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Zöggeler T, Kavallar AM, Pollio AR, Aldrian D, Decristoforo C, Scholl-Bürgi S, Müller T, Vogel GF. Meta-analysis of shotgun sequencing of gut microbiota in obese children with MASLD or MASH. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2508951. [PMID: 40396204 PMCID: PMC12101585 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2508951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiome affect the development and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We analyzed microbiomes of obese children with and without MASLD, MASH, and healthy controls. Electronic databases were searched for studies on the gut microbiome in children with obesity with/without MASLD or MASH, providing shotgun-metagenomic-sequencing data. Nine studies and an additionally recruited cohort were included. Fecal microbiomes of children with MASLD (n = 153) and MASH (n = 70) were significantly different in alpha- and beta-diversity (p < 0.001) compared to obese (n = 58) and healthy (n = 132). Species Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii and Prevotella_copri are differentially abundant between obese, MASLD and MASH groups. XGBoost and random forest-models accurately predict MASLD over obesity with an AUROC of 87% and MASH over MASLD with 89%. Pathway-abundance-based models accurately predict MASLD over obesity with an AUROC of 81% and MASH over MASLD with 88%. The composition of the gut microbiome is altered with increasing hepatic fibrosis and concomitant species-abundance increase of Prevotella_copri (p = 0.0082). Machine-learning models discriminate pediatric from adult MASH with an AUROC of 97%. The gut microbial composition is increasingly altered in children with the progression of MASLD toward MASH. This can be utilized as a fecal biomarker and highlights the impact of diet on the gut microbiome for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zöggeler
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Kavallar
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adam Robert Pollio
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Denise Aldrian
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Friedrich Vogel
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gui Z, Chen X, Wang D, Chen Z, Liu S, Yu G, Jiang Y, Duan H, Pan D, Lin X, Liu L, Wan H, Shen J. Inflammatory and metabolic markers mediate the association of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with 10-year ASCVD risk. Ann Med 2025; 57:2486594. [PMID: 40189927 PMCID: PMC11980196 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2486594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver steatosis and fibrosis increase the predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, though the roles of chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation remain unclear. This cross-sectional study quantitatively assesses this association and evaluates the mediating effects of metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation. METHODS In this study, we enrolled 6110 adults from ten communities in Canton, China. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) through controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), while predicted 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the China-PAR project model. Associations between CAP/LSM values and predicted 10-year ASCVD risk were analyzed. Mediation analysis quantified the effects of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), remnant cholesterol (RC), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). The main statistical methods used included logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis, interaction calculations, and mediation analysis to examine the relationships and mediators. RESULTS The study population had a mean age of 50.1 years (SD = 9.7), with 3927 females (64.3%) and 2183 males (35.7%). Additionally, 808 participants (13.2%) had type 2 diabetes, and 1911 participants (31.3%) had hypertension. Compared to the first CAP quartile (Q1), higher CAP quartiles showed increased odds ratios (OR) for predicted moderate to high 10-year ASCVD risk: 1.14 (0.89, 1.45), 1.37 (1.08, 1.73), and 2.44 (1.93, 3.10). Mediation analysis showed hs-CRP and HOMA-IR mediated CAP's link to ASCVD risk, with mediation proportions of 15.40% and 27.37%. RC and non-HDL-C mediated this association at 7.12% and 6.26%. Among patients with hepatic steatosis (CAP ≥ 248 dB/m), LSM Q4 participants had a significantly higher predicted 10-year ASCVD risk than those in LSM Q1 (OR 2.22, [1.52, 3.25]), with hs-CRP and HOMA-IR mediating 2.62% and 13.75%, respectively. CONCLUSION Liver steatosis and fibrosis were associated with the increased predicted ASCVD risk, with mediation effects from hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, RC, and non-HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Gui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Genfeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hualin Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Daoyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Gu S, Chen C, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao L, Xiong Z, Zhang H, Deng T, Pan Q, Zheng Y, Li Y. Camellia Japonica Radix modulates gut microbiota and 9(S)-HpODE-mediated ferroptosis to alleviate oxidative stress against MASLD. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 143:156806. [PMID: 40334428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia japonica radix (CJR), derived from the root of Camellia japonica L., has the potential to function as an herbal tea substitute for the prevention and intervention of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). It can provide systemic therapeutic benefits, boast a favorable safety profile, facilitate convenient consumption, and support long-term applicability. Despite its potential, research on CJR remains limited. PURPOSE The aim of this study aims is to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of CJR in MASLD, thereby providing evidence to support its clinical application. METHODS The therapeutic effects of CJR were evaluated using a water-supplementation model in MASLD mice. Integrated microbiome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses were employed to comprehensively explore the mechanisms involved. A drug-target pull-down assay was performed to identify specific protein targets of small molecule metabolites in vitro. Fecal microbiota transplantation in antibiotic-treated ABX mice was conducted to confirm the critical role of gut microbiota and its metabolites. Furthermore, customized medicated feed supplemented with linoleic acid was used to explore the intervention effect of its metabolite, 9(S)-HpODE, as well as to evaluate its dietary intervention potential. RESULTS This present study explicitly elucidates the efficacy of CJR extract in alleviating hepatic inflammation and steatosis in a MASLD model mice, with its pharmacological mechanism associated with gut microbiota, linoleic acid metabolism, and GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Notably, 9(S)-HpODE was discovered to be a key metabolite of linoleic acid, which could target both KEAP1 and SLC7A11, bidirectionally regulating GPX4-mediated ferroptosis, while acting as a signaling molecule at low doses to induce redox adaptation via oxidative preconditioning, thus ameliorating oxidative stress in MASLD. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that both CJR and linoleic acid exhibit significant potential as dietary interventions for the management of MASLD, offering promising avenues for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhekun Xiong
- Department of Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Taoying Deng
- Department of Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Qihui Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Dai L, Liu Z, Guo C, Fan H, Zhang C, Huang J, Zhang X, Zhao S, Wang H, Zhang T. Proteomic insights into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease: Identifying therapeutic targets and assessing on-target side effects. Life Sci 2025; 373:123665. [PMID: 40287056 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rising sharply, yet treatment options remain inadequate. To uncover new therapeutic targets for MASLD, we conducted a comprehensive proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Discovery MR utilized protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data on 4907 plasma protein levels from 35,559 individuals, alongside genome-wide association study (GWAS) on MASLD from the Million Veteran Program (68,725 cases / 95,482 controls). Validation comprised five pairwise combinations of these discovery datasets with three additional datasets: pQTL data for 2923 proteins from the UK Biobank, and liver biopsy-confirmed MASLD GWAS (1483 cases/17,781 controls) and MRI-liver fat GWAS (31,377 subjects) (excluding discovery pair). Candidate proteins underwent druggability assessment and on-target side effect evaluation via PheWAS. KEY FINDINGS We identified 26 proteins associated with MASLD after Bonferroni correction (P < 1.16 × 10-5), with 19 of them showing no significant reverse association. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), alpha-1-antitrypsin (α1-antitrypsin), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (5-HT7R), ephrin-B1 (EFNB1), and protein MENT (CA056) were replicated. Notably, IL-6 (OR = 2.02; 95 % CI 1.54-2.64), 5-HT7R (OR = 2.73; 95 % CI 1.96-3.80), and EFNB1 (OR = 1.82; 95 % CI 1.59-2.08) were positively associated with MASLD risk, whereas α1-antitrypsin (OR = 0.84; 95 % CI 0.78-0.90) and CA056 (OR = 0.90; 95 % CI 0.86-0.94) appeared protective. Among these, IL-6, 5-HT7R, and α1-antitrypsin were druggable. PheWAS identified potential cardiovascular side effects for 5-HT7R and α1-antitrypsin. SIGNIFICANCE The integrative study identified several plasma proteins associated with MASLD. IL-6, α1-antitrypsin, 5-HT7R, EFNB1 and CA056 deserve further investigation as potential drug targets for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Human Phenome Institute, Research and Innovation Center, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Chengnan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hajek M, Sedivy P, Burian M, Mikova I, Trunecka P, Pajuelo D, Dezortova M. Liver Fat Fraction and Machine Learning Improve Steatohepatitis Diagnosis in Liver Transplant Patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2025; 38:e70077. [PMID: 40491220 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.70077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 05/27/2025] [Accepted: 05/28/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025]
Abstract
Machine learning identifies liver fat fraction (FF) measured by 1H MR spectroscopy, insulinemia, and elastography as robust, non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing steatohepatitis in liver transplant patients, validated through decision tree analysis. Compared to the general population (~5.8% prevalence), MASH is significantly more common in liver transplant recipients (~30%-50%). In patients with FF > 5.3%, the positive predictive value for MASH ranged up to 97%, more than twice the value observed in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Hajek
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedivy
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Burian
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Mikova
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trunecka
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Pajuelo
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dezortova
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ibrahim M, Ba-Essa EM, Alvarez JA, Baker J, Bruni V, Cahn A, Ceriello A, Cosentino F, Davies MJ, De Domenico F, Eckel RH, Friedman AN, Goldney J, Hamtzany O, Isaacs S, Karadeniz S, Leslie RD, Lingvay I, McLaughlin S, Mobarak O, Del Prato S, Prattichizzo F, Rizzo M, Rötzer RD, le Roux CW, Schnell O, Seferovic PM, Somers VK, Standl E, Thomas A, Tuccinardi D, Valensi P, Umpierrez GE. Obesity and its management in primary care setting. J Diabetes Complications 2025; 39:109045. [PMID: 40305970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic affecting adults and children, regardless of their socioeconomic status. Significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic causes contributing to obesity, shedding light on a portion of cases worldwide. In young children with severe obesity however, recessive mutations, i.e., leptin or leptin receptor deficiency should be sought. Much more has been learned about the far-reaching impact of obesity on complications, including cardiovascular disease, liver and kidney dysfunction, diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, sleep, cancer, and the eye. Preventive strategies, particularly in children, are crucial for reducing obesity rates and mitigating its long-term complications. While dietary modifications and lifestyle changes remain the cornerstone of obesity prevention or treatment, recent advancements have introduced highly effective pharmacological options complementing weight-reduction surgery. Newer medications, like incretin-based therapies including glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1RA), have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in promoting weight loss, offering new insights into margining obesity-related conditions. Primary care providers, whether treating adults or children, play a pivotal role in preventing obesity, initiating treatment, and making onward referrals to specialists to assist in managing obesity and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipids, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Vincenzo Bruni
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Avivit Cahn
- The Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; The faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Francesco De Domenico
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Robert H Eckel
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Allon N Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jonathan Goldney
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Omer Hamtzany
- Division of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Scott Isaacs
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipids, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Richard David Leslie
- Blizard Institute, Centre of Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Department of Internal Medicine/ Endocrinology and Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Sue McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition Services, Nebraska Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA; Public Health Department, Winnebago Comprehensive Healthcare System, Winnebago, NE, USA
| | - Omar Mobarak
- Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- University of Pisa and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- School of Medicine, Promise Department, University of Palermo, Italy; College of Medicine, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes eV at the Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Petar M Seferovic
- Academician, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Professor, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine and Belgrade University Medical Center, Serbia
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eberhard Standl
- Forschergruppe Diabetes eV at the Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Paul Valensi
- Polyclinique d'Aubervilliers, Aubervilliers and Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipids, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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van Kleef LA, Pustjens J, Janssen HLA, Brouwer WP. Diagnostic Accuracy of the LiverRisk Score to Detect Increased Liver Stiffness Among a United States General Population and Subgroups. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2025; 15:102512. [PMID: 40093506 PMCID: PMC11908561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2025.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The LiverRisk score (LRS) has recently been proposed to predict liver fibrosis and future development of liver-related outcomes in the general population. Here, we performed an external validation of this score. Methods We used data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020, a United States population-based cohort to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the LRS to detect a liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥8 and ≥12 kPa. Performance was tested among the entire general population and clinically relevant subgroups. Results The cohort comprised 7,025 participants (aged 49 [33-63], 49% male), and 9.7% had an LSM ≥8 and 3.2% had an LSM ≥12 kPa. The area under the receiver characteristic operator curve (AUC) in the overall population was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] :0.71-0.75) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81) to detect an LSM ≥8 and ≥ 12 kPa, respectively, significantly outperforming the fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4) but not the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE), or metabolic dysfunction-associated fibrosis 5 (MAF-5). Performance was consistent among most subgroups, but AUC levels to detect an LSM ≥8 kPa decreased to <0.70 among participants aged 18-40 or 60-80 years, blacks, and individuals with diabetes or liver steatosis. The LRS categorized 80.5% as very low risk, 17.7% as low risk, and 1.8% as at risk, prevalence of an LSM ≥8 in these groups was 6.3%, 20.8%, and 50.5%, respectively. The sensitivity to detect an LSM ≥8 kPa was 47.3% in the overall population (but dropped to 21.3% for individuals aged 18-40 years) despite applying the lowest cut-off, which should yield the highest sensitivity. Conclusion The LRS score is a promising new tool to predict liver fibrosis; however, its diagnostic accuracy attenuates especially among patients aged 18-40 or 60-80 years. The overall sensitivity was only 47.3% at the lowest LRS cut-off. Further studies assessing cost-benefit ratios according to the LRS compared to FIB-4 and other risk scores such as MAF-5 and SAFE are required to determine its usefulness in referral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens A van Kleef
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse Pustjens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Willem P Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Askeland-Gjerde DE, Westlye LT, Andersson P, Korbmacher M, de Lange AM, van der Meer D, Smeland OB, Halvorsen S, Andreassen OA, Gurholt TP. Mediation Analyses Link Cardiometabolic Factors and Liver Fat With White Matter Hyperintensities and Cognitive Performance: A UK Biobank Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2025; 5:100488. [PMID: 40330223 PMCID: PMC12052680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fat is associated with cardiometabolic disease, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia. Cerebrovascular disease, most often cerebral small vessel disease, identified by magnetic resonance imaging as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) often contributes to dementia. However, liver fat's role in the relationship between cardiometabolic risk, WMHs, and cognitive performance is unclear. Methods In the UK Biobank cohort (N = 32,461, 52.6% female; mean age 64.2 ± 7.7 years; n = 23,354 in the cognitive performance subsample), we used linear regression to investigate associations between cardiometabolic factors measured at baseline and liver fat, WMHs, and cognitive performance measured at follow-up, which was 9.3 ± 2.0 years later on average. We used structural equation modeling to investigate whether liver fat mediated associations between cardiometabolic factors and WMHs and whether WMHs mediated associations between liver fat and cognitive performance. Results Nearly all cardiometabolic factors were significantly associated with liver fat (|r| range = 0.03-0.41, p = 3.4 × 10-8 to 0) and WMHs (|r| = 0.04-0.15, p = 5.8 × 10-13 to 7.0 × 10-159) in regression models. Liver fat was associated with WMHs (r = 0.11, p = 4.3 × 10-82) and cognitive performance (r = -0.03, p = 1.6 × 10-7). Liver fat mediated the associations between cardiometabolic factors and WMHs (|βmediation| = 0.003-0.027, p mediation = 1.9 × 10-8 to 0), and WMHs mediated the associations between liver fat and cognitive performance (βmediation = -0.01, p mediation = 0). Conclusions Our findings indicate that liver fat mediates associations between cardiometabolic factors and WMHs and that WMHs mediate the association between liver fat and cognitive performance. This suggests that liver fat may be important for understanding the effects of cardiometabolic factors on cerebrovascular disease and cognitive function. Experimental studies are warranted to determine relevant targets for preventing vascular-driven cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Askeland-Gjerde
- Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Max Korbmacher
- Neuro-SysMed Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie de Lange
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Angelo Azzi, Atkinson J, Ozer NK, Manor D, Wallert M, Galli F. Vitamin E nomenclature: Summary and response to articles published in the FRBM Vitamin E Discussion Forum. Free Radic Biol Med 2025; 234:277-282. [PMID: 40199430 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
The 3rd Vitamin E Satellite Symposium (VESS3) "100 years of vitamin E", held in 2022 during the joint meeting of the Society for Free Radical Research (SFRR)-Europe branch and the Plant Oxygen Group (POG), was an occasion to reunite the scientific community interested in vitamin E and debate on its fundamentals in human nutrition one century after its discovery. This conference initiated a discussion forum dedicated to the revision of the nomenclature of vitamin E that was hosted in this journal (https://www.sciencedirect.com/special-issue/10GWS76VWXX). The forum collected 8 papers, including the opening article "Vitamin E discussion forum - position paper on the revision of the nomenclature of vitamin E"(Azzi, Atkinson et al., 2023), that addressed the nomenclature issue essentially suggesting "to restrict to RRR-α-tocopherol the attribute of vitamin E″ and to identify "… other related molecules, including chroman-6-ols (i.e. non-α-tocopherols and tocotrienols) and chromen-6-ols by their chemical names until a disease is identified that is prevented by the specific compounds.". The articles published in this forum issue are summarized and their final considerations critically evaluated. The consensus to have come out of these articles favors the original revision proposal, with the modification of including all 2R stereoisomers of α-tocopherol (α-TOH), in addition to RRR-α-TOH (natural form), in the definition of vitamin E. Further and more rigorous studies on the molecular and clinical aspects of vitamin E essentiality were also advised together with studies on the essentiality of other vitamin E-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Azzi
- School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2S3A1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Uskudar University, 34662, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Danny Manor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Wallert
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Galli
- Human Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Lab, Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
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10
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Mohamed AA, Christensen DM, Mohammad M, Gluud LL, Knop FK, Biering-Sørensen T, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersson C, Schou M, Gislason G. The prognostic role of Fibrosis-4 score in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2025; 429:133174. [PMID: 40107387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2025] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are both associated with liver fibrosis. HFrEF patients may develop liver fibrosis due to hepatic congestion, MASLD, or a combination of both. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score calculated using age, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and platelet count, serves as a screening tool for advanced liver fibrosis. This study examines the association between the FIB-4 score and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in patients with HFrEF. METHOD AND RESULTS This study included 4523 HFrEF patients from the Danish Heart Failure Registry. Based on FIB-4 score, 25.5 % were low-risk, 45.7 % were indeterminate-risk, and 28.8 % were high-risk for advanced liver fibrosis. After five years, the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was 43 % for the high-risk group, 36 % for the indeterminate-risk group, and 23 % for the low-risk group. The indeterminate-risk and high-risk group had an increased hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality (HR 1.33, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.52; HR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.31-1.74) compared to the low-risk group. Similarly, HRs were elevated for cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.61, 95 % CI 1.27-2.05; HR 2.14, 95 % CI 1.67-2.74) and MALO (HR 1.77, 95 % CI 1.01-3.31; HR 2.54, 95 % CI 1.43-4.52). CONCLUSION A high FIB-4 score in patients with HFrEF is associated with increased mortality and MALO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Daniel M Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Milan Mohammad
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise L Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Kettegaards Alle 36, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Gentofte, Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Øster Farimagsgade 5, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, Øster Farimagsgade 5, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hillerød, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Center for Advanced Heart Disease, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trifylli EM, Angelakis A, Kriebardis AG, Papadopoulos N, Fortis SP, Pantazatou V, Koskinas J, Kranidioti H, Koustas E, Sarantis P, Manolakopoulos S, Deutsch M. Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease staging using explainable artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31:106937. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i22.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Revised: 04/18/2025] [Accepted: 05/22/2025] [Indexed: 06/12/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. Current diagnostic methods, such as liver biopsies, are invasive and have limitations, highlighting the need for non-invasive alternatives.
AIM To investigate extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and staging steatosis in patients with MASLD using machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI).
METHODS In this single-center observational study, 798 patients with metabolic dysfunction were enrolled. Of these, 194 met the eligibility criteria, and 76 successfully completed all study procedures. Transient elastography was used for steatosis and fibrosis staging, and circulating plasma EV characteristics were analyzed through nanoparticle tracking. Twenty ML models were developed: Six to differentiate non-steatosis (S0) from steatosis (S1-S3); and fourteen to identify severe steatosis (S3). Models utilized EV features (size and concentration), clinical (advanced fibrosis and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus), and anthropomorphic (sex, age, height, weight, body mass index) data. Their performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity, while correlation and XAI analysis were also conducted.
RESULTS The CatBoost C1a model achieved an ROC-AUC of 0.71/0.86 (train/test) on average across ten random five-fold cross-validations, using EV features alone to distinguish S0 from S1-S3. The CatBoost C2h-21 model achieved an ROC-AUC of 0.81/1.00 (train/test) on average across ten random three-fold cross-validations, using engineered features including EVs, clinical features like diabetes and advanced fibrosis, and anthropomorphic data like body mass index and weight for identifying severe steatosis (S3). Key predictors included EV mean size and concentration. Correlation, XAI, and SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis revealed non-linear feature relationships with steatosis stages.
CONCLUSION The EV-based ML models demonstrated that the mean size and concentration of circulating plasma EVs constituted key predictors for distinguishing the absence of significant steatosis (S0) in patients with metabolic dysfunction, while the combination of EV, clinical, and anthropomorphic features improved the diagnostic accuracy for the identification of severe steatosis. The algorithmic approach using ML and XAI captured non-linear patterns between disease features and provided interpretable MASLD staging insights. However, further large multicenter studies, comparisons, and validation with histopathology and advanced imaging methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Myrto Trifylli
- Gastrointestinal-Liver Unit, The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio,” Athens 11521, Greece
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 12243, Attikí, Greece
| | - Athanasios Angelakis
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
- Department of Methodology, Digital Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
- Data Science Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098, Netherlands
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 12243, Attikí, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Sotirios P Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 12243, Attikí, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pantazatou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 12243, Attikí, Greece
| | - John Koskinas
- Gastrointestinal-Liver Unit, The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio,” Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Hariklia Kranidioti
- Gastrointestinal-Liver Unit, The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio,” Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital Evangelismos, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Spilios Manolakopoulos
- Gastrointestinal-Liver Unit, The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio,” Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Melanie Deutsch
- Gastrointestinal-Liver Unit, The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio,” Athens 11521, Greece
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12
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Katsarou A, Papadopoulos G, Moustakas II, Papadopetraki A, Moustogiannis A, Legaki AI, Giannousi E, Agrogiannis G, Pantelis P, Veroutis D, Evangelou K, Kotsinas A, Gorgoulis VG, Philippou A, Koutsilieris M, Chatzigeorgiou A. Exercise mitigates liver senescence but does not outmatch dietary restriction in obesity-related MASLD. Metabolism 2025; 170:156325. [PMID: 40505886 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 06/06/2025] [Accepted: 06/09/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims at deciphering the individual or combined benefits of aerobic exercise and dietary restriction on liver senescence, a state characterized by cell cycle arrest and simultaneous resistance to apoptosis, which is considered an established hallmark of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS C57BL6 mice were subjected to a normal diet (ND) for 20 weeks or a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 5 % High-fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) for 12 weeks, followed by eight-week interventions, including dietary restriction (DR), aerobic exercise (EX), a combination of both (DREX) or continuation of a HFD-HFCS diet without intervention. Biomarkers of senescence were analyzed in terms of their liver mRNA expression levels, while GL13 and p21WAF1/CIP1 immunohistochemical stainings were conducted to examine the levels of senescence-associated lipofuscin and p21WAF1/CIP1 respectively, to finally investigate their relationship with the grade of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis observed in the studied mice. RESULTS DR and DREX groups exhibited significantly reduced features of obesity and MASLD-related hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, to a greater extent than the respective amelioration driven by aerobic exercise only in HFDEX animals. A statistically significant increase of mRNA expression was detected for cyclin-dependent kinase p21WAF1/CIP1 in HFD livers as compared to ND, which was also reversed upon DR-inclusive interventions. Immunohistochemical stainings for GL13 and p21WAF1/CIP1, as well as for p16INK4A confirmed the aforementioned alterations of p21WAF1/CIP1 at the tissular level while also revealed a p16INK4A elevation in HFD livers which was reversed only upon DR/DREX. CONCLUSION Liver senescence is responsive both to exercise and dietary restriction, but its amelioration in the context of MASLD is more robust upon DR-inclusive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Katsarou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Papadopetraki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Moustogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Giannousi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- 1(st) Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Pantelis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Selvarajah J, Raj AS. Letter: Non-Cirrhotic MASLD-Related HCC-Is It Time to Rethink HCC Surveillance Guidelines? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2025; 61:1849-1850. [PMID: 40296654 DOI: 10.1111/apt.70084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2025] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Janakan Selvarajah
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashok S Raj
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Wang J, Yang R, Miao Y, Zhang X, Paillard‐Borg S, Fang Z, Xu W. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Is Associated With Accelerated Brain Ageing: A Population-Based Study. Liver Int 2025; 45:e70109. [PMID: 40296771 PMCID: PMC12038381 DOI: 10.1111/liv.70109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to cognitive decline and dementia risk. We aimed to investigate the association between MASLD and brain ageing and explore the role of low-grade inflammation. METHODS Within the UK Biobank, 30 386 chronic neurological disorders-free participants who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were included. Individuals were categorised into no MASLD/related SLD and MASLD/related SLD (including subtypes of MASLD, MASLD with increased alcohol intake [MetALD] and MASLD with other combined aetiology). Brain age was estimated using machine learning by 1079 brain MRI phenotypes. Brain age gap (BAG) was calculated as the difference between brain age and chronological age. Low-grade inflammation (INFLA) was calculated based on white blood cell count, platelet, neutrophil granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein. Data were analysed using linear regression and structural equation models. RESULTS At baseline, 7360 (24.2%) participants had MASLD/related SLD. Compared to participants with no MASLD/related SLD, those with MASLD/related SLD had significantly larger BAG (β = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.02), as well as those with MASLD (β = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.77) or MetALD (β = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.31, 1.83). The association between MASLD/related SLD and larger BAG was significant across middle-aged (< 60) and older (≥ 60) adults, males and females, and APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers. INFLA mediated 13.53% of the association between MASLD/related SLD and larger BAG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION MASLD/related SLD, as well as MASLD and MetALD, is associated with accelerated brain ageing, even among middle-aged adults and APOE ɛ4 non-carriers. Low-grade systemic inflammation may partially mediate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Center of Gerontology and GeriatricsNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Public Health Science and Engineering CollegeTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Fernando K, Connolly D, Darcy E, Evans M, Hinchliffe W, Holmes P, Strain WD. Advancing Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Medicine: A Narrative Review of Insights and Innovations for the Future. Diabetes Ther 2025; 16:1155-1176. [PMID: 40272772 PMCID: PMC12085743 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-025-01738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic (CKM) conditions are interrelated, significantly contributing to morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden. Despite therapeutic advances, traditional disease-specific approaches often fail to address their complex interplay. Key therapeutic agents-including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide RAs, sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) finerenone-offer multi-organ benefits. Emerging therapies, such as triple receptor agonists and second-generation MRAs, target new pathways further expanding treatment options for CKM conditions. A holistic CKM management approach must address and recognise that conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity are part of the CKM spectrum. Frailty assessment is also important alongside CKM conditions, warranting comprehensive geriatric assessment and deprescribing when appropriate. Multidisciplinary care-including lifestyle interventions, pathway redesign, pharmacological advances and novel technologies-is essential for improving outcomes. As the CKM landscape evolves, future strategies should prioritise early intervention, personalised treatment and addressing unmet needs in high-risk populations. This review advocates for an integrated CKM framework, exploring treatment strategies, emerging therapies and technological innovations. It also examines the role of artificial intelligence and digital health tools in risk stratification, early diagnosis and long-term condition management, alongside ethical and regulatory considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Connolly
- Birmingham City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Marc Evans
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Zargar AH, Bhansali A, Majumdar A, Maheshwari A, Bhattacharyya A, Dasgupta A, Saboo BD, Sethi BK, Sanyal D, Seshadri KG, Deshpande NR, Kapoor N, Lakhani OJ, Talwalkar PG, Kalra P, Mehrotra RN, Sahay RK, Shukla R, Kant S, Das S, Agarwal SC, Phatak SR, G S, Joshi SR, Shaikh SS, Aravind SR, Goswami S, Ghosh S, Panikar VK, Mohan V. Management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-An expert consensus statement from Indian diabetologists' perspective. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025; 27 Suppl 4:3-20. [PMID: 40457532 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 05/12/2025] [Accepted: 05/17/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025]
Abstract
In India, the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity poses a significant threat towards a surge in the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Concomitant with the evolving guidelines, there is a need to direct and spread awareness among practicing diabetologists to identify and screen high-risk individuals for MASLD for timely management. Its asymptomatic nature and the evolving guidelines on diagnosis have hindered the precise estimates of MASLD in the high-risk group of individuals in a clinical setting. Therefore, an expert panel of diabetologists from India convened to review, discuss and document the approach towards screening, diagnosis and management of MASLD. Serum biomarkers, simple non-invasive tools and imaging techniques could direct the risk stratification of the patients. Early lifestyle interventions including weight loss and exercise are beneficial. The pharmacological landscape of drugs directed to insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrogenesis pathways for the management of MASLD is expanding. In summary, the consensus statements are expected to serve as a useful guide in the screening and management of MASLD in the region and to direct a well-planned study design that could enhance the scientific value of these statements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Gini Health, Mohali, India
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anirban Majumdar
- KPC Medical College, Kolkata, India
- The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anuj Maheshwari
- Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, India
- Sri Hari Kamal Diabetes Care & Research Centre, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Arundhati Dasgupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Rudraksh Superspeciality Care Hospital, Siliguri, India
| | | | | | - Debmalya Sanyal
- The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, India
- NH Rabindranath Tagore Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Non-Communicable Disease Unit, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Pramila Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Ramaiah Medical College & Memorial Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College & Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rishi Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology, Regency Health, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Kanpur, India
| | - Saket Kant
- Max Super-Speciality, Shalimar Bagh and Balaji Action Medical and Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Sambit Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjay Chunilal Agarwal
- Dr Sanjay Agarwal's Aegle Clinic for Diabetes Care, Pune, India
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
- Diabetes & Medicine, Jehangir Hospital and Apollo Group of Hospitals, Pune, India
| | | | - Shanmugasundar G
- Magna Centres for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Soumik Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Panikar
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Dr. Panikar's Speciality Care Centres, Mumbai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (ICMR-Collaborating Centre of Excellence) & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre (IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care), Chennai, India
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17
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Cerabino N, Di Chito M, Guido D, Di Stasi V, Bonfiglio C, Lisco G, Shahini E, Zappimbulso M, Cozzolongo R, Tutino V, Diciolla A, Mallamaci R, Stabile D, Ancona A, Coletta S, Pesole PL, Giannelli G, De Pergola G. Liver Fibrosis Is Positively and Independently Associated with Leptin Circulating Levels in Individuals That Are Overweight and Obese: A FibroScan-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2025; 17:1908. [PMID: 40507178 PMCID: PMC12158118 DOI: 10.3390/nu17111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2025] [Revised: 05/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/29/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly correlated with the severity of obesity, and the extent of liver fibrosis is associated with a higher risk of liver-related complications, cardiovascular events, and overall mortality. Leptin circulating levels are directly correlated with the amount of adipose tissue. Aims: In the present study, we investigated the association between circulating leptin levels and liver steatosis and fibrosis. Methods: Eighty-six patients (41.7 ± 12.6 yrs, 35 men, 41%), naïve to medications, who attended the Nutrition Center for the Research and Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" for weight management, were cross-sectionally evaluated. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. All patients underwent liver ultrasonographic assessment by FibroScan to diagnose liver steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter, CAP > 275 dBm) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement, LSM > 8.2 kPa). Results: Sixty-three individuals (73.3%) had liver steatosis, and 17 (19.8%) had liver fibrosis. The mean leptin levels were 22.3 ± 14.1 ng/mL, while the BMI and waist circumference were 36.7 ± 7.2 kg/m2 and 114.5 ± 16.4 cm, respectively. CAP values exhibited no correlation with leptin (r = 0.09, p = 0.436), while a significant connection was seen between leptin and LSM (β = 0.065; p = 0.038). Specifically, for each unit increase in leptin, LSM values were varied by +0.065 units (p = 0.038). This association was independent of gender, age, insulin resistance, adiponectin, RBP4, and visfatin. This is the first study showing these results by using FibroScan assessment in patients naïve to medications. Conclusions: Circulating leptin concentrations are independently correlated with hepatic fibrosis in individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. These findings indicate a function for leptin in promoting liver fibrosis; however, longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the causal nature of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cerabino
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (V.D.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Martina Di Chito
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (V.D.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Davide Guido
- Unit of Data Science, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Di Stasi
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (V.D.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- Unit of Data Science, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Endrit Shahini
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.S.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Marianna Zappimbulso
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.S.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.S.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Arianna Diciolla
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Campus “E. Quagliarello”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Dolores Stabile
- Core Facility Biobank, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (D.S.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Anna Ancona
- Core Facility Biobank, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (D.S.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Core Facility Biobank, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (D.S.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Core Facility Biobank, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (D.S.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (V.D.S.); (G.D.P.)
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McEvoy RP, Newman C, Egan AM, Dunne FP. A narrative review of metformin in pregnancy: Navigating benefit and uncertainty. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025; 27 Suppl 3:16-30. [PMID: 40171857 PMCID: PMC12094226 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Revised: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Metformin is well-established as a treatment for type 2 diabetes in non-pregnant individuals. The low cost, acceptability and broad tolerability of metformin have also made it an attractive option for research into the treatment of other conditions associated with insulin resistance. Despite almost 50 years of clinical experience with the use of metformin to treat diabetes in pregnancy, many questions remain regarding its precise effectiveness in different maternal subgroups, as well as potential short-term and long-term effects on the offspring. In this narrative review, we present the current evidence for the use of metformin during pregnancy in various maternal subgroups, including women living with overweight and obesity, women at risk of gestational diabetes, women diagnosed with gestational diabetes and women with pregestational diabetes, including type 2 diabetes. Our specific focus is on the impact of metformin on short-term maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. We also consider the evidence for other emerging indications for metformin in pregnancy, such as the prevention and management of pre-eclampsia. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This article looks at research on how metformin use in pregnancy affects mothers and newborns in the short term. Doctors have prescribed metformin since the 1970s for the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy. Despite years of use, there are still questions about how safe and effective metformin is for mothers and their children. Metformin taken during pregnancy moves through the placenta into the foetus's bloodstream. The short-term and long-term effects of metformin on offspring need careful attention. The studies that have looked at the link between metformin use and birth defects have not found any strong link between taking metformin in pregnancy and birth defects, however close attention will continue to be paid in this area. Some large studies have examined the use of metformin in pregnant women who do not have diabetes, but who do live with overweight or obesity. The studies are difficult to compare. Some, but not all, of these studies have shown less weight gain for the mother if metformin is taken by these women during pregnancy. Other large studies have looked at whether metformin can prevent gestational diabetes. The results are mostly disappointing. They suggest that metformin does not stop gestational diabetes from developing. However, the participants in these studies were mostly from white backgrounds and metformin may help prevent gestational diabetes in women of different ethnic backgrounds. However, more research is needed. Metformin has been widely studied as an alternative to insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Because different countries diagnose and treat GDM differently, this makes comparing study results difficult. Women with gestational diabetes seem to gain less weight during pregnancy if they use metformin rather than insulin. Using metformin instead of insulin may result in lower average birth weights for babies from these pregnancies. Also, the use of metformin may lead to fewer babies being born abnormally large. Similarly, large trials have examined the use of metformin in pregnant women who are living with type 2 diabetes. These studies show that metformin can lower a mother's insulin needs. It can also help control weight gain and reduce the risk of having a large baby. One study found that metformin use in women living with Type 2 diabetes might increase the risk of having smaller babies. This was especially true if the mother had high blood pressure or kidney disease. This finding requires further investigation. Metformin might help prevent pre-eclampsia, but this is still unclear. Research is ongoing into a potential role for metformin in the treatment of pre-eclampsia. In conclusion, metformin has been studied in many groups of pregnant women. Women with gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes may see benefits like less weight gain and better blood sugar/glucose control. Current evidence suggests that metformin shouldn't be used if there are foetal growth issues. It is also not recommended for mothers with high blood pressure or kidney disease. Future studies might find specific groups of pregnant women who would benefit the most from metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. McEvoy
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility GalwayUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- Institute for Clinical TrialsUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- HRB Diabetes Collaborative Clinical Trial Network, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Christine Newman
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility GalwayUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- Institute for Clinical TrialsUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- HRB Diabetes Collaborative Clinical Trial Network, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Aoife M. Egan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and NutritionMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Fidelma P. Dunne
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility GalwayUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- Institute for Clinical TrialsUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
- HRB Diabetes Collaborative Clinical Trial Network, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
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19
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Hakim A, Lin KH, Schwantes-An TH, Abreu M, Tan J, Guo X, Yates KP, Lotta L, Verweij N, Loomba R, Kleiner DE, Schwimmer JB, Rotter JI, Chalasani NP. A comprehensive evaluation of candidate genetic polymorphisms in a large histologically characterized MASLD cohort using a novel framework. Hepatol Commun 2025; 9:e0728. [PMID: 40434633 PMCID: PMC12122170 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial heritable component to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and several genetic variants that promote MASLD development or associate with its severity have been reported. These associations vary in terms of their effect size and degree of replication. METHODS We developed a framework to classify previously identified MASLD genetic polymorphisms into 4 tiers based on effect size and extent of replication in the literature. We tested the association between "tier 1" single-nucleotide polymorphisms (OR ≥1.5, replicated in >2 independent studies) and biopsy measures of MASLD severity in a large, well-characterized histologic cohort of MASLD patients (n=3094). RESULTS Across 19 "tier 1" variants reflecting 11 genetic loci, only those in the PNPLA3-SAMM50-PARVB locus showed significant associations with biopsy-proven fibrosis severity and NAFLD activity score; the highest risk was for the rs738409 p.I148M variant in PNPLA3. A genetic risk score based on "tier 1" variants, as well as a previously developed genetic risk score based on variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13, were both associated with fibrosis and NAFLD activity score, but these results were driven entirely by PNPLA3 rs738409. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a framework to prioritize evaluation of genetic polymorphisms for future replication efforts and demonstrates that in a large case-only cohort, histologic severity of MASLD is only robustly associated with the presence of variation in PNPLA3 among known candidate genes. These findings may have implications for patient risk stratification based on the presence of PNPLA3 rs738409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hakim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kung-Hung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marco Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Katherine P. Yates
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Naga P. Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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20
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Caussy C, Vergès B, Leleu D, Duvillard L, Subtil F, Abichou-Klich A, Hervieu V, Milot L, Ségrestin B, Bin S, Rouland A, Delaunay D, Morcel P, Hadjadj S, Primot C, Petit JM, Charrière S, Moulin P, Levrero M, Cariou B, Disse E. Screening for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Related Advanced Fibrosis in Diabetology: A Prospective Multicenter Study. Diabetes Care 2025; 48:877-886. [PMID: 39887699 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for advanced fibrosis (AF) resulting from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is recommended in diabetology. This study aimed to compare the performance of noninvasive tests (NITs) with that of two-step algorithms for detecting patients at high risk of AF requiring referral to hepatologists. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a planned interim analysis of a prospective multicenter study including participants with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity and MASLD with comprehensive liver assessment comprising blood-based NITs, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE). AF risk stratification was determined by a composite criterion of liver biopsy, magnetic resonance elastography, or VCTE ≥12 kPa depending on availability. RESULTS Of 654 patients (87% with type 2 diabetes, 56% male, 74% with obesity), 17.6% had an intermediate/high risk of AF, and 9.3% had a high risk of AF. The area under the empirical receiver operating characteristic curves of NITs for detection of high risk of AF were as follows: fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) score, 0.78 (95% CI 0.72-0.84); FibroMeter, 0.74 (0.66-0.83); FibroTest, 0.78 (0.72-0.85); Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, 0.82 (0.76-0.87); and SWE, 0.84 (0.78-0.89). Algorithms with FIB-4 score/VCTE showed good diagnostic performance for referral of patients at intermediate/high risk of AF to specialized care in hepatology. An alternative FIB-4 score/ELF test strategy showed a high negative predictive value (NPV; 88-89%) and a lower positive predictive value (PPV; 39-46%) at a threshold of 9.8. The FIB-4 score/2D-SWE strategy had an NPV of 91% and a PPV of 58-62%. The age-adapted FIB-4 score threshold resulted in lower NPVs and PPVs in all algorithms. CONCLUSIONS The FIB-4 score/VCTE algorithm showed excellent diagnostic performance, demonstrating its applicability for routine screening in diabetology. The ELF test using an adapted low threshold at 9.8 may be used as an alternative to VCTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Caussy
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Institut d'Hépatologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, INSERM Unit, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Damien Leleu
- Department of Biochemistry, INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- Department of Biochemistry, INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
- UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amna Abichou-Klich
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
- UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- Biopathology of Tumors, Groupement Hospitalier Est (GHE) Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Milot
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bérénice Ségrestin
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sylvie Bin
- Service Recherche et Epidémiologie Cliniques, Pôle de Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexia Rouland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, INSERM Unit, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Delaunay
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Pierre Morcel
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Primot
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, INSERM Unit, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Sybil Charrière
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Massimo Levrero
- Institut d'Hépatologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1350, UMR PaThLiv, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
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Yang T, Bu T, Yang B, Zhao Y, Wang Q. CKM: A new approach to managing metabolic comorbidities in MASLD? J Hepatol 2025; 82:e291-e292. [PMID: 39667600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Yang
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Bu
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Yang
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Vergani M, Borella ND, Rizzo M, Conti M, Perra S, Bianconi E, Sani E, Csermely A, Grespan E, Targher G, Perseghin G, Mantovani A, Ciardullo S. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, insulin sensitivity and continuous glucose monitoring metrics in patients with type 1 diabetes: A multi-centre cross-sectional study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025; 27:3201-3211. [PMID: 40083078 PMCID: PMC12046442 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We assessed the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and significant liver fibrosis in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the association of MASLD with insulin sensitivity and continuous glucose monitoring metrics. METHODS We consecutively enrolled 198 adults with T1DM undergoing vibration-controlled transient elastography with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). All participants had a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). MASLD was defined as CAP ≥ 248 db/m and the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Significant liver fibrosis was defined as LSM ≥ 7 kPa. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 56 years, mean BMI of 26.0 ± 5.9 kg/m2, and mean eGDR of 7.1 ± 2.3 mg/kg/min. 73 (37%) patients had MASLD (using a CAP threshold of 274 dB/m), 16 (8.1%) of whom had significant liver fibrosis. MASLD was associated with a significantly lower eGDR (beta coefficient = -0.367, 95% confidence interval -0.472 to -0.261; p < 0.001). This association remained significant, even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, plasma triglycerides, diabetes duration, daily insulin dose, time above the range of glucose levels, LSM and chronic kidney disease. No association was observed between MASLD and CGM-derived metrics. These results were not different when we used a CAP threshold of 274 dB/m for diagnosing MASLD. CONCLUSION In T1DM, MASLD was inversely associated with eGDR and biomarkers of insulin resistance but not with CGM-derived metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Vergani
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Nicolò Diego Borella
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Mariangela Rizzo
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Conti
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Silvia Perra
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
| | - Eleonora Bianconi
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
| | - Elena Sani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Alessandro Csermely
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Elisabetta Grespan
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
- Metabolic Diseases Research UnitIRCCS Sacro Cuore‐Don Calabria HospitalNegrar di Valpolicella (VR)Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and RehabilitationPoliclinico di MonzaMonzaItaly
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
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23
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Zoncapè M, Tsochatzis EA. Liver Fibrosis Testing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Time Is Now. Diabetes Care 2025; 48:871-873. [PMID: 40392997 DOI: 10.2337/dci25-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zoncapè
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, U.K
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24
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Tanaka K, Uchida Y, Kadono K, Kageyama S, Kawamoto H, Ito M, Kidoguchi Y, Saga K, Kojima H, Hirao H, Nakamura K, Taura K, Terajima H, Watanabe T, Hatano E. Recipient toll-like receptor 4 determines the outcome of ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic liver transplantation in mice. Am J Transplant 2025; 25:1168-1179. [PMID: 40064295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2025.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after liver transplantation (LT). However, the role of TLR4 in the context of steatotic grafts remains unclear. In this study, we developed a mouse model to explore IRI mechanisms in steatotic LT using TLR4 knockout mice as recipients. We successfully transplanted steatotic grafts with approximately 35% macrosteatosis and 5 hours of cold storage. Compared to normal LT, steatotic LT resulted in significantly higher serum level of alanine aminotransferase and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), higher transcriptional expression of inflammatory markers (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2, caspase-1, and caspase-11), and increased infiltration of CD11b-positive cells, correlating with lower survival. Serum HMGB1 and cleaved caspase-3 activation peaked earlier than serum alanine aminotransferase, with cold-stored steatotic grafts releasing more HMGB1. Notably, TLR4 knockout recipients demonstrated improved survival, attenuated inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis. These findings suggest that TLR4 deficiency in recipients ameliorates IRI in steatotic LT, highlighting the importance of recipient immune modulation in mitigating steatotic graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kidoguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Saga
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Division of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Tsitsou S, Adamantou M, Bali T, Saridaki A, Poulia KA, Karagiannakis DS, Papakonstantinou E, Cholongitas E. Letter: Clarifying the Synergistic Mechanisms of Mediterranean Diet and Time-Restricted Feeding in MASLD Management-Authors' Reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2025; 61:1983-1984. [PMID: 40302191 DOI: 10.1111/apt.70178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/01/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tsitsou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Magdalini Adamantou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Triada Bali
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristi Saridaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi-Anna Poulia
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Karagiannakis
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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26
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Zelber-Sagi S, Schonmann Y, Weinstein G, Yeshua H. Liver Fibrosis Marker FIB-4 Is Associated With Hepatic and Extrahepatic Malignancy Risk in a Population-Based Cohort Study. Liver Int 2025; 45:e70139. [PMID: 40358032 DOI: 10.1111/liv.70139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An association between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and the development of extrahepatic malignancies has been demonstrated. However, the association of fibrosis with extrahepatic cancer is unclear. Our study aimed to test the long-term association between liver fibrosis marker and the incidence of hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample, following 763 752 adult Clalit health services members without pre-existing liver-related diagnoses or malignancies for 14.67 years. The adjusted association between baseline liver Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4; FIB-4 ≥ 2.67 indicated presumed advanced fibrosis), assessed from routine laboratory measurements, and incident cancer was assessed through multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS The study included 763 752 people (mean age 54.3 ± 8.2 years, 43.9% males). Presumed advanced fibrosis was associated with a 16% greater risk for malignancy compared to the risk of those with no fibrosis (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.22), adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, peripherality index, baseline smoking, and obesity. The association of advanced fibrosis with malignancy was stronger when the age-specific FIB-4 cutoff was applied (HR = 1.40; 1.34-1.46) and in a subsample of subjects with MASLD diagnosis at baseline (HR = 1.43; 1.12-1.83). The association remained robust across sex, age, and ethnic groups. Both inconclusive fibrosis and fibrosis were strongly associated with malignancy of the liver or bile ducts [(HR = 1.41; 1.21-1.66) and (HR = 5.66; 4.19-7.64), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Liver fibrosis score is independently associated with malignancy occurrence and certain types of malignancies, and may serve as an indicator of high-risk cancer in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yochai Schonmann
- Department of Quality Measurements and Research, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Weinstein
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanny Yeshua
- Department of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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27
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Díaz LA, Tavaglione F, Mittal N, Bettencourt R, Amangurbanova M, Johnson A, Marti-Aguado D, Tincopa M, Loomba R, Khan-Riches A, Madamba E, Siddiqi H, Richards L, Sirlin CB, Ajmera V, Loomba R. Noninvasive pathway for stratifying fibrosis in suspected metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD). Hepatol Commun 2025; 9:e0718. [PMID: 40377491 PMCID: PMC12088636 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) may increase liver fibrosis progression, but data on screening are scarce. We aimed to assess the performance of noninvasive tests (NITs) for detecting significant fibrosis in individuals with suspected MetALD. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of prospectively enrolled adults identified as overweight or obese. We included adults with suspected MetALD defined by ≥1 of 5 cardiometabolic criteria and self-reported alcohol use within MetALD ranges or lower self-reported alcohol use but with phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels ≥25 ng/mL. Clinical assessment included contemporaneous magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Significant fibrosis was defined as MRE ≥3.14 kPa (or VCTE ≥7.6 kPa if MRE was missing). Analyses included AUROCs. RESULTS Among 617 individuals screened, we identified 97 (15.7%) with suspected MetALD. The mean age was 50.6±12.8 years, 67% were men, the mean body mass index was 31.4±6.5 kg/m2, 12.4% had diabetes, and 8% had significant fibrosis. Fibrosis-4 ≥1.3 demonstrated good performance for significant fibrosis (AUROC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.58-0.98, sensitivity 80%, specificity 76%, positive predictive value 17%, and negative predictive value 98%). VCTE ≥8 kPa also had good performance (AUROC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.00, sensitivity 80%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 36%, and negative predictive value 99%). A stepwise approach using fibrosis-4 followed by VCTE yielded a low false negative rate (2% misclassified as low risk). CONCLUSIONS A clinical care algorithm utilizing a stepwise approach with fibrosis-4 and VCTE shows adequate performance in detecting significant fibrosis in individuals with suspected MetALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Díaz
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nikita Mittal
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ricki Bettencourt
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maral Amangurbanova
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amy Johnson
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Marti-Aguado
- Digestive Disease Department, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Tincopa
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ria Loomba
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Asma Khan-Riches
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Egbert Madamba
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Harris Siddiqi
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa Richards
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veeral Ajmera
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Muñoz‐Espinosa LE, Torre A, Cisneros L, Montalvo I, Malé R, Mejía S, Aguilar JR, Lizardi J, Zuñiga‐Noriega J, Eugenia Icaza M, Gasca‐Díaz F, Hernández‐Hernández L, Cordero‐Pérez P, Chi L, Torres L, Rodríguez‐Alvarez F, Tapia G, Poo JL. Noninvasive Evaluation of Prolonged-Release Pirfenidone in Compensated Liver Cirrhosis. ODISEA Study, a Randomised Trial. Liver Int 2025; 45:e70131. [PMID: 40402087 PMCID: PMC12097196 DOI: 10.1111/liv.70131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced liver fibrosis (ALF) predicts an adverse prognosis in chronic liver disease. In addition to etiological treatment, a new approach to stop or reverse residual fibrosis is desirable. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of prolonged-release pirfenidone (PR-PFD) versus placebo in compensated cirrhosis. METHODS 180 patients with ALF (F4) were randomly assigned to: placebo, 1200 mg/d, and 1800 mg/d PR-PFD, plus standardised care, for 24mo. Frequency of lab tests: (3mo), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), FibroTest, ultrasound (US) (6mo), and endoscopy (annually). RESULTS Fibrosis evolution estimated from LSM was significantly lower only in the 1200 compared to placebo and 1800 groups (24.2 ± 2.4 vs. 15.4 ± 2.4; 27.6 ± 2.4 vs. 24.6 ± 2.4; 24.4 ± 2.3 vs. 23.3 ± 2.3 kPa, respectively, p < 0.001), in intergroup analysis, meeting the primary endpoint. Fibrotest was significantly lower only in the 1200 mg/d group, compared to baseline values (0.86 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 units, p < 0.001). Liver function test (LFT's) also improved as well as Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and quality of life (QoL). Decompensations occurred in 19 patients: 12 ascites (more frequent in placebo, p = 0.003), 5 variceal bleeding, 4 encephalopathies, 4 hepatocarcinomas. Adverse events were mainly mild gastrointestinal (n = 35, 48 and 46, p = 0.010) and cutaneous (n = 12, 15, and 22, p = 0.0001) in placebo, 1200 and 1800 mg/day, respectively. CONCLUSION PR-PFD at a dose of 1200 mg significantly decreased non-invasive liver fibrosis markers at 24 months and induced improvement in LFT's, MELD, and QoL in compensated cirrhosis, without safety concerns. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01046474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E. Muñoz‐Espinosa
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, “Dr. José E. González” University HospitalMonterreyMexico
| | - Aldo Torre
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | | | - René Malé
- Digestive and Hepatic Disease InstituteGuadalajaraMexico
| | | | - Juan Ramón Aguilar
- Mexican Group for the Study of Liver Diseases (PROMHEPA)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Javier Lizardi
- Mexican Group for the Study of Liver Diseases (PROMHEPA)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Jaime Zuñiga‐Noriega
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, “Dr. José E. González” University HospitalMonterreyMexico
| | | | - Frida Gasca‐Díaz
- Mexican Group for the Study of Liver Diseases (PROMHEPA)Mexico CityMexico
| | | | - Paula Cordero‐Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, “Dr. José E. González” University HospitalMonterreyMexico
| | | | - Lilian Torres
- Digestive and Hepatic Disease InstituteGuadalajaraMexico
| | | | - Graciela Tapia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Jorge Luis Poo
- Mexican Group for the Study of Liver Diseases (PROMHEPA)Mexico CityMexico
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29
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Panganiban J, Kehar M, Ibrahim SH, Hartmann P, Sood S, Hassan S, Ramirez CM, Kohli R, Censani M, Mauney E, Cuda S, Karjoo S. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children with obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and expert joint perspective 2025. OBESITY PILLARS 2025; 14:100164. [PMID: 40230708 PMCID: PMC11995806 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Introduction This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Expert Joint Perspective examines steatotic liver disease (SLD), which is composed of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in children with obesity. The prevalence of obesity is increasing, rates have tripled since 1963 from 5 % to now 19 % of US children affected in 2018. MASLD, is the most common liver disease seen in children, can be a precursor to the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and is the primary reason for liver transplant listing in young adults. We must be vigilant in prevention and treatment of MASLD in childhood to prevent further progression. Methods This joint clinical perspective is based upon scientific evidence, peer and clinical expertise. The medical literature was reviewed via PubMed search and appropriate articles were included in this review. This work was formulated from the collaboration of eight hepatologists/gastroenterologists with MASLD expertise and two physicians from the OMA. Results The authors who are experts in the field, determined sentinel questions often asked by clinicians regarding MASLD in children with obesity. They created a consensus and clinical guideline for clinicians on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of MASLD associated with obesity in children. Conclusions Obesity and the comorbidity of MASLD is increasing in children, and this is a medical problem that needs to be addressed urgently. It is well known that children with metabolic associated chronic disease often continue to have these chronic diseases as adults, which leads to reduced life expectancy, quality of life, and increasing healthcare needs and financial burden. The authors of this paper recommend healthy weight reduction not only through lifestyle modification but through obesity pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Therefore, this guidance reviews available therapies to achieve healthy weight reduction and reverse MASLD to prevent progressive liver fibrosis, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohit Kehar
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Health Physicians, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sara Hassan
- University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marisa Censani
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin Mauney
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suzanne Cuda
- Alamo City Healthy Kids and Families, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sara Karjoo
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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30
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Secondulfo C, Torre P, Iacuzzo C, Di Pietro RA, Apicella L, Vecchione N, Masarone M, Persico M, Bilancio G. Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease in renal transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study. Intern Emerg Med 2025:10.1007/s11739-025-03967-7. [PMID: 40448795 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-025-03967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major contributor to chronic liver disease, with rising prevalence. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares risk factors with MASLD, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. CKD prevalence in MASLD patients ranges from 4 to 40%. The interplay between MASLD and CKD may influence disease progression through intestinal barrier changes, uremic toxins, and glucocorticoid metabolism. Limited data exist on steatosis in renal transplant recipients and its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with steatosis and liver stiffness in kidney transplant patients, and secondarily its relationship with CVD history. Two hundred kidney transplant patients at Salerno University Hospital were studied. The data included demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, abdominal ultrasonography (US), liver stiffness, and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) history was also recorded. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Of the cohort, 69% were male, with a mean age of 56.8 years. Steatosis was found in 45.5%, with 11.1% at risk of fibrosis. Steatosis was associated with higher BMI (28.5 vs. 25.5, p = 0.0001) and metabolic syndrome (30.8% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.001). CAP was linked to self-reported male gender and eGFR (p < 0.05), while fibrosis correlated with age, self-reported male gender, and HDL < 40 mg/dL. CVD prevalence was 14.5%, with no significant association with steatosis. MASLD and metabolic syndrome were highly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients, though no significant link was found between steatosis and CVD history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Secondulfo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Torre
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Candida Iacuzzo
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Renata Angela Di Pietro
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Apicella
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bilancio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
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Wang C, Ma H, Yang H, Nie Q, Zhu L, Yin J, Zhou L. Sex differences in the association between total energy intake and all-cause mortality among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Sci Rep 2025; 15:19176. [PMID: 40450061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-04121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2025] [Indexed: 06/03/2025] Open
Abstract
The long-term association between total energy intake and clinical outcomes in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the associations between total energy intake and mortality in MASLD patients and to evaluate whether the associations differ by sex. A total of 2,466 MASLD patients from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was included. Total energy intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Mortality was ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between total energy intake and mortality. In MASLD patients, both low and high total energy intake were significantly associated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality. Compared with moderate total energy intake (2,000-3,000 kcal/day for males and 1,600-2,400 kcal/day for females), the HRs (95% CIs) for low and high total energy intake were 1.27 (1.05-1.53; P = 0.01) and 1.40 (1.03-1.92; P = 0.03), respectively. A significant interaction was demonstrated between sex and total energy intake for all-cause mortality (P value for interaction = 0.03). In males, both low and high total energy intake were significantly associated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality. The HRs (95% CIs) for low and high total energy intake were 1.35 (1.02-1.80; P = 0.04) and 1.54 (1.05-2.28; P = 0.03), respectively. However, no significant association was observed in females. The HRs (95% CIs) for low and high total energy intake were 1.14 (0.86-1.52; P = 0.34) and 1.14 (0.81-1.61; P = 0.46), respectively. These findings provide novel evidence supporting sex-specific dietary guidelines for MASLD, with particular emphasis on maintaining moderate energy intake to mitigate mortality risk in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfang Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Nie
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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de Jong VD, Alings M, Bruha R, Cortez-Pinto H, Dedoussis GV, Doukas M, Francque S, Fournier-Poizat C, Gastaldelli A, Hankemeier T, Holleboom AG, Miele L, Moreno C, Muris JWM, Ratziu V, Romero-Gomez M, Schattenberg JM, Serfaty L, Stefan DC, Tushuizen ME, Verheij J, Willemse J, Franco OH, Grobbee DE, Castro Cabezas M, GRIPonMASH consortium. Global research initiative for patient screening on MASH (GRIPonMASH) protocol: rationale and design of a prospective multicentre study. BMJ Open 2025; 15:e092731. [PMID: 40447415 PMCID: PMC12164639 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) may be as high as 38% in the adult population with potential serious complications, multiple comorbidities and a high socioeconomic burden. However, there is a general lack of awareness and knowledge about MASLD and its progressive stages (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis). Therefore, MASLD is still far underdiagnosed. The 'Global Research Initiative for Patient Screening on MASH' (GRIPonMASH) consortium focuses on this unmet public health need. GRIPonMASH will help (primary) healthcare providers to implement a patient care pathway, as recommended by multiple scientific societies, to identify patients at risk of severe MASLD and to raise awareness. Furthermore, GRIPonMASH will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MASLD and improved identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers to detect individuals at risk. METHODS This is a prospective multicentre observational study in which 10 000 high-risk patients (type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome or hypertension) will be screened in 10 European countries using at least two non-invasive tests (Fibrosis-4 index and FibroScan). Blood samples and liver biopsy material will be collected and biobanked, and multiomics analyses will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will be conducted in compliance with this protocol and applicable national and international regulatory requirements. The study initiation package is submitted at the local level. The study protocol has been approved by local medical ethical committees in all 10 participating countries. Results will be made public and published in scientific, peer-reviewed, international journals and at international conferences. REGISTRATION DETAILS NCT05651724, registration date: 15 Dec 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian D de Jong
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Clinical BV, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Alings
- Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Radan Bruha
- General University Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Doukas
- Pathology, Erasmus MC Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Francque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Campus di Roma, Roma, Lazio, Italy
- Liver Transplant Unit and Steatotic Liver Disease Clinic, Digestive Disease Center CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean W M Muris
- Family Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- ICAN - Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | | | | | - Maarten E Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Oscar H Franco
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Clinical BV, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Julius Clinical BV, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gao L, Yang K, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Jiang S, Zhang R, He W, Zhao Y, Ye Q, Xu G. Intestinal L-cell mechanoreception regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through GLP-1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eadv3201. [PMID: 40446026 PMCID: PMC12124353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by intestinal L cells, is essential for lowering postprandial glucose levels and regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.We investigate the effects of manipulating Piezo1 in L cells on hepatic lipid metabolism. We found that normal and high-fat diet-fed L cell-specific Piezo1 knockout (IntL-Piezo1-/-) mice exhibited reduced circulating GLP-1 levels, increased hepatic lipid accumulation, decreased β-catenin expression, and elevated lipogenesis-related genes and proteins, including SREBP1c, PPARγ, FASN, and ACC. Treatment with exendin-4 improved fatty liver in IntL-Piezo1-/- mice by stimulating β-catenin and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis. Intestinal bead implantation stimulated GLP-1 release and inhibited lipid synthesis in livers of diet-induced obese mice but not in IntL-Piezo1-/- mice. In primary hepatocytes derived from IntL-Piezo1-/- mice, lipid accumulation and enhanced fatty acid synthesis were associated with reduced β-catenin expression and impaired nuclear translocation. Exendin-4 treatment alleviated lipid accumulation, which was blocked by the β-catenin inhibitor nitazoxanide. L-cell mechanoreception is vital for regulating hepatic lipid metabolism through GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jinshan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Rujiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Ye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Mertens J, Weyler J, Dirinck E, Vonghia L, Kwanten WJ, Van Gaal LF, De Winter BY, Francque S, De Block C. Increased prevalence and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in individuals with Type 1 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025; 24:230. [PMID: 40442720 PMCID: PMC12124096 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-025-02764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the correlation between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Adults with T1D (n = 659) were consecutively screened for liver steatosis via abdominal ultrasound. The presence of macrovascular disease (including coronary artery disease [CAD], peripheral artery disease [PAD], or ischaemic stroke [CVA, cerebrovascular accident]) was identified via electronic medical records. The 5- and 10-year risks of fatal/nonfatal ASCVD were assessed via the Steno Type 1 Risk Engine. Insulin resistance was assessed via the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). RESULTS The MASLD prevalence was 16.8%. The prevalence of composite ASCVD (18.9 vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001), CAD (9.9 vs. 4.7%, p = 0.031), PAD (9.0 vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001) and CVA (6.3 vs. 1.1%, p = 0.002) was greater in people with MASLD. The 5-year (7.8 [2.1-14.4] vs. 4.8 [1.6-12.0]%, p = 0.034) and 10-year (15.0 [4.1-26.8] vs. 9.4 [3.1-22.5]%, p = 0.035) risks of ASCVD were greater in those with MASLD. MASLD was associated with prevalent ASCVD (adjusted OR 4.26, 95% CI 1.79-10.11, p < 0.001), independent of age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, statin use, LDL-cholesterol, the glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION MASLD is associated with both an increased prevalence of ASCVD and an increased calculated risk of fatal/nonfatal ASCVD in people with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mertens
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonas Weyler
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc F Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Tampaki M, Cholongitas E. Key Points and Future Directions from the 2024 Chinese Guidelines for Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2025; 13:434-439. [PMID: 40385943 PMCID: PMC12078172 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2025.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tampaki
- First Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Isakov V. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A story of muscle and mass. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31:105346. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i20.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Revised: 04/13/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle alterations (SMA) are increasingly recognized as both contributors and consequences of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting disease progression and outcomes. Sarcopenia is common in patients with MASLD, with a prevalence ranging from 20% to 40% depending on the population and diagnostic criteria used. In advanced stages, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and fibrosis, its prevalence is even higher. Sarcopenia exacerbates insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which worsen MASLD. It is an independent risk factor for fibrosis progression and poor outcomes including mortality. Myosteatosis refers to the abnormal accumulation of fat within muscle tissue, leading to decreased muscle quality. Myosteatosis is prevalent (> 30%) in patients with MASLD, especially those with obesity or type 2 diabetes, although this can vary with the imaging techniques used. It reduces muscle strength and metabolic efficiency, further contributing to insulin resistance and is usually associated with advanced liver disease, cardiovascular complications, and lower levels of physical activity. Altered muscle metabolism, which includes mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired amino acid metabolism, has been reported in metabolic syndromes, including MASLD, although its actual prevalence is unknown. Altered muscle metabolism limits glucose uptake and oxidation, worsening hyperglycemia and lipotoxicity. Reduced muscle perfusion and oxygenation due to endothelial dysfunction and systemic metabolic alterations are common in MASLD associated with comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. It decreases the muscle capacity for aerobic metabolism, leading to fatigue and reduced physical activity in patients with MASLD, aggravating metabolic dysfunction. Various SMA in MASLD worsen insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation, may accelerate progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Management strategies for SMA include resistance training, aerobic exercise, and nutritional support (e.g., high-protein diets, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids), which are essential for mitigating skeletal muscle loss and improving outcomes. However, pharmacological agents that target the muscle and liver (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) show promise but have not yet been approved for the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow 115446, Russia
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37
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Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Abe H, Kimura N, Yoshida T, Hayashi K, Sakamaki A, Yokoo T, Kamimura H, Tsuchiya A, Kamimura K, Terai S. Polygenic Risk Score for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:5164. [PMID: 40507973 PMCID: PMC12155528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2025] [Revised: 05/18/2025] [Accepted: 05/26/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are spreading worldwide as the most critical causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, improving the screening and managing strategies for patients with MASLD or MASH is necessary. A traditional non-systemic review provided this narrative. Genetic variations associated with the development of MASLD and MASH, such as PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, MBOAT7, MERTK, and HSD17B13, were initially reviewed. PNPLA3 genetic variants appeared to be strongly associated with the increased pathogenesis of MASLD, MASH, cirrhosis, and HCC. We also reviewed the useful polygenic risk score (PRS) for the development of MASLD, MASH, their related cirrhosis, and the occurrence of HCC. PRSs appeared to be better predictors of MASLD, MASH, the development of cirrhosis, and the occurrence of HCC in patients with MASLD or MASH than any single-nucleotide polymorphisms. RNA interference and antisense nucleotides against the genetic variations of PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 are also being developed. Multidisciplinary collaboration and cooperation involving hepatologists, geneticists, pharmacologists, and pathologists should resolve complicated problems in MASLD and MASH. This narrative review highlights the importance of the genetic susceptibility and PRS as predictive markers and personalized medicine for patients with MASLD or MASH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Minamiuonuma 949-7302, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Naruhiro Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Tomoaki Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazunao Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan;
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-9510, Japan;
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan (K.H.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
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Shen L, Patel R, Negrete L, Shon A, Lemieux S, Liang T, Altmayer S, Jha P, Kamaya A. Qualitative assessment of hepatic steatosis on modern grayscale ultrasound: more accurate than previously thought? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2025:10.1007/s00261-025-05008-5. [PMID: 40423706 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-025-05008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2025] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic performance of standardized qualitative assessment of hepatic steatosis on grayscale ultrasound. METHODS This retrospective, single-center, multi-case, multi-reader study included 200 patients with ultrasound examinations of the liver. Three readers assessed hepatic steatosis based on a standardized system of 3 ultrasound features: presence of increased fine echoes, visualization of right hemidiaphragm, and visualization of portal triads, assigning a four-grade category (normal, mild, moderate, or severe). Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) was used as reference standard. Binary discrimination (normal vs. steatosis) was summarized with binary area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Discrimination across four categories was performed with pairwise comparisons. Reader differences were tested with the Obuchowski-Rockette-Hillis model. Inter-reader agreement was calculated with Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC). RESULTS Of the 200 patients, 27% (54/200) had normal liver (MRI-PDFF < 5%), 35% (70/200) had mild steatosis (MRI-PDFF ≥ 5-17.4%), 15% (29/200) had moderate steatosis (MRI-PDFF > 17.4-22.1%), and 24% (47/200) had severe steatosis (MRI-PDFF > 22.1%). Median time interval between ultrasound and MRI exams was 4 days (IQR 1-28). Sensitivity, specific, and binary AUC for readers 1/2/3 were 90%/82%/94%, 65%/82%/54%, and 0.87/0.85/0.88 with no statistically significant difference between readers (p = 0.46). Four-class category analysis showed excellent performance of ultrasound to distinguish extreme categories (AUC > 0.95 for normal vs. severe). Inter-reader agreement was substantial (Gwet's AC 0.63) for steatosis category assignment and moderate to substantial (Gwet's AC 0.55-0.71) for ultrasound features. CONCLUSION Contrary to popular belief, qualitative ultrasound assessment of hepatic steatosis is accurate in detecting and grading steatosis when evaluation criteria are standardized.
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Lee CJM, Kosyakovsky LB, Khan MS, Wu F, Chen G, Hill JA, Ho JE, Foo RSY, Zannad F. Cardiovascular, Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Interactions in Heart Failure: Breaking Down Silos. Circ Res 2025; 136:1170-1207. [PMID: 40403106 PMCID: PMC12125648 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.125.325602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 03/30/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the rising burden of metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, has corresponded with fundamental shifts in the landscape of heart failure (HF) epidemiology, including the rising prevalence of HF with preserved ejection fraction. It has become increasingly important to understand the role of extracardiac contributors and interorgan communication in the pathophysiology and phenotypic heterogeneity of HF. Whereas traditional epidemiological strategies have separately examined individual contributions of specific comorbidities to HF risk, these approaches may not capture the shared mechanisms and more complex, bidirectional relationships between cardiac and noncardiac comorbidities. In this review, we highlight the cardiac, kidney, liver, and metabolism multiorgan interactions and pathways that complicate HF development and progression and propose research strategies to further understand HF in the context of multiple organ disease. This includes evolving epidemiological approaches such as multiomics and machine learning which may better capture common underlying mechanisms and interorgan crosstalk. We review existing preclinical models of HF and how they have enhanced our understanding of the role of multiorgan disease in the development of HF subtypes. We suggest recommendations as to how clinical practice across multiple specialties should screen for and manage multiorgan involvement in HF. Finally, recognizing the advent of novel combinatorial therapeutic agents that may have multiple indications across the cardiac-kidney-liver metabolism continuum, we review the current clinical trials landscape. We specifically highlight a pressing need for the design of more inclusive trials that examine the contributions of multimorbidity and incorporate multiorgan end points, which we propose may lead to outcomes that are evermore clinically relevant today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jie Mick Lee
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STaR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Leah B. Kosyakovsky
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Heart Hospital, Plano, TX, USA
| | - Feng Wu
- Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Guo Chen
- Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger S-Y. Foo
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STaR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1433, Nancy, France
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Nordestgaard AT, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Mansbach H, Kersten S, Nordestgaard BG, Rosenson RS. Target Populations for Novel Triglyceride-Lowering Therapies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2025; 85:1876-1897. [PMID: 40368577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase regulates triglyceride hydrolysis and contributes to cellular uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants. Multiple pathways modulate lipoprotein lipase activity, which has prompted interest in the development of drugs that increase lipoprotein lipase activity as means to reduce risk for acute pancreatitis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis through reduction of circulating triglycerides and remnant cholesterol. The authors provide an overview of the target populations for agents that lower triglycerides and remnant cholesterol through increased lipoprotein lipase activity, the drugs being developed for these indications, including apolipoprotein C-III and angiopoietin-like protein 3, 3/8, and 4 inhibitors, and the epidemiologic and genetic evidence supporting the use of these drugs for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis. In addition, the authors provide a corresponding overview of fibroblast growth factor-21 analogues that share many characteristics with these novel triglyceride-lowering drugs. Apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors, angiopoietin-like protein 3, 3/8, and 4 inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor-21 analogues have pronounced triglyceride-lowering and remnant cholesterol-lowering effects. In clinical trials, apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors have been shown to lower risk for acute pancreatitis in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and are approved for this indication, while fibroblast growth factor-21 analogues reduce hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. It remains to be seen whether these novel drugs may lower risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ask T Nordestgaard
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Metabolism and Lipids Unit, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Koliaki C, Dalamaga M, Kakounis K, Liatis S. Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Navigating the Controversies in Disease Development and Progression. Curr Obes Rep 2025; 14:46. [PMID: 40387999 PMCID: PMC12089219 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-025-00637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The natural course of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the population with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has not been adequately explored. In the present narrative review, we summarize the evidence regarding the association between MHO and MASLD prevalence, incidence and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Cross-sectional, population-based, cohort studies have shown an increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in subjects with MHO compared with metabolically healthy non-obese individuals (MHNO). In large-scale longitudinal cohort studies among metabolically healthy subjects, increasing body mass index (BMI) has been found to be independently associated with an increased incidence of MASLD and progressive hepatic fibrosis over a mean follow-up period of 2.2-7.7 years. With regard to advanced MASLD, the prevalence of steatohepatitis and clinically significant liver fibrosis is lower in MHO compared with subjects with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The presence of MASLD has been proposed as a strong risk factor for metabolic health deterioration in MHO. Furthermore, subjects with MHO and MASLD display an elevated 10-year cardiovascular risk and a three-fold increased risk of incident diabetes compared with MHO without MASLD. MASLD may also predict the failure to convert from MUO to MHO after a weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Koliaki
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kakounis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Liatis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens, 11527, Greece
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Chen K, Feng Q, Liu H. Bibliometric visualization of hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome research: trends and emerging areas. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:809. [PMID: 40388038 PMCID: PMC12089568 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has highlighted the increasing relevance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, a comprehensive bibliometric visualization analysis on this topic remains lacking. In this study, we retrieved 310 related articles from the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. Using VOS viewer and Cite Space software, we analyzed the relationships among authors, journals, institutions, countries, keywords, and citations. Between 2014 and 2023, there has been a steady increase in publications on HCC and MetS, with the United States and China being the leading contributors in terms of publication volume. The visualization analysis revealed that obesity, insulin resistance, MAFLD, and liver cirrhosis are emerging areas in the intersection of HCC and MetS. Additionally, the international community is increasingly adopting the disease diagnosis term MAFLD, which, compared to NAFLD, shows improved diagnostic performance for predicting both hepatic and extra-hepatic outcomes. Furthermore, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are emerging as promising new research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qianye Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Munk Lauridsen M, Ravnskjaer K, Gluud LL, Sanyal AJ. Disease classification, diagnostic challenges, and evolving clinical trial design in MASLD. J Clin Invest 2025; 135:e189953. [PMID: 40371650 PMCID: PMC12077896 DOI: 10.1172/jci189953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) diagnosis and management have evolved rapidly alongside the increasing prevalence of obesity and related complications. Hepatology has expanded its focus beyond late-stage cirrhosis and portal hypertension to earlier, complex MASLD cases in younger patients, necessitating closer collaboration with endocrinology. The renaming of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to MASLD reflects its pathophysiology, reduces stigma, and has prompted new research directions. Noninvasive tests such as liver stiffness measurement now play a crucial role in diagnosis, reducing reliance on invasive liver biopsies. However, advanced omics technologies, despite their potential to enhance diagnostic precision and patient stratification, remain underutilized in routine clinical practice. Behavioral factors, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and lifestyle choices, influence disease outcomes and must be integrated into patient management strategies. Primary care settings are critical for early screening to prevent progression to advanced disease, yet sizable challenges remain in implementing effective screening protocols. This Review explores these evolving aspects of MASLD diagnosis and management, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic tools, multidisciplinary collaboration, and holistic care approaches to address existing gaps and ensure comprehensive patient care across all healthcare levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Munk Lauridsen
- Stravitz-Sanyal Liver Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Clinic, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Liver Research Group, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Stravitz-Sanyal Liver Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Clinic, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Messer EK, Petroff D, Schattenberg J, Zeuzem S, von der Ohe M, Ludwig L, Demir M, Buggisch P, Stein K, Serfert Y, Wedemeyer H, Berg T, Hofmann WP, Geier A, Wiegand J. Evaluating Resmetirom Eligibility Among Patients with MASH: Insights from the German Steatotic Liver Disease-Registry. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2025. [PMID: 40373810 DOI: 10.1055/a-2592-6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
The THR-β agonist resmetirom is the first treatment approved for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in the US so far. It can be prescribed given MASH and F2/F3-fibrosis ("at-risk MASH").We analyzed how many patients qualify for resmetirom in a recently recruited Steatotic Liver Disease-cohort involving both tertiary and secondary care centers, the German SLD-Registry.Indication for resmetirom was assessed by three different approaches: (i) biopsy-proven MASH with F2/3 fibrosis and NAS-score ≥ 4; (ii) FibroScan-AST (FAST) score ≥ 0.67 and vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) < 15 kPa; (iii) US expert recommendations with VCTE 10-15 kPa and platelets ≥ 140×109/L or VCTE 8-15 kPa.1113 patients were recruited across 8 tertiary and 12 secondary care centers. NAS grading and staging were available for 180 cases (16%) with 179/180 conducted at tertiary care level. Of these, 61 (34%) qualified for resmetirom. FAST score without histologic assessment was available for 638 cases (57.3%), of which 612 (87%) were from tertiary and 26 (11%) from secondary care centers. Based on approach (ii), 41 (6%) of these individuals qualified for resmetirom compared to 117 (18.3%) using approach (iii). Combining approach (iii) with FAST ≥ 0.67 leads to 191 (30.0%) eligible patients. Using VCTE 8-15 kPa results in 182 (28.5%) eligible patients.Eligibility for resmetirom treatment depends on the available method used to identify "at-risk MASH". Availability of VCTE was highest among different levels of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Katharina Messer
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Petroff
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörn Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Medical Clinic I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Buggisch
- ifi-Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Leberstiftungs-GmbH Deutschland, Hannover, Germany
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf P Hofmann
- Leberstiftungs-GmbH Deutschland, Hannover, Germany
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wiegand
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Ioanna P, Vasileios N, Chrysoula G, Savvoula S. The role of mean platelet volume in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2025:e70074. [PMID: 40370273 DOI: 10.1111/eci.70074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2025] [Accepted: 05/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been reported significantly higher in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), suggesting a thrombogenic effect with an inconclusive link to excess risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to elucidate the role of MPV in MASLD and review the literature. METHODS A cohort of consecutive biopsy-proven MASLD patients was retrospectively investigated for possible associations of MPV with histological features of the disease and, separately, with patients' estimated risk for CVD. CVD Risk was assessed with three different scores: QRISK2, HellenicSCORE II and NAFLD CV Risk. Laboratory investigation included calculation of insulin resistance with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and measurement of serum adiponectin in a subgroup of patients. RESULTS In a total of 139 MASLD patients, 56 (40.3%) with advanced fibrosis (F3/F4) steatohepatitis were included. MPV exceeded the upper limit of normal (=10 fl) in a significant proportion of study participants (n = 28.1%), with an overall mean of 9.4 ± .9 fl. Statistically significant associations of MPV with platelet count (Pearson correlation, p < .001), with fibrosis stage (one-way ANOVA, p = .040), with adiponectin (Spearman's correlation, p = .033), and all three different CVD Risk scores were found. Finally, a strong negative correlation was detected between serum adiponectin and CVD Risk scores. CONCLUSIONS In this study's cohort of MASLD patients, high MPV was associated with higher fibrosis stages and with increased estimated risk for CVD. Correlations of serum adiponectin to MPV and CVD risk scores support its implication as a cytokine-mediator that has to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papagiouvanni Ioanna
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokrateio University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nervas Vasileios
- Hepatology Outpatients' Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, "G.GENNIMATAS" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, "G.GENNIMATAS" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gouta Chrysoula
- Hepatology Outpatients' Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, "G.GENNIMATAS" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Histopathology, Hippokrateio University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvidou Savvoula
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokrateio University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Hepatology Outpatients' Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, "G.GENNIMATAS" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Polzin A, Scheiber D, Voss F, Haurand J, Zweck E, Oehler D, Maier O, Cramer M, Spieker M, Moos C, Tokhi U, Naguib D, Mourikis P, Benkhoff M, Wagner R, Roden M, Schultheiss HP, Dietrich S, Aubin H, Boeken U, Lichtenberg A, Kelm M. METAB-HTX: prospective, longitudinal cohort study evaluating cardiac and systemic metabolism after heart transplantation. ESC Heart Fail 2025. [PMID: 40375600 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart transplantation (HTX) is the treatment of choice for advanced heart failure. Still, long-term survival needs to be improved. Recent studies showed that obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as impaired renal and liver function are associated with mortality post-HTX. There are many open questions including (i) optimal metabolic surveillance post-transplant, (ii) association of metabolic deterioration and cardiac function, (iii) association with hepatic and renal deterioration, and (iv) optimal timing and choice of treatment. The METAB-HTX trial will address these open questions, hypothesizing that metabolic deterioration post-HTX is associated with impaired cardiac function and survival. METHODS AND RESULTS METAB-HTX is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study, enrolling 400 patients post-HTX in a period of 5 years. Time-series, deep cardiac, and metabolic phenotyping will be conducted. Cardiac function will be analysed by echocardiography as well as serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (cMRI/MRS). Coronary angiography will be conducted to assess both macrovascular and microvascular coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV). To evaluate allograft rejection, endomyocardial biopsies will be taken. Metabolic alterations will be investigated by (i) glucometabolic phenotyping including serial oral glucose tolerance tests, homeostasis model assessment, T2D endotyping, and muscle biopsies in selected cases; (ii) lipid disorders will be evaluated by classical lipid measurements in combination with evaluation of HDL function, plasma membrane lipid composition, fluidity analyses of circulating cells and MRI/MRS for adipose tissue distribution, and ectopic fat analysis. Kidney and liver function and structural alterations will be evaluated. Complex analyses will be conducted to evaluate (i) myocardial substrate utilization and energy metabolism by cardiac and circulating cell respirometry, (ii) impact of genetic (including immunogenetic) and transcriptomic factors by third- and fourth generation sequencing (short- and long-read sequencing), (iii) circulating signatures of future neoplasia by single-cell sequencing of circulating leucocytes, and (iv) evaluation of thromboinflammation in association with heart transplant events. The primary endpoint will be the incidence of heart transplant events, defined as worsening of systolic or diastolic left ventricular function, CAV, allograft rejection, worsening of kidney function, metabolic liver disease, infections, neoplasia, deterioration of glucose and lipid metabolism. Secondary outcomes include hospitalizations related to primary endpoints, re-HTX or ventricular assist device, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The METAB-HTX trial will identify early metabolic alterations potentially impairing cardiac function and outcome of HTX patients. This will identify patients at risk and allow precise planning of interventional trials to treat metabolic alterations post-HTX and improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Scheiber
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Voss
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Haurand
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elric Zweck
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Oehler
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Maier
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Spieker
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Moos
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ursala Tokhi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Naguib
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Benkhoff
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Hematology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical, Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Carbone F, Després JP, Ioannidis JPA, Neeland IJ, Garruti G, Busetto L, Liberale L, Ministrini S, Vilahur G, Schindler TH, Macedo MP, Di Ciaula A, Krawczyk M, Geier A, Baffy G, Faienza MF, Farella I, Santoro N, Frühbeck G, Yárnoz-Esquiroz P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Chávez-Manzanera E, Vázquez-Velázquez V, Oppert JM, Kiortsis DN, Sbraccia P, Zoccali C, Portincasa P, Montecucco F. Bridging the gap in obesity research: A consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical Investigation. Eur J Clin Invest 2025:e70059. [PMID: 40371883 DOI: 10.1111/eci.70059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most forms of obesity are associated with chronic diseases that remain a global public health challenge. AIMS Despite significant advancements in understanding its pathophysiology, effective management of obesity is hindered by the persistence of knowledge gaps in epidemiology, phenotypic heterogeneity and policy implementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This consensus statement by the European Society for Clinical Investigation identifies eight critical areas requiring urgent attention. Key gaps include insufficient long-term data on obesity trends, the inadequacy of body mass index (BMI) as a sole diagnostic measure, and insufficient recognition of phenotypic diversity in obesity-related cardiometabolic risks. Moreover, the socio-economic drivers of obesity and its transition across phenotypes remain poorly understood. RESULTS The syndemic nature of obesity, exacerbated by globalization and environmental changes, necessitates a holistic approach integrating global frameworks and community-level interventions. This statement advocates for leveraging emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to refine predictive models and address phenotypic variability. It underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders to create tailored interventions and enduring policies. DISCUSSION The consensus highlights the need for harmonizing anthropometric and biochemical markers, fostering inclusive public health narratives and combating stigma associated with obesity. By addressing these gaps, this initiative aims to advance research, improve prevention strategies and optimize care delivery for people living with obesity. CONCLUSION This collaborative effort marks a decisive step towards mitigating the obesity epidemic and its profound impact on global health systems. Ultimately, obesity should be considered as being largely the consequence of a socio-economic model not compatible with optimal human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- VITAM - Centre de Recherche en santé Durable, Centre intégré Universitaire de santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ian J Neeland
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Cardiology Department, Luzerner Kantonspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas H Schindler
- Washington University in St. Louis, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- APDP - Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS | FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Geier
- Interdisciplinary Amyloidosis Center of Northern Bavaria, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hepatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V. Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación en la Salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERObn (CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Yárnoz-Esquiroz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación en la Salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERObn (CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación en la Salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERObn (CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Chávez-Manzanera
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Human Nutrition Research Center Ile-de-France (CRNH IdF), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios N Kiortsis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem), Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renale (IPNET), c/o Nefrologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Sardà H, Genua I, Miñambres I. GLP-1 receptor agonists in obesity treatment: Effects on cardiometabolic variables and cardiovascular disease. Med Clin (Barc) 2025; 165:106951. [PMID: 40378625 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2025.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/19/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Drugs with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (arGLP-1) action for overweight/obesity, such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have shown improvements in weight and body composition, as well as in parameters related to glucose metabolism, hypertension, dyslipidemia (reduction of triglycerides and increase in HDL cholesterol), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Additionally, semaglutide 2.4mg sc has shown a reduction in cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and symptoms of heart failure, while tirzepatide has demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and heart failure symptoms in patients with obesity and heart failure. The availability of these new drugs with arGLP-1 action represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of obesity, as they achieve greater weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sardà
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Idoia Genua
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España
| | - Inka Miñambres
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España.
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Chen X, Wan Z, Wu L, Cai X, Si H, Liu X, Zhao Q, Xu F, Deng H. CiR-EIS alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by modulating macrophage polarization involving the miR-548m/IGF1 axis. Clin Nutr 2025; 50:104-116. [PMID: 40409233 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a significant public health concern, with macrophage phenotypes implicated in its progression. Although extensive inflammation-suppressing circular RNA (ciR-EIS, formerly named as hsa_circ_0008882) has been implicated in inflammation regulation, its role in macrophage polarization within the context of MASH remains unexplored. This study aimed to clarify the effect of ciR-EIS on macrophage polarization in MASH. METHODS Immunofluorescence-fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to evaluate the localization of ciR-EIS in human liver sections. THP-1-derived macrophages (TDMs) were utilized to study ciR-EIS functions in vitro. Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR were employed to evaluate macrophage polarization after transfection. Bodipy assay was used to measure lipid buildup in HepG2 cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm liver insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression. Retrospective clinical records were analyzed to examine the association between cir-EIS, IGF1, and MASH. RESULTS CiR-EIS was downregulated in patients with MASH and colocalized with the macrophage marker CD68. CiR-EIS and mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5 (MT-ND5) were downregulated in M1 macrophages and upregulated in M2 macrophages. TDM-derived supernatants overexpressed ciR-EIS, significantly reducing HepG2 lipid deposition and inhibiting LX2 proliferation. Overexpression of ciR-EIS in TDMs significantly inhibited M1 macrophage markers CD86, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha while enhancing M2 macrophage markers CD163 and CD206. CiR-EIS regulated macrophage polarization in a manner involving the miR-548m/IGF1 axis. Serum IGF1 levels were positively correlated with ciR-EIS, and both of them were notably reduced in patients with MASH and inversely correlated with APRI and FIB-4 scores. CONCLUSIONS CiR-EIS regulates macrophage polarization in a manner involving the miR-548/IGF1 axis, thereby reducing hepatocyte lipid accumulation and stellate cell proliferation in MASH. It demonstrates potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhiping Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hang Si
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoquan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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50
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Yeo YH, Zhu Y, Gao J, Liu S, Ni W, Rui F, Bai X, Geng N, Jin R, Speliotes EK, Wu C, Shi J, Qi X, Chen VL, Newsome PN, Li J. Anthropometric Measures and Mortality Risk in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Population-Based Cohort Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2025. [PMID: 40366297 DOI: 10.1111/apt.70174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS As the primary anthropometric measure in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), waist circumference (WC) may more accurately reflect the visceral fat distribution than body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of BMI, WC and WC-related indices including waist-hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (BSI) and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) in individuals with MASLD. METHODS The study population was derived from four large-scale cohorts: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017-2020 and NHANES III), the Kailuan Cohort and the UK Biobank Cohort. We evaluated the mortality risk across these measures using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and restrictive cubic spline. RESULTS The Pearson correlation coefficient of WC with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was better than that of BMI. WC [Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: HR (hazard ratio) = 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.93)] and WC-related indices [Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: WHR HR = 3.21 (95% CI 2.36-4.37); BSI HR = 3.22 (95% CI 2.48-4.17); WWI HR = 4.72 (95% CI 3.36-6.62)], but not BMI [obesity vs. lean: HR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.72-1.12)], indicated a significant mortality risk gradient among individuals with MASLD. The finding was consistent across sex and racial/ethnic subgroups, with external validation supporting the WC-related indices. MASLD and fibrosis prevalence showed a dose-dependent pattern across WC-related index quartiles. Notably, low BMI and high WC-related indices portended the highest mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS WC and WC-related indices are better parameters in prognosticating MASLD than BMI. The BMI-related 'obesity paradox' may be a misnomer resulting from the use of an incorrect metric. WC should be measured more routinely among individuals with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Hui Yeo
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yixuan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingli Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shanghao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Center of Portal Hypertension, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fajuan Rui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Shi
- The Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Disease, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Radiology, Center of Portal Hypertension, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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