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Sailer A, Wallner A, Haidegger M, Dünser M. [Pestiviruses in sheep and goats in Austria: Options for integration into the bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) monitoring program]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:783-791. [PMID: 38014544 DOI: doi.org/10.17236/sat00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After the successful eradication of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle in Austria, the risk of infections with the border disease virus (BDV) remains. Both viruses belong to the pestivirus genus. BDV infections lead to false-positive results in BVDV surveillance. This can be attributed to the contact to small ruminant populations. In particular, keeping cattle together with sheep or goats on a farm or alpine pasture are significant risk factors. Between 2015 and 2022, BDV type 3 was detected in 15 cattles in Austria. These animals were almost exclusively persistently infected calves. However, a positive antibody result for pestiviruses can lead to an extremely time-consuming and costly, and not always successful search for the source of the infection if no active virus excretor is found. This study documents how small ruminants can be integrated into pestivirus monitoring with a manageable amount of work and costs. 23 406 sheep and goat samples from two brucellosis surveillance programs in small ruminants were analyzed retrospectively. Blood samples were examined using pestivirus real-time pool RT-PCR (qPCR). Direct virus detection of BDV-3 was achieved in 40 sheep from five different federal states. Over the entire investigation period a further 37 detections of BDV-3 were found in cattle, sheep and goats outside of this study throughout Austria. This study accounts for 52 % of all border disease detections from 2015 to 2022. By including small ruminants in pestivirus monitoring, the disruptive factor BDV and the risk of its introduction into cattle herds can be significantly minimized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sailer
- Institut für Veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen Innsbruck
| | - A Wallner
- Institut für Veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen Innsbruck
| | - M Haidegger
- Institut für Veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen Innsbruck
| | - M Dünser
- Institut für Veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen Innsbruck
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152
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Kovalchuk SN, Arkhipova AL. Development of TaqMan PCR assay for genotyping SNP rs211250281 of the bovine agpat6 gene. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3250-3255. [PMID: 35635030 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2077742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat percentage is an important production trait of dairy cattle and is one of the goals of breeding programs. Over 95% of the milk fat accounts for triacylglycerols. AGPAT6 (1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6) catalyzes an intermediary step of triglyceride synthesis in the mammary cells. Genome-wide association studies identified SNP rs211250281 (g27: 36520069 G/T) in the agpat6 gene associated with milk fat content and fat-to-protein ratio in dairy cattle. The article presents data on the development of TaqMan PCR assay for genotyping SNP rs211250281 of the bovine agpat6 gene. In this method, a primer pair, initiating amplification of 75-bp fragments of the agpat6 gene, and two allele-specific TaqMan probes are used. Identification of the G and T alleles is based on a comparison of the final fluorescence intensity of FAM and VIC dyes, respectively. The developed TaqMan PCR assay was validated by Sanger sequencing method. The results of both methods fully coincided, that confirmed high accuracy of the developed TaqMan PCR assay. This reliable, simple, rapid, and high-throughput method could be a suitable tool for studying the distribution of the SNP rs211250281 among different cattle breeds and its association with milk fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Kovalchuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Innovative Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry - the branch of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L Arkhipova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Innovative Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry - the branch of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Moscow, Russia
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153
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Woyda-Ploszczyca AM. Direct and indirect targets of carboxyatractyloside, including overlooked toxicity toward nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and mitochondrial H + leak. Pharm Biol 2023; 61:372-390. [PMID: 36799406 PMCID: PMC9946330 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The toxicity of atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside is generally well recognized and commonly ascribed to the inhibition of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers, which are pivotal for oxidative phosphorylation. However, these glycosides may 'paralyze' additional target proteins. OBJECTIVE This review presents many facts about atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside and their plant producers, such as Xanthium spp. (Asteraceae), named cockleburs. METHODS Published studies and other information were obtained from databases, such as 'CABI - Invasive Species Compendium', 'PubMed', and 'The World Checklist of Vascular Plants', from 1957 to December 2022. The following major keywords were used: 'carboxyatractyloside', 'cockleburs', 'hepatotoxicity', 'mitochondria', 'nephrotoxicity', and 'Xanthium'. RESULTS In the third decade of the twenty first century, public awareness of the severe toxicity of cockleburs is still limited. Such toxicity is often only perceived by specialists in Europe and other continents. Interestingly, cocklebur is among the most widely distributed invasive plants worldwide, and the recognition of new European stands of Xanthium spp. is provided here. The findings arising from field and laboratory research conducted by the author revealed that (i) some livestock populations may instinctively avoid eating cocklebur while grazing, (ii) carboxyatractyloside inhibits ADP/GDP metabolism, and (iii) the direct/indirect target proteins of carboxyatractyloside are ambiguous. CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the Xanthium genus still require substantial investigation/revision in the future, such as the unification of the Latin nomenclature of currently distinguished species, bur morphology status, true fruit (achene) description and biogeography of cockleburs, and a detailed description of the physiological roles of atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside and the toxicity of these glycosides, mainly toward mammals. Therefore, a more careful interpretation of atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside data, including laboratory tests using Xanthium-derived extracts and purified toxins, is needed.
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154
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Hu Z, Boschiero C, Li CJ, Connor EE, Baldwin RL, Liu GE. Unraveling the Genetic Basis of Feed Efficiency in Cattle through Integrated DNA Methylation and CattleGTEx Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2121. [PMID: 38136943 PMCID: PMC10742843 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed costs can amount to 75 percent of the total overhead cost of raising cows for milk production. Meanwhile, the livestock industry is considered a significant contributor to global climate change due to the production of greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane. Indeed, the genetic basis of feed efficiency (FE) is of great interest to the animal research community. Here, we explore the epigenetic basis of FE to provide base knowledge for the development of genomic tools to improve FE in cattle. The methylation level of 37,554 CpG sites was quantified using a mammalian methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40) for 48 Holstein cows with extreme residual feed intake (RFI). We identified 421 CpG sites related to 287 genes that were associated with RFI, several of which were previously associated with feeding or digestion issues. Activator of transcription and developmental regulation (AUTS2) is associated with digestive disorders in humans, while glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2) encodes a protein on the inner mitochondrial membrane, which can regulate glucose utilization and fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. The extensive expression and co-expression of these genes across diverse tissues indicate the complex regulation of FE in cattle. Our study provides insight into the epigenetic basis of RFI and gene targets to improve FE in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Hu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Clarissa Boschiero
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Cong-Jun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Erin E. Connor
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ransom L. Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - George E. Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Noble A, Paudyal B, Schwartz JC, Mwangi W, Munir D, Tchilian E, Hammond JA, Graham SP. Distinct effector functions mediated by Fc regions of bovine IgG subclasses and their interaction with Fc gamma receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286903. [PMID: 38077405 PMCID: PMC10702552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle possess three IgG subclasses. However, the key immune functions, including complement and NK cell activation, and enhancement of phagocytosis, are not fully described for bovine IgG1, 2 and 3. We produced chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) consisting of a defined variable region linked to the constant regions of bovine IgG1, 2 and 3, and expressed His-tagged soluble recombinant bovine Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) IA (CD64), IIA (CD32A), III (CD16) and Fcγ2R. Functional assays using bovinized mAbs were developed. IgG1 and IgG3, but not IgG2, activated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Only IgG1 could activate cattle NK cells to mobilize CD107a after antigen crosslinking, a surrogate assay for antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Both IgG1 and IgG2 could trigger monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose fluorescently labelled antigen-expressing target cells. IgG3 induced only weak antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). By contrast, monocytes only exhibited strong ADCP when triggered by IgG2. IgG1 bound most strongly to recombinant FcγRs IA, IIA and III, with weaker binding by IgG3 and none by IgG2, which bound exclusively to Fcγ2R. Immune complexes containing IgG1, 2 and 3 bound differentially to leukocyte subsets, with IgG2 binding strongly to neutrophils and monocytes and all subclasses binding platelets. Differential expression of the FcγRs on leukocyte subsets was demonstrated by surface staining and/or RT-qPCR of sorted cells, e.g., Fcγ2R mRNA was expressed in monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and platelets, potentially explaining their strong interactions with IgG2, and FcγRIII was expressed on NK cells, presumably mediating IgG1-dependent NK cell activation. These data reveal differences in bovine IgG subclass functionality, which do not correspond to those described in humans, mice or pigs, which is relevant to the study of these IgG subclasses in vaccine and therapeutic antibody development.
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156
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Sakurai T, Kusama K, Imakawa K. Progressive Exaptation of Endogenous Retroviruses in Placental Evolution in Cattle. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1680. [PMID: 38136553 PMCID: PMC10741562 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viviparity is made possible by the placenta, a structure acquired relatively recently in the evolutionary history of eutherian mammals. Compared to oviparity, it increases the survival rate of the fetus, owing to the eutherian placenta. Questions such as "How was the placenta acquired?" and "Why is there diversity in placental morphology among mammalian species?" remain largely unsolved. Our present understanding of the molecules regulating placental development remains unclear, owing in no small part to the persistent obscurity surrounding the molecular mechanisms underlying placental acquisition. Numerous genes associated with the development of eutherian placental morphology likely evolved to function at the fetal-maternal interface in conjunction with those participating in embryogenesis. Therefore, identifying these genes, how they were acquired, and how they came to be expressed specifically at the fetal-maternal interface will shed light on some crucial molecular mechanisms underlying placental evolution. Exhaustive studies support the hypothesis that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) could be evolutional driving forces for trophoblast cell fusion and placental structure in mammalian placentas including those of the bovine species. This review focuses on bovine ERVs (BERVs) and their expression and function in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sakurai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Koriyama 963-8611, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan;
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157
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Manjunatha Reddy GB, Pabbineedi SM, Nagaraj S, Bijalwan S, Tadakod S, Bhutia Z, Palmu D, Rai S, Bhutia PD, Bhutia PT, Shenga E, Gulati BR. Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak ( Bos grunniens): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2823. [PMID: 38137967 PMCID: PMC10746030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an insight into the occurrence of LSD in Yak from Sikkim, a North-Eastern state of India. During the investigation, both cattle and yak exhibited typical clinical signs of LSD, including skin nodular lesions. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates for cattle were 9.08%, 1.84%, and 20.24%, respectively. Similarly, the morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates in yak were 7.57%, 1.24%, and 16.33%, respectively. The virus isolation and amplification of LSDV-specific genes confirmed the presence of LSDV in cattle, yak, and vectors. Further, demonstrated antibodies in randomly collected sera from naïve and unvaccinated cattle and yak using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (iELISA) and Serum Neutralisation test (SNT) from this region. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of P32, GPCR, and RPO30 genes revealed that the virus isolated from both species was 100% identical to each other and also closely related to the field LSDV isolates circulating in the Indian subcontinent. The study highlighted the emergence of LSDV in unconventional hosts and underscored the need to include other bovine species in national disease control programs, encompassing disease surveillance initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Mounica Pabbineedi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Sudeep Nagaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Shraddha Bijalwan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Sunil Tadakod
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Zeruiah Bhutia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Diki Palmu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Seema Rai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Pempa Doma Bhutia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Pem Tshering Bhutia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emila Shenga
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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159
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Makhetha LLN, Ntushelo K, Mokolopi BG, Oguttu JW, Mbajiorgu CA, Makete G, Mamphogoro TP. Draft genome assemblies of 12 Enterobacter hormaechei strains isolated from the North West province of South Africa. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0075723. [PMID: 37906021 PMCID: PMC10652933 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00757-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We present draft genome sequences of 12 Enterobacter hormaechei strains from feces isolated from cow rectums in the North West province, South Africa. The genome sizes ranged from 4.43 to 5.02Mb, with G + C contents of 55.5-56%, and contained 16-262 contigs. These data will contribute to our knowledge of the ecology and diversity of this species in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khayalethu Ntushelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | | | - Goitsemang Makete
- Gastro-Intestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tshifhiwa Paris Mamphogoro
- Gastro-Intestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene, Pretoria, South Africa
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160
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Rabaglino MB, Sánchez JM, McDonald M, O’Callaghan E, Lonergan P. Maternal blood transcriptome as a sensor of fetal organ maturation at the end of organogenesis in cattle†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:749-758. [PMID: 37658765 PMCID: PMC10651065 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing information from the maternal blood to predict fetal growth is attractive yet scarcely explored in livestock. The objectives were to determine the transcriptomic modifications in maternal blood and fetal liver, gonads, and heart according to fetal weight and to model a molecular signature based on the fetal organs allowing the prediction of fetal weight from the maternal blood transcriptome in cattle. In addition to a contemporaneous maternal blood sample, organ samples were collected from 10 male fetuses at 42 days of gestation for RNA-sequencing. Fetal weight ranged from 1.25 to 1.69 g (mean = 1.44 ± 0.15 g). Clustering data analysis revealed clusters of co-expressed genes positively correlated with fetal weight and enriching ontological terms biologically relevant for the organ. For the heart, the 1346 co-expressed genes were involved in energy generation and protein synthesis. For the gonads, the 1042 co-expressed genes enriched seminiferous tubule development. The 459 co-expressed genes identified in the liver were associated with lipid synthesis and metabolism. Finally, the cluster of 571 co-expressed genes determined in maternal blood enriched oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis. Next, data from the fetal organs were used to train a regression model of fetal weight, which was predicted with the maternal blood data. The best prediction was achieved when the model was trained with 35 co-expressed genes overlapping between heart and maternal blood (root-mean-square error = 0.04, R2 = 0.93). In conclusion, linking transcriptomic information from maternal blood with that from the fetal heart unveiled maternal blood as a predictor of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - José María Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elena O’Callaghan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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161
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Kang J, Chae H, Jeong S, Pervin R, Hossain MA. Evaluation of Biological Equivalence for Generic Tulathromycin Injections in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16262. [PMID: 38003452 PMCID: PMC10671567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent expiration of patents for the antibiotic tulathromycin has led to a significant increase in the number of generic tulathromycin products (GTPs) available. This study aims to evaluate the bioequivalence of four GTPs, which experienced a rapid increase in market share. The bioequivalence was evaluated by performing pharmacokinetic assessments. The four selected GTPs (Tulaject, Tulagen, Toulashot, and T-raxxin) were compared with the reference product, Draxxin. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg.bw/day was administered via subcutaneous injection, and blood samples were collected 460 times from 20 Holstein cattle. Plasma concentrations of tulathromycin were measured over time using LC-MS/MS analysis. Bioequivalence was evaluated using a statistical program for pharmacokinetic parameters, including the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). The bioequivalence was considered proven if the difference between the test and reference products was within 20% for both AUC and Cmax. The results showed that the confidence interval (CI, 90%) for both AUC and Cmax values was within the 80~120% range, demonstrating the bioequivalence of the four GTPs compared to Draxxin. This study provides evidence for the bioequivalence of the selected GTPs, contributing to their validation for use as effective antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongWoo Kang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - HyunYoung Chae
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - SungHoon Jeong
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rokeya Pervin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (MC790), Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood St. (MC964), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Aryee G, Luecke SM, Dahlen CR, Swanson KC, Amat S. Holistic View and Novel Perspective on Ruminal and Extra-Gastrointestinal Methanogens in Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2746. [PMID: 38004757 PMCID: PMC10673468 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research conducted on ruminal methanogens and anti-methanogenic intervention strategies over the last 50 years, most of the currently researched enteric methane (CH4) abatement approaches have shown limited efficacy. This is largely because of the complex nature of animal production and the ruminal environment, host genetic variability of CH4 production, and an incomplete understanding of the role of the ruminal microbiome in enteric CH4 emissions. Recent sequencing-based studies suggest the presence of methanogenic archaea in extra-gastrointestinal tract tissues, including respiratory and reproductive tracts of cattle. While these sequencing data require further verification via culture-dependent methods, the consistent identification of methanogens with relatively greater frequency in the airway and urogenital tract of cattle, as well as increasing appreciation of the microbiome-gut-organ axis together highlight the potential interactions between ruminal and extra-gastrointestinal methanogenic communities. Thus, a traditional singular focus on ruminal methanogens may not be sufficient, and a holistic approach which takes into consideration of the transfer of methanogens between ruminal, extra-gastrointestinal, and environmental microbial communities is of necessity to develop more efficient and long-term ruminal CH4 mitigation strategies. In the present review, we provide a holistic survey of the methanogenic archaea present in different anatomical sites of cattle and discuss potential seeding sources of the ruminal methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godson Aryee
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (G.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Sarah M. Luecke
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (G.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (C.R.D.); (K.C.S.)
| | - Kendall C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (C.R.D.); (K.C.S.)
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (G.A.); (S.M.L.)
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Dhaka P, Chantziaras I, Vijay D, Singh M, Bedi JS, Caekebeke N, Dewulf J. Situation Analysis and Recommendations for the Biosecurity Status of Dairy Farms in Punjab, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3458. [PMID: 38003077 PMCID: PMC10668703 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Farm biosecurity is an important herd management strategy to assure infection prevention and animal health. The present study aimed to evaluate the implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy farms in Punjab, India, using the standardized Biocheck.UGent™ scoring system. Convenience sampling was used to select 94 dairy farms, comprising both cattle and buffaloes, with a mean herd size of 74.8 animals. The study found that the mean external and internal biosecurity scores for the selected dairy farms were 45.4% and 43.7%, respectively. Among the subcategories, the highest external biosecurity score was observed for 'vermin control and other animals' (63%), and the highest internal biosecurity score was observed for 'adult cattle management' (76.6%). Whereas the lowest score for external biosecurity was observed for 'purchase and reproduction' (30.6%), and the lowest score for internal biosecurity was observed for 'health management' (33.6%). The overall mean biosecurity score of the present study was 44.8%, which was lower than the overall mean global score of 52%. The correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between herd size and overall biosecurity scores, indicating that larger farms had, on average, higher biosecurity scores. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy farms in Punjab needs improvement, especially in the subcategories of 'purchase and reproduction' and 'health management'. Further research to identify the factors influencing the implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy farms in the region is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dhaka
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (I.C.); (N.C.); (J.D.)
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India; (D.V.); (M.S.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Ilias Chantziaras
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (I.C.); (N.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India; (D.V.); (M.S.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur 680651, India
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India; (D.V.); (M.S.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India; (D.V.); (M.S.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Nele Caekebeke
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (I.C.); (N.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (I.C.); (N.C.); (J.D.)
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164
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Giannone C, Bovo M, Ceccarelli M, Torreggiani D, Tassinari P. Review of the Heat Stress-Induced Responses in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3451. [PMID: 38003069 PMCID: PMC10668733 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the dairy cattle sector, the evaluation of the effects induced by heat stress is still one of the most impactful and investigated aspects as it is strongly connected to both sustainability of the production and animal welfare. On the other hand, more recently, the possibility of collecting a large dataset made available by the increasing technology diffusion is paving the way for the application of advanced numerical techniques based on machine learning or big data approaches. In this scenario, driven by rapid change, there could be the risk of dispersing the relevant information represented by the physiological animal component, which should maintain the central role in the development of numerical models and tools. In light of this, the present literature review aims to consolidate and synthesize existing research on the physiological consequences of heat stress in dairy cattle. The present review provides, in a single document, an overview, as complete as possible, of the heat stress-induced responses in dairy cattle with the intent of filling the existing research gap for extracting the veterinary knowledge present in the literature and make it available for future applications also in different research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Bovo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (M.C.); (D.T.); (P.T.)
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165
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Martin KA, Kovach K, Moscoso E, Carreiro E, Jesudoss Chelladurai JRJ, Brewer MT. Assessment of in vitro efficacy for common surface disinfectants and antiseptics against Tritrichomonas foetus trophozoites. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1282274. [PMID: 38026616 PMCID: PMC10668592 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1282274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus causes early embryonic death in cattle, there are no legal options for treating this parasite in the United States, and there are few developed protocols for cleaning veterinary and obstetrical equipment that may have been contaminated with trophozoites. In this study, we evaluated bleach, ethanol, acetic acid, chlorhexidine gluconate, and hydrogen peroxide solutions for the ability to kill trophozoites in vitro. Our findings suggested that ethanol and bleach could adequately disinfect tools and equipment. Acetic acid, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide had applications as surface disinfectants in addition to potential as local topical treatments due to their past uses in veterinary theriogenology. Chlorhexidine gluconate demonstrated trophocidal effects by damaging parasite cell membranes and had the lowest effective concentration 50 (EC50) of any compound tested and was in the micromolar range. These findings, in conjunction with accepted clinical uses of chlorhexidine gluconate suggest that this is a convenient agent for disinfecting equipment. In addition, topical use of chlorhexidine is relatively common, setting the stage for further investigation of this compound as a topical therapeutic option for bovine trichomonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A. Martin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristofer Kovach
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Erica Moscoso
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Carreiro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Matthew T. Brewer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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166
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Mohapatra A, Biswas S, Bhattar AVK, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Comparative analysis of rumen metagenome, metatranscriptome, fermentation and methane yield in cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266025. [PMID: 38029196 PMCID: PMC10666647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A study to compare the rumen microbial community composition, functional potential of the microbiota, methane (CH4) yield, and rumen fermentation was conducted in adult male cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. A total of 41 phyla, 169 orders, 374 families, and 1,376 microbial genera were identified in the study. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the two most dominant bacterial phyla in both cattle and buffaloes. However, there was no difference in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rumen metagenome of cattle and buffaloes. Based on the abundance, the Proteobacteria was the 3rd largest phylum in the metagenome, constituting 18-20% in both host species. Euryarchaeota was the most abundant phylum of the methanogens, whereas Methanobacteriales and Methanobrevibacter were the most abundant orders and genera in both species. The methanogen abundances were not different between the two host species. Like the metagenome, the difference between the compositional and functional abundances (metagenome vs. metatranscriptome) of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was not significant, whereas the proteobacteria were functionally less active than their metagenomic composition. Contrary to the metagenome, the Euryarchaeota was the 3rd most functional phylum in the rumen and constituted ~15% of the metatranscriptome. Methanobacteriales were the most functional methanogens, accounting for more than 2/3rd of the total archaeal functionality. These results indicated that the methanogens from Euryarchaeota were functionally more active as compared to their compositional abundance. The CH4 yield (g/kg DMI), CH4 emission (g/kg DDM), dry matter (DM) intake, and rumen fermentation did not vary between the two host species. Overall, the study established a substantial difference between the compositional abundances and metabolic functionality of the rumen microbiota; however, feeding cattle and buffaloes on the same diet resulted in similar microbiota composition, metabolic functionality, and CH4 yield. Further studies are warranted to investigate the effect of different diets and environments on the composition and metabolic functionality of the rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Siddharth Biswas
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
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167
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Liang Y, Li R, Zhang L, Chen S, Yang K, Ding H, Tan X, Zhang Q, Qiao Z. Study of Transcriptomic Analysis of Yak ( Bos grunniens) and Cattle ( Bos taurus) Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxygen Concentration Gradients and Differences in Their Lung Histology and Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1-Related Factors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3450. [PMID: 38003068 PMCID: PMC10668684 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia affects the biological behavior of yak PASMCs, the changes in the histological structure of yak and cattle lungs, and the relationships and regulatory roles that exist regarding the differences in the distribution and expression of PDK1 and its hypoxia-associated factors screened for their role in the adaptation of yak lungs to the plateau hypoxic environment. The results showed that, at the level of transcriptome sequencing, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glucose metabolism pathway, and related factors (HK2/PGK1/ENO1/ENO3/ALDOC/ALDOA) may be closely related to the adaptation of yaks to the hypoxic environment of the plateau; at the tissue level, the presence of filled alveoli and semi-filled alveoli, thicker alveolar septa and basement membranes, a large number of erythrocytes, capillary distribution, and collagen fibers accounted for all levels of fine bronchioles in the lungs of yaks as compared to cattle. A higher percentage of goblet cells was found in the fine bronchioles of yaks, and PDK1, HIF-1α, and VEGF were predominantly distributed and expressed in the monolayers of ciliated columnar epithelium in the branches of the terminal fine bronchioles of yak and cattle lungs, with a small amount of it distributed in the alveolar septa; at the molecular level, the differences in PDK1 mRNA relative expression in the lungs of adult yaks and cattle were not significant (p > 0.05), the differences in HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA relative expression were significant (p < 0.05), and the expression of PDK1 and HIF-1α proteins in adult yaks was stronger than that in adult cattle. PDK1 and HIF-1α proteins were more strongly expressed in adult yaks than in adult cattle, and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.01); the relative expression of VEGF proteins was not significantly different between adult yaks and cattle (p > 0.05). The possible regulatory relationship between the above results and the adaptation of yak lungs to the plateau hypoxic environment paves the way for the regulatory mechanisms of PDK1, HIF-1α, and VEGF, and provides basic information for studying the mechanism of hypoxic adaptation of yaks in the plateau. At the same time, it provides a reference for human hypoxia adaptation and a target for the prevention and treatment of plateau diseases in humans and plateau animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Manlin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Rui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Lan Zhang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Shuwu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Kun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Haie Ding
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiao Tan
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
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Hoyle DV, Wee BA, Macleod K, Chase-Topping ME, Bease AG, Tongue SC, Gally DL, Delannoy S, Fach P, Pearce MC, Gunn GJ, Holmes A, Allison L. Phylogenetic relationship and virulence composition of Escherichia coli O26:H11 cattle and human strain collections in Scotland; 2002-2020. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260422. [PMID: 38029122 PMCID: PMC10657854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
O26 is the commonest non-O157 Shiga toxin (stx)-producing Escherichia coli serogroup reported in human infections worldwide. Ruminants, particularly cattle, are the primary reservoir source for human infection. In this study, we compared the whole genomes and virulence profiles of O26:H11 strains (n = 99) isolated from Scottish cattle with strains from human infections (n = 96) held by the Scottish Escherichia coli O157/STEC Reference Laboratory, isolated between 2002 and 2020. Bovine strains were from two national cross-sectional cattle surveys conducted between 2002-2004 and 2014-2015. A maximum likelihood phylogeny was constructed from a core-genome alignment with the O26:H11 strain 11368 reference genome. Genomes were screened against a panel of 2,710 virulence genes using the Virulence Finder Database. All stx-positive bovine O26:H11 strains belonged to the ST21 lineage and were grouped into three main clades. Bovine and human source strains were interspersed, and the stx subtype was relatively clade-specific. Highly pathogenic stx2a-only ST21 strains were identified in two herds sampled in the second cattle survey and in human clinical infections from 2010 onwards. The closest pairwise distance was 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between Scottish bovine and human strains and 69 SNPs between the two cattle surveys. Bovine O26:H11 was compared to public EnteroBase ST29 complex genomes and found to have the greatest commonality with O26:H11 strains from the rest of the UK, followed by France, Italy, and Belgium. Virulence profiles of stx-positive bovine and human strains were similar but more conserved for the stx2a subtype. O26:H11 stx-negative ST29 (n = 17) and ST396 strains (n = 5) were isolated from 19 cattle herds; all were eae-positive, and 10 of these herds yielded strains positive for ehxA, espK, and Z2098, gene markers suggestive of enterohaemorrhagic potential. There was a significant association (p < 0.001) between nucleotide sequence percent identity and stx status for the bacteriophage insertion site genes yecE for stx2 and yehV for stx1. Acquired antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in silico in 12.1% of bovine and 17.7% of human O26:H11 strains, with sul2, tet, aph(3″), and aph(6″) being most common. This study describes the diversity among Scottish bovine O26:H11 strains and investigates their relationship to human STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah V. Hoyle
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan A. Wee
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kareen Macleod
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margo E. Chase-Topping
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Bease
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sue C. Tongue
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, North Faculty, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Gally
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Unité ColiPath – Plateforme IdentyPath, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Agence Nationale De Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Unité ColiPath – Plateforme IdentyPath, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Agence Nationale De Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michael C. Pearce
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, North Faculty, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - George J. Gunn
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, North Faculty, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Holmes
- Scottish E. coli O157/STEC Reference Laboratory (SERL), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Allison
- Scottish E. coli O157/STEC Reference Laboratory (SERL), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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169
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Goldkamp AK, Lahuis CH, Hagen DE, Taxis TM. Influence of Maternal BLV Infection on miRNA and tRF Expression in Calves. Pathogens 2023; 12:1312. [PMID: 38003777 PMCID: PMC10674961 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRF), are known to be involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Research has provided evidence that small RNAs may influence immune development in calves. Bovine leukosis is a disease in cattle caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) that leads to increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. No research has addressed the potential influence that a maternal BLV infection may have on gene regulation through the differential expression of miRNAs or tRFs in progeny. Blood samples from 14-day old Holstein calves born to BLV-infected dams were collected. Antibodies for BLV were assessed using ELISA and levels of BLV provirus were assessed using qPCR. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples for small RNA sequencing. Five miRNAs (bta-miR-1, bta-miR-206, bta-miR-133a, bta-miR-133b, and bta-miR-2450d) and five tRFs (tRF-36-8JZ8RN58X2NF79E, tRF-20-0PF05B2I, tRF-27-W4R951KHZKK, tRF-22-S3M8309NF, and tRF-26-M87SFR2W9J0) were dysregulated in calves born to BLV-infected dams. The miRNAs appear to be involved in the gene regulation of immunological responses and muscle development. The tRF subtypes and parental tRNA profiles in calves born to infected dams appear to be consistent with previous publications in adult cattle with BLV infection. These findings offer insight into how maternal BLV infection status may impact the development of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Goldkamp
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA; (A.K.G.)
| | - Ciarra H. Lahuis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Darren E. Hagen
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA; (A.K.G.)
| | - Tasia M. Taxis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Reiche AM, Amelchanka SL, Bapst B, Terranova M, Kreuzer M, Kuhla B, Dohme-Meier F. Influence of dietary fiber content and horn status on thermoregulatory responses of Brown Swiss dairy cows under thermoneutral and short-term heat stress conditions. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8033-8046. [PMID: 37641257 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present experiment, 10 horned and 10 disbudded mid-lactating Brown Swiss cows were included in a crossover feeding trial with a hay or hay and concentrate diet. The effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and horn status on thermoregulatory responses under thermoneutral and short-term heat stress conditions were studied, as both are considered to ease the cow's thermoregulation under an environmental heat load. Cows received either ad libitum hay and alfalfa pellets (85:15, C-, NDF content: 41.0%) or restricted amounts of hay and concentrate (70:30, C+, NDF content: 34.5%). The level of restriction applied with the C+ diet was determined from pre-experimental ad libitum intakes, ensuring that both diets provided the same intake of net energy for lactation (NEL). For data collection, cows were housed in respiration chambers for 5 d. The climatic conditions were 10°C and 60% relative humidity (RH), considered thermoneutral (TN) conditions (temperature-humidity index (THI): 52) for d 1 and 2, and 25°C and 70% RH, considered heat stress (HS) conditions (THI: 74), for d 4 and 5. On d 3, the temperature and RH were increased gradually. Compared with TN, HS conditions increased the water intake, skin temperature, respiration and heart rates, and endogenous heat production. They did not affect body temperature, feed intake, or milk production. Lowering dietary fiber content via concentrate supplementation lowered methane and increased carbon dioxide production. It did not mitigate physiological responses to HS. Although the responses of horned and disbudded cows were generally similar, the slower respiration rates of horned cows under HS conditions indicate a possible, albeit minor, role of the horn in thermoregulation. In conclusion, future investigations on nutritional strategies must be conducted to mitigate mild heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Reiche
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland.
| | - S L Amelchanka
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - B Bapst
- Qualitas AG, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | - M Terranova
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - B Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - F Dohme-Meier
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
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171
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Larsen K, Ichinose P, Fernández-San Juan R, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Effects of acaricides on the activities of monooxygenases in bovine liver microsomes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:375-384. [PMID: 37231529 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs), pyrethrins and fipronil, are acaricides commonly used in cattle, mainly as pour on formulations. Scant information is available on their potential interactions with hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro the potential inhibitory effects of widely employed acaricides on catalytic activities mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes in cattle. Bovine (n = 4) liver microsomes were incubated in the absence (control assays) and in presence of different OPs (fenthion, chlorpyrifos, ethion, diazinon and dichlorvos), fipronil and cypermethrin at 0.1-100 μm. Five oxidative enzyme activities were assayed by spectrofluorimetric or HPLC methods: 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (for CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (for CYP1A2), benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (for CYP2B), testosterone 6-beta hydroxylase (for CYP3A) and benzydamine N-oxidase (for FMO). All acaricides, particularly phosphorothionate-containing OPs, inhibited to some extent more than one enzyme activity. The most frequent inhibitor was fenthion, which inhibited (p < .05) all enzyme activities tested (from 22% at 1 μm to 72% at 100 μm). However, low inhibitory potencies (IC50s higher than 7 μm) of all acaricides studied were observed against the catalytic activities assayed. Therefore, the risk of in vivo metabolic interactions due to inhibition of monooxygenases would be low under common husbandry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Larsen
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ichinose
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Fernández-San Juan
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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172
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Badshah F, Ullah K, Kamal M, Rafiq N, Usman T, Ríos-Escalante PRDL, Said MB. Epidemiological analysis of anaplasmosis in cattle from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Vet World 2023; 16:2287-2292. [PMID: 38152261 PMCID: PMC10750754 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2287-2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease affecting livestock caused by the bacteria Anaplasma, poses a global concern. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, spatiotemporal variation, and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in cattle from the Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Materials and Methods This study used 197 cattle exhibiting clinical symptoms of anaplasmosis in natural settings. Microscopic examination was used to estimate the prevalence. Potential risk factors, such as sampling regions and months, gender, breed, and age were studied. Results The study revealed an overall anaplasmosis prevalence of 19.79%. Bannu district exhibited a higher occurrence at 22.10%, compared to Lakki Marwat district at 17.64%. Young cattle (<2 years) demonstrated a notably higher incidence of anaplasmosis (26.78%) compared to adults (>5 years), which had a prevalence of 12.35% (p < 0.05). Female cattle (22.36%) were more susceptible than male cattle (11.11%). Prevalence peaked in June (45.71%) and was lowest in February (3.57%). Crossbred cattle had a higher prevalence (23.52%) than purebred cattle (11.47%). Conclusion Anaplasmosis can be effectively controlled using a comprehensive approach encompassing selective breeding for resilience, targeted care of young calves and females, effective tick control during warmer months, consistent use of insecticides, and proactive risk factor management. Raising awareness among farmers through diverse channels, including media, is pivotal to bolster tick-borne disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Badshah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat-26000, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco Facultad de Recursos Naturales Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas Casilla 15-D Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales, UCTemuco, Chile
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
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173
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Ider M, Yildiz R, Naseri A, Gülersoy E, Alkan F, Ok M, Erturk A, Sulu K, Durgut MK. Investigation of gastrointestinal injury-related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2893-2900. [PMID: 37776262 PMCID: PMC10650368 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displaced abomasum (DA) is one of the most important metabolic disorders of dairy cattle. In DA, ischaemic damage may occur as a result of impaired perfusion due to abomasal displacement, which may result in gastrointestinal mucosal damage. OBJECTIVE Investigation of gastrointestinal tissue damage in cattle with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) using intestinal-related biomarkers. METHODS Forty-eight DA (24 LDA, 24 RDA) and 15 healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled between March 2021 and July 2022. Serum biomarkers including gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG-2), liver-fatty acid binding proteins (L-FABP), platelet activating factor (PAF), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), leptin, claudin-3 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples. RESULTS L-FABP concentrations in the LDA group and TFF-3 concentrations in the RDA group were lower than in the control group. The leptin concentration of the RDA group was higher than that of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between lactate, leptin and IL-8 concentrations. There was a negative correlation between lactate and TFF-3, whereas leptin and lactate were positively correlated. Leptin was the more reliable biomarker for discriminating between RDA and LDA cases. CONCLUSION Changes in serum L-FABP, TFF-3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA may reflect acute intestinal injury and the subsequent repair phase. However, these biomarkers had poor diagnostic performance in discriminating between healthy and cattle with DA, while leptin emerged as the most useful marker in differentiating LDA from RDA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ider
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityBurdurTurkey
| | - Amir Naseri
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Erdem Gülersoy
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineHarran UniversitySanlıurfaTurkey
| | - Fahrettin Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of SurgerySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Mahmut Ok
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Alper Erturk
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineMustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkey
| | - Kadir Sulu
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | - Murat Kaan Durgut
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
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174
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Radhika G, Aravindakshan TV, Anilkumar K, Manoj M, Thomas S. Genetic diversity analysis of cattle genetic groups of Kerala state using microsatellite data. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1154-1162. [PMID: 34955081 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2014857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cattle belonging to seven different genetic groups in Kerala state, India were chosen for the study to find out the genetic diversity between the groups, which would aid in their sustainable improvement and conservation of native cattle. They included the native groups namely, Vechur, Kasaragod, Vadakara dwarf and Vilwadri, along with three different grades of crossbred cattle, based on milk production. Genomic DNA was isolated from 20 to 30 unrelated animals of each group and a panel of 25 microsatellite markers as suggested by FAO-ISAG, were amplified by multiplex PCR. The PCR amplicons were genotyped and the allelic data analyzed using suitable Bioinformatics softwares. The present study showed that the observed number of alleles was much more than the expected, in all populations. The mean PIC value obtained for the present study was 0.8912 and increased number of private alleles were observed, especially in Vilwadri and Kasaragod groups. Negative value of FIS (-0.055) indicated that the level of inbreeding was less. The FST value was 0.1442 indicating that the populations showed good genetic differentiation. The results of Structure analysis revealed admixture only in Vadakara population. The results obtained from the present study showed that Vilwadri and Kasaragod cattle showed distinct differences from other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Radhika
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Pookode, Wayanad, India
| | - T V Aravindakshan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Animal Genetics and Breeding, Mannuthy, KVASU, Wayanad, India
| | - K Anilkumar
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, KVASU, Pookode, Wayanad, India
| | - M Manoj
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, KVASU, Pookode, Wayanad, India
| | - Stephy Thomas
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Animal Genetics and Breeding, Mannuthy, KVASU, Wayanad, India
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175
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Guarnieri E, Sauvé F, Arsenault J, Francoz D. Prevalence of cutaneous and mucosal lesions in dairy cattle admitted to a Canadian Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2018 to 2019. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2584-2591. [PMID: 37746913 PMCID: PMC10658502 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence, anatomical distribution, or nature of cutaneous, hair and oral mucosal abnormalities (CHMAs) in cattle is uncertain. OBJECTIVES To determine how often dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) had CHMAs (except for foot and ear canal) on physical examination and if there was an age-related difference. ANIMALS Four hundred and thirty-three cattle: cattle <3 months (n = 85), cattle 3 to 24 months (n = 73), and cattle >24 months (n = 275). METHODS In this descriptive, observational, prospective study, CHMAs of dairy cattle admitted to the VTH of the Université de Montréal were recorded over 1 year. Prevalences were calculated. Dermatological examinations were performed within 48 hours of admission, according to a glossary. Chi-square tests were used to compare prevalence between age groups. RESULTS The 433 cattle were mostly females (97.5%) and of the Holstein breed (89.8%). The prevalence of cattle <3 months presenting with at least 1 identifiable CHMA was 65% (55/85). In cattle 3 to 24 months old, it was 90% (66/73), and in cattle >24 months, it was 99.3% (273/275). There were significant differences (P < .001) between the prevalence of CHMAs localized on the ischia, ilia, stifles, hocks, carpi, flank, lateral neck, dorsal cervical, and cornual regions in cattle >24 months vs <3 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE CHMAs were highly prevalent and age-specific. Calluses on the carpi and hocks of cattle >24 months were the most common CHMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Guarnieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
| | - David Francoz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
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176
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Tustin CE, Tustin AW. Reports to OSHA of severe occupational injuries due to animals, 2015-2021. Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:1009-1013. [PMID: 37668580 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers can be injured by animals such as mammals and insects. Previous studies found that most animal-related occupational fatalities were caused by horses and cattle. We analyzed characteristics of recent nonfatal severe animal-related injuries in US workers. METHODS The severe injury reports (SIR) database, collected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, contains employer self-reports of inpatient hospitalizations and amputations. We used 2015-2021 SIR data to assess properties of animal-related injuries, including the type of animal involved, the nature of the injury, and the industry of the employer. Industry-specific incidence rates were calculated. RESULTS We identified 788 severe animal-related injuries during the 7-year study period. Mammals caused over half of these injuries (476; 60.4%), followed by insects, arachnids, and mites (183; 23.2%) and reptiles (127; 16.1%). Two-thirds (529; 67.1%) of animal-related injuries were traumatic, while 211 (28.0%) injuries were due to poisoning or allergic reaction. The highest observed incidence was in livestock merchant wholesalers (59.6 severe injuries per 100,000 workers per year); injuries in this industry were often due to cattle. Mail delivery and landscape architecture, two industries in which animal contact is atypical, were also among the 10 industries with the highest incidence. CONCLUSIONS Workers in many industries experienced severe injuries due to animals. Among workers whose job involves animal contact, cattle workers appear to be at highest risk. Outdoor workers in some industries require protection from bites of dogs, snakes, and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canela E Tustin
- Radiant Occupational Health and Epidemiology LLC, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron W Tustin
- Radiant Occupational Health and Epidemiology LLC, Columbia, Maryland, USA
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177
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Szelényi Z, Szenci O, Bodó S, Kovács L. Noninfectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss at the Late Embryonic/Early Fetal Stage in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3390. [PMID: 37958145 PMCID: PMC10650878 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In cattle, initial pregnancy diagnosis takes place during the late embryonic/early fetal stage of gestation. From this point onward, pregnancy loss may occur in up to one fifth of pregnancies before the initial pregnancy diagnosis is confirmed. This means the early identification of risk factors is a key part of pregnancy diagnosis and herd management. The various factors responsible for pregnancy losses are classified into infectious and noninfectious. Among the noninfectious causes, several dam-related (circumstances of the individual pregnancy or milk production) and herd-related factors causing stress have been well established. In this review, we summarize the impacts of these noninfectious factors and predict associated risks of pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szelényi
- Department of Obstetrics and Farm Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ottó Szenci
- Department of Obstetrics and Farm Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szilárd Bodó
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Levente Kovács
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.B.); (L.K.)
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Petukhova T, Spinato M, Rossi T, Guerin MT, Kelton D, Nelson-Smikle P, Barham M, Ojkic D, Poljak Z. Development of interactive dashboards for monitoring endemic animal pathogens in Ontario, Canada: Ontario interactive animal pathogen dashboards. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:727-736. [PMID: 37542384 PMCID: PMC10621539 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231190076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of web-based technologies makes it possible to build user interfaces or web pages that present and summarize complex data in easy-to-read graphical formats that emphasize key information. Taking advantage of this technologic progress, we addressed the need for real-time visualizations of trends for major pathogens in the largest livestock industries in Ontario: poultry, swine, and cattle. These visualizations were built using test data from the laboratory information management system of the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, a large veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Ontario. The data were processed using R software and used to construct interactive and dynamic visualizations using Tableau Desktop v.2021.4 (Tableau Software). We designed 12 dashboards: in chickens-influenza A virus, fowl adenovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and infectious laryngotracheitis virus; in turkeys-influenza A virus; in swine, influenza A virus, rotavirus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; in cattle-bovine viral diarrhea virus, Mycoplasma bovis, Salmonella Dublin in individual samples, and Salmonella Dublin in bulk tank milk samples. Data for each pathogen are presented in 2 dashboards. One shows the data of the last 10 y (general view) and the other the data of the last 3 y, but in more detail (comprehensive view). Information on gaining access to all dashboards is available at https://iapd.lsd.uoguelph.ca/. The visualizations provide near-real-time access to aggregated assay results for selected pathogens for veterinarians, animal health regulatory agencies, researchers, and other users who are interested in livestock pathogen surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Petukhova
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Spinato
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Rossi
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele T. Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Melanie Barham
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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179
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Dubey JP, Gupta A, de Araujo LS, Kwok OCH, Khan A, Rosenthal BM. Sarcocystis cruzi (Hasselmann, 1923) Wenyon, 1926: redescription, molecular characterization and deposition of life cycle stages specimens in the Smithsonian Museum. Parasitology 2023; 150:1192-1206. [PMID: 37850439 PMCID: PMC10941222 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202300094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 7 named Sarcocystis species infect cattle: Sarcocystis hirsuta, S. cruzi, S. hominis, S. bovifelis, S. heydorni, S. bovini and S. rommeli; other, unnamed species also infect cattle. Of these parasites of cattle, a complete life cycle description is known only for S. cruzi, the most pathogenic species in cattle. The life cycle of S. cruzi was completed experimentally in 1982, before related parasite species were structurally characterized, and before the advent of molecular diagnostics; to our knowledge, no archived frozen tissues from the cattle employed in the original descriptions remain for DNA characterization. Here, we isolated DNA from a paraffin-embedded kidney of a calf experimentally infected with S. cruzi in 1980; we then sequenced portions of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COX1 and Acetyl CoA genes and verified that each shares 99–100% similarity to other available isolates attributed to S. cruzi from naturally infected cattle. We also reevaluated histological sections of tissues of calves experimentally infected with S. cruzi in the original description, exploiting improvements in photographic technology to render clearer morphological detail. Finally, we reviewed all available studies of the life cycle of S. cruzi, noting that S. cruzi was transmitted between bison (Bison bison) and cattle (Bos taurus) and that the strain of parasite derived from bison appeared more pathogenic than the cattle strain. Based on these newfound molecular, morphological and physiological data, we thereby redescribed S. cruzi and deposited reference material in the Smithsonian Museum for posterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Aditya Gupta
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Larissa S. de Araujo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Oliver C. H. Kwok
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Asis Khan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Rosenthal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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180
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Asfaw Y, Begna R, Masho W. Evaluation of breeding objectives, breeding practices and reproductive performance of indigenous dairy cows in selected districts of Kaffa Zone, South West Ethiopia. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2820-2834. [PMID: 37728180 PMCID: PMC10650342 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breeding objectives are designed to achieve targeted dairy cow production goals, which can be affected by production type, farmer preferences, environmental factors and genetic factors individually or in combination. Breeding practices, such as both controlled and uncontrolled, and artificial insemination (AI) are the tools used to obtain the desired breeding objectives. The lower reproductive performance of indigenous dairy cows affects the total milk production and calf crops that are produced during their lifetime. Designing appropriate breeding objectives and breeding practices can improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows and their overall production performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the breeding, practices and performance of indigenous dairy cattle in the south western part of Ethiopia. The districts of Gesha and Chena were purposefully chosen. The study design for the 384 household surveys was a cross-sectional survey with a simple random sample approach. Data analysis was carried out by MS-Excel (2010) and the general linear model procedure of SAS of 2008. RESULTS The current study revealed that methods of breeding were predominantly natural-controlled mating, followed by natural-uncontrolled mating and AI in descending order. Breeding objectives were input function, output function, sociocultural and economic functions and assets and security functions in decreasing order of rank. Reproduction performance indexes of indigenous dairy cows age at first service (3.72 ± 0.05 years), age at first calving (AFC) (4.71 ± 0.07 years), calving interval (CI) (1.58 ± 0.03 years), days open (DO) (4.26 ± 0.11 months), services per conception in natural mating (1.4 ± 0.08) and AI (2.73 ± 0.14), age of bull at maturity (4.17 ± 0.74 years), interoestrus interval (23.18 ± 0.61 days), calves crop (7.53 ± 0.22) and the life span of indigenous dairy cow (11.94 ± 0.26 years) were significant (p < 0.01) between two districts, whereas the values of age of bull at maturity and number of services per conception in natural mating were significant (p < 0.05) between districts. CONCLUSIONS Using AI and major reproduction performances, such as AFC, CI and DO of indigenous dairy cows in the study area, were very low. Therefore, concerned bodies should intervene to improve reproduction performance through the utilization of AI techniques, with the integration of forage development activities and improvements in livestock health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakob Asfaw
- Department of Animal ScienceMizan – Tepi UniversityMizan AmanEthiopia
| | - Regasa Begna
- Department of Animal ScienceMizan – Tepi UniversityMizan AmanEthiopia
| | - Worku Masho
- Department of Animal ScienceMizan – Tepi UniversityMizan AmanEthiopia
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181
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Morris RS, Bingham PC. Japanese encephalitis virus: epidemiology and risk-based surveillance approaches for New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:283-294. [PMID: 37621178 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2248054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The introduction and subsequent rapid spread of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV across all Australian mainland states and the Northern Territory since late 2021 has increased the risk of an incursion of this mosquito-transmitted zoonotic virus disease into New Zealand, with serious implications for both animal and human health. The potential modes of entry are through introduction of infected mosquitoes as hitchhikers on ships or aircraft, windborne transfer of mosquitoes, or arrival of infected reservoir bird species. A competent vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, is endemic in New Zealand and other mosquito species may also become involved. If infection becomes established in New Zealand, the scale of transmission may be considerably less than has occurred in Australia because climatic and epidemiological factors are not so favourable. Early evidence of an incursion could come from detection of clinical disease in horses or pigs, or from human cases. Targeted surveillance to confirm or refute indications of an incursion could be undertaken by antibody detection in a number of species. Dogs have been shown to be a particularly valuable sentinel species due to their cohabitation with people and high seroconversion rate. Other novel methods of surveillance could include reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) on oronasal secretions of pigs. Should evidence of the disease be detected, prompt action would be required to vaccinate at-risk human populations and clarify the epidemiological situation with respect to mammalian hosts and mosquito vector species, including whether a new mosquito species had arrived in the country.Abbreviations: AHL: Animal Health Laboratory; JE: Japanese encephalitis disease; JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus; RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Morris
- MorVet Ltd., Masterton, New Zealand
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P C Bingham
- Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Operations Branch, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wallaceville, New Zealand
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182
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Elati K, Salhi I, Kodia R, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2862-2870. [PMID: 37725348 PMCID: PMC10650360 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical theileriosis, Theileria annulata infection, is the most prevalent summer disease in Tunisia. It is transmitted by Hyalomma scupense, a two-host tick known to be endophilic. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to estimate the infection prevalence of cattle by T. annulata in two districts from central Tunisia. METHODS Blood samples collected from 270 Holstein cattle from the Sidi Bouzid (140 samples) and Kasserine districts (130 samples) were analysed by Giemsa staining and T. annulata-specific PCR. RESULTS In both regions, PCR revealed a prevalence of 32.6%. This was significantly higher than the 6.3% prevalence obtained by Giemsa staining blood smears (p < 0.001). Giemsa staining also revealed a low parasitaemia of 0.05%. The PCR-based prevalence was not statistically different between the two districts (31.4 ± 0.04 and 33.8 ± 0.04% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine districts, respectively, p = 0.6). On the contrary, the results of blood smear examination (2.85 and 10% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine, respectively) differed significantly between the two sampling sites (p = 0.01). There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between the overall molecular infection prevalence when the samples were segregated based on animals' age or gender (p = 0.1 and 0.2, respectively) and a similar trend was observed for Giemsa staining. Ten PCR amplicons of the Tams1 gene (721 bp) were subsequently sequenced from the two regions. The phylogenetic analyses showed 100% similarity between all sequences. The unique conserved Tams1 sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number OP428816 and used to infer its phylogenetic relationships with those available in the GenBank repository. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the presence of T. annulata in this region of central Tunisia which has no history of tropical theileriosis. Priority areas for future studies include understanding the origin of these T. annulata-positive animals in a region where the presence of a known natural vector tick, H. scupense, has not been reported. Given that the disease severely constrains cattle productivity, it would also be worthwhile to investigate if other potential vectors for T. annulata, such as Hyalomma dromedarii, are present in the arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Elati
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Department of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Ismail Salhi
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Ridha Kodia
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)AmmanJordan
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
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183
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Thomasmeyer A, Reineking W, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and antigen-presenting cells in trachea and lung of cattle. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:989-1002. [PMID: 37646363 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and its structural components has been described in different healthy animal species and in animals with diseases of the respiratory tract. In contrast to normal mammals, BALT is absent in healthy human adult lungs, but has been found in the lungs of children. The histological characteristics of organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), its subsets of immune cells and their in situ distribution in the lung of healthy subadult and adult cattle shows close similarities with BALT in humans and other animal species such as sheep, horses and pigs. This study clearly demonstrates that organized MALT also occurs in the tracheal mucosa of cattle. The absence of tracheal MALT and BALT in calves suggest that these structures are not constitutive. In the mucosa of bovine trachea, bronchi and bronchioli, MHC II+ and CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are located in the epithelium and in the lamina propria mucosae. These DCs are already present in calves soon after birth. Examination of tangential epithelial sheets shows that in the bovine tracheal epithelium, like in man and rat, a dense network of MHC II+ and CD11c+ DCs exists and that their number is considerably higher than in conventional transverse sections. In the bovine tracheal and bronchial epithelium, MHC II+ DCs are extending their dendrites towards the lumen indicating that these DCs possibly are involved in sampling of luminal antigens. The presence of significantly higher numbers of MHC II+ DCs in the tracheal and bronchial/bronchiolar mucosa of older cattle in than in calves possibly results from local stimulation with exogenous antigens during postnatal life. Detection of DCs expressing the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in calves and cattle suggests maturation of DCs, which is most likely induced by stimulation with exogenous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thomasmeyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wencke Reineking
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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184
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Zeng L, Qu K, Zhang J, Huang B, Lei C. Genes related to heat tolerance in cattle-a review. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1840-1848. [PMID: 35290167 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2047995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is described as the cumulative detrimental effect caused by an imbalance between heat production within the body and heat dissipation. When cattle are exposed to heat stress with skin surface temperatures exceeding 35 °C, gene networks within and across cells respond to environmental heat loads with both intra and extracellular signals that coordinate cellular and whole-animal metabolism changes to store heat and rapidly increase evaporative heat loss. In this study, we examined evidence from genes known to be associated with heat tolerance (Hsp70, HSF1, HspB8, SOD1, PRLH, ATP1A1, MTOR, and EIF2AK4). This information could serve as valuable resource material for breeding programs aimed at increasing the thermotolerance of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLan Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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185
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Bhati M, Mapel XM, Lloret-Villas A, Pausch H. Structural variants and short tandem repeats impact gene expression and splicing in bovine testis tissue. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad161. [PMID: 37655920 PMCID: PMC10627265 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) are significant sources of genetic variation. However, the impacts of these variants on gene regulation have not been investigated in cattle. Here, we genotyped and characterized 19,408 SVs and 374,821 STRs in 183 bovine genomes and investigated their impact on molecular phenotypes derived from testis transcriptomes. We found that 71% STRs were multiallelic. The vast majority (95%) of STRs and SVs were in intergenic and intronic regions. Only 37% SVs and 40% STRs were in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) (R2 > 0.8) with surrounding SNPs/insertions and deletions (Indels), indicating that SNP-based association testing and genomic prediction are blind to a nonnegligible portion of genetic variation. We showed that both SVs and STRs were more than 2-fold enriched among expression and splicing QTL (e/sQTL) relative to SNPs/Indels and were often associated with differential expression and splicing of multiple genes. Deletions and duplications had larger impacts on splicing and expression than any other type of SV. Exonic duplications predominantly increased gene expression either through alternative splicing or other mechanisms, whereas expression- and splicing-associated STRs primarily resided in intronic regions and exhibited bimodal effects on the molecular phenotypes investigated. Most e/sQTL resided within 100 kb of the affected genes or splicing junctions. We pinpoint candidate causal STRs and SVs associated with the expression of SLC13A4 and TTC7B and alternative splicing of a lncRNA and CAPP1. We provide a catalog of STRs and SVs for taurine cattle and show that these variants contribute substantially to gene expression and splicing variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Bhati
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xena Marie Mapel
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hubert Pausch
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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186
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Shephard RW, Maloney SK. A review of thermal stress in cattle. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:417-429. [PMID: 37620993 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cattle control body temperature in a narrow range over varying climatic conditions. Endogenous body heat is generated by metabolism, digestion and activity. Radiation is the primary external source of heat transfer into the body of cattle. Cattle homeothermy uses behavioural and physiological controls to manage radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporative exchange of heat between the body and the environment, noting that evaporative mechanisms almost exclusively transfer body heat to the environment. Cattle control radiation by shade seeking (hot) and shelter (cold) and by huddling or standing further apart, noting there are intrinsic breed and age differences in radiative transfer potential. The temperature gradient between the skin and the external environment and wind speed (convection) determines heat transfer by these means. Cattle control these mechanisms by managing blood flow to the periphery (physiology), by shelter-seeking and standing/lying activity in the short term (behaviourally) and by modifying their coats and adjusting their metabolic rates in the longer term (acclimatisation). Evaporative heat loss in cattle is primarily from sweating, with some respiratory contribution, and is the primary mechanism for dissipating excess heat when environmental temperatures exceed skin temperature (~36°C). Cattle tend to be better adapted to cooler rather than hotter external conditions, with Bos indicus breeds more adapted to hotter conditions than Bos taurus. Management can minimise the risk of thermal stress by ensuring appropriate breeds of suitably acclimatised cattle, at appropriate stocking densities, fed appropriate diets (and water), and with access to suitable shelter and ventilation are better suited to their expected farm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Shephard
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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187
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Stephen MA, Burke CR, Steele N, Pryce JE, Meier S, Amer PR, Phyn CVC, Garrick DJ. Genome-wide association study of anogenital distance and its (co)variances with fertility in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7846-7860. [PMID: 37641287 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Anogenital distance (AGD) is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured at a young age that may provide an opportunity to indirectly select for improved fertility in dairy cattle. In this study, we characterized AGD and its genetic and phenotypic relationships with a range of body stature and fertility traits. We measured AGD, shoulder height, body length, and body weight in a population of 5,010 Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbred heifers at approximately 11 mo of age (AGD1). These animals were born in 2018 across 54 seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy herds. A second measure of AGD was collected in a subset of herds (n = 17; 1,956 animals) when the animals averaged 29 mo of age (AGD2). Fertility measures included age at puberty (AGEP), then time of calving, breeding, and pregnancy during the first and second lactations. We constructed binary traits reflecting the animal's ability to calve during the first 42 d of their herd's seasonal calving period (CR42), be presented for breeding during the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period (PB21) and become pregnant during the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period (PR42). The posterior mean of sampled heritabilities for AGD1 was 0.23, with 90% of samples falling within a credibility interval (90% CRI) of 0.20 to 0.26, whereas the heritability of AGD2 was 0.29 (90% CRI 0.24 to 0.34). The relationship between AGD1 and AGD2 was highly positive, with a genetic correlation of 0.89 (90% CRI 0.82 to 0.94). Using a GWAS analysis of 2,460 genomic windows based on 50k genotype data, we detected a region on chromosome 20 that was highly associated with variation in AGD1, and a second region on chromosome 13 that was moderately associated with variation in AGD1. We did not detect any genomic regions associated with AGD2 which was measured in fewer animals. The genetic correlation between AGD1 and AGEP was 0.10 (90% CRI 0.00 to 0.19), whereas the genetic correlation between AGD2 and AGEP was 0.30 (90% CRI 0.15 to 0.44). The timing of calving, breeding, and pregnancy (CR42, PB21, and PR42) during first or second lactations exhibited moderate genetic relationships with AGD1 (0.19 to 0.52) and AGD2 (0.46 to 0.63). Genetic correlations between AGD and body stature traits were weak (≤0.16). We conclude that AGD is a moderately heritable trait, which may have value as an early-in-life genetic predictor for reproductive success during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stephen
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - N Steele
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J E Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | | | - C V C Phyn
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D J Garrick
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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188
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Zhang N, Baker EC, Welsh TH, Riley DG. Telomere Dynamics in Livestock. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1389. [PMID: 37997988 PMCID: PMC10669808 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are repeated sequences of nucleotides at the end of chromosomes. They deteriorate across mitotic divisions of a cell. In Homo sapiens this process of lifetime reduction has been shown to correspond with aspects of organismal aging and exposure to stress or other insults. The early impetus to characterize telomere dynamics in livestock related to the concern that aged donor DNA would result in earlier cell senescence and overall aging in cloned animals. Telomere length investigations in dairy cows included breed effects, estimates of additive genetic control (heritability 0.12 to 0.46), and effects of external stressors on telomere degradation across animal life. Evaluation of telomeres with respect to aging has also been conducted in pigs and horses, and there are fewer reports of telomere biology in beef cattle, sheep, and goats. There were minimal associations of telomere length with animal productivity measures. Most, but not all, work in livestock has documented an inverse relationship between peripheral blood cell telomere length and age; that is, a longer telomere length was associated with younger age. Because livestock longevity affects productivity and profitability, the role of tissue-specific telomere attrition in aging may present alternative improvement strategies for genetic improvement while also providing translational biomedical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.Z.); (T.H.W.J.)
| | - Emilie C. Baker
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA;
| | - Thomas H. Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.Z.); (T.H.W.J.)
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David G. Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.Z.); (T.H.W.J.)
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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189
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Daneshi M, Caton JS, Caixeta LS, Eftekhari Z, Ward AK. Expression, Regulation, and Function of β-Defensins in the Bovine Mammary Glands: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3372. [PMID: 37958127 PMCID: PMC10650070 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in the innate immune defense of bovines. They are constitutively expressed in mammary glands and induced differently in response to pathogens. Their expression is influenced by various factors, including hormones, plant-derived compounds, and dietary energy imbalance. The toll-like receptors (TLRs)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway plays a crucial role in β-defensin induction, while alternative pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and epigenetic regulation also make substantial contributions. β-Defensins exhibit bactericidal activity against a wide range of pathogens, including two major mastitis pathogens, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), primarily through membrane disruption. β-Defensins have low cytotoxicity to host cells and demonstrate immunomodulatory properties, and pathogens also display minimal resistance to these AMPs. Given the increasing concern in antimicrobial resistance, the potential of β-defensins as natural antimicrobials has garnered considerable attention. This article provides an overview of the characteristics of bovine β-defensins, their expression pathways, their mode of action, and factors influencing their expression in the mammary glands of cattle. Additionally, it identifies the current gaps in research within this field and suggests areas that require further investigation. Understanding the regulation and function of β-defensins offers valuable insights to develop effective strategies for strengthening the immune system of mammary glands, reducing the reliance on synthetic antimicrobials, and explore novel natural antimicrobial alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Daneshi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Luciano S. Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Zohre Eftekhari
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
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Punyapornwithaya V, Salvador R, Modethed W, Arjkumpa O, Jarassaeng C, Limon G, Gubbins S. Estimating the Transmission Kernel for Lumpy Skin Disease Virus from Data on Outbreaks in Thailand in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:2196. [PMID: 38005874 PMCID: PMC10675364 DOI: 10.3390/v15112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nationwide outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) were observed in Thailand in 2021. A better understanding of its disease transmission is crucial. This study utilized a kernel-based approach to characterize the transmission of LSD between cattle herds. Outbreak data from the Khon Kaen and Lamphun provinces in Thailand were used to estimate transmission kernels for each province. The results showed that the majority of herd-to-herd transmission occurs over short distances. For Khon Kaen, the median transmission distance from the donor herd was estimated to be between 0.3 and 0.8 km, while for Lamphun, it ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 km. The results imply the critical role that insects may play as vectors in the transmission of LSD within the two study areas. This is the first study to estimate transmission kernels from data on LSD outbreaks in Thailand. The findings from this study offer valuable insights into the spatial transmission of this disease, which will be useful in developing prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Research Center of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Roderick Salvador
- College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines;
| | - Wittawat Modethed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Orapun Arjkumpa
- Animal Health Section, The 4th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen 40260, Thailand;
| | - Chaiwat Jarassaeng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Georgina Limon
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK;
| | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK;
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191
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Iduu N, Barua S, Falkenberg S, Armstrong C, Stockler JW, Moye A, Walz PH, Wang C. Theileria orientalis Ikeda in Cattle, Alabama, USA. Vet Sci 2023; 10:638. [PMID: 37999461 PMCID: PMC10674541 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype, a parasite causing a disease in cattle that leads to significant economic challenges in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia, has been identified in seven U.S. States since 2017. Two previously validated PCR tests for Theileria followed by DNA sequencing were performed to test blood samples collected from 219 cattle in Alabama, USA, during the period of 2022-2023. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing revealed that the MPSP gene sequences (639-660 bp) from two cattle in Lee and Mobile Counties of Alabama exhibited a 100% match with those of recognized T. orientalis Ikeda strains, and showed similarities ranging from 76% to 88% with ten other T. orientalis genotypes. A high copy number of T. orientalis Ikeda was detected in the blood of infected cattle (ALP-1: 1.7 × 105 and 1.3 × 106/mL whole blood, six months apart; ALP-2: 7.1 × 106/mL whole blood). Although the confirmed competent vector for T. orientalis Ikeda, Haemaphysalis longicornis tick, has not yet been identified in Alabama, the persistent nature of T. orientalis Ikeda infection and the detection of a high pathogen burden in seemingly healthy cattle in this study suggest that other tick species, as well as shared needles and dehorning procedures, could facilitate pathogen transmission within the herd. Continued investigations are necessary for the surveillance of T. orientalis Ikeda and Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Alabama and other U.S. states, along with assessing the pathogenicity of T. orientalis Ikeda infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Iduu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Shollie Falkenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Chance Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.A.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Jenna Workman Stockler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.A.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Annie Moye
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA;
| | - Paul H. Walz
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA;
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Zago FC, Schütz LF, Gerger RPDC, de Aguiar LH, Pinzón-Osorio CA, Mezzallira A, Rodrigues JL, Forell F, Bertolini M. In vitro and in vivo embryo production efficiency in Flemish and Holstein donor females. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230080. [PMID: 38025999 PMCID: PMC10681134 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare embryo production efficiency in Flemish and Holstein donor females using ovum pick-up and in vitro fertilization (OPU-IVF) or in vivo production (superovulation; SOV) procedures. The study was conducted using a split-plot design, with eight Flemish and eight Holstein non-lactating cycling females. Females were subjected to ten weekly OPU/IVF sessions and/or two SOV/embryo collections sessions at a 63-day interval, for a total of 160 OPU-IVF and 32 SOV sessions. Mean numbers of follicles and corpora lutea, and cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) recovery rates were similar between breeds after the OPU and SOV sessions. However, Flemish donors yielded better quality grade II COCs (301, 41.9%) than Holstein females (609, and 202, 33.1%). Also, cleavage and blastocyst rates, and the total number and the mean number of viable embryos obtained after OPU-IVF were higher in Flemish (49.6% and 11.8%, and 63 and 11.8 per donor, respectively) than in Holstein (32.8% and 7.2%, and 34 and 7.2 per donor, respectively) females. Flemish females were also more efficient in yielding viable embryos after SOV (111, 7.3 per donor) than Holstein (48, 3.3 per donor) females. Overall, Flemish donor females had better responses to OPU-IVF or SOV procedures than Holstein counterparts. Irrespective of the breeds, SOV procedures were more efficient than OPU-IVF in yielding more viable embryos, under the conditions of this study. Both reproductive procedures were useful tools for the genetic conservation of the Flemish cattle breed in Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Carminatti Zago
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - Luís Fernando Schütz
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | | | - Luís Henrique de Aguiar
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Alceu Mezzallira
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - José Luiz Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Forell
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Pavulraj S, Stout RW, Barras ED, Paulsen DB, Chowdhury SI. A Novel Quadruple Gene-Deleted BoHV-1-Vectored RVFV Subunit Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Rift Valley Fever in Calves. Viruses 2023; 15:2183. [PMID: 38005861 PMCID: PMC10674938 DOI: 10.3390/v15112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is considered to be a high biodefense priority based on its threat to livestock and its ability to cause human hemorrhagic fever. RVFV-infected livestock are also a significant risk factor for human infection by direct contact with contaminated blood, tissues, and aborted fetal materials. Therefore, livestock vaccination in the affected regions has the direct dual benefit and one-health approach of protecting the lives of millions of animals and eliminating the risk of severe and sometimes lethal human Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease. Recently, we have developed a bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) quadruple gene mutant virus (BoHV-1qmv) vector that lacks virulence and immunosuppressive properties due to the deletion of envelope proteins UL49.5, glycoprotein G (gG), gE cytoplasmic tail, and US9 coding sequences. In the current study, we engineered the BoHV-1qmv further by incorporating a chimeric gene sequence to express a proteolytically cleavable polyprotein: RVFV envelope proteins Gn ectodomain sequence fused with bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and Gc, resulting in a live BoHV-1qmv-vectored subunit vaccine against RVFV for livestock. In vitro, the resulting recombinant virus, BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV, was replicated in cell culture with high titers. The chimeric Gn-GMCSF and Gc proteins expressed by the vaccine virus formed the Gn-Gc complex. In calves, the BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV vaccination was safe and induced moderate levels of the RVFV vaccine strain, MP12-specific neutralizing antibody titers. Additionally, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the vaccinated calves had six-fold increased levels of interferon-gamma transcription compared with that of the BoHV-1qmv (vector)-vaccinated calves when stimulated with heat-inactivated MP12 antigen in vitro. Based on these findings, we believe that a single dose of BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV vaccine generated a protective RVFV-MP12-specific humoral and cellular immune response. Therefore, the BoHV-1qmv sub-RVFV can potentially be a protective subunit vaccine for cattle against RVFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shafiqul I. Chowdhury
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.P.); (R.W.S.); (E.D.B.); (D.B.P.)
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194
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Ciui S, Morar A, Tîrziu E, Herman V, Ban-Cucerzan A, Popa SA, Morar D, Imre M, Olariu-Jurca A, Imre K. Causes of Post-Mortem Carcass and Organ Condemnations and Economic Loss Assessment in a Cattle Slaughterhouse. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3339. [PMID: 37958094 PMCID: PMC10648126 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the main causes of carcass and organ condemnations, as well as to estimate the financial losses suffered by a cattle slaughterhouse. In this regard, an active abattoir survey, based on standard post-mortem inspection procedures for meat, was conducted on 151,741 cattle, from January 2021 to December 2022. Overall, 13.27% (n = 20,125) of the carcasses expressed lesions or pathological conditions and, out of them, 1.15% (n = 1738) were totally confiscated, while another 12.12% (n = 18,387) were partially admitted for human consumption. In the case of organs, the general inspection data reveal that 12.28% (n = 18,630), 7.56% (n = 11,477), 1.89% (n = 2862), and 0.27% (n = 412) of the examined liver, lung, heart, and kidney specimens presented one or more types of abnormalities. In addition, regarding the types of specific pathological findings, dystrophies/anomalies (69.8%), circulatory disorders (40.6%), fecal contamination (60.9%), and suspected bacterial/viral infections showed a dominant occurrence in the liver, lung, heart, and kidneys, respectively. Consequently, the total direct financial losses resulting from edible part condemnation over the two years was estimated at EUR 4,021,717.3, which represents 1.17% of the total achievable net revenue without carcass and organ condemnation. Of this, EUR 3,661,400.4 (1.07%) and EUR 360,316.9 (8.73%) was related to carcass and organ condemnation, respectively. The study results demonstrate that the post-mortem inspection of meat at the slaughterhouse level plays a crucial role in identifying pathological lesions, in addition to some other issues, such as fecal contamination or non-compliant laboratory results, relevant to both public health and economic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ciui
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
| | - Adriana Morar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Viorel Herman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ban-Cucerzan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Sebastian Alexandru Popa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Doru Morar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Imre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Olariu-Jurca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (S.C.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.B.-C.); (S.A.P.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (A.O.-J.)
- Research Institute for Biosecurity and Bioengineering, University of Life Sciences ‘’King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
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Pyrek P, Bednarski M, Popiel J, Siedlecka M, Karwańska M. Genetic Evaluation of Bovine Papillomavirus Types Associated with Teat Papillomatosis in Polish Dairy Cattle with the Report of a New Putative Type. Pathogens 2023; 12:1278. [PMID: 38003743 PMCID: PMC10674157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Teat papillomatosis is reported to be one of the factors causing mastitis and milk losses in dairy cattle. Little is known about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) circulation in the European cattle population, and no reports can yet be found about its prevalence in Polish herds. In this study, 177 BPV-like lesions were collected from teats of 109 slaughtered cows. BPV was identified in 39 of the examined animals, using PCR amplification and Sanger dideoxy sequencing. In total, 10 BPV types were isolated, among which the most common were infections caused by types 8 and 7. Macroscopically, "rice-grain" type lesions dominated (76%) and were mainly found on one teat (57.4%). The diversity of BPV types causing teat papillomatosis in Polish cows seems to be large, with nine already known types isolated and a new putative type found. The spread of new types among the worldwide cattle population can be seen for the first time, as type 25 and so called isolates BPV42 and BPV43 were found in the European cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pyrek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences (PRODMED), Norwegian University of Life Science, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Michał Bednarski
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.B.); (M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jarosław Popiel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Siedlecka
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.B.); (M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Karwańska
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.B.); (M.S.); (M.K.)
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196
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Navarro León AI, Muñoz M, Iglesias N, Blanco-Vázquez C, Balseiro A, Milhano Santos F, Ciordia S, Corrales FJ, Iglesias T, Casais R. Proteomic Serum Profiling of Holstein Friesian Cows with Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis Reveals Changes in the Acute-Phase Response and Lipid Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37863471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The lack of sensitive diagnostic methods to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) subclinical infections has hindered the control of paratuberculosis (PTB). The serum proteomic profiles of naturally infected cows presenting focal and diffuse pathological forms of PTB and negative controls (n = 4 per group) were analyzed using TMT-6plex quantitative proteomics. Focal and diffuse are the most frequent pathological forms in subclinical and clinical stages of PTB, respectively. One (focal versus (vs.) control), eight (diffuse vs. control), and four (focal vs. diffuse) differentially abundant (DA) proteins (q-value < 0.05) were identified. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the DA proteins revealed changes in the acute-phase response and lipid metabolism. Six candidate biomarkers were selected for further validation by specific ELISA using serum from animals with focal, multifocal, and diffuse PTB-associated lesions (n = 108) and controls (n = 56). Overall, the trends of the serum expression levels of the selected proteins were consistent with the proteomic results. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1)-based ELISA, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2)-based ELISA, and the anti-Map ELISA had the best diagnostic performance for detection of animals with focal, multifocal, and diffuse lesions, respectively. Our findings identify potential biomarkers that improve diagnostic sensitivity of PTB and help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in PTB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Isabel Navarro León
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Iglesias
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Vázquez
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Proteored-ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Proteored-ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Proteored-ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Iglesias
- Unidad de Consultoría Estadística, Servicios Científico-técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus de Gijón, 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
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Davidovich C, Awwad A, Fleker M, Weisblit L, Cytryn E, Blum SE. Complete genome sequence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain Bnaya isolated from a dairy calf in Israel. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0035123. [PMID: 37787537 PMCID: PMC10586145 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00351-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports the complete genome sequence of a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain (designated "Bnaya"), isolated from a dead dairy calf with severe diarrhea in Israel. The isolate exhibited multi-drug resistance, which is highly unusual in bovine Salmonella spp. in Israel, prompting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chagai Davidovich
- Water and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon-Lezion, Israel
- Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aya Awwad
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marcelo Fleker
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Limor Weisblit
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Water and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Soil, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon-Lezion, Israel
| | - Shlomo E. Blum
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
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198
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TERASHI Y, HIRATA Y, ASAI T. Antimicrobial usage surveys using electronic medical records in cattle practice in Gifu Prefecture. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1106-1109. [PMID: 37648458 PMCID: PMC10600527 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the majority of antimicrobial treatments for cattle in Japan are prescribed by veterinarians, medical record information can be useful in clarifying the amount and purpose of antimicrobial use. In this study, we examined their amount and purpose in cattle practices in Gifu Prefecture. In cattle, approximately 85% of the antimicrobials are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal (50.4%) and respiratory diseases (34.4%). The main antimicrobials were sulfonamides (27.1 kg, 49.2%), followed by amphenicols (11.9 kg, 21.7%). As for second-line antimicrobials for veterinary treatment, fluoroquinolones, a third-generation cephalosporins, and 15 membered-ring macrolides, accounted for 5.6%, 0.1%, and 0.9% of all antimicrobials, respectively. Thus, medical record information may represent the actual situation of not only antimicrobial use, but also the significance of the disease in local regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo TERASHI
- Gifu Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center,
Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo ASAI
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United
Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu
University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan
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199
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FUJIHARA M, HAYASHI M, HARA K, SAKAZUME N, TSUKUDA T, TAGAINO Y. Verification of different methods used for isolating Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin from cattle feces. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1077-1082. [PMID: 37673592 PMCID: PMC10600525 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin is a cattle-adapted serovar, and some infected cattle can become asymptomatic carriers. Identification of carrier animals is important for preventing the spread of infection within a farm, but low diagnostic sensitivity of the fecal culture method is problematic. In this study, we investigated isolation methods of four S. enterica Dublin strains. Selective enrichment using the tetrathionate broth showed better performance than Rappaport-Vassiliadis R10 broth, but one of the strains was not detectable. Since isolation of such strains by selective enrichment can be difficult, we designed a method using immuno-plates that concentrates S. enterica Dublin by antigen-antibody reaction. Our method is able to detect approximately 200 clony-forming units of S. enterica Dublin in 0.1 g of cattle feces. If S. enterica Dublin was isolated from cattle with clinical signs, the method to identify carriers in the farm should be based on the growth kinetics of the target S. enterica Dublin strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika HAYASHI
- Hokkaido Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hokkaido,
Japan
| | - Kiwako HARA
- Hokkaido Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hokkaido,
Japan
| | - Noriko SAKAZUME
- Hokkaido Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hokkaido,
Japan
| | - Takuma TSUKUDA
- Hokkaido Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hokkaido,
Japan
| | - Yuuka TAGAINO
- Hokkaido Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hokkaido,
Japan
- Hokkiado Livestock Farming Promotion Division, Hokkaido,
Japan
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200
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HASHIGUCHI M, SUGI S, MIZUNO Y, HOSHINOO K, KOKUHO T, SHIBAHARA T. Citrobacter koseri related abortion and fetal septicemia in cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1094-1098. [PMID: 37661420 PMCID: PMC10600529 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 31-month-old Holstein dairy cow aborted at 224 days of gestation with ejection of cheese-like lochia. Citrobacter koseri, which commonly exists in the normal flora of human and animal digestive tracts, was isolated from aborted fetal tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, cerebrum, and skeletal muscle) and fetal membranes. Histopathological examination revealed suppurative fibrinous meningoencephalitis of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem; suppurative bronchopneumonia; suppurative chorioamnionitis; and fibrous splenic serositis. Numerous gram-negative bacilli were detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages and/or neutrophils in these lesions. Bacteriological investigation and immunohistochemical staining identified the bacilli as C. koseri. This is the first report of cattle abortion caused by C. koseri infection in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miteki HASHIGUCHI
- Kumamoto Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service
Office, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji SUGI
- Kumamoto Prefectural Office, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshino MIZUNO
- Kumamoto Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service
Office, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kaori HOSHINOO
- Department of Animal Disease Control and Prevention,
National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
(NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiro KOKUHO
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of
Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal
Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kagoshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan
University, Osaka, Japan
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