1
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Jevšenak J, Klisz M, Mašek J, Čada V, Janda P, Svoboda M, Vostarek O, Treml V, van der Maaten E, Popa A, Popa I, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Zlatanov T, Scharnweber T, Ahlgrimm S, Stolz J, Sochová I, Roibu CC, Pretzsch H, Schmied G, Uhl E, Kaczka R, Wrzesiński P, Šenfeldr M, Jakubowski M, Tumajer J, Wilmking M, Obojes N, Rybníček M, Lévesque M, Potapov A, Basu S, Stojanović M, Stjepanović S, Vitas A, Arnič D, Metslaid S, Neycken A, Prislan P, Hartl C, Ziche D, Horáček P, Krejza J, Mikhailov S, Světlík J, Kalisty A, Kolář T, Lavnyy V, Hordo M, Oberhuber W, Levanič T, Mészáros I, Schneider L, Lehejček J, Shetti R, Bošeľa M, Copini P, Koprowski M, Sass-Klaassen U, Izmir ŞC, Bakys R, Entner H, Esper J, Janecka K, Martinez Del Castillo E, Verbylaite R, Árvai M, de Sauvage JC, Čufar K, Finner M, Hilmers T, Kern Z, Novak K, Ponjarac R, Puchałka R, Schuldt B, Škrk Dolar N, Tanovski V, Zang C, Žmegač A, Kuithan C, Metslaid M, Thurm E, Hafner P, Krajnc L, Bernabei M, Bojić S, Brus R, Burger A, D'Andrea E, Đorem T, Gławęda M, Gričar J, Gutalj M, Horváth E, Kostić S, Matović B, Merela M, Miletić B, Morgós A, Paluch R, Pilch K, Rezaie N, Rieder J, Schwab N, Sewerniak P, Stojanović D, Ullmann T, Waszak N, Zin E, Skudnik M, Oštir K, Rammig A, Buras A. Incorporating high-resolution climate, remote sensing and topographic data to map annual forest growth in central and eastern Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169692. [PMID: 38160816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To enhance our understanding of forest carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation and drought impact on forest ecosystems, the availability of high-resolution annual forest growth maps based on tree-ring width (TRW) would provide a significant advancement to the field. Site-specific characteristics, which can be approximated by high-resolution Earth observation by satellites (EOS), emerge as crucial drivers of forest growth, influencing how climate translates into tree growth. EOS provides information on surface reflectance related to forest characteristics and thus can potentially improve the accuracy of forest growth models based on TRW. Through the modelling of TRW using EOS, climate and topography data, we showed that species-specific models can explain up to 52 % of model variance (Quercus petraea), while combining different species results in relatively poor model performance (R2 = 13 %). The integration of EOS into models based solely on climate and elevation data improved the explained variance by 6 % on average. Leveraging these insights, we successfully generated a map of annual TRW for the year 2021. We employed the area of applicability (AOA) approach to delineate the range in which our models are deemed valid. The calculated AOA for the established forest-type models was 73 % of the study region, indicating robust spatial applicability. Notably, unreliable predictions predominantly occurred in the climate margins of our dataset. In conclusion, our large-scale assessment underscores the efficacy of combining climate, EOS and topographic data to develop robust models for mapping annual TRW. This research not only fills a critical void in the current understanding of forest growth dynamics but also highlights the potential of integrated data sources for comprehensive ecosystem assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Jevšenak
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department for Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia.
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Poland
| | - Jiří Mašek
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Janda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vostarek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrei Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Romania; Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Romania
| | | | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | - Svenja Ahlgrimm
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | - Juliane Stolz
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Forest Planning/Forest Research/Information Systems, Research Unit Silviculture and Forest Growth, Landesforst Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Irena Sochová
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Cătălin-Constantin Roibu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmied
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Enno Uhl
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Germany
| | - Ryszard Kaczka
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Wrzesiński
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Poland
| | - Martin Šenfeldr
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Jakubowski
- Department of Forest Utilisation, Faculty of Forest and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Jan Tumajer
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wilmking
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | | | - Michal Rybníček
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Mathieu Lévesque
- Silviculture Group, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Potapov
- Chair of Forest and Land Management and Wood Processing Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Soham Basu
- Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Stjepanović
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Domen Arnič
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Metslaid
- Chair of Forest and Land Management and Wood Processing Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Anna Neycken
- Silviculture Group, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Claudia Hartl
- Nature Rings - Environmental Research and Education, Germany; Panel on Planetary Thinking, Justus-Liebig-University, Germany
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Germany
| | - Petr Horáček
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sergei Mikhailov
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Světlík
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomáš Kolář
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Vasyl Lavnyy
- Department of Silviculture, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Ukraine
| | - Maris Hordo
- Chair of Forest and Land Management and Wood Processing Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | | | - Tom Levanič
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Slovenia
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lea Schneider
- Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig-University, Germany
| | - Jiří Lehejček
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Czech Republic
| | - Rohan Shetti
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bošeľa
- Department of Forest Management Planning and Informatics, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Paul Copini
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management (FEM), Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Marcin Koprowski
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland; Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management (FEM), Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; van Hall Larenstein Applied University, the Netherlands
| | - Şule Ceyda Izmir
- Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
| | - Remigijus Bakys
- Department of Forestry, Kaunas Forestry and Environmental Engineering University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Hannes Entner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Karolina Janecka
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany; Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rita Verbylaite
- Department of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Lithuania
| | - Mátyás Árvai
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungary
| | | | - Katarina Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markus Finner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Torben Hilmers
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Zoltán Kern
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klemen Novak
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radenko Ponjarac
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Radosław Puchałka
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland; Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | | | - Nina Škrk Dolar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Tanovski
- Hans Em, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Christian Zang
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Germany
| | - Anja Žmegač
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Germany
| | - Cornell Kuithan
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Marek Metslaid
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Eric Thurm
- Department of Forest Planning/Forest Research/Information Systems, Research Unit Silviculture and Forest Growth, Landesforst Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Polona Hafner
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Luka Krajnc
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Mauro Bernabei
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Stefan Bojić
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Robert Brus
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas Burger
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre - NBFC, Italy
| | - Todor Đorem
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mariusz Gławęda
- Stefan Żeromski High School No 2 with Bilingual Departments in Sieradz, Poland
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gutalj
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Saša Kostić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bratislav Matović
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maks Merela
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boban Miletić
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Rafał Paluch
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute (IBL), Poland
| | - Kamil Pilch
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute (IBL), Poland
| | - Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy
| | | | - Niels Schwab
- Centre for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Institute of Geography, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Dejan Stojanović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tobias Ullmann
- Department of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nella Waszak
- Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Ewa Zin
- Dendrolab IBL, Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute (IBL), Poland; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Mitja Skudnik
- Department for Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia; Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Oštir
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Allan Buras
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Di Fiore L, Brunetti M, Baliva M, Förster M, Heinrich I, Piovesan G, Di Filippo A. Modelling Fagus sylvatica stem growth along a wide thermal gradient in Italy by incorporating dendroclimatic classification and land surface phenology metrics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2433-2448. [PMID: 36241912 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calibrating land surface phenology (LSP) with tree rings is important to model spatio-temporal variations in forest productivity. We used MODIS (resolution: 250 m) NDVI, WDRVI and EVI series 2000-2014 to derive LSP metrics quantifying phenophase timing and canopy photosynthetic rates of 26 European beech forests covering a large thermal gradient (5-16 °C) in Italy. Average phenophase timing changed greatly with site temperature (e.g. growing season 70 days longer at low- than high-elevation); average VI values were affected by precipitation. An annual temperature about 12 °C (c. 1100 m asl) represented a bioclimatic threshold dividing warm from cold beech forests, distinguished by different phenology-BAI (basal area increment) relationships and LSP trends. Cold forests showed decreasing VI values (browning) and delayed phenophases and had negative BAI slopes. Warmer forests tended to increase VI (greening), and positive BAI slopes. NDVI peak, commonly used in global trend assessments, changed with elevation in agreement with changes in wood production. A cross-validation modelling approach demonstrated the ability of LSP to predict average BAI and its interannual variability. Merging sites into bioclimatic groups improved models by amplifying the signal in growth or LSP. NDVI had highest performances when informing on BAI trends; WDRVI and EVI were mostly selected for modelling mean and interannual BAI. WDRVI association with tree rings, tested in this study for the first time, showed that this VI is highly promising for studying forest dynamics. MODIS LSP can quantify forest functioning changes across landscapes and model interannual spatial variations and trends in productivity dynamics under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Fiore
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), Università Della Tuscia, Via SC de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michele Brunetti
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, ISAC-CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baliva
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), Università Della Tuscia, Via SC de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università Della Tuscia, Via SC de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michael Förster
- Geoinformation for Environmental Planning Lab, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.3'Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution', Potsdam, Germany
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeology Institute DAI, Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università Della Tuscia, Via SC de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Filippo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), Università Della Tuscia, Via SC de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Gea‐Izquierdo G, Sánchez‐González M. Forest disturbances and climate constrain carbon allocation dynamics in trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4342-4358. [PMID: 35322511 PMCID: PMC9541293 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest disturbances such as drought, fire, and logging affect the forest carbon dynamics and the terrestrial carbon sink. Forest mortality after disturbances creates uncertainties that need to be accounted for to understand forest dynamics and their associated C-sink. We combined data from permanent resampling plots and biomass oriented dendroecological plots to estimate time series of annual woody biomass growth (ABI) in several forests. ABI time series were used to benchmark a vegetation model to analyze dynamics in forest productivity and carbon allocation forced by environmental variability. The model implements source and sink limitations explicitly by dynamically constraining carbon allocation of assimilated photosynthates as a function of temperature and moisture. Bias in tree-ring reconstructed ABI increased back in time from data collection and with increasing disturbance intensity. ABI bias ranged from zero, in open stands without recorded mortality, to over 100% in stands with major disturbances such as thinning or snowstorms. Stand leaf area was still lower than in control plots decades after heavy thinning. Disturbances, species life-history strategy and climatic variability affected carbon-partitioning patterns in trees. Resprouting broadleaves reached maximum biomass growth at earlier ages than nonresprouting conifers. Environmental variability and leaf area explained much variability in woody biomass allocation. Effects of stand competition on C-allocation were mediated by changes in stand leaf area except after major disturbances. Divergence between tree-ring estimated and simulated ABI were caused by unaccounted changes in allocation or misrepresentation of some functional process independently of the model calibration approach. Higher disturbance intensity produced greater modifications of the C-allocation pattern, increasing error in reconstructed biomass dynamics. Legacy effects from disturbances decreased model performance and reduce the potential use of ABI as a proxy to net primary productivity. Trait-based dynamics of C-allocation in response to environmental variability need to be refined in vegetation models.
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4
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Gazol A, Camarero JJ, Sánchez-Salguero R, Zavala MA, Serra-Maluquer X, Gutiérrez E, de Luis M, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Novak K, Rozas V, Tíscar PA, Linares JC, Martínez Del Castillo E, Ribas M, García-González I, Silla F, Camison Á, Génova M, Olano JM, Hereş AM, Yuste JC, Longares LA, Hevia A, Galván JD, Ruiz-Benito P. Tree growth response to drought partially explains regional-scale growth and mortality patterns in Iberian forests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2589. [PMID: 35333426 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree-ring data has been widely used to inform about tree growth responses to drought at the individual scale, but less is known about how tree growth sensitivity to drought scales up driving changes in forest dynamics. Here, we related tree-ring growth chronologies and stand-level forest changes in basal area from two independent data sets to test if tree-ring responses to drought match stand forest dynamics (stand basal area growth, ingrowth, and mortality). We assessed if tree growth and changes in forest basal area covary as a function of spatial scale and tree taxa (gymnosperm or angiosperm). To this end, we compared a tree-ring network with stand data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory. We focused on the cumulative impact of drought on tree growth and demography in the period 1981-2005. Drought years were identified by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and their impacts on tree growth by quantifying tree-ring width reductions. We hypothesized that forests with greater drought impacts on tree growth will also show reduced stand basal area growth and ingrowth and enhanced mortality. This is expected to occur in forests dominated by gymnosperms on drought-prone regions. Cumulative growth reductions during dry years were higher in forests dominated by gymnosperms and presented a greater magnitude and spatial autocorrelation than for angiosperms. Cumulative drought-induced tree growth reductions and changes in forest basal area were related, but initial stand density and basal area were the main factors driving changes in basal area. In drought-prone gymnosperm forests, we observed that sites with greater growth reductions had lower stand basal area growth and greater mortality. Consequently, stand basal area, forest growth, and ingrowth in regions with large drought impacts was significantly lower than in regions less impacted by drought. Tree growth sensitivity to drought can be used as a predictor of gymnosperm demographic rates in terms of stand basal area growth and ingrowth at regional scales, but further studies may try to disentangle how initial stand density modulates such relationships. Drought-induced growth reductions and their cumulative impacts have strong potential to be used as early-warning indicators of regional forest vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Universitario, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín de Luis
- Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio - IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
- EiFAB-iuFOR, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Klemen Novak
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Rozas
- EiFAB-iuFOR, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Pedro A Tíscar
- Centro de Capacitación y Experimentación Forestal, Cazorla, Spain
| | - Juan C Linares
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Montse Ribas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-González
- Departamento de Botánica, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Silla
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Camison
- Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Mar Génova
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Olano
- EiFAB-iuFOR, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Curiel Yuste
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis A Longares
- Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio - IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Hevia
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Universitario, Madrid, Spain
- Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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5
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Heilman KA, Dietze MC, Arizpe AA, Aragon J, Gray A, Shaw JD, Finley AO, Klesse S, DeRose RJ, Evans MEK. Ecological forecasting of tree growth: Regional fusion of tree-ring and forest inventory data to quantify drivers and characterize uncertainty. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2442-2460. [PMID: 35023229 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Robust ecological forecasting of tree growth under future climate conditions is critical to anticipate future forest carbon storage and flux. Here, we apply three ingredients of ecological forecasting that are key to improving forecast skill: data fusion, confronting model predictions with new data, and partitioning forecast uncertainty. Specifically, we present the first fusion of tree-ring and forest inventory data within a Bayesian state-space model at a multi-site, regional scale, focusing on Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera in the southwestern US. Leveraging the complementarity of these two data sources, we parsed the ecological complexity of tree growth into the effects of climate, tree size, stand density, site quality, and their interactions, and quantified uncertainties associated with these effects. New measurements of trees, an ongoing process in forest inventories, were used to confront forecasts of tree diameter with observations, and evaluate alternative tree growth models. We forecasted tree diameter and increment in response to an ensemble of climate change projections, and separated forecast uncertainty into four different causes: initial conditions, parameters, climate drivers, and process error. We found a strong negative effect of fall-spring maximum temperature, and a positive effect of water-year precipitation on tree growth. Furthermore, tree vulnerability to climate stress increases with greater competition, with tree size, and at poor sites. Under future climate scenarios, we forecast increment declines of 22%-117%, while the combined effect of climate and size-related trends results in a 56%-91% decline. Partitioning of forecast uncertainty showed that diameter forecast uncertainty is primarily caused by parameter and initial conditions uncertainty, but increment forecast uncertainty is mostly caused by process error and climate driver uncertainty. This fusion of tree-ring and forest inventory data lays the foundation for robust ecological forecasting of aboveground biomass and carbon accounting at tree, plot, and regional scales, including iterative improvement of model skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Heilman
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael C Dietze
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexis A Arizpe
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacob Aragon
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew Gray
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - John D Shaw
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew O Finley
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Stefan Klesse
- Department of Forest Dynamics, Department of Forest Resources and Management, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - R Justin DeRose
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Margaret E K Evans
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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6
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Towards a More Realistic Simulation of Plant Species with a Dynamic Vegetation Model Using Field-Measured Traits: The Atlas Cedar, a Case Study. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Improving the model-based predictions of plant species under a projected climate is essential to better conserve our biodiversity. However, the mechanistic link between climatic variation and plant response at the species level remains relatively poorly understood and not accurately developed in Dynamic Vegetation Models (DVMs). We investigated the acclimation to climate of Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar), an endemic endangered species from northwestern African mountains, in order to improve the ability of a DVM to simulate tree growth under climatic gradients. Our results showed that the specific leaf area, leaf C:N and sapwood C:N vary across the range of the species in relation to climate. Using the model parameterized with the three traits varying with climate could improve the simulated local net primary productivity (NPP) when compared to the model parameterized with fixed traits. Quantifying the influence of climate on traits and including these variations in DVMs could help to better anticipate the consequences of climate change on species dynamics and distributions. Additionally, the simulation with computed traits showed dramatic drops in NPP over the course of the 21st century. This finding is in line with other studies suggesting the decline in the species in the Rif Mountains, owing to increasing water stress.
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7
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Anderson‐Teixeira KJ, Herrmann V, Rollinson CR, Gonzalez B, Gonzalez‐Akre EB, Pederson N, Alexander MR, Allen CD, Alfaro‐Sánchez R, Awada T, Baltzer JL, Baker PJ, Birch JD, Bunyavejchewin S, Cherubini P, Davies SJ, Dow C, Helcoski R, Kašpar J, Lutz JA, Margolis EQ, Maxwell JT, McMahon SM, Piponiot C, Russo SE, Šamonil P, Sniderhan AE, Tepley AJ, Vašíčková I, Vlam M, Zuidema PA. Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived from tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:245-266. [PMID: 34653296 PMCID: PMC9298236 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings provide an invaluable long-term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree-ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously test effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth. This has limited the potential to test ecologically relevant hypotheses on tree growth sensitivity to environmental drivers and their interactions with tree size. Here, we develop and apply a new method to simultaneously model nonlinear effects of primary climate drivers, reconstructed tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and calendar year in generalized least squares models that account for the temporal autocorrelation inherent to each individual tree's growth. We analyze data from 3811 trees representing 40 species at 10 globally distributed sites, showing that precipitation, temperature, DBH, and calendar year have additively, and often interactively, influenced annual growth over the past 120 years. Growth responses were predominantly positive to precipitation (usually over ≥3-month seasonal windows) and negative to temperature (usually maximum temperature, over ≤3-month seasonal windows), with concave-down responses in 63% of relationships. Climate sensitivity commonly varied with DBH (45% of cases tested), with larger trees usually more sensitive. Trends in ring width at small DBH were linked to the light environment under which trees established, but basal area or biomass increments consistently reached maxima at intermediate DBH. Accounting for climate and DBH, growth rate declined over time for 92% of species in secondary or disturbed stands, whereas growth trends were mixed in older forests. These trends were largely attributable to stand dynamics as cohorts and stands age, which remain challenging to disentangle from global change drivers. By providing a parsimonious approach for characterizing multiple interacting drivers of tree growth, our method reveals a more complete picture of the factors influencing growth than has previously been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Bianca Gonzalez
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Erika B. Gonzalez‐Akre
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | - M. Ross Alexander
- Midwest Dendro LLCNapervilleIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
Decision and Infrastructure SciencesArgonne National LaboratoryLamontIllinoisUSA
| | - Craig D. Allen
- Department of Geography & Environmental StudiesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Patrick J. Baker
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesUniversity of MelbourneRichmondVIC.Australia
| | | | | | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Cameron Dow
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Ryan Helcoski
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | - James A. Lutz
- S. J. & Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ellis Q. Margolis
- Fort Collins Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyNew Mexico Landscapes Field StationLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Sean M. McMahon
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Camille Piponiot
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
- CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of NebraskaLincolnUSA
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Alan J. Tepley
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Canadian Forest ServiceNorthern Forestry CentreEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Ivana Vašíčková
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningenThe Netherlands
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8
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Evans MEK, DeRose RJ, Klesse S, Girardin MP, Heilman KA, Alexander MR, Arsenault A, Babst F, Bouchard M, Cahoon SMP, Campbell EM, Dietze M, Duchesne L, Frank DC, Giebink CL, Gómez-Guerrero A, García GG, Hogg EH, Metsaranta J, Ols C, Rayback SA, Reid A, Ricker M, Schaberg PG, Shaw JD, Sullivan PF, GaytÁn SAV. Adding Tree Rings to North America's National Forest Inventories: An Essential Tool to Guide Drawdown of Atmospheric CO2. Bioscience 2021; 72:233-246. [PMID: 35241971 PMCID: PMC8888126 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree-ring time series provide long-term, annually resolved information on the growth of trees. When sampled in a systematic context, tree-ring data can be scaled to estimate the forest carbon capture and storage of landscapes, biomes, and—ultimately—the globe. A systematic effort to sample tree rings in national forest inventories would yield unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution of forest carbon dynamics and help resolve key scientific uncertainties, which we highlight in terms of evidence for forest greening (enhanced growth) versus browning (reduced growth, increased mortality). We describe jump-starting a tree-ring collection across the continent of North America, given the commitments of Canada, the United States, and Mexico to visit forest inventory plots, along with existing legacy collections. Failing to do so would be a missed opportunity to help chart an evidence-based path toward meeting national commitments to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions, urgently needed for climate stabilization and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E K Evans
- Assistant professor, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - R Justin DeRose
- Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States
| | - Stefan Klesse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kelly A Heilman
- Postdoctoral researcher, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - André Arsenault
- Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Corner Brook, Labrador, Canada
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources, Environment at University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Mathieu Bouchard
- Department of Wood Science and Forestry, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sean M P Cahoon
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Campbell
- Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Dietze
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Louis Duchesne
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune, et des Parcs du Québec, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - David C Frank
- Professor and the director, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Courtney L Giebink
- Graduate student, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Genaro Gutiérrez García
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edward H Hogg
- Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Clémentine Ols
- Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière, Nancy, France
| | - Shelly A Rayback
- Department of Geography, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Anya Reid
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Ricker
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paul G Schaberg
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - John D Shaw
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah, United States
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9
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Raiho AM, Nicklen EF, Foster AC, Roland CA, Hooten MB. Bridging implementation gaps to connect large ecological datasets and complex models. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18271-18287. [PMID: 35003672 PMCID: PMC8717344 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Merging robust statistical methods with complex simulation models is a frontier for improving ecological inference and forecasting. However, bringing these tools together is not always straightforward. Matching data with model output, determining starting conditions, and addressing high dimensionality are some of the complexities that arise when attempting to incorporate ecological field data with mechanistic models directly using sophisticated statistical methods. To illustrate these complexities and pragmatic paths forward, we present an analysis using tree-ring basal area reconstructions in Denali National Park (DNPP) to constrain successional trajectories of two spruce species (Picea mariana and Picea glauca) simulated by a forest gap model, University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced-UVAFME. Through this process, we provide preliminary ecological inference about the long-term competitive dynamics between slow-growing P. mariana and relatively faster-growing P. glauca. Incorporating tree-ring data into UVAFME allowed us to estimate a bias correction for stand age with improved parameter estimates. We found that higher parameter values for P. mariana minimum growth under stress and P. glauca maximum growth rate were key to improving simulations of coexistence, agreeing with recent research that faster-growing P. glauca may outcompete P. mariana under climate change scenarios. The implementation challenges we highlight are a crucial part of the conversation for how to bring models together with data to improve ecological inference and forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Raiho
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - E. Fleur Nicklen
- Denali National Park and PreserveNational Park ServiceFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | - Adrianna C. Foster
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Carl A. Roland
- Denali National Park and PreserveNational Park ServiceFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of StatisticsColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitU.S. Geological SurveyFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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10
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Martin-Benito D, Pederson N, Férriz M, Gea-Izquierdo G. Old forests and old carbon: A case study on the stand dynamics and longevity of aboveground carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142737. [PMID: 33572037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most information on the ecology of oak-dominated forests in Europe comes from forests altered for centuries because remnants of old-growth forests are rare. Disturbance and recruitment regimes in old-growth forests provide information on forest dynamics and their effects on long-term carbon storage. In an old-growth Quercus petraea forest in northwestern Spain, we inventoried three plots and extracted cores from 166 live and dead trees across canopy classes (DBH ≥ 5 cm). We reconstructed disturbance dynamics for the last 500 years from tree-ring widths. We also reconstructed past dynamics of above ground biomass (AGB) and recent AGB accumulation rates at stand level using allometric equations. From these data, we present a new tree-ring-based approach to estimate the age of carbon stored in AGB. The oldest tree was at least 568 years, making it the oldest known precisely-dated oak to date and one of the oldest broadleaved trees in the Northern Hemisphere. All plots contained trees over 400 years old. The disturbance regime was dominated by small, frequent releases with just a few more intense disturbances that affected ≤20% of trees. Oak recruitment was variable but rather continuous for 500 years. Carbon turnover times ranged between 153 and 229 years and mean carbon ages between 108 and 167 years. Over 50% of AGB (150 Mg·ha-1) persisted ≥100 years and up to 21% of AGB (77 Mg·ha-1) ≥300 years. Low disturbance rates and low productivity maintained current canopy oak dominance. Absence of management or stand-replacing disturbances over the last 500 years resulted in high forest stability, long carbon turnover times and long mean carbon ages. Observed dynamics and the absence of shade-tolerant species suggest that oak dominance could continue in the future. Our estimations of long-term carbon storage at centennial scales in unmanaged old-growth forests highlights the importance of management and natural disturbances for the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
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11
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Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Oecologia 2021; 197:1095-1110. [PMID: 33743068 PMCID: PMC8591026 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth is crucial for ecotones, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and intrinsic WUE (iWUE) at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant iWUE increased by ~ 16–23% over the course of the twentieth century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher iWUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to ~ 35–41% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. This decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, while higher iWUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of about 50%.
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12
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Walker AP, De Kauwe MG, Bastos A, Belmecheri S, Georgiou K, Keeling RF, McMahon SM, Medlyn BE, Moore DJP, Norby RJ, Zaehle S, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Battipaglia G, Brienen RJW, Cabugao KG, Cailleret M, Campbell E, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Craig ME, Ellsworth DS, Farquhar GD, Fatichi S, Fisher JB, Frank DC, Graven H, Gu L, Haverd V, Heilman K, Heimann M, Hungate BA, Iversen CM, Joos F, Jiang M, Keenan TF, Knauer J, Körner C, Leshyk VO, Leuzinger S, Liu Y, MacBean N, Malhi Y, McVicar TR, Penuelas J, Pongratz J, Powell AS, Riutta T, Sabot MEB, Schleucher J, Sitch S, Smith WK, Sulman B, Taylor B, Terrer C, Torn MS, Treseder KK, Trugman AT, Trumbore SE, van Mantgem PJ, Voelker SL, Whelan ME, Zuidema PA. Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO 2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2413-2445. [PMID: 32789857 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2 ]) is increasing, which increases leaf-scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water-use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2 ] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2 ]-driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2 ] (iCO2 ) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre-industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2 , albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ana Bastos
- Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Soumaya Belmecheri
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katerina Georgiou
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ralph F Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, 1064 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, MRC 5535, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università della Campania, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | | | - Kristine G Cabugao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- INRAE, UMR RECOVER, Aix-Marseille Université, 3275 route de Cézanne, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 5, 13182, France
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Elliott Campbell
- Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Josep G Canadell
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Matthew E Craig
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Simone Fatichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini Platz 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - David C Frank
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Heather Graven
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Vanessa Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Kelly Heilman
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Martin Heimann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Knauer
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Victor O Leshyk
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Sebastian Leuzinger
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yao Liu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Natasha MacBean
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Tim R McVicar
- CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, 142 Mills Rd, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Shafer Powell
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Terhi Riutta
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Manon E B Sabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Juergen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Umeå University, Umea, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Laver Building, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - William K Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, 1064 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin Sulman
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Benton Taylor
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - César Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Margaret S Torn
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, 1832 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016, USA
| | - Susan E Trumbore
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | | | - Steve L Voelker
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mary E Whelan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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13
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Rollinson CR, Alexander MR, Dye AW, Moore DJP, Pederson N, Trouet V. Climate sensitivity of understory trees differs from overstory trees in temperate mesic forests. Ecology 2020; 102:e03264. [PMID: 33325555 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The response of understory trees to climate variability is key to understanding current and future forest dynamics. However, analyses of climatic effects on tree growth have primarily focused on the upper canopy, leaving understory dynamics unresolved. We analyzed differences in climate sensitivity based on canopy position of four common tree species (Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus rubra, and Tsuga canadensis) using growth information from 1,084 trees across eight sites in the northeastern United States. Effects of canopy position on climate response varied, but were significant and often nonlinear, for all four species. Compared to overstory trees, understory trees showed stronger reductions in growth at high temperatures and varied shifts in precipitation response. This contradicts the prevailing assumption that climate responses, particularly to temperature, of understory trees are buffered by the overstory. Forest growth trajectories are uncertain in compositionally and structurally complex forests, and future demography and regeneration dynamics may be misinferred if not all canopy levels are represented in future forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex W Dye
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts, 01366, USA
| | - Valerie Trouet
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
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14
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Finzi AC, Giasson M, Barker Plotkin AA, Aber JD, Boose ER, Davidson EA, Dietze MC, Ellison AM, Frey SD, Goldman E, Keenan TF, Melillo JM, Munger JW, Nadelhoffer KJ, Ollinger SV, Orwig DA, Pederson N, Richardson AD, Savage K, Tang J, Thompson JR, Williams CA, Wofsy SC, Zhou Z, Foster DR. Carbon budget of the Harvard Forest Long‐Term Ecological Research site: pattern, process, and response to global change. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien C. Finzi
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts02215 USA
| | | | | | - John D. Aber
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - Emery R. Boose
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Eric A. Davidson
- Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Frostburg Maryland21532 USA
| | - Michael C. Dietze
- Department of Earth & Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts02215 USA
| | - Aaron M. Ellison
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Serita D. Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - Evan Goldman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts02138 USA
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California94720 USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management UC Berkeley Berkeley California94720 USA
| | - Jerry M. Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts02543 USA
| | - J. William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts02138 USA
| | - Knute J. Nadelhoffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan48109 USA
| | - Scott V. Ollinger
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
- Earth Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - David A. Orwig
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Andrew D. Richardson
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011 USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011 USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woods Hole Research Center 149 Woods Hole Road Falmouth Massachusetts02540 USA
| | - Jianwu Tang
- The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts02543 USA
| | | | - Christopher A. Williams
- Graduate School of Geography and Department of Biology Clark University Worcester Massachusetts01610 USA
| | - Steven C. Wofsy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts02138 USA
| | - Zaixing Zhou
- Earth Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - David R. Foster
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
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15
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Tei S, Sugimoto A. Excessive positive response of model-simulated land net primary production to climate changes over circumboreal forests. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:102-121. [PMID: 37283728 PMCID: PMC10168094 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Land carbon cycle components in an Earth system model (ESM) play a crucial role in the projections of forest ecosystem responses to climate/environmental changes. Evaluating models from the viewpoint of observations is essential for an improved understanding of model performance and for identifying uncertainties in their outputs. Herein, we evaluated the land net primary production (NPP) for circumboreal forests simulated with 10 ESMs in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project by comparisons with observation-based indexes for forest productivity, namely, the composite version 3G of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3g) and tree-ring width index (RWI). These indexes show similar patterns in response to past climate change over the forests, i.e., a one-year time lag response and smaller positive responses to past climate changes in comparison with the land NPP simulated by the ESMs. The latter showed overly positive responses to past temperature and/or precipitation changes in comparison with the NDVI3g and RWI. These results indicate that ESMs may overestimate the future forest NPP of circumboreal forests (particularly for inland dry regions, such as inner Alaska and Canada, and eastern Siberia, and for hotter, southern regions, such as central Europe) under the expected increases in both average global temperature and precipitation, which are common to all current ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tei
- Arctic Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Atsuko Sugimoto
- Arctic Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Graduate School of Environmental ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Global Station for Arctic ResearchGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and EducationHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- North‐Eastern Federal UniversityYakutskRussia
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16
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Peters RL, von Arx G, Nievergelt D, Ibrom A, Stillhard J, Trotsiuk V, Mazurkiewicz A, Babst F. Axial changes in wood functional traits have limited net effects on stem biomass increment in European beech (Fagus sylvatica). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:498-510. [PMID: 32031220 PMCID: PMC7182063 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the growing season, trees allocate photoassimilates to increase their aboveground woody biomass in the stem (ABIstem). This 'carbon allocation' to structural growth is a dynamic process influenced by internal and external (e.g., climatic) drivers. While radial variability in wood formation and its resulting structure have been intensively studied, their variability along tree stems and subsequent impacts on ABIstem remain poorly understood. We collected wood cores from mature trees within a fixed plot in a well-studied temperate Fagus sylvatica L. forest. For a subset of trees, we performed regular interval sampling along the stem to elucidate axial variability in ring width (RW) and wood density (ρ), and the resulting effects on tree- and plot-level ABIstem. Moreover, we measured wood anatomical traits to understand the anatomical basis of ρ and the coupling between changes in RW and ρ during drought. We found no significant axial variability in ρ because an increase in the vessel-to-fiber ratio with smaller RW compensated for vessel tapering towards the apex. By contrast, temporal variability in RW varied significantly along the stem axis, depending on the growing conditions. Drought caused a more severe growth decrease, and wetter summers caused a disproportionate growth increase at the stem base compared with the top. Discarding this axial variability resulted in a significant overestimation of tree-level ABIstem in wetter and cooler summers, but this bias was reduced to ~2% when scaling ABIstem to the plot level. These results suggest that F. sylvatica prioritizes structural carbon sinks close to the canopy when conditions are unfavorable. The different axial variability in RW and ρ thereby indicates some independence of the processes that drive volume growth and wood structure along the stem. This refines our knowledge of carbon allocation dynamics in temperate diffuse-porous species and contributes to reducing uncertainties in determining forest carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Peters
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nievergelt
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Air, Land and Water Resources Section, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Stillhard
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcka Cesta 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandra Mazurkiewicz
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Flurin Babst
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
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Kannenberg SA, Schwalm CR, Anderegg WRL. Ghosts of the past: how drought legacy effects shape forest functioning and carbon cycling. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:891-901. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Maffra CRB. CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA, ESTRUTURAL E QUALITATIVA DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL, NA REGIÃO NORTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2019. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2019v13n3p207-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização florística, estrutural e qualitativa de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Decidual, na região do Alto Uruguai, em Frederico Westphalen-RS. Para a amostragem da vegetação foi instalada uma parcela permanente de 100 x 100 m, composta por 100 subunidades de 10 x 10 m. Todos os indivíduos com CAP≥31,4 foram mensurados e identificados em gênero, espécie e família botânica. A estrutura foi caracterizada quanto à densidade, dominância, frequência e índice de valor de importância. Na caracterização qualitativa, os fustes foram qualificados visualmente quanto à forma e à sanidade. No total foram mensurados 580 indivíduos e, dentre estes, 49 gêneros, 57 espécies, 28 famílias botânicas e apenas 1 espécie não identificada. Fabaceae foi a família que mais se destacou em número de gêneros (n=9), espécies (n=10) e indivíduos (n=146). As espécies Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez e Holocalyx balansae Micheli, com valores de IVI de 14,0%, 9,1% e 7,3%, respectivamente, foram as mais importantes do fragmento florestal. Quanto à estrutura vertical, 95,2% dos indivíduos pertencem aos estratos inferior e médio. Em termos de números de indivíduos e dominância por espécie, destacaram-se T. claussenii no estrato inferior (26,8% e 21,5%), N. megapotamica no estrato médio (19,4% e 13%) e H. balansae no estrato superior (25,0% e 32,9%). O fragmento florestal caracteriza-se por apresentar indivíduos com fustes levemente tortuosos e saudáveis, sem a incidência de danos que possam impedir um eventual aproveitamento madeireiro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. B. Maffra
- UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Engenharia Florestal, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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19
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Kannenberg SA, Novick KA, Alexander MR, Maxwell JT, Moore DJP, Phillips RP, Anderegg WRL. Linking drought legacy effects across scales: From leaves to tree rings to ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2978-2992. [PMID: 31132225 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe drought can cause lagged effects on tree physiology that negatively impact forest functioning for years. These "drought legacy effects" have been widely documented in tree-ring records and could have important implications for our understanding of broader scale forest carbon cycling. However, legacy effects in tree-ring increments may be decoupled from ecosystem fluxes due to (a) postdrought alterations in carbon allocation patterns; (b) temporal asynchrony between radial growth and carbon uptake; and (c) dendrochronological sampling biases. In order to link legacy effects from tree rings to whole forests, we leveraged a rich dataset from a Midwestern US forest that was severely impacted by a drought in 2012. At this site, we compiled tree-ring records, leaf-level gas exchange, eddy flux measurements, dendrometer band data, and satellite remote sensing estimates of greenness and leaf area before, during, and after the 2012 drought. After accounting for the relative abundance of tree species in the stand, we estimate that legacy effects led to ~10% reductions in tree-ring width increments in the year following the severe drought. Despite this stand-scale reduction in radial growth, we found that leaf-level photosynthesis, gross primary productivity (GPP), and vegetation greenness were not suppressed in the year following the 2012 drought. Neither temporal asynchrony between radial growth and carbon uptake nor sampling biases could explain our observations of legacy effects in tree rings but not in GPP. Instead, elevated leaf-level photosynthesis co-occurred with reduced leaf area in early 2013, indicating that resources may have been allocated away from radial growth in conjunction with postdrought upregulation of photosynthesis and repair of canopy damage. Collectively, our results indicate that tree-ring legacy effects were not observed in other canopy processes, and that postdrought canopy allocation could be an important mechanism that decouples tree-ring signals from GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | - Justin T Maxwell
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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20
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Schurman JS, Babst F, Björklund J, Rydval M, Bače R, Čada V, Janda P, Mikolas M, Saulnier M, Trotsiuk V, Svoboda M. The climatic drivers of primary Picea forest growth along the Carpathian arc are changing under rising temperatures. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3136-3150. [PMID: 31166643 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climatic constraints on tree growth mediate an important link between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon pools. Tree rings provide valuable information on climate-driven growth patterns, but existing data tend to be biased toward older trees on climatically extreme sites. Understanding climate change responses of biogeographic regions requires data that integrate spatial variability in growing conditions and forest structure. We analyzed both temporal (c. 1901-2010) and spatial variation in radial growth patterns in 9,876 trees from fragments of primary Picea abies forests spanning the latitudinal and altitudinal extent of the Carpathian arc. Growth was positively correlated with summer temperatures and spring moisture availability throughout the entire region. However, important seasonal variation in climate responses occurred along geospatial gradients. At northern sites, winter precipitation and October temperatures of the year preceding ring formation were positively correlated with ring width. In contrast, trees at the southern extent of the Carpathians responded negatively to warm and dry conditions in autumn of the year preceding ring formation. An assessment of regional synchronization in radial growth variability showed temporal fluctuations throughout the 20th century linked to the onset of moisture limitation in southern landscapes. Since the beginning of the study period, differences between high and low elevations in the temperature sensitivity of tree growth generally declined, while moisture sensitivity increased at lower elevations. Growth trend analyses demonstrated changes in absolute tree growth rates linked to climatic change, with basal area increments in northern landscapes and lower altitudes responding positively to recent warming. Tree growth has predominantly increased with rising temperatures in the Carpathians, accompanied by early indicators that portions of the mountain range are transitioning from temperature to moisture limitation. Continued warming will alleviate large-scale temperature constraints on tree growth, giving increasing weight to local drivers that are more challenging to predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Schurman
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Flurin Babst
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jesper Björklund
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Miloš Rydval
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Bače
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Janda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mikolas
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mélanie Saulnier
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Helcoski R, Tepley AJ, Pederson N, McGarvey JC, Meakem V, Herrmann V, Thompson JR, Anderson-Teixeira KJ. Growing season moisture drives interannual variation in woody productivity of a temperate deciduous forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1204-1216. [PMID: 31077588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The climate sensitivity of forest ecosystem woody productivity (ANPPstem ) influences carbon cycle responses to climate change. For the first time, we combined long-term annual growth and forest census data of a diverse temperate broadleaf deciduous forest, seeking to resolve whether ANPPstem is primarily moisture- or energy-limited and whether climate sensitivity has changed in recent decades characterised by more mesic conditions and elevated CO2 . We analysed tree-ring chronologies across 109 yr of monthly climatic variation (1901-2009) for 14 species representing 97% of ANPPstem in a 25.6 ha plot in northern Virginia, USA. Radial growth of most species and ecosystem-level ANPPstem responded positively to cool, moist growing season conditions, but the same conditions in the previous May-July were associated with reduced growth. In recent decades (1980-2009), responses were more variable and, on average, weaker. Our results indicated that woody productivity is primarily limited by current growing season moisture, as opposed to temperature or sunlight, but additional complexity in climate sensitivity may reflect the use of stored carbohydrate reserves. Overall, while such forests currently display limited moisture sensitivity, their woody productivity is likely to decline under projected hotter and potentially drier growing season conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Helcoski
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Alan J Tepley
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C McGarvey
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Victoria Meakem
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thompson
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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22
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Clark RE, Gutierrez Illan J, Comerford MS, Singer MS. Keystone mutualism influences forest tree growth at a landscape scale. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1599-1607. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Emerson Clark
- Department of Biology Wesleyan University Middletown CT USA
- Department of Entomology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | | | - Mattheau S. Comerford
- Department of Biology Wesleyan University Middletown CT USA
- Department of Biosciences Rice University Houston TX USA
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Tree-ring isotopes capture interannual vegetation productivity dynamics at the biome scale. Nat Commun 2019; 10:742. [PMID: 30765694 PMCID: PMC6375978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical and future trends in net primary productivity (NPP) and its sensitivity to global change are largely unknown because of the lack of long-term, high-resolution data. Here we test whether annually resolved tree-ring stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes can be used as proxies for reconstructing past NPP. Stable isotope chronologies from four sites within three distinct hydroclimatic environments in the eastern United States (US) were compared in time and space against satellite-derived NPP products, including the long-term Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS3g) NPP (1982–2011), the newest high-resolution Landsat NPP (1986–2015), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001–2015) NPP. We show that tree-ring isotopes, in particular δ18O, correlate strongly with satellite NPP estimates at both local and large geographical scales in the eastern US. These findings represent an important breakthrough for estimating interannual variability and long-term changes in terrestrial productivity at the biome scale. Historical and future trends in net primary productivity (NPP) and its sensitivity to global change are largely unknown because of the lack of long-term, high-resolution data. Here the authors show that tree-ring isotopes can be used for inferring interannual variability and long-term changes in NPP.
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24
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Size-growth asymmetry is not consistently related to productivity across an eastern US temperate forest network. Oecologia 2018; 189:515-528. [PMID: 30515662 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Modeling and forecasting forests as carbon sinks require that we understand the primary factors affecting productivity. One factor thought to be positively related to stand productivity is the degree of asymmetry, or the slope of the relationship between tree size and biomass growth. Steeper slopes indicate disproportionate productivity of big trees relative to small trees. Theoretically, big trees outcompete smaller trees during favorable growth conditions because they maintain better access to light. For this reason, high productivity forests are expected to have asymmetric growth. However, empirical studies do not consistently support this expectation, and those that do are limited in spatial or temporal scope. Here, we analyze size-growth relationships from 1970 to 2011 across a diverse network of forest sites in the eastern United States (n = 16) to test whether asymmetry is consistently related to productivity. To investigate this relationship, we analyze asymmetry-productivity relationships between our 16 forests at non-overlapping annual, 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year sampling intervals and find that asymmetry is negatively related to productivity, but the strength depends on the specific interval considered. Within-site temporal variability in asymmetry and productivity are generally positively correlated over time, except at the 5-year remeasurement interval. Rather than confirming or failing to support a positive relationship between asymmetry and productivity, our findings suggest caution interpreting these metrics since the relationship varies across forest types and temporal scales.
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25
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Mathias JM, Thomas RB. Disentangling the effects of acidic air pollution, atmospheric CO 2 , and climate change on recent growth of red spruce trees in the Central Appalachian Mountains. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3938-3953. [PMID: 29781219 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the 45 years after legislation of the Clean Air Act, there has been tremendous progress in reducing acidic air pollutants in the eastern United States, yet limited evidence exists that cleaner air has improved forest health. Here, we investigate the influence of recent environmental changes on the growth and physiology of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees, a key indicator species of forest health, spanning three locations along a 100 km transect in the Central Appalachian Mountains. We incorporated a multiproxy approach using 75-year tree ring chronologies of basal tree growth, carbon isotope discrimination (∆13 C, a proxy for leaf gas exchange), and δ15 N (a proxy for ecosystem N status) to examine tree and ecosystem level responses to environmental change. Results reveal the two most important factors driving increased tree growth since ca. 1989 are reductions in acidic sulfur pollution and increases in atmospheric CO2 , while reductions in pollutant emissions of NOx and warmer springs played smaller, but significant roles. Tree ring ∆13 C signatures increased significantly since 1989, concurrently with significant declines in tree ring δ15 N signatures. These isotope chronologies provide strong evidence that simultaneous changes in C and N cycling, including greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees and increases in ecosystem N retention, were related to recent increases in red spruce tree growth and are consequential to ecosystem recovery from acidic pollution. Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of the red spruce trees increased by ~51% across the 75-year chronology, and was driven by changes in atmospheric CO2 and acid pollution, but iWUE was not linked to recent increases in tree growth. This study documents the complex environmental interactions that have contributed to the recovery of red spruce forest ecosystems from pervasive acidic air pollution beginning in 1989, about 15 years after acidic pollutants started to decline in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Mathias
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Richard B Thomas
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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26
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Contrasting Patterns of Tree Growth of Mediterranean Pine Species in the Iberian Peninsula. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Evans MEK, Falk DA, Arizpe A, Swetnam TL, Babst F, Holsinger KE. Fusing tree-ring and forest inventory data to infer influences on tree growth. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. K. Evans
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
| | - Donald A. Falk
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
| | - Alexis Arizpe
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
| | | | - Flurin Babst
- Dendro Sciences Group; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany; Polish Academy of Sciences; 31-512 Krakow Poland
| | - Kent E. Holsinger
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut Storrs; Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
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28
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Rollinson CR, Liu Y, Raiho A, Moore DJP, McLachlan J, Bishop DA, Dye A, Matthes JH, Hessl A, Hickler T, Pederson N, Poulter B, Quaife T, Schaefer K, Steinkamp J, Dietze MC. Emergent climate and CO 2 sensitivities of net primary productivity in ecosystem models do not agree with empirical data in temperate forests of eastern North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2755-2767. [PMID: 28084043 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem models show divergent responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to global change over the next century. Individual model evaluation and multimodel comparisons with data have largely focused on individual processes at subannual to decadal scales. Thus far, data-based evaluations of emergent ecosystem responses to climate and CO2 at multidecadal and centennial timescales have been rare. We compared the sensitivity of net primary productivity (NPP) to temperature, precipitation, and CO2 in ten ecosystem models with the sensitivities found in tree-ring reconstructions of NPP and raw ring-width series at six temperate forest sites. These model-data comparisons were evaluated at three temporal extents to determine whether the rapid, directional changes in temperature and CO2 in the recent past skew our observed responses to multiple drivers of change. All models tested here were more sensitive to low growing season precipitation than tree-ring NPP and ring widths in the past 30 years, although some model precipitation responses were more consistent with tree rings when evaluated over a full century. Similarly, all models had negative or no response to warm-growing season temperatures, while tree-ring data showed consistently positive effects of temperature. Although precipitation responses were least consistent among models, differences among models to CO2 drive divergence and ensemble uncertainty in relative change in NPP over the past century. Changes in forest composition within models had no effect on climate or CO2 sensitivity. Fire in model simulations reduced model sensitivity to climate and CO2 , but only over the course of multiple centuries. Formal evaluation of emergent model behavior at multidecadal and multicentennial timescales is essential to reconciling model projections with observed ecosystem responses to past climate change. Future evaluation should focus on improved representation of disturbance and biomass change as well as the feedbacks with moisture balance and CO2 in individual models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Rollinson
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ann Raiho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 176 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jason McLachlan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 176 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | - Alex Dye
- Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jaclyn H Matthes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Amy Hessl
- Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Thomas Hickler
- Senkenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senkenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, D-60325, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography and Geosciences, Goethe University, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Neil Pederson
- Havard Forest, 324 N. Main St, Petersham, MA, 10366, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Science Laboratory, NASA Goodard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 22071, USA
- Institute on Ecosystem and Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Tristan Quaife
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
| | - Kevin Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, 449 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jörg Steinkamp
- Senkenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senkenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, D-60325, Germany
| | - Michael C Dietze
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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