1
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Gong J, Kim DM, Freeman MR, Kim H, Ellis L, Smith B, Theodorescu D, Posadas E, Figlin R, Bhowmick N, Freedland SJ. Genetic and biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities in Black men. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:274-289. [PMID: 37964070 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Black men with prostate cancer have historically had worse outcomes than white men with prostate cancer. The causes of this disparity in outcomes are multi-factorial, but a potential basis is that prostate cancers in Black men are biologically distinct from prostate cancers in white men. Evidence suggests that genetic and ancestral factors, molecular pathways involving androgen and non-androgen receptor signalling, inflammation, epigenetics, the tumour microenvironment and tumour metabolism are contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Key genetic and molecular pathways linked to prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness have potential clinical relevance. Describing biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities could inform efforts to improve outcomes for Black men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel M Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyung Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Smith
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Figlin
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Bhowmick
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Roach M, Coleman PW, Kittles R. Prostate Cancer, Race, and Health Disparity: What We Know. Cancer J 2023; 29:328-337. [PMID: 37963367 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer (PCa) in African American men is one of the most common cancers with a great disparity in outcomes. The higher incidence and tendency to present with more advanced disease have prompted investigators to postulate that this is a problem of innate biology. However, unequal access to health care and poorer quality of care raise questions about the relative importance of genetics versus social/health injustice. Although race is inconsistent with global human genetic diversity, we need to understand the sociocultural reality that race and racism impact biology. Genetic studies reveal enrichment of PCa risk alleles in populations of West African descent and population-level differences in tumor immunology. Structural racism may explain some of the differences previously reported in PCa clinical outcomes; fortunately, there is high-level evidence that when care is comparable, outcomes are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Roach
- From the Particle Therapy Research Program & Outreach, Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Pamela W Coleman
- Department of Surgery/Obstetrics-Gynecology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
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3
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Varaprasad GL, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Kim E, Tej MB, Mohanty P, Verma HK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:80. [PMID: 37740236 PMCID: PMC10517568 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fair Fields, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Kadeerhan G, Xue B, Wu XL, Chen WN, Wang DW. Incidence trends and survival of metastatic prostate cancer with bone and visceral involvement: 2010-2019 surveillance, epidemiology, and end results. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201753. [PMID: 37601697 PMCID: PMC10435983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has continued to increase since the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations against prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for all men in 2012, approximately half of additional diagnosed cases are advanced-stage, including regional PCa and metastatic PCa (mPCa). It is very important to investigate the shift in mPCa incidence and mPCa-related mortality risk, as the survival of mPCa remains poor. Objective To investigate the incidence temporal trend of mPCa stratified by metastatic site, including bone and visceral metastatic involvement, and potential survival improvements. Materials Based on the recently released Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data (2010-2019), the age-adjusted incidence rates of mPCa with bone and visceral involvement with annual percentage changes (APCs) were assessed by a joinpoint regression model in men aged 45 years and older by age and race groups, and potential recent improvements in overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Results From 2010 to 2019, a total of 19081 (84.8%) and 3413 (15.2%) mPCa patients with bone and visceral involvement, respectively, were recorded in the SEER database. Considering all races and age groups, the incidence rate of mPCa with bone metastasis remained stable during 2017-2019 (APC, 0.9%; p=0.421) after increasing during 2010-2017 (APC, 5.8%; p<0.001). For visceral metastasis, the incidence rate increased by 12.3% (p<0.001) per year from 2010-2019. Non-Hispanic Black men have higher incidence rates than other populations, and the Non-Hispanic Black to Non-Hispanic White incidence rates ratios of mPCa declined with the greater increasing pace of incidence of Non-Hispanic White men. There was a slight improvement in both OS and CSS among men with bone and visceral metastasis involvement when comparing the 2013-2016 period to the pre-2013 period. Conclusion Our findings show that the incidence of mPCa with bone and visceral involvement has increased in recent years and that there has been a potential improvement in survival. Future efforts are still needed to watch closely if the rising incidence trends continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohaer Kadeerhan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Xue
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Nan Chen
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Wen Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Jeong SH, Kim HH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Won CK, Park KI, Kim E, Heo JD, Kim HW, Ahn M, Seong JK, Kim GS. Flavones: The Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer of Three Flavones Selected as Therapeutic Candidate Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119240. [PMID: 37298192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread but dangerous disease that can strike anyone and is the second 1leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer, in particular, is a prevalent cancer that occurs in men, and much research is being done on its treatment. Although chemical drugs are effective, they have various side effects, and accordingly, anticancer drugs using natural products are emerging. To date, many natural candidates have been discovered, and new drugs are being developed as drugs to treat prostate cancer. Representative candidate compounds that have been studied to be effective in prostate cancer include apigenin, acacetin and tangeretin of the flavone family among flavonoids. In this review, we look at the effects of these three flavones on prostate cancer cells via apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in addition to the existing drugs, we suggest the three flavones and their effectiveness as natural anticancer agents, a treatment model for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyo Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kil Won
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Integrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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6
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Berenguer CV, Pereira F, Câmara JS, Pereira JAM. Underlying Features of Prostate Cancer-Statistics, Risk Factors, and Emerging Methods for Its Diagnosis. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2300-2321. [PMID: 36826139 PMCID: PMC9955741 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently occurring type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of oncological death in men. PCa is very heterogeneous in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, displaying complex features. This tumor often has indolent growth, not compromising the patient's quality of life, while its more aggressive forms can manifest rapid growth with progression to adjacent organs and spread to lymph nodes and bones. Nevertheless, the overtreatment of PCa patients leads to important physical, mental, and economic burdens, which can be avoided with careful monitoring. Early detection, even in the cases of locally advanced and metastatic tumors, provides a higher chance of cure, and patients can thus go through less aggressive treatments with fewer side effects. Furthermore, it is important to offer knowledge about how modifiable risk factors can be an effective method for reducing cancer risk. Innovations in PCa diagnostics and therapy are still required to overcome some of the limitations of the current screening techniques, in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In this context, this review provides a brief overview of PCa statistics, reporting its incidence and mortality rates worldwide, risk factors, and emerging screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina V. Berenguer
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ferdinando Pereira
- SESARAM—Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, EPERAM, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Avenida Luís de Camões 6180, 9000-177 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chakraborty S, Roychoudhury S. Pathological Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Male Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:41-62. [PMID: 35641865 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals that have at least one unpaired electron and play specific roles in the human body. An imbalance of ROS and antioxidant levels gives rise to a condition called oxidative stress. High levels of ROS in the male reproductive tract can interfere with its normal functioning and can even pose as toxic to the sperm, inhibiting sperm functioning (including motility) and metabolism. Oxidative stress resulting from ROS and lipid peroxidation is one of the major causes of male infertility including infertility in varicocele patients. These may cause DNA and peroxidative damage and apoptosis. Production of ROS in excess also leads to erectile dysfunction (ED). In recent years, studies have also linked oxidative stress with the development, progress, and therapy response of prostate cancer patients. The present study summarizes the pathological roles of ROS in male reproductive problems such as infertility, ED, and prostate cancer and also provide an insight into the probable mechanism through which ROS exert their pathological impact.
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8
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Johnson JR, Woods-Burnham L, Hooker SE, Batai K, Kittles RA. Genetic Contributions to Prostate Cancer Disparities in Men of West African Descent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770500. [PMID: 34820334 PMCID: PMC8606679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of death in men worldwide, after adjusting for age. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, continents such as North America and Europe report higher incidence of PCa; however, mortality rates are highest among men of African ancestry in the western, southern, and central regions of Africa and the Caribbean. The American Cancer Society reports, African Americans (AAs), in the United States, have a 1.7 increased incidence and 2.4 times higher mortality rate, compared to European American's (EAs). Hence, early population history in west Africa and the subsequent African Diaspora may play an important role in understanding the global disproportionate burden of PCa shared among Africans and other men of African descent. Nonetheless, disparities involved in diagnosis, treatment, and survival of PCa patients has also been correlated to socioeconomic status, education and access to healthcare. Although recent studies suggest equal PCa treatments yield equal outcomes among patients, data illuminates an unsettling reality of disparities in treatment and care in both, developed and developing countries, especially for men of African descent. Yet, even after adjusting for the effects of the aforementioned factors; racial disparities in mortality rates remain significant. This suggests that molecular and genomic factors may account for much of PCa disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Stanley E. Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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9
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Overall survival of black and white men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): a 20-year retrospective analysis in the largest healthcare trust in England. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:718-724. [PMID: 33479454 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-00316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer in black men is associated with poorer outcomes than their white counterparts. However, most studies reporting this disparity were conducted in localized prostate cancer and primarily in the United States. METHODS Data regarding prostate cancer incidence and mortality for East London between 2008 and 2010 were obtained from the UK National Disease Registration Service. We further evaluated survival outcomes of 425 cases of mCRPC in St Bartholomew's Hospital, East London, between 1997 and 2016, and analyzed whether ethnicity impacted on responses to different treatment types. RESULTS The incidence of prostate cancer in black men was higher than white men in East London. Prostate cancer-specific mortality was proportional to incidence based on ethnic groups. In the detailed analysis of 425 patients, 103 patients (24%) were black (B), and the remainder white (W). Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups, although black patients had a lower baseline hemoglobin (p < 0.001). Median overall survival for the total cohort was 25.5 months (B) vs 21.8 months (W) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, p = 0.08). There was prolonged survival in the black population in those who only received hormone-based treatment throughout their treatment course; 39.7 months (B) vs 17.1 months (W) (HR = 0.54, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Black men may do better than white men with mCRPC, in the context of equal access to healthcare. The study also suggests a greater margin of benefit of hormone-based therapy in the black subpopulation.
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10
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Batai K, Hooker S, Kittles RA. Leveraging genetic ancestry to study health disparities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:363-375. [PMID: 32935870 PMCID: PMC8246846 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research to understand human genomic variation and its implications in health has great potential to contribute in the reduction of health disparities. Biological anthropology can play important roles in genomics and health disparities research using a biocultural approach. This paper argues that racial/ethnic categories should not be used as a surrogate for sociocultural factors or global genomic clusters in biomedical research or clinical settings, because of the high genetic heterogeneity that exists within traditional racial/ethnic groups. Genetic ancestry is used to show variation in ancestral genomic contributions to recently admixed populations in the United States, such as African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans. Genetic ancestry estimates are also used to examine the relationship between ancestry-related biological and sociocultural factors affecting health disparities. To localize areas of genomes that contribute to health disparities, admixture mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often used. Recent GWAS have identified many genetic variants that are highly differentiated among human populations that are associated with disease risk. Some of these are population-specific variants. Many of these variants may impact disease risk and help explain a portion of the difference in disease burden among racial/ethnic groups. Genetic ancestry is also of particular interest in precision medicine and disparities in drug efficacy and outcomes. By using genetic ancestry, we can learn about potential biological differences that may contribute to the heterogeneity observed across self-reported racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Department of UrologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Stanley Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Duan Q, Li X, He X, Shen X, Cao Y, Zhang R, Bai X, Zhang J, Ma X. A duplex probe-directed recombinase amplification assay for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms on 8q24 associated with prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 54:e9549. [PMID: 33263645 PMCID: PMC7695445 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have important application value in the research of population genetics, hereditary diseases, tumors, and drug development. Conventional methods for detecting SNPs are typically based on PCR or DNA sequencing, which is time-consuming, costly, and requires complex instrumentation. In this study, we present a duplex probe-directed recombinase amplification (duplex-PDRA) assay that can perform real-time detection of two SNPs (rs6983267 and rs1447295) in four reactions in two tubes at 39°C within 30 min. The sensitivity of duplex-PDRA was 2×103-104 copies per reaction and no cross-reactivity was observed. A total of 382 clinical samples (179 prostate cancer patients and 203 controls) from northern China were collected and tested by duplex-PDRA assay and direct sequencing. The genotyping results were completely identical. In addition, the association analysis of two SNPs with prostate cancer risk and bone metastasis was conducted. We found that the TT genotype of rs6983267 (OR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.23-0.78; P=0.005) decreased the risk of prostate cancer, while the CA genotype of rs1447295 (OR: 1.89; 95%CI: 1.20-2.96; P=0.005) increased the risk of prostate cancer. However, no association between the two SNPs (rs6983267 and rs1447295) and bone metastasis in prostate cancer was found in this study (P>0.05). In conclusion, the duplex-PDRA assay is an effective method for the simultaneous detection of two SNPs and shows great potential for widespread use in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Duan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China.,Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Xueding Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
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12
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Pal G, Di L, Orunmuyi A, Olapade-Olaopa EO, Qiu W, Ogunwobi OO. Population Differentiation at the PVT1 Gene Locus: Implications for Prostate Cancer. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:2257-2264. [PMID: 32358016 PMCID: PMC7341130 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in susceptibility to complex diseases, such as cancer, is well-established. Enrichment of disease associated alleles in specific populations could have implications for disease incidence and prevalence. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with well-established higher incidence, prevalence, and worse outcomes among men of African ancestry in comparison to other populations. PCa is a multi-factorial, complex disease, but the exact mechanisms for its development and progression are unclear. The gene desert located on chromosome 8q24 is associated with aggressiveness of PCa. Interestingly, the non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation (PVT1) is present at chromosome 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa. PVT1 gives rise to multiple transcripts with potentially different molecular and cellular functions. In an analysis of the PVT1 locus using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we found the chromosomal region spanning PVT1 exons 4A and 4B to be highly differentiated between African and non-African populations. We further investigated levels of gene expression of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B and observed significant overexpression of these exons in PCa tissues relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia and to normal prostate tissues obtained from men of African ancestry. These results indicate that PVT1 exons 4A and 4B may have clinical implications in PCa a conclusion supported by the observation that transient and stable overexpression of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B significantly induce greater prostate epithelial cell migration and proliferation. We anticipate that further exploration of the role of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B may lead to the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and other clinical applications in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, NY
| | - Lia Di
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, NY
| | | | | | - Weigang Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, NY
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, NY,
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
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13
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Tong Y, Tang Y, Li S, Zhao F, Ying J, Qu Y, Niu X, Mu D. Cumulative evidence of relationships between multiple variants in 8q24 region and cancer incidence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20716. [PMID: 32590746 PMCID: PMC7328976 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 8q24. We aimed to evaluate the associations between variants in the 8q24 region and cancer susceptibility. A comprehensive research synopsis and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate associations between 28 variants in 8q24 and risk of 7 cancers using data from 103 eligible articles totaling 146,932 cancer cases and 219,724 controls. Results: 20 variants were significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, stomach cancer, and glioma, including 1 variant associated with prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer. Cumulative epidemiological evidence of an association was graded as strong for DG8S737 -8 allele, rs10090154, rs7000448 in prostate cancer, rs10808556 in colorectal cancer, rs55705857 in gliomas, rs9642880 in bladder cancer, moderate for rs16901979, rs1447295, rs6983267, rs7017300, rs7837688, rs1016343, rs620861, rs10086908 associated in prostate cancer, rs10505477, rs6983267 in colorectal cancer, rs6983267 in thyroid cancer, rs13281615 in breast cancer, and rs1447295 in stomach cancer, weak for rs6983561, rs13254738, rs7008482, rs4242384 in prostate cancer. Data from ENCODE suggested that these variants with strong evidence and other correlated variants might fall within putative functional regions. Our study provides summary evidence that common variants in the 8q24 are associated with risk of multiple cancers in this large-scale research synopsis and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying variants in the 8q24 involved in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
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14
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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15
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Lin HY, Callan CY, Fang Z, Tung HY, Park JY. Interactions of PVT1 and CASC11 on Prostate Cancer Risk in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1067-1075. [PMID: 30914434 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American (AA) men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than white men. SNPs are known to play an important role in developing prostate cancer. The impact of PVT1 and its neighborhood genes (CASC11 and MYC) on prostate cancer risk are getting more attention recently. The interactions among these three genes associated with prostate cancer risk are understudied, especially for AA men. The objective of this study is to investigate SNP-SNP interactions in the CASC11-MYC-PVT1 region associated with prostate cancer risk in AA men. METHODS We evaluated 205 SNPs using the 2,253 prostate cancer patients and 2,423 controls and applied multiphase (discovery-validation) design. In addition to SNP individual effects, SNP-SNP interactions were evaluated using the SNP Interaction Pattern Identifier, which assesses 45 patterns. RESULTS Three SNPs (rs9642880, rs16902359, and rs12680047) and 79 SNP-SNP pairs were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. These two SNPs (rs16902359 and rs9642880) in CASC11 interacted frequently with other SNPs with 56 and 9 pairs, respectively. We identified the novel interaction of CASC11-PVT1, which is the most common gene interaction (70%) in the top 79 pairs. Several top SNP interactions have a moderate to large effect size (OR, 0.27-0.68) and have a higher prediction power to prostate cancer risk than SNP individual effects. CONCLUSIONS Novel SNP-SNP interactions in the CASC11-MYC-PVT1 region have a larger impact than SNP individual effects on prostate cancer risk in AA men. IMPACT This gene-gene interaction between CASC11 and PVT1 can provide valuable information to reveal potential biological mechanisms of prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Catherine Y Callan
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Heng-Yuan Tung
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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16
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Tong Y, Yu T, Li S, Zhao F, Ying J, Qu Y, Mu D. Cumulative Evidence for Relationships Between 8q24 Variants and Prostate Cancer. Front Physiol 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30061842 PMCID: PMC6055007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 8q24 have been identified by GWAS (Genome-wide association studies). Forty six articles including 60,293 cases and 62,971 controls were collected to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between 21 variants in 8q24 and prostate cancer risk. Of the 21 variants located in 8q2\5 were significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer. In particular, both homozygous AA and heterozygous CA genotypes of rs16901979, as well as the AA and CA genotypes of rs1447295, were associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Our study showed that variants in the 8q24 region are associated with prostate cancer risk in this large-scale research synopsis and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to explore the role of the 8q24 variants involved in the etiology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Prostate cancer clinical presentation, incidence, mortality and survival in Guadeloupe over the period 2008–2013 from a population-based cancer registry. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:1265-1273. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Li R, Qin Z, Tang J, Han P, Xing Q, Wang F, Si S, Wu X, Tang M, Wang W, Zhang W. Association between 8q24 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2017; 8:3198-3211. [PMID: 29158792 PMCID: PMC5665036 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Though numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the associations between five 8q24 polymorphisms (rs6983267 T>G, rs1447295 C>A, rs16901979 C>A, rs6983561 A>C and rs10090154 C>T) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk, the available results remained contradictory. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to derive a precise estimation of such associations. We searched electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Wan Fang for the relevant available studies up to February 1st, 2017, and 39 articles were ultimately adopted in this meta-analysis. All data were extracted independently by two investigators and recorded in a unified form. The strength of association between 8q24 polymorphisms and PCa susceptibility was evaluated by the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis was conducted based on ethnicity, source of controls and genotypic method. Overall, a total of 39 articles containing 80 studies were adopted in this meta-analysis. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that five 8q24 polymorphisms above were all related to PCa susceptibility. Besides, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, all selected 8q24 polymorphisms were significantly associated with PCa risk in Asian population. In addition, stratification analysis by source of controls showed that significant results were mostly concentrated in the studies' controls from general population. Moreover, when stratified by genotypic method, significant increased PCa risks were found by TaqMan method. Therefore, this meta-analysis demonstrated that 8q24 polymorphisms (rs6983267 T>G, rs1447295 C>A, rs16901979 C>A, rs6983561 A>C and rs10090154 C>T) were associated with the susceptibility to PCa, which held the potential biomarkers for PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qianwei Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuhui Si
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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19
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Association between 8q24 rs6983267 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 170,737 subjects. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57421-57439. [PMID: 28915683 PMCID: PMC5593654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Published data on the association between 8q24 rs6983267 polymorphism and cancer risk are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between rs6983267 polymorphism and cancer risk. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to November 1, 2016 for relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of this association. We included 78 case-control studies with a total of 73,996 cases and 96,741 controls in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that rs6983267 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of overall cancer in all genetic models (dominant model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.13–1.26; recessive model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.14–1.25; homozygous model: OR= 1.31, 95% CI = 1.23–1.40; heterozygous model: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10–1.19; allelic model: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.11–1.18). Stratified analyses indicated that rs6983267 significantly increased the risk of colorectal cancer in Caucasians, prostate cancer in Caucasians and Asians, thyroid cancer in Caucasians and lung cancer in Asians. When studies were stratified by study quality, source of controls and genotyping method, significant associations were especially found in the high quality studies, the publication-based studies, the hospital-based studies, and the PCR-RFLP studies. Additional well-designed studies with large samples should be performed to validate our results.
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20
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Bishop KS, Han DY, Karunasinghe N, Goudie M, Masters JG, Ferguson LR. An examination of clinical differences between carriers and non-carriers of chromosome 8q24 risk alleles in a New Zealand Caucasian population with prostate cancer. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1731. [PMID: 26966665 PMCID: PMC4782686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Prostate cancer makes up approximately 15% of all cancers diagnosed in men in developed nations and approximately 4% of cases in developing nations. Although it is clear that prostate cancer has a genetic component and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can contribute to prostate cancer risk, detecting associations is difficult in multi-factorial diseases, as environmental and lifestyle factors also play a role. In this study, specific clinical characteristics, environmental factors and genetic risk factors were assessed for interaction with prostate cancer. Methods. A total of 489 prostate cancer cases and 427 healthy controls were genotyped for SNPs found on chromosome 8q24 and a genetic risk score was calculated. In addition the SNPs were tested for an association with a number of clinical and environmental factors. Results. Age and tobacco use were positively associated, whilst alcohol consumption was negatively associated with prostate cancer risk. The following SNPs found on chromosome 8q24 were statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer: rs10086908, rs16901979; rs1447295and rs4242382. No association between Gleason score and smoking status, or between Gleason score and genotype were detected. Conclusion. A genetic risk score was calculated based on the 15 SNPs tested and found to be significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Smoking significantly contributed to the risk of developing prostate cancer, and this risk was further increased by the presence of four SNPs in the 8q24 chromosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Dug Yeo Han
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Megan Goudie
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jonathan G Masters
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Nutrigenomics New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Li Q, Liu X, Hua RX, Wang F, An H, Zhang W, Zhu JH. Association of three 8q24 polymorphisms with prostate cancer susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis with 50,854 subjects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12069. [PMID: 26159557 PMCID: PMC4498192 DOI: 10.1038/srep12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The 8q24 polymorphisms have been implicated in various cancers. Three 8q24 polymorphisms (rs1447295 C>A, rs16901979 C>A, and rs6983267 T>G) have been extensively investigated for their association with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility, yet conclusions are contradictory. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to reevaluate the associations between those polymorphisms and PCa susceptibility, according to the latest meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). Eligible publications were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE and CBM. False positive report possibility analysis was performed. We totally collected 20184 cases and 20439 controls from 20 studies for the rs1447295 C>A, 1850 cases and 2090 controls from 7 studies for the rs16901979 C>A, and 12233 cases and 7582 controls from 17 studies for the rs6983267 T>G. Overall, each of studied 8q24 polymorphisms was significantly associated with PCa risk individually. Significant associations were also observed in stratified analysis by ethnicity, source of control, and quality score. Interestingly, the effect of rs1447295 on PCa risk was observed among Caucasians and Asians, but not Africa-Americans. The effect of rs16901979 was more prominent among Africa-Americans than Asians. Likewise, rs6983267 conferred a higher Pca risk among Caucasians than Asians. Collectively, these 8q24 variant(s) may modulate PCa risk in an ethnic-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxin Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Rui-Xi Hua
- Department of Oncology, First affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Uorology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Hengqing An
- Department of Uorology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Jin-Hong Zhu
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjang, 150040, China
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22
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Ren XQ, Zhang JG, Xin SY, Cheng T, Li L, Ren WH. Variants on 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:8561-8570. [PMID: 26309507 PMCID: PMC4538115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified 8q24 as an important region to prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of six genetic variants on 8q24 (rs1447295, A; rs6983267, G; rs6983561, C; rs7837688, T; rs10090154, T and rs16901979, A) on PCa risk in Chinese population. Online electronic databases were searched to retrieve related articles concerning the association between 8q24 variants and PCa risk in men of Chinese population published between 2000 and 2014. Odds ratio (ORs) with its 95% correspondence interval (CI) were employed to assess the strength of association. Total eleven case-control studies were screened out, including 2624 PCa patients and 2438 healthy controls. Our results showed that three risk alleles of rs1447295 A (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.19-1.53, P<0.00001), rs6983561 C (C vs. A: OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.21-1.63, P<0.00001) and rs10090154 T (T vs. C: OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.22-1.80, P<0.00001) on8q24 were significantly associated with PCa risk in Chinese population. Furthermore, genotypes of rs1447295, AA+AC; rs6983561, CC+AC and CC; rs10090154, TT+TC; and rs16901979, AA were associated with PCa as well (P<0.01). No association was found between rs6983267, rs7837688 and PCa risk. In conclusions, variants including rs1447295, rs6983561, rs10090154 and rs16901979 on 8q24 might be associated with PCa risk in Chinese population, indicating these four variations may contribute risk to this disease. This meta-analysis was the first study to assess the role of 8q24 variants on PCa risk in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnoloyLuoyang 471003, He’nan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnoloyLuoyang 471003, He’nan, China
| | - Shi-Yong Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnoloyLuoyang 471003, He’nan, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnoloyLuoyang 471003, He’nan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnoloyLuoyang 471003, He’nan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Ren
- Central Laboratory, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityLuoyang 471009, He’nan, China
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23
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Cropp CD, Robbins CM, Sheng X, Hennis AJ, Carpten JD, Waterman L, Worrell R, Schwantes-An TH, Trent JM, Haiman CA, Leske MC, Wu SY, Bailey-Wilson JE, Nemesure B. 8q24 risk alleles and prostate cancer in African-Barbadian men. Prostate 2014; 74:1579-88. [PMID: 25252079 PMCID: PMC4322001 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American men (AA) exhibit a disproportionate share of prostate cancer (PRCA) incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Several genetic association studies have implicated select 8q24 loci in PRCA risk in AA. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the association between previously reported 8q24 risk alleles and PRCA in African-Barbadian (AB) men known to have high rates of PRCA. METHODS Ten previously reported candidate tag SNPs were genotyped and/or imputed in the 8q24 region in 532 AB men with PRCA and 513 AB controls from the Prostate Cancer in a Black Population (PCBP) study. RESULTS Rs2124036 was significant in AB men, (OR = 2.7, 95% CI (1.3-5.3), P = 0.005, Empirical (max (T), corrected for multiple testing) P = 0.03) for the homozygous C/C genotype. Only a single SNP from this region remained statistically significant in our analysis of our AB population. These results may indicate the presence of a founder effect or due to the chosen SNPs not tagging an ancestral haplotype bearing the 8q24 risk allele(s) in this population or could reflect inadequate power to detect an association. We conducted a meta-analysis including our AB population along with two additional African Caribbean populations from Tobago and Jamaica for SNPs rs16901979 and rs1447295. Meta-analysis results were most significant for rs16901979 A allele (Z score 2.73; P = 0.006) with a summary OR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09-1.58). CONCLUSIONS Additional studies are needed to provide deeper genotype coverage to further interrogate the 8q24 region to understand its contribution to PRCA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D. Cropp
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christiane M. Robbins
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anselm J.M. Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - John D. Carpten
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Lyndon Waterman
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ronald Worrell
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - M. Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
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Jones AL, Chinegwundoh F. Update on prostate cancer in black men within the UK. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:455. [PMID: 25228911 PMCID: PMC4154945 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence which can be traced back to the African transatlantic slave trade indicating that black men have a higher risk of prostate cancer compared to other ethnic groups. Migration to Westernised countries may have had little effect on the incidence of prostate cancer in this ethnic group; however, current evidence indicates that there are several complex factors that may contribute to this risk. Studies in the UK quote that black men are at 2-3 times the risk of prostate cancer in comparison to their Caucasian counterparts, with a 30% higher mortality rate. Caution should be taken prior to the interpretation of these results due to a paucity of research in this area, limited accurate ethnicity data, and lack of age-specific standardisation for comparison. Cultural attitudes towards prostate cancer and health care in general may have a significant impact on these figures, combined with other clinico-pathological associations. This update summarises new contributory research on this subject, highlighting the need to increase awareness and understanding of prostate cancer amongst high-risk communities and to support further robust research in this area by nominating a lead in cancer and ethnicity studies within the National Health Service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeyna Lc Jones
- Department of Urology, Barts NHS Health Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Frank Chinegwundoh
- Department of Urology, Barts NHS Health Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK
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Helfand BT, Catalona WJ. The Epidemiology and Clinical Implications of Genetic Variation in Prostate Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2014; 41:277-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Piao JM, Shin MH, Kim HN, Song HR, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Shim HJ, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Kim SH, Choi YD, Cui LH. Replication of results of genome-wide association studies on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility loci in a Korean population. Dis Esophagus 2013; 27:798-801. [PMID: 24152165 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two recent genome-wide association studies have identified that the rs2274223 single-nucleotide polymorphism inphospholipase C epsilon 1 and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13042395 in C20orf54 are involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Chinese populations. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of phospholipase C epsilon 1 and C20orf54 are also associated with ESCC in a Korean population. The rs2274223 and rs13042395 genotyping was performed using high-resolution melting analysis. The rs2274223 GG genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of ESCC (odds ratio [OR]=1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.08-3.25) compared with the rs2274223 AA genotype. The rs13042395 G allele showed a significantly decreased risk of ESCC in the younger age group (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.52-0.97) and no significant association in the older group (OR=1.19, 95% CI=0.87-1.62). We observed that the rs2274223 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ESCC in this Korean case-control study and that age may modify the association between the rs13042395 polymorphism and the risk of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Piao
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
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Master VA, Moses KA. Racial disparities in prostate cancer care: Is adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines good enough for our patients? Cancer 2013; 119:2209-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj A. Master
- Department of Urology, Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Kelvin A. Moses
- Division of Urology; Georgia Health Sciences University Cancer Center; Atlanta Georgia
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Oskina NA, Boyarskikh UA, Lazarev AF, Petrova VD, Ganov DI, Tonacheva OG, Lifshits GI, Filipenko ML. A replication study examining association of rs6983267, rs10090154, and rs1447295 common single nucleotide polymorphisms in 8q24 region with prostate cancer in Siberians. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:37.e7-12. [PMID: 23628314 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple genetic studies have confirmed association of 8q24 variants with susceptibility to prostate cancer (CaP). However, the risk conferred in men living in Russia is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work we studied the association of rs6983267, rs10090154, and rs1447295 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a risk of CaP development in men of Caucasoid descent living in the Siberian region of Russia. Three 8q24 SNPs were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction in histologically confirmed CaP "cases" (n = 392) and clinically evaluated "controls" (n = 344). To evaluate the SNP effects on CaP susceptibility, odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) 95% were calculated. Allele and genotype frequencies in the groups were compared using logistic regression; differences were considered statistically significant if P<0.05. RESULTS We showed statistically significant association of the A allele of rs1447295 (OR [CI 95%] = 1.96 [1.37-2.81], P<0.0001) and the T allele of rs10090154 (OR [CI 95%] = 2.14 [1.41-3.26], P<0.0001) with CaP. The T-A rs10090154 to rs1447295 haplotype was also associated with CaP (OR [CI 95%] = 2.47 [1.59-3.85], P<0.0001). There was no significant association with the T allele of rs6983267: OR [CI 95%] = 0.9 [0.73-1.11], P> 0.05. CONCLUSION Thus, our investigation confirms the role of chromosomal region 8q24 in the development of CaP in the Russian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Oskina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Ulyana A Boyarskikh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr F Lazarev
- Altai Affiliated Department of Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Valentina D Petrova
- Altai Affiliated Department of Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Ganov
- Altai Affiliated Department of Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Barnaul, Russia
| | | | - Galina I Lifshits
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Common variants at 8q24 are associated with prostate cancer risk in Serbian population. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:559-69. [PMID: 23532531 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This study aimed to evaluate possible association between genotypes and alleles of 8q24 polymorphisms (rs1447295, rs4242382, rs6983267, rs7017300, and rs7837688) and PCa risk and progression. 150 patients with PCa, 150 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 100 healthy controls selected from the general population were recruited for this study. SNPs were genotyped by using PCR-RFLP analysis. There was a significant positive association between the A allele of the SNP rs4242382 and PCa risk [PCa vs. BPH comparison, P = 0.014 for the best-fitting dominant model; odds ratio (OR) =1.98; 95 % confidence interval (95%CI) 1.14-3.43]. We found evidence (P = 0.0064) of association between PCa risk and rs7017300 (heterozygote OR = 1.60; 95%CI 0.95-2.69) when comparing genotype distributions in PCa and BPH patients. The association between T allele rs7837688 and PCa risk was determined in PCa vs. BPH comparison with the best-fitting model of inheritance being log-additive (P = 0.0033; OR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.27-3.61). Odds ratio for carriers of rs6983267 TT genotype under recessive model of association with PCa was found to be 0.36 (PCa vs. control comparison, P = 0.0029; 95%CI 0.19-0.71). For rs1447295, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in BPH patients and controls. We found no association between parameters of PCa progression and five 8q24 SNPs. Locus 8q24 harbors genetic variants associated with PCa risk in Serbian population.
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McEwan MV, Eccles MR, Horsfield JA. Cohesin is required for activation of MYC by estradiol. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49160. [PMID: 23145106 PMCID: PMC3493498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is best known as a multi-subunit protein complex that holds together replicated sister chromatids from S phase until G2. Cohesin also has an important role in the regulation of gene expression. We previously demonstrated that the cohesin complex positively regulates expression of the oncogene MYC. Cell proliferation driven by MYC contributes to many cancers, including breast cancer. The MYC oncogene is estrogen-responsive and a transcriptional target of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Estrogen-induced cohesin binding sites coincide with ERα binding at the MYC locus, raising the possibility that cohesin and ERα combine actions to regulate MYC transcription. The objective of this study was to investigate a putative role for cohesin in estrogen induction of MYC expression. We found that siRNA-targeted depletion of a cohesin subunit, RAD21, decreased MYC expression in ER-positive (MCF7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. In addition, RAD21 depletion blocked estradiol-mediated activation of MYC in ER-positive cell lines, and decreased ERα binding to estrogen response elements (EREs) upstream of MYC, without affecting total ERα levels. Treatment of MCF7 cells with estradiol caused enrichment of RAD21 binding at upstream enhancers and at the P2 promoter of MYC. Enriched binding at all sites, except the P2 promoter, was dependent on ERα. Since RAD21 depletion did not affect transcription driven by an exogenous reporter construct containing a naked ERE, chromatin-based mechanisms are likely to be involved in cohesin-dependent MYC transcription. This study demonstrates that ERα activation of MYC can be modulated by cohesin. Together, these results demonstrate a novel role for cohesin in estrogen-mediated regulation of MYC and the first evidence that cohesin plays a role in ERα binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda V. McEwan
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Murphy AB, Ukoli F, Freeman V, Bennett F, Aiken W, Tullock T, Coard K, Angwafo F, Kittles RA. 8q24 risk alleles in West African and Caribbean men. Prostate 2012; 72:1366-73. [PMID: 22234922 PMCID: PMC3346887 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic studies have confirmed associations of 8q24 variants with susceptibility to prostate cancer (CaP). However, the magnitude of risk conferred in men living in West Africa is unknown. METHODS Here we determine the prevalence of 8q24 risk alleles and test for association with CaP risk alleles in West African (WA) descent populations from rural Nigeria, Cameroon, and the Caribbean island of Jamaica. Ten 8q24 SNPs were genotyped in histologically confirmed CaP cases (n = 308) and clinically evaluated controls (n = 469). In addition, unrelated individuals from Sierra Leone (n = 380) were genotyped for comparison of allele frequency comparisons. RESULTS SNPs rs6983561, rs7008482, and rs16901979 were significantly associated with CaP risk in WAs (P < 0.03). No associations with CaP were observed in our Caribbean samples. Risk alleles for rs6983267, rs7008482, and rs7000448 were highly prevalent (>84%) in West Africa. We also reveal that the A-risk allele for the 'African-specific' SNP bd11934905 was not observed in 1,886 chromosomes from three WA ethnic groups suggesting that this allele may not be common across West Africa, but is geographically restricted to specific ethnic group(s). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of association of 8q24 SNPs with prostate cancer risk in men from Nigeria and Cameroon. Our study is the first to reveal genetic risk due to 8q24 variants (in particular, region 2) with CaP within two WA countries. Most importantly, in light of the disparate burden of CaP in African-Americans, our findings support the need for larger genetic studies in WA descent populations to validate and discern function of susceptibility loci in the 8q24 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine 251 E. Huron Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Flora Ukoli
- Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B.Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Vincent Freeman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Frankly Bennett
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - William Aiken
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - Trevor Tullock
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - Kathleen Coard
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - Fru Angwafo
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
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Larkin SET, Townsend PA. ASSOCIATION OF COMMON VARIATIONS OF 8q24 WITH THE RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER IN KOREANS AND A REVIEW OF THE ASIAN POPULATION. BJU Int 2012; 110:E326. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Batai K, Shah E, Murphy AB, Newsome J, Ruden M, Ahaghotu C, Kittles RA. Fine-mapping of IL16 gene and prostate cancer risk in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2059-68. [PMID: 22923025 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States, and its incidence and mortality rates are disproportionate among ethnic groups. Although genome-wide association studies of European descents have identified candidate loci associated with prostate cancer risk, including a variant in IL16, replication studies in African Americans (AA) have been inconsistent. Here we explore single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in IL16 in AAs and test for association with prostate cancer. METHODS Association tests were conducted for 2,257 genotyped and imputed SNPs spanning IL16 in 605 AA prostate cancer cases and controls from Washington, D.C. Eleven of them were also genotyped in a replication population of 1,093 AAs from Chicago. We tested for allelic association adjusting for age, global and local West African ancestry. RESULTS Analyses of genotyped and imputed SNPs revealed that a cluster of IL16 SNPs were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. The strongest association was found at rs7175701 (P = 9.8 × 10(-8)). In the Chicago population, another SNP (rs11556218) was associated with prostate cancer risk (P = 0.01). In the pooled analysis, we identified three independent loci within IL16 that were associated with prostate cancer risk. SNP expression quantitative trait loci analyses revealed that rs7175701 is predicted to influence the expression of IL16 and other cancer-related genes. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that IL16 polymorphisms play a role in prostate cancer susceptibility among AAs. IMPACT Our findings are significant given that there has been limited focus on the role of IL16 genetic polymorphisms on prostate cancer risk in AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Institute of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-4067, USA
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Genetic and functional analyses implicate the NUDT11, HNF1B, and SLC22A3 genes in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:11252-7. [PMID: 22730461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200853109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central goals of human genetics is to discover the genes and pathways driving human traits. To date, most of the common risk alleles discovered through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) map to nonprotein-coding regions. Because of our relatively poorer understanding of this part of the genome, the functional consequences of trait-associated variants pose a considerable challenge. To identify the genes through which risk loci act, we hypothesized that the risk variants are regulatory elements. For each of 12 known risk polymorphisms, we evaluated the correlation between risk allele status and transcript abundance for all annotated protein-coding transcripts within a 1-Mb interval. A total of 103 transcripts were evaluated in 662 prostate tissue samples [normal (n = 407) and tumor (n = 255)] from 483 individuals [European Americans (n = 233), Japanese (n = 127), and African Americans (n = 123)]. In a pooled analysis, 4 of the 12 risk variants were strongly associated with five transcripts (NUDT11, MSMB, NCOA4, SLC22A3, and HNF1B) in histologically normal tissue (P ≤ 0.001). Although associations were also observed in tumor tissue, they tended to be more attenuated. Previously, we showed that MSMB and NCOA4 participate in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Suppressing the expression of NUDT11, SLC22A3, and HNF1B influences cellular phenotypes associated with tumor-related properties in prostate cancer cells. Taken together, the data suggest that these transcripts contribute to prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Center MM, Jemal A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Ward E, Ferlay J, Brawley O, Bray F. International Variation in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates. Eur Urol 2012; 61:1079-92. [PMID: 22424666 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1073] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Center
- Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002, USA
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Os’kina NA, Boyarskikh UA, Lazarev AF, Petrova VD, Ganov DI, Tonacheva OG, Lifshits GI, Filipenko ML. Association of chromosome 8q24 variants with prostate cancer risk in the Siberian region of Russia and meta-analysis. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Flores I, Muñoz-Antonia T, Matta J, García M, Fenstermacher D, Gutierrez S, Seijo E, Torres-Ruiz J, Pledger WJ, Coppola D. The Establishment of the First Cancer Tissue Biobank at a Hispanic-Serving Institution: A National Cancer Institute-Funded Initiative between Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida and the Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Puerto Rico. Biopreserv Biobank 2011; 9:363-71. [PMID: 24836632 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-based studies are important to address emerging issues in health disparities among populations. The Partnership between the Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) in Florida and the Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences (PSMHS) in Puerto Rico (the PSMHS-MCC Partnership) was developed to facilitate high-quality research, training, and community outreach focusing on the Puerto Rican population in the island and in the mainland, with funding from the National Cancer Institute. We report here the establishment of a Tissue Biobank at PSMHS, modeled after the MCC tissue biorepository, to support translational research projects on this minority population. This facility, the Puerto Rico Tissue Biobank, was jointly developed by a team of basic and clinical scientists from both institutions in close collaboration with the administrators and clinical faculty of the tissue accrual sites. The efforts required and challenges that needed to be overcome to establish the first functional, centralized cancer-related biobank in Puerto Rico, and to ensure that it continuously evolves to address new needs of this underserved Hispanic population, are described. As a result of the collaborative efforts between PSMHS and MCC, a tissue procurement algorithm was successfully established to acquire, process, store, and conduct pathological analyses of cancer-related biospecimens and their associated clinical-pathological data from Puerto Rican patients with cancer recruited at a tertiary hospital setting. All protocols in place are in accordance with standard operational procedures that ensure high quality of biological materials and patient confidentiality. The processes described here provide a model that can be applied to achieve the establishment of a functional biobank in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idhaliz Flores
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Ishak MB, Giri VN. A systematic review of replication studies of prostate cancer susceptibility genetic variants in high-risk men originally identified from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1599-610. [PMID: 21715604 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk-associated genetic variants primarily in populations of European descent. Less is known about the association of these variants in high-risk populations, including men of African descent and men with a family history of prostate cancer. This article provides a detailed review of published studies of prostate cancer-associated genetic variants originally identified in GWAS and replicated in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles replicating GWAS findings (National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS database) were identified by searching PubMed and relevant data were extracted. RESULTS Eleven replication studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in prostate cancer GWAS, 19 SNPs (63%) were replicated in men of African descent and 10 SNPs (33%) were replicated in men with familial and/or hereditary prostate cancer (FPC/HPC). The majority of SNPs were located at the 8q24 region with modest effect sizes (OR 1.11-2.63 in African American men and OR 1.3-2.51 in men with FPC). All replicated SNPs at 8q24 among men of African descent were within or near regions 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed several GWAS markers with replicated associations with prostate cancer in men of African descent and men with FPC/HPC. The 8q24 region continues to be the most implicated in prostate cancer risk. These replication data support ongoing study of clinical utility and potential function of these prostate cancer-associated variants in high-risk men. IMPACT The replicated SNPs presented in this review hold promise for personalizing risk assessment for prostate cancer for high-risk men upon further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B Ishak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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