251
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Abstract
Self-assembly of molecules often results in new emerging properties. Even very short peptides can self-assemble into structures with a variety of physical and structural characteristics. Remarkably, many peptide assemblies show high catalytic activity in model reactions reaching efficiencies comparable to those found in natural enzymes by weight. In this review, we discuss different strategies used to rationally develop self-assembled peptide catalysts with natural and unnatural backbones as well as with metal-containing cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zozulia
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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252
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Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a ubiquitous process in nature and central to bottom-up nanotechnology. In particular, the organization of peptide building blocks into ordered supramolecular structures has gained much interest due to the unique properties of the products, including biocompatibility, chemical and structural diversity, robustness and ease of large-scale synthesis. In addition, peptides, as short as dipeptides, contain all the molecular information needed to spontaneously form well-ordered structures at both the nano- and the micro-scale. Therefore, peptide supramolecular assembly has been effectively utilized to produce novel materials with tailored properties for various applications in the fields of material science, engineering, medicine, and biology. To further expand the conformational space of peptide assemblies in terms of structural and functional complexity, multicomponent (two or more) peptide supramolecular co-assembly has recently evolved as a promising extended approach, similar to the structural diversity of natural sequence-defined biopolymers (proteins) as well as of synthetic covalent co-polymers. The use of this methodology was recently demonstrated in various applications, such as nanostructure physical dimension control, the creation of non-canonical complex topologies, mechanical strength modulation, the design of light harvesting soft materials, fabrication of electrically conducting devices, induced fluorescence, enzymatic catalysis and tissue engineering. In light of these significant advancements in the field of peptide supramolecular co-assembly in the last few years, in this tutorial review, we provide an updated overview and future prospects of this emerging subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandeeswar Makam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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253
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Abstract
Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for applications in biomedicine and energy. The emergent properties of these nanomaterials determine the applications for which they can be exploited. It has recently been appreciated that nanomaterials composed of multicomponent coassembled peptides often display unique emergent properties that have the potential to dramatically expand the functional utility of peptide-based materials. This review presents recent efforts in the development of multicomponent peptide assemblies. The discussion includes multicomponent assemblies derived from short low molecular weight peptides, peptide amphiphiles, coiled coil peptides, collagen, and β-sheet peptides. The design, structure, emergent properties, and applications for these multicomponent assemblies are presented in order to illustrate the potential of these formulations as sophisticated next-generation bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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254
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Abstract
During the last two decades, the pharmaceutical industry has progressed from detecting small molecules to designing biologic-based therapeutics. Amino acid-based drugs are a group of biologic-based therapeutics that can effectively combat the diseases caused by drug resistance or molecular deficiency. Computational techniques play a key role to design and develop the amino acid-based therapeutics such as proteins, peptides and peptidomimetics. In this study, it was attempted to discuss the various elements for computational design of amino acid-based therapeutics. Protein design seeks to identify the properties of amino acid sequences that fold to predetermined structures with desirable structural and functional characteristics. Peptide drugs occupy a middle space between proteins and small molecules and it is hoped that they can target "undruggable" intracellular protein-protein interactions. Peptidomimetics, the compounds that mimic the biologic characteristics of peptides, present refined pharmacokinetic properties compared to the original peptides. Here, the elaborated techniques that are developed to characterize the amino acid sequences consistent with a specific structure and allow protein design are discussed. Moreover, the key principles and recent advances in currently introduced computational techniques for rational peptide design are spotlighted. The most advanced computational techniques developed to design novel peptidomimetics are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Farhadi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed MohammadReza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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255
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. From Synthesis of Amino Acids and Peptides to Enzymatic Catalysis: A Bottom-Up Approach in Mechanochemistry. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:1410-1420. [PMID: 29436773 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chemical reactions induced or facilitated by mechanical energy have gained recognition in diverse areas of chemical synthesis. In particular, mechanosyntheses of amino acids and short peptides, along with their applications in catalysis, have revealed the high degree of stability of peptide bonds in environments of harsh mechanical stress. These observations quickly led to the recent interest in developing mechanochemical enzymatic reactions. Experimentally, manual grinding, ball-milling techniques, and twin-screw extrusion technology have proven valuable to convey mechanical forces into a chemical synthesis. These practices have enabled the establishment of more sustainable alternatives for chemical synthesis by reducing the use of organic solvents and waste production, thereby having a direct impact on the E-factor of the chemical process. In this Minireview, the series of events that allowed the development of mechanochemical enzymatic reactions are described from a bottom-up perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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256
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Abstract
The third most abundant polypeptide conformation in nature, the polyproline-II helix, is a polar, extended secondary structure with a local organization stabilized by intercarbonyl interactions within the peptide chain. Here we design a hydrophobic polyproline-II helical peptide based on an oligomeric octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid scaffold and demonstrate its transmembrane alignment in model lipid bilayers by means of solid-state 19F NMR. As result, we provide a first example of a purely artificial transmembrane peptide with a structural organization that is not based on hydrogen-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institute of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10 , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O.B. 3640, Karlsruhe 76021 , Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O.B. 3640, Karlsruhe 76021 , Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O.B. 3640, Karlsruhe 76021 , Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , KIT , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 , Karlsruhe 76131 , Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10 , Berlin 10623 , Germany
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257
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De Bo G, Gall MAY, Kuschel S, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Leigh DA. An artificial molecular machine that builds an asymmetric catalyst. Nat Nanotechnol 2018; 13:381-385. [PMID: 29610529 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular machines perform types of complex molecular-level tasks that artificial molecular machines can aspire to. The ribosome, for example, translates information from the polymer track it traverses (messenger RNA) to the new polymer it constructs (a polypeptide) 1 . The sequence and number of codons read determines the sequence and number of building blocks incorporated into the biomachine-synthesized polymer. However, neither control of sequence2,3 nor the transfer of length information from one polymer to another (which to date has only been accomplished in man-made systems through template synthesis) 4 is easily achieved in the synthesis of artificial macromolecules. Rotaxane-based molecular machines5-7 have been developed that successively add amino acids8-10 (including β-amino acids 10 ) to a growing peptide chain by the action of a macrocycle moving along a mono-dispersed oligomeric track derivatized with amino-acid phenol esters. The threaded macrocycle picks up groups that block its path and links them through successive native chemical ligation reactions 11 to form a peptide sequence corresponding to the order of the building blocks on the track. Here, we show that as an alternative to translating sequence information, a rotaxane molecular machine can transfer the narrow polydispersity of a leucine-ester-derivatized polystyrene chain synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization 12 to a molecular-machine-made homo-leucine oligomer. The resulting narrow-molecular-weight oligomer folds to an α-helical secondary structure 13 that acts as an asymmetric catalyst for the Juliá-Colonna epoxidation14,15 of chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume De Bo
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sonja Kuschel
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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258
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Liu J, Cheng R, Rozovsky S. Synthesis and semisynthesis of selenopeptides and selenoproteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:41-47. [PMID: 29723718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The versatile chemistry of the genetically encoded amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) is employed in Nature to expand the reactivity of enzymes. In addition to, its role in biology, Sec is used in protein engineering to modify folding, stability, and reactivity of proteins, to introduce conjugations and to facilitate reactions. However, due to limitations related to Sec's insertion mechanism in Nature, much of the production of Sec containing peptides and proteins relies on synthesis and semisynthesis. Here, we review recent advances that have enabled the assembly of complicated selenoproteins, including novel uses of protecting groups for solid phase peptide synthesis, rapid selenoester driven chemical ligations and versatile expressed protein ligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
| | - Rujin Cheng
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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259
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Mangadlao JD, Wang X, McCleese C, Escamilla M, Ramamurthy G, Wang Z, Govande M, Basilion JP, Burda C. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted Gold Nanoparticles for Theranostics of Prostate Cancer. ACS Nano 2018; 12:3714-3725. [PMID: 29641905 PMCID: PMC6392200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers and among the leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States. Men diagnosed with the disease typically undergo radical prostatectomy, which often results in incontinence and impotence. Recurrence of the disease is often experienced by most patients with incomplete prostatectomy during surgery. Hence, the development of a technique that will enable surgeons to achieve a more precise prostatectomy remains an open challenge. In this contribution, we report a theranostic agent (AuNP-5kPEG-PSMA-1-Pc4) based on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA-1)-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded with a fluorescent photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug, Pc4. The fabricated nanoparticles are well-characterized by spectroscopic and imaging techniques and are found to be stable over a wide range of solvents, buffers, and media. In vitro cellular uptake experiments demonstrated significantly higher nanoparticle uptake in PSMA-positive PC3pip cells than in PSMA-negative PC3flu cells. Further, more complete cell killing was observed in Pc3pip than in PC3flu cells upon exposure to light at different doses, demonstrating active targeting followed by Pc4 delivery. Likewise, in vivo studies showed remission on PSMA-expressing tumors 14 days post-PDT. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that targeted AuNPs accumulate 4-fold higher in PC3pip than in PC3flu tumors. The nanoparticle system described herein is envisioned to provide surgical guidance for prostate tumor resection and therapeutic intervention when surgery is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Dacula Mangadlao
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christopher McCleese
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Maria Escamilla
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Mukul Govande
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - James P. Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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260
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Wang H, Feng Z, Qin Y, Wang J, Xu B. Nucleopeptide Assemblies Selectively Sequester ATP in Cancer Cells to Increase the Efficacy of Doxorubicin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4931-4935. [PMID: 29451962 PMCID: PMC6014697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report that assemblies of nucleopeptides selectively sequester ATP in complex conditions (for example, serum and cytosol). We developed assemblies of nucleopeptides that selectively sequester ATP over ADP. Counteracting enzymes interconvert ATP and ADP to modulate the nanostructures formed by the nucleopeptides and the nucleotides. The nucleopeptides, sequestering ATP effectively in cells, slow down efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant cancer cells, thus boosting the efficacy of doxorubicin, an anticancer drug. Investigation of 11 nucleopeptides (including d- and l-enantiomers) yields five more nucleopeptides that differentiate ATP and ADP through either precipitation or gelation. As the first example of assemblies of nucleopeptides that interact with ATP and disrupt intracellular ATP dynamics, this work illustrates the use of supramolecular assemblies to interact with small and essential biological molecules for controlling cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaimin Wang
- Department of chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Zhaoqianqi Feng
- Department of chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Yanan Qin
- Department of chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Department of chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
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261
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Tian R, Han F, Yang J, Zhao HY, Mei Y, Deng AP, Fang L, Zhang XR. VR-10 Thrombospondin-1 Synthetic Polypeptide's Impact on Rhesus Choroid-Retinal Endothelial Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 46:609-617. [PMID: 29617696 DOI: 10.1159/000488628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effects of the VR-10 TSP-1 synthetic polypeptide on cytokines and the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, as well as exploring a new method for anti-ocular neoangiogenesis. METHODS We measured the proliferation of RF/6A cells by an MTT assay and investigated the migration of RF/6A cells by a Transwell chamber assay. We examined the mRNA transcript levels of TGF-β2, VEGF, PEDF, Bcl-2 and FasL in RF/6A cells by RT-PCR and evaluated the expression of Fas and caspase-3 proteins in RF/6A cells by western blot analysis. RESULTS 1. TSP-1 (1 µg/ml) and synthetic peptide VR-10 (0.1 µg/ml, 1 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml) inhibited the proliferation of RF/6A cells in a time and dose-dependent way. 2. TSP-1 and synthetic peptide VR-10 could inhibit the migration of RF/6A cells in a Transwell chamber (P < 0.001). It was demonstrated that 10 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 had the strongest effect. 3. The expression of TGF-β2 mRNA in RF/6A cells increased after treatment with 1 µg/ml TSP-1 (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the synthetic peptide VR-10 and the control group (P > 0.05). Expression of PEDF mRNA in RF/6A cells was increased after treatment with 1 µg/ml TSP-1 and synthetic peptide VR-10. We demonstrated that 10 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 had the strongest effect (P < 0.001). There were significant differences between groups (P < 0.001). Expression of TGF-β2 mRNA in RF/6A cells increased after treatment with 1 µg/ml TSP-1 (P = 0.000). There was no significant difference between the synthetic peptide VR-10 and the control group (P > 0.05). PEDF mRNA expression in RF/6A cells decreased after 1 µg/ml TSP-1 and synthetic peptide VR-10 therapy, among which 10 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 demonstrated the strongest effect (P < 0.001). There were significant differences between groups (P < 0.001), except for the 1 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 and 1 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 groups (P = 0.615). 4. Compared with the control group, FasL mRNA expression was significantly increased in the 10 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 treatment group; however, Bcl-2 mRNA expression was decreased. 5. Western blotting showed that RF/6A cells in the control group mainly expressed the 32 kD procaspase-3 forms. For the 10 µg/ml synthetic peptide, VR-10 treatment group, it showed decreased expression of procaspase-3 (32 kD) and concomitant increased expression of its shorter pro apoptotic forms (20 kD). Compared with the control group, Fas protein expression significantly increased in the 10 µg/ml synthetic peptide VR-10 treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic peptide VR-10 had an inhibitory action on the proliferation and migration of RF/6A cells. VR-10 inhibited angiogenesis by its combined actions, which included up-regulating the expression of an anti-angiogenesis gene, namely, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), down-regulating the expression of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and mediated endothelial cell apoptosis.
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262
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Mosadeghi P, Heydari-Zarnagh H. Development and Evaluation of a Novel ELISA for Detection of Antibodies against HTLV-I Using Chimeric Peptides. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 17:144-150. [PMID: 29757587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to develope a peptide-based indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Two chimeric peptides (CP-1 and CP-2) were designed using linear immunodominant epitopes of gp-46-I, and gp21-I proteins, according to the sequence from Uniprot database. These peptides were studied initially in the ELISA using infected sera. The most promising peptideCP-1, was used to develop a peptide ELISA for detection of HTLV-I infected sera. The optimal conditions for CP-1ELISA were: the optimum coating buffer was 100mM NaHCO3, pH 9.6; coating peptide concentration was 10 µg/mL; the optimal blocking buffer was5% fetal bovine serum (FBS); the secondary antibody concentration was 1:2000; and serum dilution was 1:20. 20serum samples from HTLV-I infected patients were evaluated by ELISA developed. CP-1 showed high antigenicity while lacking any cross-reactivity with normal human sera. The results of evaluations indicated that in comparison with commercial ELISA, CP-1 ELISA showed good sensitivity and specificity. With further validation, CP-1as described in the present study could be introduced as novel reliable and cost-effective candidates for the high-specific screening of HTLV-I/-II infections in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mosadeghi
- Department of Biology, Basic Science Faculty, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari-Zarnagh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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263
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Caporale A, Doti N, Monti A, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M. Automatic procedures for the synthesis of difficult peptides using oxyma as activating reagent: A comparative study on the use of bases and on different deprotection and agitation conditions. Peptides 2018; 102:38-46. [PMID: 29486214 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is a rapid and efficient methodology for the chemical synthesis of peptides and small proteins. However, the assembly of peptide sequences classified as "difficult" poses severe synthetic problems in SPPS for the occurrence of extensive aggregation of growing peptide chains which often leads to synthesis failure. In this framework, we have investigated the impact of different synthetic procedures on the yield and final purity of three well-known "difficult peptides" prepared using oxyma as additive for the coupling steps. In particular, we have comparatively investigated the use of piperidine and morpholine/DBU as deprotection reagents, the addition of DIPEA, collidine and N-methylmorpholine as bases to the coupling reagent. Moreover, the effect of different agitation modalities during the acylation reactions has been investigated. Data obtained represent a step forward in optimizing strategies for the synthesis of "difficult peptides".
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caporale
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; CIRPeB, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Doti
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; CIRPeB, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - A Monti
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - A Sandomenico
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; CIRPeB, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Ruvo
- IBB-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; CIRPeB, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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264
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Pinheiro-Júnior EL, Boldrini-França J, de Campos Araújo LMP, Santos-Filho NA, Bendhack LM, Cilli EM, Arantes EC. LmrBPP9: A synthetic bradykinin-potentiating peptide from Lachesis muta rhombeata venom that inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in vitro and reduces the blood pressure of hypertensive rats. Peptides 2018; 102:1-7. [PMID: 29410030 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) are an important group of toxins present in Lachesis muta rhombeata venom. They act directly at renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This action may contribute to the hypotensive shock observed during the envenoming by this species. Thus, the main goal of this study was the solid-phase synthesis of a BPP found in L. m. rhombeata venom and its in vitro and in vivo characterization in relation to ACE inhibition and hypotensive activity, respectively. The LmrBPP9 peptide was synthesized using an automated solid-phase peptide synthesizer and purified by reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The in vitro IC50 of the synthetic peptide is 4.25 ± 0.10 μM, showing a great capacity of ACE inhibition. The in vivo studies showed that LmrBPP9 induces blood pressure reduction, both in normotensive and hypertensive rats, being more pronounced in the last ones. These results agree with the in vitro results, showing that the synthetic peptide LmrBPP9 is a potential molecule to the development of a new antihypertensive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lusiane Maria Bendhack
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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265
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Nie Y, Zhi X, Du H, Yang J. Zn(OAc)₂-Catalyzing Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Polypeptides. Molecules 2018; 23:E760. [PMID: 29587473 PMCID: PMC6017970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite notable progress, the fabrication of well-defined polypeptides via controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) using convenient catalysts under mild conditions in a relatively short polymerization time is still challenging. Herein, an easily obtained catalyst system composed of zinc acetate and aniline was explored to mediate the fast ROP of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) monomer, to produce poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamates) (PBLGs) with controllable molecular weights and narrow dispersity. Considering the excellent cooperative action of zinc acetate and a broad scope of aniline derivatives with different functional groups to control ROP of BLG-NCA, this method may offer a useful platform enabling the rapid generation of end-functionalized PBLG and block copolymers for numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xinmei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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266
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Pickens CJ, Johnson SN, Pressnall MM, Leon MA, Berkland CJ. Practical Considerations, Challenges, and Limitations of Bioconjugation via Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:686-701. [PMID: 29287474 PMCID: PMC6310217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interrogating biological systems is often limited by access to biological probes. The emergence of "click chemistry" has revolutionized bioconjugate chemistry by providing facile reaction conditions amenable to both biologic molecules and small molecule probes such as fluorophores, toxins, or therapeutics. One particularly popular version is the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction, which has spawned new alternatives such as the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, among others. This focused review highlights practical approaches to AAC reactions for the synthesis of peptide or protein bioconjugates and contrasts current challenges and limitations in light of recent advances in the field. The conical success of antibody drug conjugates has expanded the toolbox of linkers and payloads to facilitate practical applications of bioconjugation to create novel therapeutics and biologic probes. The AAC reaction in particular is poised to enable a large set of functionalized molecules as a combinatorial approach to high-throughput bioconjugate generation, screening, and honing of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Pickens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Stephanie N Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Melissa M Pressnall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Martin A Leon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , , 4132 Learned Hall, 1530 W. 15th , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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267
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Romanelli A, Affinito A, Avitabile C, Catuogno S, Ceriotti P, Iaboni M, Modica J, Condorelli G, Catalucci D. An anti-PDGFRβ aptamer for selective delivery of small therapeutic peptide to cardiac cells. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513717 PMCID: PMC5841773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small therapeutic peptides represent a promising field for the treatment of pathologies such as cardiac diseases. However, the lack of proper target-selective carriers hampers their translation towards a potential clinical application. Aptamers are cell-specific carriers that bind with high affinity to their specific target. However, some limitations on their conjugation to small peptides and the functionality of the resulting aptamer-peptide chimera exist. Here, we generated a novel aptamer-peptide chimera through conjugation of the PDGFRβ-targeting Gint4.T aptamer to MP, a small mimetic peptide that via targeting of the Cavβ2 subunit of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) can recover myocardial function in pathological heart conditions associated with defective LTCC function. The conjugation reaction was performed by click chemistry in the presence of N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a Cu (I) stabilizing agent in a DMSO-free aqueous buffer. When administered to cardiac cells, the Gint4.T-MP aptamer-peptide chimera was successfully internalized in cells, allowing the functional targeting of MP to LTCC. This approach represents the first example of the use of an internalizing aptamer for selective delivery of a small therapeutic peptide to cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Avitabile
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Catuogno
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore "IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ceriotti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Modica
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Geroloma Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore "IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GC); (DC)
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (GC); (DC)
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268
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Xie F, Wang S, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang Z. Investigating inhibitory activity of novel synthetic sericin peptide on α-D-glucosidase: kinetics and interaction mechanism study using a docking simulation. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:1502-1510. [PMID: 28799644 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We synthesised a novel sericin peptide (SP-GI) with α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which has a sequence of SEDSSEVDIDLGN. The kinetics of its peptide-induced inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity and its interaction mechanism merging with molecular docking were both investigated. RESULTS SP-GI exhibited significant inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 2.9 ± 0.1 µmol L-1 and this inhibition was reversible and non-competitive with a Ki value of 1.0 ± 0.1 µmol L-1 . An interaction study with SP-GI revealed it bound to α-d-glucosidase at a single binding site, resulting in alterations in α-d-glucosidase secondary structure. This led to quenching of intrinsic α-d-glucosidase fluorescence by a static quenching mechanism. Molecular docking results showed that the SP-GI binding site on α-d-glucosidase differed from acarbose, with hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces being the main binding drivers. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the potential use for SP-GI or other natural sericin peptides as dietary supplements for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Marine Bioresources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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269
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Howl J, Howl L, Jones S. The cationic tetradecapeptide mastoparan as a privileged structure for drug discovery: Enhanced antimicrobial properties of mitoparan analogues modified at position-14. Peptides 2018; 101:95-105. [PMID: 29337270 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mastoparan (MP) peptides, distributed in insect venoms, induce a local inflammatory response post envenomation. Most endogenous MPs share common structural elements within a tetradecapeptide sequence that adopts an amphipathic helix whilst traversing biological membranes and when bound to an intracellular protein target. Rational modifications to increase cationic charge density and amphipathic helicity engineered mitoparan (MitP), a mitochondriotoxic bioportide and potent secretagogue. Following intracellular translocation, MitP is accreted by mitochondria thus indicating additional utility as an antimicrobial agent. Hence, the objectives of this study were to compare the antimicrobial activities of a structurally diverse set of cationic cell penetrating peptides, including both MP and MitP sequences, and to chemically engineer analogues of MitP for potential therapeutic applications. Herein, we confirm that, like MP, MitP is a privileged structure for the development of antimicrobial peptides active against both prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. Collectively, MitP and target-selective chimeric analogues are broad spectrum antibiotics, with the Gram-negative A. baumannii demonstrating particular susceptibility. Modifications of MitP by amino acid substitution at position-14 produced peptides, Δ14MitP analogues, with unique pharmacodynamic properties. One example, [Ser14]MitP, lacks both cytotoxicity against human cell lines and mast cell secretory activity yet retains selective activity against the encapsulated yeast C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Howl
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Lewis Howl
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
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270
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Galloway JM, Senior L, Fletcher JM, Beesley JL, Hodgson LR, Harniman RL, Mantell JM, Coombs J, Rhys GG, Xue WF, Mosayebi M, Linden N, Liverpool TB, Curnow P, Verkade P, Woolfson DN. Bioinspired Silicification Reveals Structural Detail in Self-Assembled Peptide Cages. ACS Nano 2018; 12:1420-1432. [PMID: 29275624 PMCID: PMC5967840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how molecules in self-assembled soft-matter nanostructures are organized is essential for improving the design of next-generation nanomaterials. Imaging these assemblies can be challenging and usually requires processing, e.g., staining or embedding, which can damage or obscure features. An alternative is to use bioinspired mineralization, mimicking how certain organisms use biomolecules to template mineral formation. Previously, we have reported the design and characterization of Self-Assembled peptide caGEs (SAGEs) formed from de novo peptide building blocks. In SAGEs, two complementary, 3-fold symmetric, peptide hubs combine to form a hexagonal lattice, which curves and closes to form SAGE nanoparticles. As hexagons alone cannot tile onto spheres, the network must also incorporate nonhexagonal shapes. While the hexagonal ultrastructure of the SAGEs has been imaged, these defects have not been observed. Here, we show that positively charged SAGEs biotemplate a thin, protective silica coating. Electron microscopy shows that these SiO2-SAGEs do not collapse, but maintain their 3D shape when dried. Atomic force microscopy reveals a network of hexagonal and irregular features on the SiO2-SAGE surface. The dimensions of these (7.2 nm ± 1.4 nm across, internal angles 119.8° ± 26.1°) are in accord with the designed SAGE network and with coarse-grained modeling of the SAGE assembly. The SiO2-SAGEs are permeable to small molecules (<2 nm), but not to larger biomolecules (>6 nm). Thus, bioinspired silicification offers a mild technique that preserves soft-matter nanoparticles for imaging, revealing structural details <10 nm in size, while also maintaining desirable properties, such as permeability to small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Galloway
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Laura Senior
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Jordan M. Fletcher
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Joseph L. Beesley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Lorna R. Hodgson
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Judith M. Mantell
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
- Wolfson
Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Jennifer Coombs
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
- Bristol
Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, NSQI, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, U.K.
| | - Guto G. Rhys
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Wei-Feng Xue
- School
of Biosciences, Stacy Building, University
of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, U.K.
| | - Majid Mosayebi
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, U.K.
- School of
Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TW, U.K.
| | - Noah Linden
- School of
Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TW, U.K.
| | - Tanniemola B. Liverpool
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, U.K.
- School of
Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TW, U.K.
| | - Paul Curnow
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, U.K.
| | - Paul Verkade
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
- Wolfson
Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, U.K.
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K.
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, U.K.
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271
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Murata H, Carmali S, Baker SL, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ. Solid-phase synthesis of protein-polymers on reversible immobilization supports. Nat Commun 2018; 9:845. [PMID: 29487296 PMCID: PMC5829226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile automated biomacromolecule synthesis is at the heart of blending synthetic and biologic worlds. Full access to abiotic/biotic synthetic diversity first occurred when chemistry was developed to grow nucleic acids and peptides from reversibly immobilized precursors. Protein-polymer conjugates, however, have always been synthesized in solution in multi-step, multi-day processes that couple innovative chemistry with challenging purification. Here we report the generation of protein-polymer hybrids synthesized by protein-ATRP on reversible immobilization supports (PARIS). We utilized modified agarose beads to covalently and reversibly couple to proteins in amino-specific reactions. We then modified reversibly immobilized proteins with protein-reactive ATRP initiators and, after ATRP, we released and analyzed the protein polymers. The activity and stability of PARIS-synthesized and solution-synthesized conjugates demonstrated that PARIS was an effective, rapid, and simple method to generate protein-polymer conjugates. Automation of PARIS significantly reduced synthesis/purification timelines, thereby opening a path to changing how to generate protein-polymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sheiliza Carmali
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stefanie L Baker
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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272
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Fu J, Yang H, Wang J. Computational design of the helical hairpin structure of membrane-active antibacterial peptides based on RSV glycoprotein epitope scaffold. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 73:200-205. [PMID: 29499459 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides with helical hairpin conformation have been found to possess potent membrane activity and can be exploited as the structural scaffold of antibacterial peptides (ABPs). Here, we attempted to computationally design membrane-active ABPs based on the helical hairpin motif of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) glycoprotein epitope. Dynamics simulations revealed that the epitope peptide Rfe (net charge = -1) cannot effectively interact with and permeabilize bacterial membrane due to the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged peptide and anionic membrane surface. The native Rfe can be modified to a cationic peptide Rfe-KKK (net charge = +6) by triple mutation of its positively charged residues Glu256, Asp263 and Asp269 to a basic lysine as well as by C-terminal amidation. As might be expected, the modified peptide was able to target membrane surface with a moderate antibacterial potency (MIC = 50-100 μg/ml). Next, a cyclized version of the linear Rfe-KKK was generated, termed as cycRfe-KKK, which was observed to have improved membrane activity and increased antibacterial potency (MIC < 50 μg/ml) by pre-stabilizing amphipathic hairpin conformation of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Fu
- Intensive Care Unit, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou 262500, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Emergency Department Work Office, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou 262500, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou 262500, China
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273
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Ornelas A, Williams KN, Hatch KA, Paez A, Aguilar AC, Ellis CC, Tasnim N, Ray S, Dirk CW, Boland T, Joddar B, Li C, Michael K. Synthesis and characterization of a photocleavable collagen-like peptide. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1000-1013. [PMID: 29345707 PMCID: PMC5951682 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 34-amino acid long collagen-like peptide rich in proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine, and with four photoreactive N-acyl-7-nitroindoline units incorporated into the peptide backbone was synthesized by on-resin fragment condensation. Its circular dichroism supports a stable triple helix structure. The built-in photochemical function enables the decomposition of the peptide into small peptide fragments by illumination with UV light of 350 nm in aqueous solution. Illumination of a thin film of the peptide, or a thin film of a photoreactive amino acid model compound containing a 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline moiety, with femtosecond laser light at 710 nm allows for the creation of well-resolved micropatterns. The cytocompatibility of the peptide was demonstrated using human mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our data show that the full-length peptide is cytocompatible as it can support cell growth and maintain cell viability. In contrast, the small peptide fragments created by photolysis are somewhat cytotoxic and therefore less cytocompatible. These data suggest that biomimetic collagen-like photoreactive peptides could potentially be used for growing cells in 2D micropatterns based on patterns generated by photolysis prior to cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ornelas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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274
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El-Sayed NS, Sharma M, Aliabadi HM, El-Meligy MG, El-Zaity AK, Nageib ZA, Tiwari RK. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of fatty acyl-CGKRK-chitosan oligosaccharides conjugates for siRNA delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:694-702. [PMID: 29408713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this studies, three fatty acyl derivatives of CGKRK homing peptides were coupled successfully to chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) using sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate sodium salt (sulfo-SMCC). The COS-SMCC was prepared by direct coupling between COS and sulfo-SMCC in PBS (pH7.5) at RT for 48h. The structure of COS-SMCC and the three fatty acyl-CGKRK-SMCC-COS conjugates were characterized by FT-IR, 13C NMR, and SEM. The ability of three conjugates to condense siRNA into nanosized polyplexes and their efficacy in protecting siRNA from serum nucleases degradation were investigated. Among the investigated derivatives, S-CGKRK-COS showed higher siRNA binding affinity as compared to the P-CGKRK-COS and O-CGKRK-COS, respectively. At a ratio of 10:1, complete protection for siRNA from early enzymatic degradation was achieved. The polymers and the polymer/siRNA polyplexes showed negligible cytotoxicity on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 at all investigated ratios. However, the polyplexes prepared with palmitoyl and oleoyl derivatives at polymer concentration 10μg/mL reduced the cell viability by 21.5% and 35%, respectively. The results of this study revealed the potential use of fatty acyl-CGKRK-COS as a siRNA carrier and confirmed the importance of incorporating a hydrophobic moiety into chitosan to improve its capacity in complexing with siRNA and protection from degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Salem El-Sayed
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Magda Goda El-Meligy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamed El-Zaity
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Zenat Adeeb Nageib
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, United States.
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275
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Abstract
Flow chemistry could play a key role in the development of fast‐automated synthesis of peptides and proteins through the quick activation of intermediates for coupling at low concentrations of reagents. The selected examples highlight the role of flow chemistry for the advancements of peptides bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, main building, Cardiff, UK
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276
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Phyo YZ, Ribeiro J, Fernandes C, Kijjoa A, Pinto MMM. Marine Natural Peptides: Determination of Absolute Configuration Using Liquid Chromatography Methods and Evaluation of Bioactivities. Molecules 2018; 23:E306. [PMID: 29385101 PMCID: PMC6017543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, many naturally occurring peptides have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to their promising applicability as pharmaceuticals or as models for drugs used in therapeutics. Marine peptides are chiral molecules comprising different amino acid residues. Therefore, it is essential to establish the configuration of the stereogenic carbon of their amino acid constituents for a total characterization and further synthesis to obtain higher amount of the bioactive marine peptides or as a basis for structural modifications for more potent derivatives. Moreover, it is also a crucial issue taking into account the mechanisms of molecular recognition and the influence of molecular three-dimensionality in this process. In this review, a literature survey covering the report on the determination of absolute configuration of the amino acid residues of diverse marine peptides by chromatographic methodologies is presented. A brief summary of their biological activities was also included emphasizing to the most promising marine peptides. A case study describing an experience of our group was also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye' Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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277
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Abstract
The review is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between a chemical structure and properties of low-molecular weight inhibitors of furin, the most studied proprotein convertase, which is involved in the development of some pathologies, such as oncologic diseases, viral and bacterial infections, etc. The latest data concerning the influence of peptides, pseudo-peptides, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, some natural ones such as flavonoids, coumarins, and others on enzyme inactivation are considered. The power of furin inhibition is shown to rise with the increasing number of positively charged groups in the structure of these compounds. Peptidomimetics (Ki = 5-8 pM) are shown to be the most effective furin inhibitors. The synthesized substances, however, have not been used in practical application yet. Nowadays it is very important to find more selective inhibitors, improve their stability, bioavailability and safety for the human organism.
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278
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C. Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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279
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Abstract
The design, formulation, and immunological evaluation of self-assembling peptide materials is relatively straightforward. Indeed, one of the advantages of synthetic self-assembling peptides is that one can progress from initial concept to in vivo testing in a matter of days. However, because these materials are supramolecular, working with them is not without some practical challenges, and subtle changes in design, synthesis, handling, and formulation can affect the materials' immunogenicity. This chapter is intended to communicate some of these practical aspects of working with these materials that are not always enumerated in conventional research papers. Epitope considerations, peptide synthesis, purification, storage, nanofiber formation, quality control, immunological evaluation, and the overall phenotypic characteristics of the immune responses to be expected from these materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huifang Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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280
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Doran TM, Nilsson BL. Incorporation of an Azobenzene β-Turn Peptidomimetic into Amyloid-β to Probe Potential Structural Motifs Leading to β-Sheet Self-Assembly. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1777:387-406. [PMID: 29744850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7811-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by chronic neurodegeneration and the insidious accumulation of senile plaques comprised of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. An important goal in AD research is to characterize the structural basis for how Aβ aggregates exert their noxious effects on neurons. We describe herein synthetic steps to incorporate a light-controlled β-turn mimetic, 3-(3-aminomethylphenylazo)-phenylacetic acid (AMPP), into the backbone of a putative turn region within Aβ. AMPP adopts a rigid β-hairpin turn when azobenzene is in the cis conformation, and can adopt an extended "β-arc" turn in the trans-azobenzene conformation. The long lifetimes of these conformationally stable isomers permit detailed biochemical analyses that help to clarify the controversial role played by these two types of turns during the toxic misfolding pathway of Aβ. Methods to photo-nucleate the cis- or trans-AMPP isomeric turns in aqueous buffer are also described. Finally, we detail selected techniques to characterize the Aβ aggregates derived from these photoisomerized variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Doran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bradley L Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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281
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Abstract
Peptide subunit vaccines enable the specific activation of an immune response without the shortcomings of killed or attenuated pathogens. However, peptide subunit vaccines tend to be less immunogenic than those based on whole organisms. To improve peptide immunogenicity, biomaterials-based platforms have been developed. One such platform, the peptide amphiphile micelle platform, has displayed a unique ability to dramatically improve observed immune responses. Here we describe the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of peptide amphiphile micelles to elicit a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Barrett
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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282
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Lackman JJ, Goth CK, Halim A, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Petäjä-Repo UE. Site-specific O-glycosylation of N-terminal serine residues by polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 2 modulates human δ-opioid receptor turnover at the plasma membrane. Cell Signal 2018; 42:184-193. [PMID: 29097258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important protein family of signalling receptors that govern a wide variety of physiological functions. The capacity to transmit extracellular signals and the extent of cellular response are largely determined by the amount of functional receptors at the cell surface that is subject to complex and fine-tuned regulation. Here, we demonstrate that the cell surface expression level of an inhibitory GPCR, the human δ-opioid receptor (hδOR) involved in pain and mood regulation, is modulated by site-specific N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) -type O-glycosylation. Importantly, we identified one out of the 20 polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoforms, GalNAc-T2, as the specific regulator of O-glycosylation of Ser6, Ser25 and Ser29 in the N-terminal ectodomain of the receptor. This was demonstrated by in vitro glycosylation assays using peptides corresponding to the hδOR N-terminus, Vicia villosa lectin affinity purification of receptors expressed in HEK293 SimpleCells capable of synthesizing only truncated O-glycans, GalNAc-T edited cell line model systems, and site-directed mutagenesis of the putative O-glycosylation sites. Interestingly, a single-nucleotide polymorphism, at residue 27 (F27C), was found to alter O-glycosylation of the receptor in efficiency as well as in glycosite usage. Furthermore, flow cytometry and cell surface biotinylation assays using O-glycan deficient CHO-ldlD cells revealed that the absence of O-glycans results in decreased receptor levels at the plasma membrane due to enhanced turnover. In addition, mutation of the identified O-glycosylation sites led to a decrease in the number of ligand-binding competent receptors and impaired agonist-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation in HEK293 cells. Thus, site-specific O-glycosylation by a selected GalNAc-T isoform can increase the stability of a GPCR, in a process that modulates the constitutive turnover and steady-state levels of functional receptors at the cell surface.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylgalactosamine/chemistry
- Acetylgalactosamine/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Chromatography, Affinity/methods
- Cricetulus
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- HEK293 Cells
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/metabolism
- Plant Lectins/chemistry
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Stability
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Serine/metabolism
- Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko J Lackman
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulla E Petäjä-Repo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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283
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Abstract
Aggregation of proteins into amyloids has long been recognized as one of the major contributors to disease and aging. Amyloids are known to catalyze their own formation but they have been considered the rock-bottom thermodynamic minimum of the protein fold without much functionality. We have recently demonstrated that aggregation of short peptides in the presence of metal ions gives rise to efficient catalytic activity. Here we present a detailed protocol for the synthesis and purification of these peptides and the preparation of amyloid-like fibrils. Then we describe an easy-to-perform, high-throughput assay to measure their hydrolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Caroline M Rufo
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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284
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Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is an important field in biomaterials in which short peptides are designed to aggregate into nanostructures that often form hydrogels. These peptides are typically made using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), a technique in which amino acids are added sequentially to a growing chain. This technique has been used to synthesize peptides with more than 100 amino acids. However, self-assembling peptides are designed to aggregate in solution, which often reduces coupling efficiency during synthesis and makes purification more difficult. Here, an outline of solid-phase peptide synthesis is provided, along with steps that can be used to improve the synthetic yield and purification of self-assembling peptides for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thomas Pashuck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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285
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Unzueta U, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Roldán M, Sánchez-Chardi A, Mangues R, Villaverde A, Vázquez E. Engineering multifunctional protein nanoparticles by in vitro disassembling and reassembling of heterologous building blocks. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:505102. [PMID: 29072576 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of protein self-assembling at the nanoscale allows the generation of functional and biocompatible materials, which can be produced by easy biological fabrication. The combination of cationic and histidine-rich stretches in fusion proteins promotes oligomerization as stable protein-only regular nanoparticles that are composed by a moderate number of building blocks. Among other applications, these materials are highly appealing as tools in targeted drug delivery once empowered with peptidic ligands of cell surface receptors. In this context, we have dissected here this simple technological platform regarding the controlled disassembling and reassembling of the composing building blocks. By applying high salt and imidazole in combination, nanoparticles are disassembled in a process that is fully reversible upon removal of the disrupting agents. By taking this approach, we accomplish here the in vitro generation of hybrid nanoparticles formed by heterologous building blocks. This fact demonstrates the capability to generate multifunctional and/or multiparatopic or multispecific materials usable in nanomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugutz Unzueta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, E-08025 Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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286
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Fu H, Wu H, Zhang X, Huang J, He X, Chen L, Guo W, Guo X, Hao B, Li Y. Pre-clinical study of a TNFR1-targeted 18F probe for PET imaging of breast cancer. Amino Acids 2017; 50:409-419. [PMID: 29243062 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) is overexpressed in several varieties of carcinoma, including breast cancer. WH701 (Ala-Thr-Ala-Gln-Ser-Ala-Tyr-Gly), which was identified by phage display, can specifically bind to TNFR1. In this study, we labeled WH701 with 18F and investigated its tumor diagnostic value. WH701 was synthesized by standard Fmoc-solid phase synthetic protocols and conjugated by NOTA-NHS. NOTA-WH701 was radiolabeled with 18F using NOTA-AlF chelation reaction. The tumor target properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using MCF-7 xenografts and inflammation models. [18F]AlF-NOTA-WH701 was labeled in 25 min with a decay-corrected yield of 38.1 ± 4.8% (n = 5) and a specific activity of 10.4-13.0 GBq/μmol. WH701 had relatively high affinity for MCF-7 cells in vitro and [18F]AlF-NOTA-WH701 displayed relatively high tumor uptake in vivo. The tumor to muscle ratio was 4.25 ± 0.56 at 30 min post-injection (p.i.); further, there was a significant difference between the tumor/muscle and inflammation/muscle (3.22 ± 0.56) ratio, which could differentiate the tumor and inflammation. The tumor uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-WH701 could be inhibited by 71.1% by unlabeled WH701 at 30 min p.i. We have developed a promising PET tracer [18F]AlF-NOTA-WH701 for the noninvasive detection of breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaojiang He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichun Chen
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiuyu Guo
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Hao
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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287
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Marques CMS, Nunes EA, Lago L, Pedron CN, Manieri TM, Sato RH, Oliveira VX, Cerchiaro G. Generation of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) by glycoxidation mediated by copper and ROS in a human serum albumin (HSA) model peptide: reaction mechanism and damage in motor neuron cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2017; 824:42-51. [PMID: 29150049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose, in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acts as an as an oxidative agent and drives deleterious processes in Diabetes Mellitus. We have studied the mechanism and the toxicological effects of glucose-dependent glycoxidation reactions driven by copper and ROS, using a model peptide based on the exposed sequence of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and containing a lysine residue susceptible to copper complexation. The main products of these reactions are Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). Carboxymethyl lysine and pyrraline condensed on the model peptide, generating a Modified Peptide (MP). These products were isolated, purified, and tested on cultured motor neuron cells. We observed DNA damage, enhancement of membrane roughness, and formation of domes. We evaluated nuclear abnormalities by the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and we measured cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, chromosomal breakage, nuclear abnormalities, and cell death. AGEs formed by glycoxidation caused large micronucleus aberrations, apoptosis, and large-scale nuclear abnormalities, even at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lago
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Nicolaski Pedron
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria Manieri
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Hiromi Sato
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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288
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Learte-Aymamí S, Curado N, Rodríguez J, Vázquez ME, Mascareñas JL. Metal-Dependent DNA Recognition and Cell Internalization of Designed, Basic Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16188-16193. [PMID: 29056048 PMCID: PMC5741177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fragment of the DNA basic region (br) of the GCN4 bZIP transcription factor has been modified to include two His residues at designed i and i+4 positions of its N-terminus. The resulting monomeric peptide (brHis2) does not bind to its consensus target DNA site (5'-GTCAT-3'). However, addition of Pd(en)Cl2 (en, ethylenediamine) promotes a high-affinity interaction with exquisite selectivity for this sequence. The peptide-DNA complex is disassembled by addition of a slight excess of a palladium chelator, and the interaction can be reversibly switched multiple times by playing with controlled amounts of either the metal complex or the chelator. Importantly, while the peptide brHis2 fails to translocate across cell membranes on its own, addition of the palladium reagent induces an efficient cell internalization of this peptide. In short, we report (1) a designed, short peptide that displays highly selective, major groove DNA binding, (2) a reversible, metal-dependent DNA interaction, and (3) a metal-promoted cell internalization of this basic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Learte-Aymamí
- Centro Singular de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Natalia Curado
- Centro Singular de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jéssica Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Eugenio Vázquez
- Centro Singular de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación
en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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289
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Lara Carrillo JA, Fierro Medina R, Manríquez Rocha J, Bustos Bustos E, Insuasty Cepeda DS, García Castañeda JE, Rivera Monroy ZJ. Design, Synthesis, and Use of Peptides Derived from Human Papillomavirus L1 Protein for the Modification of Gold Electrode Surfaces by Self-Assembled Monolayers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111970. [PMID: 29135944 PMCID: PMC6150238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain gold electrode surfaces modified with Human Papillomavirus L1 protein (HPV L1)-derived peptides, two sequences, SPINNTKPHEAR and YIK, were chosen. Both have been recognized by means of sera from patients infected with HPV. The molecules, Fc-Ahx-SPINNTKPHEAR, Ac–C–Ahx-(Fc)KSPINNTKPHEAR, Ac–C–Ahx-SPINNTKPHEAR(Fc)K, C–Ahx–SPINNTKPHEAR, and (YIK)2–Ahx–C, were designed, synthesized, and characterized. Our results suggest that peptides derived from the SPINNTKPHEAR sequence, containing ferrocene and cysteine residues, are not stable and not adequate for electrode surface modification. The surface of polycrystalline gold electrodes was modified with the peptides C-Ahx-SPINNTKPHEAR or (YIK)2-Ahx-C through self-assembly. The modified polycrystalline gold electrodes were characterized via infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The thermodynamic parameters, surface coverage factor, and medium pH effect were determined for these surfaces. The results indicate that surface modification depends on the peptide sequence (length, amino acid composition, polyvalence, etc.). The influence of antipeptide antibodies on the voltammetric response of the modified electrode was evaluated by comparing results obtained with pre-immune and post-immune serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alejandro Lara Carrillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 213, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ricardo Fierro Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 334, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan Manríquez Rocha
- Department of Research, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Erika Bustos Bustos
- Department of Research, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Diego Sebastián Insuasty Cepeda
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 334, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Javier Eduardo García Castañeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 213, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera Monroy
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 334, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
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290
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Vinogradov AA, Gates ZP, Zhang C, Quartararo AJ, Halloran KH, Pentelute BL. Library Design-Facilitated High-Throughput Sequencing of Synthetic Peptide Libraries. ACS Comb Sci 2017; 19:694-701. [PMID: 28892357 PMCID: PMC5818986 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A methodology to achieve high-throughput de novo sequencing of synthetic peptide mixtures is reported. The approach leverages shotgun nanoliquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry-based de novo sequencing of library mixtures (up to 2000 peptides) as well as automated data analysis protocols to filter away incorrect assignments, noise, and synthetic side-products. For increasing the confidence in the sequencing results, mass spectrometry-friendly library designs were developed that enabled unambiguous decoding of up to 600 peptide sequences per hour while maintaining greater than 85% sequence identification rates in most cases. The reliability of the reported decoding strategy was additionally confirmed by matching fragmentation spectra for select authentic peptides identified from library sequencing samples. The methods reported here are directly applicable to screening techniques that yield mixtures of active compounds, including particle sorting of one-bead one-compound libraries and affinity enrichment of synthetic library mixtures performed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-563, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-563, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anthony J. Quartararo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-563, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kathryn H. Halloran
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-563, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-563, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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291
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Sun Y, Wollenberg AL, O’Shea TM, Cui Y, Zhou ZH, Sofroniew MV, Deming TJ. Conformation-Directed Formation of Self-Healing Diblock Copolypeptide Hydrogels via Polyion Complexation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15114-15121. [PMID: 28976744 PMCID: PMC6037417 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic diblock copolypeptides were designed to incorporate oppositely charged ionic segments that form β-sheet-structured hydrogel assemblies via polyion complexation when mixed in aqueous media. The observed chain conformation directed assembly was found to be required for efficient hydrogel formation and provided distinct and useful properties to these hydrogels, including self-healing after deformation, microporous architecture, and stability against dilution in aqueous media. While many promising self-assembled materials have been prepared using disordered or liquid coacervate polyion complex (PIC) assemblies, the use of ordered chain conformations in PIC assemblies to direct formation of new supramolecular morphologies is unprecedented. The promising attributes and unique features of the β-sheet-structured PIC hydrogels described here highlight the potential of harnessing conformational order derived from PIC assembly to create new supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintao Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander L. Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy Mark O’Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael V. Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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292
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Guttenplan APM, Young LJ, Matak-Vinkovic D, Kaminski CF, Knowles TPJ, Itzhaki LS. Nanoscale click-reactive scaffolds from peptide self-assembly. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:70. [PMID: 28985740 PMCID: PMC6389178 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their natural tendency to self-assemble, proteins and peptides are important components for organic nanotechnology. One particular class of peptides of recent interest is those that form amyloid fibrils, as this self-assembly results in extremely strong, stable quasi-one-dimensional structures which can be used to organise a wide range of cargo species including proteins and oligonucleotides. However, assembly of peptides already conjugated to proteins is limited to cargo species that do not interfere sterically with the assembly process or misfold under the harsh conditions often used for assembly. Therefore, a general method is needed to conjugate proteins and other molecules to amyloid fibrils after the fibrils have self-assembled. RESULTS Here we have designed an amyloidogenic peptide based on the TTR105-115 fragment of transthyretin to form fibrils that display an alkyne functionality, important for bioorthogonal chemical reactions, on their surface. The fibrils were formed and reacted both with an azide-containing amino acid and with an azide-functionalised dye by the Huisgen cycloaddition, one of the class of "click" reactions. Mass spectrometry and total internal reflection fluorescence optical microscopy were used to show that peptides incorporated into the fibrils reacted with the azide while maintaining the structure of the fibril. These click-functionalised amyloid fibrils have a variety of potential uses in materials and as scaffolds for bionanotechnology. DISCUSSION Although previous studies have produced peptides that can both form amyloid fibrils and undergo "click"-type reactions, this is the first example of amyloid fibrils that can undergo such a reaction after they have been formed. Our approach has the advantage that self-assembly takes place before click functionalization rather than pre-functionalised building blocks self-assembling. Therefore, the molecules used to functionalise the fibril do not themselves have to be exposed to harsh, amyloid-forming conditions. This means that a wider range of proteins can be used as ligands in this process. For instance, the fibrils can be functionalised with a green fluorescent protein that retains its fluorescence after it is attached to the fibrils, whereas this protein loses its fluorescence if it is exposed to the conditions used for aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. M. Guttenplan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laurence J. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Dijana Matak-Vinkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
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293
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Oyama E, Takahashi H, Ishii K. Effect of amino acids near the RGD sequence on binding activities between αIIbβ3 integrin and fibrinogen in the presence of RGD-containing synthetic peptides from elegantin and angustatin. Peptides 2017; 96:31-37. [PMID: 28887046 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elegantin and angustatin, which were isolated from the snake venoms of Protobothrops elegans and Dendroaspis angusticeps, markedly inhibit binding between platelet integrins and fibrinogen via the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. Angustatin, which is a three-finger toxin containing the RGD sequence, inhibits platelet aggregation almost ten times more strongly than disintegrin isolated from the venoms of Viperidae and Crotalidae. The RGD sequences of both polypeptides are located at the top of hairpin loops, and the composition of the RGD loop is very important for binding to integrin. We investigated the effects of synthetic RGD loop peptides from angustatin and elegantin on ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation and αIIbβ3-fibrinogen binding. Synthetic angustatin (PRGDMP)-type peptides inhibited platelet aggregation more strongly than elegantin (ARGDDX)-type peptides. In particular, the cyclic angustatin peptide (CPRGDMPC) inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation at least 10-50 times more strongly than the other peptides. The cyclic angustatin peptide (CPRGDMPC) was also the strongest inhibitor of binding between αIIbβ3 and fibrinogen, the IC50 of this peptide was approximately 2.58μM. Regarding the inhibition of binding between αIIbβ3 and fibrinogen, CPRGDMPC demonstrated a stronger inhibitory and more stable effect in the presence of Mg2+ than in the presence of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Oyama
- Department of Hyginic chemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Hidenobu Takahashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishii
- Department of Hyginic chemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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294
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Beck Erlach M, Koehler J, Crusca E, Munte CE, Kainosho M, Kremer W, Kalbitzer HR. Pressure dependence of side chain 13C chemical shifts in model peptides Ac-Gly-Gly-Xxx-Ala-NH 2. J Biomol NMR 2017; 69:53-67. [PMID: 28913741 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-017-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For evaluating the pressure responses of folded as well as intrinsically unfolded proteins detectable by NMR spectroscopy the availability of data from well-defined model systems is indispensable. In this work we report the pressure dependence of 13C chemical shifts of the side chain atoms in the protected tetrapeptides Ac-Gly-Gly-Xxx-Ala-NH2 (Xxx, one of the 20 canonical amino acids). Contrary to expectation the chemical shifts of a number of nuclei have a nonlinear dependence on pressure in the range from 0.1 to 200 MPa. The size of the polynomial pressure coefficients B 1 and B 2 is dependent on the type of atom and amino acid studied. For HN, N and Cα the first order pressure coefficient B 1 is also correlated to the chemical shift at atmospheric pressure. The first and second order pressure coefficients of a given type of carbon atom show significant linear correlations suggesting that the NMR observable pressure effects in the different amino acids have at least partly the same physical cause. In line with this observation the magnitude of the second order coefficients of nuclei being direct neighbors in the chemical structure also are weakly correlated. The downfield shifts of the methyl resonances suggest that gauche conformers of the side chains are not preferred with pressure. The valine and leucine methyl groups in the model peptides were assigned using stereospecifically 13C enriched amino acids with the pro-R carbons downfield shifted relative to the pro-S carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Beck Erlach
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Koehler
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edson Crusca
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Claudia E Munte
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Masatsune Kainosho
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Werner Kremer
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Robert Kalbitzer
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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295
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Thomas E, Colombeau L, Gries M, Peterlini T, Mathieu C, Thomas N, Boura C, Frochot C, Vanderesse R, Lux F, Barberi-Heyob M, Tillement O. Ultrasmall AGuIX theranostic nanoparticles for vascular-targeted interstitial photodynamic therapy of glioblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7075-7088. [PMID: 29026302 PMCID: PMC5627731 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite combined treatments, glioblastoma outcome remains poor with frequent local recurrences, indicating that a more efficient and local therapy is needed. In this way, vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) could help tumor eradication by destroying its neovessels. In this study, we designed a polysiloxane-based nanoparticle (NP) combining a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, a photosensitizer (PS) and a new ligand peptide motif (KDKPPR) targeting neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a receptor overexpressed by angiogenic endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. This structure achieves the detection of the tumor tissue and its proliferating part by MRI analysis, followed by its treatment by VTP. The photophysical properties of the PS and the peptide affinity for NRP-1 recombinant protein were preserved after the functionalization of NPs. Cellular uptake of NPs by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was increased twice compared to NPs without the KDKPPR peptide moiety or conjugated with a scramble peptide. NPs induced no cytotoxicity without light exposure but conferred a photocytotoxic effect to cells after photodynamic therapy (PDT). The in vivo selectivity, evaluated using a skinfold chamber model in mice, confirms that the functionalized NPs with KDKPPR peptide moiety were localized in the tumor vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Thomas
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière, Lyon
| | - Ludovic Colombeau
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, Nancy
| | - Mickaël Gries
- Université de Lorraine, Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN)
- CNRS, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Thibaut Peterlini
- Université de Lorraine, Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN)
- CNRS, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Clélia Mathieu
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière, Lyon
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN)
- CNRS, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Cédric Boura
- Université de Lorraine, Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN)
- CNRS, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, Nancy
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, Nancy, France
| | - François Lux
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière, Lyon
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- Université de Lorraine, Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN)
- CNRS, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière, Lyon
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296
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Kimura H, Fujita N, Kanbe K, Matsuda H, Watanabe H, Arimitsu K, Fujimoto H, Hamamatsu K, Yagi Y, Ono M, Inagaki N, Saji H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of an 111In-labeled exendin-4 derivative as a single-photon emission computed tomography probe for imaging pancreatic β-cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5772-5778. [PMID: 28927802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A non-invasive method of pancreatic β-cell mass measurement is needed to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes, facilitate the early diagnosis of this disease, and promote the development of novel therapeutics. Here, we described the synthesis of a novel indium-111 (111In) exendin-4 derivative, [Lys12(In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4, through a process involving isothiocyanate-benzyl-DTPA (BnDTPA) and 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) attached to an ɛ-amino group at the lysine-12 residue. We further evaluated the potential use of this derivative as a SPECT probe for pancreatic β-cell imaging. An in vitro binding assay revealed that [Lys12(natIn-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 has a high affinity for GLP-1 receptors (IC50=0.43nM). In biodistribution experiments involving normal mice, high [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 uptake was observed in the pancreas (21.8 ± 4.0%ID/g) and was maintained for 2h after injection. Pre-injection of excess exendin(9-39) markedly reduced the pancreatic uptake of [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 (95.2%), indicating that the uptake of this tracer is specific and mediated by GLP-1 receptors. Ex vivo autoradiography experiments involving pancreatic sections from MIP-GFP mice confirmed the accumulation of [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 in pancreatic β-cells. Finally, in mice, [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 SPECT/CT yielded clear images of the pancreas at 30min post-injection. In conclusion, SPECT with [Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4 enables to visualize β-cells in vivo non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanbe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsuda
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Research & Development Division, Arkray, Inc., Yousuien-nai, 59 Gansuin-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0008, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Arimitsu
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujimoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keita Hamamatsu
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yagi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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297
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Shao C, Xu S, Song Y, Zhu D. Screening of antitumor polypeptide drug and enhanced CT imaging based on drug target analysis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:1883-1888. [PMID: 29084661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targeted antitumor drugs is a major progress in recent years, these drugs usually target specific molecules to tumor cell signaling pathways, reduce toxicity, and can achieve individualized treatment. In this study, we screened three polypeptide proteins by yeast two hybrid systems, which could inhibit tumor growth obviously. The results of this study are expected to further develop new antitumor drugs. Moreover, by using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging, this study proposes an algorithm for the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and classification of adrenal tumors. The experimental results demonstrate an excellent classification performance of this algorithm. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper may accurately locate and qualitatively diagnose the adrenal tumor in an effective manner, thereby providing important references for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Shao
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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298
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Hung KY, Harris PWR, Desai A, Marshall JF, Brimble MA. Structure-activity relationship study of the tumour-targeting peptide A20FMDV2 via modification of Lys16, Leu13, and N- and/or C-terminal functionality. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:154-164. [PMID: 28494253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The 20-residue linear peptide A20FMDV2 has been shown to exhibit high selectivity and affinity for the tumour-related αvβ6 integrin and has potential as a vector for therapeutic drugs. However, it exhibits poor half-life in plasma in part due to its high susceptibility to serum proteases. In this study fourteen A20FMDV2 analogues incorporating non-proteinogenic substitutes of the native Lys16 and Leu13 residues and six A20FMDV2 analogues containing modified N- and C-termini were synthesised to increase the half-life and activity of A20FMDV2. The analogues incorporating modified terminal motifs of A20FMDV2 were found to strongly bind to the αvβ6 integrin and were subsequently functionalized with the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelating agent to facilitate coupling with radioactive indium-111 for human plasma stability and in vivo biodistribution studies. A20FMDV2 peptide variants incorporating an N-terminal d-Asn and C-terminal d-Thr exhibited improved relative activity in vitro and were less susceptible to plasma degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yuan Hung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1010, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ami Desai
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - John F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1010, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1010, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1010, New Zealand.
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299
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Petszulat H, Seitz O. A fluorogenic native chemical ligation for assessing the role of distance in peptide-templated peptide ligation. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5022-5030. [PMID: 28823838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-templated reactions have been used for fragment-based drug discovery as well as for covalent labeling, detection and manipulation of proteins. In spite of the growing interest in protein-templated reactions, little is known about the design criteria. Herein we present a systematic study on the effects of proximity in peptide-templated reactions. To facilitate reaction monitoring at low concentrations we developed a fluorogenic native chemical ligation that is based on the integration of a fluorescence quencher in the thiol leaving group. The reaction system provided up to 39-fold increases of emission from a fluorescein unit. By using templates based on coiled coils as models we investigated the effect of misalignments. The distance-reactivity pattern for remotely aligned peptides was remarkably different to reaction scenarios that involved seamlessly annealed peptides with overhanging functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Petszulat
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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300
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Tian Y, Zhang HV, Kiick KL, Saven JG, Pochan DJ. Transition from disordered aggregates to ordered lattices: kinetic control of the assembly of a computationally designed peptide. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6109-6118. [PMID: 28639674 PMCID: PMC8783983 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01197k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural biomolecular self-assembly typically occurs under a narrow range of solution conditions, and the design of sequences that can form prescribed structures under a range of such conditions would be valuable in the bottom-up assembly of predetermined nanostructures. We present a computationally designed peptide that robustly self-assembles into regular arrays under a wide range of solution pH and temperature conditions. Controling the solution conditions provides the opportunity to exploit a simple and reproducible approach for altering the pathway of peptide solution self-assembly. The computationally designed peptide forms a homotetrameric coiled-coil bundle that further self-assembles into 2-D plate structures with well-defined inter-bundle symmetry. Herein, we present how modulation of solution conditions, such as pH and temperature, can be used to control the kinetics of the inter-bundle assembly and manipulate the final morphology. Changes in solution pH primarily influence the inter-bundle assembly by affecting the charged state of ionizable residues on the bundle exterior while leaving the homotetrameric coiled-coil structure intact. At low pH, repulsive interactions prevent 2-D lattice nanostructure formation. Near the estimated isoelectric point of the peptide, bundle aggregation is rapid and yields disordered products, which subsequently transform into ordered nanostructures over days to weeks. At elevated temperatures (T = 40 °C or 50 °C), the formation of disordered, kinetically-trapped products largely can be eliminated, allowing the system to quickly assemble into plate-like nanostructured lattices. Moreover, subtle changes in pH and in the peptide charge state have a significant influence on the thickness of formed plates and on the hierarchical manner in which plates fuse into larger material structures with observable grain boundaries. These findings confirm the ability to finely tune the peptide assembly process to achieve a range of engineered structures with one simple 29-residue peptide building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Huixi Violet Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Jeffery G Saven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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