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Bayomy HM, Alamri ES. Biochemical Assessments of Six Species of Edible Coastal Algae Collected from Tabuk Region in Saudi Arabia. Molecules 2024; 29:639. [PMID: 38338383 PMCID: PMC10856434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the first study focusing on the Red Sea's Tabuk coast, six edible species of the most common algae were collected to evaluate their approximate composition using AOAC methods, amino acids using ion-exchange chromatography, minerals using atomic absorption spectroscopy, phenolic compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. All the data were significantly (p < 0.05) different among all the studied species. The data indicated that the protein content ranged from 9.25% for A. nodosum to 20.06% for H. musciformis. C. racemosa had the highest lipid content of 7.57%. Phosphors varied from 68.2 mg/100 g for A. nodosum to 406 mg/100 g for D. simplex. The largest amounts of calcium (2458 mg/100 g) and iron (29.79 mg/100 g) were found in C. racemosa. The total essential amino acids ranged between 38.16 and 46.82% for A. nodosum and D. simplex, respectively. F. vesiculosus had the maximum content of phenolic compounds (11.06 mg GAE/g). A. nodosum had the highest antioxidant capacity (1.78 mg TE/g). The research concluded that algae are the main effort toward sustainable agriculture to meet the world's food needs. that algae may be used to improve food naturally. To satisfy the criteria for sustainable food, which is one of the pillars of NEOM, numerous studies are required to investigate the natural products available in the Red Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M. Bayomy
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Science Faculty, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Food and Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Alamri
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Science Faculty, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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Adarshan S, Sree VSS, Muthuramalingam P, Nambiar KS, Sevanan M, Satish L, Venkidasamy B, Jeelani PG, Shin H. Understanding Macroalgae: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Omics Dimensions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:113. [PMID: 38202421 PMCID: PMC10780804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Driven by a surge in global interest in natural products, macroalgae or seaweed, has emerged as a prime source for nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical applications. Characterized by remarkable genetic diversity and a crucial role in marine ecosystems, these organisms offer not only substantial nutritional value in proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, but also a diverse array of bioactive molecules with promising pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, macroalgae produce approximately 80% of the oxygen in the atmosphere, highlighting their ecological significance. The unique combination of nutritional and bioactive attributes positions macroalgae as an ideal resource for food and medicine in various regions worldwide. This comprehensive review consolidates the latest advancements in the field, elucidating the potential applications of macroalgae in developing nutraceuticals and therapeutics. The review emphasizes the pivotal role of omics approaches in deepening our understanding of macroalgae's physiological and molecular characteristics. By highlighting the importance of omics, this review also advocates for continued exploration and utilization of these extraordinary marine organisms in diverse domains, including drug discovery, functional foods, and other industrial applications. The multifaceted potential of macroalgae warrants further research and development to unlock their full benefits and contribute to advancing global health and sustainable industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vairavel Sivaranjani Sivani Sree
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Krishnanjana S Nambiar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam 623519, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Peerzada Gh Jeelani
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College Trichy, Tiruchirapalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
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Blanco S, Sapatinha M, Mackey M, Maguire J, Paolacci S, Gonçalves S, Lourenço HM, Mendes R, Bandarra NM, Pires C. Effect of Deployment and Harvest Date on Growth and High-Value Compounds of Farmed Alaria esculenta. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:305. [PMID: 37233499 PMCID: PMC10220681 DOI: 10.3390/md21050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alaria esculenta is a brown seaweed farmed in many European countries for its biomass rich in useful bio compounds. This study aimed to identify the optimal growing season to maximise biomass production and quality. The seeded longlines of the brown seaweed were deployed in the southwest of Ireland in October and November 2019 and samples of the biomass were harvested in different dates, between March and June 2020. Biomass gain and composition, phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) and biological activities (antioxidant and anti-hypertensive activities) of seaweed extracts prepared with Alcalase were evaluated. The biomass production was significantly higher for the line deployed in October (>20 kg·m-1). In May and June, an increasing amount of epiphytes was observed on the surface of A. esculenta. The protein content of A. esculenta varied between 11.2 and 11.76% and fat content was relatively low (1.8-2.3%). Regarding the fatty acids profile, A. esculenta was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The samples analysed were very rich in Na, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni. The content of Cd, Pb Hg was relatively low and below the maximum levels allowed. The highest TPC and TFC were obtained in extracts prepared with A. esculenta collected in March and levels of these compounds decreased with time. In general, the highest radical scavenging activities (ABTS and DPPH), as well as chelating activities (Fe2+ and Cu2+) were observed in early spring. Extracts from A. esculenta collected in March and April presented higher ACE inhibitory activity. The extracts from seaweeds harvested in March exhibited higher biological activity. It was concluded that an earlier deployment allows for maximising growth and harvest of biomass earlier when its quality is at the highest levels. The study also confirms the high content of useful bio compounds that can be extracted from A. esculenta and used in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Blanco
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, P75 AX07 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Sapatinha
- IPMA, IP, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, DMRM, DivAV, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.M.L.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Mick Mackey
- Indigo Rock Marine Research Centre, Gearhies, Bantry, P75 AX07 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.M.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Julie Maguire
- Indigo Rock Marine Research Centre, Gearhies, Bantry, P75 AX07 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.M.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Simona Paolacci
- Indigo Rock Marine Research Centre, Gearhies, Bantry, P75 AX07 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.M.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Susana Gonçalves
- IPMA, IP, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, DMRM, DivAV, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.M.L.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Helena Maria Lourenço
- IPMA, IP, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, DMRM, DivAV, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.M.L.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (C.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rogério Mendes
- IPMA, IP, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, DMRM, DivAV, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.M.L.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (C.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Narcisa Maria Bandarra
- IPMA, IP, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, DMRM, DivAV, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.M.L.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (C.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Pires
- IPMA, IP, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, DMRM, DivAV, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.M.L.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (C.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Tagliapietra BL, Clerici MTPS. Brown algae and their multiple applications as functional ingredient in food production. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112655. [PMID: 37087243 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae are considered one of the resources that can contribute to transforming our global food system by promoting healthier diets and reducing environmental impact. In this sense, this review article aims to provide up-to-date information on the nutritional and functional improvement of brown algae when they are applied to different food matrices. Brown algae present sulfated polysaccharides (alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins), proteins, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers, fatty acids, pigments, and bioactive compounds that can positively contribute to the development of highly nutritious food products, as well as used reformulate products already existing, to remove, reduce, increase, add and/or replace different components and obtain products that confer health-promoting properties. This review demonstrates that there is a tendency to use seaweed for the production of functional foods and that the number of commercially produced products from seaweed is increasing, that is, seaweed is a sector whose global market is expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Lago Tagliapietra
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 80th Monteiro Lobato Street, CEP 13.083-870 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 80th Monteiro Lobato Street, CEP 13.083-870 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu J, Liao W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Jiang S, Zhao C. An overview on the nutritional and bioactive components of green seaweeds. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [PMCID: PMC10026244 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGreen seaweed, as the most abundant species of macroseaweeds, is an important marine biological resource. It is a rich source of several amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibers, as well as polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, and other active substances, which have crucial roles in various biological processes such as antioxidant activity, immunoregulation, and anti-inflammatory response. In recent years, attention to marine resources has accelerated the exploration and utilization of green seaweeds for greater economic value. This paper elaborates on the main nutrients and active substances present in different green seaweeds and provides a review of their biological activities and their applications for high-value utilization.
Graphical abstract
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In Vitro Evaluation of Brown Seaweed Laminaria spp. as a Source of Antibacterial and Prebiotic Extracts That Could Modulate the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050823. [PMID: 36899679 PMCID: PMC10000092 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminaria spp. and their extracts have preventative potential as dietary supplements during weaning in pigs. The first objective of this study was to evaluate increasing concentrations of four whole seaweed biomass samples from two different Laminaria species harvested in two different months in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay. Particularly, February and November whole seaweed biomass samples of L. hyperborea (LHWB-F and LHWB-N) and L. digitata (LDWB-F and LDWB-N) were used. In the next part of the study, the increasing concentrations of four extracts produced from L. hyperborea (LHE1-4) and L. digitata (LDE1-4) were evaluated in individual pure-culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains (second objective). The LHE1-4 and LDE1-4 were obtained using different combinations of temperature, incubation time and volume of solvent within a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (E1-4). In the batch fermentation assay, the L. hyperborea biomass samples, LHWB-F and LHWB-N, lowered Bifidobacterium spp. counts compared to the L. digitata biomass samples, LDWB-F and LDWB-N (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-N reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-F were selected as the most and least promising sources of antibacterial extracts from which to produce LHE1-4 and LDE1-4. In the pure-culture growth assays, E1- and E4-produced extracts were predominantly associated with antibacterial and bifidogenic activities, respectively. LHE1 reduced both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with LDE1 having a similar effect on both of these pathogenic strains, albeit to a lesser extent (p < 0.05). Both LHE1 and LDE1 reduced B. thermophilum counts (p < 0.05). LDE4 exhibited strong bifidogenic activity (p < 0.05), whereas LHE4 increased Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum counts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, antibacterial and bifidogenic extracts of Laminaria spp. were identified in vitro with the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal dysbiosis in newly weaned pigs.
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Extraction and Quantitation of Phytosterols from Edible Brown Seaweeds: Optimization, Validation, and Application. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020244. [PMID: 36673338 PMCID: PMC9858231 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are known as important marine food sources, from which phytosterols have been recognized as functional food components with multiple health-beneficial effects. However, studies on phytosterol extraction and quantitation from edible brown seaweeds are limited. In the present work, extraction methods for seaweed phytosterols were compared and optimized by one-factor-at-one-time method and response surface methodology. Moreover, the quantitation method of total sterols and major sterol components, including fucosterol, saringosterol, and ostreasterol, was established and validated using 1H NMR. Furthermore, the developed extraction and determination methods were applied to investigate three common edible seaweeds from Japan (Hijiki, Wakame, and Kombu). As a result, the finally optimized conditions were ultrasound-assisted extraction with CHCl3-MeOH 2:3 for 15 min followed by saponification with 1.65 mL of 1.85 M KOH for 14.5 h. Based on the developed methods, phytosterols in three seaweeds were compared, and Hijiki showed an abundant total sterol amount (2.601 ± 0.171 mg/g DW), significantly higher than Wakame (1.845 ± 0.137 mg/g DW) and Kombu (1.171 ± 0.243 mg/g DW). Notably, the composition of the sterol components varied in different seaweeds. These findings might help the nutritional investigation and functional food development concerning phytosterols from seaweeds.
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Plasma Metabolites and Liver Composition of Broilers in Response to Dietary Ulva lactuca with Ulvan Lyase or a Commercial Enzyme Mixture. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217425. [PMID: 36364251 PMCID: PMC9657063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a high incorporation level of Ulva lactuca, individually and supplemented with a Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZyme) on broilers’ plasma parameters and liver composition is assessed here. Twenty one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 10): corn/soybean meal based-diet (Control); based-diet with 15% U. lactuca (UL); UL diet with 0.005% of commercial carbohydrase mixture; and UL diet with 0.01% of recombinant ulvan lyase. Supplementing U. lactuca with the recombinant CAZyme slightly compromised broilers’ growth by negatively affecting final body weight and average daily gain. The combination of U. lactuca with ulvan lyase also increased systemic lipemia through an increase in total lipids, triacylglycerols and VLDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Moreover, U. lactuca, regardless of the CAZyme supplementation, enhanced hepatic n-3 PUFA (mostly 20:5n-3) with positive decrease in n-6/n-3 ratio. However, broilers fed with U. lactuca with ulvan lyase reduced hepatic α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations relative to the control. Conversely, the high amount of pigments in macroalga diets led to an increase in hepatic β-carotene, chlorophylls and total carotenoids. Furthermore, U. lactuca, alone or combined with CAZymes, enhanced hepatic total microminerals, including iron and manganese. Overall, plasma metabolites and liver composition changed favorably in broilers that were fed 15% of U. lactuca, regardless of enzyme supplementation.
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Alghazeer R, El Fatah H, Azwai S, Elghmasi S, Sidati M, El Fituri A, Althaluti E, Gammoudi F, Yudiati E, Talouz N, Shamlan G, Al-Farga A, Alansari WS, Eskandrani AA. Nutritional and Nonnutritional Content of Underexploited Edible Seaweeds. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:8422414. [PMID: 36860457 PMCID: PMC9973140 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8422414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae are a valuable source of highly bioactive primary and secondary metabolites that may have useful bioapplications. To investigate the nutritional and nonnutritional contents of underexploited edible seaweeds, proximate composition, including protein, fat, ash, vitamins A, C, and E, and niacin, as well as important phytochemicals, including polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, saponins, and coumarins, were screened from algal species using spectrophotometric methods. Ash content ranged from 3.15-25.23% for green seaweeds, 5-29.78% for brown algae, and 7-31.15% for red algae. Crude protein content ranged between 5 and 9.8% in Chlorophyta, 5 and 7.4% in Rhodophyta, and between 4.6 and 6.2% in Phaeophyceae. Crude carbohydrate contents ranged from 20 to 42% for the collected seaweeds, where green algae had the highest content (22.5-42%), followed by brown algae (21-29.5%) and red algae (20-29%). Lipid content was found to be low in all the studied taxa at approximately 1-6%, except for Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorophyta), which had a noticeable higher lipid content at 12.41%. These results indicated that Phaeophyceae were enriched with a high phytochemical content, followed by that of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. The studied algal species contained a high amount of carbohydrate and protein, indicating that they could be considered as a healthy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Alghazeer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hesham El Fatah
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salah Azwai
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sana Elghmasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Maammar Sidati
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Marine Biology Research Center, Tajura-East of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ali El Fituri
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Marine Biology Research Center, Tajura-East of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ezdehar Althaluti
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Physics, Marin Biology Research Center, Tajura-East of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ftaim Gammoudi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ervia Yudiati
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl., Indonesia
| | - Nadia Talouz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
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Sultana F, Wahab MA, Nahiduzzaman M, Mohiuddin M, Iqbal MZ, Shakil A, Mamun AA, Khan MSR, Wong L, Asaduzzaman M. Seaweed farming for food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and women empowerment: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Vega-Gálvez A, Uribe E, Gómez-Pérez LS, García V, Mejias N, Pastén A. Drying Kinetic Modeling and Assessment of Mineral Content, Antimicrobial Activity, and Potential α-Glucosidase Activity Inhibition of a Green Seaweed ( Ulva spp.) Subjected to Different Drying Methods. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34230-34238. [PMID: 36188277 PMCID: PMC9520681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The green algal genus Ulva grows widely on all continents and is used for several applications such as functional foods, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals due to its nutritional characteristics. However, to increase its shelf-life and retain its bioactive components, it is necessary to apply some conservation technology, such as drying. The aim of this work is to describe the drying kinetic behavior of the green seaweed Ulva spp. by applying three dehydration methods: convective drying (CD), vacuum drying (VD), and solar drying (SD) by mathematical modeling and determining the retention of mineral content by atomic absorption spectroscopy and the antimicrobial potential against four strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Penicillium sp. by measurement of inhibition zones and α-glucosidase activity inhibition, as reported by IC50 determination. A freeze-dried sample was used as the control. The equilibrium moisture values calculated using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model were 0.0108, 0.0108, and 0.0290 g water/g d.m., for CD, VD and SD, respectively. The Midilli and Kucuk model showed robustness to fit all the experimental data of drying kinetic modeling. Ulva spp. is an important source of potassium with a ratio of Na/K < 0.29. Inhibition halos were observed in all samples against S. cerevisiae and Penicillium sp. with higher values than fluconazole action. An inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity was observed in all samples, mainly in the freeze-dried sample. Finally, dried Ulva spp. is a rich source of macro- and microminerals with antimicrobial activity and is a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor. Thus, it can be considered as a potential functional ingredient for food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Elsa Uribe
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Instituto
de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Luis S. Gómez-Pérez
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Vivian García
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Nicol Mejias
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Alexis Pastén
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
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12
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Imai S, Matsushita K, Takaku Y, Ishikawa Y. DISTRIBUTION OF IODINE-127 IN MARINE ORGANISMS FROM COASTAL WATERS AROUND AOMORI, JAPAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1066-1070. [PMID: 36083720 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We measured the concentrations and determined the distribution of the stable isotope 127I in the marine organisms. Marine fish were collected from the Pacific Ocean near Aomori, Japan. The mean 127I concentrations in the muscle of marine fish ranged from 0.67 μg g-1-wet weight (ww) in cherry salmon to 0.84 μg g-1-ww in fat greenling. Among the tissues measured, the muscle showed the lowest levels of 127I in all fish species. The highest 127I concentration in the tissues of marine fish was observed in the ovary of fat greenling. The mean 127I concentration in the of Japanese scallop ranged from 0.06 μg g-1-ww in adductor muscle to 5.49 μg g-1-ww in mid-gut gland. The 127I concentrations in seaweeds were 67 μg g-1-dry weight (dw) in sea lettuce and 1783 μg g-1-dw in kombu. Thus, the distribution of 127I concentration in marine organisms varied considerably depending on the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Imai
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Kensaku Matsushita
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takaku
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ishikawa
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
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13
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Véliz K, Toledo P, Araya M, Fernanda Gómez M, Villalobos V, Tala F. Chemical composition and heavy metal content of Chilean seaweeds: potential applications of seaweed meal as food and feed ingredients. Food Chem 2022; 398:133866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Badmus UO, Taggart MA, Elbourne P, Sterk HP, Boyd KG. Effect of long-term storage and harvest site on the fatty acid profiles, mineral and antioxidant properties of selected edible Scottish seaweeds. Food Chem 2022; 377:131955. [PMID: 34990953 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The limited understanding of the effect of pre-and post-harvest techniques still hinders the full exploitation of seaweed. Here, the effect of harvest site, long term storage and species on the elemental composition, fatty acid profile, lipid content, and antioxidant properties were determined in eight intertidal seaweed species common to Scotland, harvested for potential food application and stored for up to 128 weeks. Result showed that the most significant variation was due to species, with no statistical link found for the combined interaction effect of both storage duration and harvest site in most cases, except for the antioxidant parameters and some selected elements, which was limited to some seaweed species. Overall, our result showed that the chemical profiles of the seaweed species studied were remarkably consistent and unaffected by long term storage. Thus, suggesting that seaweeds sampled from Scotland could be a valuable resource for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthman O Badmus
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Peter Elbourne
- New Wave Foods Ltd., 1 Averon Way, Alness, Ross-shire IV17 0PF, UK
| | - Henk Pieter Sterk
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Kenneth G Boyd
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
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15
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Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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16
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Silva LHP, Reis SF, Melo ATO, Jackson BP, Brito AF. Supplementation of Ascophyllum nodosum meal and monensin: Effects on diversity and relative abundance of ruminal bacterial taxa and the metabolism of iodine and arsenic in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4083-4098. [PMID: 35221070 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (ASCO) has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and also increases milk I concentration. We aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing ASCO meal or monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of ruminal bacterial taxa, metabolism of I and As, and blood concentrations of thyroid hormones, antioxidant enzymes, and cortisol in lactating dairy cows. Five multiparous ruminally cannulated Jersey cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 102 ± 15 d in milk and 450 ± 33 kg of body weight at the beginning of the study were used in a Latin square design with 28-d periods (21 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection). Cows were fed ad libitum a basal diet containing (dry matter basis) 65% forage as haylage and corn silage and 35% concentrate and were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 5 dietary treatments: 0, 57, 113, or 170 g/d of ASCO meal, or 300 mg/d of MON. Supplements were placed directly into the rumen once daily after the morning feeding. Diets had no effect on ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration, which averaged 6.02 and 6.86 mg/dL, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid concentration decreased linearly in cows fed incremental amounts of ASCO meal. Supplementation with ASCO meal did not change the ruminal molar proportions of volatile fatty acids apart from butyrate, which responded quadratically with the lowest values observed at 56 and 113 g/d of ASCO supplementation. Compared with the control diet or diets containing ASCO meal, cows fed MON showed greater molar proportion of propionate. Diets did not affect the α diversity indices Shannon, Simpson, and Fisher for ruminal bacteria. However, feeding incremental levels of ASCO meal linearly decreased the relative abundance of Tenericutes in ruminal fluid. Monensin increased the relative abundance of the CAG:352 bacterial genus in ruminal fluid compared with the control diet. Linear increases in response to ASCO meal supplementation were observed for the concentrations and output of I in serum, milk, urine, and feces. Fecal excretion of As increased linearly in cows fed varying amounts of ASCO meal, but ASCO did not affect the concentration and secretion of As in milk. The plasma activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones did not change. In contrast, circulating cortisol decreased linearly in diets containing ASCO meal. The apparent total-tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein increased linearly with ASCO meal, but those of neutral and acid detergent fiber were not affected. In summary, feeding incremental amounts of ASCO meal decreased serum cortisol concentration, and increased I concentrations and output in serum, milk, feces, and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H P Silva
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - S F Reis
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - A T O Melo
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - B P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - A F Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
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17
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Evaluation of the chemical composition and nutritional potential of brown macroalgae commercialised in China. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Effect of Dietary Laminaria digitata with Carbohydrases on Broiler Production Performance and Meat Quality, Lipid Profile, and Mineral Composition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12081007. [PMID: 35454252 PMCID: PMC9025196 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Seaweeds represent promising alternatives to unsustainable conventional feed sources, such as cereals, incorporated in poultry diets. Brown macroalgae (e.g., Laminaria digitata) correspond to the largest cultured algal biomass worldwide and are rich in bioactive polysaccharides, minerals, and antioxidant pigments. However, their utilization as feed ingredients is limited due to the presence of an intricate gel-forming cell wall composed of indigestible carbohydrates, mainly alginate and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides. Therefore, supplementation with carbohydrate-active enzymes is required to disrupt the cell wall and allow seaweed nutrients to be digested and absorbed in poultry gut. The present study aimed to evaluate if the dietary inclusion of 15% L. digitata, supplemented or not with carbohydrases, could improve the nutritional value of poultry meat without impairing growth performance of broiler chickens. The results show that L. digitata increases antioxidant pigments and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat, thus improving meat nutritional and health values. On the other hand, feeding algae at a high incorporation level impaired growth performance. Feed enzymatic supplementation had only residual effects, although alginate lyase decreased intestinal viscosity caused by dietary L. digitata with potential benefits for broiler digestibility. Abstract We hypothesized that dietary inclusion of 15% Laminaria digitata, supplemented or not with carbohydrases, could improve the nutritional value of poultry meat without impairing animal growth performance. A total of 120 22-day old broilers were fed the following dietary treatments (n = 10) for 14 days: cereal-based diet (control); control diet with 15% L. digitata (LA); LA diet with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP (LAR); LA diet with 0.01% alginate lyase (LAE). Final body weight was lower and feed conversion ratio higher with LA diet than with the control. The ileal viscosity increased with LA and LAR diets relative to control but without differences between LAE and control. The pH of thigh meat was higher, and the redness value of breast was lower with LA diet than with control. Meat overall acceptability was positively scored for all treatments. The γ-tocopherol decreased, whereas total chlorophylls and carotenoids increased in meat with alga diets relative to control. The percentage of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and accumulation of bromine and iodine in meat increased with alga diets compared with control. Feeding 15% of L. digitata to broilers impaired growth performance but enhanced meat quality by increasing antioxidant pigments, with beneficial effects on n-3 PUFA and iodine.
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19
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Evaluation for values of ecosystem service functions of cultivated seaweeds in Guangdong Province, China. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Blikra MJ, Henjum S, Aakre I. Iodine from brown algae in human nutrition, with an emphasis on bioaccessibility, bioavailability, chemistry, and effects of processing: A systematic review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1517-1536. [PMID: 35233943 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae are becoming increasingly popular as a food source and dietary supplement in Europe and other Western countries. As they are highly rich in iodine, they represent a potential new dietary iodine source. Iodine deficiency has been re-emerging in Europe, and it is important to ensure adequate intake through one's diet. However, macroalgae, and especially brown algae, may contain very high amounts of iodine, and both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine may increase the risk of negative health effects. The iodine content of algae or foods containing algae is currently not regulated in the European Union. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to determine the chemical species of iodine in brown algae, the loss of iodine during processing, and the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of iodine. A systematic search of the literature was performed in April 2021, via the databases Web of Science and PubMed. The review includes studies of iodine in brown macroalgae in relation to bioavailability, bioaccessibility, processing and speciation. A meta-analysis was conducted in relation to the following topics: (i) the correlation between total iodine and iodide (I- ) content in brown algae; (ii) the correlation between the loss of iodine during processing and the I- content; and (iii) the correlation between bioavailability and the I- content. The bioavailability of iodine from brown algae was generally high, with in vivo bioavailability ranging from 31% to 90%. The in vitro bioavailability of iodine (2%-28%) was systematically lower than in vivo bioavailability (31%-90%), indicating an inadequate in vitro methodology. Processing may reduce the iodine content of brown algae, and a higher I- content was positively correlated with increased iodine loss during processing. Although processing strategies may reduce the iodine content of brown algae significantly, the iodine content may still be high after processing. These findings may be used in food safety evaluations of brown algae as well as in the development of macroalgae-containing foods with iodine contents suitable for human consumption. Further research on processing techniques to reduce the iodine content in brown macroalgae are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Aakre
- Department of Seafood and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Lomartire S, Gonçalves AMM. An Overview of Potential Seaweed-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020141. [PMID: 35200670 PMCID: PMC8875101 DOI: 10.3390/md20020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, seaweeds are widely involved in biotechnological applications. Due to the variety of bioactive compounds in their composition, species of phylum Ochrophyta, class Phaeophyceae, phylum Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta are valuable for the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Seaweeds have been consumed as whole food since ancient times and used to treat several diseases, even though the mechanisms of action were unknown. During the last decades, research has demonstrated that those unique compounds express beneficial properties for human health. Each compound has peculiar properties (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral activities, etc.) that can be exploited to enhance human health. Seaweed’s extracted polysaccharides are already involved in the pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of replacing synthetic compounds with components of natural origin. This review aims at a better understanding of the recent uses of algae in drug development, with the scope of replacing synthetic compounds and the multiple biotechnological applications that make up seaweed’s potential in industrial companies. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of seaweed’s compounds and to embrace the use of seaweeds in pharmaceutical companies and other applications, with the final scope being to produce sustainable and healthier products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lomartire
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-240-700 (ext. 262-286)
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22
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Vellinga RE, Sam M, Verhagen H, Jakobsen LS, Ravn-Haren G, Sugimoto M, Torres D, Katagiri R, Thu BJ, Granby K, Hoekstra J, Temme EHM. Increasing Seaweed Consumption in the Netherlands and Portugal and the Consequences for the Intake of Iodine, Sodium, and Exposure to Chemical Contaminants: A Risk-Benefit Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:792923. [PMID: 35071298 PMCID: PMC8770327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.792923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Seaweed has a high potential for nourishing the future planet. However, besides being beneficial, it also contains adverse components; this poses the question whether consumption of seaweed foods overall contributes beneficially or detrimentally to human health, and hence if their consumption should be promoted or restricted. Methods: This study evaluated the impact of substituting regular foods with seaweed foods in the diet, both in terms of nutritional quality (via iodine and sodium) and food safety (via arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury). Food consumption data from the Netherlands and Portugal (adults aged >18 years) were used, in which 10% of the amounts of pasta, bacon, and lettuce consumed were replaced by seaweed-derived products made from kelp (Saccharina latissima). Using Monte Carlo Risk Assessment software (MCRA), long-term nutrient intake and exposure to contaminants were assessed. The results obtained for the Netherlands and Portugal were compared with data from Japan, a country that has a high natural consumption of seaweed. Results: This low-tier risk-benefit study reveals that an increased seaweed consumption (as assessed by the 10% replacement with seaweed products) has no consequences in terms of intake of sodium and exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury, and the associated (absence of) adverse health aspects. The alternative scenario almost doubled the mean iodine intake in the Netherlands (to 300 μg/day) and Portugal (to 208 μg/day) and increased the average exposure to arsenic levels in the Netherlands (to 1.02 μg/kg bw/day) and Portugal (to 1.67 μg/kg bw/day). Conclusion: The intake of iodine and exposure to arsenic in the Netherland and Portugal were certainly higher due to the modeled increase of seaweed foods. If seaweed consumption increases close to the 10% substitution, the public health consequences thereof may trigger further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Elisabeth Vellinga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Sam
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Hans Verhagen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Minami Sugimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Duarte Torres
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kit Granby
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeljer Hoekstra
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Helena Maria Temme
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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23
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Quitério E, Soares C, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Marine Health-Promoting Compounds: Recent Trends for Their Characterization and Human Applications. Foods 2021; 10:3100. [PMID: 34945651 PMCID: PMC8702156 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds represent a rich source of biologically active compounds with several applications, especially in the food, cosmetics, and medical fields. The beneficial effects of marine compounds on health have been increasingly explored, making them an excellent choice for the design of functional foods. When studying marine compounds, several aspects must be considered: extraction, identification and quantification methods, purification steps, and processes to increase their stability. Advanced green techniques have been used to extract these valuable compounds, and chromatographic methods have been developed to identify and quantify them. However, apart from the beneficial effects of seaweeds for human health, these natural sources of bioactive compounds can also accumulate undesirable toxic elements with potential health risks. Applying purification techniques of extracts from seaweeds may mitigate the amount of excessive toxic components, ensuring healthy and safer products for commercialization. Furthermore, limitations such as stability and bioavailability problems, chemical degradation reactions during storage, and sensitivity to oxidation and photo-oxidation, need to be overcome using, for example, nanoencapsulation techniques. Here we summarize recent advances in all steps of marine products identification and purification and highlight selected human applications, including food and feed applications, cosmetic, human health, and fertilizers, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Quitério
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (E.Q.); (R.F.)
| | - Cristina Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (E.Q.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
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24
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Seaweed Blends as a Valuable Source of Polyunsaturated and Healthy Fats for Nutritional and Food Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120684. [PMID: 34940683 PMCID: PMC8704105 DOI: 10.3390/md19120684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are considered healthy and sustainable food. Although their consumption is modest in Western countries, the demand for seaweed in food markets is increasing in Europe. Each seaweed species has unique nutritional and functional features. The preparation of blends, obtained by mixing several seaweeds species, allows the obtaining of maximum benefits and ingredients with single characteristics. In this work, five seaweed blends, commercially available and produced under organic conditions in Europe, were characterized. The proximal composition included contents of ash (20.28–28.68% DW), proteins (17.79–26.61% DW), lipids (0.55–1.50% DW), and total carbohydrates (39.47–47.37% DW). Fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), allowing quantification of healthy fatty acids, namely n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and calculation of lipid quality indices. Each blend showed a characteristic PUFA content in the lipid pool (35.77–49.43% of total fatty acids) and the content in essential and healthy n-3 PUFA is highlighted. The atherogenicity (0.54–0.72) and thrombogenicity (0.23–0.45) indices evidenced a good nutritional value of lipid fractions. As nutritional and environmentally attractive products, the consumption of the studied seaweed blends can contribute to a healthy lifestyle.
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25
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Surendhiran D, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Marine algae as efficacious bioresources housing antimicrobial compounds for preserving foods - A review. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 358:109416. [PMID: 34601353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Certain synthetic chemicals used in global food industries eliminate pathogenic food microbes and prevent spoilage. Nevertheless, their toxicity precludes human consumption. This phenomenon has made scientific fraternity to look for alternative antimicrobial compounds from natural resources. In recent times, marine algae have been illustrated to be potent and rich sources of antimicrobial agents as chemical replacements for applications in food. Identifying novel antimicrobial agents from natural resources have become a worldwide research with immense significance. Marine algae are now considered as one of the most inexhaustible and unexposed sources of antimicrobial agents due to their abundance in seawaters and renewability. This review elaborated on marine algal antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens, mode of action and cumulated the prospective use of algal compounds in active food packaging as a natural food preservative. Due to poor solubility, unpleasant odor and ineffectiveness of plant derived antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria, researchers opted for marine algae, an ideal candidate to be used as natural food preservatives. This article elaborates and summarizes the efficient bioactive molecules in marine algae and their possible application in food preservation to extend shelf life of foods without causing any toxicity. In conclusion, marine algae have potential antimicrobial property against food pathogens and have more advantages than other natural sources of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changzhu Li
- Department of Bioresource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Costa M, Cardoso C, Afonso C, Bandarra NM, Prates JAM. Current knowledge and future perspectives of the use of seaweeds for livestock production and meat quality: a systematic review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1075-1102. [PMID: 33660883 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary macroalgae, or seaweeds, on growth performance and meat quality of livestock animal species are here reviewed. Macroalgae are classified into Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Rhodophyceae (red algae) and Chlorophyceae (green algae). The most common macroalga genera used as livestock feedstuffs are: Ascophyllum, Laminaria and Undaria for brown algae; Ulva, Codium and Cladophora for green algae; and Pyropia, Chondrus and Palmaria for red algae. Macroalgae are rich in many nutrients, including bioactive compounds, such as soluble polysaccharides, with some species being good sources of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To date, the incorporation of macroalgae in livestock animal diets was shown to improve growth and meat quality, depending on the alga species, dietary level and animal growth stage. Generally, Ascophyllum nodosum can increase average daily gain (ADG) in ruminant and pig mostly due to its prebiotic activity in animal's gut. A. nodosum also enhances marbling score, colour uniformity and redness, and can decrease saturated fatty acids in ruminant meats. Laminaria sp., mainly Laminaria digitata, increases ADG and feed efficiency, and improves the antioxidant potential of pork. Ulva sp., and its mixture with Codium sp., was shown to improve poultry growth at up to 10% feed. Therefore, seaweeds are promising sustainable alternatives to corn and soybean as feed ingredients, thus attenuating the current competition among food-feed-biofuel industries. In addition, macroalgae can hinder eutrophication and participate in bioremediation. However, some challenges need to be overcome, such as the development of large-scale and cost-effective algae production methods and the improvement of algae digestibility by monogastric animals. The dietary inclusion of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) could allow for the degradation of recalcitrant macroalga cell walls, with an increase of nutrients bioavailability. Overall, the use of macroalgae as feedstuffs is a promising strategy for the development of a more sustainable livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Food-Grade Biorefinery Processing of Macroalgae at Scale: Considerations, Observations and Recommendations. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Using brown seaweed kelp species Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata as feedstocks, a set of pilot-scale macroalgae processing batches were conducted (50–200 kg per batch) for the production of a range of food-grade liquid and solid fractions. The aim of this communication is to relay a number of lessons learnt during this period in combination with previous relevant observations and considerations for others who are intending to process macroalgae at scale. The novelty of this paper is thus to form a bridge between academic findings and practical know-how. Considerations covers material diversity; abiotic and biotic impact and variation; and supply chain considerations. Observations covers milling and cutting; equipment requirements; and acids including their effects on heavy metals, especially lead. Recommendations summarises key points from this pilot-scale and previous work. These include: harvest seasonality, water quality and proximity to processing facilities; minimising contaminants within the macroalgae such as stones and shells; considering equipment composition and volume for all steps and processes including final product quality; acid choice and its effects on both the equipment used and the metals bioaccumulated within the macroalgae.
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Comprehensive characterisation of marine macroalgae waste and impact of oil extraction, focusing on the biomass recovery potential. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Correia H, Soares C, Morais S, Pinto E, Marques A, Nunes ML, Almeida A, Delerue-Matos C. Seaweeds rehydration and boiling: Impact on iodine, sodium, potassium, selenium, and total arsenic contents and health benefits for consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112385. [PMID: 34237393 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of seaweeds for the development of sustainable and innovative food products, this study aimed to characterize the impact of hydrothermal processing on iodine, sodium, potassium, selenium, and arsenic concentrations of four seaweed species (S. latissima, L. digitata, U. pinnatifida, and C. crispus) and on the associated health risks-benefits for consumers. These elements revealed a common pattern for leachable fractions of iodine, total arsenic, and selenium: L. digitata ≥ S. latissima > C. crispus > U. pinnatifida after rehydration and boiling during different periods. The behavior for sodium was: S. latissima > L. digitata > C. crispus > U. pinnatifida, and for potassium: U. pinnatifida > L. digitata > S. latissima > C. crispus. Generally, the species that attained more significant losses were S. latissima and L. digitata. A health-relevant sodium/potassium ratio below 0.7 was found for all species except for U. pinnatifida. In some species, the risk-benefit analysis revealed that high iodine and arsenic levels might promote risks for consumption, even after 20 min boiling, but 5 g of processed U. pinnatifida could contribute to adequate iodine, sodium, potassium, and selenium intakes for all population groups. Standardized processing treatments of seaweeds can open new opportunities for the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Correia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Soares
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Edgar Pinto
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira N. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, P.Porto. CISA/Centro de Investigação Em Saúde e Ambiente, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- CIIMAR: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA: Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospeção, I.P., Avenida Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- CIIMAR: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira N. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
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Gullón P, Astray G, Gullón B, Franco D, Campagnol PCB, Lorenzo JM. Inclusion of seaweeds as healthy approach to formulate new low-salt meat products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Erpel F, Mariotti-Celis MS, Parada J, Pedreschi F, Pérez-Correa JR. Pressurized Hot Liquid Extraction with 15% v/v Glycerol-Water as An Effective Environment-Friendly Process to Obtain Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata Phlorotannin Extracts with Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071105. [PMID: 34356338 PMCID: PMC8301173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweed phlorotannins have shown the potential to promote several health benefits. Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata-species that are widely distributed in central and southern Chile-were investigated to obtain phlorotannin extracts with antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential. The use of an environmentally friendly and food-grade glycerol-based pressurized hot liquid extraction (PHLE) process (15% v/v glycerol water) was assessed for the first time to obtain phlorotannins. Multiple effects were analyzed, including the effect of the species, harvesting area (Las Cruces and Niebla), and anatomical part (holdfast, stipe, and frond) on the extracts' polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme-α-glucosidase and α-amylase-inhibitory activity. Contaminants, such as mannitol, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Sn), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), were also determined. The anatomical part used demonstrated a significant impact on the extracts' TPC and AC, with holdfasts showing the highest values (TPC: 95 ± 24 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g dry extract; DPPH: 400 ± 140 μmol Trolox equivalents/g dry extract; ORAC: 560 ± 130 μmol TE/g dry extract). Accordingly, holdfast extracts presented the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with D. incurvata from Niebla showing an activity equivalent to fifteen times that of acarbose. Only one frond and stipe extract showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. No α-amylase inhibition was found in any extract. Although no HMF was detected, potentially hazardous cadmium levels (over the French limit) and substantial mannitol concentrations-reaching up to 50% of the extract dry weight-were found in most seaweed samples and extracts. Therefore, further purification steps are suggested if food or pharmaceutical applications are intended for the seaweed PHLE extracts obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Erpel
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.E.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Javier Parada
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Franco Pedreschi
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.E.); (F.P.)
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.E.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-23544258
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Seaweeds as a “Palatable” Challenge between Innovation and Sustainability: A Systematic Review of Food Safety. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13147652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate or severe food insecurity affect 2 billion people worldwide. The four pillars of food security (availability, access, use and stability) are in danger due to the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors which impact on the food system. Novel foods, like seaweeds, have the potential to increase food yields so that to contribute in preventing or avoiding future global food shortages. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess microbiological, chemical, physical, and allergenic risks associated with seaweed consumption. Four research strings have been used to search for these risks. Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. Finally, 39 articles met the selected criteria. No significant hazards for microbiological, allergenic, and physical risks were detected. Regarding chemical risk, algae can accumulate various heavy metals, especially when harvested in polluted sites. Cultivating seaweeds in a controlled environment allows to avoid this risk. Periodic checks will be necessary on the finished products to monitor heavy metals levels. Since the consumption of algae seems to be on the rise everywhere, it seems to be urgent that food control authorities establish the safety levels to which eating algae does not represent any risk for human health.
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Jordbrekk Blikra M, Wang X, James P, Skipnes D. Saccharina latissima Cultivated in Northern Norway: Reduction of Potentially Toxic Elements during Processing in Relation to Cultivation Depth. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061290. [PMID: 34199830 PMCID: PMC8227645 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) as food, but the high iodine content in raw sugar kelp limits the daily recommended intake to relatively low levels. Processing strategies for iodine reduction are therefore needed. Boiling may reduce the iodine content effectively, but not predictably, since reductions from 38-94% have been reported. Thus, more information on which factors affect the reduction of iodine are needed. In this paper, sugar kelp cultivated at different depths were rinsed and boiled, to assess the effect of cultivation depth on the removal efficacy of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), especially iodine, cadmium, and arsenic, during processing. Raw kelp cultivated at 9 m contained significantly more iodine than kelp cultivated at 1 m, but the difference disappeared after processing. Furthermore, the content of cadmium and arsenic was not significantly affected by cultivation depth. The average reduction during rinsing and boiling was 85% for iodine and 43% for arsenic, but no significant amount of cadmium, lead, or mercury was removed. Cultivation depths determined the relative effect of processing on the iodine content, with a higher reduction for kelp cultivated at 9 m (87%) compared to 1 m (82%). When not taken into consideration, cultivation depth could mask small reductions in iodine content during rinsing or washing. Furthermore, since the final content of PTEs was not dependent on the cultivation depth, the type and extent of processing determines whether cultivation depth should be considered as a factor in cultivation infrastructure design and implementation, or alternatively, in product segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Jordbrekk Blikra
- Department of Processing Technology, Seafood Division, Nofima AS, P.O. Box 8034, NO-4068 Stavanger, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture Production, Aquaculture Division, Nofima AS, P.O. Box 6122, NO-9291 Tromsø, Norway; (X.W.); (P.J.)
| | - Philip James
- Department of Aquaculture Production, Aquaculture Division, Nofima AS, P.O. Box 6122, NO-9291 Tromsø, Norway; (X.W.); (P.J.)
| | - Dagbjørn Skipnes
- Department of Processing Technology, Seafood Division, Nofima AS, P.O. Box 8034, NO-4068 Stavanger, Norway;
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Krogdahl Å, Jaramillo-Torres A, Ahlstrøm Ø, Chikwati E, Aasen IM, Kortner TM. Protein value and health aspects of the seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Palmaria palmata evaluated with mink as model for monogastric animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Edible Far Eastern Ferns as a Dietary Source of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061220. [PMID: 34071261 PMCID: PMC8228775 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Young fronds of ferns are consumed as a vegetable in many countries. The aim of this study was to analyze three fern species that are available for sale in the Russian Far East as dietary sources in terms of fatty acids that are important for human physiology: arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and other valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The content of ARA and EPA was 5.5 and 0.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively, in Pteridium aquilinum, 4.1 and 1.1 in Matteuccia struthiopteris, and 2.2 and 0.8 in Osmundastrum asiaticum. Salted fronds of P. aquilinum contained less these fatty acids than the raw fronds, with a decrease of up to 49% for ARA and 65% for EPA. These losses were less pronounced or even insignificant in dried fronds. Cooked ferns preserved significant portions of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: cooked P. aquilinum contained 4.4 mg/g dry weight ARA and 0.3 mg/g dry weight EPA. The ferns may provide a supplemental dietary source of these valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially for vegetarian diets.
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36
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Roleda MY, Heesch S. Chemical profiling of Ulva species for food applications: What is in a name? Food Chem 2021; 361:130084. [PMID: 34029896 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are increasingly used in European cuisine. Until the recent use of molecular techniques, species identification was solely based on morphology which cannot easily discriminate morphologically simple but phenotypically plastic taxa such as the green algal genus Ulva. For example, current taxonomic protocol effectively reassigned the previously known European 'Ulva lactuca L.' under the name Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht. Also, the presumptive Ulva lactuca approved by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, Joint Research Center, European Commission) as Certified Reference Material (CRM) for analytical quality assurance was genetically identified as U. rigida C.Agardh. It is very likely that different Ulva species under various names have been consumed as food not only in Europe, but also worldwide. In this regard, when chemical composition and nutritional quality of different seaweed species meet a set of food standard criteria, and food safety hazards are mitigated, they should be endorsed for consumption. In the case of Ulva, we propose that different bladed and tubular species should generally be accepted for food consumption in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Roleda
- Department of Algae Production, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway; The Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman 1101, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Svenja Heesch
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Garcia-Vaquero M, Rajauria G, Miranda M, Sweeney T, Lopez-Alonso M, O’Doherty J. Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:204. [PMID: 33916596 PMCID: PMC8066787 DOI: 10.3390/md19040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2-11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49-64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (G.R.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (G.R.)
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Marta Lopez-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - John O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (G.R.)
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Noriega-Fernández E, Sone I, Astráin-Redín L, Prabhu L, Sivertsvik M, Álvarez I, Cebrián G. Innovative Ultrasound-Assisted Approaches towards Reduction of Heavy Metals and Iodine in Macroalgal Biomass. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030649. [PMID: 33808536 PMCID: PMC8003320 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of ultrasound (US), alone or in combination with mild heating and/or EDTA towards reduction of As, Cd, I, and Hg content of Laminaria hyperborea. Concentrations of As, Cd, I, and Hg of 56.29, 0.596, 7340, and <0.01 mg kg−1 of dry weight, respectively, were found in L. hyperborea blades. Treatment with US at 50 °C increased approx. 2-fold the amount of As released, although did not affect significantly the content of Cd or I, as compared to control (no US) samples. Reducing the temperature to 8 °C significantly decreased the effect of US, but heating at 80 °C did not cause a significant effect as compared to treatments at 50 °C. On the other hand, treatment with 0.1 N EDTA at 50 °C enhanced the percentage of Cd released by approximately 7-fold, regardless of sonication. In the present work, the combination of US and EDTA at 50 °C for 5 min led to a significant reduction of the As (32%), Cd (52%) and I (31%) content in L. hyperborea, thus improving the product’s safety for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Noriega-Fernández
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-47706088
| | - Izumi Sone
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Leire Astráin-Redín
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.-R.); (I.Á.); (G.C.)
| | - Leena Prabhu
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Morten Sivertsvik
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.-R.); (I.Á.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillermo Cebrián
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.-R.); (I.Á.); (G.C.)
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Saini RK, Mahomoodally MF, Sadeer NB, Keum YS, Rr Rengasamy K. Characterization of nutritionally important lipophilic constituents from brown kelp Ecklonia radiata (C. Ag.) J. Agardh. Food Chem 2021; 340:127897. [PMID: 32871355 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This research study presents information for the first time on the nutritionally relevant lipophilic compounds obtained from Ecklonia radiata, a poorly studied brown kelp. The major lipophilic compounds were analyzed utilizing liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The LC-MS/MS results revealed the presence of eight major lipophilic compounds, including sterols, carotenoids, vitamin E, and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Quantitative analysis showed that fucosterol was the most predominant phytosterol in the fronds and stipes of E. radiata. The carotenoids (all-E)-fucoxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene were present in higher yield. In terms of vitamin E, α-tocopherol was identified as the main tocol. The coenzyme, phylloquinone, important for protein synthesis, was also identified in E. radiata. GC-MS identified 13 fatty acids with palmitic (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n9c) present in the highest quantities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on E. radiata, and the valuable data presented herein can be used as a baseline for developing novel nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kannan Rr Rengasamy
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Naiel MA, Alagawany M, Patra AK, El-Kholy AI, Amer MS, Abd El-Hack ME. Beneficial impacts and health benefits of macroalgae phenolic molecules on fish production. AQUACULTURE 2021; 534:736186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Macroalgae-A Sustainable Source of Chemical Compounds with Biological Activities. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103085. [PMID: 33050561 PMCID: PMC7601163 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important research directions that concerns the scientific world is to exploit the earth’s resources in a sustainable way. Considering the increasing interest in finding new sources of bioactive molecules and functional products, many research studies focused their interest on demonstrating the sustainability of exploiting marine macroalgal biomass as feedstock for wastewater treatment and natural fertilizer, conversion into green biofuels, active ingredients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, or even for the production of functional ingredients and integration in the human food chain. The objective of the present paper was to provide an overview on the recent progress in the exploitation of different macroalgae species as a source of bioactive compounds, mainly emphasizing the latter published data regarding their potential bioactivities, health benefits, and industrial applications.
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Stévant P, Ólafsdóttir A, Déléris P, Dumay J, Fleurence J, Ingadóttir B, Jónsdóttir R, Ragueneau É, Rebours C, Rustad T. Semi-dry storage as a maturation process for improving the sensory characteristics of the edible red seaweed dulse (Palmaria palmata). ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gabbia D, De Martin S. Brown Seaweeds for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E4182. [PMID: 32932674 PMCID: PMC7570850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of different metabolic disorders which increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, metabolic syndrome leads to a reduction in patients' quality of life as well as to an increase in morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, it has been demonstrated that seaweeds exert multiple beneficial effects by virtue of their micro- and macronutrient content, which could help in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review aims to provide an updated overview on the potential of brown seaweeds for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases, based on the most recent evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. Owing to their great potential for health benefits, brown seaweeds are successfully used in some nutraceuticals and functional foods for treating metabolic syndrome comorbidities. However, some issues still need to be tackled and deepened to improve the knowledge of their ADME/Tox profile in humans, in particular by finding validated indexes of their absorption and obtaining reliable information on their efficacy and long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Essekri A, Hsini A, Naciri Y, Laabd M, Ajmal Z, El Ouardi M, Ait Addi A, Albourine A. Novel citric acid-functionalized brown algae with a high removal efficiency of crystal violet dye from colored wastewaters: insights into equilibrium, adsorption mechanism, and reusability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:336-346. [PMID: 32898432 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1813686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic dye waste is one of the world's key ecological concerns. The algal biomass has emerged as a promising alternative adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The present study deals with the functionalization of brown algae (BA) by citric acid in order to improve its adsorption ability for textile dye removal in aqueous solutions. The morphological texture (SEM and BET) and surface chemistry (FTIR, EDS-mapping, and PZC) of the novel functionalized brown algae (designated as BA-CA) were analyzed. The performance of BA-CA for crystal violet (CV) dye removal from wastewater was investigated. The isotherm and kinetic adsorption modeling indicate the good fit of Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models. Optimum monolayer uptake capacity was 279.14 mg/g for BA-CA, which was about two times higher than that of unmodified BA. The thermodynamic parameters clearly indicated that CV removal process was physiosorption, exothermic, and spontaneous in nature. The regeneration study showed excellent reusability of the BA-CA up to five cycles. Overall, the experimental findings lead us to conclude that the BA-CA can be used as an eco-friendly, cost-effective and easily regenerated adsorbent for the purification of textile effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Essekri
- Laboratory of Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Hsini
- Laboratory of Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Yassine Naciri
- Laboratory of Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Laabd
- Laboratory of Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mahmoud El Ouardi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Ait Melloul, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Ait Addi
- Physical Chemistry and Environment Team, Faculty of Science, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Albourine
- Laboratory of Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Leandro A, Pacheco D, Cotas J, Marques JC, Pereira L, Gonçalves AMM. Seaweed's Bioactive Candidate Compounds to Food Industry and Global Food Security. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E140. [PMID: 32781632 PMCID: PMC7459772 DOI: 10.3390/life10080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world population is continuously growing, so it is important to keep producing food in a sustainable way, especially in a way that is nutritious and in a sufficient quantity to overcome global needs. Seaweed grows, and can be cultivated, in seawater and generally does not compete for arable land and freshwater. Thus, the coastal areas of the planet are the most suitable for seaweed production, which can be an alternative to traditional agriculture and can thus contribute to a reduced carbon footprint. There are evolving studies that characterize seaweed's nutritional value and policies that recognize them as food, and identify the potential benefits and negative factors that may be produced or accumulated by seaweed, which are, or can be, dangerous for human health. Seaweeds have a high nutritional value along with a low caloric input and with the presence of fibers, proteins, omega 3 and 6 unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, several seaweed sub-products have interesting features to the food industry. Therefore, the focus of this review is in the performance of seaweed as a potential alternative and as a safe food source. Here described is the nutritional value and concerns relating to seaweed consumption, and also how seaweed-derived compounds are already commercially explored and available in the food industry and the usage restrictions to safeguard them as safe food additives for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Leandro
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João C. Marques
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Laura AP, Múzquiz de la Garza AR, Elena PM, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Armando TC, Cruz-Suárez LE, Serna-Saldívar SO. Effects of Ecklonia arborea or Silvetia compressa algae intake on serum lipids and hepatic fat accumulation in Wistar rats fed hyperlipidic diets. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Granby K, Amlund H, Valente LMP, Dias J, Adoff G, Sousa V, Marques A, Sloth JJ, Larsen BK. Growth performance, bioavailability of toxic and essential elements and nutrients, and biofortification of iodine of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) fed blends with sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111387. [PMID: 32360216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture production is demanding novel feed ingredients that reflect natural marine nutrient levels, that are also essential to humans. In this regard, biofortification through addition of iodine-rich sugar kelp in feed formulations was assessed in a 12 week rainbow trout trial. Yttrium inclusion in feed allowed determinations of apparent absorption coefficients of essential and potentially toxic elements and apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients. E.g. apparent absorption coefficients in trouts fortified feed with 1-4% dw kelp were 67-61% As, 32-40% Cd, <5% Fe; 80-83% I; 66-58% Se. Iodine concentrations in feed up to 239 mg/kg (~4% kelp) was proportional to iodine accumulation in trout fillets (R2 = 1.00) with 0.5% transfer ratio. Feed iodine concentrations up to 117 mg/kg (~2% kelp) did not affect growth performance negatively, but increased significantly protein efficiency ratio after eight weeks feeding. However, 4% kelp meal inclusion affected final growth and hepato somatic index, and caused histomorphological changes in the intestine. All fillets had low toxic element concentrations (As, Cd, Hg, Pb). The potential applicability of Saccharina latissima as feed ingredient to tailor iodine concentration in farmed fish is evident. Consuming of a 160 g fillet (2% kelp) contributes ~60% of recommended daily iodine intake for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Granby
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Heidi Amlund
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luísa M P Valente
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias
- Sparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Grethe Adoff
- TARALAKS AS/ Norsk Sjømatsenter AS, Bontelabo 2, 5003, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vera Sousa
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Seafood Upgrading and Bioprospection, Avenida Professor Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, nº6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Jens J Sloth
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bodil Katrine Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, Niels Juelsvej 30, 9850, Hirtshals, Denmark
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Ferreira M, Larsen BK, Granby K, Cunha SC, Monteiro C, Fernandes JO, Nunes ML, Marques A, Dias J, Cunha I, Castro LFC, Valente LMP. Diets supplemented with Saccharina latissima influence the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress modulating rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet composition. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111332. [PMID: 32305409 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diets including increasing amounts (1, 2 and 4%) of an iodine-rich macroalgae, Saccharina latissima, on gene expression and fillet composition of commercial-sized rainbow trout. Liver and muscle expression of genes related to growth, iodine, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, and the fillet content of fatty acids, cholesterol, and vitamin D3 were assessed. The highest kelp inclusion led to lower final body weight and HSI, without significant differences in mRNA transcription of genes involved in growth (ghr1, ghr2 and igf1) or iodine metabolism (dio1, thra, and thrb). A significant downregulation of an oxidative stress marker, gpx1b2, was observed in fish fed 2% S. latissima, which might suggest the need for less endogenous antioxidants. Dietary inclusion of kelp impacted lipid metabolism, with a downregulation of fatty acid synthase, accompanied by a general decrease of fatty acids in fillet. The present study demonstrated that supplementation of diets with 1 or 2% S. latissima can be achieved without detrimental effects on rainbow trout final weight. Evidence suggest a lipid-lowering effect of diets that did not compromise fillet EPA and DHA concentrations, being 3.7 times above the recommended levels for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bodil Katrine Larsen
- DTU, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, Niels Juelsvej 30, 9850, Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- DTU, Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Department of Bromatology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Department of Bromatology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Department of Bromatology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria L Nunes
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias
- Sparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cunha
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa M P Valente
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Reducing the High Iodine Content of Saccharina latissima and Improving the Profile of Other Valuable Compounds by Water Blanching. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050569. [PMID: 32375299 PMCID: PMC7278854 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharina latissima contains high amounts of iodine in comparison to other seaweeds. The present study aimed to decrease the iodine content of S. latissima (sugar kelp) by water blanching and freezing to avoid an excess intake of iodine by consumption of sugar kelp. Various blanching conditions were investigated (temperature; 30, 45, 60 and 80 °C, and duration; 2, 30, 120 and 300 s). Some conditions resulted in a significant decrease in iodine content (≥45 °C and ≥30 s). Non-processed S. latissima contained on average 4605 mg iodine kg−1 dw−1 which significantly decreased following the treatments. The lowest content obtained was 293 mg iodine kg−1·dw−1 by water blanching at 80 °C for 120 s. The study also investigated if other valuable compounds were affected during the processing conditions. No significant changes were observed for total lipid and protein, but significant changes were seen for ash. A significant loss of two non-essential amino acids (glutamic acid and alanine) due to the blanching process was found. This also resulted in a protein quality increase as the essential amino acid to total amino acid ratio changed from 42.01 ± 0.59% in fresh seaweed to 48.0 ± 1.2% in blanched seaweed. Moreover, the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids (%FAME), and the omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids ratio was significantly higher in the samples blanched at 60 °C for 300 s compared to the fresh and samples blanched at 45 °C for 30 s. The total phenolic content (TPC) and the radical scavenging activity were significantly higher in treated samples. The results indicate that the processing did not compromise the valuable compounds in focus in this study for S. latissima; they did, however, result in biomass with an improved profile of health beneficial compounds.
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Seca AML, Pinto DCGA, Michalak I, Trincone A, Mishra AP, Nigam M, Zam W, Martins N. Current Trends on Seaweeds: Looking at Chemical Composition, Phytopharmacology, and Cosmetic Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E4182. [PMID: 31752200 PMCID: PMC6891420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have received huge interest in recent years given their promising potentialities. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypolipemic, and anticoagulant effects are among the most renowned and studied bioactivities so far, and these effects have been increasingly associated with their content and richness in both primary and secondary metabolites. Although primary metabolites have a pivotal importance such as their content in polysaccharides (fucoidans, agars, carragenans, ulvans, alginates, and laminarin), recent data have shown that the content in some secondary metabolites largely determines the effective bioactive potential of seaweeds. Among these secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds feature prominently. The present review provides the most remarkable insights into seaweed research, specifically addressing its chemical composition, phytopharmacology, and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 4340847, Iran;
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Antonio Trincone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy;
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syria
| | - Natália Martins
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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