibrous membrane at the lens plane after traumatic loss of all the iris and massive intraocular hemorrhage had posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation anterior to the fibrous membrane with a triangular transchamber suture to prevent possible PCIOL-corneal touch and enhance the stability of the PCIOL. After 3 years, the PCIOL remained in a good position and visual rehabilitation was satisfactory and without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kwangju, South Korea.
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133
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Abstract
OBJECT The authors sought to evaluate the effects of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) on cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and the factors associated with complete occlusion. METHODS A total of 301 radiosurgical procedures for 277 cerebral AVMs were performed between December 1988 and December 1999. Two hundred seventy-eight lesions in 254 patients who were treated with GKS from May 1992 to December 1999 were analyzed. Several clinical and radiological parameters were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The total obliteration rate for the cases with an adequate radiological follow up of more than 2 years was 78.9%. In multivariate analysis, maximum diameter, angiographically delineated shape of the AVM nidus, and the number of draining veins significantly influenced the result of radiosurgery. In addition, margin radiation dose, Spetzler-Martin grade, and the flow pattern of the AVM nidus also had some influence on the outcome. In addition to the size, topography, and radiosurgical parameters of AVMs, it would seem to be necessary to consider the angioarchitectural and hemodynamic aspects to select proper candidates for radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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134
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the treatment of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens (PC-IOL), we retrospectively examined and analyzed the hospital records of patients who had undergone PPV to exchange or reposition a PC-IOL dislocated into the vitreous cavity. Of 20 eyes in 20 patients, IOL exchange was performed in 6 eyes, and IOL repositioning in 14 eyes. Posteriorly dislocated IOL occurred in 14 eyes during or within 2 days, and in 6 eyes 6 months after the IOL implantation. Thirteen eyes were surgically treated early after the occurrence, within 3 days, while 7 eyes were treated later, between 5 to 7 days. Compared with preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, the final visual acuity improved more than 2 lines in 12 eyes. With no significant difference on the statistics, earlier visual rehabilitation seemed to be shown in late-treated patients than in early-treated. Accordingly, a posterior dislocation of IOL can be successfully treated with PPV, and barring any serious complications such as retinal detachment, there is no need for surgery immediately following the occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Tong-ku, Kwangju 501-757, Korea
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135
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Sajiki T, Iwata H, Paek HJ, Tosha T, Fujita S, Ueda Y, Park YG, Zhu B, Satoh S, Ikai I, Yamaoka Y, Ikada Y. Transmission electron microscopic study of hepatocytes in bioartificial liver. Tissue Eng 2000; 6:627-40. [PMID: 11103084 DOI: 10.1089/10763270050199578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A bioartificial liver (BAL) was prepared by simple inoculation of hepatocytes into the inner space of hollow fibers of a hemodialyzer and it was maintained in a closed circuit for in vitro culture. Morphology of hepatocytes in the hollow fibers was studied in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hepatocytes formed three-dimensional, rod-shaped aggregates of 200 microm in diameter throughout the whole dimension of the hollow fibers after 1 day of culture. Approximately five hepatocyte layers existed from the surface to the center of the aggregate. The hepatocytes in the aggregate displayed mostly polygonal shapes and were surrounded by five to six cells. Abundant bile canaliculi were formed between the hepatocytes and were sealed by tight junctions. The distance between the adjacent hepatocytes except the bile canaliculus domain was approximately 20 nm, and interdigitation was observed between some hepatocytes. These observations indicate that the hepatocytes formed functionally associated aggregates, that is, organoids. Although the cells facing the inner surface of the hollow fiber lost their polygonal shape and became flattened during the following several-day culture, no drastic change was observed in the morphology of the hepatocytes located inside the aggregate. After 14 days of culture, the number of living cells decreased and most of these had a deformed nucleus, few numbers of organelles, and intermittent lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sajiki
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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136
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Tuncay OC, Miethke RR, Takada K, Jones ML, Turpin DL, Miotti FA, Lee B, Park YG, Isaacson RJ, White LW. A précis of the Proceedings of the First International Orthodontic Editors' Symposium, 28 April 2000. J Orthod 2000; 27:335-6. [PMID: 11099574 DOI: 10.1093/ortho/27.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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137
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Tuncay OC, Miethke RR, Takada K, Jones ML, Turpin DL, Miotti FA, Lee B, Park YG, Isaacson RJ, White LW. A precis of the proceedings of the first international orthodontic editor's symposium. Angle Orthod 2000; 70:409-10. [PMID: 11037002 DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2000)070<0409:apcotp>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
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138
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Lee BH, Park SH, Won R, Park YG, Sohn JH. Antiallodynic effects produced by stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2000; 291:29-32. [PMID: 10962146 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that there is opioid resistance in neuropathic pain. This indicates that the endogenous opioid system may not be involved effectively in modulating neuropathic pain. The present study sought to determine if activation of the descending pain inhibition system might produce analgesia in the animal neuropathic model we developed. Under ketamine anesthesia, male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically implanted with stimulating electrodes in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and both the tibial and sural nerves of the sciatic nerve branches were severed. Pain sensitivity was measured with a von Frey filament and acetone applied to the sensitive area for 1 week postoperatively. Rats with neuropathic pain syndrome after transection of the tibial and sural nerves were tested as to the analgesic effects of ventral PAG stimulation for an additional two weeks. Electrical stimulation of the ventral PAG turned out to be highly effective in alleviating neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia were reduced by PAG stimulation. Naloxone reversed the antiallodynic effects of ventral PAG stimulation. These results suggest that activation of the descending pain inhibition system including the ventral PAG reduces neuropathic pain syndrome and that opiates are involved in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, CPO Box 8044, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea
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139
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Nesterova M, Noguchi K, Park YG, Lee YN, Cho-Chung YS. Compensatory stabilization of RIIbeta protein, cell cycle deregulation, and growth arrest in colon and prostate carcinoma cells by antisense-directed down-regulation of protein kinase A RIalpha protein. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:3434-41. [PMID: 10999726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) exists in two isoforms, PKA-I (type I) and PKA-II (type II), that contain an identical catalytic (C) subunit but distinct regulatory (R) subunits, RI and RII, respectively. Increased expression of RIalpha/PKA-I has been shown in human cancer cell lines, in primary tumors, in cells after transformation, and in cells upon stimulation of growth. We have shown previously that a single-injection RI, antisense treatment results in a reduction in RIalpha and PKA-I expression and sustained inhibition of human colon carcinoma growth in athymic mice (M. Nesterova and Y. S. Cho-Chung, Nat. Med., 1: 528-533, 1995). Growth inhibition accompanied reduction in RIalpha/PKA-I expression and compensatory increases in RIIbeta protein and PKA-IIbeta, the RIIbeta-containing holoenzyme. Here, we report that these in vivo findings are consistent with observations made in cancer cells in culture. We demonstrate that the antisense depletion of RIalpha in cancer cells results in increased RIIbeta protein without increasing the rate of RIIbeta synthesis or RIIbeta mRNA levels. Pulse-chase experiments revealed a 3-6-fold increase in the half-life of RIIbeta protein in antisense-treated colon and prostate carcinoma cells with little or no change in the half-lives of RIalpha, RIIalpha, and Calpha proteins. Compensation by RIIbeta stabilization may represent a novel biochemical adaptation mechanism of the cell in response to sequence-specific loss of RIalpha expression, which leads to sustained down-regulation of PKA-I activity and inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nesterova
- Cellular Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892- 1750, USA
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140
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Huh SK, Lee KC, Lee KS, Kim DI, Park YG, Chung SS. Selection of treatment modalities for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective analysis of 348 consecutive cases. J Clin Neurosci 2000; 7:429-33. [PMID: 10942665 DOI: 10.1054/jocn.1999.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to establish the selection criteria for the optimal management modalities for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. We analysed the complications and late outcomes in 348 consecutive cases (132 microsurgical resections, 202 stereotactic radiosurgeries, 8 embolisations only, 6 combined treatments) managed at Yonsei University Hospital from 1988 to 1997. Files for all patients were analysed. The outcome was classified into good for the patients who returned to their previous job with or without neurological deficits, fair for the patients who were unable to return to work but performed daily activities independently with minor deficits, and poor for the patients who were performing dependent daily activities with major deficits. The outcome of microsurgery was considered good in 108 patients (81.8%), fair in 18 (13.6%), poor in 4 (3.1%), and 2 (1.5%) patients died. Initial insults and haemodynamic complications were the major cause of an unfavourable outcome. The cumulative occlusion rate of the nidus after radiosurgery was 10.2% within 12 months, 75.3% within 24 months, and 89.8% within 36 months. Perilesional imaging changes with neurological deficits (4 permanent and 6 transient, 4.8%) and haemorrhage (16 patients, 7.7%) during the latent interval were the major cause of an unfavourable outcome (1 poor, 4 dead after radiosurgery). Postradiosurgery bleeding occurred frequently within 6 months (6 patients), and between 13 and 24 months (8 patients). In conclusion, selection of treatment modality for cerebral AVMs depends on the preoperative evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio in each case. Microsurgical removal, which eliminates the risk of bleeding immediately, is preferred for lesions in non-eloquent areas. Radiosurgery is an effective treatment modality for small lesions in eloquent areas, but has a substantial risk of haemorrhage during the latency period. Results of this study suggest that microsurgical removal should be considered for lesions in eloquent areas with high haemorrhage risk, such as prior haemorrhage, medium to large size lesion, and single deep venous drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Huh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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141
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Cho-Chung YS, Park YG, Nesterova M, Lee YN, Cho YS. CRE-decoy oligonucleotide-inhibition of gene expression and tumor growth. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 212:29-34. [PMID: 11108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid molecules with high affinities for a target transcription factor can be introduced into cells as decoy cis-elements to bind these factors and alter gene expression. This review discusses a synthetic single-stranded palindromic oligonucleotide, which self-hybridizes to form a duplex/hairpin and competes with cAMP response element (CRE) enhancers for binding transcription factors. This oligonucleotide inhibits CRE- and Ap-1-directed gene transcription and promotes growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo in a broad spectrum of cancer cells, without adversely affecting normal cell growth. Evidence presented here suggests that the CRE-decoy oligonucleotide can provide a powerful new means of combating cancers, viral diseases, and other pathological conditions by regulating the expression of cAMP-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho-Chung
- Cellular Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1750, USA
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142
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Abstract
It has been suggested that leptospiral hemolysins are important in the virulence and pathogenesis of leptospirosis. We have isolated an Escherichia coli clone carrying the 7.8kb DNA insert from a genomic library of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai by plaque hybridization using a sequence derived from the sphingomyelinase C gene (sphA) of L. borgpetersenii. The clone showed a clear beta-hemolytic zone on sheep blood agar and high hemolytic activities on both human and sheep erythrocytes in liquid assays. The clone carried at least two genes responsible for the hemolytic activities, encoded by two open reading frames of 1662 and 816 nucleotides, which are named sphH and hap-1 (hemolysis associated protein-1), respectively. The SphH showed 75% homology to the SphA at the amino acid level, and the Hap-1 showed no significant homology in major databases. Interestingly, however, E. coli cells harboring sphH did not show sphingomyelinase or phospholipase activities. Moreover, SphH-mediated hemolysis was osmotically protected by polyethylene glycol 5000, suggesting that the hemolysis is likely to be caused by pore formation on the membrane. The SphH was successfully expressed in E. coli as a histidine (His)-SphH fusion protein. Both sphH and hap-1 were highly conserved among the Leptospira species, except for the absence of sphH in non-pathogenic L. biflexa serovar patoc. We concluded that the SphH is a novel hemolysin of a pathogenic Leptospira species, which may be a putative pore-forming protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, 136-705, Seoul, South Korea
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143
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Abstract
Cortical resective surgery (including amygdalohippocampectomy) and corpus callosotomy are the most widely accepted modes of surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy. Between July 1989 and May 1996, 146 surgeries for epilepsy were done at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University. Resective surgery was performed in 126 patients and corpus callosotomy in 20 patients. Of the 126 patients who underwent resective surgery, surgery for the removal of the epileptic lesion (lesionectomy) was performed in 21 patients (16.7%) while 105 patients (83.3%) underwent surgery without a structural lesion. Current surgical therapy for intractable epilepsy requires the precise localization of a resectable zone of epileptogenesis. Unfortunately, finding a localized focus in an extratemporal region is far more difficult than in the temporal lobe. Surgeries for extratemporal lobe epilepsy without lesions have been less successful than surgeries for temporal lobe epilepsy. Although surgery for intractable epilepsy has been increasingly successful, we still need to refine our techniques to further improve the success rate and to reduce complications of surgery such as language and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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144
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Abstract
The inhibitory effects of the traditional herbal medicine Jindangwon (JDW) on streptozotocin (ST)-induced diabetic mellitus were studied using the ST-treated diabetic model. Glucokinase activity of pancreatic islets was severely impaired by ST treatment. However, when ST-treated islets were treated with 1 mg/ml of JDW, the enzyme activities of glucokinase and hexokinase were protected, glucose-6-phosphatase was not. When the effects of JDW on ST-induced ATP/ADP ratio of islets were assayed, JDW was effective in restoring of ATP/ADP ratio. In addition, ST decreased the enzyme activities of PDH, while JDW had a protective effect on the enzyme. ST-induced cGMP accumulation was significantly inhibited by JDW treatment. Furthermore, ST-induced nitrite formation was significantly inhibited by JDW treatment. JDW also showed the suppressed nitrite production in ST-treated pancreatic islet cells. When the islets (200/condition) were treated with ST (5 mM for 30 min), and then JDW was added to the ST-treated cells, 1.0 mg/ml of JDW showed the activated and recovered aconitase activity in pancreatic islet cells. When the effect of ST on the gene expression of pancreatic GLUT2 and glucokinase were examined, the level of GLUT2 and glucokinase mRNA in pancreatic islets was significantly decreased. However, JDW protected and improved the expression of protein and genes, indicating that JDW is effective on ST-induced inhibition of gene expression of GLUT2, glucokinase and proinsulin in islets. These results suggested that JDW is effective in this model to treat ST-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Kyung-Ju City, Korea
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145
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury frequently leads to neuropathic pain like hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, mechanical allodynia, thermal allodynia. It is uncertain where the neuropathic pain originates and how it is transmitted to the central nervous system. This study was performed in order to determine which peripheral component may lead to the symptoms of neuropathic pain. Under halothane anesthesia, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to neuropathic surgery by tightly ligating and cutting the tibial and sural nerves and leaving the common peroneal nerve intact. Behavioral tests for mechanical allodynia, thermal allodynia, and spontaneous pain were performed for 2 weeks postoperatively. Subsequently, second operation was performed as follows: in experiment 1, the neuroma was removed; in experiment 2, the dorsal roots of the L4-L6 spinal segments were cut; in experiment 3, the dorsal roots of the L2-L6 spinal segments were cut. Behavioral tests were performed for 4 weeks after the second operation. Following the removal of the neuroma, neuropathic pain remained in experiment 1. After the cutting of the L4-L6 or L2-L6 dorsal roots, neuropathic pain was reduced in experiments 2 and 3. The most remarkable relief was seen after the cutting of the L2-L6 dorsal roots in experiment 3. According to the fact that the sciatic nerve is composed of the L4-L6 spinal nerves and the femoral nerve is composed of the L2-L4 spinal nerves, neuropathic pain is transmitted to the central nervous system via not only the injured nerves but also adjacent intact nerves. These results also suggest that the dorsal root ganglion is very important in the development of neuropathic pain syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Won
- Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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146
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Kim JW, Lee CG, Park YG, Kim KS, Kim IK, Sohn YW, Min HK, Lee JM, Namkoong SE. Combined analysis of germline polymorphisms of p53, GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1: relation to the incidence rate of cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10813720 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2082::aid-cncr14>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors established the genotype frequencies of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/MspI, CYP2E1/PstI, and CYP2E1/DraI), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1), and p53 (exon 4/AcclI and intron 3/16-base pair duplication) gene polymorphisms in cervical carcinoma patients and controls and evaluated the association between the specific genotype or genotype combinations of these polymorphisms and the risk of cervical carcinoma. METHODS In this case-control study, the genotypes of 181 human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 or HPV-18 positive cervical carcinoma patients and 1-to-1 age-matched controls were determined using a polymerase chain reaction-based technique. RESULTS Among these polymorphisms, the individuals carrying arginine/proline genotypes of p53 showed a 9.5-fold increase of cervical carcinoma risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-18.6) compared with those individuals carrying arginine/arginine genotypes. The frequency of overall GSTT1 null genotypes also was significantly higher in cervical carcinoma patients compared with that of GSTT1 positive genotypes (P = 0.003; odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9). The genotype combination of p53 and GST played a more important role in describing the relative risk of cervical carcinoma. The individuals carrying both the arginine/proline genotype of p53 and the null genotype of GSTT1 showed a 3.5-fold increase of cervical carcinoma risk (95% CI, 1.8-7.1) compared with those individuals carrying both the arginine/arginine genotype of p53 and the GSTT1 positive genotype. In the patients who were stratified into the two age groups, the null genotypes of GSTT1 (69.1% vs. 45.5%; P = 0.016) and GSTM1 (61.8% vs. 40.0%; P = 0.028) in cervical carcinoma were significantly overrepresented in the younger age subgroup (age 40 years or younger) compared with those of controls. Especially in this age group, the individuals carrying both null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 showed a 17.8-fold increase of cervical carcinoma risk (95% CI, 2.2-141.0) compared with the individuals carrying both positive genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggested that the arginine/proline genotype of p53, independently or in conjunction with the GSTT1 null genotype, could affect the genetic susceptibility for cervical carcinoma, and HPV positive women carrying both null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 have an increased risk of cervical carcinoma developing before age 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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147
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Sohn JH, Lee BH, Park SH, Ryu JW, Kim BO, Park YG. Microinjection of opiates into the periaqueductal gray matter attenuates neuropathic pain symptoms in rats. Neuroreport 2000; 11:1413-6. [PMID: 10841348 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200005150-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the ventral periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) produced analgesia in neuropathic pain in rats. Opioids were also shown to be involved in analgesic effects. This study sought to determine whether opiates microinjected into the ventral PAG produce analgesia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically implanted with a guide cannula in the PAG under pentobarbital anesthesia and both the tibial and sural nerves were completely cut. Pain sensitivity was postoperatively measured with a von Frey filament and acetone applied to the sensitive area for 1 week. Opioids such as [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and [D-Pen ,D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) were injected into the PAG. DAMGO, a mu-opioid agonist, and DPDPE, a delta-opioid agonist, were highly effective in reducing neuropathic pain. These effects were reversed by naloxone. These results suggest that the neurons in the ventral PAG are activated by opioids to produce analgesia and that specific opioid receptors are involved in the descending pain inhibition system from the PAG.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Cold Temperature
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/pharmacology
- Male
- Microinjections
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/physiopathology
- Periaqueductal Gray/chemistry
- Periaqueductal Gray/physiopathology
- Physical Stimulation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea
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148
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Kim JW, Lee CG, Park YG, Kim KS, Kim IK, Sohn YW, Min HK, Lee JM, Namkoong SE. Combined analysis of germline polymorphisms of p53, GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1: relation to the incidence rate of cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 88:2082-91. [PMID: 10813720 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2082::aid-cncr14>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors established the genotype frequencies of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/MspI, CYP2E1/PstI, and CYP2E1/DraI), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1), and p53 (exon 4/AcclI and intron 3/16-base pair duplication) gene polymorphisms in cervical carcinoma patients and controls and evaluated the association between the specific genotype or genotype combinations of these polymorphisms and the risk of cervical carcinoma. METHODS In this case-control study, the genotypes of 181 human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 or HPV-18 positive cervical carcinoma patients and 1-to-1 age-matched controls were determined using a polymerase chain reaction-based technique. RESULTS Among these polymorphisms, the individuals carrying arginine/proline genotypes of p53 showed a 9.5-fold increase of cervical carcinoma risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-18.6) compared with those individuals carrying arginine/arginine genotypes. The frequency of overall GSTT1 null genotypes also was significantly higher in cervical carcinoma patients compared with that of GSTT1 positive genotypes (P = 0.003; odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9). The genotype combination of p53 and GST played a more important role in describing the relative risk of cervical carcinoma. The individuals carrying both the arginine/proline genotype of p53 and the null genotype of GSTT1 showed a 3.5-fold increase of cervical carcinoma risk (95% CI, 1.8-7.1) compared with those individuals carrying both the arginine/arginine genotype of p53 and the GSTT1 positive genotype. In the patients who were stratified into the two age groups, the null genotypes of GSTT1 (69.1% vs. 45.5%; P = 0.016) and GSTM1 (61.8% vs. 40.0%; P = 0.028) in cervical carcinoma were significantly overrepresented in the younger age subgroup (age 40 years or younger) compared with those of controls. Especially in this age group, the individuals carrying both null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 showed a 17.8-fold increase of cervical carcinoma risk (95% CI, 2.2-141.0) compared with the individuals carrying both positive genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggested that the arginine/proline genotype of p53, independently or in conjunction with the GSTT1 null genotype, could affect the genetic susceptibility for cervical carcinoma, and HPV positive women carrying both null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 have an increased risk of cervical carcinoma developing before age 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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149
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Son SH, Choi SM, Lee YH, Choi KB, Yun SR, Kim JK, Park HJ, Kwon OW, Noh EW, Seon JH, Park YG. Large-scale growth and taxane production in cell cultures of Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew) using a novel bioreactor. Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:628-633. [PMID: 30754828 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of bioreactor was successfully developed for the production of taxol and its precursors by culturing cells of Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew) on a pilot-scale. Rapidly growing cell lines were selected from callus cultures derived from immature embryos of yew. The cells were inoculated in 20-l capacity bioreactors of different types to test the growth performance. The models of small-scale bioreactors incorporated in this study included a balloon-type bubble bioreactor (BTBB), a bubble-column bioreactor (BCB), a BCB with a split-plate internal loop, a BCB with a concentric draught-tube internal loop, a BCB with a fluidized bed bioreactor, and two different models of stirred tank reactors. Among the reactors, BTBB appeared to be the most efficient in promoting cell growth. The doubling time of cell growth in BTBB was 12 days with a 30% inoculation cell density. The optimum time for medium replacement or feeding was 12-15 days after inoculation as determined by monitoring both the levels of sugars and medium conductivity. When yew tree cells were grown in different sizes (100-500-l) of BTBBs, more than 70% cell viability was recorded at the time of harvest. The growth pattern of the cells in the pilot-scale BTBB appeared to be the same as that of cells in the 20-l bioreactors. Approximately 3 mg/l of taxol and 74 mg/l total taxanes were obtained after 27 days of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Son
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - S M Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - K B Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - S R Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - J K Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - H J Park
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - O W Kwon
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - E W Noh
- Division of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Administration, Omokdong, 44-3 beongi, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea e-mail: Fax: +82-331-290-1190, , , , , , KR
| | - J H Seon
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N1L4, , , , , , CA
| | - Y G Park
- Department of Foresty, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, Republic of Korea, , , , , , KR
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150
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Lee YN, Park YG, Choi YH, Cho YS, Cho-Chung YS. CRE-transcription factor decoy oligonucleotide inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: cross-talk with p53 signaling pathway. Biochemistry 2000; 39:4863-8. [PMID: 10769144 DOI: 10.1021/bi992272o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The CRE, 5'-TGACGTCA-3', has been described as the consensus sequence for the cis-element that directs cAMP-regulated gene expression. Many transcription factors bind to this element and regulate the expression of a wide variety of cellular and viral genes. We have shown that CRE-transcription factor decoy oligonucleotide restrains the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo [Park, Y. G., Nesterova, M., Agrawal, S., and Cho-Chung, Y. S. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1573-1580]. The growth inhibition was accompanied by changes in cell morphology and apoptosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of the growth inhibition by the CRE-decoy oligonucleotide, we investigated the p53 signaling pathway. Herein, we report that CRE-decoy oligonucleotide treatment results in an increase in the p53 protein level in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that express wild-type p53. The p21WAF1/Cip1 protein levels were also increased in the CRE-decoy oligonucleotide treated cells accompanying a reduction in Cdk2- and cyclin E-dependent kinase activity and pRb phosphorylation. Pulse-chase experiments reveal that the p53 upregulation was due to increased stability of the protein. The decoy oligonucleotide treatment also enhanced the p53 promotor-directed transcription in vivo along with the increase in p53-CBP (CREB-binding protein) complex formation. Thus, the stabilization and activation of p53 may have contributed to the growth inhibition induced by CRE-transcription factor decoy oligonucleotide in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This decoy oligonucleotide approach offers great promise as a tool for defining cellular regulatory processes and treating cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Lee
- Cellular Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, and Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1750, USA
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