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Sziller I, Babula O, Ujházy A, Nagy B, Hupuczi P, Papp Z, Linhares IM, Ledger WJ, Witkin SS. Chlamydia trachomatis infection, Fallopian tube damage and a mannose-binding lectin codon 54 gene polymorphism. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:1861-5. [PMID: 17496053 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a component of the innate immune system, provides a first-line defense against invading microorganisms. Polymorphisms in the MBL gene have been associated with increased risk of infection. Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infections are a major cause of Fallopian tube occlusion. Our objective was to test whether an MBL codon 54 polymorphism might contribute to development of C. trachomatis-associated tubal damage. METHODS In a case-control study, 97 women with occluded and 104 women with patent Fallopian tubes were tested for a history of chlamydial infection by serology and for their MBL codon 54 genotype by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Clinical data were blinded to those performing all laboratory analyses. RESULTS Women with tubal occlusion who also had a positive chlamydial serology had the highest rate of variant MBL B allele carriage (P<0.001). Among women who were chlamydial antibody negative, allele B carriage was also more frequent in those with blocked, as opposed to patent, Fallopian tubes (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Wild-type allele A homozygosity is protective against, while carriage of the variant allele B is a risk factor for, Fallopian tube occlusion in women who are seropositive or seronegative for C. trachomatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sziller
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Baross utca 27, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.
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202
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Gremlich S, Nguyen D, Reymondin D, Hohlfeld P, Vial Y, Witkin SS, Gerber S. Fetal MMP2/MMP9 polymorphisms and intrauterine growth restriction risk. J Reprod Immunol 2007; 74:143-51. [PMID: 17367869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poor embryo implantation can lead to poor feto-maternal exchanges and intrauterine growth restriction. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 are highly involved in early embryo implantation and three functional polymorphisms have been described for these genes: MMP2 C-1306T, MMP9 C-1562T and MMP9 (CA)n repeat. We evaluated therefore the association between fetal genotype for these mutations and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from 44 IUGR cases and 98 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls at 15-17 weeks gestation, and analyzed by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion or direct analysis on a Genetic Analyzer. Fetal MMP2 C-1306T mutation rate was higher within the IUGR than AGA population (P=0.001). The risk of IUGR occurrence was increased both in CT (OR=3.603; 95% CI=1.577-8.231; P=0.004) and TT carriers (OR=3.391; 95% CI=0.786-14.630; P=0.102), compared to the normal CC genotype. On the other side, fetal allele frequencies and genotype distributions for MMP9 C-1562T and MMP9 (CA)n were similar between the IUGR and AGA populations. We conclude that fetal MMP2 -1306 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with an increased risk for IUGR, but not MMP9 -1562 SNP nor MMP9 microsatellite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Gremlich
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHUV Hospital, Av. Pierre-Decker 2, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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203
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Sziller I, Babula O, Hupuczi P, Nagy B, Rigó B, Szabó G, Papp Z, Linhares IM, Witkin SS. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) codon 54 gene polymorphism protects against development of pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and pre-eclampsia-associated intrauterine growth restriction. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13:281-5. [PMID: 17314117 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gam003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient invasion of the spiral arteries by trophoblast cells is associated with the etiology of pre-eclampsia, the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet counts (HELLP) and pre-eclampsia-associated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a component of the innate immune system. MBL-mediated activation of the complement cascade is an important event in the destruction of invading trophoblasts. The gene coding for MBL is polymorphic, and variant alleles result in greatly reduced circulating MBL levels. The aim of this study was to test the association between an MBL polymorphism and pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and IUGR. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs of 51 women with pre-eclampsia, 81 women with HELLP syndrome and 184 healthy pregnant controls. Aliquots were tested for a single nucleotide MBL gene polymorphism at codon 54 by PCR and endonuclease digestion. Homozygosity for the wild-type allele was more frequent in patients with pre-eclampsia (P = 0.04) and HELLP syndrome (P = 0.02) when compared with controls. The presence of the variant allele was more prevalent among controls than in women with pre-eclampsia (P = 0.02) or HELLP syndrome (P = 0.028). Twenty-two (55%) patients with pre-eclampsia and 43 (53%) women with HELLP syndrome delivered an IUGR neonate. MBL-54 heterozygosity was more frequent in controls (27.2%) than in pre-eclamptic women (4.5%, P = 0.025) and those with HELLP syndrome (11.7%, P = 0.05) who delivered an IUGR neonate. Genotype frequencies of neonates born to mothers in all study groups were similar. Carriage of the MBL codon 54 polymorphism protects against pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and IUGR and implies that an MBL-mediated event might be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sziller
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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204
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Witkin SS, Linhares IM, Giraldo P, Ledger WJ. An altered immunity hypothesis for the development of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:554-7. [PMID: 17243059 DOI: 10.1086/511045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is advanced that the transition from a Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microflora to a microflora characteristic of bacterial vaginosis (BV), as well as development of the adverse consequences of BV in some women but not in others, are due to alterations in innate immunity. A microbial-induced inhibition of Toll-like receptor expression and/or activity may block induction of proinflammatory immunity and lead to the proliferation of atypical vaginal bacteria. A lack of 70-kDa heat-shock protein production and release in response to abnormal flora would compound this failure to activate antimicrobial immune responses. A deficit in vaginal mannose-binding lectin concentrations would further decrease the capacity for microbial killing and increase the likelihood of bacterial migration from the vagina to the upper genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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205
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Witkin SS. Allergy and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:e27; author reply e27-8. [PMID: 16824458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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206
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Sadowsky DW, Adams KM, Gravett MG, Witkin SS, Novy MJ. Preterm labor is induced by intraamniotic infusions of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by interleukin-6 or interleukin-8 in a nonhuman primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:1578-89. [PMID: 17132473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of individual proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to the triggering of preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN Eighteen chronically instrumented pregnant rhesus monkeys at 135 +/- 3 days gestation (term = 167 days) received 1 of 5 intraamniotic infusions: (1) interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (10 microg; n = 5), (2) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (10-100 microg; n = 5), (3) IL-6 (20 microg twice a day; n = 2), (4) IL-8 (20 microg twice a day; n = 2), and (5) saline control (n = 4). Primary study outcomes were the mean uterine hourly contraction area (mm Hg x s/h) in 24 hours during peak response to cytokine infusion (all groups) and the interval from cytokine infusion until labor onset (IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 groups). Secondary outcomes were quantities of amniotic fluid cytokines and chemokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8), prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha, leukocytes, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Histopathology of fetal lungs and placental membranes was assessed. RESULTS IL-1beta stimulated the most intense contraction patterns, resulting in preterm labor in all cases. TNF-alpha induced a variable degree of uterine activity among individual animals stimulating either preterm labor (n = 2) or a uterine contraction pattern of moderate intensity (n = 3). Despite prolonged elevations in amniotic fluid levels, neither IL-6 nor IL-8 induced preterm labor or an increase in uterine activity until near term. The mean interval from the initiation of IL-6 and IL-8 infusion to the onset of labor was significantly longer than after IL-1beta (21.9 vs 1.1 days; P < .01), and did not differ from the saline control group (27.6 days; P = NS). Intraamniotic infusion of IL-1beta or TNF-alpha was associated with significant elevations in all tested amniotic fluid cytokines, IL-8, prostaglandins, MMP-9 and leukocytes compared with gestational age-matched saline controls. IL-6 and IL-8 infusions were not associated with increases in IL-1beta or TNF-alpha and only produced a moderate increase in amniotic fluid prostaglandins. All cytokine infusions induced histologic chorioamnionitis and an accumulation of neutrophils in fetal lungs. CONCLUSION Preterm labor was induced by intraamniotic infusions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but not by IL-6 or IL-8 although inflammatory changes in fetal membranes and lungs were uniformly present. Our results indicate a primary role for IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the triggering of preterm labor associated with inflammation or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W Sadowsky
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
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207
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Gelber S, Bongiovanni AM, Jean-Pierre C, Linhares I, Skupski D, Witkin SS. Antibodies to the 70KDA heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid contribute to the regulation of intraamniotic immunity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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208
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Genç MR, Vardhana S, Delaney ML, Witkin SS, Onderdonk AB. TNFA-308G>A polymorphism influences the TNF-alpha response to altered vaginal flora. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 134:188-91. [PMID: 17123692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene polymorphism, vaginal TNF-alpha level, and microbial flora in pregnant women. METHODS Vaginal samples from 203 women at 18-22 weeks' gestation were analyzed for microflora. TNFA-308G>A polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis and TNF-alpha concentration was determined by ELISA. Outcome data were subsequently obtained. RESULTS The vaginal TNF-alpha concentration was elevated in TNFA-308A carriers only in the presence of abnormal vaginal flora. A median TNF-alpha level of 10.94 pg/ml in TNFA-308A carriers with bacterial vaginosis (BV) was significantly higher than that of 1.77 pg/ml in TNFA-308A carriers without BV (P=.02), and 1.72 pg/ml in TNF-308G homozygotes with BV (P=.01). CONCLUSION The TNFA-308G>A polymorphism influences the local TNF-alpha response to altered vaginal microflora. This suggests that the nature of the host response to microbial invasion in the lower female genital is genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genç
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston, MA 02446, USA.
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209
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Abstract
PROBLEM To evaluate vaginal nitric oxide (NO) production in response to alterations in the vaginal microbial flora. METHOD OF STUDY Cervicovaginal lavage samples from 206 women at 18-22 weeks of gestation were tested for NO, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70). Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed based on gram staining of vaginal smears. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Elevated NO (>2.14 mmol/L) was associated with a diagnosis of BV (38% versus 11%, P < 0.008) as well as an increased median vaginal IL-1ra concentration (72.5 ng/ml versus 36.6 ng/ml, P = 0.041). Elevated vaginal NO was also associated with vaginal hsp70 and this relationship was independent of BV status or IL-1ra concentrations (P < 0.026). We conclude that vaginal hsp70 release in response to abnormal vaginal microflora may trigger NO production in an attempt to minimize the pathological consequences of this altered milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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210
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Abstract
The current goal of evidence-based medicine, prospective therapeutic interventions in large numbers of patients, may not always reach an accurate conclusion. Individual variations in genetic characteristics need to be acknowledged and taken into account in the analysis. Some women with recurrent vulvo-vaginal candiosis (RVVC) have polymorphisms in genes that directly contribute to their increased susceptibility to these infections. Similarly, genetic polymorphism analyses of mother and fetus, along with highly sensitive non-culture methods of microbial detection, have identified patients at elevated risk for premature labor and delivery. Utilization of more complete information provides the basis for more specific and individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Ledger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, J-130, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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211
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Spandorfer SD, Bongiovanni AM, Fasioulotis S, Rosenwaks Z, Ledger WJ, Witkin SS. Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and association with outcome. Fertil Steril 2006; 86:765-7. [PMID: 16782096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 01/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected in 17 (16.0%) of 106 patients undergoing treatment for IVF. Human papillomavirus-positive women had a decreased pregnancy rate (4 of 17, 23.5%) as compared with HPV-negative women (51 of 89, 57.0%; P<.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Spandorfer
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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212
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Bachmann GA, Rosen R, Pinn VW, Utian WH, Ayers C, Basson R, Binik YM, Brown C, Foster DC, Gibbons JM, Goldstein I, Graziottin A, Haefner HK, Harlow BL, Spadt SK, Leiblum SR, Masheb RM, Reed BD, Sobel JD, Veasley C, Wesselmann U, Witkin SS. Vulvodynia: a state-of-the-art consensus on definitions, diagnosis and management. J Reprod Med 2006; 51:447-56. [PMID: 16846081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome affecting up to 18% of the female population. Despite its high prevalence and associated distress, the etiology, diagnosis and clinical management of the disorder have not been clearly delineated. This "white paper" describes the findings and recommendations of a consensus conference panel based on a comprehensive review of the published literature on vulvodynia in addition to expert presentations on research findings and clinical management approaches. The consensus panel also identified key topics and issues forfurther research, including the role of inflammatory mechanisms and genetic factors and psychosexual contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Bachmann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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213
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Giraldo P, Gonçalves AKS, Pereira SAS, Barros-Mazon S, Gondo ML, Witkin SS. Human papillomavirus in the oral mucosa of women with genital human papillomavirus lesions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 126:104-6. [PMID: 16324781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. We determined the frequency of HPV in the oral cavity of women with and without genital HPV lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients were seen at the Department of Gynecology, Women's Health Center and the State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil and submitted to a general physical and gynecological examination plus an evaluation of the oral cavity. Detailed histories investigated their sexual practices. HPV in the oral cavity was determined by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers in 70 women presenting with histopathology-confirmed clinical HPV lesions in the genital region and 70 women negative by gynecological, colposcopic and cytological examination for clinical or subclinical HPV lesions. RESULTS Oral HPV was detected in 29 (20.7%) of the subjects. Among the positive women, 26 (89.7%) were also positive for genital HPV as opposed to only 3 (2.7%) who were genital HPV-negative (p < 0.0001). The overall prevalence of HPV in the oral cavity of patients with and without genital HPV was 37.1 and 4.3%, respectively, (p < 0.0001). The presence of oral HPV was unrelated to the practice of fellatio (22% versus 19%). CONCLUSION Patients with HPV genital infection have a greater frequency of HPV in their oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Giraldo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Pathology, The State University of Campinas, School of Medical Sciences, CEP 13092-160 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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214
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Sziller I, Hupuczi P, Normand N, Halmos A, Papp Z, Witkin SS. Fas (TNFRSF6) Gene Polymorphism in Pregnant Women With Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelets and in Their Neonates. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 107:582-7. [PMID: 16507928 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000195824.51919.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate whether an A>G polymorphism at position -670 in the gene coding for Fas (gene symbol TNFRSF6) is associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. METHODS In a retrospective study, buccal swabs from 81 women with the complete form of HELLP syndrome and 83 normotensive control women with uncomplicated full-term pregnancy, and 110 of their neonates, were analyzed for the presence of the TNFRSF6-670 polymorphism. Investigators were blinded to clinical outcomes. RESULTS Pregnant women heterozygous for the TNFRSF6-670 genotype were more likely than those homozygous for TNFRSF6-670*A allele to have HELLP syndrome (P = .01; odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-5.9). Moreover, patients with homozygous carriage of the TNFRSF6-670*G allele were more likely than those homozygous for the wild type of the Fas gene (TNFRSF6-670*A/A) to have HELLP syndrome (P = .006; odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.7-9.8). In contrast, TNFRSF6-670 genotype distribution of neonates born to mothers with HELLP syndrome was not statistically different from that found in neonates born to healthy pregnant women (P = .4). In patients with HELLP syndrome, no association between TNFRSF6 genotype distribution and severity of hemolysis, platelet counts or liver enzymes levels was noted. CONCLUSION A single A>G nucleotide substitution at position -670 in the maternal but not neonatal TNFRSF6 gene coding for Fas is associated with a higher risk for HELLP syndrome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Sziller
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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215
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Jean-Pierre C, Perni SC, Bongiovanni AM, Kalish RB, Karasahan E, Ravich M, Ratushny V, Skupski DW, Witkin SS. Extracellular 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and its effect on cytokine production by ex vivo-cultured amniotic fluid cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194:694-8. [PMID: 16522399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 70-kd heat shock protein is released from cells in response to stress and functions as a regulator of innate immunity. We hypothesized that 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid might regulate local immune system activation. STUDY DESIGN Amniotic fluid that was obtained from 200 women who underwent amniocentesis at 15 to 19 weeks of gestation was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 70-kd heat shock protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta and -6. The amniotic fluid cellular fraction also was evaluated for Mycoplasma hominis by gene amplification. Whole amniotic fluids were incubated ex vivo in medium alone or medium that contained peptidoglycan, a TLR2 ligand, or lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand. After 24 hours, the supernatants were collected and assayed for 70-kd heat shock protein. The influence of exogenous 70-kd heat shock protein on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta and -6 production by whole amniotic fluid was assessed similarly. RESULTS The 70-kd heat shock protein was detected in all amniotic fluids with a median (range) of 11.5 ng/mL (1.2-76.7). The intra-amniotic 70-kd heat shock protein concentration was correlated positively only with amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (P = .0002). Detection of M hominis was associated with an increased 70-kd heat shock protein concentration (median, 17.2 ng/mL; P = .01). The addition of peptidoglycan resulted in a stimulation of 70-kd heat shock protein production, and exogenous 70-kd heat shock protein stimulated the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by amniotic fluid cells. CONCLUSION The 70-kd heat shock protein is released from cells in mid-trimester amniotic fluid as a consequence of TLR2 stimulation and potentiates tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudel Jean-Pierre
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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216
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Chatterjee M, Mohapatra S, Ionan A, Bawa G, Ali-Fehmi R, Wang X, Nowak J, Ye B, Nahhas FA, Lu K, Witkin SS, Fishman D, Munkarah A, Morris R, Levin NK, Shirley NN, Tromp G, Abrams J, Draghici S, Tainsky MA. Diagnostic markers of ovarian cancer by high-throughput antigen cloning and detection on arrays. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1181-90. [PMID: 16424057 PMCID: PMC2546578 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A noninvasive screening test would significantly facilitate early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer. This study used a combination of high-throughput selection and array-based serologic detection of many antigens indicative of the presence of cancer, thereby using the immune system as a biosensor. This high-throughput selection involved biopanning of an ovarian cancer phage display library using serum immunoglobulins from an ovarian cancer patient as bait. Protein macroarrays containing 480 of these selected antigen clones revealed 65 clones that interacted with immunoglobulins in sera from 32 ovarian cancer patients but not with sera from 25 healthy women or 14 patients having other benign or malignant gynecologic diseases. Sequence analysis data of these 65 clones revealed 62 different antigens. Among the markers, we identified some known antigens, including RCAS1, signal recognition protein-19, AHNAK-related sequence, nuclear autoantogenic sperm protein, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (Nibrin), ribosomal protein L4, Homo sapiens KIAA0419 gene product, eukaryotic initiation factor 5A, and casein kinase II, as well as many previously uncharacterized antigenic gene products. Using these 65 antigens on protein microarrays, we trained neural networks on two-color fluorescent detection of serum IgG binding and found an average sensitivity and specificity of 55% and 98%, respectively. In addition, the top 6 of the most specific clones resulted in an average sensitivity and specificity of 32% and 94%, respectively. This global approach to antigenic profiling, epitomics, has applications to cancer and autoimmune diseases for diagnostic and therapeutic studies. Further work with larger panels of antigens should provide a comprehensive set of markers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity suitable for clinical testing in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saroj Mohapatra
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | - Alexei Ionan
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | - Gagandeep Bawa
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University
| | | | - Xiaoju Wang
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | - James Nowak
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | - Bin Ye
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | - Fatimah A. Nahhas
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
| | - David Fishman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adnan Munkarah
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert Morris
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nancy K. Levin
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
| | | | - Gerard Tromp
- Division of Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Judith Abrams
- Integrated Biostatistics Core, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Program in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Wayne State University
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University
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217
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Kalish RB, Vardhana S, Normand NJ, Gupta M, Witkin SS. Association of a maternal CD14 -159 gene polymorphism with preterm premature rupture of membranes and spontaneous preterm birth in multi-fetal pregnancies. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 70:109-17. [PMID: 16427140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD14, the major receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as other microbial antigens, is a component of the innate immune system. We hypothesized that a single nucleotide C>T polymorphism at position -159 in the CD14 gene that results in elevated CD14 production would influence susceptibility to preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) in multi-fetal pregnancies. DNA from 107 mother-twin and three mother-triplet pairs was analyzed. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained after completion of testing. CD14*T homozygosity was present in 39.3% of 28 women whose pregnancies ended with PPROM, as opposed to 18.1% of 72 pregnancies without a SPTB (P=0.03). There was no relation between the fetal CD14 genotype and PPROM. The likelihood ratio (LR) for PPROM was 2.2 for women homozygous for CD14*T. The LR increased to 3.3 and 3.6 if the CD14 polymorphism was present in combination with previously determined maternal polymorphisms in the genes coding for the inducible 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70-2) and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), respectively. Thus, an enhanced maternal pro-inflammatory immune response to LPS may increase susceptibility to PPROM in multi-fetal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Kalish
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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218
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Bongiovanni AM, Jean-Pierre C, Ravich M, Ratushny V, Witkin SS. Toll-like receptor-induced antiviral innate immunity by cells in mid-trimester amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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219
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Perni (F) SC, Jean-Pierre C, Bongiovanni AM, Kalish RB, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Down-regulation of Toll-like-receptor-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine activation by cells in the amniotic cavity: A fetal immune defense mechanism against preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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220
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Perni SC, Vardhana S, Kalish R, Chasen S, Witkin SS. Clara cell protein 16 concentration in mid-trimester amniotic fluid: Association with fetal gender, fetal G>A +38 CC16 gene polymorphism and pregnancy outcome. J Reprod Immunol 2005; 68:85-90. [PMID: 16236364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) is a major immunomodulatory protein produced in the fetal lung. We hypothesized that the mid-trimester amniotic fluid concentration of CC16 would vary according to a +38 CC16 polymorphism in the fetal genome and that increased levels would be an early indicator of subsequent adverse pregnancy outcome. Mid-trimester singleton amniotic fluids from 244 women were assayed for CC16 by ELISA. DNA from fetal cells in 179 amniotic fluids were tested for the A>G polymorphism at position +38 in exon 1 by PCR. Outcome data were obtained from 233 women after completion of laboratory testing. Median CC16 levels were higher in amniotic fluids containing male fetuses than in those with females (p=0.0005). Median amniotic fluid CC16 levels were higher in Hispanics than in Whites and Asians (p<0.05). CC16*G homozygosity was associated with elevated amniotic fluid CC16 concentrations compared to CC16*A homozygotes (p=0.02). Intraamniotic CC16 levels were highest in pregnancies that subsequently resulted in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) (p=0.01). We conclude that mid-trimester intraamniotic CC16 concentrations vary by gender, ethnicity and fetal CC16 gene polymorphism. Elevated CC16 levels are predictive of subsequent development of PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram C Perni
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Box 35, NY 10021, USA
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221
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Perni (F) SC, Jean-Pierre C, Bongiovanni AM, Hutson JM, Kalish RB, Witkin SS. Elevated mid-trimester intraamniotic inflammation in twin pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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222
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Gerber S, Vardhana S, Meagher-Villemure K, Vial Y, Hohlfeld P, Witkin SS. Association between fetal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism and unexplained fetal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:1472-7. [PMID: 16202742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In spite of extensive clinical examinations or autopsies, as many as 15% to 40% of stillbirths remain unexplained. A systemic fetal inflammatory response is an independent risk factor for severe neonatal morbidity, mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. As a major anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) plays a crucial role modulating the proinflammatory response. The gene coding for IL-1ra (IL1RN) is polymorphic. We hypothesized that fetal possession of a specific allele, IL-1RN*2, associated with increased proinflammatory responses, may increase susceptibility to intrauterine fetal death. STUDY DESIGN Fetal kidney cells were obtained from paraffin blocks of 27 unexplained stillbirths. DNA was isolated and tested for IL-1RN genotypes by polymerase chain reaction. As a control group, DNA from 302 live births was also tested. RESULTS There was an enhanced rate of IL-1RN*2 homozygocity, 41%, among unexplained stillbirths compared with the control group, 8.6% (P < .001). Histologic analysis of fetal tissues demonstrated a predominant proinflammatory response in IL-1RN*2 homozygote fetuses. Extensive screening (microbiology, maternal serology, placenta histology) did not identify any specific trigger agent. CONCLUSION There is an association between unexplained stillbirth and fetal homozygous IL1RN*2 carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gerber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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223
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Perni SC, Kalish RB, Hutson JM, Karasahin E, Bongiovanni AM, Ratushny V, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Differential expression of immune system-related components in midtrimester amniotic fluid from singleton and twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:942-6. [PMID: 16157091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated differences between singleton and twin gestations in immune mediators in midtrimester amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN Amniotic fluid from 252 singleton and 46 twin gestations were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, Clara cell protein 16, leptin, and the 70-kDa heat shock protein. A subset of amniotic fluid was also tested for leukemia inhibitory factor, angiogenin, and migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8 and migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS Median concentrations of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, Clara cell protein 16, leptin, and angiogenin were increased in amniotic fluid from twins; median levels of the 70-kDa heat shock protein, leukemia inhibitory factor, migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8, and migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 were highest in amniotic fluid from singletons (P < .001). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of immune activators may contribute to the increased rate of preterm premature rupture of membranes and spontaneous preterm birth in twin populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram C Perni
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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224
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Doh K, Barton PT, Korneeva I, Perni SC, Bongiovanni AM, Tuttle SL, Skupski DW, Witkin SS. Differential vaginal expression of interleukin-1 system cytokines in the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2005; 12:79-85. [PMID: 15739821 PMCID: PMC1784593 DOI: 10.1080/10647440400003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The genital mycoplasmas, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, are commonly identified in the vagina of healthy pregnant women. However, these microorganisms are the most common isolates from the amniotic fluids of women in preterm labor. The mechanisms responsible for vaginal colonization and ascent to the uterus remain undetermined. We evaluated the association between U. urealyticum and M. hominis vaginal colonization and the presence of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 system components in asymptomatic pregnant women of different ethnicities. METHODS: Vaginal specimens, obtained from 224 first trimester pregnant women, were assayed for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentrations by ELISA. U. urealyticum and M. hominis vaginal colonization were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Vaginal colonization with M. hominis was identified in 37 (16.5%) women, and was more prevalent in black (18.9%) and Hispanic (20.9%) than in white (4.2%) women (p = 0.01). U. urealyticum was present in 84 (37.5%) women and there was no ethnic disparity in its detection. M. hominis colonization was associated with elevated median vaginal IL-1beta concentrations in both black women (p = 0.02) and Hispanic women (p = 0.04), and was unrelated to vaginal IL-1ra concentrations. In marked contrast, U. urealyticum colonization was associated with elevations in vaginal IL-1ra levels, but not with IL-1beta concentrations, in black women (p = 0.02) and Hispanic women (p < 0.0001) and marginally in white women (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: M. hominis colonization in healthy pregnant women is associated with localized pro-inflammatory immune activation, while U. urealyticum colonization is associated with immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Doh
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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225
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Babula O, Lazdāne G, Kroica J, Linhares IM, Ledger WJ, Witkin SS. Frequency of interleukin-4 (IL-4) -589 gene polymorphism and vaginal concentrations of IL-4, nitric oxide, and mannose-binding lectin in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1258-62. [PMID: 15825027 DOI: 10.1086/429246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A C-->T substitution at position -589 in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene is associated with increased production of IL-4. Associations between this polymorphism and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), as well as vaginal concentrations of IL-4 and the anticandidal compounds nitric oxide (NO) and mannose binding lectin (MBL), were evaluated. METHODS Vaginal samples obtained by lavage from 42 women with RVVC during the acute stage of the disease and 43 control samples were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-4 and NO metabolites. The -589 IL-4 gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman rank correlation. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Candida albicans was identified in 38 patients with RVVC; 3 others had infection due to Candida tropicalis, and 1 had infection due to Candida krusei. The IL-4 T,T genotype was detected in 59.5% of patients with RVVC and in 7.0% of control subjects (P < .0001). The frequency of IL-4*T was 76.2% in patients with RVVC and 23.3% in control subjects (P < .0001). The median concentration of vaginal IL-4 was elevated in patients with RVVC, compared with control subjects (P < .0001). Conversely, vaginal concentrations of NO metabolites (P = .02) and MBL (P < .0001) were reduced in patients with RVVC. There was a positive association between IL-4*T homozygosity and vaginal IL-4 levels (P < .0001) and negative associations between this genotype and vaginal NO (P = .01) and MBL (P < .0001) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Reduced vaginal levels of anticandidal factors in IL-4*T homozygotes may increase susceptibility to RVVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Babula
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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226
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Genç MR, Karaşahin E, Onderdonk AB, Bongiovanni AM, Delaney ML, Witkin SS. Association between vaginal 70-kd heat shock protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and microbial flora in mid trimester pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:916-21. [PMID: 15746691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association among the inducible 70-kd heat shock protein, cytokines, and microbial flora in the vagina in mid trimester pregnant women and subsequent preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN Vaginal samples from 205 pregnant women, which were collected at 18 to 22 weeks of gestation, were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative vaginal microflora and for 70-kd heat shock protein, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained subsequently. RESULTS The 70-kd heat shock protein was detected in 38 vaginal samples (18.5%). Its presence was associated with elevated vaginal pH, a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and elevated interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels (P < .001). Among women with bacterial vaginosis, 70-kd heat shock protein-positive subjects had a >80% increase in median vaginal concentration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (P < .05). CONCLUSION Vaginal 70-kd heat shock protein expression is associated with the down-regulation of the proinflammatory immune response to abnormal vaginal flora in mid trimester pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genç
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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227
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Sziller I, Nguyen D, Halmos A, Hupuczi P, Papp Z, Witkin SS. An A > G polymorphism at position -670 in the Fas (TNFRSF6) gene in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Mol Hum Reprod 2005; 11:207-10. [PMID: 15695771 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-mediated apoptosis of maternal lymphocytes during pregnancy has been postulated to prevent the development of pre-eclampsia. A single adenine (A) to guanine (G) polymorphism at position -670 in the Fas gene (TNFRSF6) results in decreased Fas synthesis. The association between this polymorphism and pre-eclampsia in Hungarian women was investigated. In a case-control study, buccal swabs from 38 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 89 normotensive controls were analysed for the TNFRSF6-670 polymorphism. Investigators were blinded to clinical outcomes. Maternal homozygosity for the TNFRSF6-670*A occurred in 33 (37.1%) normotensive pregnant women as compared to only 5 (16.1%) of 31 pre-eclamptic pregnant women who delivered at < 37 weeks gestation (P = 0.04). The carriage rate of the TNFRSF6-670*G variant was also higher among these patients (59.7%) than among normotensive controls (42.1%; P = 0.01). There was no relation between the polymorphism and the pre-eclampsia diagnosed at > or = 37 weeks. Among pre-eclamptic patients with an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) neonate, eight (57.2%) were TNFRSF6-670*G homozygous as opposed to 3 (17.6%) of 17 pre-eclamptics who did not have IUGR (P = 0.03) and 19 (21.3%) normotensive controls (P = 0.008). Carriage of the TNFRSF6-670 polymorphism in the neonate was not associated with pre-eclampsia or IUGR. Maternal possession of the TNFRSF6-670*G increases the risk for pre-eclampsia and pre-eclampsia-associated IUGR in women who deliver at < 37 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Sziller
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
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228
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Abstract
AIMS The association between alleles at two loci of the polymorphic beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) gene and pregnancy outcome was determined. METHODS In a case-control study, buccal swabs obtained from 159 mother-infant pairs after a preterm or term birth were analyzed by gene amplification and endonuclease digestion for polymorphisms at codons 16 and 27 of the beta2AR gene. RESULTS Homozygosity for allele A at codon 16 (Arg-16) occurred in 26 (20.5%) of 127 mothers with a term birth and in none of the mothers who had a spontaneous preterm birth (p=0.002). Conversely, 24 of 32 (75.0%) mothers with a spontaneous preterm birth, as compared to 58 of 127 (45.7%) mothers with term births, were Arg-16/ allele G (Gly-16) heterozygotes (p=0.003). There was no relation between pregnancy outcome and infant genotype at codon 16 or maternal or infant genotypes at codon 27. The alleles at codon 16 and 27 were in linkage disequilibrium and the combinations of Arg-16-Gln-27 homozygosity (p=0.04) and Arg-16/Gly-16-Gln homozygous (p=0.01) were associated with a decreased and increased rate of spontaneous preterm birth, respectively. CONCLUSION At codon 16 of the beta2-AR gene, maternal Arg-16 homozygosity protects against, and Gly-16 predisposes to spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Doh
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, U.S.A
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229
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Kalish RB, Nguyen DP, Vardhana S, Gupta M, Perni SC, Witkin SS. A single nucleotide A>G polymorphism at position -670 in the Fas gene promoter: relationship to preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes in multifetal pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:208-12. [PMID: 15672026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between a polymorphism at position -670 in the Fas gene (TNFRSF6) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in multifetal pregnancies was examined. METHODS Buccal swabs from 119 mother-infant sets were analyzed for an adenine (A) to guanine (G) substitution at position -670 in the TNFRSF6 promoter. Pregnancy outcome data were subsequently obtained. Analysis was by Fisher exact test. RESULTS Maternal allele G homozygosity (TNFRSF6*G) was observed in 42.4% of 33 PPROM pregnancies as opposed to 19.5% of 77 with no spontaneous preterm birth (P = .01). Similarly, TNFRSF6*G homozygosity was present in 37.5% of 32 first-born neonates from PPROM pregnancies as opposed to 18.7% of 75 uncomplicated pregnancies (P = .04). PPROM occurred in 8 of 14 (57.1%) pregnancies in which mother and all neonates were TNFRSF6*G homozygotes as opposed to 25 of 105 (23.8%) cases in which uniform TNFRSF6*G homozygosity was not observed (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS A genetic variant in the Fas gene is associated with an increased rate of PPROM in multifetal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Kalish
- Division of Meternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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230
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Kalish R, Vardhana S, Neil N, Perni SC, Gupta M, Witkin SS. Association of a maternal CD14 gene polymorphism with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in multifetal pregnancies and its potentiation by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) gene polymorphisms. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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231
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Perni SC, Kalish RB, Hutson JM, Karasahin E, Bongiovanni AM, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Differential immune activation in mid-trimester amniotic fluid from singleton and twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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232
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Perni SC, Karasahin E, Kalish RB, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Participation of the 27kDa heat shock protein (hsp27) in mid-trimester amniotic fluid: Ethnic variability and association with anti-inflammatory immunity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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233
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Kalish RB, Nguyen D, Vardhana S, Perni SC, Gupta M, Witkin SS. Association of neonatal tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) gene polymorphism with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the first born neonate of multifetal pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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234
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Perni SC, Vardhana S, Kalish RB, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Clara cell protein 16 (CCP16) in mid-trimester amniotic fluid: Association with mycoplasma hominis detection, ethnicity, and a CCP16 +38 gene polymorphism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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235
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Abstract
The innate immune responses at mucosal surfaces of the lower female genital tract play a central role in preventing the establishment of infection. Variability in the genes regulating innate immune recognition or response to infectious microorganisms could explain interindividual differences in susceptibility to infection and severity of infectious disorders. Of the numerous genetic variations identified within immunoregulatory genes, only a few have so far been studied in relation to infectious disorders of the lower female genital tract. Although these studies broaden our understanding of the genetic influence on mucosal innate immunity and microbiologic outcome, they also highlight the complexity of links between genotypical and phenotypical features, ie, the influence of a single genetic marker on the phenotype is at best moderate and is not constant in every ethnic/racial group. Such inconsistency is primarily attributed to gene-to-gene interactions and demographic genetic variability. Large case-control studies evaluating multiple genetic markers simultaneously in well-defined subgroups will characterize patients more accurately and pave the way to personalized medicine.
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236
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between detection of Mycoplasma hominis in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and subsequent pregnancy outcome was investigated. STUDY DESIGN Amniotic fluids from 456 women of European background who underwent a transabdominal amniocentesis at weeks 15-17 of pregnancy were tested for M. hominis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons were hybridized to an internal probe and detected by ELISA. Pregnancy outcomes and clinical data were subsequently obtained. RESULTS M. hominis were identified in 29 (6.4%) of the amniotic fluids. The rate of preterm labor in women positive for M. hominis (14.3%) was higher than in the negative women (3.3%) (p=0.01). Similarly, a spontaneous preterm birth with intact membranes occurred in 10.7% of the M. hominis-positive women as opposed to only 1.9% of the negative women (p = 0.02). The presence of this mycoplasma was not correlated with fetal chromosomal aberrations, intrauterine growth restriction or preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS Detection of M. hominis in second-trimester amniotic fluids can identify women at increased risk for subsequent preterm labor and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Nguyen
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Kalish RB, Vardhana S, Gupta M, Perni SC, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene at position -308 and the inducible 70 kd heat shock protein gene at position +1267 in multifetal pregnancies and preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1368-74. [PMID: 15507967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between preterm premature rupture of membranes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and heat shock protein-70 gene polymorphisms in multifetal gestations. STUDY DESIGN Buccal swabs from 101 mother-neonate pairs of multifetal pregnancies were tested for single nucleotide polymorphisms at position -308 of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and +1267 of the heat shock protein-70 gene. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained subsequently. RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 carriage by the first-born occurred in 10 of 27 pregnancies (37.0%) that resulted in preterm premature rupture of membranes compared with 6 of 67 pregnancies (9.0%) without preterm premature rupture of membranes ( P = .002). The allele frequency of tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 and heat shock protein-70 allele 2 in the first born was higher in pregnancies that were complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (18.5% vs 4.5%; P = .003; and 57.7% vs 41.3%; P = .04, respectively). There was no relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 or heat shock protein-70 allele 2 carriage by the second fetus or mother and preterm premature rupture of membranes. CONCLUSION Tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 and/or heat shock protein-70 allele 2 carriage by the first-born fetus is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes in multifetal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Kalish
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, New York Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Perni SC, Vardhana S, Tuttle SL, Kalish RB, Chasen ST, Witkin SS. Fetal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism, intra-amniotic interleukin-1beta levels, and history of spontaneous abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1318-23. [PMID: 15507960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether fetal carriage of specific alleles of the polymorphic interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene is associated with variations in intra-amniotic cytokine levels and previous pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Fetal cells in midtrimester amniotic fluid from 189 women were tested for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist intron 2 length polymorphisms. Concentrations of cytokines in amniotic fluid were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy history data were obtained subsequently. RESULTS Homozygosity for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 1 was detected in 13 of 17 fetuses (76.5%) from women whose previous pregnancies all ended in spontaneous abortions, as compared with 33 of 74 fetuses (44.6%) from women with at least 1 previous term birth ( P = .02). Fetal carriage of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 was associated with only 1 (5.9%) previous spontaneous abortion, as opposed to 31 pregnancies (41.9%) that were associated with a previous term delivery ( P = .004). A similar relationship between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 1 and spontaneous abortions was observed when pregnancies of white women only were analyzed. Median mid trimester amniotic fluid interleukin-1beta concentrations were higher in women whose previous pregnancies ended in term deliveries (15.7 pg/mL), as opposed to women with 1 to 2 (6.4 pg/mL; P = .04) or > or =3 (4.1 pg/mL; P = .007) previous spontaneous abortions. Fetal carriage of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 was associated with elevated intra-amniotic interleukin-1beta levels (16.2 pg/mL), as compared with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 1 homozygotes (10.8 pg/mL; P = .03). CONCLUSION Fetal carriage of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 1 is associated with reduced intra-amniotic interleukin-1beta concentrations and an increased occurrence of spontaneous abortions in previous pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram C Perni
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Perni SC, Vardhana S, Korneeva I, Tuttle SL, Paraskevas LR, Chasen ST, Kalish RB, Witkin SS. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with amniotic fluid cytokine levels and pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1382-6. [PMID: 15507969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between the detection of Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid and amniotic fluid cytokine concentrations and subsequent pregnancy outcome were examined. STUDY DESIGN Amniocentesis was performed between 15 and 19 weeks of gestation in 179 asymptomatic women. Aliquots were assayed for M hominis and U urealyticum by polymerase chain reaction coupled to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intra-amniotic levels of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained after the completion of all testing. RESULTS U urealyticum was detected in 22 of 172 amniotic fluids (12.8%); M hominis was present in 11 of 179 amniotic fluids (6.1%). There was no relationship between U urealyticum detection and the concentration of any cytokine. Detection of M hominis was associated with elevated intra-amniotic concentrations of interleukin-4 ( P = .01). Preterm premature rupture of membranes that was followed by preterm birth occurred in 5 women (2.8%); 5 women (2.8%) had a spontaneous preterm birth with intact membranes. All 5 of the women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (100%) tested positive for either U urealyticum or M hominis , as opposed to none of the women with spontaneous preterm birth and to 27 of 161 women (16.8%) with a term birth ( P = .0002). CONCLUSION The detection of M hominis or U urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay may be a risk factor for subsequent preterm premature rupture of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram C Perni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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240
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Genc MR, Onderdonk AB, Vardhana S, Delaney ML, Norwitz ER, Tuomala RE, Paraskevas LR, Witkin SS. Polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene, local midtrimester cytokine response to vaginal flora, and subsequent preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1324-30. [PMID: 15507961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene, midtrimester vaginal microflora, vaginal interleukin receptor antagonist and interleukin-1beta levels and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN Vaginal samples from 212 women, collected at 18-22 weeks' gestation, were analyzed for the polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene by polymerase chain reaction, qualitative and quantitative vaginal microflora, and interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1ra concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy outcome data were subsequently obtained. RESULTS Carriage of intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 (IL1RN * 2) was associated with an elevated vaginal pH in black ( P < .001) and white ( P = .005) women, a reduced interleukin-1beta response to anaerobic Gram-negative rods and/or Gardnerella vaginalis ( P < .01), and a decreased rate of spontaneous preterm deliveries (6% versus 18%, P = .02). In black women, IL1RN * 2 carriage was associated with increased anaerobic Gram-negative rods, Mycoplasma, and Peptostreptococci and decreased Lactobacilli colonization. CONCLUSION IL1RN * 2 carriage was associated with a blunted proinflammatory interleukin-1beta response to abnormal vaginal flora. This property may decrease susceptibility to infection-related preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genc
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Genc MR, Vardhana S, Delaney ML, Onderdonk A, Tuomala R, Norwitz E, Witkin SS. Relationship between a toll-like receptor-4 gene polymorphism, bacterial vaginosis-related flora and vaginal cytokine responses in pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 116:152-6. [PMID: 15358455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (TLR4 896 A > G) in the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) gene, qualitative and quantitative changes in vaginal micro-flora and vaginal interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentrations in pregnant women were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative and quantitative microbial methods were used to characterize vaginal micro-flora of 238 women at 18-22 weeks gestation. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine TLR4 genotype. IL-1beta and IL-1ra concentrations in vaginal lavage samples were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The TLR4 variant was identified in 10.3% of women. Carriage of this variant was associated with a median increase in vaginal pH (P = 0.05), a greater than 10-fold increase in vaginal Gardnerella vaginalis levels (P < 0.0001) and a 10-fold increase in the vaginal concentration of three species of anaerobic Gram-negative rods, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas (P = 0.08 ). Colonization with G. vaginalis and/or the anaerobic Gram-negative rods resulted in elevated vaginal IL-1 (P = 0.01) and IL-1ra (P < 0.0002) concentrations in women who were TLR4 896A homozygotes, but not in TLR4 896G carriers. CONCLUSION The TLR4 896 A > G polymorphism contributes to inter-individual differences in the vaginal immune defense against G. vaginalis and anaerobic Gram-negative rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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242
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Spandorfer SD, Neuer A, Liu HC, Rosenwaks Z, Witkin SS. Involvement of interleukin-1 and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in in vitro embryo development among women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet 2004; 20:502-5. [PMID: 15035549 PMCID: PMC3455304 DOI: 10.1023/b:jarg.0000013650.76052.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the roles of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), in in vitro embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcome. METHODS Maternal serum utilized to supplement embryo growth in IVF cycles was analyzed for the presence of IL-1 cytokines. RESULTS The maternal serum that was utilized to supplement the embryo media was found to have measurable amounts of IL-1beta and IL-1ra. CONCLUSIONS Relative antagonism of the IL-1 system was positively associated with embryo development and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Spandorfer
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, The New York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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243
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Fasouliotis SJ, Spandorfer SD, Witkin SS, Liu HC, Roberts JE, Rosenwaks Z. Maternal serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in early ectopic and intrauterine pregnancies after in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril 2004; 82:309-13. [PMID: 15302276 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2003] [Revised: 12/18/2003] [Accepted: 12/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 11 days after a day-3 embryo transfer were predictive of outcome, in women with normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), first-trimester miscarriage (SAB), biochemical (BC), and ectopic pregnancy (EP) after IVF therapy. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING University hospital IVF unit. PATIENT(S) One hundred eight women who underwent IVF therapy and who were subsequently diagnosed with EP, BC, SAB, or a normal IUP (27 in each category). INTERVENTION(S) Serum samples were obtained at 11 days after a day-3 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum concentrations of VEGF, P, and beta-hCG. RESULT(S) Serum concentrations of VEGF were similar in women with BC and EP and higher than in women with normal IUP and SAB (571.8 +/- 61.8, 604.4 +/- 73.4 vs. 448.9 +/- 39.9, 461.8 +/- 39.2 pg/mL, respectively). Also, serum beta-hCG and P levels were significantly higher in women with a normal IUP and SAB. Using a cutoff concentration of >700 pg/mL for VEGF, an EP could be distinguished from an IUP (normal and SAB), with a positive predictive value of 64% and a negative predictive value of 71%. CONCLUSION(S) Elevated maternal serum levels of VEGF, as early as 11 days after embryo transfer, are associated with ectopic pregnancies after IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sozos J Fasouliotis
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 305 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Nguyen DP, Genc M, Vardhana S, Babula O, Onderdonk A, Witkin SS. Ethnic differences of polymorphisms in cytokine and innate immune system genes in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104:293-300. [PMID: 15292002 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000133486.85400.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigations of the possible role of polymorphic genes in pregnancy outcome may be influenced by ethnic variations in genotype or allele frequencies. Differences in allelic carriage of immune system-related genes among white, black, and Hispanic pregnant women living in New York City and Boston were evaluated. METHODS DNA was extracted from buccal or vaginal epithelial cells collected from 198 white, 75 black, and 114 Hispanic pregnant women who delivered at term and who had no history of a preterm birth. Genetic polymorphisms in the immunoregulatory genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), mannose-binding lectin, toll-like receptor-4, and the 70-kDa heat shock protein were determined. RESULTS Allele 2 of the IL-1ra gene (IL1RN*2) and IL-4 -590C homozygosity were 4-fold less common in blacks than in whites or Hispanics (P <.001). The IL-4 -590T allele was almost 2-fold more common in Hispanics than in whites (P <.001). The frequency of the 70-kDa heat shock protein 1267G allele was at least 1.4 times greater in blacks compared with whites (P <.001) or Hispanics (P =.002), whereas the homozygous mannose-binding lectin codon 54G allele was observed at least 4.5 times more often in Hispanics compared with whites (P =.007) or blacks (P =.02). CONCLUSION Investigations of the role of genetic factors affecting pregnancy outcome must be cognizant of ethnic variations when enrolling case and control subjects for studies on allele and genotype frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Nguyen
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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245
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Babula O, Danielsson I, Sjoberg I, Ledger WJ, Witkin SS. Altered distribution of mannose-binding lectin alleles at exon I codon 54 in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:762-6. [PMID: 15467537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is active in the innate immune defense against microorganisms. In this study, we determined whether vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, a disorder of unknown etiology, was associated with an altered distribution of MBL alleles. STUDY DESIGN Buccal swabs were obtained from women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome in New York (62) and from 2 cities in Sweden (60), as well as control women in New York (48) and Sweden (51). DNA was tested for a single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 54 in exon I by polymerase chain reaction, endonuclease digestion, and gel electrophoresis. Blood samples were also obtained from the New York women and tested by ELISA for plasma MBL concentrations. The relationships between genotype, allele frequencies, blood MBL levels, and diagnosis were analyzed by Fisher exact test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The variant MBL allele, MBL*B, was detected in 35.5% and 26.7% of vulvar vestibulitis patients from New York and Sweden, respectively. Only 12.5% of New York controls (P=.007) and 9.8% of Swedish controls (P=.01) were MBL*2-positive. All women, with one exception, who were positive for MBL*B were MBL*A/MBL*B heterozygotes. Women who carried MBL*B had almost a 10-fold reduction in median plasma MBL concentrations (278 ng/mL), as opposed to women who were MBL*A homozygotes (1980 ng/mL) (P < .0001). CONCLUSION MBL*B carriage and reduced plasma MBL levels are more common in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome than in control patients, and may contribute to symptomatology in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Babula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Genc MR, Witkin SS, Delaney ML, Paraskevas LR, Tuomala RE, Norwitz ER, Onderdonk AB. A disproportionate increase in IL-1beta over IL-1ra in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant women with altered vaginal microflora correlates with preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:1191-7. [PMID: 15167817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This purpose of this study was to investigate the association between vaginal microflora, concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and its natural receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the cervicovaginal discharge, and spontaneous preterm birth. Study design Vaginal samples collected at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation from 207 women were analyzed to study qualitative and quantitative microbiologic aspects of vaginal microflora and IL-1beta and IL-1ra concentrations. RESULTS Among women colonized with anaerobic Gram-negative rods and/or Gardnerella vaginalis, an elevated IL-1beta concentration, or a diminished IL-1ra:IL-1beta ratio were associated with preterm delivery. A cut-off IL-1ra:IL-1beta ratio of <8632:1 optimally discriminated the subjects with subsequent spontaneous preterm deliveries from subjects who delivered at term, with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 51%, positive predictive value of 21%, and negative predictive value of 95%. CONCLUSION A disproportionate increase in IL-1beta over IL-1ra in response to vaginal colonization with anaerobic Gram-negative rods and/or G. vaginalis at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation is associated with spontaneous preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genc
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Fasouliotis SJ, Spandorfer SD, Witkin SS, Schattman G, Liu HC, Roberts JE, Rosenwaks Z. Maternal serum levels of interferon- and interleukin-2 soluble receptor- predict the outcome of early IVF pregnancies. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:1357-63. [PMID: 15105393 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated maternal serum levels of interleukin-2 soluble receptor-alpha (IL-2 sRalpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) have been associated with pregnancy loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive value of these cytokines in the outcome of early IVF pregnancies. METHODS One hundred and fifty-nine consecutive IVF patients who were subsequently diagnosed to have a biochemical pregnancy (n = 23), a first-trimester miscarriage (n = 19) or a normal term delivery (n = 117) were included in this study. Serum was collected from the initial pregnancy test, 11 days after a day 3 embryo transfer, and all samples were analysed for IL-2 sRalpha, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS IL-2 sRalpha levels were significantly higher in patients with an early pregnancy loss compared with patients with a normal term delivery (849.5 +/- 69.6 versus 693.5 +/- 31.2 pg/ml, P = 0.02), and a cut-off point of IL-2 sRalpha >1000 pg/ml predicted a poor pregnancy outcome (44.4 versus 22.7% pregnancy loss, IL-2 sRalpha >or=1000 versus IL-2 sRalpha <1000 pg/ml; P = 0.02). IFN-gamma-positive patients had twice the risk for poor IVF pregnancy outcome compared with IFN-gamma-negative subjects (40.8 versus 20.0%, respectively; P < 0.02), including a significantly lower implantation rate (37.6 +/- 0.05 versus 50.0 +/- 0.03%, respectively; P = 0.02). There was no difference in pregnancy outcome based upon serum levels, or the ability to detect the presence of TNF-alpha. No differences in levels of these cytokines were found based on the aetiology of the patients' infertility. CONCLUSIONS Elevated maternal serum levels of IL-2 sRalpha and IFN-gamma as early as 11 days after embryo transfer are associated with poor IVF pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Fasouliotis
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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248
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Kalish RB, Vardhana S, Gupta M, Perni SC, Witkin SS. Interleukin-4 and -10 gene polymorphisms and spontaneous preterm birth in multifetal gestations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:702-6. [PMID: 15042002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal and fetal carriage of different alleles of interleukin-4 and -10 genes and pregnancy outcome in multifetal gestations. STUDY DESIGN Buccal swabs from mother-infant pairs of 73 multifetal gestations were assayed for polymorphisms at position -590 of the interleukin-4 gene and position -1082 of the interleukin-10 gene. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained subsequently. RESULTS Spontaneous preterm birth occurred in 29 of the pregnancies (39.7%). A higher frequency of the interleukin-4 T allele was found among mothers with spontaneous preterm birth compared with mothers without spontaneous preterm birth (36.2% vs 18.2%; P=.02; odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9). Moreover, 20.7% of mothers who had spontaneous preterm birth were homozygous for the interleukin-4 T allele, as opposed to only 2.3% of mothers who did not have a spontaneous preterm birth (P=.01; odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.2-69.5). Similarly, in 55.2% of the pregnancies that were complicated by spontaneous preterm birth, 2 fetuses carried the interleukin-4 T allele, compared with only 29.5% of the pregnancies that were not complicated by spontaneous preterm birth (p<.05; odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.8). There was no relationship between mother and infant IL-10 genotype and spontaneous preterm birth. CONCLUSION Maternal and fetal carriage of the interleukin-4 T allele is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth in multifetal gestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Kalish
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Babula O, Bongiovanni AM, Ledger WJ, Witkin SS. Immunoglobulin E antibodies to seminal fluid in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: relation to onset and timing of symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:663-7. [PMID: 15041996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and control subjects were tested for evidence of allergy to seminal fluid to differentiate women with a clinical diagnosis of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome into discrete categories. STUDY DESIGN Plasma samples from 52 women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and 43 control subjects were tested for immunoglobulin E antibodies to seminal fluid, total immunoglobulin E, interleukin-4, and interleukin-12 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and medical histories were obtained by questionnaire and interview. RESULTS Sixteen of the patients (30.8%) with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and 2 control subjects (4.7%) tested positive for immunoglobulin E antiseminal fluid. Symptoms began after sexual intercourse in 43.8% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E positive and 11.1% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E negative (P=.02). Symptom initiation after a yeast infection was reported by 31.3% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E positive and by 2.8% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E negative (P=.008). Other symptom-initiating events were reported by 47.2% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E negative and by none of the women who tested immunoglobulin E positive (P=.0008). Fifty percent of the women who tested immunoglobulin E positive, as opposed to 22.2% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E negative, reported pain only after intercourse (P=.05). Pain at other times occurred in 50% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E positive and in 72.2% of the women who tested immunoglobulin E negative (P=.001). There was no relation between immunoglobulin E antiseminal fluid and total immunoglobulin E, interleukin-4,or interleukin-12. CONCLUSION A subset of women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome are sensitized to seminal fluid, and an allergic reaction to seminal fluid may be associated with the initiation and persistence of their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Babula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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Witkin SS, Sarkar NH, Kinne DW, Good RA, Day NK. Antibodies reactive with the mouse mammary tumor virus in sera of breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2004; 25:721-5. [PMID: 14768700 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910250606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IgG binding to purified mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) was quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) using sera from patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease, or from healthy age-matched controls. Significantly greater binding (p<0.01) was found in breast-cancer-derived sera than in the other categories. In addition to IgG reactivity, three breast cancer sera also possessed IgA and IgM reactive with MuMTV by the ELISA assay. Only IgG was reactive in the majority of sera while two sera possessed MuMTV binding activity only in the IgM fraction. Both IgG binding and virolysis of MuMTV were greatly reduced by preincubation of sera with MuMTV. The specificity for MuMTV was further explored with IgG of serum from one breast cancer patient. Human antibody reactive with MuMTV was progressively diminished by preincubating the human serum with increasing concentrations of MuMTV but not by incubation with the type-C AKR murine leukemia virus. Preincubation of MuMTV with a breast cancer serum partially blocked the reactivity of gp52 antiserum with the virus. The results suggest that an antigen related to an MuMTV envelope component is expressed in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Witkin
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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