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Phylloseptin-1 is Leishmanicidal for Amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis Inside Infected Macrophages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134856. [PMID: 32640562 PMCID: PMC7370015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania protozoans are the causal agents of neglected diseases that represent an important public health issue worldwide. The growing occurrence of drug-resistant strains of Leishmania and severe side effects of available treatments represent an important challenge for the leishmaniases treatment. We have previously reported the leishmanicidal activity of phylloseptin-1 (PSN-1), a peptide found in the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa azurea (=Pithecopus azureus), against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. However, its impact on the amastigote form of L. amazonensis and its impact on infected macrophages are unknown. In this work, we evaluated the effects of PSN-1 on amastigotes of L. amazonensis inside macrophages infected in vitro. We assessed the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, as well as the levels of inflammatory and immunomodulatory markers (TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-12), in infected and non-infected macrophages treated with PSN-1. Treatment with PSN-1 decreased the number of infected cells and the number of ingested amastigotes per cell when compared with the untreated cells. At 32 µM (64 µg/mL), PSN-1 reduced hydrogen peroxide levels in both infected and uninfected macrophages, whereas it had little effect on NO production or TGF-β release. The effect of PSN-1 on IL-12 and TNF-α secretion depended on its concentration, but, in general, their levels tended to increase as PSN-1 concentration increased. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of action of PSN-1 and its interaction with the immune system aiming to develop pharmacological applications.
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Mitra S, Nguyen LN, Akter M, Park G, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Impact of ROS Generated by Chemical, Physical, and Plasma Techniques on Cancer Attenuation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1030. [PMID: 31336648 PMCID: PMC6678366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last few decades, while significant improvements have been achieved in cancer therapy, this family of diseases is still considered one of the deadliest threats to human health. Thus, there is an urgent need to find novel strategies in order to tackle this vital medical issue. One of the most pivotal causes of cancer initiation is the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the body. Interestingly, on the other hand, high doses of ROS possess the capability to damage malignant cells. Moreover, several important intracellular mechanisms occur during the production of ROS. For these reasons, inducing ROS inside the biological system by utilizing external physical or chemical methods is a promising approach to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Beside conventional technologies, cold atmospheric plasmas are now receiving much attention as an emerging therapeutic tool for cancer treatment due to their unique biophysical behavior, including the ability to generate considerable amounts of ROS. This review summarizes the important mechanisms of ROS generated by chemical, physical, and plasma approaches. We also emphasize the biological effects and cancer inhibition capabilities of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Linh Nhat Nguyen
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Mahmuda Akter
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
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Rathnayake RMLD, Oshiki M, Ishii S, Segawa T, Satoh H, Okabe S. Experimental Evidence for in Situ Nitric Oxide Production in Anaerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Granules. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5744-5752. [PMID: 29678110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although nitric oxide (NO) emissions from anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based processes were reported previously, the NO production pathways are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the NO production pathways in anammox granules in detail by combining 15N-stable isotope tracer experiments with various inhibitors, microsensor measurements, and transcriptome analysis for key genes of NO2- reduction. NO was emitted from the anammox granules, which account for 0.07% of the N2 emission. 15N-stable isotope-tracer experiments indicated that most of the N2 was produced by anammox bacteria, whereas NO was produced from NO2- reduction by anammox and denitrifying bacteria. The NO emission rate was highest at pH 8.0 and accelerated by increasing NH4+ and NO2- concentrations in the culture media. The microsensor analyses showed the in situ NO production rate was highest in the outer layer of the anammox granule where anammox activity was also highest. The detected in situ NO concentrations of up to 2.7 μM were significantly above physiological thresholds known to affect a wide range of microorganisms present in wastewater. Hence, NO likely plays pivotal roles in the microbial interactions in anammox granules, which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathnayake M L D Rathnayake
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Peradeniya , Peradeniya 20400 , Sri Lanka
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , North-13, West-8 , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , North-13, West-8 , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
- Department of Civil Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College , 888 Nishikatakaimachi , Nagaoka , Niigata 940-8532 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , North-13, West-8 , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate , University of Minnesota , 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
- BioTechnology Institute , University of Minnesota , 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research , University of Yamanashi , 1110, Shimokato , Chuo , Yamanashi 409-3898 , Japan
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center , National Institute of Polar Research , 10-3 Midori-cho , Tachikawa , Tokyo 190-8518 , Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , North-13, West-8 , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , North-13, West-8 , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The family of gasotransmitter molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has emerged as an important mediator of numerous cellular signal transduction and pathophysiological responses. As such, these molecules have been reported to influence a diverse array of biochemical, molecular, and cell biology events often impacting one another. Recent Advances: Discrete regulation of gasotransmitter molecule formation, movement, and reaction is critical to their biological function. Due to the chemical nature of these molecules, they can move rapidly throughout cells and tissues acting on targets through reactions with metal groups, reactive chemical species, and protein amino acids. CRITICAL ISSUES Given the breadth and complexity of gasotransmitter reactions, this field of research is expanding into exciting, yet sometimes confusing, areas of study with significant promise for understanding health and disease. The precise amounts of tissue and cellular gasotransmitter levels and where they are formed, as well as how they react with molecular targets or themselves, all remain poorly understood. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of specific molecular targets, characteristics of gasotransmitter molecule heterotypic interactions, and spatiotemporal formation and metabolism are all important to better understand their true pathophysiological importance in various organ systems. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 936-960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi K Kolluru
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xinggui Shen
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Shuai Yuan
- 2 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana.,2 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana.,3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
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Lewandowska H, Sadło J, Męczyńska S, Stępkowski TM, Wójciuk G, Kruszewski M. Formation of glutathionyl dinitrosyl iron complexes protects against iron genotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12640-52. [PMID: 26079708 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron(i) complexes (DNICs), intracellular NO donors, are important factors in nitric oxide-dependent regulation of cellular metabolism and signal transduction. It has been shown that NO diminishes the toxicity of iron ions and vice versa. To gain insight into the possible role of DNIC in this phenomenon, we examined the effect of GS-DNIC formation on the ability of iron ions to mediate DNA damage, by treatment of the pUC19 plasmid with physiologically relevant concentrations of GS-DNIC. It was shown that GS-DNIC formation protects against the genotoxic effect of iron ions alone and iron ions in the presence of a naturally abundant antioxidant, GSH. This sheds new light on the iron-related protective effect of NO under the circumstances of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lewandowska
- The Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Lok HC, Sahni S, Richardson V, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. Glutathione S-transferase and MRP1 form an integrated system involved in the storage and transport of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes in cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:14-29. [PMID: 25035074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is vital for many essential biological processes as a messenger and effector molecule. The physiological importance of NO is the result of its high affinity for iron in the active sites of proteins such as guanylate cyclase. Indeed, NO possesses a rich coordination chemistry with iron and the formation of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes (DNICs) is well documented. In mammals, NO generated by cytotoxic activated macrophages has been reported to play a role as a cytotoxic effector against tumor cells by binding and releasing intracellular iron. Studies from our laboratory have shown that two proteins traditionally involved in drug resistance, namely multidrug-resistance protein 1 and glutathione S-transferase, play critical roles in intracellular NO transport and storage through their interaction with DNICs (R.N. Watts et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:7670-7675, 2006; H. Lok et al., J. Biol. Chem. 287:607-618, 2012). Notably, DNICs are present at high concentrations in cells and are biologically available. These complexes have a markedly longer half-life than free NO, making them an ideal "common currency" for this messenger molecule. Considering the many critical roles NO plays in health and disease, a better understanding of its intracellular trafficking mechanisms will be vital for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Z Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Csonka C, Páli T, Bencsik P, Görbe A, Ferdinandy P, Csont T. Measurement of NO in biological samples. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1620-32. [PMID: 24990201 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the physiological regulatory function of the gasotransmitter NO (a diatomic free radical) was discovered decades ago, NO is still in the frontline research in biomedicine. NO has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes; therefore, pharmacological modulation of NO levels in various tissues may have significant therapeutic value. NO is generated by NOS in most of cell types and by non-enzymatic reactions. Measurement of NO is technically difficult due to its rapid chemical reactions with a wide range of molecules, such as, for example, free radicals, metals, thiols, etc. Therefore, there are still several contradictory findings on the role of NO in different biological processes. In this review, we briefly discuss the major techniques suitable for measurement of NO (electron paramagnetic resonance, electrochemistry, fluorometry) and its derivatives in biological samples (nitrite/nitrate, NOS, cGMP, nitrosothiols) and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We conclude that to obtain a meaningful insight into the role of NO and NO modulator compounds in physiological or pathological processes, concomitant assessment of NO synthesis, NO content, as well as molecular targets and reaction products of NO is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Csonka
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Makarieva TN, Ogurtsova EK, Denisenko VA, Dmitrenok PS, Tabakmakher KM, Guzii AG, Pislyagin EA, Es’kov AA, Kozhemyako VB, Aminin DL, Wang YM, Stonik VA. Urupocidin A: A New, Inducing iNOS Expression Bicyclic Guanidine Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Monanchora pulchra. Org Lett 2014; 16:4292-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N. Makarieva
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Ekaterina K. Ogurtsova
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Denisenko
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Ksenya M. Tabakmakher
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Alla G. Guzii
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Pislyagin
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Es’kov
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Valery B. Kozhemyako
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine
and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai
Street, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.
B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok-22, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostok 159, Russia
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9
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Lewandowska H, Stępkowski TM, Sadło J, Wójciuk GP, Wójciuk KE, Rodger A, Kruszewski M. Coordination of iron ions in the form of histidinyl dinitrosyl complexes does not prevent their genotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6732-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vanin AF, Burbaev DS. Electronic and spatial structures of water-soluble dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands underlying their ability to act as nitric oxide and nitrosonium ion donors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION : ONLINE) 2012; 2011:878236. [PMID: 22505886 PMCID: PMC3306989 DOI: 10.1155/2011/878236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mononuclear dinitrosyl iron commplexes (M-DNICs) with thiolate ligands to act as NO donors and to trigger S-nitrosation of thiols can be explain only in the paradigm of the model of the [Fe(+)(NO(+))(2)] core ({Fe(NO)(2)}(7) according to the Enemark-Feltham classification). Similarly, the {(RS(-))(2)Fe(+)(NO(+))(2)}(+) structure describing the distribution of unpaired electron density in M-DNIC corresponds to the low-spin (S = 1/2) state with a d(7) electron configuration of the iron atom and predominant localization of the unpaired electron on MO(d(z2)) and the square planar structure of M-DNIC. On the other side, the formation of molecular orbitals of M-DNIC including orbitals of the iron atom, thiolate and nitrosyl ligands results in a transfer of electron density from sulfur atoms to the iron atom and nitrosyl ligands. Under these conditions, the positive charge on the nitrosyl ligands diminishes appreciably, the interaction of the ligands with hydroxyl ions or with thiols slows down and the hydrolysis of nitrosyl ligands and the S-nitrosating effect of the latter are not manifested. Most probably, the S-nitrosating effect of nitrosyl ligands is a result of weak binding of thiolate ligands to the iron atom under conditions favoring destabilization of M-DNIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly F Vanin
- N. N. Semyonov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
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11
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Suryo Rahmanto Y, Kalinowski DS, Lane DJR, Lok HC, Richardson V, Richardson DR. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) storage and transport by dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complexes: long-lived NO that is trafficked by interacting proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6960-8. [PMID: 22262835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.329847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) markedly affects intracellular iron metabolism, and recent studies have shown that molecules traditionally involved in drug resistance, namely GST and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1), are critical molecular players in this process. This is mediated by interaction of these proteins with dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complexes (Watts, R. N., Hawkins, C., Ponka, P., and Richardson, D. R. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 7670-7675; Lok, H. C., Suryo Rahmanto, Y., Hawkins, C. L., Kalinowski, D. S., Morrow, C. S., Townsend, A. J., Ponka, P., and Richardson, D. R. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 607-618). These complexes are bioavailable, have a markedly longer half-life compared with free NO, and form in cells after an interaction between iron, NO, and glutathione. The generation of dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complexes acts as a common currency for NO transport and storage by MRP1 and GST P1-1, respectively. Understanding the biological trafficking mechanisms involved in the metabolism of NO is vital for elucidating its many roles in cellular signaling and cytotoxicity and for development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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12
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Pareek TK, Belkadi A, Kesavapany S, Zaremba A, Loh SL, Bai L, Cohen ML, Meyer C, Liby KT, Miller RH, Sporn MB, Letterio JJ. Triterpenoid modulation of IL-17 and Nrf-2 expression ameliorates neuroinflammation and promotes remyelination in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2011; 1:201. [PMID: 22355716 PMCID: PMC3242013 DOI: 10.1038/srep00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines and endogenous anti-oxidants are variables affecting disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we demonstrate the dual capacity of triterpenoids to simultaneously repress production of IL-17 and other pro-inflammatory mediators while exerting neuroprotective effects directly through Nrf2-dependent induction of anti-oxidant genes. Derivatives of the natural triterpene oleanolic acid, namely CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide (CDDO-TFEA), completely suppressed disease in a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 mRNA and cytokine production. Encephalitogenic T cells recovered from treated mice were hypo-responsive to myelin antigen and failed to adoptively transfer the disease. Microarray analyses showed significant suppression of pro-inflammatory transcripts with concomitant induction of anti-inflammatory genes including Ptgds and Hsd11b1. Finally, triterpenoids induced oligodendrocyte maturation in vitro and enhanced myelin repair in an LPC-induced non-inflammatory model of demyelination in vivo. These results demonstrate the unique potential of triterpenoid derivatives for the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej K. Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Abdelmadjid Belkadi
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Sashi Kesavapany
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597
| | - Anita Zaremba
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Sook L. Loh
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Mark L. Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106
| | - Colin Meyer
- Reata Pharmaceuticals Inc., Irving, TX 75063
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Robert H. Miller
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Michael B. Sporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - John J. Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
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Lewandowska H, Kalinowska M, Brzóska K, Wójciuk K, Wójciuk G, Kruszewski M. Nitrosyl iron complexes--synthesis, structure and biology. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8273-89. [PMID: 21643591 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosyl complexes of iron are formed in living species in the presence of nitric oxide. They are considered a form in which NO can be stored and stabilized within a living cell. Upon entering a topic in bioinorganic chemistry the researcher faces a wide spectrum of issues concerning synthetic methods, the structure and chemical properties of the complex on the one hand, and its biological implications on the other. The aim of this review is to present the newest knowledge on nitrosyl iron complexes, summarizing the issues that are important for understanding the nature of nitrosyl iron complexes, their possible interactions, behavior in vitro and in vivo, handling of the preparations etc. in response to the growing interest in these compounds. Herein we focus mostly on the dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) due to their prevailing occurrence in NO-treated biological samples. This article reviews recent knowledge on the structure, chemical properties and biological action of DNICs and some mononitrosyls of heme proteins. Synthetic methods are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lewandowska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
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Landry AP, Duan X, Huang H, Ding H. Iron-sulfur proteins are the major source of protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes formed in Escherichia coli cells under nitric oxide stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1582-90. [PMID: 21420489 PMCID: PMC3090472 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) have been observed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells under nitric oxide (NO) stress. The identity of proteins that bind DNICs, however, still remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that iron-sulfur proteins are the major source of protein-bound DNICs formed in Escherichia coli cells under NO stress. Expression of recombinant iron-sulfur proteins, but not proteins without iron-sulfur clusters, almost doubles the amount of protein-bound DNICs formed in E. coli cells after NO exposure. Purification of recombinant proteins from the NO-exposed E. coli cells further confirms that iron-sulfur proteins, but not proteins without iron-sulfur clusters, are modified, forming protein-bound DNICs. Deletion of the iron-sulfur cluster assembly proteins IscA and SufA to block the [4Fe-4S] cluster biogenesis in E. coli cells largely eliminates the NO-mediated formation of protein-bound DNICs, suggesting that iron-sulfur clusters are mainly responsible for the NO-mediated formation of protein-bound DNICs in cells. Furthermore, depletion of the "chelatable iron pool" in wild-type E. coli cells effectively removes iron-sulfur clusters from proteins and concomitantly diminishes the NO-mediated formation of protein-bound DNICs, indicating that iron-sulfur clusters in proteins constitute at least part of the chelatable iron pool in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huangen Ding
- Correspondence Author: Huangen Ding, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Tel: (225) 578 4797; Fax: (225) 578 2597;
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15
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Takarada S, Imanishi T, Goto M, Mochizuki S, Ikejima H, Tsujioka H, Kuroi A, Takeshita T, Akasaka T. First evaluation of real-time nitric oxide changes in the coronary circulation in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy using a catheter-type sensor. Eur Heart J 2010; 31:2862-70. [PMID: 20511328 PMCID: PMC2995954 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS No direct method has yet been developed to measure real-time plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration in humans. In this study, we evaluated a new method for measuring plasma NO concentration in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and in normal controls using a catheter-type sensor. METHODS AND RESULTS We simultaneously measured average peak velocity (APV) of the coronary artery flow and change in plasma NO concentration using the NO sensor placed in the great cardiac vein of 10 DCM patients and 10 control subjects. These evaluations were performed in response to sequential intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine (ACh, 10⁻⁸-10⁻⁶ M), N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA, 200 µmol) and co-infusion of ACh and l-NMMA. The change in plasma NO concentration in DCM patients was significantly impaired compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with l-NMMA completely suppressed the ACh-induced NO concentration, whereas APV in the left anterior descending coronary artery was partially suppressed in both groups. Plasma NO concentration reached its peak value later than the maximum APV following the injection of ACh (10⁻⁶ M) in both groups. CONCLUSION The catheter-type NO sensor could be applied to clinically evaluate the endothelial function (i.e. reduced endothelium-derived NO bioavailability) in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeho Takarada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Toshio Imanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masami Goto
- Department of Medical Engineering, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mochizuki
- Department of Medical Engineering, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ikejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsujioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akio Kuroi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takeshita
- Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Polynuclear water-soluble dinitrosyl iron complexes with cysteine or glutathione ligands: Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical studies. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:136-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.05.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Qiang L, Zhu S, Ma H, Zhou J. Investigation on binding of nitric oxide to horseradish peroxidase by absorption spectrometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:417-421. [PMID: 19944641 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Binding of nitric oxide to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been investigated by absorption spectrometry in 0.2M anaerobic phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Based on this binding equilibrium, a model equation for evaluating the binding constant of nitric oxide to HRP is developed and the binding constant is calculated to be (1.55+/-0.06)x10(4)M(-1), indicating that HRP can form a stable complex with nitric oxide. The type of inhibition by nitric oxide is validated on the basis of studying initial reaction rates of HRP-catalyzed oxidation of guaiacol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. The inhibition mechanism is found to follow an apparent non-competitive inhibition by Lineweaver-Burk method. Based on this kinetic mechanism, the binding constant is also calculated to be (5.22+/-0.06)x10(4)M(-1). The values of the binding constant determined by the two methods are almost identical. The non-competitive inhibition model is also applicable to studying the effect of nitric oxide on other metalloenzymes, which catalyze the two-substrate reaction with the "ping-pong" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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18
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Oteki T, Nagase S, Shimohata H, Hirayama A, Ueda A, Yokoyama H, Yoshimura T. Nitric oxide protection against adriamycin-induced tubulointerstitial injury. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:154-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760701840047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Meczynska S, Lewandowska H, Sochanowicz B, Sadlo J, Kruszewski M. Variable Inhibitory Effects on the Formation of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes by Deferoxamine and Salicylaldehyde Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone in K562 Cells. Hemoglobin 2009; 32:157-63. [DOI: 10.1080/03630260701699821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Bonomo RP, Pappalardo G, Rizzarelli E, Tabbì G, Vagliasindi LI. Studies of nitric oxide interaction with mono- and dinuclear copper(II) complexes of prion protein bis-octarepeat fragments. Dalton Trans 2008:3805-16. [PMID: 18629402 DOI: 10.1039/b719930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nitric oxide with copper(ii) complexes of two octarepeat sequences belonging to the prion protein was studied, considering both mononuclear and dinuclear systems, i.e. Cu-Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2) and Cu(2)-Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2), respectively. The NO interaction with both systems was followed in aqueous solutions at physiological pH value, by using UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopic techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of NO interaction with the mononuclear copper complex can be considered similar to that previously observed for the analogous copper systems with Ac-HGGG-NH(2) and Ac-PHGGGWGQ-NH(2). A more complicated behaviour was found with the copper dinuclear system, in which the involvement of two different intermediate complex species was evidenced. A positive cooperativity between the two copper ions, in the reduction process was inferred. When working with a large excess of the Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2) ligand, the frozen-solution EPR parameters pertain to the well characterized [Cu(N(im))(4)](2+) unit, which did not exhibit any interaction with NO. The presence of a free coordination site is the necessary requirement for the NO interaction to occur, as found only in the square-pyramidal geometry of [Cu(L)H(-2)] or [Cu(2)(L)H(-4)] complex species, which form when copper and ligand concentrations are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele P Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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21
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Toledo JC, Bosworth CA, Hennon SW, Mahtani HA, Bergonia HA, Lancaster JR. Nitric oxide-induced conversion of cellular chelatable iron into macromolecule-bound paramagnetic dinitrosyliron complexes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28926-33. [PMID: 18480062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707862200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important biological reactions of nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, *NO) is its reaction with transition metals, of which iron is the major target. This is confirmed by the ubiquitous formation of EPR-detectable g=2.04 signals in cells, tissues, and animals upon exposure to both exogenous and endogenous *NO. The source of the iron for these dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC), and its relationship to cellular iron homeostasis, is not clear. Evidence has shown that the chelatable iron pool (CIP) may be at least partially responsible for this iron, but quantitation and kinetic characterization have not been reported. In the murine cell line RAW 264.7, *NO reacts with the CIP similarly to the strong chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) in rapidly releasing iron from the iron-calcein complex. SIH pretreatment prevents DNIC formation from *NO, and SIH added during the *NO treatment "freezes" DNIC levels, showing that the complexes are formed from the CIP, and they are stable (resistant to SIH). DNIC formation requires free *NO, because addition of oxyhemoglobin prevents formation from either *NO donor or S-nitrosocysteine, the latter treatment resulting in 100-fold higher intracellular nitrosothiol levels. EPR measurement of the CIP using desferroxamine shows quantitative conversion of CIP into DNIC by *NO. In conclusion, the CIP is rapidly and quantitatively converted to paramagnetic large molecular mass DNIC from exposure to free *NO but not from cellular nitrosothiol. These results have important implications for the antioxidative actions of *NO and its effects on cellular iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Toledo
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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22
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Kleschyov AL, Wenzel P, Munzel T. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping of biological nitric oxide. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:12-20. [PMID: 17070113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical species with multiple physiological functions. Because of low concentrations and short half-life of NO, its direct measurement in living tissues remains a difficult task. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping is probably one of the best suitable platforms for development of new methods for quantification of biological NO. The most reliable EPR-based approaches developed so far are based on the reaction of NO with various iron complexes, both intrinsic and exogenously applied. This review is focused on the current state and perspectives of EPR spin trapping for experimental and clinical NO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Second Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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23
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Bonomo RP, Pappalardo G, Rizzarelli E, Santoro AM, Tabbì G, Vagliasindi LI. Nitrogen oxide interaction with copper complexes formed by small peptides belonging to the prion protein octa-repeat region. Dalton Trans 2007:1400-8. [PMID: 17387400 DOI: 10.1039/b617408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between NO and copper(II) complexes formed by peptides coming from the N-terminal prion protein octa-repeat region was studied. Aqueous solutions of the Cu-Ac-HGGG-NH(2) and the Cu-Ac-PHGGGWGQ-NH(2) systems around pH 7.5 were tested after the addition of NONOates as a source of NO. UV-Vis, room temperature and frozen solution EPR spectra showed the occurrence of copper(ii) reduction in all these complexes. The reduction of these complexes is probably mediated by the formation of a labile NO adduct, which, after re-oxidation, leads to a relatively stable NO(2)(-) adduct through the apical coordination along the void site of their square pyramidal structure. In fact, the most significant shifts in EPR magnetic parameters (g(||) and A(||) or g(iso) and A(iso)) as well as in the optical parameters (lambda(max) and epsilon(max)) gave a reason for geometrical changes of the copper coordination polyhedron from a distorted square pyramid to a pseudo-octahedron. The presence of oxygen in the aqueous solution hindered the reduction ability of NO towards copper, but it made it easier to return to the original species. In order to elucidate the possible mechanism of this interaction, the reduction of copper complexed by these ligands was followed by means of zinc powder addition. The further addition of nitrite to the solution containing reduced copper led to the conclusion that nitrite could easily form an adduct, which after re-oxidation presented the same spectral features of the species obtained when the NO interaction was followed. The complexity of this interaction could involve both an inner or an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele P Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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24
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Lewandowska H, Meczyńska S, Sochanowicz B, Sadło J, Kruszewski M. Crucial role of lysosomal iron in the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes in vivo. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 12:345-52. [PMID: 17136409 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl non-heme-iron complexes (DNIC) are found in many nitric oxide producing tissues. A prerequisite of DNIC formation is the presence of nitric oxide, iron and thiol/imidazole groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the cellular labile iron pool in the formation of DNIC in erythroid K562 cells. The cells were treated with a nitric oxide donor in the presence of a permeable (salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) or a nonpermeable (desferrioxamine mesylate) iron chelator and DNIC formation was recorded using electron paramagnetic resonance. Both chelators inhibited DNIC formation up to 50% after 6 h of treatment. To further investigate the role of lysosomal iron in DNIC formation, we prevented lysosomal proteolysis by pretreatment of whole cells with NH4Cl. Pretreatment with NH4Cl inhibited the formation of DNIC in a time-dependent manner that points to the importance of the degradation of iron metalloproteins in DNIC formation in vivo. Fractionation of the cell content after treatment with the nitric oxide donor revealed that DNIC is formed predominantly in the endosomal/lysosomal fraction. Taken together, these data indicate that lysosomal iron plays a crucial role in DNIC formation in vivo. Degradation of iron-containing metalloproteins seems to be important for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lewandowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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26
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Palmerini CA, Arienti G, Palombari R. Electrochemical assay for determining nitrosyl derivatives of human hemoglobin: nitrosylhemoglobin and S-nitrosylhemoglobin. Anal Biochem 2004; 330:306-10. [PMID: 15203337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological regulator. It can bind to heme iron and form NO+, involved in the synthesis of S-nitrosothiols (-SNOs). NO reacts with human hemoglobin (Hb) to produce the derivatives: S-nitrosylhemoglobin (-SNOHb) and nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO). At neutral pH values, free NO does not react directly with the -SH groups of Hb. The reductive nitrosylation of Fe(III) heme upon reaction with NO has long been studied, but it is not yet completely known. To quantify the reaction of NO with Hb, we developed a new, sensitive (nanomolar concentration range) electrochemical assay to selectively measure HbNO and -SNOHb. The assay also allows the monitoring of free NO during the reaction with human Fe(III)Hb and Fe(II)HbO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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27
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Kuznetsova S, Knaff DB, Hirasawa M, Lagoutte B, Sétif P. Mechanism of Spinach Chloroplast Ferredoxin-Dependent Nitrite Reductase: Spectroscopic Evidence for Intermediate States. Biochemistry 2003; 43:510-7. [PMID: 14717606 DOI: 10.1021/bi035662q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite reductases found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria catalyze the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia with reduced ferredoxin serving as the electron donor. They contain one siroheme and one [4Fe-4S] cluster, acting as separate one-electron carriers. Nitrite is thought to bind to the siroheme and to remain bound until its complete reduction to ammonia. In the present work the enzyme catalytic cycle, with ferredoxin reduced by photosystem 1 as an electron donor, has been studied by EPR and laser flash absorption spectroscopy. Substrate depletion during enzyme turnover, driven by a series of laser flashes, has been demonstrated. A complex of ferrous siroheme with NO, formed by two-electron reduction of the enzyme complex with nitrite, has been shown to be an intermediate in the enzyme catalytic cycle. The same complex can be formed by incubation of free oxidized nitrite reductase with an excess of nitrite and ascorbate. Hydroxylamine, another putative intermediate in the reduction of nitrite catalyzed by nitrite reductase, was found to react with oxidized nitrite reductase to produce the same ferrous siroheme-NO complex, with a characteristic formation time of about 13 min. The rate-limiting step for this reaction is probably hydroxylamine binding to the enzyme, with the conversion of hydroxylamine to NO at the enzyme active site likely being much faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Kuznetsova
- Service de Bioénergétique and CNRS URA 2096, Département de Biologie Joliot Curie, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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28
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is endogenously released in the airways by nitric oxide synthase. Functionally, two isoforms of this enzyme exist: constitutive and inducible. The former seems to protect airways from excessive bronchoconstriction while the latter has a modulatory role in inflammatory disorders of the airways such as asthma. This review explores the physiological and pathophysiological role of endogenous nitric oxide in the airways, and the clinical aspects of monitoring nitric oxide in exhaled air of patients with respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Palmerini
- Department of Biochemical Science and Molecular Biotechnology, Università di Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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30
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Venkataraman S, Martin SM, Buettner GR. Electron paramagnetic resonance for quantitation of nitric oxide in aqueous solutions. Methods Enzymol 2003; 359:3-18. [PMID: 12481555 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)59167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Palmerini CA, Saccardi C, Arienti G, Palombari R. Formation of nitrosothiols from gaseous nitric oxide at pH 7.4. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2002; 16:135-9. [PMID: 12112713 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in biological systems and plays important roles as a regulatory molecule. Its ability to bind to haem iron is well known. Moreover, it may lose an electron, forming the nitrosonium ion, involved in the synthesis of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). It has been suggested that S-nitrosohaemoglobin (-SNO Hb) and low molecular weight SNOs may act as reservoirs of NO. SNOs are formed in vitro, at strongly acidic pH values; however, the mechanism of their formation at neutral pH values is still debated. In this paper we report the anaerobic formation of SNOs (both high- and low-molecular weight) from low concentrations of NO at pH 7.4, provided Hb is also present. We propose a reaction mechanism entailing the participation of Fehaem in the formation of NO(+) and the transfer of NO(+) either to Cysbeta(93) of Hb or to glutathione; we show that this reaction also occurs in human RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.
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32
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Mao J, Zhang Y, Oldfield E. Nuclear magnetic resonance shifts in paramagnetic metalloporphyrins and metalloproteins. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13911-20. [PMID: 12431123 DOI: 10.1021/ja020297w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first detailed investigation of the (1)H, (13)C, (15)N, and (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic shifts in paramagnetic metalloprotein and metalloporphyrin systems. The >3500 ppm range in experimentally observed hyperfine shifts can be well predicted by using density functional theory (DFT) methods. Using spin-unrestricted methods together with large, locally dense basis sets, we obtain very good correlations between experimental and theoretical results: R(2) = 0.941 (N = 37, p < 0.0001) when using the pure BPW91 functional and R(2) = 0.981 (N = 37, p < 0.0001) when using the hybrid functional, B3LYP. The correlations are even better for C(alpha) and C(beta) shifts alone: C(alpha), R(2) = 0.996 (N = 8, p < 0.0001, B3LYP); C(beta), R(2) = 0.995 (N = 8, p < 0.0001, B3LYP), but are worse for C(meso), in part because of the small range in C(meso) shifts. The results of these theoretical calculations also lead to a revision of previous heme and proximal histidine residue (13)C NMR assignments in deoxymyoglobin which are confirmed by new quantitative NMR measurements. Molecular orbital (MO) analyses of the resulting wave functions provide a graphical representation of the spin density distribution in the [Fe(TPP)(CN)(2)](-) (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato) system (S = (1)/(2)), where the spin density is shown to be localized primarily in the d(xz) (or d(yz)) orbital, together with an analysis of the frontier MOs in Fe(TPP)Cl (S = (5)/(2)), Mn(TPP)Cl (S = 2), and a deoxymyoglobin model (S = 2). The ability to now begin to predict essentially all heavy atom NMR hyperfine shifts in paramagnetic metalloporphyrins and metalloproteins using quantum chemical methods should open up new areas of research aimed at structure prediction and refinement in paramagnetic systems in much the same way that DFT methods have been used successfully in the past to predict/refine elements of diamagnetic heme protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Schmidt I, Hermelink C, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Strous M, op den Camp HJ, Kuenen JG, Jetten MSM. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) by two different lithotrophs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:5351-7. [PMID: 12406724 PMCID: PMC129942 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.11.5351-5357.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2002] [Accepted: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing activity of the planctomycete Candidatus "Brocadia anammoxidans" was not inhibited by NO concentrations up to 600 ppm and NO2 concentrations up to 100 ppm. B. anammoxidans was able to convert (detoxify) NO, which might explain the high NO tolerance of this organism. In the presence of NO2, the specific ammonia oxidation activity of B. anammoxidans increased, and Nitrosomonas-like microorganisms recovered an NO2-dependent anaerobic ammonia oxidation activity. Addition of NO2 to a mixed population of B. anammoxidans and Nitrosomonas induced simultaneous specific anaerobic ammonia oxidation activities of up to 5.5 mmol of NH4+ g of protein(-1) h(-1) by B. anammoxidans and up to 1.5 mmol of NH4+ g of protein(-1) h(-1) by Nitrosomonas. The stoichiometry of the converted N compounds (NO2-/NH3 ratio) and the microbial community structure were strongly influenced by NO2. The combined activity of B. anammoxidans and Nitrosomonas-like ammonia oxidizers might be of relevance in natural environments and for technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Balogh N, Krausz F, Lévai P, Ribiczeyné PS, Vajdovich P, Gaál T. Effect of deferoxamine and L-arginine treatment on lipid peroxidation in an intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion model in rats. Acta Vet Hung 2002; 50:343-56. [PMID: 12237975 DOI: 10.1556/avet.50.2002.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated lipid peroxidation (LPO) changes during intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion with and without deferoxamine or L-arginine treatment. White Wistar rats were allotted into four groups as follows: sham-operated (Group SOP), ischaemia-reperfusion only (Group I/R), I/R with deferoxamine (Group D) or L-arginine (Group A) treatment. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), overall concentration of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-alkenals (LPO586), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of the jejunal homogenates were determined. The same analytes except LPO586 were assayed in RBC haemolysates. Measurements of ferric reducing ability (FRAP), total antioxidant status (TAS) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations of plasma samples were also completed. The only significant change observed in the SOP group was an increased SOD activity after the ischaemic period. In the I/R group significant increase of intestinal LPO586 concentration was observed during hypoxia that was followed by similar changes in intestinal and RBC TBARS and plasma FRAP values upon reperfusion. In Group D the intestinal TBARS and LPO586 concentrations were significantly lower while FRAP and NO concentrations were significantly higher compared to the I/R group. At the same time RBC TBARS concentration and GPX activity significantly decreased within Group D. In Group A the intestinal LPO586 concentration was significantly lower than in the I/R group whilst RBC TBARS concentration showed a similar pattern. Plasma FRAP and NO concentration showed similar changes to those seen in Group D. It is concluded that I/R increased the LPO in the intestinal tissue and altered some parameters of plasma and RBCs, too. Deferoxamine treatment prevented these effects, while the usefulness of L-arginine remained doubtful.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Balogh
- Large Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-2225 Ullö, Dóramajor, Hungary.
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35
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Comhair SAA, Erzurum SC. Antioxidant responses to oxidant-mediated lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 283:L246-55. [PMID: 12114185 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00491.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated throughout the human body. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants detoxify ROS and RNS and minimize damage to biomolecules. An imbalance between the production of ROS and RNS and antioxidant capacity leads to a state of "oxidative stress" that contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases by damaging lipids, protein, and DNA. In general, lung diseases are related to inflammatory processes that generate increased ROS and RNS. The susceptibility of the lung to oxidative injury depends largely on its ability to upregulate protective ROS and RNS scavenging systems. Unfortunately, the primary intracellular antioxidants are expressed at low levels in the human lung and are not acutely induced when exposed to oxidative stresses such as cigarette smoke and hyperoxia. However, the response of extracellular antioxidant enzymes, the critical primary defense against exogenous oxidative stress, increases rapidly and in proportion to oxidative stress. In this paper, we review how antioxidants in the lung respond to oxidative stress in several lung diseases and focus on the mechanisms that upregulate extracellular glutathione peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy A A Comhair
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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36
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Yang W, Rogers PA, Ding H. Repair of nitric oxide-modified ferredoxin [2Fe-2S] cluster by cysteine desulfurase (IscS). J Biol Chem 2002; 277:12868-73. [PMID: 11825893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109485200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur proteins are among the sensitive targets of the nitric oxide cytotoxicity. When Escherichia coli cells are exposed to nitric oxide, iron-sulfur clusters are modified forming protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes. Such modified protein dinitrosyl iron complexes are stable in vitro but are efficiently repaired in aerobically growing E. coli cells even without any new protein synthesis. Here we show that cysteine desulfurase encoded by the gene iscS of E. coli can directly convert the ferredoxin dinitrosyl iron complex to the ferredoxin [2Fe-2S] cluster in the presence of L-cysteine in vitro. A reassembly of the [2Fe-2S] cluster in the ferredoxin dinitrosyl iron complex does not require any addition of iron or other protein components. Furthermore, a complete removal of the dinitrosyl iron complex from ferredoxin prevents reassembly of the [2Fe-2S] cluster in the protein. The results suggest that cysteine desulfurase (IscS) together with L-cysteine can efficiently repair the nitric oxide-modified ferredoxin [2Fe-2S] cluster and that the iron center in the dinitrosyl iron complex may be recycled for the reassembly of iron-sulfur clusters in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Butler
- School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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39
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Ueno T, Suzuki Y, Fujii S, Vanin AF, Yoshimura T. In vivo nitric oxide transfer of a physiological NO carrier, dinitrosyl dithiolato iron complex, to target complex. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:485-93. [PMID: 11853699 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl dithiolato iron complex (DNIC) has been identified as an endogenous NO carrier, yet in vivo mechanisms of NO donation remain undefined. Transnitrosylation, in which a coordinated NO group is transferred to another metal complex, has been observed in transition-metal-nitrosyl chemistry. In this study, we used three kinds of iron dithiocarbamate complexes (Fe-DTCs) as NO acceptors to elucidate in vivo transnitrosylation of diglutathionyl dinitrosyl iron complex [DNIC-(GS)(2)]. Fe-DTCs were administered to mice after the injection of DNIC-(GS)(2) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were measured both in the resected organs and in the upper abdomen of living mice. The spectral feature gradually changed from an initial DNIC-(GS)(2) signal to mononitrosyl iron dithiocarbamate one, suggesting that NO-Fe-DTC was formed through in vivo reaction of DNIC-(GS)(2) with Fe-DTC. The spectral results in in vitro and in vivo systems indicate that NO-Fe-DTCs can be formed not only by the transfer of coordinated NO-group(s) in DNIC-(GS)(2) but also by the abstraction of Fe-NO group in DNIC-(GS)(2) by free DTC ligands. Transnitrosylation proceeded more rapidly in blood than in liver and kidney; and more efficiently in kidney than in liver. Further, the ability to accept NO from DNIC was dependent on water-solubility of Fe-DTCs. Thus, in vivo transnitrosylation from DNIC to exogenous iron complex could be observed and this reaction was influenced by biological constituents and properties of iron complex. These results demonstrate that the transnitrosylation from DNIC to intrinsic NO acceptors like metalloproteins has a probable significance in in vivo NO transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Ueno
- Laboratory of Applied Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Life Support Technology, Yamagata Public Corporation for the Development of Industry, Yamagata, Japan
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40
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Rogers PA, Ding H. L-cysteine-mediated destabilization of dinitrosyl iron complexes in proteins. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:30980-6. [PMID: 11423535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101037200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in intercellular communication as well as a powerful weapon used by macrophages to kill tumor cells and pathogenic bacteria. Here, we show that when Escherichia coli cells are exposed to nitric oxide, its ferredoxin [2Fe-2S] cluster is nitrosylated, forming the dinitrosyl iron complex with a characteristic EPR signal at g(av) = 2.04. Such formed ferredoxin dinitrosyl iron complex is efficiently repaired in E. coli cells even in the absence of new protein synthesis. However, the repair activity is completely inactivated once E. coli cells are disrupted, indicating that repairing the ferredoxin dinitrosyl iron complex requires cellular reducing equivalents. In search of such cellular factors, we find that l-cysteine can effectively eliminate the EPR signal of the ferredoxin dinitrosyl iron complex and release the ferrous iron from the complex. In contrast, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and reduced glutathione are much less effective. l-Cysteine seems to have a general function, since it can also remove the otherwise stable dinitrosyl iron complexes from proteins in the cell extracts prepared from the E. coli cells treated with nitric oxide. We propose that l-cysteine is responsible for removing the dinitrosyl iron complexes from the nitric oxide-modified proteins into which a new iron-sulfur cluster will be reassembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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41
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Watts RN, Richardson DR. Nitrogen monoxide (no) and glucose: unexpected links between energy metabolism and no-mediated iron mobilization from cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:4724-32. [PMID: 11078730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006318200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) affects cellular iron metabolism due to its high affinity for this metal ion. Indeed, NO has been shown to increase the mRNA binding activity of the iron-regulatory protein 1, which is a major regulator of iron homeostasis. Recently, we have shown that NO generators increase (59)Fe efflux from cells prelabeled with (59)Fe-transferrin (Wardrop, S. L., Watts, R. N., and Richardson, D. R. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 2748-2758). The mechanism involved in this process remains unknown, and in this investigation we demonstrate that it is potentiated upon adding d-glucose (d-Glc) to the reincubation medium. In d-Glc-free or d-Glc-containing media, 5.6 and 16.5% of cellular (59)Fe was released, respectively, in the presence of S-nitrosoglutathione. This difference in (59)Fe release was observed with a variety of NO generators and cell types and was not due to a change in cell viability. Kinetic studies showed that d-Glc had no effect on the rate of NO production by NO generators. Moreover, only the metabolizable monosaccharides d-Glc and d-mannose could stimulate NO-mediated (59)Fe mobilization, whereas other sugars not easily metabolized by fibroblasts had no effect. Hence, metabolism of the monosaccharides was essential to increase NO-mediated (59)Fe release. Incubation of cells with the citric acid cycle intermediates, citrate and pyruvate, did not enhance NO-mediated (59)Fe release. Significantly, preincubation with the GSH-depleting agents, l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine or diethyl maleate, prevented NO-mediated (59)Fe mobilization. This effect was reversed by incubating cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine that reconstitutes GSH. These results indicate that GSH levels are essential for NO-mediated (59)Fe efflux. Hence, d-Glc metabolism via the hexose monophosphate shunt resulting in the generation of GSH may be essential for NO-mediated (59)Fe release. These results have important implications for intracellular signaling by NO and also NO-mediated cytotoxicity of activated macrophages that is due, in part, to iron release from tumor target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Watts
- Iron Metabolism and Chelation Group, the Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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42
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Wolfe MD, Parales JV, Gibson DT, Lipscomb JD. Single turnover chemistry and regulation of O2 activation by the oxygenase component of naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:1945-53. [PMID: 11056161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007795200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (NDOS) is a three-component enzyme that catalyzes cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene formation from naphthalene, O2, and NADH. We have determined the conditions for a single turnover of NDOS for the first time and studied the regulation of catalysis. As isolated, the alpha3beta3 oxygenase component (NDO) has up to three catalytic pairs of metal centers (one mononuclear Fe2+ and one diferric Rieske iron-sulfur cluster). This form of NDO is unreactive with O2. However, upon reduction of the Rieske cluster and exposure to naphthalene and O2, approximately 0.85 cis-diol product per occupied mononuclear iron site rapidly forms. Substrate binding is required for oxygen reactivity. Stopped-flow and chemical quench analyses indicate that the rate constant of the single turnover product-forming reaction significantly exceeds the NDOS turnover number. UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies show that during catalysis, one mononuclear iron and one Rieske cluster are oxidized per product formed, satisfying the two-electron reaction stoichiometry. The addition of oxidized or reduced NDOS ferredoxin component (NDF) increases both the product yield and rate of oxidation of formerly unreactive Rieske clusters. The results show that NDO alone catalyzes dioxygenase chemistry, whereas NDF appears to serve only an electron transport role, in this case redistributing electrons to competent active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Wolfe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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43
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Berkels R, Purol-Schnabel S, Roesen R. A new method to measure nitrate/nitrite with a NO-sensitive electrode. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 90:317-20. [PMID: 11133924 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.1.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different methods to measure the unstable molecule nitric oxide (NO). We will describe a new sensitive method to measure NO by reconversion of nitrate/nitrite to NO, which will be determined with an amperometric Clark-type electrode. Nitrate and nitrite are the degradation products of NO. First, nitrate is enzymatically converted to nitrite with the use of the nitrate reductase. Second, nitrite is reduced to equimolar NO concentrations by an acidic iodide solution. The detection limit of the electrode in an aqueous solution was 2 nmol/l NO (meaning the threshold was depending on the volume added: 500 microl of a 0.2 micromol/l nitrite solution added to a 10-ml bath). This method provides the ability to assess basal and agonist-stimulated NO releases of different biological models. We measured basal and carbachol-stimulated NO release of native endothelial cells from porcine coronary arteries and porcine aortic endothelial cell cultures. Moreover, it was possible to measure the nitrate/nitrite concentration in the coronary effluent of a guinea pig heart. In conclusion, we present a valid, highly sensitive new method of measuring nitrite/NO in biological systems with a commercially available electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berkels
- Institut fuer Pharmakologie, Universitaet zu Koeln, 50931 Koeln, Germany.
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44
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Megson IL, Sogo N, Mazzei FA, Butler AR, Walton JC, Webb DJ. Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by a novel S-nitrosothiol is abolished by haemoglobin and red blood cells in vitro: implications for anti-thrombotic therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 131:1391-8. [PMID: 11090112 PMCID: PMC1572482 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
1. S-Nitrosothiols are nitric oxide (NO) donor drugs that have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) in vitro and to inhibit platelet activation in vivo. The aim of this study was to compare the platelet effects of a novel S-nitrosated glyco-amino acid, RIG200, with an established S-nitrosothiol, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in PRP, and to investigate the effects of cell-free haemoglobin and red blood cells on S-nitrosothiol-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. 2. The effects of GSNO and RIG200 in collagen (2.5 microg ml(-1))-induced platelet aggregation in PRP and whole blood were investigated in vitro. Both compounds were found to be powerful inhibitors of aggregation in PRP, and RIG200 was significantly more potent (IC(50)=2.0 microM for GSNO and 0.8 microM for RIG200; P=0.04). 3. Neither compound inhibited aggregation in whole blood, even at concentrations of 100 microM. Red blood cell concentrations as low as 1% of the haematocrit, and cell-free haemoglobin (> or = 2.5 microM), significantly reduced their inhibitory effects on platelets. 4. Experiments involving measurement of cyclic GMP levels, electrochemical detection of NO and electron paramagnetic resonance of haemoglobin in red blood cells, indicated that scavenging of NO generated from S-nitrosothiols by haemoglobin was responsible for the lack of effect of S-nitrosothiols on platelets in whole blood. 5. These studies suggest that scavenging of NO by haemoglobin in blood might limit the therapeutic application of S-nitrosothiols as anti-platelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Megson
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2LH.
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45
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Palmerini CA, Arienti G, Palombari R. Determination of S-nitrosohemoglobin using a solid-state amperometric sensor. Nitric Oxide 2000; 4:546-9. [PMID: 11139362 DOI: 10.1006/niox.2000.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO, nitrogen monoxide), generated in biological systems, plays important roles as a regulatory molecule. Its ability to bind to hemoglobin (Hb) iron is well known. Moreover, it may lose an electron, forming the nitrosonium ion, involved in the synthesis of nitrosothiols (RSNO). It has been suggested that S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) may act as a reservoir of NO. The S-nitrosylation of Hb can be detected after the incubation of CysNO and Hb for 60 min with a molecular ratio (CysNO/hem) of 1:1. Upon increasing the ratio to 10:1, about 50% of total Hb (100% of beta-chain -SH 93) was derivatized in 60 min. In this paper, we describe a new method for the quantitative assay of SNO-Hb, after the liberation of NO by Cu(2+)/Cu(+) and the simultaneous assessment of NO by solid-state amperometric sensor. The assay described by us is sensitive, rapid, easy to perform, and inexpensive. For this reason, we believe that it may represent an important analytical improvement for the study of the S-transnitrosylation reactions between RSNO and the Hb Cys-beta 93 and SNO-Hb and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, Perugia 06127, Italy.
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46
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Ding H, Demple B. Direct nitric oxide signal transduction via nitrosylation of iron-sulfur centers in the SoxR transcription activator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5146-50. [PMID: 10805777 PMCID: PMC25796 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.10.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has diverse roles in intercellular communication and (at higher levels) in immune-mediated cell killing. NO reacts with many cellular targets, with cell-killing effects correlated to inactivation of key enzymes through nitrosylation of their iron-sulfur centers. SoxR protein, a redox-sensitive transcription activator dependent on the oxidation state of its binuclear iron-sulfur ([2Fe-2S]) centers, is also activated in Escherichia coli on exposure to macrophage-generated NO. We show here that SoxR activation by NO occurs through direct modification of the [2Fe-2S] centers to form protein-bound dinitrosyl-iron-dithiol adducts, which we have observed both in intact bacterial cells and in purified SoxR after NO treatment. Functional activation through nitrosylation of iron-sulfur centers contrasts with the inactivation typically caused by this modification. Purified, nitrosylated SoxR has transcriptional activity similar to that of oxidized SoxR and is relatively stable. In contrast, nitrosylated SoxR is short-lived in intact cells, indicative of mechanisms that actively dispose of nitrosylated iron-sulfur centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ding
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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47
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Haight JS, Qian W, Daya H, Chalmers P, Zamel N. Hypoxia depresses nitric oxide output in the human nasal airways. Laryngoscope 2000; 110:429-33. [PMID: 10718433 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200003000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of oxygen in the nasal air on nasal nitric oxide (NO) output was studied in 13 adult volunteers. METHODS Nasal NO was measured while air containing oxygen (0%-100% in nitrogen) was aspirated through the nasal airway before and after the topical application of xylometazoline. RESULTS The mean nasal NO output of the untreated nose was 507.8 +/- 161.9 nL/min (mean +/- SD) when 21% oxygen was aspirated through the nasal cavities in series and remained unaltered by 100% O2 (P = .79). Below 10% oxygen the reduction in nasal NO output correlated positively and significantly with the decrease in oxygen concentration (r2 = 0.14). NO output was 245.2 +/- 153.4 nL/min at 0% oxygen, a significant decline from 21% oxygen (P < .0001). Nasal vasoconstriction induced by xylometazoline and alterations in the blood oxygen content by a maximal breath-holding or breathing 100% oxygen did not alter nasal NO in hypoxia (P = .41). CONCLUSIONS Nasal NO output is markedly depressed in hypoxia and is oxygen dependent at concentrations of less than 10%. Approximately 50% of nasally generated NO is produced from oxygen in nasal air or regulated by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Haight
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Michael's Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
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48
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Ueno T, Yoshimura T. The physiological activity and in vivo distribution of dinitrosyl dithiolato iron complex. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 82:95-101. [PMID: 10877526 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.82.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an endogenous mediator of vascular tone, a neurotransmitter and an immune effector molecule. Furthermore, it has been implicated in the development of various diseases. Because NO is extremely labile in the biological milieu, its activities can be effected not only by NO itself but also by relatively stable physiologic NO carriers or NO donors. Dinitrosyl iron complexes have been recognized as endogenous NO carrier molecules as well as S-nitrosothiols. The complex has been found in cells and the tissues of mammals and bacteria via its readily detectable, characteristic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals. Endogenously produced dinitrosyl iron complex with thiolate ligands (DNIC) has a critical biological potential; and it can function as a physiologic regulatory factor in a biological system, especially the immune and cardiovascular systems. We have been studying the in vivo behavior and distribution of DNIC to elucidate its physiological roles and pharmacokinetics. In this article, an attempt is made to provide an overview of the history, physiology and in vivo behavior of DNIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ueno
- Division of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Life Support Technology, Yamagata Technopolis Foundation, Japan
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49
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Bentz BG, Simmons RL, Haines GK, Radosevich JA. The yin and yang of nitric oxide: reflections on the physiology and pathophysiology of NO. Head Neck 2000; 22:71-83. [PMID: 10585608 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(200001)22:1<71::aid-hed11>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO.) is an arginine-derived nitrogen-based radical that is rapidly becoming one of the most important molecular species to be discovered. Over the past decade, an explosion of evidence has revealed the extreme complexity of function of this seemingly simple inorganic molecule. It is now evident that NO. demonstrates a functional dualism, playing a pivotal role in numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Whether this molecule is beneficial or detrimental is dependent upon the tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, and the presence or absence of NO. transduction elements. Nitric oxide is generated by three independent isoenzymes that resemble the p-450 enzyme superfamily in both form and function. It ultimately alters enzymatic function through covalent modification, redox interactions, and interactions with metallic functional centers. This radical is a key figure in a number of pathophysiologic processes by means of similar yet uncoordinated interactions. In consideration of the already broad spectrum of roles attributed to NO., it seems highly likely that this molecule will be implicated in an ever widening variety of functions relative to the practice of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. This article reviews the enzymology, signal transduction mechanisms, physiology, and pathophysiology of NO. as it pertains to head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Bentz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Searle Building 12-561, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA
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50
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Yalowich JC, Gorbunov NV, Kozlov AV, Allan W, Kagan VE. Mechanisms of nitric oxide protection against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity in iNOS-transduced human erythroleukemia cells. Biochemistry 1999; 38:10691-8. [PMID: 10451363 DOI: 10.1021/bi9829229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied nitric oxide-mediated protection against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced cytotoxicity in a subline of human erythroleukemia K562 cells (K/VP.5) and in K/VP.5 cells transduced with a retroviral vector containing the human iNOS gene (K/VP. 5-iNOS). K/VP.5-iNOS cells were 2-fold less sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of t-BuOOH compared to K/VP.5 cells. A nitric oxide-donor, NOC-15 ((Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen-1- ium-1, 2-diolate), protected K/VP.5 cells against t-BuOOH-induced cytotoxicity and provided an additional increment of protection in K/VP.5-iNOS cells. Under conditions of excess t-BuOOH and deficiency of iron catalytic sites (hemoglobin, Hb) in K/VP.5-iNOS cells, the increase of intracellular Hb concentration is the main contributor to enhanced sensitivity of the cells to t-BuOOH-induced cytotoxicity (despite the effects of small amounts of endogenously produced nitric oxide). Protection against t-BuOOH-induced cytotoxicity in K/VP.5-iNOS cells was diminished by treatment with an iNOS inhibitor, L-N(G)-monomethylarginine (L-NMA), but was restored upon addition of NOC-15 to L-NMA-treated cells. Incubation of K/VP.5 cells with NOC-15 resulted in the production of dinitrosyl complexes of non-heme iron and hexacoordinated heme iron nitrosyl complexes based on low-temperature EPR spectra. In K/VP.5-iNOS cells, only a weak EPR signal of dinitrosyl complexes of non-heme iron was observed in the absence of NOC-15. In addition, no heme iron nitrosyl complexes were discernible in the EPR spectra from K/VP.5-iNOS cells. Upon addition of NOC-15 to K/VP.5-iNOS cells, the EPR signal of dinitrosyl complexes of non-heme iron was enhanced, and the EPR signal of nitrosylated heme iron became discernible. It was determined that levels of non-heme and heme (hemoglobin) iron were dramatically decreased in K/VP.5-iNOS cells compared to K/VP.5 cells, thus explaining the decreased intensities of EPR signals of nitrosylated species. In addition, t-BuOOH-induced oxoferryl-Hb-associated protein-centered free radical species as well as t-BuO(*) alkoxyl radicals were observed in these two cell lines. These t-BuOOH-induced radical species were greatly reduced in K/VP.5-iNOS cells compared to K/VP.5 cells, consistent with a reduction in heme iron levels in the iNOS-expressing cells. Most importantly, the combined action of NOC-15 and t-BuOOH resulted in complete elimination of both oxoferryl-associated radical EPR signals as well as those from dinitrosyl complexes of non-heme iron and nitrosylated heme iron in both K/VP.5-iNOS cells and K/VP.5 cells. We conclude that two independent pathways operate in erythroleukemia cells for nitric oxide-mediated protection against t-BuOOH-induced cytotoxicity. First, prolonged endogenous production of nitric oxide results in a decreased content of catalytic non-heme iron and heme iron sites through posttranscriptional regulation of iron homeostasis. Second, nitric oxide can chemically reduce t-BuOOH-induced oxoferryl and t-BuO(*) alkoxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Yalowich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania 15238, USA. Yalowich+@pitt.edu
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