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Saluja S, Bansal I, Bhardwaj R, Beg MS, Palanichamy JK. Inflammation as a driver of hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1347402. [PMID: 38571491 PMCID: PMC10987768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1347402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that produces all adult blood cells and immune cells from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs usually remain quiescent, and in the presence of external stimuli like infection or inflammation, they undergo division and differentiation as a compensatory mechanism. Normal hematopoiesis is impacted by systemic inflammation, which causes HSCs to transition from quiescence to emergency myelopoiesis. At the molecular level, inflammatory cytokine signaling molecules such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferons, interleukins, and toll-like receptors can all cause HSCs to multiply directly. These cytokines actively encourage HSC activation, proliferation, and differentiation during inflammation, which results in the generation and activation of immune cells required to combat acute injury. The bone marrow niche provides numerous soluble and stromal cell signals, which are essential for maintaining normal homeostasis and output of the bone marrow cells. Inflammatory signals also impact this bone marrow microenvironment called the HSC niche to regulate the inflammatory-induced hematopoiesis. Continuous pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine activation can have detrimental effects on the hematopoietic system, which can lead to cancer development, HSC depletion, and bone marrow failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage DNA and ultimately lead to the transformation of HSCs into cancerous cells, are produced due to chronic inflammation. The biological elements of the HSC niche produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause clonal growth and the development of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in hematological malignancies. The processes underlying how inflammation affects hematological malignancies are still not fully understood. In this review, we emphasize the effects of inflammation on normal hematopoiesis, the part it plays in the development and progression of hematological malignancies, and potential therapeutic applications for targeting these pathways for therapy in hematological malignancies.
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Naef P, Radpour R, Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Bodmer N, Baerlocher GM, Doehner H, Doehner K, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. IL-33-ST2 signaling promotes stemness in subtypes of myeloid leukemia cells through the Wnt and Notch pathways. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd7705. [PMID: 37643244 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell stemness is characterized by quiescence, pluripotency, and long-term self-renewal capacity. Therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the primary cause of relapse in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia (CML and AML). However, the same signaling pathways frequently support stemness in both LSCs and normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), making LSCs difficult to therapeutically target. In cell lines and patient samples, we found that interleukin-33 (IL-33) signaling promoted stemness only in leukemia cells in a subtype-specific manner. The IL-33 receptor ST2 was abundant on the surfaces of CD34+ BCR/ABL1 CML and CD34+ AML cells harboring AML1/ETO and DEK/NUP214 translocations or deletion of chromosome 9q [del(9q)]. The cell surface abundance of ST2, which was lower or absent on other leukemia subtypes and HSCs, correlated with stemness, activated Wnt signaling, and repressed Notch signaling. IL-33-ST2 signaling promoted the maintenance and expansion of AML1/ETO-, DEK/NUP214-, and BCR/ABL1-positive LSCs in culture and in mice by activating Wnt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. Wnt signaling and its inhibition of the Notch pathway up-regulated the expression of the gene encoding ST2, thus forming a cell-autonomous loop. IL-33-ST2 signaling promoted the resistance of CML cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib and of AML cells to standard chemotherapy. Thus, inhibiting IL-33-ST2 signaling may target LSCs to overcome resistance to chemotherapy or TKIs in these subtypes of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Naef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Carla A Jaeger-Ruckstuhl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Nils Bodmer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Baerlocher
- Laboratory for Hematopoiesis and Molecular Genetics, Experimental Hematology, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Konstanze Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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3
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Bhattacharjee R, Ghosh S, Nath A, Basu A, Biswas O, Patil CR, Kundu CN. Theragnostic strategies harnessing the self-renewal pathways of stem-like cells in the acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 177:103753. [PMID: 35803452 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous and aggressive cancer of the Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor cells. It is distinguished by the uncontrollable clonal growth of malignant myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow, venous blood, and other body tissues. AML is the most predominant of leukemias occurring in adults (25%) and children (15-20%). The relapse after chemotherapy is a major concern in the treatment of AML. The overall 5-year survival rate in young AML patients is about 40-45% whereas in the elderly patients it is less than 10%. Leukemia stem-like cells (LSCs) having the ability to self-renew indefinitely, repopulate and persist longer in the G0/G1 phase play a crucial role in the AML relapse and refractoriness to chemotherapy. Hence, novel treatment strategies and diagnostic biomarkers targeting LSCs are being increasingly investigated. Through this review, we have explored the signaling modulations in the LSCs as the theragnostic targets. The significance of the self-renewal pathways in overcoming the treatment challenges in AML has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sharad Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arijit Nath
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asmita Basu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ojaswi Biswas
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chandragauda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, DIPSAR, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Barreto IV, Pessoa FMCDP, Machado CB, Pantoja LDC, Ribeiro RM, Lopes GS, Amaral de Moraes ME, de Moraes Filho MO, de Souza LEB, Burbano RMR, Khayat AS, Moreira-Nunes CA. Leukemic Stem Cell: A Mini-Review on Clinical Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931050. [PMID: 35814466 PMCID: PMC9270022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known for their ability to proliferate and self-renew, thus being responsible for sustaining the hematopoietic system and residing in the bone marrow (BM). Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are recognized by their stemness features such as drug resistance, self-renewal, and undifferentiated state. LSCs are also present in BM, being found in only 0.1%, approximately. This makes their identification and even their differentiation difficult since, despite the mutations, they are cells that still have many similarities with HSCs. Although the common characteristics, LSCs are heterogeneous cells and have different phenotypic characteristics, genetic mutations, and metabolic alterations. This whole set of alterations enables the cell to initiate the process of carcinogenesis, in addition to conferring drug resistance and providing relapses. The study of LSCs has been evolving and its application can help patients, where through its count as a biomarker, it can indicate a prognostic factor and reveal treatment results. The selection of a target to LSC therapy is fundamental. Ideally, the target chosen should be highly expressed by LSCs, highly selective, absence of expression on other cells, in particular HSC, and preferentially expressed by high numbers of patients. In view of the large number of similarities between LSCs and HSCs, it is not surprising that current treatment approaches are limited. In this mini review we seek to describe the immunophenotypic characteristics and mechanisms of resistance presented by LSCs, also approaching possible alternatives for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Valentim Barreto
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Flávia Melo Cunha de Pinho Pessoa
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Caio Bezerra Machado
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Laudreísa da Costa Pantoja
- Department of Pediatrics, Octávio Lobo Children’s Hospital, Belém, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Ceará State University, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes,
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5
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Cai T, Gouble A, Black KL, Skwarska A, Naqvi AS, Taylor D, Zhao M, Yuan Q, Sugita M, Zhang Q, Galetto R, Filipe S, Cavazos A, Han L, Kuruvilla V, Ma H, Weng C, Liu CG, Liu X, Konoplev S, Gu J, Tang G, Su X, Al-Atrash G, Ciurea S, Neelapu SS, Lane AA, Kantarjian H, Guzman ML, Pemmaraju N, Smith J, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Konopleva M. Targeting CD123 in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm using allogeneic anti-CD123 CAR T cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2228. [PMID: 35484100 PMCID: PMC9051102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy with poor outcomes with conventional therapy. Nearly 100% of BPDCNs overexpress interleukin 3 receptor subunit alpha (CD123). Given that CD123 is differentially expressed on the surface of BPDCN cells, it has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. UCART123 is an investigational product consisting of allogeneic T cells expressing an anti-CD123 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), edited with TALEN® nucleases. In this study, we examine the antitumor activity of UCART123 in preclinical models of BPDCN. We report that UCART123 have selective antitumor activity against CD123-positive primary BPDCN samples (while sparing normal hematopoietic progenitor cells) in the in vitro cytotoxicity and T cell degranulation assays; supported by the increased secretion of IFNγ by UCART123 cells when cultured in the presence of BPDCN cells. UCART123 eradicate BPDCN and result in long-term disease-free survival in a subset of primary patient-derived BPDCN xenograft mouse models. One potential challenge of CD123 targeting therapies is the loss of CD123 antigen through diverse genetic mechanisms, an event observed in one of three BPDCN PDX studied. In summary, these results provide a preclinical proof-of-principle that allogeneic UCART123 cells have potent anti-BPDCN activity. Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Here the authors characterize the anti-tumor activity of allogeneic anti-CD123 CAR-T cells in preclinical models of BPDCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Cai
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L Black
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Skwarska
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ammar S Naqvi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Department of Biomedical & Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayumi Sugita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Antonio Cavazos
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Vinitha Kuruvilla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Connie Weng
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gheath Al-Atrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Ciurea
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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6
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Zhang H, Xu H, Zhang R, Zhao X, Liang M, Wei F. Chemosensitization by 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide-induced NF-κB inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:257-266. [PMID: 32696214 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inherent and/or acquired multi-drug resistance might be the instigator of treatment failure for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the current study, we aimed to explored the chemosensitizing effect of 4-HPR on AML therapy. METHODS Luciferase reporter assays were used to test the effect of 4-HPR on transcriptional signaling pathways. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblots were used to confirm the role of 4-HPR in NF-κB inhibition, apoptosis, and drug resistance. MTT and flow cytometry assays were applied to test the drug response and chemosensitizing effect of 4-HPR with AML cell lines and primary AML samples. RESULTS 4-HPR suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α- and daunorubin-induced NF-κB activation in AML cell lines. The expression of anti-apoptotic gene, BCL2, was downregulated, while expressions of pro-apoptotic genes, cIAP, XIAP, and BID, were increased after 4-HPR treatment. Immunoblots showed decreased p65-NF-κB, IκBα, and MDR1, but increased cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and BIM. A low concentration of 4-HPR chemosensitized AML cells to daunorubin treatment in vitro. CONCLUSION 4-HPR-induced NF-κB inhibition was the main driver of the chemosensitizing effect observed in AML cell lines and primary AML samples. These results highlight that 4-HPR might be a promising chemosensitizing agent in AML therapy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Synergism
- Fenretinide/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenggui Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Rahimian A, Mahdavi M, Rahbarghazi R, Charoudeh HN. 4t-CHQ a Spiro-Quinazolinone Benzenesulfonamide Derivative Induces G 0/G 1 Cell Cycle arrest and Triggers Apoptosis Through Down-Regulation of Survivin and Bcl2 in the Leukemia Stem-Like KG1-a Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1340-1349. [PMID: 30868965 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190313165130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many experiments have revealed the anti-tumor activity of spiro-quinazolinone derivatives on different cell types. Exposing KG1-a cells to N-(4- tert- butyl- 4'- oxo- 1'H- spiro [cyclohexane- 1, 2'- quinazoline]- 3'(4'H)- yl)- 4- methyl benzenesulfonamide (4t-CHQ), as an active sub-component of spiroquinazolinone benzenesulfonamides, the experiment investigated the possible mechanisms that manifest the role of 4t-CHQ in leukemic KG1-a progenitor cells. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of 4t-CHQ on KG1-a cells emerge from its modulating function on the expression of Bax/Bcl2 and survinin proteins. METHODS Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The IC50 value of cells was calculated to be 131.3μM, after 72h-incubation with 4t-CHQ, ranging from 10 to 150μM. Apoptotic changes were studied using Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis method. To evaluate the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell growth dynamic apoptotic features, we performed Annexin V/PI double staining assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. RESULTS According to the results, apoptosis induction was initiated by 4t-CHQ in the KG1-a cells (at IC50 value). Cell dynamic analysis revealed that the cell cycle at the G1 phase was arrested after treatment with 4t- CHQ. Western blotting analysis showed enhancement in the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, while the expression of survinin protein decreased in a time-dependent manner in the KG1-a cells. According to the docking simulation data, the effectiveness of 4t-CHQ on KG1-a cells commenced by its reactions with the functional domain of BH3 and Bcl2 and BIR domains of survivin protein. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a remarkable role of 4t- CHQ in arresting leukemia KG1-a stem cells both by induction of apoptosis as well as by down-regulating survivin and Bcl2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rahimian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah N Charoudeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Barbosa K, Li S, Adams PD, Deshpande AJ. The role of TP53 in acute myeloid leukemia: Challenges and opportunities. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:875-888. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
| | - Sha Li
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
| | - Aniruddha J. Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
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9
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Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are the driving force in tumor progression. There is strong evidence that CIC fulfill this task via exosomes (TEX), which modulate and reprogram stroma, nontransformed cells, and non-CIC. Characterization of CIC, besides others, builds on expression of CIC markers, many of which are known as metastasis-associated molecules. We here discuss that the linkage between CIC/CIC-TEX and metastasis-associated molecules is not fortuitously, but relies on the contribution of these markers to TEX biogenesis including loading and TEX target interactions. In addition, CIC markers contribute to TEX binding- and uptake-promoted activation of signaling cascades, transcription initiation, and translational control. Our point of view will be outlined for pancreas and colon CIC highly expressing CD44v6, Tspan8, EPCAM, claudin7, and LGR5, which distinctly but coordinately contribute to tumor progression. Despite overwhelming progress in unraveling the metastatic cascade and the multiple tasks taken over by CIC-TEX, there remains a considerable gap in linking CIC biomarkers, TEX, and TEX-initiated target modulation with metastasis. We will try to outline possible bridges, which could allow depicting pathways for new and expectedly powerful therapeutic interference with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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CD8+ T cells expand stem and progenitor cells in favorable but not adverse risk acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2379-2392. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Kogan AA, Lapidus RG, Baer MR, Rassool FV. Exploiting epigenetically mediated changes: Acute myeloid leukemia, leukemia stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:213-253. [PMID: 30691684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) derives from the clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, and results in the disruption of normal hematopoiesis and subsequent bone marrow failure. The bone marrow microenvironment (BME) and its immune and other supporting cells are regarded to facilitate the survival, differentiation and proliferation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which enables AML cells to persist and expand despite treatment. Recent studies have identified epigenetic modifications among AML cells and BME constituents in AML, and have shown that epigenetic therapy can potentially reprogram these alterations. In this review, we summarize the interactions between the BME and LSCs, and discuss changes in how the BME and immune cells interact with AML cells. After describing the epigenetic modifications seen across chromatin, DNA, the BME, and the immune microenvironment, we explore how demethylating agents may reprogram these pathological interactions, and potentially re-sensitize AML cells to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksinija A Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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12
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Farawela HM, Zawam HM, Al-Wakeel HA, El-Nagdy MH, El-Refaey FA, Abdel-Rahman HA. Expression pattern and prognostic implication of SALL4 gene in myeloid leukemias: a case-control study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:65-70. [PMID: 30638095 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1555854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SALL4 is a transcription factor that retains stem cells in an undifferentiated state and promotes its self-renewal. In addition, it is implicated in leukemogenesis via its effect on leukemic stem cells. This study aimed to characterize the expression pattern of SALL4 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at different progression phases of the leukemic process and to assess its prognostic significance. Real-time PCR was used in 106 patients: 54 AML patients; 43 de novo and 11 in complete remission (CR), 52 CML patients; 31 in chronic phase (CP), 11 in deep molecular response (MR4) and 10 in accelerated/blastic phase (AP/BP); and in 21 nonmalignant bone marrow samples. SALL4 gene expression was elevated in AML, AML-CR and CML-CP (median = 5.180, 4.604 and 14.125 fold changes, respectively). Elevated SALL4 gene expression among AML de novo patient was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) rates (p = .022). Among CML patients, the highest percentage of patients with a high SALL4 (p = .033) was among CML-CP. SALL4 has a role in leukemogenesis; high SALL4 expression was associated with poor DFS among AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Farawela
- a Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Zawam
- b Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hanan A Al-Wakeel
- a Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mona H El-Nagdy
- a Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Fatma A El-Refaey
- c Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology , National Cancer Institute Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hala A Abdel-Rahman
- a Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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13
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Morsink LM, Walter RB, Ossenkoppele GJ. Prognostic and therapeutic role of CLEC12A in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2018; 34:26-33. [PMID: 30401586 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CLEC12A has recently been identified as an antigen, expressed on leukemic stem cells and leukemic blasts. Given the fact that this expression profile seems stable throughout diagnosis, treatment and relapse on leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells, CLEC12A can be considered a highly potent and reliable marker for the detection of measurable residual disease and therefore applicable for risk stratification and prognostication in AML. Low CLEC12A expression on leukemic blasts seems to be independently associated with lower likelihood of achieving complete remission after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy, shorter event free survival, as well as overall survival, indicating potential prognostic properties of CLEC12A expression itself. Lack of expression on the normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, in contrast to CD123 and CD33, might result in less toxicity regarding cytopenias, making CLEC12A an interesting target for innovating immunotherapies, including monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and CAR-T cells therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde M Morsink
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Roland B Walter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Pei S, Minhajuddin M, Adane B, Khan N, Stevens BM, Mack SC, Lai S, Rich JN, Inguva A, Shannon KM, Kim H, Tan AC, Myers JR, Ashton JM, Neff T, Pollyea DA, Smith CA, Jordan CT. AMPK/FIS1-Mediated Mitophagy Is Required for Self-Renewal of Human AML Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:86-100.e6. [PMID: 29910151 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are thought to drive the genesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as relapse following chemotherapy. Because of their unique biology, developing effective methods to eradicate LSCs has been a significant challenge. In the present study, we demonstrate that intrinsic overexpression of the mitochondrial dynamics regulator FIS1 mediates mitophagy activity that is essential for primitive AML cells. Depletion of FIS1 attenuates mitophagy and leads to inactivation of GSK3, myeloid differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and a profound loss of LSC self-renewal potential. Further, we report that the central metabolic stress regulator AMPK is also intrinsically activated in LSC populations and is upstream of FIS1. Inhibition of AMPK signaling recapitulates the biological effect of FIS1 loss. These data suggest a model in which LSCs co-opt AMPK/FIS1-mediated mitophagy as a means to maintain stem cell properties that may be otherwise compromised by the stresses induced by oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Pei
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Biniam Adane
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nabilah Khan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brett M Stevens
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sisi Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anagha Inguva
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John M Ashton
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tobias Neff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel A Pollyea
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Clayton A Smith
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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15
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Farhat A, Ali-Deeb E, Sulaiman A, Aljamali M. Reinforcing the utility of chick embryo model to in vivo evaluate engraftment of human leukemic stem cells. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2018; 30:1-5. [PMID: 29428370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Development of appropriate translational in vivo models is a prerequisite for personalized management of leukemic patients. Indeed, several immunodeficient mice models were developed for leukemias with main limitations due to their high cost, demanding management, and elongated assessment intervals. In this report, we aimed at evaluating the engraftment of CD34+ cells, isolated from an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient, in naturally immunodeficient chick embryo model. METHODS AND RESULTS Mononuclear cells or immunomagnetic sorted CD34+ cells were injected into chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) veins. Seven days post-injection, human CD34 transcript was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in blood, bone marrow (BM), spleen and liver from embryos injected with human leukemic cells. Interestingly, an amplicon of the same length has been detected in both BM and spleen from PBS injected embryos, although analysis via bioinformatics tools revealed no matches in chicken; neither in transcriptome nor in genome databases. Importantly, splenomegaly and hepatic lesions were observed in some CD34+ cells injected embryos. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data confirm the engraftment of primary human CD34+ leukemic cells in chick embryo liver, but other experiments are required to verify engraftment in BM and spleen, and to confirm the identity of a putative CD34 orthologous transcript in these two organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Farhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Eiad Ali-Deeb
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Amin Sulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Majd Aljamali
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria.
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16
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The c-Raf modulator RRD-251 enhances nuclear c-Raf/GSK-3/VDR axis signaling and augments 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced differentiation of HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515772 PMCID: PMC5839403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy is used in cancer treatment. Epidemiologic studies showed that higher vitamin D levels are associated with reduced cancer risks. However, the therapeutic doses needed for differentiation are accompanied by hypercalcemia and intolerable pathological sequelae. In the present work we evaluated if RRD-251, a small-molecule, can enhance vitamin D3-induced differentiation of leukemic cells, in the hope of decreasing the needed vitamin D3-dose. We demonstrate that RRD-251 enhances vitamin D3-induced differentiation of leukemic cells, the enrichment of the c-Raf kinase in the nucleus, the binding of nuclear c-Raf to GSK-3, increased phosphorylation of GSK-3 ser 21/9 inhibitory sites, and the binding of GSK-3 to VDR, where GSK-3 inhibition is known to enhance transcriptional activation by VDR. Enhancement of D3-induced p-GSK-3 ser 21/9 by RRD-251 was associated with enhanced Akt-GSK-3 binding, Akt being a known GSK-3 inhibitor, and diminished Erk1/2 binding. Diminishing Erk interaction with GSK-3 was associated with enhanced interaction with Vav1, a known driver of myeloid differentiation. This is redolent of an ATRA/c-Raf/GSK-3/RARα axis we previously reported, although the phosphorylation effects to enhance transcriptional activation on RARα vs VDR diverge. Taken together this indicates potential therapeutic significance for a c-Raf/GSK-3/VDR or RARα axis for leukemic myelo-monocytic differentiation.
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17
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Gomez-Arteaga A, Guzman ML. Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1100:111-125. [PMID: 30411263 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring measurable (minimal) residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has greatly increased our ability to assess chemosensisitivity to treatment as well as the duration of treatment responses. There is strong evidence to support its prognostic value for long-term outcomes at different time points and across assays and targets. It's role as a surrogate endpoint to define risk-adapted strategies is still under evaluation. In this chapter, we will discuss the definition of MRD in AML, the potential contribution of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) to MRD and we will review all the current approaches to assess residual disease including the 2018 European Leukemia Network (ELN) working group recommendations for MRD standardization in AML. In addition, a summary of MRD studies associated to prognosis will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gomez-Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Hanekamp D, Denys B, Kaspers GJL, Te Marvelde JG, Schuurhuis GJ, De Haas V, De Moerloose B, de Bont ES, Zwaan CM, de Jong A, Depreter B, Lammens T, Philippé J, Cloos J, van der Velden VHJ. Leukaemic stem cell load at diagnosis predicts the development of relapse in young acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2017; 183:512-516. [PMID: 29076143 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Denys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G Te Marvelde
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline S de Bont
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja de Jong
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Depreter
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Al-Mawali A, Pinto AD, Al-Zadjali S. CD34+CD38-CD123+ Cells Are Present in Virtually All Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Blasts: A Promising Single Unique Phenotype for Minimal Residual Disease Detection. Acta Haematol 2017; 138:175-181. [PMID: 29065396 DOI: 10.1159/000480448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In CD34-positive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the leukaemia-initiating event likely takes place in the CD34+CD38- cell compartment. CD123 has been shown to be a unique marker of leukaemic stem cells within the CD34+CD38- compartment. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of CD34+CD38-CD123+ cells in AML blasts, AML CD34+CD38- stem cells, and normal and regenerating bone marrow CD34+CD38- stem cells from non-myeloid malignancies. METHODS Thirty-eight adult de novo AML patients with intention to treat were enrolled after the application of inclusion criteria from February 2012 to February 2017. The percentage of the CD34+CD38-CD123+ phenotype in the blast population at diagnosis was determined using a CD45-gating strategy and CD34+ backgating by flow cytometry. We studied the CD34+CD38-CD123+ fraction in AML blasts at diagnosis, and its utility as a unique phenotype for minimal residual disease (MRD) of AML patients. RESULTS CD123+ cells were present in 97% of AML blasts in patients at diagnosis (median 90%; range 21-99%). CD123+ cells were also present in 97% of the CD34+CD38- compartment (median 0.8164%, range 0.0262-39.7%). Interestingly, CD123 was not present in normal and regenerating CD34+CD38- bone marrow stem cells (range 0.002- 0.067 and 0.004-0.086, respectively). CONCLUSION The CD34+CD38-CD123+ phenotype is present in virtually all AML blasts and it may be used as a unique single phenotype for MRD detection in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhra Al-Mawali
- Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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20
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Prokocimer M, Molchadsky A, Rotter V. Dysfunctional diversity of p53 proteins in adult acute myeloid leukemia: projections on diagnostic workup and therapy. Blood 2017; 130:699-712. [PMID: 28607134 PMCID: PMC5659817 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-763086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its poor prognosis necessitate therapeutic improvement. Current advances in AML research yield important insights regarding AML genetic, epigenetic, evolutional, and clinical diversity, all in which dysfunctional p53 plays a key role. As p53 is central to hematopoietic stem cell functions, its aberrations affect AML evolution, biology, and therapy response and usually predict poor prognosis. While in human solid tumors TP53 is mutated in more than half of cases, TP53 mutations occur in less than one tenth of de novo AML cases. Nevertheless, wild-type (wt) p53 dysfunction due to nonmutational p53 abnormalities appears to be rather frequent in various AML entities, bearing, presumably, a greater impact than is currently appreciated. Hereby, we advocate assessment of adult AML with respect to coexisting p53 alterations. Accordingly, we focus not only on the effects of mutant p53 oncogenic gain of function but also on the mechanisms underlying nonmutational wtp53 inactivation, which might be of therapeutic relevance. Patient-specific TP53 genotyping with functional evaluation of p53 protein may contribute significantly to the precise assessment of p53 status in AML, thus leading to the tailoring of a rationalized and precision p53-based therapy. The resolution of the mechanisms underlying p53 dysfunction will better address the p53-targeted therapies that are currently considered for AML. Additionally, a suggested novel algorithm for p53-based diagnostic workup in AML is presented, aiming at facilitating the p53-based therapeutic choices.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genomic Instability/drug effects
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation/drug effects
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleophosmin
- Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Miron Prokocimer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; and
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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21
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The pan-Bcl2 Inhibitor AT101 Activates the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway and Causes DNA Damage in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem-Like Cells. Target Oncol 2017; 12:677-687. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Basso-Ricci L, Scala S, Milani R, Migliavacca M, Rovelli A, Bernardo ME, Ciceri F, Aiuti A, Biasco L. Multiparametric Whole Blood Dissection: A one-shot comprehensive picture of the human hematopoietic system. Cytometry A 2017; 91:952-965. [PMID: 28609016 PMCID: PMC5697613 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human hematopoiesis is a complex and dynamic system where morphologically and functionally diverse mature cell types are generated and maintained throughout life by bone marrow (BM) Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPC). Congenital and acquired hematopoietic disorders are often diagnosed through the detection of aberrant frequency or composition of hematopoietic cell populations. We here describe a novel protocol, called “Whole Blood Dissection” (WBD), capable of analyzing in a single test‐tube, hematopoietic progenitors and all major mature cell lineages composing either BM or peripheral blood (PB) through a multiparametric flow‐cytometry analysis. WBD allows unambiguously identifying in the same tube up to 23 different blood cell types including HSPC subtypes and all the major myeloid and lymphoid lineage compartments at different stages of maturation, through a combination of 17 surface and 1 viability cell markers. We assessed the efficacy of WBD by analyzing BM and PB samples from adult (n = 8) and pediatric (n = 9) healthy donors highlighting age‐related shift in cell composition. We also tested the capability of WBD on detecting aberrant hematopoietic cell composition in clinical samples of patients with primary immunodeficiency or leukemia unveiling expected and novel hematopoietic unbalances. Overall, WBD allows unambiguously identifying >99% of the cell subpopulations composing a blood sample in a reproducible, standardized, cost‐, and time‐efficient manner. This tool has a wide range of potential pre‐clinical and clinical applications going from the characterization of hematopoietic disorders to the monitoring of hematopoietic reconstitution in patients after transplant or gene therapy. © 2017 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milani
- Cytometry Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Migliavacca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Attilio Rovelli
- BMT Unit, Pediatric Department, Milano-Bicocca University, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Biasco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
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23
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Cruz NM, Mencia-Trinchant N, Hassane DC, Guzman ML. Minimal residual disease in acute myelogenous leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39 Suppl 1:53-60. [PMID: 28447422 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) over the past four decades remains mostly unchanged and the prognosis for the majority of patients remains poor. Most of the significant advances that have been observed are in defining cytogenetic abnormalities, as well as the genetic and epigenetic profiles of AML patients. While new cytogenetic and genetic aberrations such as the FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations are able to guide prognosis for the majority of patients with AML, outcomes are still dismal and relapse rates remain high. It is thought that relapse in AML is in part driven by minimal residual disease (MRD) that remains in the patient following treatment. Thus, there is a need for sensitive and objective methodology for MRD detection. Methodologies such as multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), digital PCR (dPCR), or next-generation sequencing (NGS) are being employed to evaluate their utility in MRD assessment. In this review, we will provide an overview of AML and the clinical utility of MRD measurement. We will discuss optimal timing to MRD measurement, the different approaches that are available, and efforts in the standardization across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Cruz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Mencia-Trinchant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - D C Hassane
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - M L Guzman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Murone M, Radpour R, Attinger A, Chessex AV, Huguenin AL, Schürch CM, Banz Y, Sengupta S, Aguet M, Rigotti S, Bachhav Y, Massière F, Ramachandra M, McAllister A, Riether C. The Multi-kinase Inhibitor Debio 0617B Reduces Maintenance and Self-renewal of Primary Human AML CD34 + Stem/Progenitor Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1497-1510. [PMID: 28468777 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is initiated and maintained by leukemia stem cells (LSC). LSCs are therapy-resistant, cause relapse, and represent a major obstacle for the cure of AML. Resistance to therapy is often mediated by aberrant tyrosine kinase (TK) activation. These TKs primarily activate downstream signaling via STAT3/STAT5. In this study, we analyzed the potential to therapeutically target aberrant TK signaling and to eliminate LSCs via the multi-TK inhibitor Debio 0617B. Debio 0617B has a unique profile targeting key kinases upstream of STAT3/STAT5 signaling such as JAK, SRC, ABL, and class III/V receptor TKs. We demonstrate that expression of phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) in AML blasts is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, phospho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) signaling is increased in primary CD34+ AML stem/progenitors. STAT3/STAT5 activation depends on tyrosine phosphorylation, mediated by several upstream TKs. Inhibition of single upstream TKs did not eliminate LSCs. In contrast, the multi-TK inhibitor Debio 0617B reduced maintenance and self-renewal of primary human AML CD34+ stem/progenitor cells in vitro and in xenotransplantation experiments resulting in long-term elimination of human LSCs and leukemia. Therefore, inhibition of multiple TKs upstream of STAT3/5 may result in sustained therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy in AML and prevent relapses. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1497-510. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Huguenin
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Yara Banz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saumitra Sengupta
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Michel Aguet
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Houshmand M, Soleimani M, Atashi A, Saglio G, Abdollahi M, Nikougoftar Zarif M. Mimicking the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Niche for Molecular Study and Drug Screening. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:72-85. [PMID: 28007011 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow niche is a major contributing factor in leukemia development and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Although mimicking leukemic bone marrow niche relies on two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions, it cannot recapitulate complex bone marrow structure that causes introduction of different three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Simultaneously, microfluidic platform by perfusing medium culture mimic interstitial fluid flow, along with 3D scaffold would help for mimicking bone marrow microenvironment. In this study TF-1 cells were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in 2D and 3D microfluidic devices. Phenotype maintenance during cell culture and proliferation rate was assayed and confirmed by cell cycle analysis. Morphology of cells in 2D and 3D culture conditions was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. After these experiments, drug screening was performed by applying azacitidine and cytarabine and cytotoxicity assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) were done to compare drug resistance in 2D and 3D culture conditions. Our result shows leukemic cells in 3D microfluidic device retaining their phenotype and proliferation rate was significantly higher in 3D culture condition in comparison to 2D culture condition (p < 0.05), which was confirmed by cell cycle analysis. Cytotoxicity assay also illustrated drug resistance in 3D culture condition and qRT-PCR demonstrated higher BCL2 expression in 3D microfluidic device in contrast to 2D microfluidic device (p < 0.05). On balance, mimicking bone marrow niche would help the target therapy and specify the role of niche in development of leukemia in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- 1 Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- 3 Stem cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences , Shahroud, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, "S. Luigi Gonzaga" Hospital, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- 1 Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
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Molecular Basis and Targeted Inhibition of CBFβ-SMMHC Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:229-244. [PMID: 28299661 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by recurrent chromosomal rearrangements that encode for fusion proteins which drive leukemia initiation and maintenance. The inv(16) (p13q22) rearrangement is a founding mutation and the associated CBFβ-SMMHC fusion protein is essential for the survival of inv(16) AML cells. This Chapter will discuss our understanding of the function of this fusion protein in disrupting hematopoietic homeostasis and creating pre-leukemic blasts, in its cooperation with other co-occurring mutations during leukemia initiation, and in leukemia maintenance. In addition, this chapter will discuss the current approaches used for the treatment of inv(16) AML and the recent development of AI-10-49, a selective targeted inhibitor of CBFβ-SMMHC/RUNX1 binding, the first candidate targeted therapy for inv(16) AML.
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Perez DR, Smagley Y, Garcia M, Carter MB, Evangelisti A, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Winter SS, Sklar LA, Chigaev A. Cyclic AMP efflux inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33960-82. [PMID: 27129155 PMCID: PMC5085131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic evasion is a hallmark of cancer. We propose that some cancers may evade cell death by regulating 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is associated with pro-apoptotic signaling. We hypothesize that leukemic cells possess mechanisms that efflux cAMP from the cytoplasm, thus protecting them from apoptosis. Accordingly, cAMP efflux inhibition should result in: cAMP accumulation, activation of cAMP-dependent downstream signaling, viability loss, and apoptosis. We developed a novel assay to assess cAMP efflux and performed screens to identify inhibitors. In an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model, several identified compounds reduced cAMP efflux, appropriately modulated pathways that are responsive to cAMP elevation (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation, and deactivation of Very Late Antigen-4 integrin), and induced mitochondrial depolarization and caspase activation. Blocking adenylyl cyclase activity was sufficient to reduce effects of the most potent compounds. These compounds also decreased cAMP efflux and viability of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cell lines and primary patient samples, but not of normal primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our data suggest that cAMP efflux is a functional feature that could be therapeutically targeted in leukemia. Furthermore, because some of the identified drugs are currently used for treating other illnesses, this work creates an opportunity for repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R. Perez
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yelena Smagley
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew Garcia
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mark B. Carter
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Annette Evangelisti
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stuart S. Winter
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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In vivo targeting of leukemia stem cells by directing parthenolide-loaded nanoparticles to the bone marrow niche. Leukemia 2015; 30:1582-6. [PMID: 26669973 PMCID: PMC4911325 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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A Hyperactive Signalosome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drives Addiction to a Tumor-Specific Hsp90 Species. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2159-73. [PMID: 26628369 PMCID: PMC4699804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and fatal disease with an urgent need for improved therapeutic regimens given that most patients die from relapsed disease. Irrespective of mutation status, the development of aggressive leukemias is enabled by increasing dependence on signaling networks. We demonstrate that a hyperactive signalosome drives addiction of AML cells to a tumor-specific Hsp90 species (teHsp90). Through genetic, environmental, and pharmacologic perturbations, we demonstrate a direct and quantitative link between hyperactivated signaling pathways and apoptotic sensitivity of AML to teHsp90 inhibition. Specifically, we find that hyperactive JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT signaling networks are maintained by teHsp90 and, in fact, gradual activation of these networks drives tumors increasingly dependent on teHsp90. Thus, although clinically aggressive AML survives via signalosome activation, this addiction creates a vulnerability that can be exploited with Hsp90-directed therapy.
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Marjon KD, Termini CM, Karlen KL, Saito-Reis C, Soria CE, Lidke KA, Gillette JM. Tetraspanin CD82 regulates bone marrow homing of acute myeloid leukemia by modulating the molecular organization of N-cadherin. Oncogene 2015; 35:4132-40. [PMID: 26592446 PMCID: PMC4877306 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Communication between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the bone marrow microenvironment is known to control disease progression. Therefore, regulation of AML cell trafficking and adhesion to the bone marrow is of significant interest. In this study, we demonstrate that differential expression of the membrane scaffold CD82 modulates the bone marrow homing of AML cells. By combining mutational analysis and super-resolution imaging, we identify membrane protein clustering by CD82 as a regulator of AML cell adhesion and bone marrow homing. Cluster analysis of super-resolution data indicates that N-linked glycosylation and palmitoylation of CD82 are both critical modifications that control the microdomain organization of CD82 as well as the nanoscale clustering of associated adhesion protein, N-cadherin. We demonstrate that inhibition of CD82 glycosylation increases the molecular packing of N-cadherin and promotes the bone marrow homing of AML cells. In contrast, we find that inhibition of CD82 palmitoylation disrupts the formation and organization of N-cadherin clusters and significantly diminishes bone marrow trafficking of AML. Taken together, these data establish a mechanism where the membrane organization of CD82, through specific post-translational modifications, regulates N-cadherin clustering and membrane density, which impacts the in vivo trafficking of AML cells. As such, these observations provide an alternative model for targeting AML where modulation of protein organization within the membrane may be an effective treatment therapy to disrupt the bone marrow homing potential of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Marjon
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C M Termini
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - K L Karlen
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C Saito-Reis
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C E Soria
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - K A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J M Gillette
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Marquardt JU, Gomez-Quiroz L, Arreguin Camacho LO, Pinna F, Lee YH, Kitade M, Domínguez MP, Castven D, Breuhahn K, Conner EA, Galle PR, Andersen JB, Factor VM, Thorgeirsson SS. Curcumin effectively inhibits oncogenic NF-κB signaling and restrains stemness features in liver cancer. J Hepatol 2015; 63:661-9. [PMID: 25937435 PMCID: PMC4543531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important therapeutic implications for multi-resistant cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the key pathways frequently activated in liver CSCs is NF-κB signaling. METHODS We evaluated the CSCs-depleting potential of NF-κB inhibition in liver cancer achieved by the IKK inhibitor curcumin, RNAi and specific peptide SN50. The effects on CSCs were assessed by analysis of side population (SP), sphere formation and tumorigenicity. Molecular changes were determined by RT-qPCR, global gene expression microarray, EMSA, and Western blotting. RESULTS HCC cell lines exposed to curcumin exhibited differential responses to curcumin and were classified as sensitive and resistant. In sensitive lines, curcumin-mediated induction of cell death was directly related to the extent of NF-κB inhibition. The treatment also led to a selective CSC-depletion as evidenced by a reduced SP size, decreased sphere formation, down-regulation of CSC markers and suppressed tumorigenicity. Similarly, NF-κB inhibition by SN50 and siRNA against p65 suppressed tumor cell growth. In contrast, curcumin-resistant cells displayed a paradoxical increase in proliferation and expression of CSC markers. Mechanistically, an important component of the CSC-depleting activity of curcumin could be attributed to a NF-κB-mediated HDAC inhibition. Co-administration of the class I/II HDAC inhibitor trichostatine sensitized resistant cells to curcumin. Further, integration of a predictive signature of curcumin sensitivity with human HCC database indicated that HCCs with poor prognosis and progenitor features are most likely to benefit from NF-κB inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that blocking NF-κB can specifically target CSC populations and suggest a potential for combined inhibition of NF-κB and HDAC signaling for treatment of liver cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens U Marquardt
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA; Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Luis Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Federico Pinna
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mayrel Palestino Domínguez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Darko Castven
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Conner
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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Unser AM, Tian Y, Xie Y. Opportunities and challenges in three-dimensional brown adipogenesis of stem cells. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:962-79. [PMID: 26231586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) via brown adipogenesis has become a notable process due to its ability to expend energy as heat with implications in the treatment of metabolic disorders and obesity. With the advent of complexity within white adipose tissue (WAT) along with inducible brown adipocytes (also known as brite and beige), there has been a surge in deciphering adipocyte biology as well as in vivo adipogenic microenvironments. A therapeutic outcome would benefit from understanding early events in brown adipogenesis, which can be accomplished by studying cellular differentiation. Pluripotent stem cells are an efficient model for differentiation and have been directed towards both white adipogenic and brown adipogenic lineages. The stem cell microenvironment greatly contributes to terminal cell fate and as such, has been mimicked extensively by various polymers including those that can form 3D hydrogel constructs capable of biochemical and/or mechanical modifications and modulations. Using bioengineering approaches towards the creation of 3D cell culture arrangements is more beneficial than traditional 2D culture in that it better recapitulates the native tissue biochemically and biomechanically. In addition, such an approach could potentially protect the tissue formed from necrosis and allow for more efficient implantation. In this review, we highlight the promise of brown adipocytes with a focus on brown adipogenic differentiation of stem cells using bioengineering approaches, along with potential challenges and opportunities that arise when considering the energy expenditure of BAT for prospective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Unser
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Yangzi Tian
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Yubing Xie
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203, USA.
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Kempema AM, Widen JC, Hexum JK, Andrews TE, Wang D, Rathe SK, Meece FA, Noble KE, Sachs Z, Largaespada DA, Harki DA. Synthesis and antileukemic activities of C1-C10-modified parthenolide analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4737-4745. [PMID: 26088334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product with anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells. Selective eradication of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) over healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by PTL has been demonstrated in previous studies, which suggests PTL and related molecules may be useful for targeting LSCs. Eradication of LSCs is required for curative therapy. Chemical optimizations of PTL to improve potency and pharmacokinetic parameters have focused largely on the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, which is essential for activity. Conversely, we evaluated modifications to the C1-C10 olefin and benchmarked new inhibitors to PTL with respect to inhibitory potency across a panel of cancer cell lines, ability to target drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, efficacy for inhibiting clonal growth of AML cells, toxicity to healthy bone marrow cells, and efficiency for promoting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Cyclopropane 4 was found to possess less toxicity to healthy bone marrow cells, enhanced potency for the induction of cellular ROS, and similar broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells in comparison to PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Kempema
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John C Widen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy E Andrews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan K Rathe
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Frederick A Meece
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Klara E Noble
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zohar Sachs
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel A Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
Parthenolide (PTL) has shown great promise as a novel anti-leukemia agent as it selectively eliminates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. This success has not yet translated to the clinical setting because PTL is rapidly cleared from blood due to its hydrophobicity. To increase the aqueous solubility of PTL, we previously developed micelles formed from predominantly hydrophobic amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-b-poly(styrene) (e.g., PSMA100-b-PS258) that exhibit robust PTL loading (75%efficiency, 11% w/w capacity) and release PTL over 24 h. Here, PTL-loaded PSMA-b-PS micelles were thoroughly characterized in vitro for PTL delivery to MV4-11 AML cells. Additionally, the mechanisms governing micelle-mediated cytotoxicity were examined in comparison to free PTL. PSMA-b-PS micelles were taken up by MV4-11 cells as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Specifically, MV4-11 cells relied on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, rather than caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. In addition, PTL-loaded PSMA-b-PS micelles exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards AML cells and were capable of reducing cell viability by 75% at 10 μM PTL, while unloaded micelles were nontoxic. At 10 μM PTL, the cytotoxicity of PTL-loaded micelles increased gradually over 24 h while free PTL achieved maximal cytotoxicity between 2 and 4 h, demonstrating micelle-mediated delivery of PTL to AML cells and stability of the drug-loaded micelle even in the presence of cells. Both free PTL and PTL-loaded micelles induced NF-κB inhibition at 10 μM PTL doses, demonstrating some mechanistic similarities in cytotoxicity. However, free PTL relied more heavily on exofacial free thiol interactions to induce cytotoxicity than PTL-loaded micelles; free PTL cytotoxicity was reduced by over twofold when cell surface free thiols were depleted, where PTL-loaded micelle doses were unaffected by cell surface thiol modulation. The physical properties, stability, and efficacy of PTL-loaded PSMA-b-PS micelles support further development of a leukemia therapeutic with greater bioavailability and the potential to eliminate LSCs.
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Khan N, Freeman SD, Virgo P, Couzens S, Richardson P, Thomas I, Grech A, Vyas P, Grimwade D, Russell NH, Burnett AK, Hills RK. An immunophenotypic pre-treatment predictor for poor response to induction chemotherapy in older acute myeloid leukaemia patients: blood frequency of CD34+ CD38 low blasts. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:80-4. [PMID: 25876768 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that receive standard intensive chemotherapy fail to achieve complete remission (CR). Upfront identification of patients unlikely to benefit from standard induction chemotherapy would be important for exploration of novel therapies. This study evaluated if a flow cytometric assay measuring pre-treatment CD34(+) CD38(low) blast frequency could predict therapeutic-resistance in 736 AML patients entered into the UK National Cancer Research Institute AML16 trial. High peripheral blood CD34(+) CD38(low) blast frequency (>7% of leucocytes), present in 18% of assessable patients, conferred significantly reduced CR rates (38% vs. 76%, P < 0.0001) and poor survival, and was independently prognostic for all endpoints of treatment resistance by multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Khan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sylvie D Freeman
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Virgo
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve Couzens
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Richardson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Thomas
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Angela Grech
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College London School of Medicine, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nigel H Russell
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan K Burnett
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert K Hills
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Vick B, Rothenberg M, Sandhöfer N, Carlet M, Finkenzeller C, Krupka C, Grunert M, Trumpp A, Corbacioglu S, Ebinger M, André MC, Hiddemann W, Schneider S, Subklewe M, Metzeler KH, Spiekermann K, Jeremias I. An advanced preclinical mouse model for acute myeloid leukemia using patients' cells of various genetic subgroups and in vivo bioluminescence imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120925. [PMID: 25793878 PMCID: PMC4368518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease with poor outcome. Adequate model systems are required for preclinical studies to improve understanding of AML biology and to develop novel, rational treatment approaches. Xenografts in immunodeficient mice allow performing functional studies on patient-derived AML cells. We have established an improved model system that integrates serial retransplantation of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells in mice, genetic manipulation by lentiviral transduction, and essential quality controls by immunophenotyping and targeted resequencing of driver genes. 17/29 samples showed primary engraftment, 10/17 samples could be retransplanted and some of them allowed virtually indefinite serial transplantation. 5/6 samples were successfully transduced using lentiviruses. Neither serial transplantation nor genetic engineering markedly altered sample characteristics analyzed. Transgene expression was stable in PDX AML cells. Example given, recombinant luciferase enabled bioluminescence in vivo imaging and highly sensitive and reliable disease monitoring; imaging visualized minimal disease at 1 PDX cell in 10000 mouse bone marrow cells and facilitated quantifying leukemia initiating cells. We conclude that serial expansion, genetic engineering and imaging represent valuable tools to improve the individualized xenograft mouse model of AML. Prospectively, these advancements enable repetitive, clinically relevant studies on AML biology and preclinical treatment trials on genetically defined and heterogeneous subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binje Vick
- Group Apoptosis, Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Rothenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Sandhöfer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michela Carlet
- Group Apoptosis, Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Finkenzeller
- Group Apoptosis, Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Grunert
- Group Apoptosis, Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selim Corbacioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maya C. André
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus H. Metzeler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Group Apoptosis, Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Dr von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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NF-κB-dependent DNA damage-signaling differentially regulates DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms in immature and mature human hematopoietic cells. Leukemia 2015; 29:1543-54. [PMID: 25652738 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), that is, the cell population giving rise not only to all mature hematopoietic lineages but also the presumed target for leukemic transformation, can transmit (adverse) genetic events, such as are acquired from chemotherapy or ionizing radiation. Data on the repair of DNA double-strand-breaks (DSB) and its accuracy in HSPC are scarce, in part contradictory, and mostly obtained in murine models. We explored the activity, quality and molecular components of DSB repair in human HSPC as compared with mature peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). To consider chemotherapy/radiation-induced compensatory proliferation, we established cycling HSPC cultures. Comparison of pathway-specific repair activities using reporter systems revealed that HSPC were severely compromised in non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination but not microhomology-mediated end joining. We observed a more pronounced radiation-induced accumulation of nuclear 53BP1 in HSPC relative to PBL, despite evidence for comparable DSB formation from cytogenetic analysis and γH2AX signal quantification, supporting differential pathway usage. Functional screening excluded a major influence of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (ATM/ATR/DNA-PK)- and p53-signaling as well as chromatin remodeling. We identified diminished NF-κB signaling as the molecular component underlying the observed differences between HSPC and PBL, limiting the expression of DSB repair genes and bearing the risk of an inaccurate repair.
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Blocking programmed cell death 1 in combination with adoptive cytotoxic T-cell transfer eradicates chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells. Leukemia 2015; 29:1781-5. [PMID: 25650092 PMCID: PMC4530202 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tumoral reprogramming: Plasticity takes a walk on the wild side. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:436-47. [PMID: 25038581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is the capacity that cells have to change their fate and adopt a new identity. Plasticity is essential for normal development and for tissue regeneration and, in an experimental setting, for the induction of pluripotency. All these processes involve a reprogramming of the cellular identity, mediated by signals from the environment and/or by internal changes at the transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Tumorigenesis is a process in which normal cells acquire a new malignant identity and give rise to a clonal aberrant population. This is only possible if the initiating cell has the necessary plasticity to undergo such changes, and if the oncogenic event(s) initiating cancer has the essential reprogramming capacity so as to be able to lead a change in cellular identity. The molecular mechanisms underlying tumoral reprogramming are the pathological counterparts of the normal processes regulating developmental plasticity or experimentally-induced reprogramming. In this review we will first revise the main features of non-pathological examples of reprogramming, and then we will describe the parallelisms with tumoral reprogramming, and we will also delineate how the precise knowledge of the reprogramming mechanisms offers the potential for the development of new therapeutical interventions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity.
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Regulation of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells by the immune system. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:187-98. [PMID: 24992931 PMCID: PMC4291501 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, multipotent cells that generate via progenitor and precursor cells of all blood lineages. Similar to normal hematopoiesis, leukemia is also hierarchically organized and a subpopulation of leukemic cells, the leukemic stem cells (LSCs), is responsible for disease initiation and maintenance and gives rise to more differentiated malignant cells. Although genetically abnormal, LSCs share many characteristics with normal HSCs, including quiescence, multipotency and self-renewal. Normal HSCs reside in a specialized microenvironment in the bone marrow (BM), the so-called HSC niche that crucially regulates HSC survival and function. Many cell types including osteoblastic, perivascular, endothelial and mesenchymal cells contribute to the HSC niche. In addition, the BM functions as primary and secondary lymphoid organ and hosts various mature immune cell types, including T and B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages that contribute to the HSC niche. Signals derived from the HSC niche are necessary to regulate demand-adapted responses of HSCs and progenitor cells after BM stress or during infection. LSCs occupy similar niches and depend on signals from the BM microenvironment. However, in addition to the cell types that constitute the HSC niche during homeostasis, in leukemia the BM is infiltrated by activated leukemia-specific immune cells. Leukemic cells express different antigens that are able to activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It is well documented that activated T cells can contribute to the control of leukemic cells and it was hoped that these cells may be able to target and eliminate the therapy-resistant LSCs. However, the actual interaction of leukemia-specific T cells with LSCs remains ill-defined. Paradoxically, many immune mechanisms that evolved to activate emergency hematopoiesis during infection may actually contribute to the expansion and differentiation of LSCs, promoting leukemia progression. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which the immune system regulates HSCs and LSCs.
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Dorritie KA, Redner RL, Johnson DE. STAT transcription factors in normal and cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 56:30-44. [PMID: 24931719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs) play vital roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation and survival in normal hematopoietic cells, including hematopoietic stem cells. However, aberrant activation of STATs is commonly observed in a number of hematologic malignancies, and recent studies indicate that targeting of STATs may have therapeutic benefit in these diseases. Additional studies have provided greater understanding of the cells responsible for leukemia initiation, referred to as leukemia stem cells. Emerging evidence indicates that STATs are important in maintaining leukemia stem cells and represent a promising target for eradication of this dangerous cell population. Here we summarize what is known about normal hematopoietic stem cells and the origin of leukemic stem cells. We further describe the roles of STAT proteins in these cell populations, as well as current progress toward the development of novel agents and strategies for targeting the STAT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Dorritie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Robert L Redner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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