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Hartmann JA, Cardoso MR, Talarico MCR, Kenney DJ, Leone MR, Reese DC, Turcinovic J, O'Connell AK, Gertje HP, Marino C, Ojeda PE, De Paula EV, Orsi FA, Velloso LA, Cafiero TR, Connor JH, Ploss A, Hoelzemer A, Carrington M, Barczak AK, Crossland NA, Douam F, Boucau J, Garcia-Beltran WF. Evasion of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxic immunity by sarbecoviruses. Cell 2024; 187:2393-2410.e14. [PMID: 38653235 PMCID: PMC11088510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and other sarbecoviruses continue to threaten humanity, highlighting the need to characterize common mechanisms of viral immune evasion for pandemic preparedness. Cytotoxic lymphocytes are vital for antiviral immunity and express NKG2D, an activating receptor conserved among mammals that recognizes infection-induced stress ligands (e.g., MIC-A/B). We found that SARS-CoV-2 evades NKG2D recognition by surface downregulation of MIC-A/B via shedding, observed in human lung tissue and COVID-19 patient serum. Systematic testing of SARS-CoV-2 proteins revealed that ORF6, an accessory protein uniquely conserved among sarbecoviruses, was responsible for MIC-A/B downregulation via shedding. Further investigation demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells efficiently killed SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and limited viral spread. However, inhibition of MIC-A/B shedding with a monoclonal antibody, 7C6, further enhanced NK-cell activity toward SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Our findings unveil a strategy employed by SARS-CoV-2 to evade cytotoxic immunity, identify the culprit immunevasin shared among sarbecoviruses, and suggest a potential novel antiviral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Hartmann
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Devin J Kenney
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madison R Leone
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dagny C Reese
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K O'Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro E Ojeda
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erich V De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Orsi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas R Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John H Connor
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Angelique Hoelzemer
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Infection and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Taechasan N, Scherwitzl I, Supasa P, Dejnirattisai W, Sriruksa K, Limpitikul W, Malasit P, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, Duangchinda T. The alteration of NK cells phenotypes related to the functions and dengue disease outcomes. Virus Res 2024; 345:199382. [PMID: 38697295 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are the front line of immune cells to combat pathogens and able to influence the subsequent adaptive immune responses. One of the factors contributing to pathogenesis in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) disease is aberrant immune activation during early phase of infection. This study explored the profile of NK cells in dengue infected pediatric patients with different degrees of disease severity. DHF patients contained higher frequency of activated NK cells but lower ratio of CD56dim:CD56bright NK subsets. Activated NK cells exhibited alterations in several NK receptors. Interestingly, the frequencies of NKp30 expressing activated NK cells were more pronounced in dengue fever (DF) than in DHF pediatric patients. In vitro functional analysis indicated that degranulation of NK cells in responding to dengue infected dendritic cells (DCs) required cell-cell contact and type I IFNs. Meanwhile, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production initially required cell-cell contact and type I IFNs followed by Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) resulting in the amplification of IFN-γ producing NK cells over time. This study highlighted the complexity and the factors influencing NK cells responses to dengue virus. Degree of activation, phenotypes of activated cells and the crosstalk between NK cells and other immune cells, could modulate the outcome of NK cells function in the dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napas Taechasan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Research and Development, Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Iris Scherwitzl
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sriruksa
- Pediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Wannee Limpitikul
- Pediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla 90100, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 12120, Thailand.
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Aguilar OA, Fong LK, Lanier LL. ITAM-based receptors in natural killer cells. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:40-53. [PMID: 38411263 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The ability of cells of the immune system to acquire features such as increased longevity and enhanced secondary responses was long thought to be restricted to cells of the adaptive immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells have challenged this notion by demonstrating that they can also gain adaptive features. This has been observed in both humans and mice during infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The generation of adaptive NK cells requires antigen-specific recognition of virally infected cells through stimulatory NK receptors. These receptors lack the ability to signal on their own and rather rely on adaptor molecules that contain ITAMs for driving signals. Here, we highlight our understanding of how these receptors influence the production of adaptive NK cells and propose areas in the field that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lam-Kiu Fong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Piersma SJ. Tissue-specific features of innate lymphoid cells in antiviral defense. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01161-x. [PMID: 38684766 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes (ILCs) rapidly respond to and protect against invading pathogens and cancer. ILCs include natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and include type I, type II, and type III immune cells. While NK cells have been well recognized for their role in antiviral immunity, other ILC subtypes are emerging as players in antiviral defense. Each ILC subset has specialized functions that uniquely impact the antiviral immunity and health of the host depending on the tissue microenvironment. This review focuses on the specialized functions of each ILC subtype and their roles in antiviral immune responses across tissues. Several viruses within infection-prone tissues will be highlighted to provide an overview of the extent of the ILC immunity within tissues and emphasize common versus virus-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytse J Piersma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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5
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Vojdani A, Koksoy S, Vojdani E, Engelman M, Benzvi C, Lerner A. Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells: Complementary Partners against Microorganisms and Cancer. Microorganisms 2024; 12:230. [PMID: 38276215 PMCID: PMC10818828 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T (CD8+) cells are two of the most important types of immune cells in our body, protecting it from deadly invaders. While the NK cell is part of the innate immune system, the CD8+ cell is one of the major components of adaptive immunity. Still, these two very different types of cells share the most important function of destroying pathogen-infected and tumorous cells by releasing cytotoxic granules that promote proteolytic cleavage of harmful cells, leading to apoptosis. In this review, we look not only at NK and CD8+ T cells but also pay particular attention to their different subpopulations, the immune defenders that include the CD56+CD16dim, CD56dimCD16+, CD57+, and CD57+CD16+ NK cells, the NKT, CD57+CD8+, and KIR+CD8+ T cells, and ILCs. We examine all these cells in relation to their role in the protection of the body against different microorganisms and cancer, with an emphasis on their mechanisms and their clinical importance. Overall, close collaboration between NK cells and CD8+ T cells may play an important role in immune function and disease pathogenesis. The knowledge of how these immune cells interact in defending the body against pathogens and cancers may help us find ways to optimize their defensive and healing capabilities with methods that can be clinically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
| | - Sadi Koksoy
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA; (S.K.); (M.E.)
| | | | - Mark Engelman
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA; (S.K.); (M.E.)
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (C.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (C.B.); (A.L.)
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Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Yazdanparast S, Mikanik F, Izadpanah A, Parkhideh S, Shahbaz Ghasabeh A, Roshandel E, Hajifathali A, Gharehbaghian A. Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like NK Cells: Emerging strategy for AML immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115718. [PMID: 37857247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease developed from the malignant expansion of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The implementation of intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has improved outcomes associated with AML, but relapse, along with suboptimal outcomes, is still a common scenario. In the past few years, exploring new therapeutic strategies to optimize treatment outcomes has occurred rapidly. In this regard, natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has attracted clinical interest due to its critical role in immunosurveillance and their capabilities to target AML blasts. NK cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that mediate anti-viral and anti-tumor responses by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and directly inducing cytotoxicity. Although NK cells are well known as short-lived innate immune cells with non-specific responses that have limited their clinical applications, the discovery of cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells could overcome these challenges. NK cells pre-activated with the cytokine combination IL-12/15/18 achieved a long-term life span with adaptive immunity characteristics, termed CIML-NK cells. Previous studies documented that using CIML-NK cells in cancer treatment is safe and results in promising outcomes. This review highlights the current application, challenges, and opportunities of CIML-NK cell-based therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Parkhideh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Shahbaz Ghasabeh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Nersesian S, Carter EB, Lee SN, Westhaver LP, Boudreau JE. Killer instincts: natural killer cells as multifactorial cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269614. [PMID: 38090565 PMCID: PMC10715270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells integrate heterogeneous signals for activation and inhibition using germline-encoded receptors. These receptors are stochastically co-expressed, and their concurrent engagement and signaling can adjust the sensitivity of individual cells to putative targets. Against cancers, which mutate and evolve under therapeutic and immunologic pressure, the diversity for recognition provided by NK cells may be key to comprehensive cancer control. NK cells are already being trialled as adoptive cell therapy and targets for immunotherapeutic agents. However, strategies to leverage their naturally occurring diversity and agility have not yet been developed. In this review, we discuss the receptors and signaling pathways through which signals for activation or inhibition are generated in NK cells, focusing on their roles in cancer and potential as targets for immunotherapies. Finally, we consider the impacts of receptor co-expression and the potential to engage multiple pathways of NK cell reactivity to maximize the scope and strength of antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily B. Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stacey N. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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8
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Spruit CM, Sweet IR, Maliepaard JCL, Bestebroer T, Lexmond P, Qiu B, Damen MJA, Fouchier RAM, Reiding KR, Snijder J, Herfst S, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. Contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low threshold of suitable glycan receptors for efficient infection. Glycobiology 2023; 33:784-800. [PMID: 37471650 PMCID: PMC10629718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human H3N2 influenza A viruses have evolved to employ elongated glycans terminating in α2,6-linked sialic acid as their receptors. These glycans are displayed in low abundancies by (humanized) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, which are commonly employed to propagate influenza A virus, resulting in low or no viral propagation. Here, we examined whether the overexpression of the glycosyltransferases β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, which are responsible for the elongation of poly-N-acetyllactosamines (LacNAcs), would result in improved A/H3N2 propagation. Stable overexpression of β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells was achieved by lentiviral integration and subsequent antibiotic selection and confirmed by qPCR and protein mass spectrometry experiments. Flow cytometry and glycan mass spectrometry experiments using the β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and/or β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 knock-in cells demonstrated increased binding of viral hemagglutinins and the presence of a larger number of LacNAc repeating units, especially on "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase cells. An increase in the number of glycan receptors did, however, not result in a greater infection efficiency of recent human H3N2 viruses. Based on these results, we propose that H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low number of suitable glycan receptors to infect cells and that an increase in the glycan receptor display above this threshold does not result in improved infection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C L Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chen X, Tijono S, Tsai B, Chamley L, Ching LM, Chen Q. A pilot in vivo study: potential ovarian cancer therapeutic by placental extracellular vesicles. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230307. [PMID: 37503762 PMCID: PMC10442519 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological links between cancer and pregnancy are of interest due to parallel proliferative, immunosuppressive, and invasive mechanisms between tumour and placental cells. However, the proliferation and invasion of placental cells are strictly regulated. The understanding of this regulation is largely unknown. Placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in this regulation, as placental EVs are known to contribute to maternal adaptation, including adaptation of the vascular and immune systems. We have previously reported that placental EVs significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation by delaying the progression of the cell cycle. We, therefore, performed this pilot in vivo study to investigate whether placental EVs can also inhibit ovarian tumour growth in a SKOV-3 human tumour xenograft model. A single intraperitoneal injection of placental EVs at 15 days post tumour implantation, significantly inhibited the growth of the tumours in our in vivo model. Signs of cellular necrosis were observed in the ovarian tumour tissues, but not in other organs collected from mice that had been treated with placental EVs. Expression of receptor-interacting kinase 1 (RIPK1) and mixed linkage kinase domain-like (MLKL), which are mediators of necroptosis were not observed in our xenografted tumours. However, extensive infiltration of CD169+ macrophages and NK cells in ovarian tumour tissues collected from placental micro-EVs treated mice were observed. We demonstrate here that inhibition of ovarian tumour growth in our xenograft model by placental EVs involves cellular necrosis and infiltration of CD169+ macrophages and NK cells into the tumour tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sofian Tijono
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence William Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lai-Ming Ching
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Guilz NC, Ahn YO, Seo S, Mace EM. Unwinding the Role of the CMG Helicase in Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:847-861. [PMID: 36809597 PMCID: PMC10789183 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a collection of diseases resulting from genetic causes that impact the immune system through multiple mechanisms. Natural killer cell deficiency (NKD) is one such IEI where natural killer (NK) cells are the main immune lineage affected. Though rare, the deficiency of several genes has been described as underlying causes of NKD, including MCM4, GINS1, MCM10 , and GINS4 , all of which are involved in the eukaryotic CMG helicase. The CMG helicase is made up of C DC45 – M CM – G INS and accessory proteins including MCM10. The CMG helicase plays a critical role in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix and enabling access of polymerases to single-stranded DNA, and thus helicase proteins are active in any proliferating cell. Replication stress, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest are among the cellular phenotypes attributed to loss of function variants in CMG helicase proteins. Despite the ubiquitous function of the CMG helicase, NK cells have an apparent susceptibility to the deficiency of helicase proteins. This review will examine the role of the CMG helicase in inborn errors of immunity through the lens of NKD and further discuss why natural killer cells can be so strongly affected by helicase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Guilz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Seungmae Seo
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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11
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Qin Y, Wang Q, Shi J. Immune checkpoint modulating T cells and NK cells response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127393. [PMID: 37182283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many subversive mechanisms promote the occurrence and development of chronic infectious diseases and cancer, among which the down-regulated expression of immune-activating receptors and the enhanced expression of immune-inhibitory receptors accelerate the occurrence and progression of the disease. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of tumors in multiple organs. However, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on natural killer (NK) cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and its impact on NK cell effector functions have been poorly studied. In this review, we focus on what is currently known about the expression of various immune checkpoints in NK cells following Mtb infection and how it alters NK cell-mediated host cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Unraveling the function of NK cells after the infection of host cells by Mtb is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the innate immune mechanism of NK cells involved in tuberculosis and the evaluation of the efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat tuberculosis. In view of some similarities in the immune characteristics of T cells and NK cells, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between T cells and Mtb, which can help us to further understand and explore the specific interaction mechanism between NK cells and Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, China
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12
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Arulanandam A, Lin L, Chang HM, Cerutti M, Choblet S, Gao P, Rath A, Bensussan A, Kadouche J, Teper D, Mandelboim O, Li W. Derivation and Preclinical Characterization of CYT-303, a Novel NKp46-NK Cell Engager Targeting GPC3. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070996. [PMID: 37048069 PMCID: PMC10093649 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an oncofetal antigen that is highly expressed in multiple solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is barely expressed in adult normal tissues except the placenta. NKp46 activation receptor is expressed in all-natural killer (NK) cells, including tumor-infiltrating NK cells. FLEX-NKTM is a platform for the production of tetravalent multifunctional antibody NK cell engagers (NKE). CYT-303 was designed using the FLEX-NK scaffold, incorporating a novel humanized NKp46 binder that does not induce NKp46 internalization and a humanized GPC3 binder that targets the membrane-proximal lobe to mediate NK cell-redirected killing of HCC tumors. CYT-303 shows sub-nanomolar binding affinities to both GPC3 and NKp46. CYT-303 was highly potent and effective in mediating NK cell-redirected cytotoxicity against multiple HCC tumor cell lines and tumor spheroids. More interestingly, it can reverse the dysfunction induced in NK cells following repeated rounds of serial killing of tumors. It also mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against GPC3-expressing HCC tumors. In vivo, CYT-303 showed no toxicity or cytokine release in cynomolgus monkeys up to the highest dose (60 mg/kg), administered weekly by intravenous infusion for 28 days. These results demonstrate the potential of CYT-303 to be a safe and effective therapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Lin
- Cytovia Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | | | - Martine Cerutti
- Baculovirus and Therapy, UAR3426 Biocampus, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- Baculovirus and Therapy, UAR3426 Biocampus, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Peng Gao
- Cytovia Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Armin Rath
- Cytovia Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Armand Bensussan
- CLCC de Reims, U976 and Institut Godinot, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), 1 Rue Du General Koenig, 51726 Reims CEDEX, France
| | | | - Daniel Teper
- Cytovia Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei Li
- Cytovia Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
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13
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Gazeau S, Deng X, Ooi HK, Mostefai F, Hussin J, Heffernan J, Jenner AL, Craig M. The race to understand immunopathology in COVID-19: Perspectives on the impact of quantitative approaches to understand within-host interactions. Immunoinformatics (Amst) 2023; 9:100021. [PMID: 36643886 PMCID: PMC9826539 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuno.2023.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the need for the increased integration of modelling and data analysis to public health, experimental, and clinical studies. Throughout the first two years of the pandemic, there has been a concerted effort to improve our understanding of the within-host immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus to provide better predictions of COVID-19 severity, treatment and vaccine development questions, and insights into viral evolution and the impacts of variants on immunopathology. Here we provide perspectives on what has been accomplished using quantitative methods, including predictive modelling, population genetics, machine learning, and dimensionality reduction techniques, in the first 26 months of the COVID-19 pandemic approaches, and where we go from here to improve our responses to this and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gazeau
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hsu Kiang Ooi
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatima Mostefai
- Montréal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Hussin
- Montréal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jane Heffernan
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Disease Modelling (CDM), Mathematics Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adrianne L Jenner
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Australia
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
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14
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Morimoto T, Nakazawa T, Maeoka R, Nakagawa I, Tsujimura T, Matsuda R. Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032111. [PMID: 36768432 PMCID: PMC9916747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite multimodality treatment involving surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields, the median overall survival (OS) after diagnosis is approximately 2 years and the 5-year OS is poor. Considering the poor prognosis, novel treatment strategies are needed, such as immunotherapies, which include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. However, these therapies have not achieved satisfactory outcomes. One reason for this is that these therapies are mainly based on activating T cells and controlling GBM progression. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy involves the new feature of recognizing GBM via differing mechanisms from that of T cell-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focused on NK cell-based immunotherapy as a novel GBM treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Morimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara City Hospital, Nara 630-8305, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-744-22-3051 (T.M.); +81-745-84-9335 (T.N.)
| | - Tsutomu Nakazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Uda 633-2221, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-744-22-3051 (T.M.); +81-745-84-9335 (T.N.)
| | - Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujimura
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Uda 633-2221, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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15
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Hall SAL, Burns GS, Mooney BJ, Millen R, Morris R, Vogrin S, Sundararajan V, Ratnam D, Levy MT, Lubel JS, Nicoll AJ, Strasser SI, Sievert W, Desmond PV, Ngu MC, Angus P, Sinclair M, Meredith C, Matthews G, Revill PA, Jackson K, Littlejohn M, Bowden S, Locarnini SA, Thompson AJ, Visvanathan K. Hepatitis B Virus Flares After Nucleot(s)ide Analogue Cessation Are Associated With Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:123-132. [PMID: 36108079 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the patterns of peripheral Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling activity and the expression of TLRs and natural killer (NK) cell activation in a cohort of patients experiencing severe hepatitis flares after stopping nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) therapy. METHODS Samples were collected longitudinally from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were enrolled in a prospective study of NA discontinuation. Patients experiencing hepatitis flares were compared with patients with normal alanine aminotransferase. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with TLR ligands and cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant measured. Expression of TLR2/4, NKG2D, NKp46, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) on monocytes, NK, and NK-T cells was measured. RESULTS Seventeen patients with severe reactivation hepatitis flares were compared to 12 nonflare patients. Hepatitis flares were associated with increased activity of TLR2-8 and TLR9 signaling in PBMCs at the time of peak flare compared to baseline. Hepatitis flares were also associated with (1) upregulation of TLR2 and (2) TREM-1 receptor expression on NK. There were no differences at baseline between flare patients and nonflare patients. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis flares off NA therapy have a significant innate inflammatory response with upregulation of TLR signaling on peripheral monocytes and TLR2 and TREM-1 expression on NK cells. This implicates the innate immune system in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A L Hall
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth S Burns
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mooney
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosemary Millen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Morris
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dilip Ratnam
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Gastroenterology Department of Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- Gastroenterology Department of Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Desmond
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meng C Ngu
- Gastroenterology Department of Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gail Matthews
- Department of infectious Disease, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, SydneyAustralia
| | - Peter A Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathy Jackson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen A Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Thompson
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Gunasekaran M, Difiglia A, Fitzgerald J, Hariri R, van der Touw W, Mahlakõiv T. Human placental hematopoietic stem cell-derived natural killer cells (CYNK) recognize and eliminate influenza A virus-infected cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900624. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are a significant recurrent threat to public health and a significant burden on global economy, highlighting the need for developing more effective therapies. Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the control of pulmonary IAV infection, however, little is known about the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred NK cells for viral infections. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of CYNK, human placental hematopoietic stem cell-derived NK cells, against IAV infection in vitro. Virus infection induced the expression of NK cell activating ligands on respiratory epithelial cells, resulting in enhanced recognition by CYNK cells. Upon co-culture with IAV-infected epithelial cells, CYNK exhibited elevated degranulation and increased production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF in a virus dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CYNK showed virus dose-dependent cytotoxicity against IAV-infected cells. The antiviral activity of CYNK was mediated by NKp46 and NKG2D. Together, these data demonstrate that CYNK possesses potent antiviral function against IAV and warrant clinical investigations for adoptive NK cell therapies against viral infections.
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17
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Park SJ, Kwon S, Lee MS, Jang BH, Guzmán-Cedillo AE, Kang JH. Human Cell-Camouflaged Nanomagnetic Scavengers Restore Immune Homeostasis in a Rodent Model with Bacteremia. Small 2022; 18:e2203746. [PMID: 36070419 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstream infection caused by antimicrobial resistance pathogens is a global concern because it is difficult to treat with conventional therapy. Here, scavenger magnetic nanoparticles enveloped by nanovesicles derived from blood cells (MNVs) are reported, which magnetically eradicate an extreme range of pathogens in an extracorporeal circuit. It is quantitatively revealed that glycophorin A and complement receptor (CR) 1 on red blood cell (RBC)-MNVs predominantly capture human fecal bacteria, carbapenem-resistant (CR) Escherichia coli, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-positive (ESBL-positive) E. coli, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), endotoxins, and proinflammatory cytokines in human blood. Additionally, CR3 and CR1 on white blood cell-MNVs mainly contribute to depleting the virus envelope proteins of Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and their variants in human blood. Supplementing opsonins into the blood significantly augments the pathogen removal efficiency due to its combinatorial interactions between pathogens and CR1 and CR3 on MNVs. The extracorporeal blood cleansing enables full recovery of lethally infected rodent animals within 7 days by treating them twice in series. It is also validated that parameters reflecting immune homeostasis, such as blood cell counts, cytokine levels, and transcriptomics changes, are restored in blood of the fatally infected rats after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hwan Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Axel E Guzmán-Cedillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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18
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Sabag B, Levy M, Kivelevitz J, Dashevsky N, Ben-Shmuel A, Puthenveetil A, Awwad F, Barda-Saad M. Actin Retrograde Flow Regulated by the Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein Drives the Natural Killer Cell Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153756. [PMID: 35954420 PMCID: PMC9367451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the crosstalk between natural killer (NK) cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) has enhanced the potential of exploiting the interplay between activation and inhibition of NK cells for immunotherapy. This interaction is crucial for understanding how tumor cells escape NK cell immune surveillance. NK cell dysfunction is regulated by two molecular mechanisms, downregulated activating receptor ligand expression on the tumor cells, and upregulated inhibitory signals delivered to NK cells. Recent studies demonstrated the role of mechanotransduction in modulating NK cell responses in the TME. The immunological synapse represents a functional interface between the NK cell and its target, regulated by Actin Retrograde Flow (ARF), which drives the adhesion molecules and receptors toward the central zone of the immunological synapse (IS). Here, we further characterize the role of ARF in controlling the immune response of NK cells, using CRISPR/cas9-mediated Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) gene silencing of NK cells. We demonstrate that WASp regulates ARF velocity, affecting the conformation and function of the key NK inhibitory regulator, SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), and consequently, the NK cell response. Our results demonstrate the potential of modulating the biophysical and intracellular regulation of NK activation as a promising approach for improving immunotherapy.
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19
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Wang L, Cao Z, Wang Z, Guo J, Wen J. Reactive oxygen species associated immunoregulation post influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927593. [PMID: 35967412 PMCID: PMC9373727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for cell proliferation, signaling transduction, and apoptosis due to their highly reactive character. ROS are generated through multiple metabolic pathways under a fine-tuned control between oxidant and antioxidant signaling. A growing number of evidence has proved their highly relevant role in modulating inflammation during influenza virus infection. As a network of biological process for protecting organism from invasion of pathogens, immune system can react and fight back through either innate immune system or adaptive immune system, or both. Herein, we provide a review about the mechanisms of ROS generation when encounter influenza virus infection, and how the imbalanced level of ROS influences the replication of virus. We also summarize the pathways used by both the innate and adaptive immune system to sense and attack the invaded virus and abnormal levels of ROS. We further review the limitation of current strategies and discuss the direction of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jing Wen,
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20
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Wang GQ, Gu Y, Wang C, Wang F, Hsu ACY. A Game of Infection - Song of Respiratory Viruses and Interferons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:937460. [PMID: 35846766 PMCID: PMC9277140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.937460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity has experienced four major pandemics since the twentieth century, with the 1918 Spanish flu, the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2009 swine flu, and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemics having the most important impact in human health. The 1918 Spanish flu caused unprecedented catastrophes in the recorded human history, with an estimated death toll between 50 – 100 million. While the 2002 SARS and 2009 swine flu pandemics caused approximately 780 and 280,000 deaths, respectively, the current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in > 6 million deaths globally at the time of writing. COVID-19, instigated by the SARS – coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes unprecedented challenges in all facets of our lives, and never before brought scientists of all fields together to focus on this singular topic. While for the past 50 years research have been heavily focused on viruses themselves, we now understand that the host immune responses are just as important in determining the pathogenesis and outcomes of infection. Research in innate immune mechanisms is crucial in understanding all aspects of host antiviral programmes and the mechanisms underpinning virus-host interactions, which can be translated to the development of effective therapeutic avenues. This review summarizes what is known and what remains to be explored in the innate immune responses to influenza viruses and SARS-CoVs, and virus-host interactions in driving disease pathogenesis. This hopefully will encourage discussions and research on the unanswered questions, new paradigms, and antiviral strategies against these emerging infectious pathogens before the next pandemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinuo Gu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke - National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Viruses, Infections/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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21
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Franklin M, Connolly E, Hussell T. Recruited and Tissue-Resident Natural Killer Cells in the Lung During Infection and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887503. [PMID: 35844626 PMCID: PMC9284027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune system, and have a key role in host defense against infection and in tumor surveillance. Tumors and viruses employ remarkably similar strategies to avoid recognition and killing by NK cells and so much can be learnt by comparing NK cells in these disparate diseases. The lung is a unique tissue environment and immune cells in this organ, including NK cells, exist in a hypofunctional state to prevent activation against innocuous stimuli. Upon infection, rapid NK cell infiltration into the lung occurs, the amplitude of which is determined by the extent of inflammation and damage. Activated NK cells kill infected cells and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit cells of the adaptive immune system. More recent evidence has shown that NK cells also play an additional role in resolution of inflammation. In lung cancer however, NK cell recruitment is impaired and those that are present have reduced functionality. The majority of lung NK cells are circulatory, however recently a small population of tissue-resident lung NK cells has been described. The specific role of this subset is yet to be determined, but they show similarity to resident memory T cell subsets. Whether resident or recruited, NK cells are important in the control of pulmonary infections, but equally, can drive excessive inflammation if not regulated. In this review we discuss how NK cells are recruited, controlled and retained in the specific environment of the lung in health and disease. Understanding these mechanisms in the context of infection may provide opportunities to promote NK cell recruitment and function in the lung tumor setting.
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22
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Downey J, Randolph HE, Pernet E, Tran KA, Khader SA, King IL, Barreiro LB, Divangahi M. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D promotes disease tolerance by licensing NK cell development and IL-22 production against influenza virus. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110974. [PMID: 35732121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Severity of pulmonary viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV), is linked to excessive immunopathology, which impairs lung function. Thus, the same immune responses that limit viral replication can concomitantly cause lung damage that must be countered by largely uncharacterized disease tolerance mechanisms. Here, we show that mitochondrial cyclophilin D (CypD) protects against IAV via disease tolerance. CypD-/- mice are significantly more susceptible to IAV infection despite comparable antiviral immunity. This susceptibility results from damage to the lung epithelial barrier caused by a reduction in interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing natural killer (NK) cells. Transcriptomic and functional data reveal that CypD-/- NK cells are immature and have altered cellular metabolism and impaired IL-22 production, correlating with dysregulated bone marrow lymphopoiesis. Administration of recombinant IL-22 or transfer of wild-type (WT) NK cells abrogates pulmonary damage and protects CypD-/- mice after IAV infection. Collectively, these results demonstrate a key role for CypD in NK cell-mediated disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Haley E Randolph
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kim A Tran
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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23
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Tomaz D, Pereira PM, Guerra N, Dyson J, Gould K, Henriques R. Nanoscale Colocalization of NK Cell Activating and Inhibitory Receptors Controls Signal Integration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868496. [PMID: 35720315 PMCID: PMC9198454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell responses depend on the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors. However, how the integration of antagonistic signals occurs upon NK cell-target cell interaction is not fully understood. Here we provide evidence that NK cell inhibition via the inhibitory receptor Ly49A is dependent on its relative colocalization at the nanometer scale with the activating receptor NKG2D upon immune synapse (IS) formation. NKG2D and Ly49A signal integration and colocalization were studied using NKG2D-GFP and Ly49A-RFP-expressing primary NK cells, forming ISs with NIH3T3 target cells, with or without the expression of single-chain trimer (SCT) H2-Dd and an extended form of SCT H2-Dd-CD4 MHC-I molecules. Nanoscale colocalization was assessed by Förster resonance energy transfer between NKG2D-GFP and Ly49A-RFP and measured for each synapse. In the presence of their respective cognate ligands, NKG2D and Ly49A colocalize at the nanometer scale, leading to NK cell inhibition. However, increasing the size of the Ly49A ligand reduced the nanoscale colocalization with NKG2D, consequently impairing Ly49A-mediated inhibition. Thus, our data shows that NK cell signal integration is critically dependent on the dimensions of NK cell ligand-receptor pairs by affecting their relative nanometer-scale colocalization at the IS. Our results together suggest that the balance of NK cell signals and NK cell responses is determined by the relative nanoscale colocalization of activating and inhibitory receptors in the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tomaz
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Matos Pereira
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Dyson
- Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Gould
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Optical Cell Biology Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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24
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Abstract
As a promising alternative platform for cellular immunotherapy, natural killer cells (NK) have recently gained attention as an important type of innate immune regulatory cell. NK cells can rapidly kill multiple adjacent cancer cells through non-MHC-restrictive effects. Although tumors may develop multiple resistance mechanisms to endogenous NK cell attack, in vitro activation, expansion, and genetic modification of NK cells can greatly enhance their anti-tumor activity and give them the ability to overcome drug resistance. Some of these approaches have been translated into clinical applications, and clinical trials of NK cell infusion in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors have thus far yielded many encouraging clinical results. CAR-T cells have exhibited great success in treating hematological malignancies, but their drawbacks include high manufacturing costs and potentially fatal toxicity, such as cytokine release syndrome. To overcome these issues, CAR-NK cells were generated through genetic engineering and demonstrated significant clinical responses and lower adverse effects compared with CAR-T cell therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in NK cell immunotherapy, focusing on NK cell biology and function, the types of NK cell therapy, and clinical trials and future perspectives on NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Fengcai Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Meimei Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Bian Shi
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
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25
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Charpak-Amikam Y, Lapidus T, Isaacson B, Duev-Cohen A, Levinson T, Elbaz A, Levi-Schaffer F, Osherov N, Bachrach G, Hoyer LL, Korem M, Ben-Ami R, Mandelboim O. Candida albicans evades NK cell elimination via binding of Agglutinin-Like Sequence proteins to the checkpoint receptor TIGIT. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2463. [PMID: 35513379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen and a prevalent cause of deadly bloodstream infections. Better understanding of the immune response against it, and the ways by which it evades immunity, are crucial for developing new therapeutics against it. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes best known for their role against viruses and tumors. In recent years it became clear that NK cells also play an important role in anti-fungal immunity. Here we show that while NK cells recognize and eliminate C. albicans, the fungal cells inhibit NK cells by manipulating the immune checkpoint receptor TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) in both humans and mice. We identify the responsible fungal ligands as members of the Als (Agglutinin-Like Sequences) protein family. Furthermore, we show that blocking this interaction using immunotherapy with a TIGIT-blocking antibody can re-establish anti-Candida immunity and serve as a potential therapeutic tool. Natural killer cells have emerged as critical immune cells in the response to fungal infection. Here the authors identify how Candida albicans evades the natural killer cell response via expression of ligands that directly modify the natural killer cell response and can be therapeutically targeted to restore the anti-Candida immunity.
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26
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Iraqi M, Edri A, Greenshpan Y, Goldstein O, Ofir N, Bolel P, Abu Ahmad M, Zektser M, Campbell KS, Rouvio O, Gazit R, Porgador A. Blocking the PCNA/NKp44 Checkpoint to Stimulate NK Cell Responses to Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094717. [PMID: 35563109 PMCID: PMC9105815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Membrane-associated PCNA is expressed on the surface of human MM cell lines and primary MM cells. Mab 14-25-9 interacts with membrane-associated PCNA and blocks its binding to NK-expressed NKp44, thus activating NK function. We showed that mAb 14-25-9 can serve as an immune checkpoint blocker, enhancing the function of NK cells on target human MM cell lines and primary cells. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a devastating malignancy that evades immune destruction using multiple mechanisms. The NKp44 receptor interacts with PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) and may inhibit NK cells’ functions. Here we studied in vitro the expression and function of PCNA on MM cells. First, we show that PCNA is present on the cell membrane of five out of six MM cell lines, using novel anti-PCNA mAb developed to recognize membrane-associated PCNA. Next, we stained primary bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells from MM patients and showed significant staining of membrane-associated PCNA in the fraction of CD38+CD138+ BM cells that contain the MM cells. Importantly, blocking of the membrane PCNA on MM cells enhanced the activity of NK cells, including IFN-γ-secretion and degranulation. Our results highlight the possible blocking of the NKp44-PCNA immune checkpoint by the mAb 14-25-9 antibody to enhance NK cell responses against MM, providing a novel treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Iraqi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Avishay Edri
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Yariv Greenshpan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Oron Goldstein
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Noa Ofir
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Priyanka Bolel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Muhammad Abu Ahmad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Miri Zektser
- Internal Medicine A and Multiple Myeloma Clinic, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8489501, Israel; (M.Z.); (O.R.)
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Research Institute at Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| | - Ory Rouvio
- Internal Medicine A and Multiple Myeloma Clinic, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8489501, Israel; (M.Z.); (O.R.)
| | - Roi Gazit
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.I.); (A.E.); (Y.G.); (O.G.); (N.O.); (P.B.); (M.A.A.); (R.G.)
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6477283 or +972-8-6477276 (ext. 282 or 280); Fax: +972-8-647762
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27
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Gleason J, Zhao Y, Raitman I, Kang L, He S, Hariri R. Human placental hematopoietic stem cell derived natural killer cells (CYNK-001) mediate protection against influenza a viral infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2055945. [PMID: 35404743 PMCID: PMC9255201 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2055945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are associated with a high healthcare burden around the world and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapies. Natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to play a pivotal role in reducing IAV-induced pulmonary infections in preclinical models; however, little is known about the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred NK cells for IAV infections. Here, we investigated the effects of CYNK-001, human placental hematopoietic stem cell derived NK cells that exhibited strong cytolytic activity against a range of malignant cells and expressed high levels of activating receptors, against IAV infections. In a severe IAV-induced acute lung injury model, mice treated with CYNK-001 showed a milder body weight loss and clinical symptoms, which led to a delayed onset of mortality, thus demonstrating their antiviral protection in vivo. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed that CYNK-001 reduced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines highlighting CYNK-001’s anti-inflammatory actions in viral induced-lung injury. Furthermore, CYNK-001-treated mice had altered immune responses to IAV with reduced number of neutrophils in BALF yet increased number of CD8+ T cells in the BALF and lung compared to vehicle-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that CYNK-001 displays protective functions against IAV via its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities, which leads to alleviation of disease burden and progression in a severe IAV-infected mice model. The potential of adoptive NK therapy for IAV infections warrants clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lin Kang
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Shuyang He
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, NJ, USA
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28
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Murphy JM, Ngai L, Mortha A, Crome SQ. Tissue-Dependent Adaptations and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836999. [PMID: 35359972 PMCID: PMC8960279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells reside in distinct niches across organs, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis and rapidly respond to perturbations in the local microenvironment. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells that regulate immune and tissue homeostasis. Across anatomical locations throughout the body, ILCs adopt tissue-specific fates, differing from circulating ILC populations. Adaptations of ILCs to microenvironmental changes have been documented in several inflammatory contexts, including obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. While our understanding of ILC functions within tissues have predominantly been based on mouse studies, development of advanced single cell platforms to study tissue-resident ILCs in humans and emerging patient-based data is providing new insights into this lymphocyte family. Within this review, we discuss current concepts of ILC fate and function, exploring tissue-specific functions of ILCs and their contribution to health and disease across organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Brownlie D, Rødahl I, Varnaite R, Asgeirsson H, Glans H, Falck-Jones S, Vangeti S, Buggert M, Ljunggren HG, Michaëlsson J, Gredmark-Russ S, Smed-Sörensen A, Marquardt N. Comparison of Lung-Homing Receptor Expression and Activation Profiles on NK Cell and T Cell Subsets in COVID-19 and Influenza. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834862. [PMID: 35371005 PMCID: PMC8966396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses commonly induce a strong infiltration of immune cells into the human lung, with potential detrimental effects on the integrity of the lung tissue. Despite comprising the largest fractions of circulating lymphocytes in the lung, rather little is known about how peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell and T cell subsets are equipped for lung-homing in COVID-19 and influenza. Here, we provide a detailed comparative analysis of NK cells and T cells in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza virus, focusing on the protein and gene expression of chemokine receptors known to be involved in recruitment to the lung. For this, we used 28-colour flow cytometry as well as re-analysis of a publicly available single-cell RNA-seq dataset from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Frequencies of NK cells and T cells expressing CXCR3, CXCR6, and CCR5 were altered in peripheral blood of COVID-19 and influenza patients, in line with increased transcript expression of CXCR3, CXCR6, and CCR5 and their respective ligands in BAL fluid. NK cells and T cells expressing lung-homing receptors displayed stronger phenotypic signs of activation compared to cells lacking lung-homing receptors, and activation was overall stronger in influenza compared to COVID-19. Together, our results indicate a role for CXCR3+, CXCR6+, and/or CCR5+ NK cells and T cells that potentially migrate to the lungs in moderate COVID-19 and influenza patients, identifying common targets for future therapeutic interventions in respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Brownlie
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inga Rødahl
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renata Varnaite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hilmir Asgeirsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Glans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mair KH, Stadler M, Razavi MA, Saalmüller A, Gerner W. Porcine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are Unique in Their Expression of a Functional NKp46 Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822258. [PMID: 35371050 PMCID: PMC8970115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activating receptor NKp46 shows a unique expression pattern on porcine leukocytes. We showed already that in swine not all NK cells express NKp46 and that CD3+NKp46+ lymphocytes form a T-cell subset with unique functional properties. Here we demonstrate the expression of NKp46 on CD4highCD14-CD172a+ porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Multicolor flow cytometry analyses revealed that the vast majority of porcine pDCs (94.2% ± 4) express NKp46 ex vivo and have an increased expression on the single-cell level compared to NK cells. FSC/SSChighCD4highNKp46+ cells produced high levels of IFN-α after CpG ODN 2216 stimulation, a hallmark of pDC function. Following receptor triggering with plate-bound monoclonal antibodies against NKp46, phosphorylation of signaling molecules downstream of NKp46 was analyzed in pDCs and NK cells. Comparable to NK cells, NKp46 triggering led to an upregulation of the phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6) in pDCs, indicating an active signaling pathway of NKp46 in porcine pDCs. Nevertheless, a defined effector function of the NK-associated receptor on porcine pDCs could not be demonstrated yet. NKp46-mediated cytotoxicity, as shown for NK cells, does not seem to occur, as NKp46+ pDCs did not express perforin. Yet, NKp46 triggering seems to contribute to cytokine production in porcine pDCs, as induction of TNF-α was observed in a small pDC subset after NKp46 cross-linking. To our knowledge, this is the first report on NKp46 expression on pDCs in a mammalian species, showing that this receptor contributes to pDC activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H. Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Kerstin H. Mair,
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahsa Adib Razavi
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sriwilaijaroen N, Suzuki Y. Roles of Glycans and Non-glycans on the Epithelium and in the Immune System in H1-H18 Influenza A Virus Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2556:205-242. [PMID: 36175637 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2635-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The large variation of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in various susceptible hosts and their rapid evolution, which allows host/tissue switching, host immune escape, vaccine escape, and drug resistance, are difficult challenges for influenza control in all countries worldwide. Access and binding of the IAV to actual receptors at endocytic sites is critical for the establishment of influenza infection. In this chapter, the progress in identification of and roles of glycans and non-glycans on the epithelium and in the immune system in H1-H18 IAV infections are reviewed. The first part of the review is on current knowledge of H1-H16 IAV receptors on the epithelium including sialyl glycans, other negatively charged glycans, and annexins. The second part of the review focuses on H1-H16 IAV receptors in the immune system including acidic surfactant phospholipids, Sia on surfactant proteins, the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of surfactant proteins, Sia on mucins, Sia and C-type lectins on macrophages and dendritic cells, and Sia on NK cells. The third part of the review is about a possible H17-H18 IAV receptor. Binding of these receptors to IAVs may result in inhibition or enhancement of IAV infection depending on their location, host cell type, and IAV strain. Among these receptors, host sialyl glycans are key determinants of viral hemagglutinin (HA) lectins for H1-H16 infections. HA must acquire mutations to bind to sialyl glycans that are dominant on a new target tissue when switching to a new host for efficient transmission and to bind to long sialyl glycans found in the case of seasonal HAs with multiple glycosylation sites as a consequence of immune evasion. Although sialyl receptors/C-type lectins on immune cells are decoy receptors/pathogen recognition receptors for capturing viral HA lectin/glycans protecting HA antigenic sites, some IAV strains do not escape, such as by release with neuraminidase, but hijack these molecules to gain entry and replication in immune cells. An understanding of the virus-host battle tactics at the receptor level might lead to the establishment of novel strategies for effective control of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Pan Z, Zhao R, Shen Y, Liu K, Xue W, Liang C, Peng M, Hu P, Chen M, Xu H. Low-frequency, exhausted immune status of CD56 dim NK cells and disordered inflammatory cytokine secretion of CD56 bright NK cells associated with progression of severe HFMD, especially in EV71-infected patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108369. [PMID: 34844872 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of CD56bright and CD56dim natural killer (NK) subsets in the viral clearance and inflammatory processes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remain undefined. METHODS A total of 39 HCs and 55 patients were enrolled to analyze peripheral CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells according to cell number, surface receptors, cytotoxic activities, and cytokine production. The plasma concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α,and MCP-1 were detected using ELSA. RESULTS Peripheral blood NK cells was significantly lower in severe patients than in HCs due to the dramatic loss of CD56dim NK cells with no changes in the cell count of CD56bright NK cells. For mild patients, decreased NKp46 expression coincided with enhanced cytolysis (CD107a, GNLY, and GrB) in CD56dim NK cells and decreased NKG2A expression with enhanced IL-10 production in CD56bright NK cells. In contrast, severe patients showed the dominant expression of NKG2A and decreased expression of NKG2D accompanied by cytotoxic dysfunction in CD56dim NK cells. Imbalanced receptor expression coincided with the increased concentrations of TNF-α in CD56bright NK cells. Moreover, EV71+ patients showed significantly decreased counts of CD56dim NK cells with cytolysis dysfunction, displayed cytokine hypersecretion in CD56bright NK cells, while the EV71- patients displayed significantly higher plasma cytokine concentrations. The changes in the immune function of NK subsets and their subpopulations were closely related to clinical inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS Low-frequency, exhausted immune status of CD56dim NK cells and disordered inflammatory cytokine secretion of CD56bright NK cells were associated with the progression of severe HFMD, especially in EV71-infected patients. This promoted the severity of inflammatory disorders, leading to enhanced disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Pan
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Developmental and Diseases, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, 400014 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ruiqiu Zhao
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Developmental and Diseases, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, 400014 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanxi Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chengfei Liang
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Developmental and Diseases, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, 400014 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Developmental and Diseases, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan Road, Yuzhong District, 400014 Chongqing, PR China.
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Kim H, Byun JE, Yoon SR, Koohy H, Jung H, Choi I. SARS-CoV-2 peptides bind to NKG2D and increase NK cell activity. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104454. [PMID: 34773897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation is commonly
observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces severe lung
inflammation and innate immune cell dysregulation. However, the precise
interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the innate immune system is currently
unknown. To understand the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and natural
killer (NK) cells, several SARS-CoV-2 S protein peptides capable of
binding to the NKG2D receptor were screened by in
silico analysis. Among them, two peptides, cov1 and cov2,
bound to NK cells and NKG2D receptors. These cov peptides increased NK
cytotoxicity toward lung cancer cells, stimulated interferon gamma
(IFN-γ) production by NK cells, and likely mediated these responses
through the phosphorylation of Vav1, a key downstream-signaling molecule
of NKG2D and NK activation genes. The direct interaction between
SARS-CoV-2 and NK cells is a novel finding, and modulation of this
interaction has potential clinical application as a therapeutic target
for COVID-19.
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Rizzo S, Schiuma G, Beltrami S, Gentili V, Rizzo R, Bortolotti D. Role of KIR Receptor in NK Regulation during Viral Infections. Immuno 2021; 1:305-31. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are key effectors of the innate immune system which represent the first line of defense against viral infections. NK cell activation depends on the engagement of a complex receptor repertoire expressed on their surface, consisting of both activating and inhibitory receptors. Among the known NK cell receptors, the family of killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) consists in activating/inhibitory receptors that interact with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules expressed on target cells. In particular, the expression of peculiar KIRs have been reported to be associated to viral infection susceptibility. Interestingly, a significant association between the development and onset of different human pathologies, such as tumors, neurodegeneration and infertility, and a clonal KIRs expression on NK cells has been described in presence of viral infections, supporting the crucial role of KIRs in defining the effect of viral infections in different tissues and organs. This review aims to report the state of art about the role of KIRs receptors in NK cell activation and viral infection control.
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Mai C, Fukui A, Takeyama R, Yamamoto M, Saeki S, Yamaya A, Kato T, Ukita Y, Wakimoto Y, Shibahara H. NK cells that differ in expression of NKp46 might play different roles in endometrium. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 147:103367. [PMID: 34464905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NKp46 is a natural cytotoxicity receptor expressed by NK cells and its expression is decreased in reproductive failure patients. NKp46 can be subdivided into NKp46dim and NKp46bright according to different fluorescence staining intensities. We investigated the role of the NKp46 receptor in determining the reproductive outcomes. Uterine endometrium was collected from 34 women with reproductive failure and divided into the pregnant and failed groups based on the results of a pregnancy reaction test during a 1-year follow-up period. NKp46 receptor and other activating or inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells as well as intracellular cytokine production by NK cells were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. In the failed group, the percentage of NKp46dim NK cells (P < 0.05) was significantly higher and percentages of NKp46bright NK cells (P < 0.01) and CD16-/CD56bright NK cells (P < 0.05) were significantly lower than those in the pregnant group. NKp46dim NK cells were significantly and positively correlated with CD16+/NKp46dim NK cells; NKp46bright NK cells were significantly and positively correlated with CD16-/NKp46bright NK cells. CD16+/NKp46dim NK cells were significantly and positively correlated with IFN-γ- and/or TNF-α-producing NK cells; CD16-/NKp46bright NK cells were significantly and positively correlated with TGF-β1-producing NK cells. We suggest that the NKp46 receptor plays different roles in reproduction based on the different fluorescence intensities associated with NK cells, i.e. NKp46dim NK cells are involved in killing cells, whereas NKp46bright NK cells are involved in cytokine production, indicating that NKp46 could be a predictive marker to see a tolerate condition for embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxian Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryu Takeyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Mayu Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Saeki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Ayano Yamaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Toru Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ukita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Yu Wakimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Shibahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Shmeleva EV, Colucci F. Maternal natural killer cells at the intersection between reproduction and mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:991-1005. [PMID: 33903735 PMCID: PMC8071844 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many maternal immune cells populate the decidua, which is the mucosal lining of the uterus transformed during pregnancy. Here, abundant natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages help the uterine vasculature adapt to fetal demands for gas and nutrients, thereby supporting fetal growth. Fetal trophoblast cells budding off the forming placenta and invading deep into maternal tissues come into contact with these and other immune cells. Besides their homeostatic functions, decidual NK cells can respond to pathogens during infection, but in doing so, they may become conflicted between destroying the invader and sustaining fetoplacental growth. We review how maternal NK cells balance their double duty both in the local microenvironment of the uterus and systemically, during toxoplasmosis, influenza, cytomegalovirus, malaria and other infections that threat pregnancy. We also discuss recent developments in the understanding of NK-cell responses to SARS-Cov-2 infection and the possible dangers of COVID-19 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Shmeleva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Jarahian M, Marstaller K, Banna N, Ahani R, Etemadzadeh MH, Boller LK, Azadmanesh K, Cid-Arregui A, Khezri A, Berger MR, Momburg F, Watzl C. Activating Natural Killer Cell Receptors, Selectins, and Inhibitory Siglecs Recognize Ebolavirus Glycoprotein. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:135-147. [PMID: 34425576 DOI: 10.1159/000517628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the extensively glycosylated Ebolavirus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) induces physical alterations of surface molecules and plays a crucial role in viral pathogenicity. Here we investigate the interactions of EBOV-GP with host surface molecules using purified EBOV-GP, EBOV-GP-transfected cell lines, and EBOV-GP-pseudotyped lentiviral particles. Subsequently, we wanted to examine which receptors are involved in this recognition by binding studies to cells transfected with the EBOV-GP as well as to recombinant soluble EBOV-GP. As the viral components can also bind to inhibitory receptors of immune cells (e.g., Siglecs, TIM-1), they can even suppress the activity of immune effector cells. Our data show that natural killer (NK) cell receptors NKp44 and NKp46, selectins (CD62E/P/L), the host factors DC-SIGNR/DC-SIGN, and inhibitory Siglecs function as receptors for EBOV-GP. Our results show also moderate to strong avidity of homing receptors (P-, L-, and E-selectin) and DC-SIGNR/DC-SIGN to purified EBOV-GP, to cells transfected with EBOV-GP, as well as to the envelope of a pseudotyped lentiviral vector carrying the EBOV-GP. The concomitant activation and inhibition of the immune system exemplifies the evolutionary antagonism between the immune system and pathogens. Altogether these interactions with activating and inhibitory receptors result in a reduced NK cell-mediated lysis of EBOV-GP-expressing cells. Modulation of these interactions may provide new strategies for treating infections caused by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Marstaller
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Banna
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roshanak Ahani
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Lea K Boller
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdolrahman Khezri
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Khalil M, Wang D, Hashemi E, Terhune SS, Malarkannan S. Implications of a 'Third Signal' in NK Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081955. [PMID: 34440725 PMCID: PMC8393955 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune systems are evolutionarily divergent. Primary signaling in T and B cells depends on somatically rearranged clonotypic receptors. In contrast, NK cells use germline-encoded non-clonotypic receptors such as NCRs, NKG2D, and Ly49H. Proliferation and effector functions of T and B cells are dictated by unique peptide epitopes presented on MHC or soluble humoral antigens. However, in NK cells, the primary signals are mediated by self or viral proteins. Secondary signaling mediated by various cytokines is involved in metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, terminal maturation, or memory formation in both innate and adaptive lymphocytes. The family of common gamma (γc) cytokine receptors, including IL-2Rα/β/γ, IL-7Rα/γ, IL-15Rα/β/γ, and IL-21Rα/γ are the prime examples of these secondary signals. A distinct set of cytokine receptors mediate a ‘third’ set of signaling. These include IL-12Rβ1/β2, IL-18Rα/β, IL-23R, IL-27R (WSX-1/gp130), IL-35R (IL-12Rβ2/gp130), and IL-39R (IL-23Rα/gp130) that can prime, activate, and mediate effector functions in lymphocytes. The existence of the ‘third’ signal is known in both innate and adaptive lymphocytes. However, the necessity, context, and functional relevance of this ‘third signal’ in NK cells are elusive. Here, we define the current paradigm of the ‘third’ signal in NK cells and enumerate its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elaheh Hashemi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott S. Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.T.); (S.M.)
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Schwichtenberg SC, Wisgalla A, Schroeder-Castagno M, Alvarez-González C, Schlickeiser S, Siebert N, Bellmann-Strobl J, Wernecke KD, Paul F, Dörr J, Infante-Duarte C. Fingolimod Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Leads to the Enrichment of a Subpopulation of Aged NK Cells. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1783-1797. [PMID: 34244929 PMCID: PMC8608997 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is an approved oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that modulates agonistically the sphingosin-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR), inhibiting thereby the egress of lymphocytes from the lymph nodes. In this interventional prospective clinical phase IV trial, we longitudinally investigated the impact of fingolimod on frequencies of NK cell subpopulations by flow cytometry in 17 RRMS patients at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment initiation. Clinical outcome was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and annualized relapse rates (ARR). Over the study period, median EDSS remained stable from month 3 to month 12, and ARR decreased compared to ARR in the 24 months prior treatment. Treatment was paralleled by an increased frequency of circulating NK cells, due primarily to an increase in CD56dimCD94low mature NK cells, while the CD56bright fraction and CD127+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) decreased over time. An unsupervised clustering algorithm further revealed that a particular fraction of NK cells defined by the expression of CD56dimCD16++KIR+/-NKG2A-CD94-CCR7+/-CX3CR1+/-NKG2C-NKG2D+NKp46-DNAM1++CD127+ increased during treatment. This specific phenotype might reflect a status of aged, fully differentiated, and less functional NK cells. Our study confirms that fingolimod treatment affects both NK cells and ILC. In addition, our study suggests that treatment leads to the enrichment of a specific NK cell subset characterized by an aged phenotype. This might limit the anti-microbial and anti-tumour NK cell activity in fingolimod-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja C Schwichtenberg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1 (Südstr. 2/Föhrer Str. 15), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Wisgalla
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1 (Südstr. 2/Föhrer Str. 15), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for "Psychiatrie Und Medizinische Klinik M.S. Psychosomatik,", Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schroeder-Castagno
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1 (Südstr. 2/Föhrer Str. 15), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Campus Mitte, Sauerbruchweg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cesar Alvarez-González
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1 (Südstr. 2/Föhrer Str. 15), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Campus Mitte, Sauerbruchweg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Siebert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Campus Mitte, Sauerbruchweg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine & Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Campus Mitte, Sauerbruchweg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine & Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Wernecke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and CRO SOSTANA GmbH, Wildensteiner Straße 27, 10318, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Campus Mitte, Sauerbruchweg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine & Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Dörr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Campus Mitte, Sauerbruchweg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine & Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Current Affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Oberhavel Kliniken, Marwitzer Straße 91, 16761, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1 (Südstr. 2/Föhrer Str. 15), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine & Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Varudkar N, Oyer JL, Copik A, Parks GD. Oncolytic parainfluenza virus combines with NK cells to mediate killing of infected and non-infected lung cancer cells within 3D spheroids: role of type I and type III interferon signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002373. [PMID: 34172515 PMCID: PMC8237729 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is intense interest in developing novel oncolytic viruses, which can be used in cancer therapies along with immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. We have previously developed a particle-based method for in vitro expansion of highly cytotoxic human NK cells (PM21-NK cells). Here, we have tested the hypothesis that oncolytic parainfluenza virus 5 (P/V virus) can combine with PM21-NK cells for targeted killing of lung cancer cells. METHODS PM21-NK cells were assayed for killing of P/V virus-infected A549, H1299 and Calu-1 lung cancer cells in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures using flow cytometry, luminescence and kinetic imaging-based methods. Blocking antibodies were used to evaluate NK cell activating receptors involved in PM21-NK cell killing of infected target cells. Media transfer experiments tested soluble factors that increase PM21-NK cell killing of both P/V virus-infected and uninfected tumor cells. RESULTS In 2D cultures, PM21-NK cells efficiently killed P/V virus-infected cancer cells compared with non-infected cells, through involvement of the viral glycoprotein and NK cell receptors NKp30, NKp46 and NKG2D. In 3D spheroid cultures, P/V virus infection was restricted to the outer layer of the spheroid. However, PM21-NK cells were able to more efficiently kill both the outer layer of infected cells in the spheroid and progressing further to kill the uninfected interior cells. Media transfer experiments demonstrated that P/V virus infection produced both type I and type III interferons, which decreased cell growth, which contributed to a reduction in the overall number of uninfected tumor cells in conjunction with PM21-NK cells. Across five cancer cell lines, the contribution of P/V virus infection on PM21-NK cell killing of target cells correlated with interferon induction. CONCLUSION Our data support the potential of combining oncolytic parainfluenza virus with PM21-NK cell adoptive therapy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Varudkar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremiah L Oyer
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Alicja Copik
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Harpur CM, Le Page MA, Tate MD. Too young to die? How aging affects cellular innate immune responses to influenza virus and disease severity. Virulence 2021; 12:1629-1646. [PMID: 34152253 PMCID: PMC8218692 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1939608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory viral infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The innate immune cell response elicited during influenza A virus (IAV) infection forms the critical first line of defense, which typically is impaired as we age. As such, elderly individuals more commonly succumb to influenza-associated complications, which is reflected in most aged animal models of IAV infection. Here, we review the important roles of several major innate immune cell populations in influenza pathogenesis, some of which being deleterious to the host, and the current knowledge of how age-associated numerical, phenotypic and functional cell changes impact disease development. Further investigation into age-related modulation of innate immune cell responses, using appropriate animal models, will help reveal how immunity to IAV may be compromised by aging and inform the development of novel therapies, tailored for use in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mélanie A Le Page
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Tomescu C, Kroll K, Colon K, Papasavvas E, Frank I, Tebas P, Mounzer K, Reeves RK, Montaner LJ. Identification of the predominant human NK cell effector subset mediating ADCC against HIV-infected targets coated with BNAbs or plasma from PLWH. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2051-2061. [PMID: 34086344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential of immunotherapy strategies utilizing broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs), such as 3BNC117 and 10-1074, to limit viral replication while also facilitating clearance of HIV infected cells has heightened interest in identifying the predominant NK effector subset(s) capable of mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Utilizing advanced polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified that CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed in People Living With HIV (PLWH) expressed significantly higher levels of the CD16 FcγR receptor, 2B4 ADCC coreceptor, and HLA-DR activation marker while NKG2C positive NK cells expressed significantly higher levels of the CD2 ADCC coreceptor (p < 0.001, n = 32). Functionally, CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed PLWH with either high or low NKG2C expansion exhibited significantly enhanced degranulation and IFN-γ production against heterologous gp120-coated ADCC targets coated with HIV reference plasma compared to CD57 negative NK cells (p = 0.0029, n = 11). CD57 positive NK cells from control donors lacking NKG2C expansion also exhibited significantly more degranulation and IFN-γ production at every timepoint tested against both heterologous ADCC targets (p = 0.019, n = 9) and HIV-1 infected autologous CD4+ primary T cells coated with BNAbs. Together, our data support CD57 positive and NKG2C positive NK cells as the predominant ADCC effector subsets capable of targeting HIV-infected CD4+ cells in the presence of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costin Tomescu
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krystal Colon
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ian Frank
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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43
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Piersma SJ, Brizić I. Natural killer cell effector functions in antiviral defense. FEBS J 2021; 289:3982-3999. [PMID: 34125493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells involved in the control of tumors and viral infections. They provide protection by producing cytokines and by directly lysing target cells. Both effector mechanisms have been identified to contribute to viral control, depending on the context of infection. Activation of NK cells depends on the integration of signals received by cytokine receptors and activation and inhibitory receptors recognizing ligands expressed by virus-infected cells. While the control of viral infections by NK cells is well established, the signals perceived by NK cells and how these signals integrate to mediate optimal viral control have been focus of ongoing research. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on NK cell activation and integration of signals that lead to interferon gamma production and cytotoxicity in viral infections. We review NK cell interactions with viruses, with particular focus on murine cytomegalovirus studies, which helped elucidate crucial aspects of antiviral NK cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytse J Piersma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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Farooqi AA, Attar R, Yulaevna IM, Berardi R. Interaction of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs with microRNAs for the regulation of immunological responses in human cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:63-71. [PMID: 34090752 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have enabled us to deconvolve immune system heterogeneity by identification of functionally distinct immune cell subsets in disease and health. Discovery of non-coding RNAs has opened new horizons for re-interpretation of regulatory roles of myriad of cell signaling pathways in immunology and oncology. Role of miRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of immunomodulation has just begun to be uncovered and future studies may further expand the repertoire of non-coding RNAs implicated in the regulatory circuits. One of the most recent and exciting aspect in molecular immunology is the delivery of non-coding RNAs through exosomes to the recipient cells which results in the re-wiring of different pathways and protein networks in recipient cells. Broader understanding of all of the layers of regulation in this system can provide useful information that could be harnessed to rationally translate laboratory findings into clinically effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | | | - Rossana Berardi
- Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
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Bahadoran A, Bezavada L, Smallwood HS. Fueling influenza and the immune response: Implications for metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection and immunometabolism. Immunol Rev 2021; 295:140-166. [PMID: 32320072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies support the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are rheostats in immune cells whose bioenergetics have functional outputs in terms of their biology. Specific intrinsic and extrinsic molecular factors function as molecular potentiometers to adjust and control glycolytic to respiratory power output. In many cases, these potentiometers are used by influenza viruses and immune cells to support pathogenesis and the host immune response, respectively. Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract, providing a specific environmental niche, while immune cells encounter variable nutrient concentrations as they migrate in response to infection. Immune cell subsets have distinct metabolic programs that adjust to meet energetic and biosynthetic requirements to support effector functions, differentiation, and longevity in their ever-changing microenvironments. This review details how influenza coopts the host cell for metabolic reprogramming and describes the overlap of these regulatory controls in immune cells whose function and fate are dictated by metabolism. These details are contextualized with emerging evidence of the consequences of influenza-induced changes in metabolic homeostasis on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Bahadoran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Zheng J, Wen L, Yen HL, Liu M, Liu Y, Teng O, Wu WF, Ni K, Lam KT, Huang C, Yang J, Lau YL, Perlman S, Peiris M, Tu W. Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of a Novel Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-Specific Memory NK Cell. J Virol 2021; 95:e00165-21. [PMID: 33827945 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00165-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune memory represents the most efficient defense against invasion and transmission of infectious pathogens. In contrast to memory T and B cells, the roles of innate immunity in recall responses remain inconclusive. In this study, we identified a novel mouse spleen NK cell subset expressing NKp46 and NKG2A induced by intranasal influenza virus infection. These memory NK cells specifically recognize N-linked glycosylation sites on influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Different from memory-like NK cells reported previously, these NKp46+ NKG2A+ memory NK cells exhibited HA-specific silence of cytotoxicity but increase of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response against influenza virus-infected cells, which could be reversed by pifithrin-μ, a p53-heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signaling inhibitor. During recall responses, splenic NKp46+ NKG2A+ NK cells were recruited to infected lung and modulated viral clearance of virus and CD8+ T cell distribution, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. This long-lived NK memory bridges innate and adaptive immune memory response and promotes the homeostasis of local environment during recall response.IMPORTANCE In this study, we demonstrate a novel hemagglutinin (HA)-specific NKp46+ NKG2A+ NK cell subset induced by influenza A virus infection. These memory NK cells show virus-specific decreased cytotoxicity and increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on reencountering the same influenza virus antigen. In addition, they modulate host recall responses and CD8 T cell distribution, thus bridging the innate immune and adaptive immune responses during influenza virus infection.
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Rose DL, Reagin KL, Oliva KE, Tompkins SM, Klonowski KD. Enhanced generation of influenza-specific tissue resident memory CD8 T cells in NK-depleted mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8969. [PMID: 33903648 PMCID: PMC8076325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are among the first effectors to directly contact influenza and influenza-infected cells and their activation affects not only their intrinsic functions, but also subsequent CD8+ T cell responses. We utilized a NK cell depletion model to interrogate the contribution of NK cells to the development of anti-influenza CD8+ T cell memory. NK cell ablation increased the number of influenza-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the respiratory tract and lung-draining lymph node. Interestingly, animals depleted of NK cells during primary influenza infection were protected as well as their NK-intact counterparts despite significantly fewer reactivated CD8+ T cells infiltrating the respiratory tract after lethal, heterosubtypic challenge. Instead, protection in NK-deficient animals seems to be conferred by rapid reactivation of an enlarged pool of lung tissue-resident (TRM) memory cells within two days post challenge. Further interrogation of how NK cell ablation enhances respiratory TRM indicated that TRM development is independent of global and NK cell derived IFN-γ. These data suggest that reduction in NK cell activation after vaccination with live, non-lethal influenza virus increases compartmentalized, broadly protective memory CD8+ T cell generation and decreases the risk of CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology following subsequent influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rose
- Department of Shared Resources, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Katie L Reagin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kimberly E Oliva
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Caron J, Ridgley LA, Bodman-Smith M. How to Train Your Dragon: Harnessing Gamma Delta T Cells Antiviral Functions and Trained Immunity in a Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666983. [PMID: 33854516 PMCID: PMC8039298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of viruses with pandemic potential such as the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 poses a global health challenge. There is remarkable progress in vaccine technology in response to this threat, but their design often overlooks the innate arm of immunity. Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T cells with unique features that gives them a key role in the innate immune response to a variety of homeostatic alterations, from cancer to microbial infections. In the context of viral infection, a growing body of evidence shows that γδ T cells are particularly equipped for early virus detection, which triggers their subsequent activation, expansion and the fast deployment of antiviral functions such as direct cytotoxic pathways, secretion of cytokines, recruitment and activation of other immune cells and mobilization of a trained immunity memory program. As such, γδ T cells represent an attractive target to stimulate for a rapid and effective resolution of viral infections. Here, we review the known aspects of γδ T cells that make them crucial component of the immune response to viruses, and the ways that their antiviral potential can be harnessed to prevent or treat viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alice Ridgley
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Chinnery F, King CA, Elliott T, Bateman AR, James E. Viral antigen mediated NKp46 activation of NK cells results in tumor rejection via NK-DC crosstalk. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:874-883. [PMID: 23162755 PMCID: PMC3489743 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in antitumor immunity, their activation being regulated through NK cell receptors. Although the endogenous ligands for these receptors are largely unknown, viral ligands have been identified. We investigated the ability of an activating NK receptor ligand derived from the mumps virus, haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) to enhance NK activation against tumor cells. HN-expressing B16.OVA tumor cells induced stronger activation of NK cells compared with B16.OVA cells and also promoted dendritic cell (DC) activation toward a DC1 phenotype, in vitro. Moreover, incubation of DCs, NK cells and HN-expressing B16-OVA cells further enhanced NK cell activation through the NK-DC crosstalk, in a cell-to-cell contact- and IL-12-dependent fashion. Immunization of mice with HN-expressing B16-OVA cells resulted in > 85% survival rate after subsequent challenge with parental B16 or B16.OVA tumor cells. Tumor rejection was dependent on both NK and CD8+ T cells but not on CD4+ T cells, demonstrating induction of an effective adaptive immune response through innate immune cell activation. Our data indicate the potential of using robust NK cell activation, which through the NK-DC crosstalk stimulates effective antitumor responses, providing an alternate vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Chinnery
- Cancer Sciences Unit; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
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Zhao S, Xie T, Shen L, Liu H, Wang L, Ma X, Wu J, Yuan S, Mor G, Liao A. An Immunological Perspective: What Happened to Pregnant Women After Recovering From COVID-19? Front Immunol 2021; 12:631044. [PMID: 33613576 PMCID: PMC7886989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been raging around the world since January 2020. Pregnancy places the women in a unique immune scenario which may allow severe COVID‐19 disease. In this regard, the potential unknown effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on mothers and fetuses have attracted considerable attention. There is no clear consistent evidence of the changes in the immune status of pregnant women after recovery from COVID-19. In this study, we use multiparameter flow cytometry and Luminex assay to determine the immune cell subsets and cytokines, respectively, in the peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood from pregnant women recovering from COVID-19 about 3 months (n=5). Our results showed decreased percentages of Tc2, Tfh17, memory B cells, virus-specific NK cells, and increased percentages of naive B cells in the peripheral blood. Serum levels of IL-1ra and MCP-1 showed a decreased tendency in late recovery stage (LRS) patients. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in immune cell subsets in the umbilical cord blood. The placentas from LRS patients showed increased CD68+ macrophages infiltration and mild hypoxic features. The inflammatory damage of the placenta may be related to the antiviral response. Since the receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, utilized by SARS-CoV-2 are not co-expressed in the placenta, so it is extremely rare for SARS-CoV-2 to cause infection through this route and the impact on the fetus is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Women's Health Care, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixiang Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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