151
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Expression Profiles of Ligands for Activating Natural Killer Cell Receptors on HIV Infected and Uninfected CD4⁺ T Cells. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100295. [PMID: 29023371 PMCID: PMC5691646 DOI: 10.3390/v9100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell responses to HIV-infected CD4 T cells (iCD4) depend on the integration of signals received through inhibitory (iNKR) and activating NK receptors (aNKR). iCD4 activate NK cells to inhibit HIV replication. HIV infection-dependent changes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands for iNKR on iCD4 are well documented. By contrast, less is known regarding the HIV infection related changes in ligands for aNKR on iCD4. We examined the aNKR ligand profiles HIV p24+ HIV iCD4s that maintained cell surface CD4 (iCD4+), did not maintain CD4 (iCD4−) and uninfected CD4 (unCD4) T cells for expression of unique long (UL)-16 binding proteins-1 (ULBP-1), ULBP-2/5/6, ULBP-3, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1-related (MIC)-A, MIC-B, CD48, CD80, CD86, CD112, CD155, Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-A2, HLA-C, and the ligands to NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DS1 (KIR3DS1) by flow cytometry on CD4 T cells from 17 HIV-1 seronegative donors activated and infected with HIV. iCD4+ cells had higher expression of aNKR ligands than did unCD4. However, the expression of aNKR ligands on iCD4 where CD4 was downregulated (iCD4−) was similar to (ULBP-1, ULBP-2/5/6, ULBP-3, MIC-A, CD48, CD80, CD86 and CD155) or significantly lower than (MIC-B, CD112 and ICAM-2) what was observed on unCD4. Thus, HIV infection can be associated with increased expression of aNKR ligands or either baseline or lower than baseline levels of aNKR ligands, concomitantly with the HIV-mediated downregulation of cell surface CD4 on infected cells.
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152
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Lin SJ, Kuo ML, Hsiao HS, Lee PT, Chen JY, Huang JL. Activating and inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis-regulation with interleukin-15. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186223. [PMID: 29023581 PMCID: PMC5638402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Interleukin(IL)-15, an NK-enhancing cytokine, is over-expressed in SLE patients. In the present study, we examined the effect of IL-15 on NK cytotoxicity of SLE patients, and the expression of various activating and inhibitory NK receptors on NK cells from SLE patients in relation to disease activity. We also sought to determine how IL-15 would affect the NK receptor expression on NK cells from SLE patients. PBMCs were collected from 88 SLE patients with inactive disease activity (SLEDAI score<6) and active disease activity (SLEDAI score≥6), 26 age-matched healthy adults were used as controls. PBMC were incubated in the presence or absence of IL-15 (10ng/ml) for eighteen hours. CD3-CD56+ lymphoctes were gated using flow cytometry and further divided into CD56dim and CD56bright subsets according to the MFI of CD56. We observed that 1. Serum IL-15 was elevated in SLE patients, and higher in active disease than in inactive disease; 2. NK cytotoxicity of SLE patients was deficient compared to controls and showed an impaired response to IL-15 compared to controls; 3.CD69, CD94, NKG2A, NKp30, and CD158b on NK cells from SLE patients were higher than controls, and could be further enhanced by IL-15; 4. NKp46 expression from SLE patients was higher than controls, but down-regulated by IL-15; 5.Deficient NKG2D and NKAT-2 expression were found on NK cells from SLE patients, which were enhanced by IL-15; 6. A unique NKp46- subset and CD158b+ subsets were observed in NK cells from SLE patients but not controls. 7. Unlike controls, CD158k on NK cells from SLE patients failed to respond to IL-15. Taken together, we demonstrated the aberrant NCR and iNKR expression on NK cells and their distinct response to IL-15 in SLE patients. As IL-15 predominantly aggravates the aberrant NKR expression found in SLE, IL-15 antagonist may have therapeutic benefits in SLE patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Male
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Syh-Jae Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Shan Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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153
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Increased NK cell immunity in a transgenic mouse model of NKp46 overexpression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13090. [PMID: 29026144 PMCID: PMC5638832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells employ activating receptors like the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors (NCRs: NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46), of which only NKp46 has a mouse orthologue (Ncr1), to eliminate abnormal cells. NKp46/Ncr1 is considered a selective marker for NK cells, although it is also found on a subset of ILCs, where it appears to be without function. The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) was the first ligand identified for Ncr1/NKp46 followed by other viral, bacterial and even fungal ligands. NKp46/Ncr1 also recognizes unknown self and tumor ligands. Here we describe the generation of a transgenic mouse where the Ncr1 gene is expressed in the Rosa locus, preceded by a floxed stop sequence allowing Ncr1/NKp46 expression in various tissues upon crossing with Cre transgenic mouse lines. Surprisingly, while several crossings were attempted, Ncr1 overexpression was successful only where cre recombinase expression was dependent on the Ncr1 promoter. Ncr1 overexpression in NK cells increased NK cell immunity in two hallmark Ncr1 related pathologies, influenza virus infection and B16 melanoma. These data suggest that increasing NK cell cytotoxicity by enforced NKp46/Ncr1 expression serves as a potential therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of various pathologies, and in immunotherapy.
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154
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Eisenberg V, Shamalov K, Meir S, Hoogi S, Sarkar R, Pinker S, Markel G, Porgador A, Cohen CJ. Targeting Multiple Tumors Using T-Cells Engineered to Express a Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor 2-Based Chimeric Receptor. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1212. [PMID: 29085357 PMCID: PMC5649149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in cancer treatment are demonstrating the increasing and powerful potential of immunotherapeutic strategies. In this regard, the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T-lymphocytes approaches can lead to tumor regression in cancer patients. More recently, the use of T-cells genetically engineered to express cancer-specific receptors such as the anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) continues to show promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Still, there is a crucial need to develop efficient CAR-T cell approaches for the treatment of solid tumors. It has been shown that other lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells can demonstrate potent antitumor function—nonetheless, their use in immunotherapy is rather limited due to difficulties in expanding these cells to therapeutically relevant numbers and to suppression by endogenous inhibitory mechanisms. Cancer recognition by NK cells is partly mediated by molecules termed natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). In the present study, we hypothesize that it is possible to endow T-cells with an NK recognition pattern, providing them with a mean to recognize tumor cells, in a non-MHC restricted way. To test this, we genetically modified human T-cells with different chimeric receptors based on the human NCR2 molecule and then assessed their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that expression in primary lymphocytes of an NCR2-derived CAR, termed s4428z, confers T-cells with the ability to specifically recognize heterogeneous tumors and to mediate tumor cytotoxicity in a mouse model. This study demonstrates the benefit of combining tumor recognition capability of NK cells with T cell effectiveness to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Eisenberg
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katerina Shamalov
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shimrit Meir
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shiran Hoogi
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rhitajit Sarkar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,ASAS, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, India
| | - Shirel Pinker
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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155
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Semeraro ML, Glenn LM, Morris MA. The Four-Way Stop Sign: Viruses, 12-Lipoxygenase, Islets, and Natural Killer Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:246. [PMID: 28993759 PMCID: PMC5622285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent an important effector arm against viral infection, and mounting evidence suggests that viral infection plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in at least a portion of patients. NK cells recognize their target cells through a delicate balance of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors on their surface. If unbalanced, NK cells have great potential to wreak havoc in the pancreas due to the beta cell expression of the as-yet-defined NKp46 ligand through interactions with the activating NKp46 receptor found on the surface of most NK cells. Blocking interactions between NKp46 and its ligand protects mice from STZ-induced diabetes, but differential expression non-diabetic and diabetic donor samples have not been tested. Additional studies have shown that peripheral blood NK cells from human T1D patients have altered phenotypes that reduce the lytic and functional ability of the NK cells. Investigations of humanT1D pancreas tissues have indicated that the presence of NK cells may be beneficial despite their infrequent detection. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we have noted that NK cells express high levels of the proinflammatory mediator 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), and decreased levels of stimulatory receptors. Conversely, NK cells of 12/15-LO deficient NOD mice, which are protected from diabetes development, express significantly higher levels of stimulatory receptors. Furthermore, the human NK92 cell line expresses the ALOX12 protein [human 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), related to mouse 12/15-LO] via Western blotting. Human 12-LO is upregulated in the pancreas of both T1D and T2D human donors with insulin-containing islets, showing a link between 12-LO expression and diabetes progression. Therefore, our hypothesis is that NK cells in those susceptible to developing T1D are unable to function properly during viral infections of pancreatic beta cells due to increased 12-LO expression and activation, which contributes to increased interferon-gamma production and an imbalance in activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors, and may contribute to downstream autoimmune T cell responses. The work presented here outlines evidence from our lab, as well as published literature, supporting our hypothesis, including novel data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Semeraro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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156
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NKp46 Recognizes the Sigma1 Protein of Reovirus: Implications for Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01045-17. [PMID: 28724773 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of oncolytic virus for therapy of melanoma patients has increased the need for precise evaluation of the mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses affect tumor growth. Here we show that the human NK cell-activating receptor NKp46 and the orthologous mouse protein NCR1 recognize the reovirus sigma1 protein in a sialic-acid-dependent manner. We identify sites of NKp46/NCR1 binding to sigma1 and show that sigma1 binding by NKp46/NCR1 leads to NK cell activation in vitro Finally, we demonstrate that NCR1 activation is essential for reovirus-based therapy in vivo Collectively, we have identified sigma1 as a novel ligand for NKp46/NCR1 and demonstrated that NKp46/NCR1 is needed both for clearance of reovirus infection and for reovirus-based tumor therapy.IMPORTANCE Reovirus infects much of the population during childhood, causing mild disease, and hence is considered to be efficiently controlled by the immune system. Reovirus also specifically infects tumor cells, leading to tumor death, and is currently being tested in human clinical trials for cancer therapy. The mechanisms by which our immune system controls reovirus infection and tumor killing are not well understood. We report here that natural killer (NK) cells recognize a viral protein named sigma1 through the NK cell-activating receptor NKp46. Using several mouse tumor models, we demonstrate the importance of NK cells in protection from reovirus infection and in reovirus killing of tumors in vivo Collectively, we identify a new ligand for the NKp46 receptor and provide evidence for the importance of NKp46 in the control of reovirus infections and in reovirus-based cancer therapy.
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157
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Vitenshtein A, Charpak-Amikam Y, Yamin R, Bauman Y, Isaacson B, Stein N, Berhani O, Dassa L, Gamliel M, Gur C, Glasner A, Gomez C, Ben-Ami R, Osherov N, Cormack BP, Mandelboim O. NK Cell Recognition of Candida glabrata through Binding of NKp46 and NCR1 to Fungal Ligands Epa1, Epa6, and Epa7. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 20:527-534. [PMID: 27736647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells form an important arm of the innate immune system and function to combat a wide range of invading pathogens, ranging from viruses to bacteria. However, the means by which NK cells accomplish recognition of pathogens with a limited repertoire of receptors remain largely unknown. In the current study, we describe the recognition of an emerging fungal pathogen, Candida glabrata, by the human NK cytotoxic receptor NKp46 and its mouse ortholog, NCR1. Using NCR1 knockout mice, we observed that this receptor-mediated recognition was crucial for controlling C. glabrata infection in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we delineated the fungal ligands to be the C. glabrata adhesins Epa1, Epa6, and Epa7 and demonstrated that clearance of systemic C. glabrata infections in vivo depends on their recognition by NCR1. As NKp46 and NCR1 have been previously shown to bind viral adhesion receptors, we speculate that NKp46/NCR1 may be a novel type of pattern recognition receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Vitenshtein
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Charpak-Amikam
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Bauman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Natan Stein
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liat Dassa
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moriya Gamliel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Glasner
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6423906 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 39040 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 39040 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brendan P Cormack
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
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158
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Deficiency of the NOD-Like Receptor NLRC5 Results in Decreased CD8 + T Cell Function and Impaired Viral Clearance. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00377-17. [PMID: 28615208 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00377-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen recognition receptors are vital components of the immune system. Engagement of these receptors is important not only for instigation of innate immune responses to invading pathogens but also for initiating the adaptive immune response. Members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of pathogen recognition receptors have important roles in orchestrating this response. The NLR family member NLRC5 regulates major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression during various types of infections, but its role in immunity to influenza A virus (IAV) is not well studied. Here we show that Nlrc5-/- mice exhibit an altered CD8+ T cell response during IAV infection compared to that of wild-type (WT) mice. Nlrc5-/- mice have decreased MHC-I expression on hematopoietic cells and fewer CD8+ T cells prior to infection. NLRC5 deficiency does not affect the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells following IAV infection; however, a change in epitope dominance is observed in Nlrc5-/- mice. Moreover, IAV-specific CD8+ T cells from Nlrc5-/- mice have impaired effector functions. This change in the adaptive immune response is associated with impaired viral clearance in Nlrc5-/- mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate an important role for NLRC5 in regulation of antiviral immune responses and viral clearance during IAV infection.IMPORTANCE The NOD-like receptor family member NLRC5 is known to regulate expression of MHC-I as well as other genes required for antigen processing. In addition, NLRC5 also regulates various immune signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of NLRC5 during influenza virus infection and found a major role for NLRC5 in restricting virus replication and promoting viral clearance. The observed increases in viral titers in NLRC5-deficient mice correlated with impaired effector CD8+ T cell responses. Although NLRC5-deficient mice were defective at clearing the virus, they did not show an increase in morbidity or mortality following influenza virus infection because of other compensatory immune mechanisms. Therefore, our study highlights how NLRC5 regulates multiple immune effector mechanisms to promote the host defense during influenza virus infection.
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159
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Sanchez-Correa B, Bergua JM, Pera A, Campos C, Arcos MJ, Bañas H, Duran E, Solana R, Tarazona R. In Vitro Culture with Interleukin-15 Leads to Expression of Activating Receptors and Recovery of Natural Killer Cell Function in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:931. [PMID: 28824651 PMCID: PMC5545593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the therapeutic approach of malignant hemopathies, their prognoses remain frequently poor. Immunotherapy could open a new window of great interest in this setting. Natural killer (NK) cells constitute an important area of research for hematologic malignancies, because this subpopulation is able to kill target cells spontaneously without previous sensitization, representing a novel tool in the treatment of them. Abnormal NK cytolytic function is observed in several hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. Several mechanisms are involved in this abnormal function, such as decreased expression of activating receptors, increased expression of inhibitory receptors or defective expression of NK cell ligands on target cells. New immunotherapies are focused in identifying factors that could increase the expression of these activating receptors, to counteract inhibitory receptors expression, and therefore, to improve the NK cell cytotoxic capacities against tumor cells. In this work, we analyze the effect of interleukin (IL)-15 on the expression of NK cell-activating receptors that play a crucial role in the lysis of blasts from AML patients. Our results showed that IL-15 increased the surface expression of NKp30 on NK cells from healthy donors and AML patients with the consequent improvement of NK cell cytotoxicity. Besides, the upregulation of NKp30 induced by IL-15 is associated with an improvement of NK-mediated myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) maturation. NK cells cultured with IL-15 showed an upregulation of NKp30, which is associated with an increase anti-tumor activity and with an improved maturation of immature DCs. In our in vitro model, IL-15 exerted a great activating stimulus that could be used as novel immunotherapy in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M Bergua
- Department of Haematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Red Espanola de Investigacion en Patologia Infecciosa (REIPI), Córdoba, Spain.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Campos
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Red Espanola de Investigacion en Patologia Infecciosa (REIPI), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Arcos
- Department of Haematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Helena Bañas
- Department of Haematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Esther Duran
- Histology and Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Red Espanola de Investigacion en Patologia Infecciosa (REIPI), Córdoba, Spain
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160
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Miletic A, Lenartic M, Popovic B, Brizic I, Trsan T, Miklic K, Mandelboim O, Krmpotic A, Jonjic S. NCR1-deficiency diminishes the generation of protective murine cytomegalovirus antibodies by limiting follicular helper T-cell maturation. Eur J Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28643847 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NKp46/NCR1 is an activating NK-cell receptor implicated in the control of various viral and bacterial infections. Recent findings also suggest that it plays a role in shaping the adaptive immune response to pathogens. Using NCR1-deficient (NCR1gfp/gfp ) mice, we provide evidence for the role of NCR1 in antibody response to mouse cytomegalovirus infection (MCMV). The absence of NCR1 resulted in impaired maturation, function and NK-cell migration to regional lymph nodes. In addition, CD4+ T-cell activation and follicular helper T-cell (Tfh) generation were reduced, leading to inferior germinal center (GC) B-cell maturation. As a consequence, NCR1gfp/gfp mice produced lower amounts of MCMV-specific antibodies upon infection, which correlated with lower number of virus-specific antibody secreting cells in analyzed lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Miletic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Lenartic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branka Popovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tihana Trsan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karmela Miklic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Astrid Krmpotic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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161
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Radinsky O, Edri A, Brusilovsky M, Fedida-Metula S, Sobarzo A, Gershoni-Yahalom O, Lutwama J, Dye J, Lobel L, Porgador A. Sudan ebolavirus long recovered survivors produce GP-specific Abs that are of the IgG1 subclass and preferentially bind FcγRI. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6054. [PMID: 28729706 PMCID: PMC5519693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus is a highly lethal pathogen, causing a severe hemorrhagic disease with a high fatality rate. To better understand immune correlates of protection by virus specific IgG, we investigated the evolution of the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs)-activating capabilities of antiviral IgG in serum samples of long recovered survivors. To this end, longitudinal serum samples from survivors of Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) infection, studied over years, were examined for the presence of Ebola-GP specific IgG subclasses, and for their binding to FcγRs. We developed a cell-based reporter system to quantitate pathogen-specific antibody binding to FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB and FcγRI. With this system, we demonstrate that anti-GP-specific stimulation of the FcγRI reporter by survivors’ sera was substantially high one year after acute infection, with a slight reduction in activity over a decade post infection. We further demonstrate that GP-specific IgG1 is by far the seroprevalent subclass that retained and even enhanced its presence in the sera, over ten years post infection; the prevalence of other GP-specific IgG subclasses was considerably reduced over time. In accordance, GP-specific FcγRI reporter response and GP-specific total IgG1 subclass correlated in the studied group of Ebola survivors. These observations are important for further informing Ebola vaccine and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Radinsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Avishay Edri
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Brusilovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shlomit Fedida-Metula
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ariel Sobarzo
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Orly Gershoni-Yahalom
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Julius Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - John Dye
- Virology Division - U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, 21701, USA
| | - Leslie Lobel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. .,Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. .,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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162
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Müller L, Steiner SK, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Latzin P. Exposure to silver nanoparticles affects viability and function of natural killer cells, mostly via the release of ions. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:167-176. [PMID: 28721573 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses, especially during viral infections and tumor surveillance. They have two major effector functions: the killing of stressed/abnormal cells and the release of cytokines. Their activity is regulated via inhibitory and activating surface receptors. At the same time that the production and use of engineered nanoparticles is steadily increasing, the risk for exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from consumer products or biomedical applications is growing. Given this, we assessed the effects of 20-nm big AgNPs on NK cells, which represent an important part of the immune system. Our study involved overnight exposure of human blood NK cells to different concentrations of AgNPs, and silver (Ag) ion controls, and analyzing them for viability, surface receptor expression, intracellular markers, cytokine release, and killing potential. Exposure to AgNPs, but not to Ag ion controls, reduced the viability and the cytotoxic potential after polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stimulation of NK cells and increased the expression of the inhibitory receptor CD159a. Exposure to AgNPs and Ag ion controls reduced the expression of the activating receptors CD335 and of CD16 and increased the expression of the activating receptor CD314. Overall, exposure to AgNPs changes NK cells' function and phenotype and may present a risk for modulating human immune responses, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Müller
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Selina K Steiner
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Latzin
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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163
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Contribution of innate immune cells to pathogenesis of severe influenza virus infection. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:269-283. [PMID: 28108632 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause respiratory illness of varying severity based on the virus strains, host predisposition and pre-existing immunity. Ultimately, outcome and recovery from infection rely on an effective immune response comprising both innate and adaptive components. The innate immune response provides the first line of defence and is crucial to the outcome of infection. Airway epithelial cells are the first cell type to encounter the virus in the lungs, providing antiviral and chemotactic molecules that shape the ensuing immune response by rapidly recruiting innate effector cells such as NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. Each cell type has unique mechanisms to combat virus-infected cells and limit viral replication, however their actions may also lead to pathology. This review focuses how innate cells contribute to protection and pathology, and provides evidence for their involvement in immune pathology in IAV infections.
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164
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Mosabbir AA, Truong K. Ca 2+ -mediated rewiring of cell homing and fusion to VEGF sources. Cell Calcium 2017; 65:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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165
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NK Cells and Their Role in Invasive Mold Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3020025. [PMID: 29371543 PMCID: PMC5715926 DOI: 10.3390/jof3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Natural Killer (NK) cells exhibit in vitro activity against both Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus molds. Cytotoxic molecules such as NK cell-derived perforin seem to play an important role in the antifungal activity. In addition, NK cells release a number of cytokines upon stimulation by fungi, which modulate both innate and adaptive host immune responses. Whereas the in vitro data of the antifungal activity of NK cells are supported by animal studies, clinical data are scarce to date.
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166
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Corti D, Cameroni E, Guarino B, Kallewaard NL, Zhu Q, Lanzavecchia A. Tackling influenza with broadly neutralizing antibodies. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 24:60-69. [PMID: 28527859 PMCID: PMC7102826 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity and inflammatory conditions and represent a new frontier for the treatment of infectious diseases. In the last decade, new methods have allowed the efficient interrogation of the human antibody repertoire from influenza immune individuals and the isolation of several monoclonal antibodies capable of dealing with the high variability of influenza viruses. Here, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the specificity, antiviral and immunological mechanisms of action and development into the clinic of broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies against influenza A and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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167
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Mayes K, Elsayed Z, Alhazmi A, Waters M, Alkhatib SG, Roberts M, Song C, Peterson K, Chan V, Ailaney N, Malapati P, Blevins T, Lisnić B, Dumur CI, Landry JW. BPTF inhibits NK cell activity and the abundance of natural cytotoxicity receptor co-ligands. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64344-64357. [PMID: 28969075 PMCID: PMC5610007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using syngeneic BALB/c mouse breast cancer models, we show that the chromatin remodeling subunit bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF) suppresses natural killer (NK) cell antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In culture, BPTF suppresses direct natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) mediated NK cell cytolytic activity to mouse and human cancer cell lines, demonstrating conserved functions. Blocking mouse NCR1 in vivo rescues BPTF KD tumor weights, demonstrating its importance for the control of tumor growth. We discovered that BPTF occupies heparanase (Hpse) regulatory elements, activating its expression. Increased heparanase activity results in reduced cell surface abundance of the NCR co-ligands: heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Using gain and loss of function approaches we show that elevated heparanase levels suppress NK cell cytolytic activity to tumor cells in culture. These results suggest that BPTF activates heparanase expression, which in turn reduces cell surface HSPGs and NCR co-ligands, inhibiting NK cell activity. Furthermore, gene expression data from human breast cancer tumors shows that elevated BPTF expression correlates with reduced antitumor immune cell signatures, supporting conserved roles for BPTF in suppressing antitumor immunity. Conditional BPTF depletion in established mouse breast tumors enhances antitumor immunity, suggesting that inhibiting BPTF could provide a novel immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Mayes
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Zeinab Elsayed
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Aiman Alhazmi
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Michael Waters
- The Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Suehyb G Alkhatib
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Mark Roberts
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Carolyn Song
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Kristen Peterson
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Vivian Chan
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Nikhil Ailaney
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Pumoli Malapati
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Tana Blevins
- The Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- The Center for Proteomics and Department for Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Catherine I Dumur
- The Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Joseph W Landry
- The Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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168
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Narni-Mancinelli E, Gauthier L, Baratin M, Guia S, Fenis A, Deghmane AE, Rossi B, Fourquet P, Escalière B, Kerdiles YM, Ugolini S, Taha MK, Vivier E. Complement factor P is a ligand for the natural killer cell-activating receptor NKp46. Sci Immunol 2017; 2. [PMID: 28480349 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam9628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in immune responses to microbes and various stressed cells, such as tumor cells. They include group 1 [such as natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1], group 2, and group 3 ILCs. Besides their capacity to respond to cytokines, ILCs detect their targets through a series of cell surface-activating receptors recognizing microbial and nonmicrobial ligands. The nature of some of these ligands remains unclear, limiting our understanding of ILC biology. We focused on NKp46, which is highly conserved in mammals and expressed by all mature NK cells and subsets of ILC1 and ILC3. We show here that NKp46 binds to a soluble plasma glycoprotein, the complement factor P (CFP; properdin), the only known positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway. Consistent with the selective predisposition of patients lacking CFP to lethal Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) infections, NKp46 and group 1 ILCs bearing this receptor were found to be required for mice to survive Nm infection. Moreover, the beneficial effects of CFP treatment for Nm infection were dependent on NKp46 and group 1 NKp46+ ILCs. Thus, group 1 NKp46+ ILCs interact with the complement pathway, via NKp46, revealing a cross-talk between two partners of innate immunity in the response to an invasive bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Myriam Baratin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Guia
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Fenis
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit and National Reference Center for Meningococci, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Fourquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Escalière
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Yann M Kerdiles
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit and National Reference Center for Meningococci, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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169
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Gaynor LM, Colucci F. Uterine Natural Killer Cells: Functional Distinctions and Influence on Pregnancy in Humans and Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:467. [PMID: 28484462 PMCID: PMC5402472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of development and function of natural killer (NK) cells has progressed significantly in recent years. However, exactly how uterine NK (uNK) cells develop and function is still unclear. To help investigators that are beginning to study tissue NK cells, we summarize in this review our current knowledge of the development and function of uNK cells, and what is yet to be elucidated. We compare and contrast the biology of human and mouse uNK cells in the broader context of the biology of innate lymphoid cells and with reference to peripheral NK cells. We also review how uNK cells may regulate trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral arterial remodeling in human and murine pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Gaynor
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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170
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Bancos I, Hazeldine J, Chortis V, Hampson P, Taylor AE, Lord JM, Arlt W. Primary adrenal insufficiency is associated with impaired natural killer cell function: a potential link to increased mortality. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:471-480. [PMID: 28223394 PMCID: PMC5425935 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mortality in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is significantly increased, with respiratory infections as a major cause of death. Moreover, patients with PAI report an increased rate of non-fatal infections. Neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that provide frontline protection against invading pathogens. Thus, we compared the function and phenotype of NK cells and neutrophils isolated from PAI patients and healthy controls to ascertain whether altered innate immune responses could be a contributory factor for the increased susceptibility of PAI patients to infection. DESIGN AND METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study of 42 patients with PAI due to autoimmune adrenalitis (n = 37) or bilateral adrenalectomy (n = 5) and 58 sex- and age-matched controls. A comprehensive screen of innate immune function, consisting of measurements of neutrophil phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and NK cell surface receptor expression, was performed on all subjects. RESULTS Neutrophil function did not differ between PAI and controls. However, NKCC was significantly reduced in PAI (12.0 ± 1.5% vs 21.1 ± 2.6%, P < 0.0001). Phenotypically, the percentage of NK cells expressing the activating receptors NKG2D and NKp46 was significantly lower in PAI, as was the surface density of NKG2D (all P < 0.0001). Intracellular granzyme B expression was significantly increased in NK cells from PAI patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adrenal insufficiency is associated with significantly decreased NKCC, thereby potentially compromising early recognition and elimination of virally infected cells. This potential impairment in anti-viral immune defense may contribute to the increased rate of respiratory infections and ultimately mortality in PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bancos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK (MRC-ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vasileios Chortis
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Hampson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK (MRC-ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK (MRC-ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to W Arlt;
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171
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Pazina T, Shemesh A, Brusilovsky M, Porgador A, Campbell KS. Regulation of the Functions of Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors by Interactions with Diverse Ligands and Alterations in Splice Variant Expression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:369. [PMID: 28424697 PMCID: PMC5371597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family is constituted by NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30 in humans, which are expressed mainly on natural killer (NK) cells and are encoded by the ncr1, ncr2, and ncr3 genes, respectively. NCRs have classically been defined as activating receptors that trigger cytotoxicity and cytokine responses by NK cells upon engaging with ligands on tumor cells. Several new findings, however, have challenged this model and identified alternative mechanisms regulating the function of NCRs. Recent reports indicate that ligand matters, since the interaction of NKp44 with distinct ligands on target cells can either activate or inhibit NK cells. Also, the NCRs have been found to interact with distinct specificities to various heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, which are complex polysaccharides found in extracellular matrix or on cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The NCRs can engage with HSPGs in trans as a co-ligand on the target cells or in cis on the NK cell surface to regulate receptor–ligand interactions and NK cell activation. A number of splice variants of ncr2 and ncr3 have also been identified, and a predominant expression of certain variants results in inhibitory signaling through NKp44 and NKp30. Several recent studies have found that the selective expression of some of these inhibitory splice variants can significantly influence outcome in the contexts of cancer, infection, and pregnancy. These findings establish that NCR functions are more diverse than originally thought, and better understanding of their splice variant expression profiles and ligand interactions are needed to establish their functional regulation in the context of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Avishai Shemesh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Brusilovsky
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angel Porgador
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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172
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DeSelm CJ, Tano ZE, Varghese AM, Adusumilli PS. CAR T-cell therapy for pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:63-74. [PMID: 28346697 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy utilizes genetic engineering to redirect a patient's own T cells to target cancer cells. The remarkable results in hematological malignancies prompted investigating this approach in solid tumors such as pancreatic cancer. The complex tumor microenvironment, stromal hindrance in limiting immune response, and expression of checkpoint blockade on T cells pose hurdles. Herein, we summarize the opportunities, challenges, and state of knowledge in targeting pancreatic cancer with CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J DeSelm
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zachary E Tano
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna M Varghese
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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173
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Yoshioka T, Tatsumi T, Miyagi T, Mukai K, Nishio K, Nishio A, Yokoyama Y, Suda T, Kegasawa T, Shigekawa M, Hikita H, Sakamori R, Takehara T. Frequency and role of NKp46 and NKG2A in hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174103. [PMID: 28328926 PMCID: PMC5362099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Natural Killer (NK) cells are involved in the control of viral infection. However, the role of NK cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. This study investigated the frequencies and roles of NK cells in CHB, with a focus on activating receptor NKp46 and inhibitory receptor NKG2A. Patients/Method Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 71 CHB patients and 37 healthy subjects (HS). The expressions of NKp46 and NKG2A were analyzed using flow cytometry. The role of NKp46-ligand was assessed using an in vitro co-culture system. Cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production in NK cells were evaluated using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results CHB patients were classified into treatment-naïve patients with low HBV DNA titer (CHB-L; n = 28), high HBV DNA titer (CHB-H; n = 24) by the cut-off level of serum HBV DNA 4 log copies/ml, and patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue (CHB-NA; n = 19). The expressions of NKp46 and NKG2A were higher in CHB-H than in HS/CHB-L/CHB-NA. HepG2.2.15 had higher NKp46-ligand expression than HepG2. When NK cells from HS were co-cultured with HepG2.2.15, inhibition of the NKp46 and NKp46-ligand interaction by anti-NKp46 antibody significantly reduced cytolysis of HepG2.2.15 and IFN-γ production. However, those reductions were not observed in co-culture with HepG2. Additionally, NK cells that highly expressed NKp46 also highly expressed NKG2A (NKp46highNKG2Ahigh subset). The frequencies of NKp46highNKG2Ahigh subset in CHB-H were higher than those in HS/CHB-L/CHB-NA. Among treatment-naïve CHB patients, the frequencies of NKp46highNKG2Ahigh subset were positively correlated with serum ALT (P<0.01, r = 0.45) and HBV DNA (P<0.01, r = 0.59) levels. The expressions of Fas-L, STAT1, TRAIL and CD107a were higher and IFN-γ expression was lower in the NKp46highNKG2Ahigh subset than in the other subsets. Conclusion The NKp46 and NKp46-ligand interaction contributes to NK cell activation. A novel NK cell subset, the NKp46highNKG2Ahigh subset, may be associated with liver injury and HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nishio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nishio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kegasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Glycosylation of the Hemagglutinin Protein of H5N1 Influenza Virus Increases Its Virulence in Mice by Exacerbating the Host Immune Response. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02215-16. [PMID: 28100622 PMCID: PMC5355609 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02215-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses continue to circulate in nature and threaten public health. Although several viral determinants and host factors that influence the virulence of HPAI H5N1 viruses in mammals have been identified, the detailed molecular mechanism remains poorly defined and requires further clarification. In our previous studies, we characterized two naturally isolated HPAI H5N1 viruses that had similar viral genomes but differed substantially in their lethality in mice. In this study, we explored the molecular determinants and potential mechanism for this difference in virulence. By using reverse genetics, we found that a single amino acid at position 158 of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein substantially affected the systemic replication and pathogenicity of these H5N1 influenza viruses in mice. We further found that the G158N mutation introduced an N-linked glycosylation at positions 158 to 160 of the HA protein and that this N-linked glycosylation enhanced viral productivity in infected mammalian cells and induced stronger host immune and inflammatory responses to viral infection. These findings further our understanding of the determinants of pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses in mammals. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses continue to evolve in nature and threaten human health. Key mutations in the virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein or reassortment with other pandemic viruses endow HPAI H5N1 viruses with the potential for aerosol transmissibility in mammals. A thorough understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of these viruses will help us to develop more effective control strategies; however, such mechanisms and virulent determinants for H5N1 influenza viruses have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified glycosylation at positions 158 to 160 of the HA protein of two naturally occurring H5N1 viruses as an important virulence determinant. This glycosylation event enhanced viral productivity, exacerbated the host response, and thereby contributed to the high pathogenicity of H5N1 virus in mice.
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175
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Diab M, Glasner A, Isaacson B, Bar-On Y, Drori Y, Yamin R, Duev-Cohen A, Danziger O, Zamostiano R, Mandelboim M, Jonjic S, Bacharach E, Mandelboim O. NK-cell receptors NKp46 and NCR1 control human metapneumovirus infection. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:692-703. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Diab
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ariella Glasner
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; Ramat-Gan Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Oded Danziger
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Rachel Zamostiano
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; Ramat-Gan Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Eran Bacharach
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, the BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC); The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
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Abstract
Triggering of cell-mediated immunity is largely dependent on the recognition of foreign or abnormal molecules by a myriad of cell surface-bound receptors. Many activating immune receptors do not possess any intrinsic signaling capacity but instead form noncovalent complexes with one or more dimeric signaling modules that communicate with a common set of kinases to initiate intracellular information-transfer pathways. This modular architecture, where the ligand binding and signaling functions are detached from one another, is a common theme that is widely employed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of immune systems. The evolutionary advantages of this highly adaptable platform for molecular recognition are visible in the variety of ligand-receptor interactions that can be linked to common signaling pathways, the diversification of receptor modules in response to pathogen challenges, and the amplification of cellular responses through incorporation of multiple signaling motifs. Here we provide an overview of the major classes of modular activating immune receptors and outline the current state of knowledge regarding how these receptors assemble, recognize their ligands, and ultimately trigger intracellular signal transduction pathways that activate immune cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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177
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Avian influenza virus directly infects human natural killer cells and inhibits cell activity. Virol Sin 2017; 32:122-129. [PMID: 28255852 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell is a key component of innate immunity and plays an important role in host defense against virus infection by directly destroying infected cells. Influenza is a respiratory disease transmitted in the early phase of virus infection. Evasion of host innate immunity including NK cells is critical for the virus to expand and establish a successful acute infection. Previously, we showed that human influenza H1N1 virus infects NK cells and induces cell apoptosis, as well as inhibits NK cell activity. In this study, we further demonstrated that avian influenza virus also directly targeted NK cells as an immunoevasion strategy. The avian virus infected human NK cells and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, avian influenza virion and HA protein inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity. This novel strategy has obvious advantages for avian influenza virus, allowing the virus sufficient time to expand and subsequent spread before the onset of the specific immune response. Our findings provide an important clue for the immunopathogenesis of avian influenza, and also suggest that direct targeting NK cells may be a common strategy used by both human and avian influenza viruses to evade NK cell immunity.
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178
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Shemer-Avni Y, Kundu K, Shemesh A, Brusilovsky M, Yossef R, Meshesha M, Solomon-Alemayehu S, Levin S, Gershoni-Yahalom O, Campbell KS, Porgador A. Expression of NKp46 Splice Variants in Nasal Lavage Following Respiratory Viral Infection: Domain 1-Negative Isoforms Predominate and Manifest Higher Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:161. [PMID: 28261217 PMCID: PMC5309248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NKp46/NCR1 plays a critical role in elimination of virus-infected and tumor cells. The NCR1 gene can be transcribed into five different splice variants, but the functional importance and physiological distribution of NKp46 isoforms are not yet fully understood. Here, we shed light on differential expression of NKp46 splice variants in viral respiratory tract infections and their functional difference at the cellular level. NKp46 was the most predominantly expressed natural cytotoxicity receptor in the nasal lavage of patients infected with four respiratory viruses: respiratory syncytia virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, or influenza A. Expression of NKp30 was far lower and NKp44 was absent in all patients. Domain 1-negative NKp46 splice variants (i.e., NKp46 isoform d) were the predominantly expressed isoform in nasal lavage following viral infections. Using our unique anti-NKp46 mAb, D2-9A5, which recognizes the D2 extracellular domain, and a commercial anti-NKp46 mAb, 9E2, which recognizes D1 domain, allowed us to identify a small subset of NKp46 D1-negative splice variant-expressing cells within cultured human primary NK cells. This NKp46 D1-negative subset also showed higher degranulation efficiency in term of CD107a surface expression. NK-92 cell lines expressing NKp46 D1-negative and NKp46 D1-positive splice variants also showed functional differences when interacting with targets. A NKp46 D1-negative isoform-expressing NK-92 cell line showed enhanced degranulation activity. To our knowledge, we provide the first evidence showing the physiological distribution and functional importance of human NKp46 splice variants under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonat Shemer-Avni
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Kiran Kundu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Avishai Shemesh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Brusilovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Rami Yossef
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Mesfin Meshesha
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Semaria Solomon-Alemayehu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Shai Levin
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Orly Gershoni-Yahalom
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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179
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Davis ZB, Sowrirajan B, Cogswell A, Ward JP, Planelles V, Barker E. CD155 on HIV-Infected Cells Is Not Modulated by HIV-1 Vpu and Nef but Synergizes with NKG2D Ligands to Trigger NK Cell Lysis of Autologous Primary HIV-Infected Cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:93-100. [PMID: 27296670 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of primary CD4+ T cells induces the CD155, but not the CD112 ligands for the natural killer (NK) cell activation receptor (aNKR) CD226 [DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1)]. We hypothesize that HIV productively infects activated CD4+ T cells and makes itself vulnerable to NK cell-mediated lysis when CD155 on infected T cells engages DNAM-1. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether CD155 alone or together with NKG2D ligands triggers autologous NK cell lysis of HIV-infected T cells and whether HIV modulates CD155. To determine whether HIV modulates this activation ligand, we infected "activated" CD4+ T cells with HIV in the absence or presence of Nef and/or Vpu and determined by flow cytometry whether they modulated CD155. To determine if CD155 alone, or together with NKG2D ligands, triggered NK cell lysis of autologous HIV-infected T cells, we treated purified NK cells with DNAM-1 and/or NKG2D blocking antibodies before the addition of purified autologous HIV-infected cells in cytolytic assays. Finally, we determined whether DNAM-1 works together with NKG2D as an NK cell coactivation receptor (caNKR) or whether they work independently as aNKRs to induce an NK cell lytic response. We demonstrate that HIV and specifically Nef and/or Vpu do not modulate CD155 on infected primary T cells; and both CD155 and NKG2D ligands synergize as aNKRs to trigger NK cell lysis of the infected cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Davis
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bharatwaj Sowrirajan
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew Cogswell
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffery P Ward
- 2 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vicente Planelles
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Edward Barker
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
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180
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Expression and function of NKp46 W32R: the human homologous protein of mouse NKp46 W32R (Noé). Sci Rep 2017; 7:40944. [PMID: 28134248 PMCID: PMC5278390 DOI: 10.1038/srep40944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells eradicate infected cells and tumors following the triggering of activating receptors, like the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors (NCRs), which include NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46. NKp46 is the only NCR expressed in mice (mNKp46), and except for some Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC) populations (ILC1/3 subsets), its expression is restricted to NK cells. Previously, a mouse named Noé was generated in which a random point mutation (W32R) impaired the cell surface expression of mNKp46. Interestingly, the Noé mice NK cells expressed twice as much of the transcription factor Helios, and displayed general non-NKp46 specific hyperactivity. We recently showed that the mNKp46 W32R (Noé) protein was expressed on the surface of various cells; albeit slowly and unstably, that it is aberrantly glycosylated and accumulates in the ER. Interestingly, the Tryptophan (Trp) residue in position 32 is conserved between humans and mice. Therefore, we studied here the human orthologue protein of mNKp46 W32R, the human NKp46 W32R. We demonstrated that NKp46 W32R is aberrantly glycosylated, accumulates in the ER, and is unstable on the cell surface. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of NKp46 W32R or Helios resulted in augmented NK cell activation, which may be applied to boost NK activity for therapeutic applications.
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181
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Li T, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z. Respiratory Influenza Virus Infection Induces Memory-like Liver NK Cells in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1242-1252. [PMID: 28031334 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although NK cells are classified as innate immune cells, recent studies have demonstrated the transformation of NK cells into long-lived memory cells that contribute to secondary immune responses in certain mouse models. However, whether NK cells mount an Ag-specific memory response to acute influenza virus infection has not yet been examined. Here, we show that, consistent with previous studies, lung NK cells play an important role in controlling viral proliferation after primary influenza virus infection. However, although lung NK cells display a memory phenotype at the late stage of infection, these cells do not protect mice against secondary influenza virus infection. Interestingly, liver NK cells from influenza virus-infected mice possess a memory phenotype and protect mice against secondary influenza virus infection. Memory-like liver NK cells display a CD49a+DX5- phenotype, and the adoptive transfer of purified liver CD49a+DX5- NK cells into naive mice followed by viral infection results in protective immunity and decreased viral titer. Moreover, we demonstrate that primary inactivated influenza virus induces memory NK cells residing in the liver of Rag1-/- mice. Collectively, these data suggest that liver CD49a+DX5- NK cells remember encountered Ag from influenza virus after primary infection and are more protective upon subsequent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and
| | - Jian Wang
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and
| | - Yanshi Wang
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and
| | - Yongyan Chen
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and
| | - Haiming Wei
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and
| | - Rui Sun
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; and .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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182
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de Vries RD, Nieuwkoop NJ, Pronk M, de Bruin E, Leroux-Roels G, Huijskens EGW, van Binnendijk RS, Krammer F, Koopmans MPG, Rimmelzwaan GF. Influenza virus-specific antibody dependent cellular cytoxicity induced by vaccination or natural infection. Vaccine 2016; 35:238-247. [PMID: 27914742 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality during seasonal epidemics. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent infection, however due to antigenic drift of the viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA), annual influenza virus vaccination is required. In addition to seasonal viruses, certain (avian) influenza A viruses of other subtypes, like H5N1 or H7N9, cause sporadic zoonotic infections. Therefore, the availability of game-changing novel vaccines that induce "universal" immune responses to a wide variety of influenza A virus subtypes is highly desirable. The quest for universal influenza vaccines has fueled the interest in broadly-reactive antibodies specific for the stalk of hemagglutinin (HA) and biological activities of antibodies other than direct virus neutralization, like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In the present study, we investigated the ADCC response upon influenza virus vaccination and infection in humans using a robust ADCC assay that is based on the use of recombinant HA and a continuous NK cell line that expresses FcγRIII (CD16). This assay offers advantages over existing methods, like ease to perform and possibilities to standardize. We showed that HA-specific ADCC mediating antibodies are induced by vaccination with adjuvanted trivalent seasonal and monovalent H1N1pdm09 inactivated vaccines, and by infection with H1N1pdm09 virus. In addition, the use of chimeric influenza HA with a H1 stem but antigenically irrelevant head domain derived from an avian virus allowed detection of H1-stalk-specific ADCC mediating antibodies. This assay will facilitate the assessment of ADCC mediating serum antibodies after (universal) influenza vaccination or infection and may define ADCC activity as a correlate of (cross-) protection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark Pronk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rob S van Binnendijk
- Centers for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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183
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Natural killer cells in inflammatory heart disease. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:26-33. [PMID: 27894980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite of a multitude of excellent studies, the regulatory role of natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiac disease is greatly underappreciated. Clinical abnormalities in the numbers and functions of NK cells are observed in myocarditis and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) as well as in cardiac transplant rejection [1-6]. Because treatment of these disorders remains largely symptomatic in nature, patients have little options for targeted therapies [7,8]. However, blockade of NK cells and their receptors can protect against inflammation and damage in animal models of cardiac injury and inflammation. In these models, NK cells suppress the maturation and trafficking of inflammatory cells, alter the local cytokine and chemokine environments, and induce apoptosis in nearby resident and hematopoietic cells [1,9,10]. This review will dissect each protective mechanism employed by NK cells and explore how their properties might be exploited for their therapeutic potential.
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184
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Schmidt S, Ullrich E, Bochennek K, Zimmermann SY, Lehrnbecher T. Role of natural killer cells in antibacterial immunity. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:1119-1127. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1254546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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185
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LRBA is Essential for Allogeneic Responses in Bone Marrow Transplantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36568. [PMID: 27824136 PMCID: PMC5099895 DOI: 10.1038/srep36568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PH-BEACH-WD40 (PBW) protein family members play a role in coordinating receptor signaling and intracellular vesicle trafficking. LPS-Responsive-Beige-like Anchor (LRBA) is a PBW protein whose immune function remains elusive. Here we show that LRBA-null mice are viable, but exhibit compromised rejection of allogeneic, xenogeneic and missing self bone-marrow grafts. Further, we demonstrate that LRBA-null Natural Killer (NK) cells exhibit impaired signaling by the key NK activating receptors, NKp46 and NKG2D. However, induction of IFN-γ by cytokines remains intact, indicating LRBA selectively facilitates signals by receptors for ligands expressed on the surface of NK targets. Surprisingly, LRBA limits immunoregulatory cell numbers in tissues where GvHD is primed or initiated, and consistent with this LRBA-null mice also demonstrate resistance to lethal GvHD. These findings demonstrate that LRBA is redundant for host longevity while being essential for both host and donor-mediated immune responses and thus represents a unique and novel molecular target in transplant immunology.
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186
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Jansen CA, van Haarlem DA, Sperling B, van Kooten PJ, de Vries E, Viertlboeck BC, Vervelde L, Göbel TW. Identification of an Activating Chicken Ig-like Receptor Recognizing Avian Influenza Viruses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4696-4703. [PMID: 27821665 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIRs) represent a multigene family encoded by the leukocyte receptor complex that encodes a variety of receptors that are subdivided into activating CHIR-A, inhibitory CHIR-B, and bifunctional CHIR-AB. Apart from CHIR-AB, which functions as an Fc receptor, CHIR ligands are unknown. In the current study, we used a panel of different BWZ.36 CHIR reporter cells to identify an interaction between specific CHIRs and avian influenza virus (AIV). The specificity of the CHIR-AIV interaction was further demonstrated using CHIR fusion proteins that bound to AIV-coated plates and were able to reduce the interaction of reporter cells with AIV. There was no difference in binding of CHIR to different AIV strains. Furthermore, CHIR fusion proteins reduced AIV-induced in vitro activation of NK cells obtained from lungs of AIV-infected animals, as judged by the lower frequency of CD107+ cells. Because the original CHIR reporter lines were generated based on sequence information about extracellular CHIR domains, we next identified a full-length CHIR that displayed similar binding to AIV. The sequence analysis identified this CHIR as a CHIR-A. Neuraminidase treatment of coated CHIR-human Ig proteins reduced binding of trimeric H5 proteins to CHIR. This suggests that the interaction is dependent on sialic acid moieties on the receptor. In conclusion, this article identifies AIV as a ligand of CHIR-A and describes the functional consequences of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Jansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Daphne A van Haarlem
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Beatrice Sperling
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J van Kooten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Erik de Vries
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Birgit C Viertlboeck
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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187
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Vidy A, Maisonnasse P, Da Costa B, Delmas B, Chevalier C, Le Goffic R. The Influenza Virus Protein PB1-F2 Increases Viral Pathogenesis through Neutrophil Recruitment and NK Cells Inhibition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165361. [PMID: 27798704 PMCID: PMC5087861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) PB1-F2 protein is a virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis observed during IAV infections in mammals. In this study, using a mouse model, we compared the host response associated with PB1-F2 with an early transcriptomic signature that was previously associated with neutrophils and consecutively fatal IAV infections. This allowed us to show that PB1-F2 is partly involved in neutrophil-related mechanisms leading to death. Using neutropenic mice, we confirmed that the harmful effect of PB1-F2 is due to an excessive inflammation mediated by an increased neutrophil mobilization. We identified the downstream effects of this PB1-F2-exacerbated neutrophil recruitment. PB1-F2 had no impact on the lymphocyte recruitment in the airways at day 8 pi. However, functional genomics analysis and flow cytometry in broncho-alveolar lavages at 4 days pi revealed that PB1-F2 induced a NK cells deficiency. Thus, our results identify PB1-F2 as an important immune disruptive factor during the IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Vidy
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Bruno Da Costa
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Ronan Le Goffic
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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188
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Bellinghausen C, Rohde GGU, Savelkoul PHM, Wouters EFM, Stassen FRM. Viral-bacterial interactions in the respiratory tract. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3089-3102. [PMID: 27902340 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the respiratory tract, viruses and bacteria can interact on multiple levels. It is well known that respiratory viruses, particularly influenza viruses, increase the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Numerous mechanisms, including compromised physical and immunological barriers, and changes in the microenvironment have hereby been shown to contribute to the development of secondary bacterial infections. In contrast, our understanding of how bacteria shape a response to subsequent viral infection is still limited. There is emerging evidence that persistent infection (or colonization) of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) with potential pathogenic bacteria, as observed in diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis, modulates subsequent viral infections by increasing viral entry receptors and modulating the inflammatory response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that even healthy lungs are not, as had long been assumed, sterile. The composition of the lung microbiome may thus modulate responses to viral infections. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the co-pathogenesis between viruses and bacteria in LRT infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bellinghausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot G U Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank R M Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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189
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Influenza and Memory T Cells: How to Awake the Force. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040033. [PMID: 27754364 PMCID: PMC5192353 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual influenza vaccination is an effective way to prevent human influenza. Current vaccines are mainly focused on eliciting a strain-matched humoral immune response, requiring yearly updates, and do not provide protection for all vaccinated individuals. The past few years, the importance of cellular immunity, and especially memory T cells, in long-lived protection against influenza virus has become clear. To overcome the shortcomings of current influenza vaccines, eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity is imperative. Today, several new vaccines such as infection-permissive and recombinant T cell inducing vaccines, are being developed and show promising results. These vaccines will allow us to stay several steps ahead of the constantly evolving influenza virus.
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190
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Cox F, Kwaks T, Brandenburg B, Koldijk MH, Klaren V, Smal B, Korse HJWM, Geelen E, Tettero L, Zuijdgeest D, Stoop EJM, Saeland E, Vogels R, Friesen RHE, Koudstaal W, Goudsmit J. HA Antibody-Mediated FcγRIIIa Activity Is Both Dependent on FcR Engagement and Interactions between HA and Sialic Acids. Front Immunol 2016; 7:399. [PMID: 27746785 PMCID: PMC5040702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions with receptors for the Fc region of IgG (FcγRs) have been shown to contribute to the in vivo protection against influenza A viruses provided by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that bind to the viral hemagglutinin (HA) stem. In particular, Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been shown to contribute to protection by stem-binding bnAbs. Fc-mediated effector functions appear not to contribute to protection provided by strain-specific HA head-binding antibodies. We used a panel of anti-stem and anti-head influenza A and B monoclonal antibodies with identical human IgG1 Fc domains and investigated their ability to mediate ADCC-associated FcγRIIIa activation. Antibodies which do not interfere with sialic acid binding of HA can mediate FcγRIIIa activation. However, the FcγRIIIa activation was inhibited when a mutant HA, unable to bind sialic acids, was used. Antibodies which block sialic acid receptor interactions of HA interfered with FcγRIIIa activation. The inhibition of FcγRIIIa activation by HA head-binding and sialic acid receptor-blocking antibodies was confirmed in plasma samples of H5N1 vaccinated human subjects. Together, these results suggest that in addition to Fc–FcγR binding, interactions between HA and sialic acids on immune cells are required for optimal Fc-mediated effector functions by anti-HA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Cox
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Ted Kwaks
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Boerries Brandenburg
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Martin H Koldijk
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Vincent Klaren
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Smal
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Hans J W M Korse
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Eric Geelen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Tettero
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - David Zuijdgeest
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Stoop
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Eirikur Saeland
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Ronald Vogels
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Robert H E Friesen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Wouter Koudstaal
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
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191
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Optimal activation of Fc-mediated effector functions by influenza virus hemagglutinin antibodies requires two points of contact. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5944-E5951. [PMID: 27647907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613225113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide protection independent of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) engagement. In contrast, optimal in vivo protection achieved by broadly reactive mAbs requires Fc-FcγR engagement. Most strain-specific mAbs target the head domain of the viral hemagglutinin (HA), whereas broadly reactive mAbs typically recognize epitopes within the HA stalk. This observation has led to questions regarding the mechanism regulating the activation of Fc-dependent effector functions by broadly reactive antibodies. To dissect the molecular mechanism responsible for this dichotomy, we inserted the FLAG epitope into discrete locations on HAs. By characterizing the interactions of several FLAG-tagged HAs with a FLAG-specific antibody, we show that in addition to Fc-FcγR engagement mediated by the FLAG-specific antibody, a second intermolecular bridge between the receptor-binding region of the HA and sialic acid on effector cells is required for optimal activation. Inhibition of this second molecular bridge, through the use of an F(ab')2 or the mutation of the sialic acid-binding site, renders the Fc-FcγR interaction unable to optimally activate effector cells. Our findings indicate that broadly reactive mAbs require two molecular contacts to possibly stabilize the immunologic synapse and potently induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated antiviral responses: (i) the interaction between the Fc of a mAb bound to HA with the FcγR of the effector cell and (ii) the interaction between the HA and its sialic acid receptor on the effector cell. This concept might be broadly applicable for protective antibody responses to viral pathogens that have suitable receptors on effector cells.
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192
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NCR1 is an activating receptor expressed on a subset of canine NK cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 177:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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193
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Mair KH, Stadler M, Talker SC, Forberg H, Storset AK, Müllebner A, Duvigneau JC, Hammer SE, Saalmüller A, Gerner W. Porcine CD3(+)NKp46(+) Lymphocytes Have NK-Cell Characteristics and Are Present in Increased Frequencies in the Lungs of Influenza-Infected Animals. Front Immunol 2016; 7:263. [PMID: 27471504 PMCID: PMC4943943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD3−NKp46+ phenotype is frequently used for the identification of natural killer (NK) cells in various mammalian species. Recently, NKp46 expression was analyzed in more detail in swine. It could be shown that besides CD3−NKp46+ lymphocytes, a small but distinct population of CD3+NKp46+ cells exists. In this study, we report low frequencies of CD3+NKp46+ lymphocytes in blood, lymph nodes, and spleen, but increased frequencies in non-lymphatic organs, like liver and lung. Phenotypic analyses showed that the majority of CD3+NKp46+ cells coexpressed the CD8αβ heterodimer, while a minor subset expressed the TCR-γδ, which was associated with a CD8αα+ phenotype. Despite these T-cell associated receptors, the majority of CD3+NKp46+ lymphocytes displayed a NK-related phenotype (CD2+CD5−CD6−CD16+perforin+) and expressed mRNA of NKp30, NKp44, and NKG2D at similar levels as NK cells. Functional tests showed that CD3+NKp46+ lymphocytes produced IFN-γ and proliferated upon cytokine stimulation to a similar extent as NK cells, but did not respond to the T-cell mitogen, ConA. Likewise, CD3+NKp46+ cells killed K562 cells with an efficiency comparable to NK cells. Cross-linking of NKp46 and CD3 led to degranulation of CD3+NKp46+ cells, indicating functional signaling pathways for both receptors. Additionally, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-infected pigs had reduced frequencies of CD3+NKp46+ lymphocytes in blood, but increased frequencies in the lung in the early phase of infection. Thus, CD3+NKp46+ cells appear to be involved in the early phase of influenza infections. In summary, we describe a lymphocyte population in swine with a mixed phenotype of NK and T cells, with results so far indicating that this cell population functionally resembles NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H Mair
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hilde Forberg
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute , Oslo , Norway
| | - Anne K Storset
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andrea Müllebner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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194
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Kadri N, Wagner AK, Ganesan S, Kärre K, Wickström S, Johansson MH, Höglund P. Dynamic Regulation of NK Cell Responsiveness. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 395:95-114. [PMID: 26658943 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells deliver cytotoxic granules and immunomodulatory cytokines in response to transformed and virally infected cells. NK cell functions are under the control of a large number of germline-encoded receptors that recognize various ligands on target cells, but NK cells also respond to cytokines in the surrounding environment. The interaction between NK cell receptors and their ligands delivers either inhibitory or activating signals. The cytokine milieu further shapes NK cell responses, either directly or by influencing the way inhibitory or activating signals are perceived by NK cells. In this review, we discuss how NK cell function is controlled by inhibitory receptors and MHC-I molecules, how activating receptors contribute to NK cell education, and finally, how cytokines secreted by the surrounding cells affect NK cell responsiveness. Inputs at these three levels involve different cell types and are seamlessly integrated to form a functional NK cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Kadri
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnika Kathleen Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sridharan Ganesan
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Wickström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria H Johansson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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195
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Pallmer K, Oxenius A. Recognition and Regulation of T Cells by NK Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 27446081 PMCID: PMC4919350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell responses by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is increasingly documented and studied. Direct or indirect crosstalk between ILCs and T cells early during and after T cell activation can affect their differentiation, polarization, and survival. Natural killer (NK) cells that belong to the ILC1 group were initially described for their function in recognizing and eliminating "altered self" and as source of early inflammatory cytokines, most notably type II interferon. Using signals conveyed by various germ-line encoded activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are geared to sense sudden cellular changes that can be caused by infection events, malignant transformation, or cellular stress responses. T cells, when activated by TCR engagement (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokines (signal 3), commit to a number of cellular alterations, including entry into rapid cell cycling, metabolic changes, and acquisition of effector functions. These abrupt changes may alert NK cells, and T cells might thereby expose themselves as NK cell targets. Here, we review how activated T cells can be recognized and regulated by NK cells and what consequences such regulation bears for T cell immunity in the context of vaccination, infection, or autoimmunity. Conversely, we will discuss mechanisms by which activated T cells protect themselves against NK cell attack and outline the significance of this safeguard mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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196
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Trowsdale J, Jones DC, Barrow AD, Traherne JA. Surveillance of cell and tissue perturbation by receptors in the LRC. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:117-36. [PMID: 26284474 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) encompasses several sets of genes with a common evolutionary origin and which form a branch of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Comparisons of LRC genes both within and between species calls for a high degree of plasticity. The drive for this unprecedented level of variation is not known, but it relates in part to interaction of several LRC products with polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. However, the range of other proposed ligands for LRC products indicates a dynamic set of receptors that have adapted to detect target molecules relating to numerous cellular pathways. Several receptors in the complex bind a molecular signature in collagenous ligands. Others detect a variety of motifs relating to pathogens in addition to cellular stress, attesting to the opportunistic versatility of LRC receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Des C Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander D Barrow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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197
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Nakaya HI, Hagan T, Duraisingham SS, Lee EK, Kwissa M, Rouphael N, Frasca D, Gersten M, Mehta AK, Gaujoux R, Li GM, Gupta S, Ahmed R, Mulligan MJ, Shen-Orr S, Blomberg BB, Subramaniam S, Pulendran B. Systems Analysis of Immunity to Influenza Vaccination across Multiple Years and in Diverse Populations Reveals Shared Molecular Signatures. Immunity 2016; 43:1186-98. [PMID: 26682988 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systems approaches have been used to describe molecular signatures driving immunity to influenza vaccination in humans. Whether such signatures are similar across multiple seasons and in diverse populations is unknown. We applied systems approaches to study immune responses in young, elderly, and diabetic subjects vaccinated with the seasonal influenza vaccine across five consecutive seasons. Signatures of innate immunity and plasmablasts correlated with and predicted influenza antibody titers at 1 month after vaccination with >80% accuracy across multiple seasons but were not associated with the longevity of the response. Baseline signatures of lymphocyte and monocyte inflammation were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with antibody responses at 1 month. Finally, integrative analysis of microRNAs and transcriptomic profiling revealed potential regulators of vaccine immunity. These results identify shared vaccine-induced signatures across multiple seasons and in diverse populations and might help guide the development of next-generation vaccines that provide persistent immunity against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder I Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo 05508, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Thomas Hagan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sai S Duraisingham
- Department of Immunology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7J, UK
| | - Eva K Lee
- Center for Operations Research in Medicine & Healthcare, School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marcin Kwissa
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Elis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of Emory University, 500 Irvin Court/Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Merril Gersten
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Renaud Gaujoux
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Gui-Mei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Hope Clinic of Emory University, 500 Irvin Court/Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
| | - Shai Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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198
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Ma Y, Li X, Kuang E. Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cell Activation. Viruses 2016; 8:95. [PMID: 27077876 PMCID: PMC4848590 DOI: 10.3390/v8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in antiviral innate defenses because of their abilities to kill infected cells and secrete regulatory cytokines. Additionally, NK cells exhibit adaptive memory-like antigen-specific responses, which represent a novel antiviral NK cell defense mechanism. Viruses have evolved various strategies to evade the recognition and destruction by NK cells through the downregulation of the NK cell activating receptors. Here, we review the recent findings on viral evasion of NK cells via the impairment of NK cell-activating receptors and ligands, which provide new insights on the relationship between NK cells and viral actions during persistent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ersheng Kuang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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199
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Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Impact of natural killer cells on chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:416-22. [PMID: 26574168 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent immunological progresses have revealed the molecular mechanisms of activation or inhibition of NK cells. In patients infected with HCV, the percentages of NK cells are decreased and the NK receptor expression and function of NK cells including cytotoxicity and cytokine production are altered. These alterations in NK cells are associated with persistent infection with HCV, liver injury, liver fibrosis and liver carcinogenesis. In HCV treatment, NK cells play a role in the eradication of HCV in both interferon (IFN)-based therapy and IFN-free therapy using direct-acting antivirals (DAA). In HCC patients, the exhaustion of NK cells that represents lower cytotoxicity and impaired cytokine production may contribute to the progression of HCC. Several immunotherapies targeting NK cells have been reported. NK cell transfer and NK-activating gene therapy have been demonstrated to be effective in mouse liver cancer models and several clinical trials are ongoing. Recently, the role of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA), a human ligand of NKG2D, has attracted attention in the development of HCC. The expression of MICA could be controlled by anti-HCC drugs including sorafenib. A new chemo-immunotherapy may be expected in the treatment of HCC. In this review, we summarize the impact of NK cells on chronic hepatitis C and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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200
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Ishikawa H, Ino S, Sasaki H, Fukui T, Kohda C, Tanaka K. The protective effects of intranasal administration of IL-12 given before influenza virus infection and the negative effects of IL-12 treatment given after viral infection. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1487-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Medical University; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Ino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Showa University School of Medicine; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiraku Sasaki
- Department of Health Science; School of Health and Sports Science; Juntendo University; Inzai Chiba Japan
| | - Toshie Fukui
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Medical University; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Chikara Kohda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Showa University School of Medicine; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Showa University School of Medicine; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
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