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Rojas-Hucks S, Rodriguez-Jorquera IA, Nimpstch J, Bahamonde P, Benavides JA, Chiang G, Pulgar J, Galbán-Malagón CJ. South American National Contributions to Knowledge of the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Wild Animals: Current and Future Directions. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120735. [PMID: 36548568 PMCID: PMC9781241 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human pressure due to industrial and agricultural development has resulted in a biodiversity crisis. Environmental pollution is one of its drivers, including contamination of wildlife by chemicals emitted into the air, soil, and water. Chemicals released into the environment, even at low concentrations, may pose a negative effect on organisms. These chemicals might modify the synthesis, metabolism, and mode of action of hormones. This can lead to failures in reproduction, growth, and development of organisms potentially impacting their fitness. In this review, we focused on assessing the current knowledge on concentrations and possible effects of endocrine disruptor chemicals (metals, persistent organic pollutants, and others) in studies performed in South America, with findings at reproductive and thyroid levels. Our literature search revealed that most studies have focused on measuring the concentrations of compounds that act as endocrine disruptors in animals at the systemic level. However, few studies have evaluated the effects at a reproductive level, while information at thyroid disorders is scarce. Most studies have been conducted in fish by researchers from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. Comparison of results across studies is difficult due to the lack of standardization of units in the reported data. Future studies should prioritize research on emergent contaminants, evaluate effects on native species and the use of current available methods such as the OMICs. Additionally, there is a primary focus on organisms related to aquatic environments, and those inhabiting terrestrial environments are scarce or nonexistent. Finally, we highlight a lack of funding at a national level in the reviewed topic that may influence the observed low scientific productivity in several countries, which is often negatively associated with their percentage of protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Rojas-Hucks
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Nimpstch
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Paulina Bahamonde
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados—HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370134, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370134, Chile
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370134, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370134, Chile
| | - Cristóbal J. Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580000, Chile
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Uc-Peraza RG, Delgado-Blas VH, Rendón-von Osten J, Castro ÍB, Proietti MC, Fillmann G. Mexican paradise under threat: The impact of antifouling biocides along the Yucatán Peninsula. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128162. [PMID: 34999408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Levels of booster biocides (Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid and DCOIT), organotins (TBT, DBT, MBT, TPhT, DPhT and MPhT) and antifouling paint particles (APPs) were assessed in sediments of sites under the influence of maritime activities along the coastal zone of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Imposex incidence and organotin levels were also evaluated in seven caenogastropod species. The incidence of imposex was detected in five species from sites nearby fishing harbors and marinas, including the first reports to Gemophos tinctus and Melongena bispinosa. Butyltins levels were higher than phenyltins in gastropod tissues, sediments, and APPs. Regarding booster biocides, chlorothalonil was the most frequently detected compound and DCOIT was the most abundant biocide in sediments. DCOIT levels were registered in APPs from fishing harbors and marina areas. In addition, the highest levels of TBT, Irgarol, diuron and DCOIT exceeded the threshold limits set by international sediment quality guidelines, indicating that toxic effects could be expected in some of the studied areas, thus being a potential threat to marine life. Based on such outputs, Mexico urgently needs to adopt restrictive actions aiming at conserving the rich biological heritage of the Yucatán Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Giovanni Uc-Peraza
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Delgado-Blas
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo (DCI-UQROO), 77010 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-von Osten
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (EPOMEX-UAC), Campus VI de Investigaciones, 24030 San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra Carneiro Proietti
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Butyltin Contamination in Fishing Port Sediments after the Ban of Tributyltin Antifouling Paint: A Case of Qianzhen Fishing Port in Taiwan. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) in the sediments of the Qianzhen Fishing Port (Taiwan) in 2020. Further, the pollution status, composition, and potential ecotoxicity of BTs were evaluated. This case study provides a reference for the benefits of the ban of TBT-based antifouling paint to date. Results showed that the total butyltin (ΣBTs, sum of TBT, DBT, and MBT) concentrations measured in the sediments of the Qianzhen Fishing Port ranged between 14.2–807 ngSn·g−1 dw, with an average of 356 ± 305 ngSn·g−1 dw. TBT was the most dominant species, with an average concentration of 303 ± 287 ngSn·g−1 dw. This average TBT concentration is about 4.3 times lower than in 2003, showing the progress of gradual degradation of TBT in the sediments. Still, the degradation is rather slow, with a half-life of about 8.09 years. An analysis of the effects of TBT on organisms in the sediments of the Qianzhen Fishing Port was carried out according to the TBT toxicity guidelines of the US Environmental Protection Agency and the assessment class criterion for imposex (ACCI) of the Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR). The results showed that TBT levels in 80% of the sediments may pose negative effects on sensitive gastropods, and half of the sediments may even have an impact on gastropod reproduction. These show that marine life is still affected and threatened by TBT compounds, despite the decline of TBT concentrations since the ban of TBT-containing antifouling paints on ships in 2008. Therefore, it is necessary to continue paying attention to the changes of TBT concentrations and their potential ecological risks in the marine environment, and to formulate TBT management plans and strategies to mitigate their impacts in marine ecosystems.
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Abreu FEL, Batista RM, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. Legacy and emerging antifouling biocide residues in a tropical estuarine system (Espirito Santo state, SE, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112255. [PMID: 33744804 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination by antifouling biocide residues (booster biocides - diuron, Irgarol, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid and DCOIT; butyltin compounds-BTs (TBT, DBT and MBT); and antifouling paint particles-APPs) was appraised in sediments of Vitoria Estuarine System (VES). Even at its historical lower (ΣBTs ≤113 ng Sn g-1 dry wt), the current environmental levels of BTs in areas with a predominance of boatyards still pose a risk to the local biota and human population. DCOIT, among booster biocides, was the most frequently detected, especially in boatyards (≤40 ng g-1 dry wt) and Vitoria Port (64 ng g-1 dry wt), while APPs were also detected mainly in sediments of boatyards (≤5,969 μg g-1 dry wt). Since levels of diuron and DCOIT in APPs were as high as 1,670,000 and 899,000 ng g-1 dry wt, respectively, they are acting as secondary sources of these antifouling biocides. Therefore, VES is threatened by antifouling biocide residues due to the multiple diffuse sources of contamination, showing the need for more efforts on public policies (including temporal trend monitoring studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Eugenia Lemos Abreu
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Ribeiro-Brasil DRG, Castro ÍB, Petracco M, Batista RM, Brasil LS, Ferreira JA, da Costa Borba TA, Rollnic M, Fillmann G, Amado LL. Spatial distribution of butyltins and imposex in eastern Brazilian Amazon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112155. [PMID: 33610107 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distribution of Butyltins (BTs) in surface sediments and gastropod tissues were quantified, with samples taken from an estuarine system of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The imposex incidence was also assessed using Thaisella coronata (Gastropoda, Mollusca). The sediment sampling was carried out at 19 sites and T. coronata in 6 of those. The highest BTs levels were detected in sediments of a Marine Extractive Reserve (27.1 ng Sn g-1) and in an urban area (19.8 ng Sn g-1). In T. coronata tissues, BTs levels ranged from <5 to 142 ng Sn g-1. Imposex incidence ranged from 0% to 100% and VDSII (penile papillae) was registered in gastropods from 5 out of 6 sampled sites. The results suggest that BTs concentrations are related to sampled area use, but also to the local hydrodynamics, highlighting the importance of an effective control in the use of TBT-based antifouling paints in the Eastern Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos - UNIFESP, SP 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Petracco
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Schlemmer Brasil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Johnata Azevedo Ferreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Thaís Angélica da Costa Borba
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rollnic
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, PA 66075-110, Brazil.
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Moreira LB, Braga Castro Í, Fillmann G, Peres TF, Cavalcante Belmino IK, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Marins RV, Drude de Lacerda L, Costa-Lotufo LV, de Souza Abessa DM. Dredging impacts on the toxicity and development of sediment quality values in a semi-arid region (Ceará state, NE Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110525. [PMID: 33259786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles and remobilization of contaminants that may trigger toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality in harbor areas of Mucuripe bay, a semi-arid ecosystem located in Ceará state (Brazil), which is subject to dredging activities. A sampling survey was conducted right after dredging operations and data compared to another survey performed prior dredging. Sediments were analyzed for fine particles, organic carbon, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and tributyltin (TBT). Toxicity of whole-sediment and liquid phase exposures were also determined. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn decreased after dredging, which was confirmed by the geoaccumulation index. Levels of TBT dropped while phosphorus, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. Toxic effects persisted, indicating a post-dredging recontamination combined with other sources such as urban runoff, wastewater discharges, harbor activities, and antifouling particles. Data from Mucuripe and Pecém harbors were compiled and site-specific sediment quality values (SQVs) were developed by using multivariate methods. The threshold values proposed by our study were lower and more effective to predict toxicity compared to international guidelines, indicating levels of contamination for this tropical region in which toxic effects may occur. Considering the large geographic area with different sediment characteristics of the Brazilian coast, this study represents a significant contribution to sediment toxicity assessment of dredging activities in semi-arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos Em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Tarou Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rozane Valente Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Drude de Lacerda
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Castro ÍB, Machado FB, de Sousa GT, Paz-Villarraga C, Fillmann G. How protected are marine protected areas: A case study of tributyltin in Latin America. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111543. [PMID: 33157467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are dedicated and managed to achieve long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. However, few studies have assessed contamination/pollution, one of the top five biodiversity threats, within these areas. In fact, more than 100,000 molecules used in consumer goods are potentially affecting over 250,000 protected areas distributed worldwide. As a result, chemical appraisal within PAs require specific approaches to be feasible. Herein, an approach for assessment of contamination in marine protected areas (MPAs) spread over large continental and/or global areas was proposed and tested using, as a case study, the impact of tributyltin (TBT) within Latin America. This approach included area delimitation, bibliographic survey, construction of attribute tables, data insertion in a Geographic Information System, overlapping with worldwide shapefiles of PAs, identification of affected PAs and evaluation of impacts using the outcomes against specific environmental quality guidelines/directives. A total of 259 records of TBT occurrence and/or its biological effect within 53 marine protected areas (including biosphere reserves, Ramsar sites and National parks) were gathered. Among affected species, were recorded 18 gastropods exhibiting imposex. In addition, 6 bivalves, 1 crustacean, and 3 fish species presenting TBT residues in tissues were seen in MPAs from Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Chile and Venezuela. Since levels of TBT recorded in several studied MPAs were enough do induce deleterious biological responses over marine biota, it was clear that conservancy goals of some "protected" areas are under threat. Considering that only TBT exposure was appraised, and these areas are likely to be concomitantly exposed to other classes of contaminants, the actual scenario can be even more frightening. Although initially applied as a TBT case study, the present approach enables an overview for other chemicals within protected areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Bender Machado
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tavares de Sousa
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - César Paz-Villarraga
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Inst. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Inst. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Abreu FEL, Lima da Silva JN, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. Are antifouling residues a matter of concern in the largest South American port? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122937. [PMID: 32768825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, levels of booster biocides (diuron, Irgarol, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid and DCOIT), butyltin compounds (TBT, DBT and MBT) and antifouling paint particles (APPs) were assessed in sediments of areas under the influence of the largest Latin American port, marinas, boat traffic and ship/boat maintenance facilities located within Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSES). Contamination profile was directly related to local maritime activities, where sediments from the main navigation channel (MNC) presented low levels of antifouling residues while adjacent areas (AA), characterized by the presence of boats and boatyards, showed higher contamination considering all analyzed residues. Moreover, areas under the influence of fishing boats/yards presented relevant levels of butyltins (ΣBTs > 300 ng g-1) and APPs (>100 μg g-1), while marinas dominated by recreational boats showed higher booster biocides occurrence. Sites located nearby shipyards in the MNC and boatyards in the AA presented expressive amounts of APPs (>200 μg g-1). These APPs represent an important long-term source of biocides to the SSES. Thus, the profile of maritime activities in association to local oceanographic conditions drive the spatial distribution of antifouling residues within SESS, which in some case presented levels above sediment guidelines for TBT, DCOIT and diuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma E L Abreu
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Natália Lima da Silva
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 11030-400, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Dorneles PR, Schilithz PF, Paiva TDC, Flach L, Barbosa LA, Domit C, Cremer MJ, Azevedo-Silva CE, Azevedo AF, Malm O, Lepoint G, Bisi TL, Das K, Lailson-Brito J. Total tin (TSn) biomagnification: Evaluating organotin trophic flow and dispersion using hepatic TSn concentrations and stable isotope (C, N) data of nektonic organisms from Brazil. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105063. [PMID: 32738555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A previous investigation of our research team has demonstrated the suitability of using hepatic total tin (ΣSn) concentrations for evaluating dolphin exposure to organotins (OTs). The present study develops the previous technique into three different approaches that comprise data: (1) on hepatic ΣSn concentrations of 121 Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from five different coastal areas (CAs): (2) on ΣSn, δ13C and δ15N for 40 dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), including ten different delphinid species; as well as (3) on hepatic ΣSn concentrations and δ15N values on 31 individuals from five different fish species from Sepetiba Bay (SB, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil). Hepatic ΣSn concentrations of Guiana dolphins from Guanabara Bay (GB, RJ) were significantly higher than those found in other four CAs from S and SE Brazilian regions. Significant positive correlations were found between ΣSn concentrations and δ13C data in delphinid species, demonstrating a coast-ocean gradient in dolphin exposure to OTs in RJ state. Significant and positive correlations were observed between ΣSn concentrations and both δ15N and Trophic Position (TP) values of fish, as well as high values were found for Trophic Magnification Factor (TMF = 3.03) and Trophic Magnification Slope (TMS = 0.14), demonstrating OT biomagnification in SB ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Dorneles
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
| | - Priscila F Schilithz
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Thais de C Paiva
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Leonardo Flach
- Boto-cinza Institute, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Camila Domit
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Centre of Marine Studies (CEM), Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana (PR), Brazil
| | - Marta J Cremer
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Coastal and Marine Tetrapods, University of Joinville Region (UNIVILLE), São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Claudio E Azevedo-Silva
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of Oceanology, FOCUS Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tatiana L Bisi
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, FOCUS Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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10
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Podratz PL, Merlo E, de Araújo JFP, Ayub JGM, Pereira AFZ, Freitas-Lima LC, da Costa MB, Miranda-Alves L, Cassa SGS, Carneiro MTWD, Fillmann G, Graceli JB. Disruption of fertility, placenta, pregnancy outcome, and multigenerational inheritance of hepatic steatosis by organotin exposure from contaminated seafood in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138000. [PMID: 32213410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for development of complications later in life and in subsequent generations. We previously demonstrated that exposure to the EDC organotin (OT), which is present in contaminated seafood, resulted in reproductive abnormalities in female rats. However, few studies have explored the effect of OT accumulation in seafood on pregnancy outcomes. This led us to consider the potential effects of the OT present in seafood on fertility, pregnancy, the placenta, and the offspring. In this investigation, we assessed whether exposure to the OT in contaminated seafood resulted in abnormal fertility and pregnancy features and offspring complications. OT in contaminated seafood (LNI) was administered to female rats, and their fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal liver morphology were assessed. LNI caused abnormal fertility, a reduction in the total number of pups, and an increase in serum testosterone levels compared to controls. Furthermore, LNI exposure caused irregular uterine morphology with inflammation and fibrosis and led to a reduction in embryonic implantation. In pregnant rats, LNI caused abnormal lipid profiles and livers with steatosis features. LNI exposure also causes placental morpho-physiology disruption, a high presence of glycogen and inflammatory cells, and irregular lipid profiles. In addition, LNI exposure caused an increase in large amounts of carbohydrate and lipid delivery to the fetus via an increase in placental nutrient sensor protein expressions (GLUT1, IRβ/mTOR and Akt). In both genders of offspring, LNI exposure led to an increase in body weights, liver megakaryocytes, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress (OS) levels. Collectively, these data suggest that OT exposure from contaminated seafood in female rats leads to reduced fertility, uterine implantation failure, pregnancy and placental metabolic outcome irregularities, offspring adiposity, liver steatosis, and an increase in OS. Furthermore, some of the effects of OT may be the result of obesogenic and multigenerational effects of OT in adult female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Podratz
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Julia F P de Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Julia G M Ayub
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Z Pereira
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Freitas-Lima
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mércia B da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonara G S Cassa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
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11
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Formalewicz MM, Rampazzo F, Noventa S, Gion C, Petranich E, Crosera M, Covelli S, Faganeli J, Berto D. Organotin compounds in touristic marinas of the northern Adriatic Sea: occurrence, speciation and potential recycling at the sediment-water interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31142-31157. [PMID: 31463746 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Butyltin compound (BTC) contamination was evaluated in two north Adriatic marinas, San Rocco (Italy) and Lucija (Slovenia). BTC sedimentary concentrations (121 ± 46 and 352 ± 30 ng Sn g-1 in San Rocco and Lucija, respectively) evidenced the past use of antifouling paints, confirmed by the reduced tributyltin content (~ 46%) with respect to the sum of BTC. Elemental and organic carbon isotopic (δ13C) analyses of bulk sediments and its lipid and humic substances were performed in order to evaluate their role in BTC partitioning and preservation. The δ13C of sedimentary bulk and refractory organic matter suggested that diagenetic processes could play a role in the preservation or release of pollutants. No contamination was found in water collected from the benthic chamber and thus, fluxes at the sediment-water interface were not assessed, except for MBT efflux at Lucija (28.9 ng Sn m-2 day-1). Nevertheless, BTC concentrations in porewaters (up to 75 ng Sn l-1) and rather low sediment-porewater partitioning coefficients (Kd) with respect to the data reported in the literature would suggest a potential risk of the reintroduction of BTC into the water column at both sites: at Lucija, sedimentary contamination is high despite the greater Log Kd, whilst at San Rocco, the low BTC concentration is associated with a reduced sediment affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata M Formalewicz
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015, Chioggia, Italy
| | - Federico Rampazzo
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015, Chioggia, Italy
| | - Seta Noventa
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015, Chioggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Gion
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015, Chioggia, Italy
| | - Elisa Petranich
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Covelli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jadran Faganeli
- Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Daniela Berto
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015, Chioggia, Italy.
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12
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Chen C, Chen L, Li F, Huang Q, Wu L, Zhang W. Urgent caution to trace organometal pollution: Occurrence, distribution and sources of methyltins, butyltins and phenyltins in sediments from South Hangzhou Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:571-577. [PMID: 30597389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of seven organotin compounds (OTCs) were determined seasonally in 22 sediment samples (brackish, freshwater and shrimp pond sediments) in South Hangzhou Bay, China. For the brackish and freshwater sediments, methyltins of up to 43.0 ng Sn g-1 dw showed no significant variation with seasons or locations (p > 0.05). However, butyltin levels in summer (44.0 ± 30.2 ng Sn g-1 dw) were about two folds higher than those in spring (20.4 ± 18.7 ng Sn g-1 dw) and four folds higher than in autumn or winter (both≈10 ng Sn g-1 dw), which is mainly attributed to the heavy contamination near the shipyard, mariculture and textile plants in summer. Phenyltins in spring reached the peak level of 28.4 ng Sn g-1 dw, about three times of other seasons. Meanwhile, there was a significant variation of phenyltins in summer with high-value sites also in the vicinity of mariculture. Thus, excepting the contribution of agricultural activities to phenyltins, mariculture is likely to be a potential source of butyltins and phenyltins into the marine environment (particularly in summer). This hypothesis has been partly validated by determining adjacent shrimp pond sediments, which showed ubiquitous contamination of butyltins and phenyltins in summer and spring (14.2-44.2 ng Sn g-1 dw and 2.2-16.9 ng Sn g-1 dw), but only one sample had the detectable methyltin levels with 8.8 ng Sn g-1 dw of momomethyl-tin. On the other hand, seven OTCs showed a stronger affinity to brackish sediments than the adjacent freshwater sediments, probably owing to the differences of physicochemical parameters and microbial activities in sediments. Overall, OTC contaminants have become more diversified and complicated in coastal zones, suggesting that future studies should pay attention to other OTC species like phenyltins and methyltins, not only the butyltins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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13
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Wang X, Kong L, Cheng J, Zhao D, Chen H, Sun R, Yang W, Han J. Distribution of butyltins at dredged material dumping sites around the coast of China and the potential ecological risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:491-500. [PMID: 30660299 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found butyltin pollution at dumping sites, which are the final fate of dredged material mostly originating from harbors and navigation systems. The distribution and impacts of butyltins were assessed in sediments at 12 dumping sites of China. Total butyltins (monobutyltin, dibutyltin, and tributyltin) concentrations ranged from 1.76 to 486.62 ng Sn g-1 dw. This study also presents evidence of considerable historic inputs of tributyltin (TBT) to Dumping sites 01, 05, 06, 08, 09 and 11, with evidence of heavier recent TBT input at Dumping site 04 and 10. The butyltin contamination at dumping sites was comparatively light and historic compared to research in other countries, but was more serious than other sea regions. TBT levels at Dumping site 09 probably have negative effects on biological systems. Overall, more attention should be paid to the level and impacts of butyltins in the sediment at dumping sites in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Runjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianbo Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China.
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14
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Castro ÍB, Iannacone J, Santos S, Fillmann G. TBT is still a matter of concern in Peru. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:253-259. [PMID: 29702344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) environmental concentrations as well as imposex levels have been declining in several coastal areas worldwide. However, recent studies have shown that TBT contamination is still an important issue along some Latin American coastal areas. Thus, the incidence of imposex and butyltin compounds (BTs) in sediments and gastropod tissues was spatially and temporally (2009 and 2012) appraised in Lima (Peru) along potential TBT sources (harbors and marinas). Despite the general pattern of reduction close to Callao harbor, a clear increment in the levels of imposex (RPLI = 0.0 to 8.4 and 0.0 to 28.4/VDSI = 0.0 to 3.3 and 0.0 to 3.5) and TBT in tissues (25 to 112 and 62 to 146 ng Sn g-1) of Thaisella chocolata were seen from 2009 to 2012 in two sampling sites, respectively, located nearby a newly established marina. Thus, despite the international restrictions on the use of TBT-based antifouling paints are apparently reducing the inputs at international harbors, the present study clearly shows that marinas are still acting as important sources of TBT to the study area due possibly to the lack of legal restrictions on production, trading and/or use of TBT. The present findings reinforce what has been seen along many other Latin American coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - José Iannacone
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad animal Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Jr. Carlos Gonzáles 285 Jr. Rio de Chepén s/n Urb. Bravo Chico. El Agustino, Peru
| | - Sabino Santos
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad animal Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Jr. Carlos Gonzáles 285 Jr. Rio de Chepén s/n Urb. Bravo Chico. El Agustino, Peru
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Italia, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Bayas-Rea RDLÁ, Félix F, Montufar R. Genetic divergence and fine scale population structure of the common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus, Montagu) found in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4589. [PMID: 29707430 PMCID: PMC5916226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is widely distributed along the western coast of South America. In Ecuador, a resident population of bottlenose dolphins inhabits the inner estuarine area of the Gulf of Guayaquil located in the southwestern part of the country and is under threat from different human activities in the area. Only one genetic study on South American common bottlenose dolphins has been carried out to date, and understanding genetic variation of wildlife populations, especially species that are identified as threatened, is crucial for defining conservation units and developing appropriate conservation strategies. In order to evaluate the evolutionary link of this population, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, phylogeographic patterns, and population structure using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The sampling comprised: (i) 31 skin samples collected from free-ranging dolphins at three locations in the Gulf of Guayaquil inner estuary, (ii) 38 samples from stranded dolphins available at the collection of the “Museo de Ballenas de Salinas,” (iii) 549 mtDNA control region (mtDNA CR) sequences from GenBank, and (iv) 66 concatenated sequences from 7-mtDNA regions (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit I–II, cytochrome oxidase I and II, cytochrome b, and CR) obtained from mitogenomes available in GenBank. Our analyses indicated population structure between both inner and outer estuary dolphin populations as well as with distinct populations of T. truncatus using mtDNA CR. Moreover, the inner estuary bottlenose dolphin (estuarine bottlenose dolphin) population exhibited lower levels of genetic diversity than the outer estuary dolphin population according to the mtDNA CR. Finally, the estuarine bottlenose dolphin population was genetically distinct from other T. truncatus populations based on mtDNA CR and 7-mtDNA regions. From these results, we suggest that the estuarine bottlenose dolphin population should be considered a distinct lineage. This dolphin population faces a variety of anthropogenic threats in this area; thus, we highlight its fragility and urge authorities to issue prompt management and conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Félix
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Museo de Ballenas, Salinas, Ecuador
| | - Rommel Montufar
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Batista-Andrade JA, Caldas SS, Batista RM, Castro IB, Fillmann G, Primel EG. From TBT to booster biocides: Levels and impacts of antifouling along coastal areas of Panama. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:243-252. [PMID: 29179127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling biocides in surface sediments and gastropod tissues were assessed for the first time along coastal areas of Panama under the influence of maritime activities, including one of the world's busiest shipping zones: the Panama Canal. Imposex incidence was also evaluated in five muricid species distributed along six coastal areas of Panama. This TBT-related biological alteration was detected in three species, including the first report in Purpura panama. Levels of organotins (TBT, DBT, and MBT) in gastropod tissues and surficial sediments ranged from <5 to 104 ng Sn g-1 and <1-149 ng Sn g-1, respectively. In addition, fresh TBT inputs were observed in areas considered as moderate to highly contaminated mainly by inputs from fishing and leisure boats. Regarding booster biocides, TCMTB and dichlofluanid were not detected in any sample, while irgarol 1051, diuron and DCOIT levels ranged from <0.08 to 2.8 ng g-1, <0.75-14.1 ng g-1, and <0.38-81.6 ng g-1, respectively. The highest level of TBT (149 ng Sn g-1) and irgarol 1051 (2.8 ng g-1), as well as relevant level of DCOIT (5.7 ng g-1), were detected in a marina used by recreational boats. Additionally, relatively high diuron values (14.1 ng g-1) were also detected in the Panama Canal associate to a commercial port. DCOIT concentrations were associated with the presence of antifouling paint particles in sediments obtained nearby shipyard or boat maintenance sites. The highest levels of TBT, irgarol 1051, and diuron exceeded international sediment quality guidelines indicating that toxic effects could be expected in coastal areas of Panama. Thus, the simultaneous impacts produced by new and old generations of antifouling paints highlight a serious environmental issue in Panamanian coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir Antonio Batista-Andrade
- Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Italo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
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17
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Botwe BO, Nyarko E, Lens PNL. Settling fluxes and ecotoxicological risk assessment of fine sedimentary metals in Tema Harbour (Ghana). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:119-129. [PMID: 29421078 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sediment traps were deployed in the Tema Harbour to estimate the settling fluxes of silt-clay particles and associated metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg, Sn and As) and characterise their potential ecotoxicological risks. The mean daily settling fluxes of the silt-clay particles and associated metals ranged from 42.7 to 85.0gm-2d-1 and 1.3×10-2 to 49.4mgm-2d-1, respectively, and were characterised by large fluctuations at each station. The silt-clay and metal fluxes strongly correlated, indicating the important role of the silt-clay particles in metal transport and distribution in the harbour. Geochemical indices indicated anthropogenic influences on the harbour as the Pb, Cr, Zn, Hg, Sn and As content in the settling silt-clay particles exceeded their average crustal concentrations. Sediment quality guidelines indicated these metals pose appreciable ecotoxicological risks, particularly As. Increasing temporal trends in As necessitates increased pollution control efforts at the harbour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Botwe
- UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands; University of Ghana, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, PO Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Elvis Nyarko
- University of Ghana, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, PO Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
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Maciel DC, Castro ÍB, de Souza JRB, Yogui GT, Fillmann G, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Assessment of organotins and imposex in two estuaries of the northeastern Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:473-478. [PMID: 29421128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Butyltin compounds (BTs) were used worldwide, especially because of their properties as biocides. Due to its high toxicity, the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling paints has been prohibited in most countries. The occurrence and impact of BTs were assessed in surface sediments and in Stramonita rustica populations of two tropical estuaries that host major ports in northeastern Brazil. ΣBT concentrations ranged from <LOQ to 542ngSng-1 dry weight in sediments while imposex was not observed in S. rustica. This is in contrast to previous studies that reported high incidence of imposex at the same sites. Butyltin degradation index indicates recent input of TBT at levels that might trigger imposex in gastropod species more sensitive than S. rustica. These results emphasize the need of more rigorous controls by local authorities since Brazil has restricted the use of TBT-based antifouling paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Claudino Maciel
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000 Piranhas, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, Ponta da Praia, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Botelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Comunidades Marinhas (Lacmar), Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Sierra-Marquez L, Sierra-Marquez J, De la Rosa J, Olivero-Verbel J. Imposex in Stramonita haemastoma from coastal sites of Cartagena, Colombia. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:548-555. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Imposex is the development of male sexual characteristics caused by the toxic effects of some chemicals that acts as an endocrinal disruptor. Antifouling paints contain these chemicals. Cartagena lacks studies to indicate the extent of imposex in its coastal waters. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of imposex in the gastropod Stramonita haemastoma in Cartagena, Colombia. Specimens were collected during 2013 from locations of high and low influence of port activity. Morphometric measurements and the frequency of the occurrence of imposex were registered. The comparison among morphometric variables showed statistically significant differences between the two sites studied. Furthermore, the females of the S. haemastoma species presented an imposex frequency of 93.1% in Birds’ Island, Cartagena Bay, compared to 31.8% in La Bocana. The relative penis size index or RPLI (10.145 and 3.231) and vas deferens sequence index or VDSI (2.83 and 1.16), showed possible contamination by organotin compounds in both places.
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Mattos Y, Stotz WB, Romero MS, Bravo M, Fillmann G, Castro ÍB. Butyltin contamination in Northern Chilean coast: Is there a potential risk for consumers? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:209-217. [PMID: 28384577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Imposex is the superimposition of non-functional male sex organs in gastropod females. This syndrome is a hormonal imbalance induced by tributyltin (TBT) which have been used in antifouling paints formulation. The present study aimed to perform an integrated environmental assessment of imposex and butyltin (BT) contamination using surface sediments and tissues of Thaisella chocolata (an edible gastropod) from northern Chile. The results showed imposex incidence in 11 out of 12 sites. In the most contaminated sites, which are areas under the influence of maritime activities, and also used for fishing and aquaculture, RPLI were over 60 and VDSI over 4 (high incidence of sterile females). Exceptionally high contamination levels and evidences of fresh inputs of tributyltin (TBT) were detected along the studied area. TBT levels above 300 and 90ngSng-1, respectively, were recorded in sediments and edible gastropod tissues of 6 sites. Thus, a daily ingestion of 90 to 173g of T. chocolata foot (4 to 8 organisms) from the most contaminated sites will certainly lead to the consumption of BT exceeding the tolerable daily intake recommended by European Food Safety Authority. It is reasonable to consider that human risk is even higher if daily consumption of additional seafood is considered. Moreover, some contaminated sites were located within the marine reserve "Isla Grande Atacama", indicating that even marine protected areas are under the influence of TBT contamination. These findings suggest that current levels of TBT in the studied area are sufficient to induce harmful effects on the environment and constitutes a potential threat to seafood consumers. Thus, national regulatory actions toward environmental protection and food safety of local populations are still mandatory, even after 8years of the TBT global ban by IMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasna Mattos
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Wolfgang B Stotz
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - María Soledad Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Manuel Bravo
- Instituto de Química, Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ítalo B Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, Santos, SP 11030-400, Brazil.
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21
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Martínez ML, Piol MN, Sbarbati Nudelman N, Verrengia Guerrero NR. Tributyltin bioaccumulation and toxic effects in freshwater gastropods Pomacea canaliculata after a chronic exposure: field and laboratory studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:691-701. [PMID: 28409416 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater samples and gastropod mollusks (Pomacea canaliculata) were collected at 5 sampling stations located along the lower Río de la Plata basin, Argentina, to assess the extent of tributyltin (TBT) contamination. Determined data revealed the presence of TBT and some of its breakdown products (dibutyltin: DBT, and monobutyltin: MBT) in all freshwater samples and also in soft tissues of P. canaliculata gastropods. Chronic bioassays (6 months) were performed using female gastropods that had been reared under laboratory conditions and exposed to a similar TBT concentration than the value determined in freshwater samples (1 µg L-1). The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent of TBT accumulation, the tissue distribution, and the effects on selected biomarkers (activity of superoxide dismutasa: SOD, activity of catalase: CAT, levels of total glutathione: t-GSH, lipid peroxidation, and activity of acetylcholinesterase: AChE). Gonads presented the highest accumulation, followed by the cephalopedal region, albumin gland, and finally hepatopancreas. Both metabolites, DBT and MBT, were also found. All exposed female animals presented development of a penis reflecting the potential of TBT as an endocrine disrupting chemical for this gastropod species. Results on the selected biomarkers confirmed additional adverse effects induced by TBT. An increase in CAT activity and changes in t-GSH levels are indicative of alterations on the cellular redox status. The inhibition of AChE could reflect signs of neurotoxicity. Altogether, these results reveal a negative impact on the health of this gastropod population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 3° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Biológica, Toxicología y Química Legal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María N Piol
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Biológica, Toxicología y Química Legal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Sbarbati Nudelman
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 3° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noemí R Verrengia Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Biológica, Toxicología y Química Legal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kim T, Jeon S, Hong S, Song SJ, Kwon BO, Ryu J, Khim JS. Spatiotemporal distributions of butyltin compounds in various intertidal organisms along the Samcheok and Tongyeong coasts of Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:268-277. [PMID: 28081511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen years ago, the Korean Government introduced a regulation prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT), which was a component of antifouling paints. A subsequent decline in the concentration of butyltins (BTs) was recorded in seawater and the sediment, however, the current concentration of BTs in biota has not been well documented. The spatiotemporal distribution and concentration of BTs was recorded in biota from 2013 to 2015 along the coasts of Samcheok and Tongyeong using GS/MSD analysis. Crustaceans contained the greatest concentrations of BTs, followed by gastropods, fishes, and bivalves. We found that the concentration of BTs was greater at Tongyeong compared to Samcheok, because of the geographical characteristics of the area. We also confirmed that the regulation has been effective by showing that the TBT concentration decreased over the 3-year study period. The TBT levels of gastropods and bivalves fell within the limits of the guidelines and/or the effective concentration of the toxicological endpoint reported previously. The concentration of BTs also varied among species, being dependent on the weight of the soft tissue. Furthermore, the greater quantities of BTs degradation products compared to TBT confirmed the absence of recent inputs of pollutants during the study periods. However, compared with other Asian countries, biota BTs were greater in Korea, with noticeably greater concentrations along the south coast. Thus, further investigation of the distribution of BTs along the Korean coasts is required in the future. In conclusion, our results provide useful information about the recent trends of BTs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Jeon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Batista-Andrade JA, Caldas SS, de Oliveira Arias JL, Castro IB, Fillmann G, Primel EG. Antifouling booster biocides in coastal waters of Panama: First appraisal in one of the busiest shipping zones. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:415-419. [PMID: 27496683 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A baseline study for antifouling booster biocides in coastal waters of Panama is presented. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) was used for extraction and Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied for the quantification of irgarol 1051, diuron, (2-thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) and dichlofluanid. TCMTB, DCOIT and dichlofluanid were not detected in any seawater sample, while irgarol 1051 and diuron were found in four out of thirteen areas (<0.3 to 5.0ngL-1 and <2.7 to 70ngL-1, respectively). Although the hotspots were identified in areas influenced by marinas and in one of the ports, diuron and irgarol 1051 levels were all lower than the threshold levels set by the Environmental Quality Standard of United Kingdom. However, this is only a snapshot of the status of costal water contamination by antifouling booster biocides and a more comprehensive assessment is needed to assess risks associated to long term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir Antonio Batista-Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas de Oliveira Arias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Italo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
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Anastasiou TI, Chatzinikolaou E, Mandalakis M, Arvanitidis C. Imposex and organotin compounds in ports of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: Is the story over? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1315-1329. [PMID: 27425438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are toxic substances released into the marine environment from antifouling paints. Sixty-two years following their first application and 9years after the complete ban on their use as biocides in 2003 (EC No. 782/2003), their negative impact on mollusks was still evident, as illustrated by imposex (i.e. the masculinization of female gastropods). This phenomenon is widely used to investigate tributyltin (TBT) pollution, with Hexaplex trunculus and Nassarius nitidus being considered as sensitive bioindicators. H. trunculus specimens and sediment samples collected from the ports of Cagliari (Sardinia), El Kantaoui (Tunisia) and Olhão (Portugal), along with N. nitidus individuals from the port of Faro (Portugal), were used for the assessment of imposex intensity and organotin pollution in these areas. High imposex frequency and organotin concentrations (TBT, triphenyltin (TPhT) and their degradation products) were observed, especially in Sardinia, implying that these chemicals remain a significant pollution issue in the specific Mediterranean ports. Moreover, the highly significant relationship established between penis length of imposex-affected females H. trunculus and TBT/TPhT concentrations offers a rapid and nonsacrificial proxy model for assessing the impact of organotins in coastal environments. Finally, the complementary use of more than one TBT bioindicator is advised in order to obtain more accurate results in detailed monitoring studies of TBT pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekla I Anastasiou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
| | - Eva Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
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Batista RM, Castro IB, Fillmann G. Imposex and butyltin contamination still evident in Chile after TBT global ban. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:446-453. [PMID: 27232971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Imposex in gastropods (Acanthina monodon, Oliva peruviana and Xanthochorus cassidiformis), butyltin levels in surface sediments (Coquimbo and Concepcion) and tissues (Valparaiso and Concepcion) were assessed in three areas under the influence of maritime activities along the central Chilean coast. The highest TBT concentrations were observed in São Vicente Bay (Concepcion), reaching 122.3ngSng(-1) in surface sediments and 59.7ngSng(-1) in gastropods tissue, while in Valparaiso ranged from 7.4 to 15.8ngSng(-1) in biota. The lowest TBT concentrations were detected in sediments from Coquimbo (<2ngSng(-1)), which can be attributed to a much lower ship/boat traffic (probably using TBT free products) in association to local oceanographic conditions. Despite DBT and MBT were the predominant analytes, recent inputs of TBT were evident in some areas. In fact, fishing boats may be a relevant source since they were the predominant maritime activity in the most contaminated sites. In addition, the absence of significant differences within BTs levels between both genders of A. monodon suggests that tissues from distinct sexes can be indistinctly used for future contamination studies. Imposex incidence was detected in 11 out of 15 sampled sites, indicating that environmental levels of TBT have been sufficient to induce deleterious effects on the exposed organisms. Thus, the impacts caused by TBT in Chilean coastal areas were detectable and consistent with other studies performed in South America. This present environmental contamination is probably due to the lack of regulations forbidding the use of TBT-based antifouling paints in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Italo Braga Castro
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
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Dos Santos DM, Turra A, de Marchi MRR, Montone RC. Distribution of butyltin compounds in Brazil's southern and southeastern estuarine ecosystems: assessment of spatial scale and compartments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16152-16163. [PMID: 27151240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Butyltin compounds (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products, dibutyltin and monobutyltin, have been found in a diversity of aquatic systems and causing toxic effects in target and nontarget organisms. They enter in coastal systems through different sources (as antifouling paints, industrial effluents, etc.) where they interact with biotic and abiotic components, and their distribution is commonly determined by the morphological and hydrodynamic conditions of the coastal systems. In this study, we discuss the contamination by BTs on a spatial scale (eight estuaries with three subareas each) and in different compartments of the estuaries (sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and estuarine catfish tissues (liver and gills). Lower concentrations of BTs were found in the sediments (n.d. to 338 ng g(-1)) in comparison to studies before a ban of TBT in antifouling paints was enacted, mostly indicating an old input or preservation related with sediment properties and composition. For SPM samples (n.d. to 175 ng L(-1)) as well as in fish tissues (n.d. to 1426 ng g(-1)), the presence of these compounds was frequent, especially in the fish due to their movement throughout the estuaries and the potential to assess point sources of BTs. These results indicate that BTs persist in the environment, with variation in amounts between investigated estuaries and even at locations inside the same estuary, because of ideal preservation conditions, transport to remote areas, and input from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Moscardi Dos Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, R. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Geological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, R. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Carmela Montone
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Geological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Artifon V, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. Spatiotemporal appraisal of TBT contamination and imposex along a tropical bay (Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16047-16055. [PMID: 27146542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A spatiotemporal evaluation of butyltin contamination was performed between 2010 and 2012 along Todos os Santos Bay (Northeast Brazil) using surface sediments, bivalve tissues (Anomalocardia brasiliana and Mytella guyanensis), and imposex occurrence (Stramonita rustica). The spatial study detected high tributyltin (TBT) levels (maximum values of 262 ng Sn g (-1) - 21,833 ng Sn g(-1) of total organic carbon - for surface sediments and 421 ng Sn g(-1) for bivalve tissues) in the innermost part of the bay. The TBT levels detected in M. guyanensis tissues might cause human health risk since local population consumes these organisms. These high concentrations observed in the bivalves might result in ingestions higher than the safe limits established by European Food Safety Authority (250 ng TBT kg(-1) day(-1)). Considering the temporal evaluation, no difference (p > 0.05) was observed between TBT concentrations in sediments obtained during the two sampling campaigns (2010/2011 and 2012). However, the increasing predominance of TBT metabolites (butyltin degradation index (BDI) >1) in more recent sediments indicates further degradation of old TBT inputs. In spite of that, recent inputs are still evident at this region. Nevertheless, a reduction of imposex parameters in S. rustica over the last decade suggests an overall decline in the TBT contamination, at least in the outermost and possible less impacted region of the bay. The TBT contamination is probably reducing due to the national and international legislative restrictions on the use of TBT as antifouling biocide. The contamination levels, however, are still relevant especially in the inner part of Todos os Santos Bay since they are above those that are likely to cause toxicity to the biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Artifon
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
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28
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Speciation analysis of organotin compounds (OTCs) by a simultaneous hydride generation–liquid/liquid extraction and GC–MS determination. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Rossato M, Castro IB, Paganini CL, Colares EP, Fillmann G, Pinho GLL. Sex steroid imbalances in the muricid Stramonita haemastoma from TBT contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7861-7868. [PMID: 26758306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Imposex incidence, organotin tissue levels, and sex steroid (free and esterified testosterone and estradiol) levels were assessed in Stramonita haemastoma from Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil). The imposex levels showed a reduction when compared to a previous evaluation performed in the same area. In spite of that, the detected imposex incidence indicated the occurrence of tributyltin (TBT) inputs that were still able to produce endocrine disruption in local gastropods. In addition, a high level of organotins was observed in tissues of imposexed females. These females also showed a hormonal imbalance, especially in the total testosterone/total estradiol ratio. These findings obtained under realistic field conditions suggest that the steroid pathway could be responsible by the imposex induction after exposure to TBT. In this case, measurements of sex steroid levels can be an additional evidence for monitoring sites and impose affected gastropod populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rossato
- Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - I B Castro
- Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil.
| | - C L Paganini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - E P Colares
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - G Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - G L L Pinho
- Instituto de Oceanografia. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Commendatore MG, Franco MA, Gomes Costa P, Castro IB, Fillmann G, Bigatti G, Esteves JL, Nievas ML. Butyltins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and bivalve mollusks in a mid-latitude environment from the Patagonian coastal zone. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2750-63. [PMID: 26118658 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Butyltins (BTs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in a mid-latitude environment of the Patagonian coast, distant from significant pollutant sources. Bioaccumulation processes through bottom sediment resuspension were suggested by BTs level (expressed as ng of tin [Sn] g(-1) dry wt) found in surface sediment (<limit of detection [LOD]-166.5 ng [Sn] g(-1) dry wt) and bivalve mollusks (29.4-206.0 ng [Sn] g(-1) dry wt); whereas imposex incidence was only 15% in the gastropod Pareuthria plumbea collected near a harbor. Low hydrocarbon pollution was found in sediments and bivalves with ∑PAHs(16) ranging from <LOD to 94.9 ng g(-1) dry weight and from <LOD to 54.9 ng g(-1) dry weight, respectively. Values were typical of locations distant from pollutant sources and showed different compositional patterns for both substrates. However, concentrations for some individual PAHs in sediments were found over the threshold effect level. On average, ΣPCB did not exceed the sediment quality guidelines being 0.57 ± 0.88 ng g(-1) dry weight in sediments and 0.41 ± 0.26 ng g(-1) dry weight in bivalves. Average ΣOCPs in sediments were 0.53 ± 0.34 ng g(-1) dry weight and ranged from <LOD to 0.22 ng g(-1) dry weight in bivalves, showing a different pattern and suggesting a different accumulation pathway as was found for PAHs. Although both discrete and atmospheric sources can be considered for PAHs, organochlorines pollution was clearly related to atmospheric global transport, indicating that in the studied area, OCPs and PCBs experience permanent or temporal deposition during their migration to southern zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Commendatore
- Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Water Pollution (LOQYCA), Patagonian National Center-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Marcos A Franco
- Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Water Pollution (LOQYCA), Patagonian National Center-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- National Technology University-Chubut Regional Faculty, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Patricia Gomes Costa
- Laboratory of Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (CONECO), Federal University of Río Grande (FURG), Río Grande, Brazil
| | - Italo B Castro
- Laboratory of Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (CONECO), Federal University of Río Grande (FURG), Río Grande, Brazil
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Marine Contamination (LECMAR), Federal University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratory of Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (CONECO), Federal University of Río Grande (FURG), Río Grande, Brazil
| | - Gregorio Bigatti
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Integrative Biology of Marine Invertebrates (LARBIM), Patagonia National Center-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - José L Esteves
- Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Water Pollution (LOQYCA), Patagonian National Center-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Marina L Nievas
- Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Water Pollution (LOQYCA), Patagonian National Center-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- National Technology University-Chubut Regional Faculty, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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Laitano MV, Castro ÍB, Costa PG, Fillmann G, Cledón M. Butyltin and PAH Contamination of Mar del Plata Port (Argentina) Sediments and Their Influence on Adjacent Coastal Regions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:513-520. [PMID: 26310126 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of butyltins (BTs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in surface sediments to assess how relevant is Mar del Plata port (Argentina) as a source of contamination to the surrounding environments. Within the port, TBT concentrations ranged from 24.2 to 150 ng Sn g(-1) and PAHs (Σ16) from 180 to 17,094 ng g(-1). At the surrounding beaches, PAHs were detected at low concentrations and TBT concentrations reached 10.9 ng Sn g(-1). Although those low levels indicate that the Port might not be an important source of contamination to the surrounding beaches, the very low TOC content and the coarse grain size of the beaches sediments could explain the sedimentary levels. The results show a reduction in TBT levels in Mar del Plata port after national and international use restrictions of TBT-based antifouling paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Laitano
- IIMyC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET-FCEN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ítalo B Castro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Patrícia G Costa
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - G Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - M Cledón
- IIMyC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET-FCEN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yáñez J, Riffo P, Santander P, Mansilla HD, Mondaca MA, Campos V, Amarasiriwardena D. Biodegradation of Tributyltin (TBT) by Extremophile Bacteria from Atacama Desert and Speciation of Tin By-products. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:126-130. [PMID: 25975619 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of tributyltin (TBT) by four tin resistant Gram negative bacteria isolated from extremely contaminated river sediments in the Atacama Desert in Chile was studied. Moraxella osloensis showed the greatest resistance and degradation capability of TBT, producing less toxic by-products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and inorganic tin. In 7 days, approximately 80 % of TBT degradation was achieved, generating close to 20 % of DBT as degradation product. The degradation rate constant (k) was 0.022 [day(-1)] and TBT half-life (t1/2) in culture was 4.3 days. Debutylation is stated a probable mechanism of TBT degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Yáñez
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepción, PO Box 160-C, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile,
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Petracco M, Camargo RM, Berenguel TA, de Arruda NCLP, del Matto LA, Amado LL, Corbisier TN, Castro ÍB, Turra A. Evaluation of the use of Olivella minuta (Gastropoda, Olividae) and Hastula cinerea (Gastropoda, Terebridae) as TBT sentinels for sandy coastal habitats. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:440. [PMID: 26085280 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) contamination is still recorded in the environment even after its ban in antifouling paints. Since most biomonitors of TBT contamination, through imposex evaluation, are hard-bottom gastropods, the identification of soft-bottom sentinels has become useful for regions where rocky shores and coral reefs are absent. Thus, an evaluation of Olivella minuta and Hastula cinerea as monitors of TBT contamination was performed in two sandy beaches located under influence area of São Sebastião harbor (São Paulo state, Brazil), where previous and simultaneous studies have reported environmental contamination by TBT. In addition, the imposex occurrence in H. cinerea was assessed in an area with low marine traffic (Una beach), also located in São Paulo State. A moderate imposex incidence in O. minuta was detected in Pernambuco (% I = 9.36, RPLI = 4.49 and RPLIstand = 4.27) and Barequeçaba (% I = 2.42, RPLI = 0.36 and RPLIstand = 0.81) beaches, indicating TBT contamination. In contrast, more severe levels of imposex were recorded for H. cinerea in Una beach (% I = 12.45) and mainly in Barequeçaba beach (% I = 98.92, RPLI = 26.65). Our results suggest that O. minuta and H. cinerea have good potential as biomonitors for TBT based on their wide geographical distribution, common occurrence in different coastal sediment habitats, easy collection, and association with TBT-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Petracco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil, CEP 66075-110
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Paz-Villarraga CA, Castro ÍB, Miloslavich P, Fillmann G. Venezuelan Caribbean Sea under the threat of TBT. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:704-710. [PMID: 25155631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although environmental tributyltin (TBT) contamination is considered a solved problem, imposex occurrence in Plicopurpura patula as well as butyltins (BTs) contamination in sediments and tissues were detected along 700 km of the Caribbean coastal shore. Areas under the influence of five main ports of Venezuela were covered, as well as large marinas and sites located away from expected sources. Marinas were the most contaminated areas, whilst imposex incidence and TBT levels were relatively low in areas nearby commercial harbors. Thus, it is evident that marinas have become the main source of fresh TBT to the region. This might explain why imposex incidence seems to be widely distributed along the Venezuelan coast, since leisure boats are circulating along the whole coastal region. In fact, this could be the pattern for other areas of the Caribbean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ítalo B Castro
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
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Niu L, Li Y, Li Q. Medicinal properties of organotin compounds and their limitations caused by toxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Choi M, Moon HB, Yu J, Cho H, Choi HG. Temporal trends (2004-2009) of imposex in rock shells Thais clavigera collected along the Korean coast associated with tributyltin regulation in 2003 and 2008. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:448-455. [PMID: 23254565 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the temporal trend in contamination of butyltin compounds (BTs) along the Korean coast using imposex and tributyltin (TBT) burden in gastropods (Thais clavigera) as a biomonitor. Thais clavigera were collected from 26 locations with different shipping activities between 2004 and 2009 after restrictions on TBT-based antifouling paints were imposed in Korea. In the present study, imposex indices and TBT tissue concentrations significantly decreased over time from 2004 to 2009, confirming the effectiveness of TBT regulation. However, imposex in 2009 samples was still found. Significantly high imposex indices and TBT tissue residues were found in large ports containing commercial and ferry services compared with small ports and background areas. Imposex indices in background areas had decreased to zero, suggesting recovery from imposex caused by BT contamination. These results suggest that recovery from TBT contamination occurs faster in areas with very low maritime activities than areas with high maritime activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Choi
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea.
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de Azevedo D, de Almeida Rocha-Barreira C, Matthews-Cascon H, Castro ÍB. Pugilina morio L., a new imposex exhibitor from South American estuarine environments: approach for a non-lethal method to evaluate imposex. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:786-792. [PMID: 22878864 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on imposex occurrence in Pugilina morio. Imposex levels in P. morio from Ceará River Estuary were assessed by a non-lethal method. The obtained imposex parameters were: percentage = 37.1 %, female penis length index (FPLI) = 0.93 mm, relative penis length index (RPLI) = 6.5 %, and vas deferens sequence index (VDSI) = 1.0. Because imposex is induced by tributyltin, and P. morio is widely distributed on the East coast of South America, the species can be used as a tributyltin contamination sentinel in these estuaries. Additionally, a non-lethal method of evaluating imposex minimized the impact on the population of P. morio from sample collection, as all organisms were returned to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyse de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Zoobentos do Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Bairro Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Castro ÍB, Rossato M, Fillmann G. Imposex reduction and residual butyltin contamination in southern Brazilian harbors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:947-954. [PMID: 22410874 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The imposex incidence was appraised in South American gastropods, considering the scenario before and after the global ban of tributyltin (TBT). A statistically significant reduction in imposex indexes was observed in Stramonita haemastoma collected in 2006 and 2010 from areas under the influence of four coastal harbors from southern Brazil. This reduction may be because of the effectiveness of the global ban issued by the International Maritime Organization, although the restrictions on TBT-based antifouling paints in Brazil might also have helped. Even so, a residual organotin contamination was still detected in female tissues (levels ranged from 7.6 to 164.9 ng Sn/g for TBT; from <2 to 214.5 ng Sn/g for dibutyltin; from <3.5 to 178.8 ng Sn/g for monobutyltin; and from <1.5 to 53 ng Sn/g for triphenyltin). Thus, although a reduction in imposex and environmental levels of organotins is expected in every ocean worldwide soon after the implementation of national and international restriction regulations, this will depend on the effectiveness of the global TBT ban; the effectiveness of local restrictions on producing, selling, and using TBT-based antifouling paints; and specific characteristics of local sediments, because metabolization rates and sorption/desorption of TBT previously deposited might affect its environmental bioavailability. Therefore, the reduction trend detected in the present study cannot be extrapolated to other Brazilian or South American coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Braga Castro
- Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rio Grande Federal University, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. High tributyltin and imposex levels in the commercial muricid Thais chocolata from two Peruvian harbor areas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:955-960. [PMID: 22410964 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The first appraisal of butyltin (BT) contamination linked with imposex incidence in Peruvian coastal areas was performed in the present study. Imposex occurrence and BT levels in female bodies were analyzed in the rock snail Thais chocolata distributed along 10 sites in areas under the influence of Callao and Chimbote Harbors. Imposex levels associated to high tributyltin (TBT) concentrations were observed in six of 10 studied sites, and the highest imposex levels were seen in gastropods collected near the harbor terminals. Tributyltin concentrations were the highest reported for gastropod mollusks (up to 662 ng Sn g(-1)) in recent studies. Although TBT-based antifouling paints have been banned globally (International Maritime Organization, 2008), the combination of high imposex and TBTs level with butyltin degradation index values indicated fresh TBT inputs in these Peruvian coastal areas. Thus, the need to implement local regulatory strategies related to the use of TBT-free antifouling paints is urgent, as is a thorough assessment of the effectiveness of the TBT global ban. Moreover, the wide distribution of T. chocolata combined with its capability to elicit imposex and bioaccumulate BTs renders this a good sentinel species for TBT contamination along the western South American coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Braga Castro
- Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rio Grande Federal University, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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