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Kanazawa A, Chattopadhyay A, Kuhlgert S, Tuitupou H, Maiti T, Kramer DM. Light potentials of photosynthetic energy storage in the field: what limits the ability to use or dissipate rapidly increased light energy? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211102. [PMID: 34925868 PMCID: PMC8672073 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The responses of plant photosynthesis to rapid fluctuations in environmental conditions are critical for efficient conversion of light energy. These responses are not well-seen laboratory conditions and are difficult to probe in field environments. We demonstrate an open science approach to this problem that combines multifaceted measurements of photosynthesis and environmental conditions, and an unsupervised statistical clustering approach. In a selected set of data on mint (Mentha sp.), we show that 'light potentials' for linear electron flow and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) upon rapid light increases are strongly suppressed in leaves previously exposed to low ambient photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or low leaf temperatures, factors that can act both independently and cooperatively. Further analyses allowed us to test specific mechanisms. With decreasing leaf temperature or PAR, limitations to photosynthesis during high light fluctuations shifted from rapidly induced NPQ to photosynthetic control of electron flow at the cytochrome b6f complex. At low temperatures, high light induced lumen acidification, but did not induce NPQ, leading to accumulation of reduced electron transfer intermediates, probably inducing photodamage, revealing a potential target for improving the efficiency and robustness of photosynthesis. We discuss the implications of the approach for open science efforts to understand and improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kanazawa
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sebastian Kuhlgert
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hainite Tuitupou
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tapabrata Maiti
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David M. Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Dlouhý O, Kurasová I, Karlický V, Javornik U, Šket P, Petrova NZ, Krumova SB, Plavec J, Ughy B, Špunda V, Garab G. Modulation of non-bilayer lipid phases and the structure and functions of thylakoid membranes: effects on the water-soluble enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11959. [PMID: 32686730 PMCID: PMC7371714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of non-bilayer lipids and non-lamellar lipid phases in biological membranes is an enigmatic problem of membrane biology. Non-bilayer lipids are present in large amounts in all membranes; in energy-converting membranes they constitute about half of their total lipid content—yet their functional state is a bilayer. In vitro experiments revealed that the functioning of the water-soluble violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) enzyme of plant thylakoids requires the presence of a non-bilayer lipid phase. 31P-NMR spectroscopy has provided evidence on lipid polymorphism in functional thylakoid membranes. Here we reveal reversible pH- and temperature-dependent changes of the lipid-phase behaviour, particularly the flexibility of isotropic non-lamellar phases, of isolated spinach thylakoids. These reorganizations are accompanied by changes in the permeability and thermodynamic parameters of the membranes and appear to control the activity of VDE and the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll-a fluorescence. The data demonstrate, for the first time in native membranes, the modulation of the activity of a water-soluble enzyme by a non-bilayer lipid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Dlouhý
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Karlický
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uroš Javornik
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,EN-FIST Center of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nia Z Petrova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sashka B Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,EN-FIST Center of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Győző Garab
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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3
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Gu L, Han J, Wood JD, Chang CYY, Sun Y. Sun-induced Chl fluorescence and its importance for biophysical modeling of photosynthesis based on light reactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1179-1191. [PMID: 30883811 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in observing sun-induced Chl fluorescence (SIF) provides an unprecedented opportunity to advance photosynthesis research in natural environments. However, we still lack an analytical framework to guide SIF studies and integration with the well-developed active fluorescence approaches. Here, we derive a set of coupled fundamental equations to describe the dynamics of SIF and its relationship with C3 and C4 photosynthesis. These equations show that, although SIF is dynamically as complex as photosynthesis, the measured SIF simplifies photosynthetic modeling from the perspective of light reactions by integrating over the dynamic complexities of photosynthesis. Specifically, the measured SIF contains direct information about the actual electron transport from photosystem II to photosystem I, giving a quantifiable link between light and dark reactions. With much-reduced requirements on inputs and parameters, the light-reactions-centric, SIF-based biophysical model complements the traditional, dark-reactions-centric biochemical model of photosynthesis. The SIF-photosynthesis relationship, however, is nonlinear. This is because photosynthesis saturates at high light whereas SIF has a stronger tendency to keep increasing, as fluorescence quantum yield has a relatively muted sensitivity to light levels. Successful applications of the SIF-based model of photosynthesis will depend on a predictive understanding of several previously underexplored physiological and biophysical processes. Advances can be facilitated by coordinated efforts in plant physiology, remote sensing, and eddy covariance flux observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jimei Han
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jeffrey D Wood
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Christine Y-Y Chang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Rogers A, Serbin SP, Ely KS, Wullschleger SD. Terrestrial biosphere models may overestimate Arctic CO 2 assimilation if they do not account for decreased quantum yield and convexity at low temperature. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:167-179. [PMID: 30767227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
How terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) represent leaf photosynthesis and its sensitivity to temperature are two critical components of understanding and predicting the response of the Arctic carbon cycle to global change. We measured the effect of temperature on the response of photosynthesis to irradiance in six Arctic plant species and determined the quantum yield of CO2 fixation ( ϕCO2 ) and the convexity factor (θ). We also determined leaf absorptance (α) from measured reflectance to calculate ϕCO2 on an absorbed light basis ( ϕCO2.a ) and enabled comparison with nine TBMs. The mean ϕCO2.a was 0.045 mol CO2 mol-1 absorbed quanta at 25°C and closely agreed with the mean TBM parameterisation (0.044), but as temperature decreased measured ϕCO2.a diverged from TBMs. At 5°C measured ϕCO2.a was markedly reduced (0.025) and 60% lower than TBM estimates. The θ also showed a significant reduction between 25°C and 5°C. At 5°C θ was 38% lower than the common model parameterisation of 0.7. These data show that TBMs are not accounting for observed reductions in ϕCO2.a and θ that can occur at low temperature. Ignoring these reductions in ϕCO2.a and θ could lead to a marked (45%) overestimation of CO2 assimilation at subsaturating irradiance and low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Kim S Ely
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
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Zuo Z, Yang Y, Xu Q, Yang W, Zhao J, Zhou L. Effects of phosphorus sources on volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis flos-aquae and their toxic effects on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1283-1298. [PMID: 29264818 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is diverse phosphorus (P) in eutrophicated waters, but it is considered as a crucial nutrient for cyanobacteria growth due to its easy precipitation as insoluble salts. To uncover the effects of complex P nutrients on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria and their toxic effects on other algae, the VOCs from Microcystis flos-aquae supplied with different types and amount of P nutrients were analyzed, and the effects of VOCs and their two main compounds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated. When M. flos-aquae cells were supplied with K2HPO4, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate as the sole P source, 27, 23 and 29 compounds were found, respectively, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and esters. With K2HPO4 as the sole P source, the VOC emission increased with reducing P amount, and the maximum emission was found under Non-P condition. In the treatments of M. flos-aquae VOCs under Non-P condition and two main terpenoids (eucalyptol and limonene) in the VOCs, remarkable decreases were found in C. reinhardtii cell growth, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic abilities. Therefore, we deduce that multiple P nutrients in eutrophicated waters induce different VOC emissions from cyanobacteria, and P amount reduction caused by natural precipitation and algal massive growth results in more VOC emissions. These VOCs play toxic roles in cyanobacteria becoming dominant species, and eucalyptol and limonene are two toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Youyou Yang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qinghuan Xu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wangting Yang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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Yang YJ, Chang W, Huang W, Zhang SB, Hu H. The effects of chilling-light stress on photosystems I and II in three Paphiopedilum species. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:53. [PMID: 29177684 PMCID: PMC5702284 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperatures pose a critical limitation to the physiology and survival of chilling-sensitive plants. One example is the genus Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae), which is mainly native to tropical and subtropical areas from Asia to the Pacific islands. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism(s) underlying its sensitivity to chilling temperature. We examined how chilling-light stress influences the activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in three species: P. armeniacum, P. micranthum, and P. purpuratum. All originate from different distribution zones that cover a range of temperatures. RESULTS Photosystem II of three Paphiopedilum species was remarkable sensitivity to chilling stress. After 8 h chilling stress, the maximum quantum yield of PSII of three species of Paphiopedilum was significantly decreased, especially in P. purpuratum. The quantity of efficient PSI complex (P m ) value did not significantly differ after 8 h chilling treatment compared to the original value in three species. The stronger PSII photoinhibition and significantly less capacity for cyclic electron flow (CEF) were observed in P. purpuratum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the three species of Paphiopedilum showed significant PSII photoinhibition when exposed to 4 °C chilling treatment. However, their PSI activities were not susceptible to chilling-light stress during 8 h. The CEF was important for the photoprotection of PSI and PSII in P. armeniacum and P. micranthum under chilling conditions. Our findings suggested that the photosynthetic characteristics of Paphiopedilum were well adapted to their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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Dalmannsdottir S, Jørgensen M, Rapacz M, Østrem L, Larsen A, Rødven R, Rognli OA. Cold acclimation in warmer extended autumns impairs freezing tolerance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and timothy (Phleum pratense). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:266-281. [PMID: 28144950 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of variable autumn temperatures in combination with decreasing irradiance and daylength on photosynthesis, growth cessation and freezing tolerance was investigated in northern- and southern-adapted populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and timothy (Phleum pratense) intended for use in regions at northern high latitudes. Plants were subjected to three different acclimation temperatures; 12, 6 and 9/3°C (day/night) for 4 weeks, followed by 1 week of cold acclimation at 2°C under natural light conditions. This experimental setup was repeated at three different periods during autumn with decreasing sums of irradiance and daylengths. Photoacclimation, leaf elongation and freezing tolerance were studied. The results showed that plants cold acclimated during the period with lowest irradiance and shortest day had lowest freezing tolerance, lowest photosynthetic activity, longest leaves and least biomass production. Higher acclimation temperature (12°C) resulted in lower freezing tolerance, lower photosynthetic activity, faster leaf elongation rate and higher biomass compared with the other temperatures. Photochemical mechanisms were predominant in photoacclimation. The northern-adapted populations had a better freezing tolerance than the southern-adapted except when grown during the late autumn period and at the highest temperature; then there were no differences between the populations. Our results indicate that the projected climate change in the north may reduce freezing tolerance in grasses as acclimation will take place at higher temperatures and shorter daylengths with lower irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigridur Dalmannsdottir
- Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Holt, 9016 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås
| | - Marit Jørgensen
- Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Holt, 9016 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Liv Østrem
- Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Fureneset, 6967, Hellevik i Fjaler, Norway
| | - Arild Larsen
- Graminor AS, Bjørke gård, Hommelstadvegen 60, 2322, Ridabu, Norway
| | - Rolf Rødven
- Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Holt, 9016 Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Odd Arne Rognli
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås
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8
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Pietrini F, Iori V, Beone T, Mirabile D, Zacchini M. Effects of a ladle furnace slag added to soil on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of Amaranthus paniculatus L. plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 329:339-347. [PMID: 28196340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrial slag from steelwork activities is considered a by-product by the EU legislation and it can be used for civil construction. In this work, an experiment in a greenhouse was conducted over a 6-week period to investigate the effect of soil enrichment with ladle furnace slag on morpho-physiological parameters of Amaranthus paniculatus L. plants. Results showed that the addition of 5% (w/w) slag to soil did not alter the plant growth, highlighting a high tolerance to this slag concentration. Contrarily, plants cultivated in a soil with 10% (w/w) slag showed a marked reduction both in growth and biometric parameters. Moreover, plants grown on a slag-rich soil (20% w/w) highlighted a very low survival rate. This behaviour was confirmed by the biochemical and physiological investigations on chlorophyll a and b content, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analyses. Metal(loid)s determination showed the accumulation of Ni, Se, Sn, As, Sb and Cd in 10% slag-treated plants, while revealed an increase in Ni, Cd, As and Pb in 5% slag-treated plants. Results are discussed highlighting the profitability of the cultivation of Amaranthus plants on slag enriched soil, as this plant species is largely used both as feedstock for energy production and for environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pietrini
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Iori
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Teresa Beone
- Centro Sviluppo Materiali SpA, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Daphne Mirabile
- Centro Sviluppo Materiali SpA, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Zacchini
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
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9
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Zagari N, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Sandal N, Su J, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Stougaard J, Pribil M, Leister D, Pulido P. SNOWY COTYLEDON 2 Promotes Chloroplast Development and Has a Role in Leaf Variegation in Both Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:721-734. [PMID: 28286296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain various factors that transiently interact with subunits or intermediates of the thylakoid multiprotein complexes, promoting their stable association and integration. Hence, assembly factors are essential for chloroplast development and the transition from heterotrophic to phototrophic growth. Snowy cotyledon 2 (SCO2) is a DNAJ-like protein involved in thylakoid membrane biogenesis and interacts with the light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein LHCB1. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SCO2 function was previously reported to be restricted to cotyledons. Here we show that disruption of SCO2 in Lotus japonicus results not only in paler cotyledons but also in variegated true leaves. Furthermore, smaller and pale-green true leaves can also be observed in A. thaliana sco2 (atsco2) mutants under short-day conditions. In both species, SCO2 is required for proper accumulation of PSII-LHCII complexes. In contrast to other variegated mutants, inhibition of chloroplastic translation strongly affects L. japonicus sco2 mutant development and fails to suppress their variegated phenotype. Moreover, inactivation of the suppressor of variegation AtClpR1 in the atsco2 background results in an additive double-mutant phenotype with variegated true leaves. Taken together, our results indicate that SCO2 plays a distinct role in PSII assembly or repair and constitutes a novel factor involved in leaf variegation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zagari
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibañez
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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10
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Ahrar M, Doneva D, Tattini M, Brunetti C, Gori A, Rodeghiero M, Wohlfahrt G, Biasioli F, Varotto C, Loreto F, Velikova V. Phenotypic differences determine drought stress responses in ecotypes of Arundo donax adapted to different environments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2439-2451. [PMID: 28449129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax has been identified as an important biomass and biofuel crop. Yet, there has been little research on photosynthetic and metabolic traits, which sustain the high productivity of A. donax under drought conditions. This study determined phenotypic differences between two A. donax ecotypes coming from stands with contrasting adaptation to dry climate. We hypothesized that the Bulgarian (BG) ecotype, adapted to drier conditions, exhibits greater drought tolerance than the Italian (IT) ecotype, adapted to a more mesic environment. Under well-watered conditions the BG ecotype was characterized by higher photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency, PSII efficiency, isoprene emission rate and carotenoids, whereas the IT ecotype showed higher levels of hydroxycinnamates. Photosynthesis of water-stressed plants was mainly limited by diffusional resistance to CO2 in BG, and by biochemistry in IT. Recovery of photosynthesis was more rapid and complete in BG than in IT, which may indicate better stability of the photosynthetic apparatus associated to enhanced induction of volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study shows that a large phenotypic plasticity among A. donax ecotypes exists, and may be exploited to compensate for the low genetic variability of this species when selecting plant productivity in constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Ahrar
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dilyana Doneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Trees and Timber Institute, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirco Rodeghiero
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Volatile Compound Facility, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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11
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Kaiser E, Kromdijk J, Harbinson J, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM. Photosynthetic induction and its diffusional, carboxylation and electron transport processes as affected by CO2 partial pressure, temperature, air humidity and blue irradiance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:191-205. [PMID: 28025286 PMCID: PMC5218377 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants depend on photosynthesis for growth. In nature, factors such as temperature, humidity, CO2 partial pressure, and spectrum and intensity of irradiance often fluctuate. Whereas irradiance intensity is most influential and has been studied in detail, understanding of interactions with other factors is lacking. METHODS We tested how photosynthetic induction after dark-light transitions was affected by CO2 partial pressure (20, 40, 80 Pa), leaf temperatures (15·5, 22·8, 30·5 °C), leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficits (VPDleaf-air; 0·5, 0·8, 1·6, 2·3 kPa) and blue irradiance (0-20 %) in tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum). KEY RESULTS Rates of photosynthetic induction strongly increased with CO2 partial pressure, due to increased apparent Rubisco activation rates and reduced diffusional limitations. High leaf temperature produced slightly higher induction rates, and increased intrinsic water use efficiency and diffusional limitation. High VPDleaf-air slowed down induction rates and apparent Rubisco activation and (at 2·3 kPa) induced damped stomatal oscillations. Blue irradiance had no effect. Slower apparent Rubisco activation in elevated VPDleaf-air may be explained by low leaf internal CO2 partial pressure at the beginning of induction. CONCLUSIONS The environmental factors CO2 partial pressure, temperature and VPDleaf-air had significant impacts on rates of photosynthetic induction, as well as on underlying diffusional, carboxylation and electron transport processes. Furthermore, maximizing Rubisco activation rates would increase photosynthesis by at most 6-8 % in ambient CO2 partial pressure (across temperatures and humidities), while maximizing rates of stomatal opening would increase photosynthesis by at most 1-3 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Xu Q, Yang L, Yang W, Bai Y, Hou P, Zhao J, Zhou L, Zuo Z. Volatile organic compounds released from Microcystis flos-aquae under nitrogen sources and their toxic effects on Chlorella vulgaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:191-200. [PMID: 27741460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication promotes massive growth of cyanobacteria and algal blooms, which can poison other algae and reduce biodiversity. To investigate the differences in multiple nitrogen (N) sources in eutrophicated water on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria, and their toxic effects on other algal growth, we analyzed VOCs emitted from Microcystis flos-aquae with different types and concentrations of nitrogen, and determined the effects under Normal-N and Non-N conditions on Chlorella vulgaris. M. flos-aquae released 27, 22, 20, 27, 19, 25 and 17 compounds, respectively, with NaNO3, NaNO2, NH4Cl, urea, Ser, Lys and Arg as the sole N source. With the reduction in N amount, the emission of VOCs was increased markedly, and the most VOCs were found under Non-N condition. C. vulgaris cell propagation, photosynthetic pigment and Fv/Fm declined significantly following exposure to M. flos-aquae VOCs under Non-N condition, but not under Normal-N condition. When C. vulgaris cells were treated with two terpenoids, eucalyptol and limonene, the inhibitory effects were enhanced with increasing concentrations. Therefore, multiple N sources in eutrophicated water induce different VOC emissions from cyanobacteria, and reduction in N can cause nutrient competition, which can result in emissions of more VOCs. Those VOCs released from M. flos-aquae cells under Non-N for nutrient competition can inhibit other algal growth. Among those VOCs, eucalyptol and limonene are the major toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghuan Xu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wangting Yang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
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13
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Velikova V, Brunetti C, Tattini M, Doneva D, Ahrar M, Tsonev T, Stefanova M, Ganeva T, Gori A, Ferrini F, Varotto C, Loreto F. Physiological significance of isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids in drought response of Arundinoideae species with contrasting habitats and metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2185-97. [PMID: 27351898 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Physiological, biochemical and morpho-anatomical traits that determine the phenotypic plasticity of plants under drought were tested in two Arundinoideae with contrasting habitats, growth traits and metabolism: the fast-growing Arundo donax, which also is a strong isoprene emitter, and the slow-growing Hakonechloa macra that does not invest on isoprene biosynthesis. In control conditions, A. donax displayed not only higher photosynthesis but also higher concentration of carotenoids and lower phenylpropanoid content than H. macra. In drought-stressed plants, photosynthesis was similarly inhibited in both species, but substantially recovered only in A. donax after rewatering. Decline of photochemical and biochemical parameters, increased concentration of CO2 inside leaves, and impairment of chloroplast ultrastructure were only observed in H. macra indicating damage of photosynthetic machinery under drought. It is suggested that volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids produced by A. donax efficiently preserve the chloroplasts from transient drought damage, while H. macra invests on phenylpropanoids that are less efficient in preserving photosynthesis but likely offer better antioxidant protection under prolonged stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Trees and Timber Institute, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Dilyana Doneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mastaneh Ahrar
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Tsveta Ganeva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy
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14
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Jurczyk B, Pociecha E, Grzesiak M, Kalita K, Rapacz M. Enhanced expression of Rubisco activase splicing variants differentially affects Rubisco activity during low temperature treatment in Lolium perenne. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 198:49-55. [PMID: 27152456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of the Rubisco activase gene was shown to be a point for optimization of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. It can be expected to be a stress-regulated event that depends on plant freezing tolerance. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships among Rubisco activity, the expression of two Rubisco activase splicing variants and photoacclimation to low temperature. The experiment was performed on two Lolium perenne genotypes with contrasting levels of freezing tolerance. The study investigated the effect of pre-hardening (15°C) and cold acclimation (4°C) on net photosynthesis, photosystem II photochemical activity, Rubisco activity and the expression of two splicing variants of the Rubisco activase gene. The results showed an induction of Rubisco activity at both 15°C and 4°C only in a highly freezing-tolerant genotype. The enhanced Rubisco activity after pre-hardening corresponded to increased expression of the splicing variant representing the large isoform, while the increase in Rubisco activity during cold acclimation was due to the activation of both transcript variants. These boosts in Rubisco activity also corresponded to an activation of non-photochemical mechanism of photoacclimation induced at low temperature exclusively in the highly freezing-tolerant genotype. In conclusion, enhanced expression of Rubisco activase splicing variants caused an increase in Rubisco activity during pre-hardening and cold acclimation in the more freezing-tolerant Lolium perenne genotype. The induction of the transcript variant representing the large isoform may be an important element of increasing the carbon assimilation rate supporting the photochemical mechanism of photosynthetic acclimation to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jurczyk
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Grzesiak
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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15
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Bhuiyan MSI, Maynard G, Raman A, Hodgkins D, Mitchell D, Nicol H. Salt effects on proline and glycine betaine levels and photosynthetic performance in Melilotus siculus, Tecticornia pergranulata and Thinopyrum ponticum measured in simulated saline conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:254-265. [PMID: 32480458 DOI: 10.1071/fp15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We measured proline and glycine betaine levels and photosynthetic performance (net-photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)) in relation to Na+ and Cl- accumulation in Melilotus siculus (Turra) B.D.Jacks. (Fabaceae), Tecticornia pergranulata (J.M.Black) K.A.Sheph. & Paul G.Wilson (Amaranthaceae: Salicornioideae) and Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.-W.Liu & R.-C.Wang (Poaceae) grown under saline conditions in the greenhouse. These plants were selected in this study because of their known salt-tolerance capacity and value as forage plants. Moreover, the pasture legume M. siculus is considered to have particular potential for saline land remediation because of its salinity and waterlogging tolerance. Maximum Na+ and Cl- accumulation occurred in Te. pergranulata shoots. Minimum was in Th. ponticum shoots. Maximum Na+ accumulation occurred in the roots of Te. pergranulata, whereas that of Cl- occurred in the roots of Th. ponticum. Accumulation of both Na+ and Cl- was the least in M. siculus roots. Te. pergranulata metabolized high levels of glycine betaine (110µmolg-1 DW). M. siculus metabolized high levels of proline (6µmolg-1 DW). Th. ponticum accumulated intermediate levels of these organic osmolytes. No significant change occurred in Fv/Fm values. Pn value increased and NPQ value decreased in Te. pergranulata with increasing salinity and the reverse occurred in both M. siculus and Th. ponticum. A negative significant correlation occurred between Pn and glycine betaine in M. siculus and Th. ponticum. A positive significant correlation occurred between NPQ and glycine betaine in M. siculus. No correlation occurred between proline and Pn, proline and NPQ in the tested three plants. Te. pergranulata could maintain cell-osmotic balance by synthesising high levels of organic osmolytes especially glycine betaine and concurrently showing the most efficient photosynthetic performance. Compared with the levels of osmolytes in Te. pergranulata, the levels of osmolytes that occur in M. siculus and Th. ponticum were insufficient to maintain cell-osmotic balance and also that M. siculus and Th. ponticum showed a lower level of photosynthetic performance. We conclude that glycine betaine is potentially the vital organic osmolyte for Te. pergranulata and Th. ponticum enabling salinity stress tolerance. However, in M. siculus, proline appears to be the potential organic osmolyte in salinity stress tolerance. In terms of the potential of these species for stabilising saline soils in central-western New South Wales, Te. pergranulata would be the candidate of choice; however, for greater pasture value Th. ponticum would be the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S I Bhuiyan
- Soil Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Greggory Maynard
- Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Anantanarayanan Raman
- Soil Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Dennis Hodgkins
- Soil Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - David Mitchell
- Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Forrest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Helen Nicol
- Soil Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
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16
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Janeczko A, Gruszka D, Pociecha E, Dziurka M, Filek M, Jurczyk B, Kalaji HM, Kocurek M, Waligórski P. Physiological and biochemical characterisation of watered and drought-stressed barley mutants in the HvDWARF gene encoding C6-oxidase involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 99:126-41. [PMID: 26752435 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that were discovered more than thirty years ago, but their physiological function has yet to be fully explained. The aim of the study was to answer the question of whether/how disturbances in the production of BR in barley affects the plant's metabolism and development under conditions of optimal watering and drought. Mutants with an impaired production of BR are one of the best tools in research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action of these hormones. The study used barley cultivars with a normal BR synthesis (wild type) and semi-dwarf allelic mutants with an impaired activity of C6-oxidase (mutation in HvDWARF), which resulted in a decreased BR synthesis. Half of the plants were subjected to drought stress in the seedling stage and the other half were watered optimally. Plants with impaired BR production were characterised by a lower height and developmental retardation. Under both optimal watering and drought, BR synthesis disorders caused the reduced production of ABA and cytokinins, but not auxins. The BR mutants also produced less osmoprotectant (proline). The optimally watered and drought-stressed mutants accumulated less sucrose, which was accompanied by changes in the production of other soluble sugars. The increased content of fructooligosaccharide (kestose) in optimally watered mutants would suggest that BR is a negative regulator of kestose production. The decreased level of nystose in the drought-stressed mutants also suggests BR involvement in the regulation of the production of this fructooligosaccharide. The accumulation of the transcripts of genes associated with stress response (hsp90) was lower in the watered and drought-stressed BR-deficient mutants. In turn, the lower efficiency of photosystem II and the net photosynthetic rate in mutants was revealed only under drought conditions. The presented research allows for the physiological and biochemical traits of two BR-barley mutants to be characterised, which helps BR function to be understood. The knowledge can also be a good starting point for some breeding companies that are interested in introducing new semi-dwarf barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Filek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw Agricultural University WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
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17
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Nosek M, Kornaś A, Kuźniak E, Miszalski Z. Plastoquinone redox state modifies plant response to pathogen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:163-70. [PMID: 26263519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of PQ (plastoquinione) redox state in establishment of response to pathogen infection (Botrytis cinerea) was tested along the regulation of main antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT) and photochemistry of PSII (photosystem II) in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants performing C3 and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) carbon metabolism. The redox state of PQ was modified by two inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport resulting in a more oxidised (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; DCMU) or reduced (2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone; DBMIB) PQ redox state simulating darkness and high light conditions, respectively. Irrespective of the type of treatment (mock inoculation or pathogen inoculation) SOD activity depended on the PQ pool. Our results suggest that regarding changes in infection-induced CAT activity, plants developed response that is vital for hypersensitive-like (HR-like) response establishment only when PQ pool generated signal was similar to that in light presence (DBMIB pre-treatment). When PQ pool generated signal was similar to darkness, CAT activity response remained stress-independent, similarly to SOD. Fluorescence parameters of PSII, Qp (photochemical quenching coefficient) and NPQ (non-photochemical quenching) were affected only in the tissues treated with DCMU in stress-independent manner. We suggest that in case of abiotic and biotic stresses signals emerging from PQ pool indirectly orchestrate plant response and carbon metabolism affects this regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
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18
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Kaiser E, Morales A, Harbinson J, Kromdijk J, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM. Dynamic photosynthesis in different environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2415-26. [PMID: 25324402 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Incident irradiance on plant leaves often fluctuates, causing dynamic photosynthesis. Whereas steady-state photosynthetic responses to environmental factors have been extensively studied, knowledge of dynamic modulation of photosynthesis remains scarce and scattered. This review addresses this discrepancy by summarizing available data and identifying the research questions necessary to advance our understanding of interactions between environmental factors and dynamic behaviour of photosynthesis using a mechanistic framework. Firstly, dynamic photosynthesis is separated into sub-processes related to proton and electron transport, non-photochemical quenching, control of metabolite flux through the Calvin cycle (activation states of Rubisco and RuBP regeneration, and post-illumination metabolite turnover), and control of CO₂ supply to Rubisco (stomatal and mesophyll conductance changes). Secondly, the modulation of dynamic photosynthesis and its sub-processes by environmental factors is described. Increases in ambient CO₂ concentration and temperature (up to ~35°C) enhance rates of photosynthetic induction and decrease its loss, facilitating more efficient dynamic photosynthesis. Depending on the sensitivity of stomatal conductance, dynamic photosynthesis may additionally be modulated by air humidity. Major knowledge gaps exist regarding environmental modulation of loss of photosynthetic induction, dynamic changes in mesophyll conductance, and the extent of limitations imposed by stomatal conductance for different species and environmental conditions. The study of mutants or genetic transformants for specific processes under various environmental conditions could provide significant progress in understanding the control of dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Morales
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Effects of NaCl and Na2CO3 stresses on photosynthetic ability of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Ladle RJ, Goltsev V, Bosa K, Allakhverdiev SI, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Dąbrowski P, Elsheery NI, Ferroni L, Guidi L, Hogewoning SW, Jajoo A, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Poli D, Pollastrini M, Romanowska-Duda ZB, Rutkowska B, Serôdio J, Suresh K, Szulc W, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M. Frequently asked questions about in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence: practical issues. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:121-58. [PMID: 25119687 PMCID: PMC4210649 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware, methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology. We present the paper in a question and answer format like frequently asked questions. Although nearly all information on the application of Chl a fluorescence can be found in the literature, it is not always easily accessible. This paper is primarily aimed at scientists who have some experience with the application of Chl a fluorescence but are still in the process of discovering what it all means and how it can be used. Topics discussed are (among other things) the kind of information that can be obtained using different fluorescence techniques, the interpretation of Chl a fluorescence signals, specific applications of these techniques, and practical advice on different subjects, such as on the length of dark adaptation before measurement of the Chl a fluorescence transient. The paper also provides the physiological background for some of the applied procedures. It also serves as a source of reference for experienced scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gert Schansker
- Avenue des Amazones 2, 1226 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
| | - Richard J. Ladle
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Praça Afrânio Jorge, s/n, Prado, Maceió, AL Brazil
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr. Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karolina Bosa
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276 Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Piotr Dąbrowski
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452 001 M.P India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, C de Vera sn, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - DorothyBelle Poli
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153 USA
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Beata Rutkowska
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- Directorate of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari Dt., Pedavegi, 534 450 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Xu Z, Ban Y, Li Z, Chen H, Yang R, Tang M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a role in protecting roots of Sophora viciifolia Hance. from Pb damage associated with increased phytochelatin synthase gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12671-12683. [PMID: 24958536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the expressions of the dominant plant-related genes under heavy metal (HM) stress is important for developing strategies to reclaim polluted sites. In this study, we cloned full-length cDNAs of phytochelatin synthase gene (PCS1) and Actin of Sophora viciifolia Hance., a predominant plant in Qiandongshan lead and zinc mine, by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Consequently, we studied the response of SvPCS1 to Funneliformis mosseae inoculation under lead stress (0, 50, and 200 μM Pb(NO3)2) at different durations (1, 3, and 7 days) using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. The Pb concentrations and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also measured to assay Pb toxicity to Sophora viciifolia. We found that Pb concentrations in roots increased with increasing Pb application and the durations; the F v /F m , F v /F o , qP, and Y(II) decreased; NPQ rose with increasing Pb concentrations; mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviated the Pb toxicity to plants; and SvPCS1 was constitutively expressed in the roots. It was also found that F. mosseae inoculation could promote the expression of SvPCS1 with the concentration ≤ 200 μM at the exposure time shorter than 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Rys M, Juhász C, Surówka E, Janeczko A, Saja D, Tóbiás I, Skoczowski A, Barna B, Gullner G. Comparison of a compatible and an incompatible pepper-tobamovirus interaction by biochemical and non-invasive techniques: chlorophyll a fluorescence, isothermal calorimetry and FT-Raman spectroscopy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:267-78. [PMID: 25194777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of a pepper cultivar harboring the L(3) resistance gene were inoculated with Obuda pepper virus (ObPV), which led to the appearance of hypersensitive necrotic lesions approx. 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) (incompatible interaction), or with Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) that caused no visible symptoms on the inoculated leaves (compatible interaction). ObPV inoculation of leaves resulted in ion leakage already 18 hpi, up-regulation of a pepper carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) gene from 24 hpi, heat emission and declining chlorophyll a content from 48 hpi, and partial desiccation from 72 hpi. After the appearance of necrotic lesions a strong inhibition of photochemical energy conversion was observed, which led to photochemically inactive leaf areas 96 hpi. However, leaf tissues adjacent to these inactive areas showed elevated ΦPSII and Fv/Fm values proving the advantage of chlorophyll a imaging technique. PMMoV inoculation also led to a significant rise of ion leakage and heat emission, to the up-regulation of the pepper CCD gene as well as to decreased PSII efficiency, but these responses were much weaker than in the case of ObPV inoculation. Chlorophyll b and total carotenoid contents as measured by spectrophotometric methods were not significantly influenced by any virus inoculations when these pigment contents were calculated on leaf surface basis. On the other hand, near-infrared FT-Raman spectroscopy showed an increase of carotenoid content in ObPV-inoculated leaves suggesting that the two techniques detect different sets of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rys
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Diana Saja
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland
| | - István Tóbiás
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Skoczowski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
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23
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Porcar-Castell A, Tyystjärvi E, Atherton J, van der Tol C, Flexas J, Pfündel EE, Moreno J, Frankenberg C, Berry JA. Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: mechanisms and challenges. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4065-95. [PMID: 24868038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization, functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now measurable from remote sensing platforms. This provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the spatiotemporal and methodological context of the new applications is dramatically different compared with most of the available ChlF literature, which raises a number of important considerations. Although we have a good mechanistic understanding of the processes that control the ChlF signal over the short term, the seasonal link between ChlF and photosynthesis remains obscure. Additionally, while the current understanding of in vivo ChlF is based on pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) measurements, remote sensing applications are based on the measurement of the passive solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), which entails important differences and new challenges that remain to be solved. In this review we introduce and revisit the physical, physiological, and methodological factors that control the leaf-level ChlF signal in the context of the new remote sensing applications. Specifically, we present the basis of photosynthetic acclimation and its optical signals, we introduce the physical and physiological basis of ChlF from the molecular to the leaf level and beyond, and we introduce and compare PAM and SIF methodology. Finally, we evaluate and identify the challenges that still remain to be answered in order to consolidate our mechanistic understanding of the remotely sensed SIF signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Porcar-Castell
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jon Atherton
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jaume Flexas
- Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Tattini M, Velikova V, Vickers C, Brunetti C, Di Ferdinando M, Trivellini A, Fineschi S, Agati G, Ferrini F, Loreto F. Isoprene production in transgenic tobacco alters isoprenoid, non-structural carbohydrate and phenylpropanoid metabolism, and protects photosynthesis from drought stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1950-64. [PMID: 24738622 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene strengthens thylakoid membranes and scavenges stress-induced oxidative species. The idea that isoprene production might also influence isoprenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways under stress conditions was tested. We used transgenic tobacco to compare physiological and biochemical traits of isoprene-emitting (IE) and non-emitting (NE) plants exposed to severe drought and subsequent re-watering. Photosynthesis was less affected by drought in IE than in NE plants, and higher rates were also observed in IE than in NE plants recovering from drought. Isoprene emission was stimulated by mild drought. Under severe drought, isoprene emission declined, and levels of non-volatile isoprenoids, specifically de-epoxidated xanthophylls and abscisic acid (ABA), were higher in IE than in NE plants. Soluble sugars and phenylpropanoids were also higher in IE plants. After re-watering, IE plants maintained higher levels of metabolites, but isoprene emission was again higher than in unstressed plants. We suggest that isoprene production in transgenic tobacco triggered different responses, depending upon drought severity. Under drought, the observed trade-off between isoprene and non-volatile isoprenoids suggests that in IE plants isoprene acts as a short-term protectant, whereas non-volatile isoprenoids protect against severe, long-term damage. After drought, it is suggested that the capacity to emit isoprene might up-regulate production of non-volatile isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids, which may further protect IE leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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25
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Ruban AV, Belgio E. The relationship between maximum tolerated light intensity and photoprotective energy dissipation in the photosynthetic antenna: chloroplast gains and losses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130222. [PMID: 24591709 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The principle of quantifying the efficiency of protection of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres against photoinhibition by non-photochemical energy dissipation (NPQ) has been recently introduced by Ruban & Murchie (2012 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1817, 977-982 (doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.026)). This is based upon the assessment of two key parameters: (i) the relationship between the PSII yield and NPQ, and (ii) the fraction of intact PSII reaction centres in the dark after illumination. In this paper, we have quantified the relationship between the amplitude of NPQ and the light intensity at which all PSII reaction centres remain intact for plants with different levels of PsbS protein, known to play a key role in the process. It was found that the same, nearly linear, relationship exists between the levels of the protective NPQ component (pNPQ) and the tolerated light intensity in all types of studied plants. This approach allowed for the quantification of the maximum tolerated light intensity, the light intensity at which all plant leaves become photoinhibited, the fraction of (most likely) unnecessary or 'wasteful' NPQ, and the fraction of photoinhibited PSII reaction centres under conditions of prolonged illumination by full sunlight. It was concluded that the governing factors in the photoprotection of PSII are the level and rate of protective pNPQ formation, which are often in discord with the amplitude of the conventional measure of photoprotection, the quickly reversible NPQ component, qE. Hence, we recommend pNPQ as a more informative and less ambiguous parameter than qE, as it reflects the effectiveness and limitations of the major photoprotective process of the photosynthetic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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26
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Hoppe CJM, Hassler CS, Payne CD, Tortell PD, Rost B, Trimborn S. Iron limitation modulates ocean acidification effects on southern ocean phytoplankton communities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79890. [PMID: 24278207 PMCID: PMC3835797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential interactive effects of iron (Fe) limitation and Ocean Acidification in the Southern Ocean (SO) are largely unknown. Here we present results of a long-term incubation experiment investigating the combined effects of CO2 and Fe availability on natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Active Chl a fluorescence measurements revealed that we successfully cultured phytoplankton under both Fe-depleted and Fe-enriched conditions. Fe treatments had significant effects on photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm; 0.3 for Fe-depleted and 0.5 for Fe-enriched conditions), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and relative electron transport rates (rETR). pCO2 treatments significantly affected NPQ and rETR, but had no effect on Fv/Fm. Under Fe limitation, increased pCO2 had no influence on C fixation whereas under Fe enrichment, primary production increased with increasing pCO2 levels. These CO2-dependent changes in productivity under Fe-enriched conditions were accompanied by a pronounced taxonomic shift from weakly to heavily silicified diatoms (i.e. from Pseudo-nitzschia sp. to Fragilariopsis sp.). Under Fe-depleted conditions, this functional shift was absent and thinly silicified species dominated all pCO2 treatments (Pseudo-nitzschia sp. and Synedropsis sp. for low and high pCO2, respectively). Our results suggest that Ocean Acidification could increase primary productivity and the abundance of heavily silicified, fast sinking diatoms in Fe-enriched areas, both potentially leading to a stimulation of the biological pump. Over much of the SO, however, Fe limitation could restrict this possible CO2 fertilization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara J. M. Hoppe
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christel S. Hassler
- University of Technology Sydney, Plant Functional Biology and Climate Chance Cluster, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Björn Rost
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Scarlett Trimborn
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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27
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Alvarez R, del Hoyo A, García-Breijo F, Reig-Armiñana J, del Campo EM, Guéra A, Barreno E, Casano LM. Different strategies to achieve Pb-tolerance by the two Trebouxia algae coexisting in the lichen Ramalina farinacea. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1797-1806. [PMID: 22841624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lichen thalli are permeable to airborne substances, including heavy metals, which are harmful to cell metabolism. Ramalina farinacea shows a moderate tolerance to Pb. This lichen comprises two Trebouxia phycobionts, provisionally referred to as TR1 and TR9, with distinct physiological responses to acute oxidative stress. Thus, there is a more severe decay in photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments in TR1 than in TR9. Similarly, under oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and HSP70 protein decrease in TR1 but increase in TR9. Since Pb toxicity is associated with increased ROS formation, we hypothesized greater Pb tolerance in this phycobiont. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to characterize the physiological differences in the responses of TR1 and TR9 to Pb exposure. Liquid cultures of isolated phycobionts were incubated for 7 days in the presence of Pb(NO₃)₂. Thereafter, extracellular and intracellular Pb accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthesis (as modulated chlorophyll fluorescence) were analyzed along with the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and catalase (CAT), and the stress-related protein HSP70. Pb uptake increased with the amount of supplied Pb in both algae. However, while significantly more metal was immobilized extracellularly by TR9, the amount of intracellular Pb accumulation was three times higher in TR1. In neither of the phycobionts were significant effects on photosynthetic pigments or photosynthetic electron transport observed. While under control conditions GR, SOD, and APx levels were significantly higher in TR1 than in TR9, only in the latter were these enzymes induced by Pb. This resulted in quantitatively similar antioxidant activities in the two algae when exposed to Pb. In conclusion, the phycobionts of R. farinacea make use of two different strategies against stress, in which the integration of distinct anatomical and physiological features affords similar levels of Pb tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Beckett M, Loreto F, Velikova V, Brunetti C, Di Ferdinando M, Tattini M, Calfapietra C, Farrant JM. Photosynthetic limitations and volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids in the poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis during dehydration and rehydration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2061-74. [PMID: 22582997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the photosynthetic limitations occurring during dehydration and rehydration of Xerophyta humilis, a poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant, and whether volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids might be involved in desiccation tolerance. Photosynthesis declined rapidly after dehydration below 85% relative water content (RWC). Raising intercellular CO(2) concentrations during desiccation suggest that the main photosynthetic limitation was photochemical, affecting energy-dependent RuBP regeneration. Imaging fluorescence confirmed that both the number of photosystem II (PSII) functional reaction centres and their efficiency were impaired under progressive dehydration, and revealed the occurrence of heterogeneous photosynthesis during desiccation, being the basal leaf area more resistant to the stress. Full recovery in photosynthetic parameters occurred on rehydration, confirming that photosynthetic limitations were fully reversible and that no permanent damage occurred. During desiccation, zeaxanthin and lutein increased only when photosynthesis had ceased, implying that these isoprenoids do not directly scavenge reactive oxygen species, but rather protect photosynthetic membranes from damage and consequent denaturation. X. humilis was found to emit isoprene, a volatile isoprenoid that acts as a membrane strengthener in plants. Isoprene emission was stimulated by drought and peaked at 80% RWC. We surmise that isoprene and non-volatile isoprenoids cooperate in reducing membrane damage in X. humilis, isoprene being effective when desiccation is moderate while non-volatile isoprenoids operate when water deficit is more extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Beckett
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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29
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Janda K, Hideg E, Szalai G, Kovács L, Janda T. Salicylic acid may indirectly influence the photosynthetic electron transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:971-8. [PMID: 22579359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone with important roles in plant development, transpiration, endogenous signaling and defense against pathogens. One of the pathways of SA biosynthesis is located in the chloroplasts. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possible regulatory effects of SA on photosynthetic electron transport processes. Here we show that SA also affects leaf photosynthesis, via inducing stomatal closure and also by slowing down Photosystem II (PS II) electron transport. Photosynthetic CO₂ incorporation and stomatal conductivity (measured with an infrared gas analyzer) were much lower in SA-infiltrated tobacco leaves than in untreated or water-infiltrated controls. PS II electron transport (calculated from PAM chlorophyll fluorescence data) was more sensitive to SA than Photosystem I (PS I) (measured with far red absorption). Direct probing of PS II charge separation and stabilization (measured with thermoluminescence), however, showed that these events were less affected in isolated thylakoid membranes than in leaves, suggesting that the effect of SA on PS II is indirect and different from similar effects of phenolic herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Janda
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6701 Szeged, POB 521, Hungary
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30
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Velikova V, La Mantia T, Lauteri M, Michelozzi M, Nogues I, Loreto F. The impact of winter flooding with saline water on foliar carbon uptake and the volatile fraction of leaves and fruits of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2012; 39:199-213. [PMID: 32480774 DOI: 10.1071/fp11231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the consequences of recurrent winter flooding with saline water on a lemon (Citrus×limon (L.) Burm.f.) orchard, focussing on photosynthesis limitations and emission of secondary metabolites (isoprenoids) from leaves and fruits. Measurements were carried out immediately after flooding (December), at the end of winter (April) and after a dry summer in which plants were irrigated with optimal quality water (September). Photosynthesis was negatively affected by flooding. The effect was still visible at the end of winter, whereas the photosynthetic rate was fully recovered after summer, indicating an unexpected resilience capacity of flooded plants. Photosynthesis inhibition by flooding was not due to diffusive limitations to CO2 entry into the leaf, as indicated by measurements of stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Biochemical and photochemical limitations seemed to play a more important role in limiting the photosynthesis of flooded plants. In young leaves, characterised by high rates of mitochondrial respiration, respiratory rates were enhanced by flooding. Flooding transiently caused large and rapid emission of several volatile isoprenoids. Emission of limonene, the most abundant compound, was stimulated in the leaves, and in young and mature fruits. Flooding changed the blend of emitted isoprenoids, but only few changes were observed in the stored isoprenoids pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Porano, Terni 05010, Italy
| | - Tommaso La Mantia
- Universita' di Palermo - Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Facoltà di Agraria, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Porano, Terni 05010, Italy
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Isabel Nogues
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Porano, Terni 05010, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
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Sperdouli I, Moustakas M. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves under drought stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:118-28. [PMID: 21972900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence imaging, we studied the effect of mild (MiDS), moderate (MoDS) and severe (SDS) drought stress on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry of 4-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in all chl fluorescence parameters was maintained throughout water stress. After exposure to drought stress, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F(v)/F(m)) and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Φ(PSΙΙ)) decreased less in the proximal (base) than in the distal (tip) leaf. The chl fluorescence parameter F(v) /F(m) decreased less after MoDS than MiDS. Under MoDS, the antioxidant mechanism of A. thaliana leaves seemed to be sufficient in scavenging reactive oxygen species, as evident by the decreased lipid peroxidation, the more excitation energy dissipated by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and decreased excitation pressure (1-q(p)). Arabidopsis leaves appear to function normally under MoDS, but do not seem to have particular metabolic tolerance mechanisms under MiDS and SDS, as revealed by the level of lipid peroxidation and decreased quantum yield for dissipation after down-regulation in PSII (Φ(NPQ)), indicating that energy dissipation by down-regulation did not function and electron transport (ETR) was depressed. The simultaneous increased quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (Φ(NO)) indicated that both the photochemical energy conversion and protective regulatory mechanism were insufficient. The non-uniform photosynthetic pattern under drought stress may reflect different zones of leaf anatomy and mesophyll development. The data demonstrate that the effect of different degrees of drought stress on A. thaliana leaves show spatio-temporal heterogeneity, implying that common single time point or single point leaf analyses are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Salleh S, McMinn A. THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS AND RECOVERY OF TWO TEMPERATE BENTHIC MICROALGAE, AMPHORA CF. COFFEAEFORMIS AND COCCONEIS CF. SUBLITTORALIS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:1413-1424. [PMID: 27020365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and irradiance are the most important factors affecting marine benthic microalgal photosynthetic rates in temperate intertidal areas. Two temperate benthic diatoms species, Amphora cf. coffeaeformis (C. Agardh) Kütz. and Cocconeis cf. sublittoralis Hendey, were investigated to determine how their photosynthesis responded to temperatures ranging from 5°C to 50°C after short-term exposure (1 h) to a range of irradiance levels (0, 500, and 1,100 μmol photons · m(-2 ) ·( ) s(-1) ). Significant differences were observed between the temperature responses of maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), photoacclimation index (Ek ), photosynthetic efficiency (α), and effective quantum yield (ΔF/Fm' ) in both species. A. coffeaeformis had a greater tolerance to higher temperatures than C. sublittoralis, with nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) activated at temperatures of 45°C and 50°C. C. sublittoralis, however, demonstrated a more rapid rate of recovery at ambient temperatures. Temperatures between 10°C and 20°C were determined to be optimal for photosynthesis for both species. High temperatures and irradiances caused a greater decrease in ΔF/Fm' values. These results suggest that the effects of temperature are species specific and that short-term exposure to adverse temperature slows the recovery process, which subsequently leads to photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazlina Salleh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Box 252-77, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew McMinn
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Box 252-77, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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Porcar-Castell A. A high-resolution portrait of the annual dynamics of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching in needles of Pinus sylvestris. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 143:139-53. [PMID: 21615415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning of excitation energy between photochemical quenching (PQ) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes is constantly adjusted in the leaf in order to preserve the photosynthetic energy balance. Adjustments in PQ and NPQ often result from a combination of different temporal components that can be simplified into reversible and sustained components. While reversible PQ and NPQ are relatively well understood, the controls behind the sustained components of PQ and NPQ, or the interaction between sustained and reversible NPQ, remain elusive. In this study, I used a full year of high-resolution chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) data obtained with a Monitoring-PAM fluorometer (Walz, Effeltrich, Germany) in needles of boreal Pinus sylvestris in situ to quantitatively analyse the dynamics and interaction between temporal components of NPQ and PQ and their control by the environment. To enable the estimation of sustained and reversible components of PQ and NPQ, a number of key ChlF parameters were reviewed and adapted to the analysis of long-term monitoring data. Overall, NPQ was drastically enhanced during winter via the accumulation of sustained NPQ in a process regulated by air temperature. Reversible NPQ retained some functionality even at temperatures well below zero and was not inhibited by the presence of sustained NPQ per se but by low temperatures alone. This suggests that temporal NPQ components co-operate in an additive rather than complementary fashion, conferring additional flexibility to the photoprotective role of NPQ. Finally, the potential of the sustained photochemical quenching parameter (qL(s) ) to track photoinhibition in situ was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Porcar-Castell
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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del Hoyo A, Álvarez R, del Campo EM, Gasulla F, Barreno E, Casano LM. Oxidative stress induces distinct physiological responses in the two Trebouxia phycobionts of the lichen Ramalina farinacea. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:109-18. [PMID: 21051454 PMCID: PMC3002467 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most lichens form associations with Trebouxia phycobionts and some of them simultaneously include genetically different algal lineages. In other symbiotic systems involving algae (e.g. reef corals), the relative abundances of different endosymbiotic algal clades may change over time. This process seems to provide a mechanism allowing the organism to respond to environmental stress. A similar mechanism may operate in lichens with more than one algal lineage, likewise protecting them against environmental stresses. Here, the physiological responses to oxidative stress of two distinct Trebouxia phycobionts (provisionally named TR1 and TR9) that coexist within the lichen Ramalina farinacea were analysed. METHODS Isolated phycobionts were exposed to oxidative stress through the reactive oxygen species propagator cumene hydroperoxide (CuHP). Photosynthetic pigments and proteins, photosynthesis (through modulated chlorophyll fluorescence), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR), and the stress-related protein HSP70 were analysed. KEY RESULTS Photosynthetic performance was severely impaired by CuHP in phycobionts, as indicated by decreases in the maximal PSII photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)), the quantum efficiency of PSII (Φ(PSII)) and the non-photochemical dissipation of energy (NPQ). However, the CuHP-dependent decay in photosynthesis was significantly more severe in TR1, which also showed a lower NPQ and a reduced ability to preserve chlorophyll a, carotenoids and D1 protein. Additionally, differences were observed in the capacities of the two phycobionts to modulate antioxidant activities and HPS70 levels when exposed to oxidative stress. In TR1, CuHP significantly diminished HSP70 and GR but did not change SOD activities. In contrast, in TR9 the levels of both antioxidant enzymes and those of HSP70 increased in response to CuHP. CONCLUSIONS The better physiological performance of TR9 under oxidative conditions may reflect its greater capacity to undertake key metabolic adjustments, including increased non-photochemical quenching, higher antioxidant protection and the induction of repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia del Hoyo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M. del Campo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gasulla
- Universitat de València, Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. C. Biológicas, C/ Dr. Moliner 50. 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Barreno
- Universitat de València, Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. C. Biológicas, C/ Dr. Moliner 50. 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonardo M. Casano
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Casano LM, del Campo EM, García-Breijo FJ, Reig-Armiñana J, Gasulla F, del Hoyo A, Guéra A, Barreno E. Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus Competition? Environ Microbiol 2010; 13:806-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guidi L, Degl'Innocenti E, Giordano C, Biricolti S, Tattini M. Ozone tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris depends on more than one mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:3164-3171. [PMID: 20656389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two bean cultivars with different sensitivity to ozone, i.e. the O3-sensitive Cannellino and the O3-tolerant Top Crop, were exposed to acute O3-stress (165 nL L(-1)) with the aim of evaluating physiological and biochemical traits that may confer O3-tolerance. Stomatal conductance was smaller and the ability to dissipate excess energy, via regulated and unregulated nonphotochemical quenching mechanisms was greater in Top Crop than in Cannellino. These morphological and physiological-traits allowed the O3-tolerant cultivar to compensate for the light-induced declines in PhiPSII, to preserve photosystem II from excitation-energy, and likely to prevent the generation of ROS to a superior degree than the O3-sensitive cultivar. Furthermore, the potential capacities to reducing the superoxide anion and H2O2 were significantly greater in Top Crop than in Cannellino. These findings are consistent with the early accumulation of H2O2, the almost complete disruption of cell structure, and irreversible damages to the photosynthetic apparatus observed in the O3-sensitive cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Guidi
- Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Zhang R, Wise RR, Struck KR, Sharkey TD. Moderate heat stress of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves causes chloroplast swelling and plastoglobule formation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 105:123-134. [PMID: 20563644 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is inhibited by heat stress. This inhibition is rapidly reversible when heat stress is moderate but irreversible at higher temperature. Absorbance changes can be used to detect a variety of biophysical parameters in intact leaves. We found that moderate heat stress caused a large reduction of the apparent absorbance of green light in light-adapted, intact Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Three mechanisms that can affect green light absorbance of leaves, namely, zeaxanthin accumulation (absorbance peak at 505 nm), the electrochromic shift (ECS) of carotenoid absorption spectra (peak at 518 nm), and light scattering (peak at 535 nm) were investigated. The change of green light absorbance caused by heat treatment was not caused by changes of zeaxanthin content nor by the ECS. The formation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), chloroplast movements, and chloroplast swelling and shrinkage can all affect light scattering inside leaves. The formation of NPQ under high temperature was not well correlated with the heat-induced absorbance change, and light microscopy revealed no appreciable changes of chloroplast location because of heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy results showed swollen chloroplasts and increased number of plastoglobules in heat-treated leaves, indicating that the structural changes of chloroplasts and thylakoids are significant results of moderate heat stress and may explain the reduced apparent absorbance of green light under moderately high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Velikova V, Salerno G, Frati F, Peri E, Conti E, Colazza S, Loreto F. Influence of Feeding and Oviposition by Phytophagous Pentatomids on Photosynthesis of Herbaceous Plants. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:629-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pádua M, Cavaco AM, Aubert S, Bligny R, Casimiro A. Effects of copper on the photosynthesis of intact chloroplasts: interaction with manganese. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 138:301-11. [PMID: 20051028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified, intact chloroplasts were prepared from pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) following an identical procedure, and were used to investigate the cupric cation inhibition on the photosynthetic activity. In both species, copper inhibition showed a similar inhibitor concentration that decreases the enzyme activity by 50% (IC(50) approximately 1.8 microM) and did not depend on the internal or external phosphate (Pi) concentration, indicating that copper did not interact with the Pi translocator. Fluorescence analysis suggested that the presence of copper did not facilitate photoinhibition, because there were no changes in maximal fluorescence (F(m)) nor in basal fluorescence (F(o)) of copper-treated samples. The electron transport through the photosystem II (PSII) was also not affected (operating efficiency of PSII-F'v/F'm similar in all conditions). Yet, under Cu(2+) stress, the proportion of open PSII reaction centers was dramatically decreased, and the first quinone acceptor (Q(A)) reoxidation was fully inhibited, as demonstrated by the constant photochemical quenching (q(P)) along experiment time. The quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Phi(PSII)) was also clearly affected by copper, and therefore reduced the photochemistry efficiency. Manganese, when added simultaneously with copper, delayed the inhibition, as measured by oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence, but neither reversed the copper effect when added to copper-inhibited plastids, nor prevented the inhibition of the Hill activity of isolated copper-treated thylakoids. Our results suggest that manganese competed with copper to penetrate the chloroplast envelope. This competition seems to be specific because other divalent cations e.g. magnesium and calcium, did not interfere with the copper action in intact chloroplasts. All results do suggest that, under these conditions, the stroma proteins, such as the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes or others are the most probable first target for the Cu(2+) action, resulting in the total inhibition of chloroplast photosynthesis and in the consequent unbalanced rate of production and consumption of the reducing power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Pádua
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lt 4.69.01 Parque das Nações 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Pietrini F, Zacchini M, Iori V, Pietrosanti L, Ferretti M, Massacci A. Spatial distribution of cadmium in leaves and its impact on photosynthesis: examples of different strategies in willow and poplar clones. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:355-363. [PMID: 20398241 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of cadmium (Cd) with photosynthesis was investigated in poplar (Populus x canadensis Mönch., clone A4A, Populus nigra L., clone Poli) and willow (Salix alba L., clone SS5) clones that had different leaf metal concentrations in preliminary experiments. Plants grown in the presence of 50 microm CdSO(4) for 3 weeks under hydroponic conditions were used to examine leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and images, and for Cd detection using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF). Leaves were finally analysed for Cd and phytochelatin concentrations. Results showed that SS5 had the highest leaf Cd concentration and high gas exchange activity similar to that of Poli, which had the lowest Cd concentration. Leaf fluorescence images evidenced in large undamaged areas of SS5 corresponded to high values of F(v)/F(m), F(o), PhiPSII, qP and NPQ, while patches of dark colour (visible necrosis) close to the main vein corresponded to low values of these parameters. In A4A, these necrotic patches were more diffuse on the leaf blade and associated with a range of fluorescence parameter values. ED-XRF analysis indicated that Cd was only detectable in necroses of SS5 leaves, while in A4A it was relatively more diffuse. Phytochelatins (PCs) were not detected in SS5, while their concentration was high in both Poli and A4A. The absence of these molecules in SS5 is thought to favour confinement of high accumulations of Cd to necrotic areas and gives SS5 the ability to maintain high photosynthesis and transpiration in remaining parts of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pietrini
- Institute of Agro-Environment and Forest Biology of the National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
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Greer DH, Thorpe MR. Leaf photosynthetic and solar-tracking responses of mallow, Malva parviflora, to photon flux density. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:946-953. [PMID: 19576789 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Malva parviflora L. (mallow) is a species that occupies high-light habitats as a weedy invader in orchards and vineyards. Species of the Malvaceae are known to solar track and anecdotal evidence suggests this species may also. How M. parviflora responds physiologically to light in comparison with other species within the Malvaceae remains unknown. Tracking and photosynthetic responses to photon flux density (PFD) were evaluated on plants grown in greenhouse conditions. Tracking ability was assessed in the growth conditions and by exposing leaves to specific light intensities and measuring changes in the angle of the leaf plane. Light responses were also determined by photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Leaves followed a heliotropic response which was highly PFD-dependent, with tracking rates increasing in a curvilinear pattern. Maximum tracking rates were up to 20 degrees h(-1) and saturated for light above 1,300 micromol (photons) m(-2) s(-1). This high-light saturation, both for tracking (much higher than the other species), and for photosynthesis, confirmed mallow as a high-light demanding species. Further, because there was no photoinhibition, the leaves could capture the potential of an increased carbon gain in higher irradiance by resorting to solar tracking. Modelling suggested the tracking response could increase the annual carbon gain by as much as 25% compared with leaves that do not track the sun. The various leaf attributes associated with solar tracking, therefore, help to account for the success of this species as a weed in many locations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- School of Agriculture and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
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Rapacz M, Wolanin B, Hura K, Tyrka M. The effects of cold acclimation on photosynthetic apparatus and the expression of COR14b in four genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) contrasting in their tolerance to freezing and high-light treatment in cold conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2008; 101:689-99. [PMID: 18245808 PMCID: PMC2710187 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cold acclimation modifies the balance of the energy absorbed and metabolized in the dark processes of photosynthesis, which may affect the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes. At the same time, a gradual acclimation to the relatively high light conditions is observed, thereby minimizing the potential for photo-oxidative damage. As a result, the resistance to photoinhibition in the cold has often been identified as a trait closely related to freezing tolerance. Using four barley genotypes that differentially express both traits, the effect of cold acclimation on freezing tolerance and high-light tolerance was studied together with the expression of COR14b, one of the best-characterized barley COR genes. METHODS Plants were cold acclimated for 2 weeks at 2 degrees C. Freezing tolerance was studied by means of electrolyte leakage. Changes in photosynthetic apparatus and high-light tolerance were monitored by means of chlorophyll fluorescence. Accumulation of COR14b and some proteins important in photosynthetic acclimation to cold were studied with western analysis. COR14b transcript accumulation during cold acclimation was assessed with real-time PCR. KEY RESULTS Cold acclimation increased both freezing tolerance and high-light tolerance, especially when plants were treated with high light after non-lethal freezing. In all plants, cold acclimation triggered the increase in photosynthetic capacity during high-light treatment. In two plants that were characterized by higher high-light tolerance but lower freezing tolerance, higher accumulation of COR14b transcript and protein was observed after 7 d and 14 d of cold acclimation, while a higher transient induction of COR14b expression was observed in freezing-tolerant plants during the first day of cold acclimation. High-light tolerant plants were also characterized with a higher level of PsbS accumulation and more efficient dissipation of excess light energy. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of COR14b in barley seems to be important for resistance to combined freezing and high-light tolerance, but not for freezing tolerance per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rapacz
- Agricultural University in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, Podłuzna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
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Energy Dissipation and Photoinhibition: A Continuum of Photoprotection. PHOTOPROTECTION, PHOTOINHIBITION, GENE REGULATION, AND ENVIRONMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3579-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yadegari LZ, . RH, . JC. The Influence of Cold Acclimation on Proline, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Protein and Pigments Contents in Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2007.1436.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Logan BA, Adams WW, Demmig-Adams B. Viewpoint: Avoiding common pitfalls of chlorophyll fluorescence analysis under field conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2007; 34:853-859. [PMID: 32689413 DOI: 10.1071/fp07113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The determination of chlorophyll fluorescence emission is a powerful tool for assessing the status of PSII and the allocation of absorbed light to photosynthesis v. photoprotective energy dissipation. The development of field-portable fluorometers has enabled growing numbers of scientists to measure fluorescence emission from plants in diverse field settings. However, the ease of operation of contemporary fluorometers masks the many challenges associated with collecting meaningful and interpretable fluorescence signals from leaves exposed to relevant environmental conditions. Here, we offer methodological advice aimed at, but not limited to, the non-specialist for the proper measurement of fluorescence parameters, with an emphasis on avoiding common errors in the use of fluorescence under field conditions. Chief among our suggestions is (1) to delay use of automatically calculated fluorescence parameters, presented by the instrument software, until raw data 'traces' have been carefully inspected to ensure the integrity of findings, and (2) to combine chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, as a rapid, preliminary method of assessing plant responses to stress, with additional methods of characterising the system of interest (e.g. gas exchange, foliar pigment composition, thylakoid protein composition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Logan
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - William W Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
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Reddy KR, Kakanl VG, Zhao D, Kotl S, Gao W. Interactive Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation and Temperature on Cotton Physiology, Growth, Development and Hyperspectral Reflectance¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gilmore AM, Yamamoto HY. Time-resolution of the Antheraxanthin- and ΔpH-dependent Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Components Associated with Photosystem II Energy Dissipation in Mantoniella squamata¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740291trotaa2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calatayud A, Roca D, Martínez PF. Spatial-temporal variations in rose leaves under water stress conditions studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:564-73. [PMID: 17064922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatial-temporal changes were examined by imaging chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence in four leaf areas, two central and two external of rose plants (Rosa x hybrida) cv. Grand Gala for 9 days, under progressive water stress. New fluorescence parameters based on the lake model have recently been used to determine Q(A) redox state and excitation energy fluxes in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that occur under drought stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence images showed a spatial variation in the leaves. The lower values for F(o), F(M), phi(2), q(P) and q(L) were found in the internal leaf area while higher values of non-photochemical quenching calculated from Stern-Volmer quenching (NPQ) and phi(NPQ). phi(Po) were more homogeneous throughout leaf. Temporal changes were also observed during the experiment, a 10% decrease in relative water content (RWC) (between day 1 and 2), led to a decrease in photochemical quenching and an increase in non-photochemical processes. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more or less constant till day 8. At the end of the experiment (day 9), energy dissipation by downregulation, electron transport and Q(A) redox state, decreased and phi(NO) increased to compensate the change. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters based on the lake model q(L), phi(NPQ) and phi(NO) have been found more appropriate for estimating the fraction of open centres, the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in photosystem II (PSII) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII, respectively. The F(s)/F(o) ratio is strongly correlated with NPQ and phi(NPQ) up to a RWC of 20%. This coincides with a greater decrease in photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching and an increase in phi(NO).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calatayud
- Department of Horticulture, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias I.V.I.A., Ctra. Moncada-Naquera km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Venema JH, Linger P, van Heusden AW, van Hasselt PR, Brüggemann W. The inheritance of chilling tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2005; 7:118-130. [PMID: 15822007 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-837495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During the past 25 years, chilling tolerance of the cultivated (chilling-sensitive) tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and its wild, chilling-tolerant relatives L. peruvianum and L. hirsutum (and, less intensively studied, L. chilense) has been the object of several investigations. The final aim of these studies can be seen in the increase in chilling tolerance of the cultivated genotypes. In this review, we will focus on low-temperature effects on photosynthesis and the inheritance of these traits to the offspring of various breeding attempts. While crossing L. peruvianum (male symbol) to L. esculentum (female symbol) so far has brought the most detailed insight with respect to physiological questions, for practical purposes, e.g., the readily cross ability, crossing programmes with L. hirsutum as pollen donor at present seem to be a promising way to achieve higher chilling-tolerant genotypes of the cultivated tomato. This perspective is due to the progress that has been made with respect to the genetic basis of chilling tolerance of Lycopersicon spp. over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Venema
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
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