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Yang JS, Kim JJ, Hwang D, Choo AY, Dang K, Maguire H, Kudchodkar S, Ramanathan MP, Weiner DB. Induction of potent Th1-type immune responses from a novel DNA vaccine for West Nile virus New York isolate (WNV-NY1999). J Infect Dis 2001; 184:809-16. [PMID: 11550123 DOI: 10.1086/323395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2001] [Revised: 06/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a vectorborne pathogen that induces brain inflammation and death. Recently, confirmed cases of infection and deaths have occurred in the United States Mid-Atlantic region. In this study, a DNA vaccine encoding the WNV capsid protein was constructed, and the in vivo immune responses generated were investigated in DNA vaccine-immunized mice. Antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were observed, including a potent induction of antigen-specific Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Strong induction of Th1-type immune responses included high levels of antigen-specific elaboration of the Th1-type cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 and beta-chemokines RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta. Dramatic infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages also was observed at the muscle injection site. These results support the potential utility of this method as a tool for developing immunization strategies for WNV and other emerging pathogens.
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Ren YL, Yang JS. [Study on chemical constituents of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2001; 36:746-9. [PMID: 12579973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To separate and identify the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge. METHODS Compounds wese separated with chromatography and their chemical strucrures were elucidated with UV, IR, EIMS, FABMS, ESIMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR HMQC and HMBC spectral methods. RESULTS Five compounds were isolated from the plant. They were identified as apigenin I, apigenin-7-O-beta-D-lutinoside II, acacetin-7-O-beta-D-lutinoside III, astragalin IV, hemislienoside V. CONCLUSION These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound V is a new one.
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Oh YK, Kim JP, Yoon H, Kim JM, Yang JS, Kim CK. Prolonged organ retention and safety of plasmid DNA administered in polyethylenimine complexes. Gene Ther 2001; 8:1587-92. [PMID: 11704820 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2000] [Accepted: 05/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been studied as an efficient nonviral gene transfer vector. Here, we report the biodistribution fates and safety of plasmid DNA intravenously administered in PEI complexes. Using pCMVbeta as a model gene, the biodistribution of plasmid DNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A deletion mutant of pCMVbeta was used as an internal standard. After intravenous administration of PEI/DNA complexes, the serum levels of DNA rapidly declined for up to 15 min. However, after this point, the serum levels of DNA diminished slowly. At 15 min after dose, PEI/DNA complexes showed 33-fold higher distribution of DNA in the lung than did naked DNA. At 24 h, all the organs tested showed much higher levels of plasmid DNA in PEI/DNA complexes, with distribution in the liver and lung being three orders of magnitude higher than naked DNA. The mRNA expression of DNA was observed in various organs of PEI/DNA-treated mice at 12 days after dose. Once a week dosing of PEI/DNA complexes over 3 consecutive weeks did not alter the histology of the organs. However, twice a week dosing over 3 weeks induced a sign of inflammation in the liver. These results indicate that PEI enhances the delivery and retention of plasmid DNA in the organs, especially the liver, but that safe delivery requires proper dosing intervals.
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Oh YK, Kim JP, Hwang TS, Ko JJ, Kim JM, Yang JS, Kim CK. Nasal absorption and biodistribution of plasmid DNA: an alternative route of DNA vaccine delivery. Vaccine 2001; 19:4519-25. [PMID: 11483279 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nasal administration is emerging as a new route of DNA vaccine delivery. We aimed to study the extent of absorption and biodistribution of intranasally administered plasmid DNA. After intranasal administration, the level of plasmid DNA in the serum peaked at 1.5 h. The ratio of the area under the concentration (AUC) after intranasal administration of DNA over the AUC after intravenous administration was 0.14. At 15 min post inoculation, the highest organ distribution was observed in the liver and the cervical lymph nodes showed the highest level among the lymph nodes. At 24 h a higher localization of plasmids to the brain than to the lung and spleen was notable. A significant level of mRNA expression was observed in the lymph nodes. These results suggest that plasmid DNA can be substantially absorbed and distributed to the lymph nodes after intranasal administration, partly explaining the systemic immunogenicity of intranasally administered plasmid DNA vaccines.
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Xiao BG, Huang YM, Yang JS, Xu LY, Link H. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induce immune tolerance to EAE in Lewis rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 125:300-9. [PMID: 11529923 PMCID: PMC1906114 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that dendritic cells (DC), upon being pulsed in vitro with encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide 68-86 (MBP 68-86) and injected subcutaneously (s.c.) back to healthy Lewis rats, transfer immune tolerance to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization with MBP 68-86 and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). We here assumed that DC become pulsed in EAE rats, and that expansion in vitro of such 'in vivo pulsed EAE-DC' might also have the capacity to induce immune tolerance to EAE, thereby eliminating the need for in vitro pulsing of DC with autoantigens which are still unknown in many autoimmune diseases in the human. In the present study, EAE-DC were generated from bone marrow of Lewis rats, with EAE induced with MBP 68-86 + FCA, and expanded in vitro by culture with GM-CSF and IL-4. In comparison with DC from normal rats, EAE-DC exhibited higher viability in the absence of growth factors, and presented specific antigen to naïve T cells in vitro. The DC derived from both EAE and healthy rats stimulated strong proliferation in an antigen-independent manner, lasting for 4 weeks after DC were s.c. injected into healthy rats. During this time, injection of EAE-DC did not induce clinical EAE. However, when these rats were immunized with MBP 68-86 + FCA, subsequent EAE was dramatically suppressed, and was associated with increased IFN-gamma expression, nitric oxide production, gradually reduced proliferation and cell apoptosis, compared with PBS-injected control EAE rats. LPS-treated DC did not induce tolerance, suggesting that the tolerance is mediated by an immature stage of DC. These observations support the hypothesis that EAE-DC can transfer immune tolerance to EAE, thereby omitting the step of characterizing specific autoantigen. Omitting the step of loading DC with antigen not only eliminates the extremely complex procedure of defining pathogenically-relevant autoantigens, but also avoids the risk of inducing immunogenicity of DC in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Kim JJ, Yang JS, Nottingham LK, Tang W, Dang K, Manson KH, Wyand MS, Wilson DM, Weiner DB. Induction of immune responses and safety profiles in rhesus macaques immunized with a DNA vaccine expressing human prostate specific antigen. Oncogene 2001; 20:4497-506. [PMID: 11494145 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2001] [Revised: 04/09/2001] [Accepted: 04/12/2001] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used marker for prostate cancer, which is secreted by normal prostate cells at low levels, but is produced more substantially by cancer cells. We have previously reported on the use of a DNA vaccine construct that encodes for human PSA gene to elicit host immune responses against cells producing PSA. DNA immunization strategy delivers DNA constructs encoding for a specific immunogen into the host, who becomes the in vivo protein source for the production of antigen. This antigen then is the focus of the resulting immune response. In this study, we examine the induction of immune responses and safety profiles in rhesus macaques immunized with DNA-based PSA vaccine. We observed induction of PSA-specific humoral response as well as positive PSA-specific lymphoproliferative (LPA) response in the vaccinated macaques. We also observed that the stimulated T cells from the PSA-immunized rhesus macaques produced higher levels of Th1 type cytokine IFN-gamma than the control vector immunized animals. On the other hand, DNA immunization did not result in any adverse effects in the immunized macaques, as indicated by complete blood counts, leukocyte differentials and hepatic and renal chemistries. The macaques appeared healthy, without any physical signs of toxicity throughout the observation period. In addition, we did not observe any adverse effect on the vaccination site. The apparent safety and immunogenecity of DNA immunization in this study suggest that further evaluation of this vaccination strategy is warranted.
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Kim JJ, Yang JS, Nottingham LK, Lee DJ, Lee M, Manson KH, Wyand MS, Boyer JD, Ugen KE, Weiner DB. Protection from immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus macaques by multicomponent DNA immunization. Virology 2001; 285:204-17. [PMID: 11437655 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent DNA vaccines were used to elicit immune responses, which can impact viral challenge in three separate rhesus macaque models. Eight rhesus macaques were immunized with DNA vaccines for HIV env/rev and SIV gag/pol and were challenged intravenously with 10 animal infective doses (AID(50)) of cell-free SHIV IIIB. Three of eight immunized rhesus macaques were protected, exhibiting no detectable virus. Animals protected from nonpathogenic SHIVIIIB challenge were rested for extended periods of time and were rechallenged first with pathogenic SIV(mac239) and subsequently with pathogenic SHIV89.6P viruses. Following the pathogenic challenges, all three vaccinated animals were negative for viral coculture and antigenemia and were negative by PCR. In contrast, the control animals exhibited antigenemia by 2 weeks postchallenge and exhibited greater than 10 logs of virus/10(6) cells in limiting dilution coculture. The control animals exhibited CD4 cell loss and developed SIV-related wasting with high viral burden and subsequently failed to thrive. Vaccinated animals remained virus-negative and were protected from the viral load, CD4 loss, disease, and death. We observed strong Th1-type cellular immune responses in the protected macaques throughout the study, suggesting their important roles in protection. These studies support the finding that multicomponent DNA vaccines can directly impact viral replication and disease in a highly pathogenic challenge system, thus potentially broadening our strategies against HIV.
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Chen SB, Gao GY, Wang LW, Liao MC, Yang JS, Xiao PG. [Studies on the chemical constituents from Aquilegia ecalcarata Maxim]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2001; 26:472-4. [PMID: 12776359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from Aquilegia ecalcarata. METHOD Compounds were isolated with silica gel and polyamide chromatography and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. RESULT Five compounds were obtained and identified as beta-sitosterol, isoorientin-7-O-glucoside, isovitexin-4'-O-glucoside, isovitexin-2'-O-rhamnoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside. CONCLUSION All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Wang L, Hou BG, Hou XP, Yu ML, Yang JS. [Effects of different phospholipids on the stabilities of doxorubicin liposomes in vitro and in vivo]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2001; 36:444-7. [PMID: 12585130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine (HEPC) on the leakage of doxorubicin liposome in vitro and the resident time in blood. METHODS By the means of dialysis, the leakage of EPC (EPC-NL) and HEPC normal liposomes (HEPC-NL) in fetal cattle serum (FCS) was determined at 37 degrees C and in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of EPC and HEPC sterically stabilized liposomes (EPC-SSL and HEPC-SSL) were studied by HPLC. RESULTS The leakage of doxorubicin from HEPC-NL is slower than that of EPC-NL in FCS at 37 degrees C. But in PBS at all of three different temperatures, the results are completely reversed, i.e., the leakage of EPC-NL is slower than that of HEPC-NL. Further studies on pharmacokinetics showed that the mean residence time of HEPC-SSL in blood is 23.3 h, while that of EPC-SSL is 12.0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of concentration of HEPC-SSL is larger than that of EPC-SSL. CONCLUSION HEPC-SSL is a better carrier in delivering the drugs to the extravascular sites than EPC-SSL.
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60
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Ren YL, Yang JS. [Studies on chemical constituents from Chinese medicinal plant Hemistepta lyrata Bunge]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2001; 26:405-6. [PMID: 12528508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To separate and identify the chemical constituents of the whole plant. METHOD The compounds were extracted with solvents, isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic methods, such as IR, MS and 1H NMR. RESULT Five compounds were identified as hentriantane I, taraxasteryl acetate II, taraxasterol III, beta-sitosterol IV, and stigmasterol V. CONCLUSION The compounds III and V were obtained from the plant for the first time.
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Lewis FD, Kalgutkar RS, Yang JS. Highly regioselective anaerobic photocyclization of 3-styrylpyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3878-84. [PMID: 11457137 DOI: 10.1021/ja0042027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical behavior of the cis isomers of the three isomeric styrylpyridines and two (aminostyryl)pyridines has been investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Both 3-styrylpyridine and its 3'-amino derivative undergo highly regioselective formation of 2-azaphenanthrene products under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of oxygen, mixtures of 4- and 2-azaphenanthrene products are obtained. The formation of 2-azaphenanthrenes in the absence of oxygen is attributed to conversion of the 4a,4b-dihydroazaphenanthrene primary photoproduct to a 1,4-dihydropyridine intermediate by means of a formal 1,7-hydrogen shift. This intermediate is moderately stable in the absence of oxygen and has been characterized by comparison of its (1)H NMR and electronic absorption spectra with calculated spectra. This intermediate is converted to the 2-azaphenanthrene in both the absence and presence of oxygen. The regioselectivity of photocyclization of 3-substituted stilbenes and related diarylethylenes is suggested to depend on the relative rate constants for ring opening and sigmatropic rearrangements of the dihydrophenanthrene intermediates as well as their rates of reaction with oxygen or other oxidants.
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Xu LY, Yang JS, Link H, Xiao BG. SIN-1, a nitric oxide donor, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats in the incipient phase: the importance of the time window. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5810-6. [PMID: 11313425 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NO is involved in the regulation of immune responses. The role of NO in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is controversial. In this study, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), an NO donor, was administered to Lewis rats on days 5-7 postimmunization, i.e., during the incipient phase of EAE. SIN-1 reduced clinical signs of EAE compared with those in PBS-treated control rats and was accompanied by reduced ED1(+) macrophages and CD4(+) T cell infiltration within the CNS. Blood mononuclear cells (MNC) obtained on day 14 postimmunization revealed that SIN-1 administration enhanced NO and IFN-gamma production by blood MNC and suppressed Ag- and mitogen-induced proliferative responses. MHC class II, B7-1 and B7-2 were down-regulated in SIN-1-treated EAE rats. Simultaneously, frequencies of apoptotic cells among blood MNC were increased. In vivo, SIN-1 is likely to behave as an NO donor. Administration of SIN-1 induced NO production, but did not affect superoxide and peroxynitrite formation. Enhanced NO production during the priming phase of EAE thus promotes apoptosis, down-regulates disease-promoting immune reactivities, and ameliorates clinical EAE, mainly through SIN-1-derived NO, without depending on NO synthase.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Guinea Pigs
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukocyte Count
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molsidomine/administration & dosage
- Molsidomine/analogs & derivatives
- Molsidomine/therapeutic use
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Donors/administration & dosage
- Nitric Oxide Donors/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Yang JS, Lin CS, Hwang CY. Cu2+-induced blue shift of the pyrene excimer emission: a new signal transduction mode of pyrene probes. Org Lett 2001; 3:889-92. [PMID: 11263908 DOI: 10.1021/ol015524y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pentiptycene-bispyrenyl system (1) has been synthesized and investigated as a fluorescent chemosensor for metal ions. A novel blue shift along with an intensity enhancement of the pyrene excimer emission is observed for 1 in the presence of Cu(2+). Such a new signal transduction mode of pyrene probes results from the formation of a static pyrene excimer that has very different characteristics from its dynamic counterpart.
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Kim JJ, Yang JS, Manson KH, Weiner DB. Modulation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses to DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques through the use of IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 gene adjuvants. Vaccine 2001; 19:2496-505. [PMID: 11257383 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive experiments have shown DNA vaccines' ability to elicit immune responses in vivo in a safe and well-tolerated manner in several model systems, including rodents and non-human primates. As the DNA-based vaccine and immunotherapy approaches are being explored in humans, significant efforts have also been focused on further improving the immune potency of this technology. One strategy to enhance immune responses for DNA vaccines is the use of molecular or genetic adjuvants. These molecular adjuvant constructs (which encodes for immunologically important molecules such as cytokines) can be co-administered along with DNA vaccine constructs. Once delivered, these adjuvants have shown to modulate the magnitude and direction (humoral or cellular) of the vaccine-induced immune responses in rodent models. To date, however, there has been very little data reported from studies in primates. In this study, we examined the effects of cytokine gene adjuvants to enhance the level of cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques. We co-immunized rhesus macaques with expression plasmids encoding for IL-2, IFN-gamma or IL-4 cytokines along with the DNA vaccine constructs encoding for HIV env/rev (pCEnv) and SIV gag/pol (pCSGag/pol) proteins. We observed that coadministration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cDNA resulted in enhancement of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses.
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Kim JJ, Yang JS, Dang K, Manson KH, Weiner DB. Engineering enhancement of immune responses to DNA-based vaccines in a prostate cancer model in rhesus macaques through the use of cytokine gene adjuvants. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:882s-889s. [PMID: 11300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA immunization is an important vaccination technique that is being explored as an immunotherapeutic strategy against a variety of infectious diseases as well as cancer. We have been investigating the utility of DNA-based vaccine strategy against prostate cancer. We have developed a DNA vaccine construct that encodes for the human prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene. PSA expression is limited to prostate cells, and the level of PSA expression is substantially increased in prostate cancer cells. This tissue specificity makes PSA a potential target for the development of immunotherapies against prostate cancer. A DNA-based PSA vaccine was used to elicit PSA-specific host immune responses in rodent and nonhuman primate models. In an effort to enhance the clinical utility of the DNA-based PSA vaccine, we also examined the use of cytokine gene adjuvants to modulate vaccine-induced immune responses in these animal models. We observed that pCPSA vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses can be modulated through the coimmunization with cytokine genes in mice, and these enhancement effects on the PSA-specific cellular responses were extended in macaques. More specifically, coimmunization with interleukin (IL)-2 cDNA construct resulted in a significant enhancement of PSA-specific antibody responses in both mice and macaque models. In contrast, coinjection of IL-12 resulted in reduction of antibody responses in both models. In mice, the groups coimmunized with IL-2, IL-12, or IL-18 showed a dramatic increase in T helper cell proliferation over the results with pCPSA alone. These results support that further evaluation of this vaccination strategy to treat prostate cancer is warranted.
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Lei HT, Song JJ, Qi JJ, Zhang YL, Yang JS, Guo ZG. [Genetic transformation of hairy roots in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. by Ti and Ri plasmids]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2001; 26:162-5. [PMID: 12525033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a hairy root culture system by double transformation for Trichosanthes kirilowii. METHOD 1. Crown galls were induced by direct infection of sterile seedlings of T. kirilonii with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, and then the hairy roots were obtained from the regenerated plants by infection with A. rhzogenes 15834; 2. Transformation of Ti and Ri plasmids was inspected by high-pressure-paper electrophoresis; 3. The protein contents in the tissues of T. kirilowii were inspected by spectrophotometer and SDS-PAGE. RESULT A hairy root culture system has been established successfully by double transformation with Ti and Ri plasmids in T. kirilowii. CONCLUSION Compared with the ordinary hairy roots, the double transformed hairy roots grow faster but retain similar protein contents.
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Chen SB, Gao GY, Leung HW, Yeung HW, Yang JS, Xiao PG. Aquiledine and isoaquiledine, novel flavonoid alkaloids from Aquilegia ecalcarata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:85-87. [PMID: 11170673 DOI: 10.1021/np000256i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new flavonoid alkaloids, aquiledine (1) and isoaquiledine (2), were isolated from the whole herb of Aquilegia ecalcarata, and their structures were determined by detailed spectral analysis. Three known flavonoids were also isolated from this extract-apigenin, apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether, and luteolin-and have not been reported previously from A. ecalcarata.
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Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that apoptosis is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, by using single and double immunohistochemical staining assays, Fas, Fas-L, p53, and Bcl-2 were measured simultaneously in RA and osteoarthritic (OA) and post-traumatic (PT) synovial tissues (ST) in order to understand the distribution of these apoptosis-related proteins. The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method was performed to detect apoptotic cells. There was a significant increase of Fas, Fas-L, and p53 in RA ST, compared with OA or PT, but no significant difference of Bcl-2 expression was detected between patient groups. In RA ST, expression of Fas and p53 was detected in sub-lining layers and the majority of Fas- and p53-expressing cells were fibroblast-like synoviocytes. A positive correlation between Fas and p53 was demonstrated in RA ST. In RA ST, one-third of Fas-positive and 80% of p53-positive cells were also TUNEL-positive. These results indicate that apoptosis in RA is strongly associated with the expression of Fas and p53, but not Bcl-2.
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Wang FP, Yang JS, Chen QH, Yu L, Li BG. New access to 7,17-seco norditerpenoid alkaloids via reduction of the corresponding 8-chloro derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2000; 48:1912-6. [PMID: 11145143 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.48.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New access to the 7, 17-seco norditerpenoid alkaloids 9 (60%) from yunnaconitine (5), as well as 14 (46%) and 15 (22%) from isotalatizidine (10), via selective hydrolysis, chlorination and reduction with NaBH4 is described.
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Huang YM, Yang JS, Xu LY, Link H, Xiao BG. Autoantigen-pulsed dendritic cells induce tolerance to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:437-44. [PMID: 11122252 PMCID: PMC1905816 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) can modulate the nature of immune responses in a stimulatory or tolerogenic fashion. Great attention has been given to the induction of immunity to tumour and infection. In this study, bone marrow-derived DC from healthy Lewis rats were pulsed in vitro with encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide 68-86 (MBP 68-86), and injected subcutaneously (1 x 106/rat) into normal Lewis rats. Upon observation of the rats pretreated in this way for 4 weeks, when no clinical signs of EAE occurred, these rats were immunized with MBP 68-86 and Freund's complete adjuvant. The pretreated rats failed to develop clinical EAE. This tolerance was associated with augmented proliferative responses, interferon-gamma secretion, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production. The frequency of apoptotic cells was increased in the rats receiving MBP 68-86-pulsed DC compared with unpulsed control DC. Few infiltrating inflammatory cells were observed in spinal cord sections from rats that had received MBP 68-86-pulsed DC. The data are compatible with the interpretation that MBP 68-86-pulsed DC induce tolerance to EAE possibly through up-regulation of iNOS expression and NO production, which mediate cell apoptosis, thereby reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells within the central nervous system.
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Yang JS, Chang M, Li JC. [Repairing of inguinal scar contracture deformity in children with transpositional fasciocutaneous flap]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2000; 14:361-2. [PMID: 12516440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the repairing method of inguinal scar contracture deformity in children with transpositional fasciocutaneous flap of anterior-medial side of thigh. METHODS From August 1989 to August 1999, 33 cases with inguinal scar contracture deformity were adopted in this study. Among them, there were 26 males and 7 females, aged from 3 to 11 years old. The transpositional fasciocutaneous flap consisted of a huge tongue-shape flap with a pedicled triangular flap between the edge of skin defect and the above tongue-shape flap. The maximal size of the transpositional fasciocutaneous flap was 18 cm x 10 cm and the minimal size was 13 cm x 8 cm, the transpositional angle was 60 degrees to 80 degrees. During operation, the tongue-shape flap was used to repair the inguinal region and the triangular flap was used to repair the donor site in one stage. RESULTS All the flaps survived. The function and appearance of perineum were satisfactory. CONCLUSION The transpositional fasciocutaneous flap is suitable for repairing the inguinal scar contracture deformity in children, and skin graft is unnecessary.
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Yang JS, Xu LY, Huang YM, Van Der Meide PH, Link H, Xiao BG. Adherent dendritic cells expressing high levels of interleukin-10 and low levels of interleukin-12 induce antigen-specific tolerance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunology 2000; 101:397-403. [PMID: 11106944 PMCID: PMC2327087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that tolerance can be induced against acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) that have been pulsed in vitro with encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide 68-86 (MBP 68-86), and injected subcutaneously into healthy rats prior to immunization with MBP 68-86 plus complete Freund's adjuvant. To elucidate better the properties of tolerogenic DC, we here compared plastic-adherent DC with floating, non-adherent DC, which were cultured for 7 days in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 (IL-4). Adherent DC expressed high levels of IL-10 mRNA and protein, and low levels of IL-12 mRNA and showed high expression of CD54 compared with floating DC. Proliferation, nitrite concentration and capacity for antigen presentation were lower in adherent DC than in floating DC. There were no differences between adherent and floating DC regarding expression of CD11c, OX62, major histocompatibility complex class II, CD80, or CD86. Most importantly, we observed that adherent DC induced tolerance to EAE in vivo when injected subcutaneously into Lewis rats prior to immunization, while floating DC did not. Adherent DC-mediated tolerance to EAE was associated with augmented proliferation, nitric oxide production and frequency of apoptotic cells as well as with up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) -expressing cells in T-cell areas of lymph nodes. Tolerance induction by adherent DC seems to be related to a nitric oxide-apoptosis pathway and to up-regulation of TGF-beta-expressing cells.
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Chattergoon MA, Kim JJ, Yang JS, Robinson TM, Lee DJ, Dentchev T, Wilson DM, Ayyavoo V, Weiner DB. Targeted antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells by engineered Fas-mediated apoptosis. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:974-9. [PMID: 10973219 DOI: 10.1038/79470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to tumors as well as to viral and bacterial pathogens is often mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Thus, the ability to induce a strong cell-mediated immune response is an important requirement of novel immunotherapies. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs), are specialized in initiating T-cell immunity. Harnessing this innate ability of these cells to acquire and present antigens, we sought to improve antigen presentation by targeting antigens directly to DCs in vivo through apoptosis. We engineered Fas-mediated apoptotic death of antigen-bearing cells in vivo by co-expressing the immunogen and Fas in the same cell. We then observed that the death of antigen-bearing cells results in increased antigen acquisition by APCs including DCs. This in vivo strategy led to enhanced antigen-specific CTLs, and the elaboration of T helper-1 (Th1) type cytokines and chemokines. This adjuvant approach has important implications for viral and nonviral delivery strategies for vaccines or gene therapies.
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Yang JS, Kim EA, Lee MY, Park IJ, Kang SK. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide--the effects of co-exposure to toluene or dermal exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000; 73:463-70. [PMID: 11057415 DOI: 10.1007/s004200000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to assess the exposure and intake dose of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and the correlation between them, according to the type of exposure for the workers in the DMF industry. METHODS We monitored 345 workers occupationally exposed to DMF, from 15 workshops in the synthetic fiber, fiber coating, synthetic leather and paint manufacturing industries. Ambient monitoring was carried out with personal samplers to monitor the external exposure. Biological monitoring was done to determine the internal dose by analyzing N-methylformamide (NMF) in end-shift urine. Work procedure and exposure type of each DMF workshop was carefully surveyed, to classify workers by exposure type according to work details. Workers were classified into three groups (Group A: continuous and direct exposure through inhalation and skin; Group B: intermittent and short-term exposure through inhalation and skin; Group C: continuous and indirect exposure mostly through inhalation). RESULTS Geometric mean of DMF concentration in air was 2.62 (GSD 5.30) ppm and that of NMF in urine was 14.50 (GSD 3.89) mg/l. In the case of continuous absorption through inhalation and dermal exposure (Group A), the value of NMF in urine corresponding to 10 ppm of DMF was 45.3 mg/l (r = 0.524, n = 178), 39.1 mg/g creatinine (r = 0.424), while it was 37.7 mg/l (r = 0.788, n = 37), 24.2 mg/g creatinine (r = 0.743) in the case of absorption mostly through inhalation (Group C). Creatinine correction reduced the correlation between two parameters. CONCLUSION The NMF in urine corresponding to 10 ppm DMF, of the dermal and inhalation exposure group was 39.1 mg/g creatinine (r = 0.424, n = 178), while that of the inhalation exposure-only group was 24.2 mg/g creatinine (r = 0.743, n = 37). Co-exposure with toluene reduced the NMF excretion in urine.
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Xu LY, Yang JS, Huang YM, Levi M, Link H, Xiao BG. Combined nasal administration of encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide 68-86 and IL-10 suppressed incipient experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. Clin Immunol 2000; 96:205-11. [PMID: 10964538 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal administration of low doses of myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide 68-86 (MBP 68-86) or anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 effectively prevented experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), but failed to suppress the disease if given after 7 days postimmunization (p.i.), i.e., after T cell priming had occurred. We anticipated that combined administration of autoantigen and IL-10 can treat incipient EAE. Lewis rats with EAE actively induced with MBP 68-86 and complete Freund's adjuvant received 120 microg MBP 68-86 + 200 ng IL-10 per rat per day from day 7 p.i. and for 5 consecutive days. These rats showed later onset, lower clinical scores, less body weight loss, and shorter duration of EAE than rats receiving MBP 68-86 or IL-10 only or PBS. EAE amelioration was associated with decreased infiltration of ED1(+) macrophages and CD4(+) T cells within the central nervous system and with decreased proliferative responses of lymph node cells, indicating that combined administration of MBP 68-86 and IL-10 induced immune hyporesponsiveness. IFN-gamma secretion as well as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA expression by lymph node MNC was down-regulated in the treated rats. Immune hyporesponsiveness, rather than immune deviation or regulatory mechanisms, seems to be responsible for the protection of EAE after autoantigen + IL-10 administration by the nasal route.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antigens/pharmacology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-10/therapeutic use
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Monocytes/chemistry
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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