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Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37375116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Liana Bruggemann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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Wang W, Cao Y, Li J, Lu S, Ge H, Pan S, Pan X, Wang L. The impact of osmotic stresses on the biofilm formation, immunodetection, and morphology of Aeromonas hydrophila. Microbiol Res 2023; 269:127301. [PMID: 36689842 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) is a zoonotic pathogen of great importance to aquaculture and human health. This study systematically evaluated the impact of salinity, sugar, ammonia nitrogen, and nitric nitrogen levels on the fitness of Ah by using Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl, sucrose, NH4Cl, urea, NaNO2 or NaNO3. Results showed that the static biofilm formation of Ah was higher at 28 °C compared to 37 °C (P < 0.05). At 28 °C, as the NaCl (>1 %) and sucrose levels increased, the Ah biofilm formation and the binding between Ah cells and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, for immunodetection) decreased. Elevated ammonia nitrogen and nitric nitrogen levels generated no significant impact on Ah biofilm formation or immunodetection (P > 0.05). The expression of mAbs-targeted Omp remained unchanged under high NaCl or sucrose conditions. Further analysis showed that high sucrose conditions led to the over-expression of the extracellular polysaccharides (PS) and promoted the formation of capsule-like structures. These over-expressed PS and capsule structures might be one reason explaining the inhibited immunodetection efficacy. Results generated from this study provide crucial insights for the design of recovery and detection protocols for Ah present in food or environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuaichen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saikun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China.
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Levana O, Hoon Jeong J, Sik Hur S, Seo W, Lee M, Mu Noh K, Hong S, Hong Park J, Hun Lee J, Choi C, Hwang Y. Development of nanoclay-based nanocomposite surfaces with antibacterial properties for potential biomedical applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhang J, Wang M, Hu L, Zhang Q, Chen E, Wang Z, Shi Y, Tan L, Xiao S. A universal coating strategy for inhibiting the growth of bacteria on materials surfaces. Front Chem 2022; 10:1043353. [PMID: 36311422 PMCID: PMC9606354 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1043353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a versatile antibacterial coating, irrespective of material characteristics, is greatly attractive but still a challenge. In this work, mussel-inspired dopamine-modified sodium alginate (SA-DA) was successfully synthesized as the adhesion layer, and antibacterial coatings on three types of substrates, namely cotton fabric, aluminum sheet, and polyurethane membrane, were constructed through the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyhexamethylene guanidine and sodium alginate. Among the coated materials, the coated cotton fabric was systematically characterized, and the results showed that it still exhibited ideal hydrophilicity, and its liquid absorption capacity increased with an increase in the coating layers. The growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was notably inhibited on the coated cotton fabric, and 10 coating bilayers achieved 100% inhibition of bacterial growth within 10 min. Furthermore, an ideal antibacterial ability maintained after 10 cycles of antibacterial trials or 50 washing or soaping cycles. In vitro evaluation of the hemostatic effect indicated that the coated cotton fabric could promote blood clotting by concentrating the components of blood and activating the platelets, and no significant hemolysis and cytotoxicity were observed in the coated cotton fabric. Moreover, the coated aluminum and polyurethane film also displayed an obvious antibacterial effect, which proved that the constructed coating could successfully adhere to the metal and polymer surfaces. Therefore, this work provided a proper way for the progress of a current antibacterial coating tactics for different substrate surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University, Research Center for Fiber Science and Engineering Technology, Yibin, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University, Research Center for Fiber Science and Engineering Technology, Yibin, China
| | - Liwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yidong Shi
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University, Research Center for Fiber Science and Engineering Technology, Yibin, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology/Sichuan University, Research Center for Fiber Science and Engineering Technology, Yibin, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shimeng Xiao,
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Na SW, Guan LL. Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:41-53. [PMID: 35647325 PMCID: PMC9117530 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation by Seed-Derived Ethanol Extracts from Persea americana Mill. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155009. [PMID: 35956958 PMCID: PMC9370132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance demands innovative strategies to combat microorganisms. The current study evaluated the antibacterial and antivirulence effects of ethanol extracts from Persea americana seeds obtained by the Soxhlet (SE) and maceration (MaE) methods. The UHPLC-DAD-QTOF analysis showed mainly the presence of polyphenols and neolignan. Ethanol extracts were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells (CC50 > 500 µg/mL) and displayed a moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC50 = 87 and 187 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (IC50 = 144 and 159 µg/mL). Interestingly, no antibacterial activity was found against Escherichia coli. SE and MaE extracts were also able to significantly reduce the bacterial adhesion to A549 lung epithelial cells. Additionally, both extracts inhibited the biofilm growth at 24 h and facilitated the release of internal cell components in P. aeruginosa, which might be associated with cell membrane destabilization. Real-time PCR and agarose electrophoresis gel analysis indicated that avocado seed ethanol extracts (64 µg/mL) downregulated virulence-related factors such as mexT and lasA genes. Our results support the potential of bioproducts from P. americana seeds as anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm agents.
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Wang WB, Liu L, Guo SS, Yuan QY, Lu SC, Shu LQ, Pan S. Recombinant expression and immunogenicity evaluation of a TonB-dependent receptor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 197:106111. [PMID: 35588973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study constructed the recombinant plasmid of a TonB-dependent receptor from V. parahaemolyticus and evaluated the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein in mice. The TonB-dependent receptor gene (GI: 28901321) was obtained by PCR amplification and cloned into plasmid pET-32a (+). The recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, and the protein expression was induced by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The 6 × His-tagged TonB-dependent receptor inclusion bodies were purified by Ni-NTA Agarose column and renatured by gradient urea dialysis. The soluble and inclusion bodies of the TonB-dependent receptor were emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice. The serum titers with seven V. parahaemolyticus strains, eight Vibrio species, and nine other bacteria were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. The results showed that the serum homogenously bound the target protein in the V. parahaemolyticus cell lysates. The titers against the immunized protein were above 89K, while the titer against whole cells of seven V. parahaemolyticus strains ranged from 4.12K to 12.5K. However, the titers were higher for the soluble TonB-dependent receptor. The serums reacted with E. coli strains but did not cross-react with eight Vibrio species and Photobacterium damselae. These results showed that the TonB-dependent receptor proteins in this study were immunogenic, and the serums showed adequate specificity for V. parahaemolyticus. However, the availability of the TonB-dependent receptor on V. parahaemolyticus cells is probably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Shan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yun Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Quan Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saikun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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GC/MS Analyses of the Essential Oils Obtained from Different Jatropha Species, Their Discrimination Using Chemometric Analysis and Assessment of Their Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091268. [PMID: 35567269 PMCID: PMC9099762 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils of Jatropha intigrimma, J. roseae and J. gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae) were analyzed employing GC/MS (Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry) analyses. A total of 95 volatile constituents were identified from J. intigrimma, J. gossypifolia and J. roseae essential oils, accounting for 91.61, 90.12, and 86.24%, respectively. Chemometric analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) based on the obtained GC data revealed the formation of three discriminant clusters due to the placement of the three Jatropha species in three different quadrants, highlighting the dissimilarity between them. Heneicosane, phytol, nonacosane, silphiperfol-6-ene, copaborneol, hexatriacontane, octadecamethyl-cyclononasiloxane, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester and methyl linoleate constitute the key markers for their differentiation. In vitro antibacterial activities of the essential oils were investigated at doses of 10 mg/mL against the Gram-negative anaerobe Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method and broth microdilution test. J. gossypifolia essential oil showed the most potent antimicrobial activity, demonstrating the largest inhibition zone (11.90 mm) and the least minimum inhibitory concentration (2.50 mg/mL), followed by the essential oil of J. intigrimma. The essential oils were evaluated for their anti-adhesion properties against the Gram-negative E. coli biofilm using a modified method of biofilm inhibition spectrophotometric assay. J. intigrimma essential oil showed the most potent biofilm inhibitory activity, demonstrating the least minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of 31.25 µg/mL. In silico molecular docking performed within the active center of E. coli adhesion protein FimH showed that heneicosane, followed by cubebol and methyl linoleate, displayed the best fitting score. Thus, it can be concluded that the essential oils of J. gossypifolia and J. intigrimma leaves represent promising sources for antibacterial drugs with antibiofilm potential.
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Khan S, Jarad NA, Ladouceur L, Rachwalski K, Bot V, Shakeri A, Maclachlan R, Sakib S, Weitz JI, Brown ED, Soleymani L, Didar TF. Transparent and Highly Flexible Hierarchically Structured Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces Suppress Bacterial Attachment and Thrombosis Under Static and Dynamic Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2108112. [PMID: 35224860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface fouling of biomedical devices has been an ongoing issue in healthcare. Bacterial and blood adhesion in particular, severely impede the performance of such tools, leading to poor patient outcomes. Various structural and chemical modifications have been shown to reduce fouling, but all existing strategies lack the combination of physical, chemical, and economic traits necessary for widespread use. Herein, a lubricant infused, hierarchically micro- and nanostructured polydimethylsiloxane surface is presented. The surface is easy to produce and exhibits the high flexibility and optical transparency necessary for incorporation into various biomedical tools. Tests involving two clinically relevant, priority pathogens show up to a 98.5% reduction in the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With blood, the surface reduces staining by 95% and suppresses thrombin generation to background levels. Furthermore, the surface shows applicability within applications such as catheters, extracorporeal circuits, and microfluidic devices, through its effectiveness in dynamic conditions. The perfusion of bacterial media shows up to 96.5% reduction in bacterial adhesion. Similarly, a 95.8% reduction in fibrin networks is observed following whole blood perfusion. This substrate stands to hold high applicability within biomedical systems as a means to prevent fouling, thus improving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Noor Abu Jarad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Liane Ladouceur
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rachwalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Veronica Bot
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Roderick Maclachlan
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L7, Canada
| | - Sadman Sakib
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L7, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
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Silencing of Curlin Protein via M13 Phagemid-Mediated Synthetic sRNA Expression Reduces Virulence in the Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:105. [PMID: 35157141 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Curli fimbriae, a virulent factor of the Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is responsible for adhesion, biofilm formation, and colonization of pathogen. Major curli fimbriae protein is encoded by csgA gene. APEC is one of the leading causes of colibacillosis in poultry flocks and due to excessive use of antibiotics and vaccines in poultry, the emergence of various multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strainsare is frequently reported. The growing concern of MDR bacterial strains necessitate novel antibacterial approaches to combat colibacillosis in poultry. RNA-based gene silencing is a very specific and robust strategy to target specific bacterial factors involved in pathogenicity and virulence. In this study, a phagemid-mediated sRNA expression system to target a vital gene, csgA, is employed. This comprises an M13 phagemid harboring a sRNA expression cassette and a pre-designed GUIDE sequences for the csgA target gene. To target the csgA gene at the mRNA level, a GUIDE sequence was computationally designed for pre-designed sRNA expression cassette. Online web tools were used to predict the binding energy, secondary structure, and off-target binding potential of the sRNA to optimize its expression. Results showed that the designed sRNA has a binding energy of - 29.60 kcal/mol with zero off-targets. After expression of the sRNA in the APEC cells, ̴ 45% reduction in the csgA level was observed via RT-PCR in the CS-APEC-O1 strains compared to the wt-APEC-O1. Similarly, the biofilm forming ability decreased by 40% in the CS-APEC-O1 strains. The swarming motility and hemagglutination efficiency were not affected by the sRNA expression. Future studies investigating the in vivo efficiency of M13 phagemid delivery are required to evaluate its candidacy in phage therapy.
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Levana O, Hong S, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Hur SS, Lee JW, Kwon KS, Hwang Y. A Novel Strategy for Creating an Antibacterial Surface Using a Highly Efficient Electrospray-Based Method for Silica Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:513. [PMID: 35008939 PMCID: PMC8745460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of bacteria on biomedical implant surfaces is a prerequisite for biofilm formation, which may increase the chances of infection and chronic inflammation. In this study, we employed a novel electrospray-based technique to develop an antibacterial surface by efficiently depositing silica homogeneously onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to achieve hydrophobic and anti-adhesive properties. We evaluated its potential application in inhibiting bacterial adhesion using both Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. These silica-deposited PET surfaces could provide hydrophobic surfaces with a water contact angle greater than 120° as well as increased surface roughness (root mean square roughness value of 82.50 ± 16.22 nm and average roughness value of 65.15 ± 15.26 nm) that could significantly reduce bacterial adhesion by approximately 66.30% and 64.09% for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, compared with those on plain PET surfaces. Furthermore, we observed that silica-deposited PET surfaces showed no detrimental effects on cell viability in human dermal fibroblasts, as confirmed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and live/dead assays. Taken together, such approaches that are easy to synthesize, cost effective, and efficient, and could provide innovative strategies for preventing bacterial adhesion on biomedical implant surfaces in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelia Levana
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Chungnam-do, Korea; (O.L.); (J.H.J.); (S.S.H.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungnam-do, Korea
| | - Soonkook Hong
- Department of Mechanical and Naval Architectural Engineering, Republic of Korea Naval Academy, Changwon-si 51704, Kyungsangnam-do, Korea;
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungnam-do, Korea;
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Chungnam-do, Korea; (O.L.); (J.H.J.); (S.S.H.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungnam-do, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Hur
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Chungnam-do, Korea; (O.L.); (J.H.J.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Kye-Si Kwon
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungnam-do, Korea
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Chungnam-do, Korea; (O.L.); (J.H.J.); (S.S.H.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungnam-do, Korea
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12
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Coloma-Rivero RF, Flores-Concha M, Molina RE, Soto-Shara R, Cartes Á, Oñate ÁA. Brucella and Its Hidden Flagellar System. Microorganisms 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35056531 PMCID: PMC8781033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella, a Gram-negative bacterium with a high infective capacity and a wide spectrum of hosts in the animal world, is found in terrestrial and marine mammals, as well as amphibians. This broad spectrum of hosts is closely related to the non-classical virulence factors that allow this pathogen to establish its replicative niche, colonizing epithelial and immune system cells, evading the host's defenses and defensive response. While motility is the primary role of the flagellum in most bacteria, in Brucella, the flagellum is involved in virulence, infectivity, cell growth, and biofilm formation, all of which are very important facts in a bacterium that to date has been described as a non-motile organism. Evidence of the expression of these flagellar proteins that are present in Brucella makes it possible to hypothesize certain evolutionary aspects as to where a free-living bacterium eventually acquired genetic material from environmental microorganisms, including flagellar genes, conferring on it the ability to reach other hosts (mammals), and, under selective pressure from the environment, can express these genes, helping it to evade the immune response. This review summarizes relevant aspects of the presence of flagellar proteins and puts into context their relevance in certain functions associated with the infective process. The study of these flagellar genes gives the genus Brucella a very high infectious versatility, placing it among the main organisms in urgent need of study, as it is linked to human health by direct contact with farm animals and by eventual transmission to the general population, where flagellar genes and proteins are of great relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ángel A. Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (R.F.C.-R.); (M.F.-C.); (R.E.M.); (R.S.-S.); (Á.C.)
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13
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Xu Q, Chen H, Sun W, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Rai KR, Chen JL, Chen Y. sRNA23, a novel small RNA, regulates to the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Virulence 2021; 12:3045-3061. [PMID: 34882070 PMCID: PMC8667912 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION sRNA: small noncoding RNA; FBA: fructose diphosphate aldolase; rplB: 50S ribosomal protein L2; RACE: rapid amplification of cDNA ends; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; THB: Todd-Hewitt broth; FBS: fetal bovine serum; BIP: 2,2'-Bipyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanming Xu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dewen Zhu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Rexo A, Hansen B, Clarsund M, Krumbeck JA, Bernstein J. Effect of topical medication on the nasomaxillary skin-fold microbiome in French bulldogs. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:10-e5. [PMID: 34668256 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host-microbe interactions may influence dermatitis pathogenesis in the nasomaxillary folds of French bulldogs, which is often complicated by secondary bacterial and fungal infections. OBJECTIVE To assess the skin-fold microbiome in systemically healthy French bulldogs and to determine the influence of topical medications on this microbiome. ANIMALS Nineteen healthy French bulldogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Next-generation DNA sequencing was applied to characterise the microbiome composition in the nasomaxillary folds of systemically healthy French bulldogs. Subsequently, the effect of two topical products on the fold microbiome was assessed. Seven dogs were treated with a protease product (Kalzyme; enzyme) that inhibits biofilm formation without biocidal activity, six dogs were treated with a 2% chlorhexidine diacetate solution (Nolvasan; CHX) with biocidal activity, and six dogs were untreated. Dogs were randomly assigned to each group, and the investigator was blinded. RESULTS The primary skin bacterial phyla inhabiting the folds at inclusion were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The primary skin fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Topical treatment increased the diversity of bacterial and fungal compositions over time (increase in microbial diversity score: enzyme 38%, chlorhexidine 11%, control <5%) and the relative abundance of pathogens reduced significantly (enzyme, P = 0.028; CHX, P = 0.048). A clear correlation (r2 = 0.83) was observed between the abundance of clinically relevant pathogens and microbial diversity. CONCLUSIONS The nasomaxillary skin-fold microbiome of healthy French bulldogs contained a high abundance of clinically relevant pathogens (mean 36.4%). Topical therapy with enzyme increased microbial diversity of skin folds and reduced the relative abundance of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Rexo
- Dermatology and Allergy Services for Animals, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Bruce Hansen
- Dermatology and Allergy Services for Animals, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Mats Clarsund
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, 223 63, Sweden
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15
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Balikci E, Yilmaz B, Tahmasebifar A, Baran ET, Kara E. Surface modification strategies for hemodialysis catheters to prevent catheter-related infections: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:314-327. [PMID: 32864803 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of a central venous catheter is one of the most common invasive procedures applied in hemodialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease. The most important complication of a central venous catheter is catheter-related infections that increase hospitalization and duration of intensive care unit stay, cost of treatment, mortality, and morbidity rates. Pathogenic microorganisms, such as, bacteria and fungi, enter the body from the catheter insertion site and the surface of the catheter can become colonized. The exopolysaccharide-based biofilms from bacterial colonies on the surface are the main challenge in the treatment of infections. Catheter lock solutions and systemic antibiotic treatment, which are commonly used in the treatment of hemodialysis catheter-related infections, are insufficient to prevent and terminate the infections and eventually the catheter needs to be replaced. The inadequacy of these approaches in termination and prevention of infection revealed the necessity of coating of hemodialysis catheters with bactericidal and/or antiadhesive agents. Silver compounds and nanoparticles, anticoagulants (e.g., heparin), antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin and chlorhexidine) are some of the agents used for this purpose. The effectiveness of few commercial hemodialysis catheters that were coated with antibacterial agents has been tested in clinical trials against catheter-related infections of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with promising results. Novel biomedical materials and engineering techniques, such as, surface micro/nano patterning and the conjugation of antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, metallic cations, and hydrophilic polymers (e.g., poly [ethylene glycol]) on the surface, has been suggested recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Balikci
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Bengi Yilmaz
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey.,Department of Biomaterials, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Aydin Tahmasebifar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey.,Department of Biomaterials, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Erkan Türker Baran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey.,Department of Biomaterials, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Kara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
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16
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Hutchings C, Rajasekharan SK, Reifen R, Shemesh M. Mitigating Milk-Associated Bacteria through Inducing Zinc Ions Antibiofilm Activity. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081094. [PMID: 32796547 PMCID: PMC7466369 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are a sector heavily impacted by food loss, often due to bacterial contaminations. A major source of contamination is associated with the formation of biofilms by bacterial species adopted to proliferate in milk production environment and onto the surfaces of milk processing equipment. Bacterial cells within the biofilm are characterized by increased resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents. Members of the Bacillus genus are the most commonly found spoilage microorganisms in the dairy environment. It appears that physiological behavior of these species is somehow depended on the availability of bivalent cations in the environment. One of the important cations that may affect the bacterial physiology as well as survivability are Zn2+ ions. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of Zn2+ ions, intending to elucidate the potential of a zinc-based antibacterial treatment suitable for the dairy industry. The antimicrobial effect of different doses of ZnCl2 was assessed microscopically. In addition, expression of biofilm related genes was evaluated using RT-PCR. Analysis of survival rates following heat treatment was conducted in order to exemplify a possible applicative use of Zn2+ ions. Addition of zinc efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by B. subtilis and further disrupted the biofilm bundles. Expression of matrix related genes was found to be notably downregulated. Microscopic evaluation showed that cell elongation was withheld when cells were grown in the presence of zinc. Finally, B. cereus and B. subtilis cells were more susceptible to heat treatment after being exposed to Zn2+ ions. It is believed that an anti-biofilm activity, expressed in downregulation of genes involved in construction of the extracellular matrix, would account for the higher sensitivity of bacteria during heat pasteurization. Consequently, we suggest that Zn2+ ions can be of used as an effective antimicrobial treatment in various applications in the dairy industry, targeting both biofilms and vegetative bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Hutchings
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (C.H.); (S.K.R.)
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Satish Kumar Rajasekharan
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (C.H.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Ram Reifen
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (C.H.); (S.K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3868
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17
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Wang X, Liu L, Zhou X, Huo Y, Gao J, Gu H. Casein phosphopeptide combined with fluoride enhances the inhibitory effect on initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disc. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:169. [PMID: 32532263 PMCID: PMC7291725 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent preventive strategies for dental caries focus on targeting the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, including the inhibition of bacterial adhesion. A promising approach to prevent bacterial adhesion is to modify the composition of acquired salivary pellicle. This in vitro study investigated the effect and possible underlying mechanism of pellicle modification by casein phosphopeptide (CPP) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) initial adhesion, and the impact of fluoride on the efficacy of CPP. Methods The salivary pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA) discs were treated with phosphate buffered saline (negative control), heat-inactivated 2.5% CPP (heat-inactivated CPP), 2.5% CPP (CPP) or 2.5% CPP supplemented with 900 ppm fluoride (CPP + F). After cultivation of S. mutans for 30 min and 2 h, the adherent bacteria were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitatively evaluated using the plate count method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the proportions of total and dead S. mutans. The concentrations of total, free, and bound calcium and fluoride in the CPP and fluoride-doped CPP solutions were determined. The water contact angle and zeta potential of s-HA with and without modification were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Turkey post hoc multiple comparison test. Results Compared to the negative control group, the amount of adherent S. mutans significantly reduced in the CPP and CPP + F groups, and was lowest in the CPP + F group. CLSM analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of dead S. mutans between the four groups. Water contact angle and zeta potential of s-HA surface significantly decreased in the CPP and CPP + F groups as compared to the negative control group, and both were lowest in the CPP + F group. Conclusions Pellicle modification by CPP inhibited S. mutans initial adhesion to s-HA, possibly by reducing hydrophobicity and negative charge of the s-HA surface, and incorporating fluoride into CPP further enhanced the anti-adhesion effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yongbiao Huo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlong Gao
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Haijing Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Song B, Zhang E, Han X, Zhu H, Shi Y, Cao Z. Engineering and Application Perspectives on Designing an Antimicrobial Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21330-21341. [PMID: 32011846 PMCID: PMC7534184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Infections, contaminations, and biofouling resulting from micro- and/or macro-organisms remained a prominent threat to the public health, food industry, and aqua-/marine-related applications. Considering environmental and drug resistance concerns as well as insufficient efficacy on biofilms associated with conventional disinfecting reagents, developing an antimicrobial surface potentially improved antimicrobial performance by directly working on the microbes surrounding the surface area. Here we provide an engineering perspective on the logic of choosing materials and strategies for designing antimicrobial surfaces, as well as an application perspective on their potential impacts. In particular, we analyze and discuss requirements and expectations for specific applications and provide insights on potential misconnection between the antimicrobial solution and its targeted applications. Given the high translational barrier for antimicrobial surfaces, future research would benefit from a comprehensive understanding of working mechanisms for potential materials/strategies, and challenges/requirements for a targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Ershuai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Xiangfei Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Yuanjie Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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19
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Back CR, Higman VA, Le Vay K, Patel VV, Parnell AE, Frankel D, Jenkinson HF, Burston SG, Crump MP, Nobbs AH, Race PR. The streptococcal multidomain fibrillar adhesin CshA has an elongated polymeric architecture. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6689-6699. [PMID: 32229583 PMCID: PMC7212634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surfaces of many bacteria carry filamentous polypeptides termed adhesins that enable binding to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Surface adherence is facilitated by the exquisite selectivity of the adhesins for their cognate ligands or receptors and is a key step in niche or host colonization and pathogenicity. Streptococcus gordonii is a primary colonizer of the human oral cavity and an opportunistic pathogen, as well as a leading cause of infective endocarditis in humans. The fibrillar adhesin CshA is an important determinant of S. gordonii adherence, forming peritrichous fibrils on its surface that bind host cells and other microorganisms. CshA possesses a distinctive multidomain architecture comprising an N-terminal target-binding region fused to 17 repeat domains (RDs) that are each ∼100 amino acids long. Here, using structural and biophysical methods, we demonstrate that the intact CshA repeat region (CshA_RD1-17, domains 1-17) forms an extended polymeric monomer in solution. We recombinantly produced a subset of CshA RDs and found that they differ in stability and unfolding behavior. The NMR structure of CshA_RD13 revealed a hitherto unreported all β-fold, flanked by disordered interdomain linkers. These findings, in tandem with complementary hydrodynamic studies of CshA_RD1-17, indicate that this polypeptide possesses a highly unusual dynamic transitory structure characterized by alternating regions of order and disorder. This architecture provides flexibility for the adhesive tip of the CshA fibril to maintain bacterial attachment that withstands shear forces within the human host. It may also help mitigate deleterious folding events between neighboring RDs that share significant structural identity without compromising mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Back
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A Higman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Le Vay
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Viren V Patel
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E Parnell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Frankel
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Howard F Jenkinson
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Burston
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Crump
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Race
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Guo G, Wei D, Zhang Y, Wang K, Liu R, Wu Z, Kong L, Cheng L, Zhang W. M-like protein SrM is not crucial to the virulence of a novel isolate of Streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum from Macaca mulatta. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:221-228. [PMID: 32615343 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Streptococcus strainnamed FJ1804, was isolated from a blood sample collected from a dead Macaca mulatta in China and, was subsequently classified as Streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum (S.e. ruminatorum) through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. After whole genome sequencing and analysis, an M-like protein encoding gene that encodes an SrM protein that is homologous to the crucial S.e. zooepidemicus crucial virulence factor SzP, was identified in the genome of FJ1804. To determinethe function of SrM in this bacterium, a strain deleted of srm as well as a complement strain were constructed. The results of in vitro cell adherence, invasion and phagocytosis assays and in vivo animal challenge and histopathology showed that the anti-phagocytosis was decreased and the adherence rate was increased in the srm deletion strain, whereas the invasion rate, pathological features and LD50 values inboth zebrafish and BALB/c mice model showed no difference compared to that observed for the WT strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is first of an infection caused by S.e. ruminatorum, which is a newly identified zoonotic pathogen, in Macaca mulatta, and our data suggest that, compared with other S.e. zooepidemicus strains, the SzP homologous protein is not crucial to the virulence of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genglin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- City Park Management Office of Nanping City, Nanping, Fujian 353000, China.
| | - Lifang Kong
- City Park Management Office of Nanping City, Nanping, Fujian 353000, China.
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China.
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21
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Coloma-Rivero RF, Gómez L, Alvarez F, Saitz W, Del Canto F, Céspedes S, Vidal R, Oñate AA. The Role of the Flagellar Protein FlgJ in the Virulence of Brucella abortus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:178. [PMID: 32411617 PMCID: PMC7198779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes a zoonosis called brucellosis. This disease leads to abortion and infertility in cattle, and diverse complications in humans. B. abortus is a successful intracellular bacterium that has developed the ability to evade the host's immune system and it replicates in professional and non-professional phagocytic cells, persisting in the different tissues, and organs of its hosts. It has been described that Brucella expresses a polar flagellum under certain conditions, but its function is still unknown. In this study we evaluated the role of the FlgJ, a protein, presumably a peptidoglycan hydrolase involved in flagellum formation and in the virulence of B. abortus strain 2308. B. abortus 2308 ΔflgJ mutant and complemented strains were constructed to study the function of the FlgJ protein in the context of the virulence of this pathogen in in vitro and in vivo assays. The results showed that the elimination of the flgJ gene delays the growth rate of B. abortus in culture, reduces its intracellular survival capacity in professional and non-professional phagocytic cells, rendering it unable to escape from the endocytic route and not reaching the endoplasmic reticulum. It also negatively affects their persistence in BALB/c mice. Functionally, the B. abortus 2308 flgJ gene restored motility to an E. coli flgJ mutant gene. Furthermore, it was discovered that the production of FlgJ protein is associated with the bacterial adherence by B. abortus. Therefore, although the specific function of the polar flagellum for Brucella is unknown, the data indicates that the flagellar flgJ gene and its product are required for full virulence of B. abortus 2308, since its deletion significantly reduces the fitness of this pathogen in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F Coloma-Rivero
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leonardo Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Alvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Waleska Saitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Del Canto
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Céspedes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angel A Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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22
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Labena A, Hegazy MA, Sami RM, Hozzein WN. Multiple Applications of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant: Anti-Microbial, Anti-Biofilm, Biocide, Salinity Corrosion Inhibitor, and Biofilm Dispersion (Part II). Molecules 2020; 25:E1348. [PMID: 32188097 PMCID: PMC7144103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Egyptian petroleum industries are incurring severe problems with corrosion, particularly corrosion that is induced by sulfidogenic microbial activities in harsh salinity environments despite extensively using biocides and metal corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, in this study, a synthesized cationic gemini surfactant (SCGS) was tested as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-candida, anti-fungal, anti-biofilm (anti-adhesive), and bio-dispersion agent. The SCGS was evaluated as a biocide against environmental sulfidogenic-bacteria and as a corrosion inhibitor for a high salinity cultivated medium. The SCGS displayed wide spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations. The SCGS demonstrated anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and bio-dispersion activity. The SCGS exhibited bactericidal activity against environmental sulfidogenic bacteria and the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 93.8% at 5 mM. Additionally, the SCGS demonstrated bio-dispersion activity against the environmental sulfidogenic bacteria at 5.49% salinity. In conclusion, this study provides a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with many applications in the oil and gas industry: as broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, corrosion inhibition for high salinity, biocides for environmentally sulfidogenic bacteria, and as bio-dispersion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Labena
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr, Cairo 11727, Egypt; (M.A.H.); (R.M.S.)
| | - M. A. Hegazy
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr, Cairo 11727, Egypt; (M.A.H.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Radwa M. Sami
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr, Cairo 11727, Egypt; (M.A.H.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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23
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Jan HM, Chen YC, Yang TC, Ong LL, Chang CC, Muthusamy S, Abera AB, Wu MS, Gervay-Hague J, Mong KKT, Lin CH. Cholesteryl α-D-glucoside 6-acyltransferase enhances the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelium. Commun Biol 2020; 3:120. [PMID: 32170208 PMCID: PMC7069968 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, the most common etiologic agent of gastric diseases including gastric cancer, is auxotrophic for cholesterol and has to hijack it from gastric epithelia. Upon uptake, the bacteria convert cholesterol to cholesteryl 6′-O-acyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (CAG) to promote lipid raft clustering in the host cell membranes. However, how CAG appears in the host to exert the pathogenesis still remains ambiguous. Herein we identified hp0499 to be the gene of cholesteryl α-D-glucopyranoside acyltransferase (CGAT). Together with cholesteryl glucosyltransferase (catalyzing the prior step), CGAT is secreted via outer membrane vesicles to the host cells for direct synthesis of CAG. This significantly enhances lipid rafts clustering, gathers adhesion molecules (including Lewis antigens and integrins α5, β1), and promotes more bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the clinically used drug amiodarone was shown as a potent inhibitor of CGAT to effectively reduce the bacterial adhesion, indicating that CGAT is a potential target of therapeutic intervention. Jan et al. identify cholesteryl α-D- glucopyranoside acyltransferase as a key enzyme in Helicobacter pylori’s synthesis of cholesteryl 6’-O-acyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, which promotes bacterial adhesion. This study provides insights into the H. pylori-induced pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Ming Jan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Lih Ong
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, 30010, Taiwan.,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sasikala Muthusamy
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Andualem Bahiru Abera
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | | | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academic Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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24
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Rubini D, Varthan PV, Jayasankari S, Vedahari BN, Nithyanand P. Suppressing the phenotypic virulence factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli using marine polysaccharide. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103973. [PMID: 31927002 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the keystone pathogen that cause 80-90% of community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) and Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Pathogenicity and ability of UPEC to colonize the bladder majorly relies on the expression of phenotypic virulence factors like flagella, pili, curli, and non pilus adhesion. Pathogens that colonize on the indwelling medical devices are able to communicate using quorum sensing (QS) signals. QS Plays a vital role in coordinating biofilm formation which results in the bacterial cells encased inside an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Chitosan is a marine polysaccharide which is known for its antibacterial activity. In the present study we investigated the ability of chitosan extracted from marine biowaste to mitigate the QS mediated biofilm formation in UPEC. Extracted chitosan (EC) and Commercial chitosan (CC) showed percentage inhibition of 80-85% and 60-75% respectively on young biofilm inhibition and preformed biofilm disruption. EC and CC were assessed for its ability to suppress QS mediated virulence in UPEC. Hemolysis assay showed a percentage inhibition of 79% against EC. Both chitosan showed profound activity to suppress the phenotypic virulence factors like swarming motility which is mediated by type I pili and colony morphology assay showed repression in cellulose production in UPEC. Furthermore, Real-Time PCR confirmed the ability of EC to down regulate the virulent genes which are responsible for invasion in UPEC. Accordingly, the current study foresees the quorum sensing inhibiting (QSI) potential of chitosan extracted from marine biowaste which offers an antibiotic free approach to combat UTI caused by UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Vishnu Varthan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilganesh Jayasankari
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedahari
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Deipenbrock M, Hensel A. Polymethoxylated flavones from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves as antiadhesive compounds against uropathogenic E. coli. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104387. [PMID: 31678632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous and acetone extracts of O. stamineus leaves reduce the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC, strain UTI89) to T24 bladder cells significantly (IC25 ~ 524 mg/mL, resp. 40 μg/mL). The acteonic extract had no cytotoxic effects against UPEC in concentrations that inhibited the bacterial adhesion. The extract significantly reduced the gene expression of fimH, fimC, fimD, csgA and focG, which are strongly involved in the formation of bacterial adhesins. The antiadhesive effect was due to the presence of polymethoxylated flavones, enriched in the acetonic extract. Five flavones have been isolated by fast centrifugal partition chromatography, followed by preparative HPLC. Eupatorin, ladanein, salvigenin, sinensetin, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone were identified as the main polymethoxylated flavones. With the exception of eupatorin, all of these flavones reduced the bacterial adhesion in a concentration depending manner, indicating that B-ring hydroxylation and methoxylation seems to have a major impact on the antiadhesive activity. In addition, this was confirmed by investigation of the flavones chrysoeriol and diosmetin, which had only very weak antiadhesive activity. From these data, Orthosiphon extracts can be assessed to have a pronounced antiadhesive activity against UPEC, based on a variety of polymethoxylated flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Deipenbrock
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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26
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Scrimieri L, Serra A, Manno D, Alifano P, Tredici SM, Calcagnile M, Calcagnile L. TiO
2
films by sol‐gel spin‐coating deposition with microbial antiadhesion properties. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Scrimieri
- CEnter of Applied Physics, DAting and Diagnostics (CEDAD) Department of Mathemathics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Antonio Serra
- CEnter of Applied Physics, DAting and Diagnostics (CEDAD) Department of Mathemathics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Manno
- CEnter of Applied Physics, DAting and Diagnostics (CEDAD) Department of Mathemathics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TecnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | | | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TecnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Lucio Calcagnile
- CEnter of Applied Physics, DAting and Diagnostics (CEDAD) Department of Mathemathics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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27
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Roy S, Zhu Y, Ma J, Roy AC, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Pan Z, Yao H. Role of ClpX and ClpP in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 stress tolerance and virulence. Microbiol Res 2019; 223-225:99-109. [PMID: 31178057 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis has received increasing attention for its involvement in severe infections in pigs and humans; however, their pathogenesis remains unclear. ClpX and ClpP, two subunits of the ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease Clp, play key roles in bacterial adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this study, a virulent S. suis serotype 2 strain, ZY05719, was employed to construct clpX and clpP deletion mutants (ΔclpX and ΔclpP, respectively) and their complementation strains. Both ΔclpX and ΔclpP displayed significantly reduced adaptability compared with the wild-type strain, evident through several altered phenotypes: formation of long cell chains, tendency to aggregate in culture, and reduced growth under acidic pH and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. ClpP and ClpX were required for the optimal growth during heat and cold stress, respectively. An in vitro experiment on RAW264.7 macrophage cells showed significantly increased sensitivity of ΔclpX and ΔclpP to phagocytosis compared with the wild-type strain. Mouse infection assays verified the deletion of clpX and clpP led to not only fewer clinical symptoms and lower mortality but also to a marked attenuation in bacterial colonization. These virulence-related phenotypes were restored by genetic complementation. Furthermore, the deletion of clpX or clpP caused a significant decrease in the expression of sodA, tpx, and apuA compared with the wild-type strain, suggesting that these genes may be regulated by ClpX and ClpP as downstream response factors to facilitate the bacterial tolerance against various environmental stresses. Taken together, these results suggest that ClpX and ClpP play important roles in stress tolerance for achieving the full virulence of S. suis serotype 2 during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Roy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Animesh Chandra Roy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, China.
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28
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Clostridium indicum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the sludge of an industrial effluent. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:672-678. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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A novel approach to create an antibacterial surface using titanium dioxide and a combination of dip-pen nanolithography and soft lithography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15818. [PMID: 30361619 PMCID: PMC6202409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft lithography and Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) are techniques that have been used to modify the surface of biomaterials. Modified surfaces play a role in reducing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Also, titanium dioxide has been reported as an antibacterial substance due to its photocatalytic effect. This work aimed at creating patterns on model surfaces using DPN and soft lithography combined with titanium dioxide to create functional antibacterial micropatterned surfaces, which were tested against Streptococcus mutans. DPN was used to create a master pattern onto a model surface and microstamping was performed to duplicate and transfer such patterns to medical-grade stainless steel 316L using a suspension of TiO2. Modified SS316L plates were subjected to UVA black light as photocatalytic activator. Patterns were characterized by atomic force microscopy and biologically evaluated using S. mutans. A significant reduction of up to 60% in bacterial adhesion to TiO2 -coated and -micropatterned surfaces was observed. Moreover, both TiO2 surfaces reduced the viability of adhered bacteria after UV exposure. TiO2 micropatterned demonstrated a synergic effect between physical and chemical modification against S. mutans. This dual effect was enhanced by increasing TiO2 concentration. This novel approach may be a promising alternative to reduce bacterial adhesion to surfaces.
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30
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Birhanu BT, Park NH, Lee SJ, Hossain MA, Park SC. Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival via treatment with methyl gallate alone and in combination with marbofloxacin. Vet Res 2018; 49:101. [PMID: 30286813 PMCID: PMC6389159 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infects intestinal epithelia and macrophages, which is prevented by inhibiting adhesion and cell invasion. This study aimed to investigate the role of methyl gallate (MG) in adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cells via a gentamicin protection assay, confocal microscopy, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. MG (30 µg/mL) inhibited adhesion and invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium by 54.01% and 60.5% in RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. The combination of MG with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin (MRB) inhibited the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival by 70.49%, 67.36%, and 74%, respectively. Confocal microscopy further revealed reductions in bacterial count in Caco-2 cells treated with MG alone or with sub-MIC of MRB. Furthermore, MG alone or in combination with sub-MIC of MRB decreased the motility of Salmonella Typhimurium. Quorum sensing genes including sdiA, srgE, and rck were downregulated by 52.8%, 61.7%, and 22.2%, respectively. Moreover, rac-1 was downregulated by 56.9% and 71.9% for MG alone and combined with sub-MIC of MRB, respectively, in mammalian cells. Furthermore, MG downregulated virulence genes of Salmonella Typhimurium including cheY, ompD, sipB, lexA, and ompF by 59.6%, 60.2%, 20.5%, 31.4%, and 16.2%, respectively. Together, the present results indicate that MG alone or in combination with a sub-MIC of MRB effectively inhibited the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in vitro by downregulating quorum sensing and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Na-Hye Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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31
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Asadi A, Razavi S, Talebi M, Gholami M. A review on anti-adhesion therapies of bacterial diseases. Infection 2018; 47:13-23. [PMID: 30276540 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by bacteria are a foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The common strategy of treating bacterial infections is by local or systemic administration of antimicrobial agents. Currently, the increasing antibiotic resistance is a serious and global problem. Since the most important agent for infection is bacteria attaching to host cells, hence, new techniques and attractive approaches that interfere with the ability of the bacteria to adhere to tissues of the host or detach them from the tissues at the early stages of infection are good therapeutic strategies. METHODS All available national and international databanks were searched using the search keywords. Here, we review various approaches to anti-adhesion therapy, including use of receptor and adhesion analogs, dietary constituents, sublethal concentrations of antibiotics, and adhesion-based vaccines. RESULTS Altogether, the findings suggest that interference with bacterial adhesion serves as a new means to fight infectious diseases. CONCLUSION Anti-adhesion-based therapies can be effective in prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, but further work is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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32
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Qian Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Li Q, Guo G, Fu Y, Yao H, Lu C, Zhang W. SBP1 is an adhesion-associated factor without the involvement of virulence in Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Microb Pathog 2018; 122:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Douëllou T, Galia W, Kerangart S, Marchal T, Milhau N, Bastien R, Bouvier M, Buff S, Montel MC, Sergentet-Thevenot D. Milk Fat Globules Hamper Adhesion of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli to Enterocytes: In Vitro and in Vivo Evidence. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:947. [PMID: 29867855 PMCID: PMC5963252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC; E. coli) are food-borne agents associated with gastroenteritis, enterocolitis, bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Bovine milk glycans have been shown to contain oligosaccharides which are similar to host epithelial cell receptors and can therefore prevent bacterial adhesion. This study aimed to describe interactions between EHEC O157:H7 EDL933 and O26:H11 21765 and milk fat globules (MFGs) in raw milk and raw milk cheese, and the impact of MFGs on EHEC strains adhesion to the intestinal tract in vitro and in vivo. Both EHEC serotypes clearly associated with native bovine MFGs and significantly limited their adhesion to a co-culture of intestinal cells. The presence of MFGs in raw milk cheese had two effects on the adhesion of both EHEC serotypes to the intestinal tracts of streptomycin-treated mice. First, it delayed and reduced EHEC excretion in mouse feces for both strains. Second, the prime implantation site for both EHEC strains was 6 cm more proximal in the intestinal tracts of mice fed with contaminated cheese containing less than 5% of fat than in those fed with contaminated cheese containing 40% of fat. Feeding mice with 40% fat cheese reduced the intestinal surface contaminated with EHEC and may therefore decrease severity of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Douëllou
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Fromagères, Aurillac, France.,Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Wessam Galia
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Stéphane Kerangart
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Thierry Marchal
- UPSP ICE 2011.03.101 & CRB ANIM (ANR11.INBS.0003), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Nadège Milhau
- UPSP ICE 2011.03.101 & CRB ANIM (ANR11.INBS.0003), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Renaud Bastien
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marion Bouvier
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France.,Laboratoire d'Études des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes - French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli Including Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Samuel Buff
- UPSP ICE 2011.03.101 & CRB ANIM (ANR11.INBS.0003), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Marie-Christine Montel
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Fromagères, Aurillac, France
| | - Delphine Sergentet-Thevenot
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France.,Laboratoire d'Études des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes - French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli Including Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
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Klančnik A, Gobin I, Vučković D, Smole Možina S, Abram M, Jeršek B. Reduced contamination and infection via inhibition of adhesion of foodborne bacteria to abiotic polystyrene and biotic amoeba surfaces. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Braće Branchetta 20 Rijeka HR-51000 Croatia
| | - Darinka Vučković
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Braće Branchetta 20 Rijeka HR-51000 Croatia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Maja Abram
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Braće Branchetta 20 Rijeka HR-51000 Croatia
| | - Barbara Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
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Feeney S, Ryan JT, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Hickey R. Glycomacropeptide Reduces Intestinal Epithelial Cell Barrier Dysfunction and Adhesion of Entero-Hemorrhagic and Entero-Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Vitro. Foods 2017; 6:foods6110093. [PMID: 29077065 PMCID: PMC5704137 DOI: 10.3390/foods6110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the potential of glycosylated food components to positively influence health has received considerable attention. Milk is a rich source of biologically active glycoconjugates which are associated with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is the C-terminal portion of kappa-casein that is released from whey during cheese-making by the action of chymosin. Many of the biological properties associated with GMP, such as anti-adhesion, have been linked with the carbohydrate portion of the protein. In this study, we investigated the ability of GMP to inhibit the adhesion of a variety of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to HT-29 and Caco-2 intestinal cell lines, given the importance of E. coli in causing bacterial gastroenteritis. GMP significantly reduced pathogen adhesion, albeit with a high degree of species specificity toward enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains O125:H32 and O111:H2 and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain 12900 O157:H7. The anti-adhesive effect resulted from the interaction of GMP with the E. coli cells and was also dependent on GMP concentration. Pre-incubation of intestinal Caco-2 cells with GMP reduced pathogen translocation as represented by a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Thus, GMP is an effective in-vitro inhibitor of adhesion and epithelial injury caused by E. coli and may have potential as a biofunctional ingredient in foods to improve gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Feeney
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Thomas Ryan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Rita Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Terlizzi ME, Gribaudo G, Maffei ME. UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1566. [PMID: 28861072 PMCID: PMC5559502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pathological conditions in both community and hospital settings. It has been estimated that about 150 million people worldwide develop UTI each year, with high social costs in terms of hospitalizations and medical expenses. Among the common uropathogens associated to UTIs development, UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause. UPEC strains possess a plethora of both structural (as fimbriae, pili, curli, flagella) and secreted (toxins, iron-acquisition systems) virulence factors that contribute to their capacity to cause disease, although the ability to adhere to host epithelial cells in the urinary tract represents the most important determinant of pathogenicity. On the opposite side, the bladder epithelium shows a multifaceted array of host defenses including the urine flow and the secretion of antimicrobial substances, which represent useful tools to counteract bacterial infections. The fascinating and intricate dynamics between these players determine a complex interaction system that needs to be revealed. This review will focus on the most relevant components of UPEC arsenal of pathogenicity together with the major host responses to infection, the current approved treatment and the emergence of resistant UPEC strains, the vaccine strategies, the natural antimicrobial compounds along with innovative anti-adhesive and prophylactic approaches to prevent UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy
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Zhang XP, Lu CJ, Li YT, Yang X, Wang XW, Chang HT, Liu HY, Chen L, Zhao J, Wang CQ, Chang YF. In vitro adherence and invasion of primary chicken oviduct epithelial cells by Gallibacterium anatis. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Douëllou T, Montel M, Thevenot Sergentet D. Invited review: Anti-adhesive properties of bovine oligosaccharides and bovine milk fat globule membrane-associated glycoconjugates against bacterial food enteropathogens. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3348-3359. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Yuan F, Tan C, Liu Z, Yang K, Zhou D, Liu W, Duan Z, Guo R, Chen H, Tian Y, Bei W. The 1910HK/RR two-component system is essential for the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Liu X, Man H. Laser fabrication of Ag-HA nanocomposites on Ti6Al4V implant for enhancing bioactivity and antibacterial capability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Hu R, Huang Q, Wu K, Zhang L, Tang P, Lin C. Antibacterial and cytocompatible AgNPs constructed with the assistance of Mefp-1 for orthopaedic implants. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, Mefp-1 coating has been used in surface antibacterial and biocompatible modifications based on its multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Ren Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Cardiology
- The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University
- Zhangzhou
- China
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics
- General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing
- China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics
- General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing
- China
| | - Changjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
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42
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Yang H, Li G, Stansbury JW, Zhu X, Wang X, Nie J. Smart Antibacterial Surface Made by Photopolymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28047-28054. [PMID: 27696807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the use of photopolymerization technology, a facile and reliable method for in situ preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within PNIPAAm functional surfaces is presented as a means to achieve nonfouling, antibacterial films. The surface properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial and release properties of the surfaces were tested against E. coli: at 37 °C (above the LCST of PNIPAAm), the functional films facilitated the attachment of bacteria, which were then killed by the AgNPs. Changing temperature to 4 °C (below the LCST), swollen PNIPAAm chains led the release of dead bacteria. The results showed that AgNPs/PNIPAAm hybrid surfaces offer a "smart" antibacterial capability in response to the change of environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado , Denver, Colorado 80045, United States
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43
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Baothong S, Sitthisak S, Kunthalert D. In vitro interference of cefotaxime at subinhibitory concentrations on biofilm formation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Luo G, Huang L, Su Y, Qin Y, Xu X, Zhao L, Yan Q. flrA, flrB and flrC regulate adhesion by controlling the expression of critical virulence genes in Vibrio alginolyticus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e85. [PMID: 27485498 PMCID: PMC5034100 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion is an important virulence trait of Vibrio alginolyticus. Bacterial adhesion is influenced by environmental conditions; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown. The expression levels of flrA, flrB and flrC were significantly downregulated in adhesion-deficient V. alginolyticus strains cultured under Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and low-pH stresses. Silencing these genes led to deficiencies in adhesion, motility, flagellar assembly, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. The expression levels of fliA, flgH, fliS, fliD, cheR, cheV and V12G01_22158 (Gene ID) were significantly downregulated in all of the RNAi groups, whereas the expression levels of toxT, ctxB, acfA, hlyA and tlh were upregulated in flrA- and flrC-silenced groups. These genes play a key role in the virulence mechanisms of most pathogenic Vibrio species. Furthermore, the expression of flrA, flrB and flrC was significantly influenced by temperature, salinity, starvation and pH. These results indicate that (1) flrA, flrB and flrC are important for V. alginolyticus adhesion; (2) flrA, flrB and flrC significantly influence bacterial adhesion, motility, biofilm formation and EPS production by controlling expression of key genes involved in those phenotypes; and (3) flrA, flrB and flrC regulate adhesion in the natural environment with different temperatures, pH levels, salinities and starvation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
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45
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Šikić Pogačar M, Klančnik A, Bucar F, Langerholc T, Smole Možina S. Anti-adhesion activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) extract, thyme post-distillation waste, and olive (Olea europea L.) leaf extract against Campylobacter jejuni on polystyrene and intestine epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2723-2730. [PMID: 26304165 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to survive in food-processing environments and cause disease, Campylobacter jejuni requires specific survival mechanisms, such as biofilms, which contribute to its transmission through the food chain to the human host and present a critical form of resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobials. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis of thyme ethanolic extract (TE), thyme post-hydrodistillation residue (TE-R), and olive leaf extract (OE) using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array indicates that the major compounds in TE and TE-R are flavone glucuronides and rosmarinic acid derivatives, and in OE verbascoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and oleuroside. TE and TE-R reduced C. jejuni adhesion to abiotic surfaces by up to 30% at 0.2-12.5 µg mL(-1) , with TE-R showing a greater effect. OE from 3.125 to 200 µg mL(-1) reduced C. jejuni adhesion to polystyrene by 10-23%. On the other hand, C. jejuni adhesion to PSI cl1 cells was inhibited by almost 30% over a large concentration range of these extracts. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TE, the agro-food waste material TE-R, and the by-product OE represent sources of bioactive phytochemicals that are effective at low concentrations and can be used as therapeutic agents to prevent bacterial adhesion. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šikić Pogačar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Tomaž Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Maribor, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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Leire E, Amaral SP, Louzao I, Winzer K, Alexander C, Fernandez-Megia E, Fernandez-Trillo F. Dendrimer mediated clustering of bacteria: improved aggregation and evaluation of bacterial response and viability. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:998-1006. [PMID: 27127812 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we evaluate how cationic gallic acid-triethylene glycol (GATG) dendrimers interact with bacteria and their potential to develop new antimicrobials. We demonstrate that GATG dendrimers functionalised with primary amines in their periphery can induce the formation of clusters in Vibrio harveyi, an opportunistic marine pathogen, in a generation dependent manner. Moreover, these cationic GATG dendrimers demonstrate an improved ability to induce cluster formation when compared to poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide) [p(DMAPMAm)], a cationic linear polymer previously shown to cluster bacteria. Viability of the bacteria within the formed clusters and evaluation of quorum sensing controlled phenotypes (i.e. light production in V. harveyi) suggest that GATG dendrimers may be activating microbial responses by maintaining a high concentration of quorum sensing signals inside the clusters while increasing permeability of the microbial outer membranes. Thus, the reported GATG dendrimers constitute a valuable platform for the development of novel antimicrobial materials that can target microbial viability and/or virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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47
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Feng L, Zhu J, Chang H, Gao X, Gao C, Wei X, Yuan F, Bei W. The CodY regulator is essential for virulence in Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21241. [PMID: 26883762 PMCID: PMC4756307 DOI: 10.1038/srep21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main role of CodY, a global regulatory protein in most low G + C gram-positive bacteria, is in transcriptional repression. To study the functions of CodY in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2), a mutant codY clone named ∆codY was constructed to explore the phenotypic variation between ∆codY and the wild-type strain. The result showed that the codY mutation significantly inhibited cell growth, adherence and invasion ability of S. suis 2 to HEp-2 cells. The codY mutation led to decreased binding of the pathogen to the host cells, easier clearance by RAW264.7 macrophages and decreased growth ability in fresh blood of Cavia porcellus. The codY mutation also attenuated the virulence of S. suis 2 in BALB/c mice. Morphological analysis revealed that the codY mutation decreased the thickness of the capsule of S. suis 2 and changed the surface structures analylized by SDS-PAGE. Finally, the codY mutation altered the expressions of many virulence related genes, including sialic acid synthesis genes, leading to a decreased sialic acid content in capsule. Overall, mutation of codY modulated bacterial virulence by affecting the growth and colonization of S. suis 2, and at least via regulating sialic acid synthesis and capsule thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haitao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Hubei key laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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48
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Antibacterial Activity of Alanine-Derived Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015; 19:275-282. [PMID: 26949329 PMCID: PMC4764639 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of alanine-derived gemini quaternary ammonium salts (chlorides and bromides) with various spacer and alkyl chain lengths was investigated. The studied compounds exhibited a strong bactericidal effect, especially bromides with 10 and 12 carbon alkyl chains and 3 carbon spacer groups (TMPAL-10 Br and TMPAL-12 Br), with a short contact time. Both salts dislodged biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and were lethal to adherent cells of S. epidermidis. Bromide with 2 carbon spacer groups and 12 carbon alkyl chains (TMEAL-12 Br) effectively reduced microbial adhesion by coating polystyrene and silicone surfaces. The results obtained suggest that, after further studies, gemini QAS might be considered as antimicrobial agents in medicine or industry.
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Jahandeh N, Ranjbar R, Behzadi P, Behzadi E. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes: invaluable approaches for designing DNA microarray probes. Cent European J Urol 2015; 68:452-8. [PMID: 26855801 PMCID: PMC4742438 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2015.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathotypes of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause different types of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The presence of a wide range of virulence genes in UPEC enables us to design appropriate DNA microarray probes. These probes, which are used in DNA microarray technology, provide us with an accurate and rapid diagnosis and definitive treatment in association with UTIs caused by UPEC pathotypes. The main goal of this article is to introduce the UPEC virulence genes as invaluable approaches for designing DNA microarray probes. Material and methods Main search engines such as Google Scholar and databases like NCBI were searched to find and study several original pieces of literature, review articles, and DNA gene sequences. In parallel with in silico studies, the experiences of the authors were helpful for selecting appropriate sources and writing this review article. Results There is a significant variety of virulence genes among UPEC strains. The DNA sequences of virulence genes are fabulous patterns for designing microarray probes. The location of virulence genes and their sequence lengths influence the quality of probes. Conclusions The use of selected virulence genes for designing microarray probes gives us a wide range of choices from which the best probe candidates can be chosen. DNA microarray technology provides us with an accurate, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnostic method which is facilitated by designing microarray probes. Via these tools, we are able to have an accurate diagnosis and a definitive treatment regarding UTIs caused by UPEC pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Jahandeh
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Papadopoulou A, Howell A, Wiklund T. Inhibition ofFlavobacterium psychrophilumadhesionin vitro. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv203. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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