Genotypes of Sechium spp. as a Source of Natural Products with Biological Activity

The genus Sechium P. Br. (Cucurbitaceae) includes ten species, two of which are edible. The inedible genotypes are in a fragile ecological niche, since they are not used by rural inhabitants. A rescue and genetic crossing program was designed to identify uses that favor their conservation due to their content of bioactive secondary metabolites (Sm) for health. Fruits of S. compositum (wild type), hybrid H-D Victor (inedible), and S. edule var. nigrum spinosum (edible) were evaluated by extraction methods such as juice and oven drying to determine the yields of Sm, with in vivo evaluations of liver damage. The dried biomass (40 °C) extracted with ethanolic and methanolic procedures showed lower Sm content than the juice (fresh biomass). More than 90% of phenolic acids and cucurbitacins in the extracts were degraded, possibly due to the drying time (oven). Biological activity showed that nigrum spinosum and HD-Victor have fewer toxic metabolites than S. compositum. The hybrid H-D Victor is of reduced cytotoxicity, showing the advantages of hybridization with wild types. Phytochemical and biological activity characterization may contribute to the conservation of genotypes and become a source of bioactive natural products.

Epigenetic Properties of Compounds Contained in Functional Foods Against Cancer

Epigenetics encompasses reversible and heritable genomic changes in histones, DNA expression, and non-coding RNAs that occur without modifying the nucleotide DNA sequence. These changes play a critical role in modulating cell function in both healthy and pathological conditions. Dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, and mainly cancer. Therefore, to develop innovative therapeutic strategies, research for compounds able to modulate the complex epigenetic landscape of cancer is rapidly surging. Dietary phytochemicals, mostly flavonoids but also tetraterpenoids, organosulfur compounds, and isothiocyanates, represent biologically active molecules found in vegetables, fruits, medicinal plants, and beverages. These natural organic compounds exhibit epigenetic modulatory properties by influencing the activity of epigenetics key enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases and demethylases. Due to the reversibility of the modifications that they induce, their minimal adverse effects, and their potent epigenetic regulatory activity, dietary phytochemicals hold significant promise as antitumor agents and warrant further investigation. This review aims to consolidate current data on the diverse epigenetic effects of the six major flavonoid subclasses, as well as other natural compounds, in the context of cancer. The goal is to identify new therapeutic epigenetic targets for drug development, whether as stand-alone treatments or in combination with conventional antitumor approaches.

Biochemical and In Silico Aspects of Active Compounds From Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flower As Antidiabetic Agent

Targeting alpha-glucosidase (maltase-glucoamylase [MGAM] and sucrase-isomaltase [SI]) under diabetes conditions is important to overcome hyperglycemia. Moreover, it is necessary to mitigate hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress to evade the progression of diabetes-associated secondary complications. Hence, in the present study, under-explored Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers (NAFs) were studied for inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activities. The NAF methanolic extract (NAFME) was prepared. Through liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) analysis, various phytocompounds belonging to different classes-flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, polyphenol, phenolic acid, fatty acid ester, and carotenoid-were identified. NAFME showed in vitro antioxidant activity. NAFME inhibited maltase, sucrase, glucoamylase, and isomaltase in mixed mode with Ki values of 179.93, 176.38, 126.03, and 201.56 µg/mL, respectively. In silico screening of phytocompounds identified in NAFME indicated that hinokiflavone (HKF), pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (PG), isorhamnetin-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside (IGR), and petunidin-3-rutinoside (PR) showed better interactions with different subunits of human alpha-glucosidase, namely, N-terminal (Nt-MGAM and Nt-SI) and C-terminal (Ct-MGAM and Ct-SI). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, binding free energy study (molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area [MM/GBSA]), and post-MD simulation studies (principal component analysis [PCA] and dynamic cross-correlation matrix [DCCM]) provided an in-depth understanding of these ligands' interactions with proteins. The overall efficacy of NAFME against oxidative stress and alpha-glucosidase in vitro is understood. Moreover, in silico analysis has shown the possible potential of HKF, PG, IGR, and PR to act as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Further studies on the antidiabetic potential of NAFME, HKF, PG, IGR, and PR in in vivo conditions are required to fully unveil the applicability of NAFME in the management of T2DM as a complementary medicine.

Novel Dithiocarbamic Flavanones with Antioxidant Properties-A Structure-Activity Relationship Study

The antioxidant properties of some 3-dithiocarbamic flavanones were investigated. Based on a previous study, we selected three frameworks that proved to be the most active ones. By varying the nature of the substituent at the para-position of flavanone ring B, a structure-activity relationship study on radical scavenging activities was performed. The influence of these substituents (H, F, Cl, Br and I) was evaluated in relation to DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The results indicated that the presence of the halogen substituent induced better antioxidant properties than ascorbic acid and BHT. The radical scavenging activities were found to decrease in the following order: F > Cl > Br > I > H. This is correlated with the decrease in electronegativity and withdrawing inductive effect of these substituents, which make the C(2)-H bond of the benzopyran ring prone to hydrogen radical transfer.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study from NHANES

BACKGROUND

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a typical hepatic steatosis with metabolic dysfunction. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) measures individual antioxidant capacity, and the relationship with MAFLD has received little attention. Our goal is to explore the association of CDAI with MAFLD.

METHODS

Participants were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2020. CDAI was calculated basing on six dietary antioxidants, including zinc, selenium, carotenoids, and vitamins A, C, and E. Univariate regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the correlation between CDAI and MAFLD. We performed subgroup analysis to study the correlation in various populations.

RESULTS

A total of 18,163 participants, including 13,969 MAFLD and 4,194 non-MAFLD, were included. CDAI was significantly negatively correlated with MAFLD. After adjusting for all confounders (including age, gender, race, marital status, poverty ratio, education level, drinking status, smoking status, and physical activity), individuals in the highest quartile of CDAI exhibited a 27% lower likelihood of developing MAFLD than those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.73; 95% CI [0.66, 0.81], p < 0.001). Physical activity subgroup analysis showed that this negative association was significant in the moderate-intensity physical exercise population (Model 3 in Q4, OR = 0.72; 95% CI [0.58-0.89], p < 0.001). Additionally, the changes in vitamins C were independently associated with MAFLD (Model 3, OR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.86-0.93], p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

We found a negative relationship between higher CDAI scores and MAFLD. This study provided a new reference for exploring dietary interventions that affect MAFLD to reduce its incidence.

Evaluation of Tridax procumbens Secondary Metabolites Anti-Tuberculosis Activity by In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a human pathogen that causes Tuberculosis (TB) disease. Researchers have reported the activity of traditional medicinal plants against human pathogens. However, antimycobacterial studies of medicinal plants against M. tuberculosis remain limited. Thus, the purpose of this study is to characterize the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity of Tridax procumbens towards H37Rv. The antibacterial activity was elucidated by the inhibitory zone formed around the disc by performing disk diffusion method. Tridax antimycobacterial activity measured by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) infers the sample is sensitive to H37Rv at MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 600 µg/mL. BACTEC MGIT 960 DST identifies the sample is susceptible to H37Rv and Rifampicin resistant (RR). Antiproliferative, functional group determination and mechanism of action of secondary metabolites were performed by MTT, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phytocompounds antimycobacterial efficacy is further supported by molecular docking data. The binding interactions of ligands with gyrA gene revealed (S,Z)-Heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-3-ol molecule as a prominent phytocompound with a binding affinity of -6.6 kcal/mol.

Relevant Serum Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is activated in all cells by stressors such as hyperglycemia. However, it remains unclear which specific serum biomarkers of ERS are consistently altered in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to identify serum ERS biomarkers that are consistently altered in T2D and its complications, and their correlation with metabolic and anthropometric variables. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies (MOOSE). The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models weighted by the inverse variance were employed to estimate the standardized mean difference and correlations as effect size measures. Indicators of heterogeneity and meta-regressions were evaluated. Of the 1206 identified studies, 22 were finally included, representing 11,953 subjects (2224 with T2D and 9992 non-diabetic controls). Most studies were of high quality. Compared with controls, subjects with T2D had higher circulating levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70; SMD: 2.30, 95% CI 1.13-3.46; p < 0.001) and secretagogin (SMD: 0.60, 95%CI 0.19-1.01; p < 0.001). They also had higher serum levels of peroxiredoxin-1, -2, -4, and -6. Secretagogin inversely correlated with HOMA-IR, yet positively correlated with HOMA-B, HbA1c, and FPG. PRX4 negatively correlated with HbA1c and FPG, while HSP70 positively correlated with HbA1c. In conclusion, six ERS biomarkers are consistently elevated in human T2D and correlate with glycemic control, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. Emerging evidence links serum ERS biomarkers to diabetes complications, but further research should evaluate their prognostic implications.

Identification of pyroptosis-associated miRNAs in the immunoscape and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent types of liver malignancy and poses a severe threat to global health. Despite recent improvements in therapeutic approaches, treatment options for patients with advanced or recurrent HCC are still limited.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Our study analyzed miRNA differential expression using data from hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas. Pyroptosis-related genes were identified from gene cards. Differential expression of miRNAs was analyzed using DESeq2 and visualized using ggplot2 and pheatmap. A prognostic risk model for pyroptosis-associated miRNAs was constructed using LASSO regression and validated by principal component analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival and ROC curve analysis. We also performed gene and pathway enrichment analysis. Immune cell infiltration and function in HCC were assessed using single-sample genomic enrichment analysis, and correlations with immune cells and function were explored. Also, CCK-8 assay as well as migration and invasion assays were performed after knockdown of miR-6844.

RESULTS

We have established and validated a prognostic risk model based on ten DEmiRNAs, which is important for the survival of HCC patients. Significant changes in immune cell infiltration and immune function were also found in high-risk patients. It also demonstrated that knockdown of miR-6844 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, highlighting its role in HCC progression.

CONCLUSION

Our study reveals the implications of pyroptosis-associated differential miRNAs on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and provides a foundation for novel HCC therapies, especially immunotherapy.

Flavones Suppress Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of Human Lysozyme under Macromolecular Crowding Conditions

The crowded milieu of a biological cell significantly impacts protein aggregation and interactions. Understanding the effects of macromolecular crowding on the aggregation and fibrillation of amyloidogenic proteins is crucial for the treatment of many amyloid-related disorders. Most in vitro studies of protein amyloid formation and its inhibition by small molecules are conducted in dilute buffers, which do not mimic the complexity of the cellular environment. In this study, we used PEGs to simulate macromolecular crowding and examined the inhibitory effects of flavones DHF, baicalein, and luteolin on human lysozyme (HuL) aggregation at pH 2. Naturally occurring flavones have been effective inhibitors of amyloid formation in some proteins. Our findings indicate that while flavones inhibit HuL aggregation and fibrillation in dilute buffer solutions, complete inhibition is observed with a combination of flavones and PEGs, as shown by ThT fluorescence, light scattering, TEM, and AFM studies. The species formed in the presence of PEG 8000 and flavones were less hydrophobic, less toxic, and α-helix-rich compared to control samples, which were hydrophobic and β-sheet-rich, as demonstrated by ANS hydrophobicity, MTT assay, and CD spectroscopy. Fluorescence titration studies of flavones with HuL showed a significant increase in binding constant values under crowding conditions. These findings highlight the importance of macromolecular crowding in modulating protein aggregation and amyloid inhibition. Further studies using disease-causing mutants of HuL and other amyloidogenic proteins are needed to explore the role of macromolecular crowding in small-molecule-mediated modulation and inhibition of protein aggregation and amyloid formation.

Essential oil constituents of regional ethnomedicinal plants as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: an integrated molecular docking, molecular dynamics and QM/MM study

The scientific community has achieved a remarkable milestone by creating efficacious vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The treatment alternatives are still restricted, though. The bioactive ingredients present in natural plants are known to exhibit diverse pharmacological effects against many diseases. Using computational techniques such as molecular docking, drug-likeness, ADMET study, MD simulation, and our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular mechanics (ONIOM) calculations, this study aimed to investigate essential oil constituents of Lindera neesiana, Litsea cubeba and Zanthoxylum armatum DC plants as a potential natural inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). To determine their binding affinity, 107 phytochemical substances in total were docked inside the binding pocket of Mpro. Copaene showed the highest binding affinity among the 107 compounds, with an energy of -7.90 kcal/mol. Furthermore, physiochemical and ADMET properties were evaluated for the top five phytocompounds. The studied phytocompounds showed good physiochemical and pharmacokinetic behaviour with no associated toxicity. MD simulation further provided evidence for stable interaction of phytocompounds within the binding pocket of Mpro. Subsequently, ONIOM calculation was done on the best-hit complex, wherein the hydrogen bonding interactions were retained with appreciable negative energy. These in silico results indicate that the specific phytocompounds present in essential oils of L. neesiana, L. cubeba, and Z. armatum DC have significant inhibitor ability against SARS-CoV-2 main protease and could be explored for future therapeutic investigations.

Amphoteric β-cyclodextrin coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles: new insights into synthesis and application in MRI

This work presents a group of high-quality hydrophilic and negatively charged coated, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that have been prepared using a microwave-ultrasound-assisted protocol, and demonstrates the great impact that the synthetic strategy has on the resulting MNPs. The different coatings tested, including citric acid, carboxymethyl dextran and β-cyclodextrin (βCD)/citric acid have been compared and have shown good dispersibility and stability. The ability of βCD to maintain the inclusive properties of the coated MNPs has been proven as well as their cytocompatibility. An amino citrate-modified βCD is proposed and its capabilities as a flexible amphoteric adsorbing device have been studied. The NMR relaxometric properties of the coated MNPs have been investigated using field-cycling nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles. For the amino citrate-modified βCD system, the order of magnitude of the Néel relaxation time is in the typical range for superparamagnetic systems' reversal times, i.e., 10-10-10-7 s. The r d value corresponds to the physical radius of the magnetic core, suggesting that, in this particular case, the coating does not prevent the diffusive motion of water molecules, which provide the basis for potential future magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications.

Engineering Nicotiana benthamiana for chrysoeriol production using synthetic biology approaches

Flavonoids are prevalent plant secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activities. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities make flavonoids widely useful in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical and health food industries. However, many flavonoids occur at only low concentrations in plants, and they are difficult to synthesize chemically due to their structural complexity. To address these difficulties, new technologies have been employed to enhance the production of flavonoids in vivo. In this study, we used synthetic biology techniques to produce the methylated flavone chrysoeriol in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The chrysoeriol biosynthetic pathway consists of eight catalytic steps. However, using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay to examine the in planta activities of genes of interest, we shortened this pathway to four steps catalyzed by five enzymes. Co-expression of these five enzymes in N. benthamiana leaves resulted in de novo chrysoeriol production. Chrysoeriol production was unaffected by the Agrobacterium cell density used for agroinfiltration and increased over time, peaking at 10 days after infiltration. Chrysoeriol accumulation in agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana leaves was associated with increased antioxidant activity, a typical property of flavones. Taken together, our results demonstrate that synthetic biology represents a practical method for engineering plants to produce substantial amounts of flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives without the need for exogenous substrates.

Association of oxidative balance score with cardiovascular disease and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in American adults with type 2 diabetes: data from the National Health and Nutrition examination survey 1999-2018

Background

Oxidative stress has an important role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Oxidative balance score (OBS) is an emerging assessment of dietary and lifestyle oxidative balance. We aimed to explore the association of OBS with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause and CVD mortality in the T2D population through NHANES 1999-2018.

Methods

OBS integrated 16 dietary components and 4 lifestyle components. T2D was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to explore the association of OBS with CVD and mortality in T2D, respectively.

Results

3801 adult T2D participants were included. In fully adjusted models, OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS were all negatively associated with the prevalence of CVD (odds ratios of 0.98, 0.98, and 0.85, respectively). Higher OBS and lifestyle OBS (p for trend 0.016 and <0.001, respectively) rather than dietary OBS (p for trend = 0.06) were associated with significantly lower odds of CVD. Higher OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS were all negatively associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratios [HR] of 0.98, 0.98, and 0.92, respectively; p for trend of 0.002, 0.009, and 0.035, respectively). Higher OBS and dietary OBS were negatively associated with CVD mortality (HR 0.96 and 0.95, respectively; p for trend both <0.001), whereas lifestyle OBS was not. Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested that most associations were linear. Stratified analyses showed that these associations were influenced by some demographic variables and disease status.

Conclusions

Adherence to higher OBS was associated with reduced CVD prevalence and mortality risk in T2D. Antioxidant diet and lifestyle had more significant associations with mortality and CVD prevalence, respectively. However, as these findings are merely associations and do not allow causal inferences to be drawn, future validation in high-quality randomized controlled trials is needed.

The Zebrafish Retina and the Evolution of the Onecut-Mediated Pathway in Cell Type Differentiation

Onecut/Hnf6 (Oc) genes play an important role in the proper formation of retinal cells in vertebrates, in particular horizontal, retinal ganglion and amacrine cells. However, it is not fully known how the unique and combined action of multiple Oc gene copies leads to the induction and differentiation of specific retinal cell types. To gain new insights on how Oc genes influence retina formation, we have examined the developmental role of oc1, oc2 and oc-like genes during eye formation in the non-mammalian vertebrate zebrafish Danio rerio. By using single and multiple morpholino knockdown of three zebrafish Oc genes we provide evidence for the independent and redundant role of each gene in the formation of photoreceptors and other retinal tissues. Through comparison of Oc genetic pathways in photoreceptor differentiation among chordates we demonstrate their mechanism of action through a series of conserved target genes involved in neural transmission.

Targeting mTOR Kinase with Natural Compounds: Potent ATP-Competitive Inhibition Through Enhanced Binding Mechanisms

Background/Objectives: The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling contributes to many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Therefore, inhibitors against mTOR's catalytic kinase domain (KD) have been developed and have shown significant antitumor activities, making it a promising therapeutic target. The ATP-KD interaction is particularly important for mTOR to exert its cellular functions, and such inhibitors have demonstrated efficient attenuation of overall mTOR activity. Methods: In this study, we screened the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database, which enlists natural products that capture the relationships between drugs targets and diseases. Our aim was to identify potential ATP-competitive agonists that target the mTOR-KD and compete with ATP to bind the mTOR-KD serving as potential potent mTOR inhibitors. Results: We identified two compounds that demonstrated interatomic interactions similar to those of ATP-mTOR. The conformational stability and dynamic features of the mTOR-KD bound to the selected compounds were tested by subjecting each complex to 200 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) to extract free binding energies. We show the effectiveness of both compounds in forming stable complexes with the mTOR-KD, which is more effective than the mTOR-KD-ATP complex with more robust binding affinities. Conclusions: This study implies that both compounds could serve as potential therapeutic inhibitors of mTOR, regulating its function and, therefore, mitigating human disease progression.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzodihydrofurans Bearing Axial and Central Stereogenic Elements

The enantioselective synthesis of chiral compounds containing multiple stereogenic elements via a single catalytic step is a challenging process. In the presence of α-chloronitrostyrenes and a chiral squaramide catalyst, C-C or C-N pro-axially chiral 2-naphthol substrates, featuring low barriers to enantiomerization, underwent a remote diastereo- and enantioselective domino Michael/O-alkylation. It provided the desired benzodihydrofurans bearing two stereogenic carbon atoms and a configurationally stable C-C or a C-N bond, thanks to a high increase of the barrier to rotation upon dihydrofurannulation.

Evaluation of Sodium Chloride Concentrations on Growth and Phytochemical Production of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. in a Hydroponic System

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., commonly known as the ice plant, is a halophyte recognized for its exceptional salinity tolerance. This study aimed to determine the optimal NaCl concentration for promoting plant growth, D-pinitol, and other phytochemicals in M. crystallinum cultivated in a hydroponics system. Seedlings of M. crystallinum were transplanted into a hydroponic system and subjected to different NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM) in the nutrient solution. To evaluate the plant’s response to salinity stress, measurements were conducted on growth parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, total flavonoid and polyphenol contents, and DPPH scavenging activity. The optimal NaCl concentration for growth was found to be 200 mM, at which the shoot fresh and dry weights were highest. Additionally, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were maximized at 200 mM NaCl, with a subsequent decrease at higher concentrations. The highest DPPH scavenging activity was observed in the 200 mM NaCl treatment, which correlated with increased levels of total flavonoids and polyphenols. These results indicated that optimizing NaCl concentration can enhance the antioxidant activity of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. The D-pinitol content also peaked at 200 mM NaCl treatment, further supporting its role osmotic adjustment under salinity stress. M. crystallinum exhibited enhanced antioxidant production and cellular protective functions at 200 mM NaCl, which optimized its biochemical defense mechanisms and helped maintain physiological functions under salinity stress. These findings provide valuable insights for agricultural and biological applications, particularly in cultivating M. crystallinum for its bioactive compounds.

Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-nociceptive effect of myricitrin against reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model in rats: Implication of SIRT1 and miRNAs

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, also termed sapodilla or chikoo, is a significant plant in ethnomedicine because of its long history of traditional medical applications. In diverse cultures, sapodilla is believed to protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and some chronic diseases because of its high antioxidant content. The naturally occurring antioxidant myricitrin (MYR) flavonoid is primarily found in the leaves and other plant parts of sapodilla and it is well-known for having therapeutic qualities and possible health advantages.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To appraise the possible impact of MYR on a rat model of reserpine-induced fibromyalgia (FM) and explore its mechanism of action.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Isolation and identification of MYR with more than 99% purity from Manilkara zapota leaves were primarily done and confirmed through chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. To develop FM model, reserpine (RSP) was injected daily (1 mg/kg, s.c.) for three successive days. Then, MYR (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and pregabalin (PGB, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) were given daily for another five days. Behavioral changes were assessed through open field test (OFT), hot plate test, and forced swimming test (FST). Further analyses of different brain parameters and signaling pathways were performed to assess monoamines levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptotic changes as well as silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) expressions.

RESULTS

From High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the methanol extract of sapodilla leaves contains 166.17 μg/ml of MYR. Results of behavioral tests showed a significant improvement in RSP-induced nociceptive stimulation, reduced locomotion and exploration and depressive-like behavior by MYR. Biochemical analyses showed that MYR significantly ameliorated the RSP-induced imbalance in brain monoamine neurotransmitters. In addition, MYR significantly attenuated oxidative stress elicited by RSP via up-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expressions, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain. The RSP-provoked inflammatory response was also diminished by MYR treatment as shown by a significant decreased NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression along with reduced levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic activity of MYR was demonstrated by a marked rise in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX)/B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio by lowering Bcl-2 while increasing BAX levels. In addition, MYR treatment significantly boosted the expression of SIRT1 deacetylase in RSP-treated animals. Interestingly, molecular docking showed the ability of MYR to form a stable complex in the binding site of SIRT1. Regarding miRNAs, MYR effectively ameliorated RSP-induced changes in miR-320 and miR-107 gene expressions.

CONCLUSION

Our findings afford new insights into the anti-nociceptive profile of MYR in the RSP-induced FM model in rats. The underlying mechanisms involved direct binding and activation of SIRT1 to influence different signaling cascades, including Nrf2 and NF-κB/NLRP3 together with modulation of miRNAs. However, more in-depth studies are needed before proposing MYR as a new clinically relevant drug in the management of FM.

Toxicological profiling of methanolic seed extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet: in-vitro and in-vivo analysis

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Abutilon indicum, a shrub of the Malvaceae family, is found abundantly in tropical countries like India. A. indicum is widely used for its high medicinal properties. Traditionally, A. indicum seed powder is consumed to treat piles, constipation, chronic cystitis, gonorrhea, gleet, and pregnancy-related problems. Despite having numerous medicinal properties and widespread traditional use of A. indicum seeds, scientific validation, and toxicity studies have yet to be documented.

AIMS OF THE STUDY

The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive study on phytochemical profiling, in-vitro cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and in-vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity, and genotoxicity on animal models of methanolic extract of A. indicum seed (MAS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The qualitative analysis of MAS was explored through FTIR and HR LC-MS. For in-vitro cytotoxicity, the HEK-293 cell line was used, and the TA100 (Staphylococcus typhimurium) bacterial strain was used for the Ames mutagenicity test. A single oral dose of 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg body weight of MAS was given to each male and female rat for acute toxicity study and observed for 14 days for any toxicity signs. In the sub-acute toxicity study, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg body weight of MAS was administered orally to each rat for 28 days. The experimental animals were weighed weekly, and general behavior was monitored regularly. After 28 days of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and different serum biochemical, hematological, and histological analyses were performed. The blood samples of different doses of MAS were used for genotoxicity study through comet assay.

RESULTS

FTIR analysis found different functional groups, which indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. HR LC-MS analysis depicts several components with different biological functions. The cell cytotoxicity and Ames mutagenicity results showed minimal toxicity and mutagenicity up to a certain dose. The acute toxicity study conducted in Wistar albino rats demonstrated zero mortality among the animals, and the LD50 value for seed extract was determined to be 2000 mg/kg body weight. Sub-acute toxicity assessments indicated that the administration of seed extract resulted in no adverse effects at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. However, at higher doses, specifically 1000 mg/kg body weight, the liver of the experimental rats exhibited some toxic effects. In the genotoxicity study, minimal DNA damage was found in 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively, but slightly greater DNA damage was found in 1000 mg/kg doses in both male and female rats.

CONCLUSIONS

The consumption of A. indicum seed powder is deemed safe; however, doses exceeding 500 mg/kg body weight may raise concerns regarding use. These findings pave the path for the creation of innovative medicines with improved efficacy and safety profiles.

Resonance frequency analysis of dental implants in patients with vitamin D deficiency

OBJECTIVES

Vitamin D deficiency may influence dental implant osseointegration unfavourably. The aim of this study was to compare dental implant stabilities of patients with different levels of vitamin D and investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred and twenty-nine patients who underwent dental implantation were grouped regarding vitamin D levels and supplement use: Group A; vitamin D deficiency and supplement usage, Group B; insufficiency with supplement usage, Group C; insufficiency without supplements and Group D; vitamin D sufficiency. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements were performed at baseline and 3 months. Patients with vitamin D deficiency (Group A) and insufficiency (Group B) were prescribed supplements by specialists. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine an association between vitamin D levels and implant stability.

RESULTS

Primary stability of Group D (76.34 ± 6.55) was significantly higher than Groups A, B and C at baseline (p < 0.05). At 3 months, Group C scored significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). The results revealed a correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and RFA measurements at 3 months (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

It was observed that high vitamin D levels influenced implant stabilities positively, as evidenced by higher Implant Stability Quotient values. Low levels of vitamin D may be associated with a decrease in implant stability.

STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Vitamin D, concerning its impact on bone metabolism, is currently of particular interest in implant dentistry. The lower stability scores in patients with vitamin D deficiency reinforce the recommendation of Vitamin D supplementation when treating those patients with dental implants.

Expression and clinical significance of Numb and Notch-1 proteins between tissue of colon cancer and regional lymph node metastases

Objective

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Notch-1 and Numb protein in colon cancer tissues and regional lymph node metastases.

Methods

Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Notch-1 protein and Numb protein in 110 cases of colon cancer tissues, along with tumor adjacent tissues and 56 cases of MLN tissues, and to analyze its role in colon cancer and MLN tissue.

Results

Comparing colon cancer tissue or lymph node metastases with tumor adjacent tissue, the positive expression rate of Numb was significantly decreased, while the positive expression of Notch-1 was significantly increased in colon cancer tissue or lymph node metastases (both p<0.05). The expression of Notch-1 and Numb was correlated with the lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and degree of differentiation (p<0.05). The expression between Numb and Notch-1 showed negative correlation in colon cancer tissues (r=-0.261, p<0.05). There was no relationship between the expression of Numb and Notch-1 protein in colon cancer and metastatic lymph node tissue (p>0.05).

Conclusion

Numb expression is decreased and Notch-1 expression is increased in colon cancer tissue and metastatic lymph node tissue, suggesting that the interaction between the two proteins may play a promote role in the development, invasion, and metastasis of colon cancer. There was no relationship between the expression of Numb and Notch-1 protein in colon cancer and metastatic lymph node tissue, suggesting that there is no obvious enhancement of the cancer cells; in the process of lymph node metastasis, the degree of malignant biological behavior remains relatively stable.

ZBTB7A as a therapeutic target for cancer

ZBTB7A, alternatively referred to Pokemon, FBI-1, LRF, and OCZF, is classified as a member of POK/ZBTB protein family of transcriptional repressors. ZBTB7A binds to targeted DNA via C-terminal zinc fingers and recruits co-compression complexes through N-terminal BTB ⁄ POZ domain to impede transcription. ZBTB7A regulates a range of fundamental biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, B- and T-lymphocyte fate determination and thymic insulin expression and self-tolerance. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated an important role of ZBTB7A in the initiation and advancement of tumors, thus making ZBTB7A emerge as an appealing target. This review examines the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ZBTB7A in a range of common solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer, as well as hematological malignancies. Notably, the review concludes with a summary of the recent applications of targeting ZBTB7A in clinical treatments through gene silencing, immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic approaches to halt or slow tumor progression. We focus on the functional role and regulatory mechanisms of ZBTB7A in cancer with the goal of providing new insights for the development of more effective cancer therapeutic strategies.

Regulatory T cells crosstalk with tumor cells and endothelium through lymphotoxin signaling

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) with multifaceted functions suppress anti-tumor immunity by signaling surrounding cells. Here we report Tregs use the surface lymphotoxin (LT)α1β2 to preferentially stimulate LT beta receptor (LTβR) nonclassical NFκB signaling on both tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to accelerate tumor growth and metastasis. Selectively targeting LTβR nonclassical NFκB pathway inhibits tumor growth and migration in vitro. Leveraging in vivo Treg LTα1β2 interactions with LTβR on tumor cells and LECs, transfer of wild type but not LTα-/- Tregs promotes B16F10 melanoma growth and tumor cell-derived chemokines in LTβR-/- mice; and increases SOX18 and FLRT2 in lymphatic vessels of LTβR-/- melanoma. Blocking the nonclassical pathway suppresses tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis by reducing chemokine production, restricting Treg recruitment to tumors, and retaining intratumoral IFNγ+ CD8 T cells. Our data reveals that Treg LTα1β2 promotes LTβR nonclassical NFκB signaling in tumor cells and LECs providing a rational strategy to prevent Treg promoted tumor growth and metastasis.

Anti-Amyloid Aggregation and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activities of Novel Ruthenium Uracil Schiff Base Compounds

The formation and characterization of new diamagnetic ruthenium uracil mono-imine compounds: [(η6-p-cymene)RuII(L)Cl][BF4] (L=H2urpda=5-((pyridin-2-yl)methyleneamino)-6-aminouracil) for 1, urdpy=6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)uracil) for 2 or urqda=5-((quinolin-2-yl)methyleneamino)-6-aminouracil) for 3); cis-[Ru(bipy)2(urpy)](BF4)2 (4) (urpy=5-((pyridin-2-yl)methyleneamino)uracil) and cis-[Ru(bipy)2(dapd)] (5) (H2dadp=5,6-diaminouracil) are described. A ruthenium(IV) uracil Schiff base compound, trans-[Ru(urpda)(PPh3)Cl2] (6) was also formed. Various physicochemical techniques were utilized to characterize the novel ruthenium compounds. Similarly, the stabilities of 1-3 and 6 monitored in chloro-containing and the non-coordinating solvent, dichloromethane show that they are kinetically inert, whereas, in a high nucleophilic environment, the chloride co-ligands of these ruthenium complexes were rapidly substituted by DMSO. In contrast, the substitution of the labile co-ligands for these ruthenium complexes by DMSO molecules in a high chloride content was suppressed. Solution chemical reactivities of the different ruthenium complexes were rationalized by density functional theory computations. Furthermore, the binding affinities and strengths between BSA and the respective ruthenium complexes were monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the in vitro anti-diabetic activities of the novel metal complexes were assessed in selected skeletal muscle and liver cell lines.

MiRNA-3163 limits ovarian cancer stem-like cells via targeting SOX-2 transcription factor

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are pivotal in both cancer progression and the acquisition of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in modulating CSC properties and are being explored as potential targets for therapeutic interventions. MiR-3163 is primarily known for its tumor suppressive properties in various human malignancies, with lower expression reported across different cancer types. However, its role in regulating the ovarian CSC phenotype and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we report a remarkable downregulation of miR-3163 in ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs). Enforced expression of miR-3163 in ovarian adherent and CSLCs, significantly disrupts the stemness phenotype. Moreover, downregulation of miR-3163 expression in ovarian cancer cells (OV2008 and OVCAR-3) inhibits the stem-like cells characterized by CD44+CD117+ expression. Sphere formation assay results reveal that overexpression of miR-3163 in ovarian cancer cells significantly inhibits spheroid formation ability, confirming the regulatory properties of miR-3163 on ovarian CSLCs. Mechanistic investigation reveals that miR-3163 depletes ovarian CSLCs via targeting SOX-2. Furthermore, we establish SOX-2 as a direct target of miR-3163 through dual-luciferase assay. Taken together, our study demonstrates that overexpression of miR-3163 could be a promising strategy for efficiently eradicating the CSC population to prevent chemoresistance and tumor relapse in ovarian cancer patients.

Antioxidant effects of a novel pioglitazone analogue (PA9) in a rat model of diabetes: Modulation of redox homeostasis and preservation of tissue architecture

Oxygen-free radicals have been implicated in the initiation of diabetic complications. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), known for their antidiabetic properties, also demonstrate notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Although a recently developed imidazolyl analogue of pioglitazone (PA9) has exhibited superior glucose-lowering efficacy compared to pioglitazone, its antioxidant effects remain unexplored. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant properties of PA9 in animal models with diabetes. Rats were randomly separated into the following four groups: control, diabetic, and two groups treated orally with pioglitazone as a standard drug and PA9 for ten days. Upon completion of the experiment, tissues from the liver, heart, brain, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys were collected to assess oxidant/antioxidant markers and histological alterations. The administration of PA9 resulted in a noteworthy reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the diabetic group (p < 0.05). The group receiving PA9 displayed elevated levels of three antioxidant markers, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol, in pancreatic tissue compared to diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increased content of CAT was evident in the heart (p < 0.05), spleen (p < 0.001), brain, and kidney tissues in the PA9-treated group, along with augmented thiol content in the spleen compared to the diabetic group. Remarkably, no significant histological changes were observed in the liver, pancreas, heart, brain, spleen, and kidneys of the PA9-treated groups relative to diabetic rats. PA9 effectively mitigates oxidative stress, modulates redox homeostasis, and shows promise in preventing diabetic complications. The proven safety profile of this analogue underscores its potential, warranting comprehensive clinical evaluation to thoroughly understand its therapeutic scope and efficacy in the management of diabetes.

Chromene-based compounds as drug candidates for renal and bladder cancer therapy - A systematic review

Renal (RC) and bladder cancers (BC) are common urological malignancies prevalent in the male population. Incidence and mortality rates are expected to increase in the near future. Drug toxicity and development of drug resistance in both diseases are major obstacles to achieve successful treatments. Chromenes are heterocyclic compounds constituted by a benzene ring fused to a pyran nucleus. Natural and synthetic chromene-based compounds have proven to be promising anticancer agents. Additionally, re-sensitization of cancer cells to classical treatments has also been demonstrated. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the potential of chromene-based compounds in the treatment of RC and BC. Study collection was performed in six different databases, to compile existing information on preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies developed to date. Overall, multiple chromene-based compounds showed potent anticancer effects, affecting several biological features such as reduction in cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death. Tumor volume and weight were generally decreased in vivo upon chromene-based treatment. Modest results have been obtained in two clinical trials, with reports of a partial response and two objective responses in RC patients. Thus, the chromene family can be considered an attractive chemical scaffold, harboring promising drug candidates for RC and BC therapeutics.

4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate synergize the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered as a major obstacle in achieving an effective treatment of breast cancer. Paclitaxel has been used to treat cancers of the cervical, breast, ovarian and brain but MDR limits its therapeutic potential. Phytochemicals have received much interest in recent decades especially in combination approaches to tackle MDR due to their negligible harm to healthy cells and synergistic potential. Considering this notion, the present study aimed at investigating the synergistic activity of 4-MTBITC and PTX against a panel of breast cancer cells. Our results revealed that the combination had a significant antiproliferative activity against T-47D cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that 4-MTBITC and PTX also promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In the presence of 4-MTBITC- PTX, T-47D cells were found to be arrested in the G2/M phase which also confirmed the enhancement of late apoptotic cell population in the flow cytometer analysis. In western blot experiment, the combination had a significant decrease in Bcl-xl protein level, whereas a higher level of p53, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 proteins compared to individual treatment in T-47D cells. The RT-qPCR analysis also showed that the combination had significant upregulation in the gene expression of p53, cytochrome-c, Apaf-1 and downregulation in the expression of Bcl-2 gene in T-47D cells. Hence, all the results showed that a combination of 4-MTBITC-PTX significantly enhanced the apoptosis pathway in the T-47D cell line which indicates its clinical application for the treatment of breast cancer.Abbreviations: Apaf-1: Apoptotic protease activating factor 1; AO/EB: Acridine orange/ethidium bromide; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CI: Combination Index; Cyt-c: Cytochrome c; CO2: Carbon dioxide; DCFH-DA 2,7-Dichloroflourescein diacetate; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EA: Early apoptosis; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; L929: Normal mouse fibroblast cells; LA: Late apoptosis; L: Live; 4-MTBITC: 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate; MCF-7: Human breast cancer cells; MDA-MB-231: Human triple negative breast cancer cells; MMP: Mitochondria membrane potential; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide; NCCS: National Centre for Cell Science; N: Necrotic; PTX Paclitaxel; PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride; PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; RPMI-1640: Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium- 1640; RT-qPCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; Rh-123: Rhodamine123; g Relative centrifugal force; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulphate; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; T-47D: Human estrogen positive breast cancer cells; WB: Western blotting.

Opportunities and challenges of foodborne polyphenols applied to anti-aging health foods

Abstract

With the increasing proportion of the global aging population, aging mechanisms and anti-aging strategies become hot topics. Nonetheless, the safety of non-natural anti-aging active molecule and the changes in physiological function that occur during aging have not been clarified. There is therefore a need to develop safer pharmaceutical interventions for anti-aging. Numerous types of research have shown that food-derived biomolecules are of great interest due to their unique contribution to anti-aging safety issues and the prevention of degenerative diseases. Among these, polyphenolic organic compounds are widely used in anti-aging research for their ability to mitigate the physiological functional changes that occur during aging. The mechanisms include the free radical theory, immune aging theory, cellular autophagy theory, epigenetic modification theory, gut microbial effects on aging theory, telomere shortening theory, etc. This review elucidates the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of polyphenols found in food-derived bioactive molecules, while also addressing the challenges associated with anti-aging pharmaceuticals. The review concludes by offering insights into the current landscape of anti-aging active molecule research, aiming to serve as a valuable resource for further scholarly inquiry.

Graphical abstract

Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Two Alkaloids From Piper chaba H. Stem: A Traditional Medicinal Spice and Its Chemico-Pharmacological Aspects

Bangladesh is endowed with an abundance of excellent medicinal plant resources. A well-known traditional medicinal plant Piper chaba H. from the Piperaceae family is rich in bioactive phytochemicals that have antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic effects. This plant is locally known as "Chuijhal," and the stem is used as spices. In the current research program, the stems of the P. chaba plant were selected and its chemical and biological investigations such as antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects were performed. Moreover, docking models were accomplished by exploiting PyRx-Virtual Screening software and implied that isolated compounds of P. chaba exert different pharmacological activity by inhibiting their targeted receptors. Phytochemical investigations revealed the isolation of Chingchengenamide A, a relatively rare alkaloid from the stems of P. chaba. Another alkaloid Chabamide I which is a piperine dimer was also isolated. Their structures were confirmed by comparing these compounds' spectral data (1H and 13C NMR) with their previously published spectral data. Antidiarrheal activity shows a percent reduction of diarrhea by 46.67% and 40%, respectively, for Chabamide I and Chingchengenamide A (at 20 mg/kg b.w.) compared with an 80% reduction by standard loperamide. Similarly, the percent reduction of writhing was 53.06% and 42.86%, respectively, for Chabamide I and Chingchengenamide A at similar doses compared with an 80% reduction by diclofenac sodium considered as standard. Both the alkaloids showed auspicious outcomes against test microorganisms during disk diffusion antimicrobial assay. Molecular docking and ADME/T analysis of the alkaloids also validate a potent pharmacological basis for the traditional utilization of P. chaba in treating diarrhea, pain, and microbial infection. These results emphasize the need to investigate P. chaba as a potential source of natural therapies for common health issues, laying the foundation for future research.

Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of plants used to treat musculoskeletal disorders among Skaw Karen, Thailand

CONTEXT

Musculoskeletal system disorders (MSD) are prevalent around the world affecting the health of people, especially farmers who work hard in the field. Karen farmers use many medicinal plants to treat MSD.

OBJECTIVE

This study collects traditional plant-based remedies used by the Skaw Karen to treat MSD and evaluates their active phytochemical compounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The ethnobotanical study was conducted in six Karen villages in Chiang Mai province using semi-structured interviews were of 120 informants. The data were analyzed using ethnobotanical indices including use values (UV), choice value (CV), and informant consensus factor (ICF). Consequently, the 20 most important species, according to the indices, were selected for phytochemical analysis using LC-MS/MS.

RESULTS

A total of 3731 use reports were obtained for 139 species used in MSD treatment. The most common ailments treated with those plants were muscular pain. A total of 172 high-potential active compounds for MSD treatment were identified. Most of them were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The prevalent phytochemical compounds related to treat MSD were 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, dihydrovaltrate, morroniside, isoacteoside, lithocholic acid, pomiferin, cucurbitacin E, leonuriside A, liriodendrin, and physalin E. Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume (Adoxaceae), Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Betulaceae), Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (Asteraceae), Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) and Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. (Salicaceae) all had high ethnobotanical index values and many active compounds.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

This study provides valuable information, demonstrating low-cost medicine plants that are locally available. It is a choice of treatment for people living in remote areas.

Deciphering the 4',7-Dihydroxy-3'-Methylflavone from Boerhavia, Agonist/Antagonist Interactions Against 5-HT2 Receptors using Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking, and Dynamic Simulation Studies

Seizures, depression, and anxiety are neurological disorders that affected innumerable people worldwide. Recent research has revealed that targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 (5-HT2) receptors can help suppress these conditions. An in-depth literature study has identified that phytocompounds from the Boerhavia genus could reduce seizures. Therefore, homology models of 5-HT2 receptors were generated and validated using techniques such as the alignment of amino acid sequences and the Ramachandran plot. Later, a comparison of modeled structures was made with a non-redundant set of PDB structures. The pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and Lipinski's rule of five shed light on 22 phytocompounds, which are the potential candidates for molecular docking among 127 Boerhavia's bioactive. Notably, molecular docking analysis revealed 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methylflavone as the most potent lead compound, which has a strong binding affinity to all modeled receptors. Additionally, with a remarkably high docking score of -9.1 kcal/mol, 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methylflavone showed promising interactions, particularly with 5-HT2A receptor, as seen from the RMSD, SASA, Rg, and number of hydrogen bonds during 100 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Molecular Mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) further confirmed that 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methylflavone is the best novel phytocompound in Boerhavia genus for 5-HT2 receptor as agonist/antagonist activity against seizures.

Comparative Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis Reveal Shared Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., two nootropics, are recognized in Indian Ayurvedic texts. Studies have attempted to understand their action as memory enhancers and neuroprotectants, but many molecular aspects remain unknown. We propose that Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. share common neuroprotective mechanisms. Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach were used to identify potential protein targets for the metabolites from each extract. Phytochemical analyses and cell culture validation studies were also used to assess apoptosis and ROS activity using aqueous extracts prepared from both herbal powders. Further, docking studies were also performed using the LibDock protocol. Untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach unveiled 2751 shared metabolites and 3439 and 2928 non-redundant metabolites from Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica extracts, respectively, suggesting a potential common neuroprotective mechanism among these extracts. Protein-target prediction highlighted 92.4% similarity among the proteins interacting with metabolites for these extracts. Among them, kinases mapped to MAPK, mTOR, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways represented a predominant population. Our results highlight a significant similarity in the metabolome of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., and their potential protein targets may be attributed to their common neuroprotective functions.

Antibacterial activity and biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sp. PBR19, isolated from forest rhizosphere soil of Assam

An Actinomycetia isolate, designated as PBR19, was derived from the rhizosphere soil of Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS), Assam, India. The isolate, identified as Streptomyces sp., shares a sequence similarity of 93.96% with its nearest type strain, Streptomyces atrovirens. This finding indicates the potential classification of PBR19 as a new taxon within the Actinomycetota phylum. PBR19 displayed notable antibacterial action against some ESKAPE pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract of PBR19 (EtAc-PBR19) showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 0.195 µg/mL against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC BAA-1705. A lower MIC indicates higher potency against the tested pathogen. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) findings revealed significant changes in the cytoplasmic membrane structure of the pathogen. This suggests that the antibacterial activity may be linked to the disruption of the microbial membrane. The predominant chemical compound detected in the EtAc-PBR19 was identified as phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), comprising 48.59% of the area percentage. Additionally, PBR19 was found to contain the type II polyketide synthases (PKS type II) gene associated with antibiotic synthesis. The predicted gene product of PKSII was identified as the macrolide antibiotic Megalomicin A. The taxonomic distinctiveness, potent antibacterial effects, and the presence of a gene associated with antibiotic synthesis suggest that PBR19 could be a valuable candidate for further exploration in drug development and synthetic biology. The study contributes to the broader understanding of microbial diversity and the potential for discovering bioactive compounds in less-explored environments.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that affects over one billion people worldwide. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 4.8 million deaths worldwide. Both diseases activate the innate immune response via the same pathway. Studies have suggested that toxoplasmosis may either protect against or worsen the severity of COVID-19. This meta-analysis investigated the relationship between toxoplasmosis prevalence and COVID-19. The selection of studies was based on a systematic search using specific keywords in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases between 2019 and 2023. The study findings were analyzed using STATA software version 17.0, and the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in people with COVID-19 and its confidence interval were extracted from the selected studies. The study's heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's test. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. The meta-analysis included nine studies with a total of 1745 COVID-19-positive individuals, and the results showed a significant association between toxoplasmosis and COVID-19 severity. The I2 statistic was almost 99 %, indicating large heterogeneity among the studies. The Egger's test showed no publication bias. The pooled prevalence of toxoplasmosis in COVID-19-positive individuals was 0.48 (95 % CI: 0.30-0.66), which was significantly different from that of 0 % (P < 0.001). The meta-analysis found that the prevalence oftoxoplasmosis was significantly higher in individuals with COVID-19 than in the general population, indicating a possible association between the two infections. However, the significant heterogeneity among the studies underscores the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of this association.

Liposomal nano-carriers mediated targeting of liver disorders: mechanisms and applications

Liver disorders present a significant global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment modalities. Liposomal nanocarriers have emerged as promising candidates for targeted drug delivery to the liver. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms and applications of liposomal nanocarriers in addressing various liver disorders. Firstly discussing the liver disorders and the conventional treatment approaches, the review delves into the liposomal structure and composition. Moreover, it tackles the different mechanisms of liposomal targeting including both passive and active strategies. After that, the review moves on to explore the therapeutic potentials of liposomal nanocarriers in treating liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Through discussing recent advancements and envisioning future perspectives, this review highlights the role of liposomal nanocarriers in enhancing the effectiveness and the safety of liver disorders and consequently improving patient outcomes and enhances life quality.

GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide alleviates kidney injury by regulating nuclear translocation of NRF2 in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe renal disorder that arises as a complication of diabetes. Liraglutide, an analogue of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to decrease diabetes-caused renal damage. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of the roles and mechanism remains unclear. In our study, diabetic rat models were created through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The level of fasting blood glucose, 24-h urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were assessed. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was applied to examine the pathological changes in renal tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was measured via dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probes. Western blot was conducted to examine the levels of oxidative stress-related and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins. The nuclear translocation of NRF2 was investigated through immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. We demonstrated that liraglutide attenuated DN-induced oxidative stress and ECM deposition in vitro and in vivo. Liraglutide exerted a reno-protective effect by promoting nuclear translocation of NRF2 in mesangial cells. ML385, an NRF2 inhibitor, counteracted the beneficial impact of liraglutide.

Nutritional and Phytochemical Profiling of Vicia faba L. var. Minor Seeds: a Multifaceted Exploration of Natural Antioxidants and Functional Food Potential

This study explores the nutritional and phytochemical profiling of twenty-three genotypes of Vicia faba L. var. minor seeds cultivated in the experimental field of the Arid Lands Institute of Medenine. Our comprehensive analysis encompasses fatty acid composition, sugar content, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant potential, providing a nuanced understanding of the seeds' nutritive quality. The investigation revealed substantial variations among genotypes, showcasing the potential for targeted nutritional enhancement. Quantification of total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and radical scavenging activities revealed average values of 16.46 mg GAE/g DW, 6.27 mg CTE/g DW, 0.47 mg CE/g DW, and 0.146 mM TEAC, respectively. Notably, the seeds exhibited a low tannin content, a desirable trait for animal feed applications. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed for the identification of phenolic compounds, unearthing the prevalence of quinic acid and flavanols, including catechin (+) and epicatechin. Sugar analysis identified the presence of glucose and sucrose, emphasizing the seeds' unique carbohydrate composition. Gas chromatography elucidated the fatty acid profile, spotlighting prominent components such as palmitic acid (13.87%), stearic acid (3.37%), oleic acid (27.66%), linoleic acid (45.83%), and linolenic acid (3.53%). The findings underscore the seeds' nutritive significance, positioning them as rich sources of natural antioxidants, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. Moreover, the extracts' favorable tannin content positions them as potential candidates for functional food applications, showcasing their promise as sources of bioactive molecules with diverse applications.

Optimization of Parkinson's disease therapy with plant extracts and nutrition's evolving roles

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Death of dopaminergic cells in the SNpc leads to manifestations of motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms of PD. The progression of PD symptoms severely affects the quality of life of patients and poses socio-economic problems to families and society at large. The clinical and neuropathological characteristics of PD are triggered by multiple factors such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein aggregation. Notwithstanding the advancements in pharmacological therapy in PD management, there is burgeoning interest in alternative and complementary approaches, essentially nutrition and plant extracts strategies. This review gives widespread analysis of the role of nutrition and plant extracts in the management of PD. Studies that investigated the effects of various dietary compounds and plant extract on PD symptoms and progression were reviewed from existing literatures. Nutraceuticals, including vitamins and phytochemicals such as Mucuna pruriens have shown potential neuroprotective functions in preclinical and clinical studies. Indeed, these strategies ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, all which are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The neuroprotective mechanisms of nutrition and plant extracts in PD, with emphasis on their capacity to target multiple pathways implicated in PD are discussed. Additionally, challenges and limitations related with translating preclinical findings into clinical practice including standardization of dosing regimens, bioavailability, and inter-individual variability are discussed. Largely, this review elucidates on the role of nutrition and plant extracts as adjunctive therapy in PD management.

The protective effects of fisetin in metabolic disorders: a focus on oxidative stress and associated events

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is increasingly recognized as a significant precursor to various chronic diseases, contributing to a growing public health concern. Its complex pathogenesis involves multiple interrelated mechanisms, with oxidative stress identified as a cornerstone that exacerbates other pathogenic pathways. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress intensifies metabolic disturbances, particularly insulin resistance. Some recent research has focused on fisetin, a natural product known for its potential benefits in diabetes and its associated microvascular and macrovascular complications. This paper compiles a comprehensive collection of findings by reviewing studies conducted over the past decade, detailing dosages, investigated markers, and their respective outcomes. Notably, a recurrent finding was fisetin's ability to enhance Nrf2, a principal regulator of antioxidant defense, in both metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. Furthermore, intriguing results suggest that the effects of Nrf2 extend beyond oxidative stress modulation, demonstrating favorable impacts on tissue-specific functions in metabolic regulation. This highlights fisetin not only as an antioxidant but also as a potential therapeutic agent for improving metabolic health and mitigating the effects of metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, fisetin can enhance the body's antioxidant defenses by modulating the Nrf2 pathway while also improving metabolic health through its effects on inflammation, cell survival, and energy metabolism, offering a comprehensive approach to managing metabolic disorders.

Graphical Abstract

Phytochemical and bioactivities of promising flavonoid glycosides and their content from unmatured fruits of Vicia bungei with their bioactivity

Flavonoids have extensive biological qualities that support human health. A molecular networking strategy produced representative networks despite mass fragmentation of spectra of untargeted data-dependent acquisition approach to target flavonoid glycosides from Vicia bungei by using UHPLC-MS guided isolation. Using contemporary methods, seven chemicals were extracted and identified. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of these isolates were assessed in vitro on free radicals and inflammatory mediators, cytokines, enzymatic proteins. Two active compounds, apigenin 6-C-β-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside, and sphaerobioside, were further assessed for their binding affinity to target protein in in silico study. The molecular mechanism of sphaerobioside was found to involve suppression of LPS-stimulated inflammation by NF-κB inactivation by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65 and prevention of phosphorylation of κB inhibitor α (IκBα) and IκB kinase (IKKα/β). Furthermore, an analytical method was successfully established and employed to quantify the total extract using these seven chemicals present in this plant as markers.

Long Noncoding RNA CRNDE Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression through Targeting miR-136-5p/MIEN1

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). This study examined the potential role of lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) in modulating the expression of migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) through the suppression of miR-136-5p in GC. Methods: The biological roles of CRNDE, miR-136-5p, and MIEN1 in GC were assessed both in laboratory settings and through the examination of clinical samples. Results: CRNDE was found to be significantly increased in GC tissues, and this upregulation was associated with an unfavorable prognosis of GC patients. In vitro experiments showed that inhibiting cell growth and migration, along with promoting apoptosis in GC cells, could be achieved by either disabling CRNDE or MIEN1, or by increasing the expression of miR-136-5p. MIEN1 is a specific recipient of miR-136-5p, and the anticancer effects of miR-136-5p can be counteracted by the increased expression of MIEN1. Through the examination of clinical specimens, it has been observed that there is a significant positive correlation between the expression of MIEN1 and CRNDE. In contrast, miR-136-5p expression in GC tissues shows a negative correlation. Conclusion: A previously unexplored therapeutic target for GC involves the CRNDE/miR-136-5p/MIEN1 signal transduction cascade.

Natural compounds for endometriosis and related chronic pelvic pain: A review

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by significant chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and infertility, adversely affecting the quality of life for many women worldwide. This review aims to synthesize recent findings on natural bioactive compounds derived from various plant sources that exhibit beneficial effects in the management of endometriosis and related CPP. A thorough search of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify studies evaluating the efficacy of natural compounds on endometriosis and related CPP. In alphabetical order, curcumins, ginsenosides, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites showed promising effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pain modulation associated with endometriosis acting on multiple pathways. Most of the selected articles were in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models, with a limited number of clinical trials. The reported natural compounds according to the highlighted multiple bioactivities, might be valuable complementary alternatives as supplements, nutraceuticals, or in advanced personalized nutrition. Further clinical investigations are needed to comprehensively evaluate their therapeutic potential, safety, efficacy and to establish effective treatment protocols.

Determination of antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of Terpinen-4-ol loaded polydopamine nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows with subclinical mastitis

Mastitis in cows is one of the most important diseases that give rise to economic losses in dairy farms. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common causes of mastitis, is a significant health problem. Due to the problems encountered in treating infections caused by resistant strains, developing alternative treatment methods, such as Nanomaterial systems and natural agents, are important. The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia is used as an antibacterial and the primary active component is terpinen-4-ol. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of terpinen-4-ol and terpinen-4-ol loaded polydopamine (T-PDA) nanoparticles against S. aureus isolates, which were resistant to at least one group of antibiotics isolated from milk samples of subclinical mastitis cows. The S. aureus strains were identified by biochemical tests and verified with the API Staph kit. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method. The broth microdilution method determined the antimicrobial activities of the terpinen-4-ol and T-PDA nanoparticles, and anti-biofilm activities were assessed using the modified crystal violet method. All of the isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin and susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Multi-antibiotic resistance was detected in the 11 S. aureus isolates used in this study. For the terpinen-4-ol and T-PDA nanoparticles, MIC values were determined in the range of 0.125-0.5% (µL/mL) and 0.125-0.25% (µL/mL), respectively. None of the isolates formed biofilms. As a result, it was found that the antibacterial efficacy of the T- PDA nanoparticles was higher against nine of the S. aureus isolates than against the terpinen-4-ol.

A comprehensive and systematic review on Curcumin as a promising candidate for the inhibition of melanoma growth: From pre-clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms of action

BACKGROUND

Melanoma, a highly malignant skin tumor, can develop systemic metastases during the early stage. Several studies of melanoma animal models indicate that curcumin, a natural plant extract, inhibits melanoma growth through various mechanisms. To evaluate the relationships among different experimental conditions, curcumin itself, its derivatives, and special formulations, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the potential of Curcumin as a drug for inhibiting the growth of melanoma and to determine the optimal dosage range and treatment duration for Curcumin administration.

METHODS

A systematic search of studies published from inception to December 2023 was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP). Methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE's RoB tool. Study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Publication bias risk was evaluated using a funnel plot. All analyses were performed using R (version 4.3.3). Additionally, three-dimensional effect analysis and machine learning techniques were utilized to determine the optimal dosage range and treatment duration for Curcumin administration.

RESULTS

Forty studies involving 989 animals were included. The results demonstrated that, relative to the control group, administration of Curcumin resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume. [SMD=-3.44; 95 % CI (-4.25, -2.63); P<0.01; I2 = 79 %] and tumor weight [SMD=-1.93; 95 % CI (-2.41, -1.45); P<0.01; I2 = 75 %]. Additionally, Curcumin demonstrated a significant capacity to decrease the number of lung tumor nodules and microangiogenesis, as well as to extend survival time, in animal models. The results from three-dimensional effect analysis and machine learning emphasize that the optimal dosage range for Curcumin is 25-50 mg/kg, with an intervention duration of 10-20 days.

CONCLUSION

Curcumin can inhibit the growth of melanoma, and the dose-response relationship is not linear. However, further large-scale animal and clinical studies are required to confirm these conclusions.

A review of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic polysaccharides: Extraction methods, physicochemical and structure-activity relationships

Nowadays, various plant polysaccharides have been successfully extracted which exhibited strong biological activities and might be useful for diabetes management. However, the effect of extraction methods, physicochemical and the structural-activity relationships of polysaccharides to exhibit antioxidants and antidiabetics were inadequate to explain their mechanism in action. The uses of advance extraction methods might be preferred to obtain higher antioxidants and antidiabetic activities of polysaccharides compared to conventional methods, but the determination of optimal extraction conditions might be crucial to preserve their structure and biological functions. Other than that, the physicochemical and structural properties of polysaccharides were closely related to their biological activities such as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Therefore, this review addressed the research gap of the influence of extraction methods, physicochemical and structural relationships of polysaccharides to biological activities, pointing out the challenges and limitations as well as future prospects to the current findings.

"Protective effects of artichoke extract and Bifidobacterium longum on male infertility in diabetic rats"

Background

Diabetes is a major global health concern and plays a significant role in male infertility and hormonal abnormalities by altering the tissue structure of spermatogenic tubes and decreasing the number of spermatogonia. This study investigated the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L) hydroalcoholic extract and Bifidobacterium longum probiotic on sexual hormones, oxidative stress, apoptosis pathway, and histopathological changes in testicular tissues of diabetic rats to find an adjuvant therapy to manage the infertility complications of diabetes.

Methods

In this experiment, 96 male-rats were randomly selected from eight groups. Control, Sham (normal saline), DM group (IP injected with 60 mg/kg STZ), Cynara (400 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Cynara scolymus L), BBL (received 1 × 109 CFU/ml/day Bifidobacterium longum), DM + Cynara, DM + BBL, and DM + Cynara + BBL groups. After 48 days of orally gavage, serum level of FBS (fasting blood sugar), Malondi-aldehyde (MDA), Total-Anti-Oxidant Capacity (TAC), FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (Luteinizing hormone), Testosterone, Testis mRNA-expressions of Protamin (prm1), BCL2, and Caspase-9 genes, as well as stereological changes were measured.

Results

In comparison to the diabetic group, the hydroalcoholic extract of Cynara scolymus L combined with the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum resulted in a substantial decrease in FBS (p < 0.001) and MDA(p < 0.05) concentrations, and the expression of the Caspase-9 gene (1.33-fold change). In addition, serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, Testosterone were significantly increased (p < 0.05). mRNA expression of protamine (p = 0.016) and BCL2 (0.72-fold change) were detected. Furthermore, in comparison with diabetic rats, the Cynara scolymus L-and Bifidobacterium longum-treated groups showed a significant increase in the number of sexual lineage cells, total weight, sperm count, motility, normal morphology, volume of the testis, and volume and length of seminiferous tubules (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated that Cynara scolymus L extract and Bifidobacterium longum supplement had great therapeutic potential, including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-diabetic, fertility index improvement, and sex hormone modulators.

Coriandrum sativum L. Leaf Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating the AMPK Pathway in High Fat-Fed C57BL/6 Mice

BACKGROUND

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. In recent times, the term NAFLD has been modified to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), reflecting its comprehensive scope encompassing a range of metabolic abnormalities. Coriandrum sativum L. (CS) is a traditional medicine, although the preventive mechanism of CS extracts remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated the preventive effects of CS in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD mice by oral administration of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day of CS extracts for 12 weeks.

RESULTS

The major CS extract compounds were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and isoquercetin. The administration of CS extract suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, liver weight, and the liver/body weight ratio. It improved the mice's serum biological profiles and suppressed HFD-induced lipid droplet and lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipid accumulation-related gene expression in the liver. It modulated HFD-induced Ampk-Srebp1c pathways and suppressed HFD-induced NF-κB pathway activation in the liver. It regulated inflammation and the AMPK alpha signaling pathway in HFD-fed mice by reducing the accumulation of specific amino acids, leading to the amelioration of fatty liver.

CONCLUSIONS

The CS extract prevents HFD-induced MASLD and may help prevent or treat MASLD.