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Gao S, Zhang S, Sun J, He X, Xue S, Zhang W, Li P, Lin L, Qu Y, Ward-Fear G, Chen L, Li H. Nanoplastic pollution changes the intestinal microbiome but not the morphology or behavior of a freshwater turtle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173178. [PMID: 38750733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Humans produce 350 million metric tons of plastic waste per year, leading to microplastic pollution and widespread environmental contamination, particularly in aquatic environments. This subsequently impacts aquatic organisms in myriad ways, yet the vast majority of research is conducted in marine, rather than freshwater systems. In this study, we exposed eggs and hatchlings of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) to 80-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and monitored the impacts on development, behavior and the gut microbiome. We demonstrate that 80-nm PS-NPs can penetrate the eggshell and move into developing embryos. This led to metabolic impairments, as evidenced by bradycardia (a decreased heart rate), which persisted until hatching. We found no evidence that nanoplastic exposure affected hatchling morphology, growth rates, or levels of boldness and exploration, yet we discuss some potential caveats here. Exposure to nanoplastics reduced the diversity and homogeneity of gut microbiota in P. sinensis, with the level of disruption correlating to the length of environmental exposure (during incubation only or post-hatching also). Thirteen core genera (with an initial abundance >1 %) shifted after nanoplastic treatment: pathogenic bacteria increased, beneficial probiotic bacteria decreased, and there was an increase in the proportion of negative correlations between bacterial genera. These changes could have profound impacts on the viability of turtles throughout their lives. Our study highlights the toxicity of environmental NPs to the embryonic development and survival of freshwater turtles. We provide insights about population trends of P. sinensis in the wild, and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinni He
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaoshuai Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Longhui Lin
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanfu Qu
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Domínguez-Maqueda M, Espinosa-Ruíz C, Esteban MÁ, Alarcón FJ, Tapia-Paniagua ST, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MÁ. An ex vivo Approach in European Seabass Leucocytes Supports the in vitro Regulation by Postbiotics of Aip56 Gene Expression of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10255-x. [PMID: 38652230 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) is a probiotic strain assayed in aquaculture; however, its postbiotic potential is unknown. Postbiotics are bacterial metabolites, including extracellular products (ECPs) that improve host physiology and immunity. Their production and composition can be affected by different factors such as the growing conditions of the probiotics. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain Lg 41/01 (Phdp) is one of the most important pathogens in marine aquaculture. The major virulent factor of this bacterium is the exotoxin aip56, responsible for inducing apoptosis of fish leucocytes. Viable SpPdp11 cells have been reported to increase resistance to challenges with Phdp. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of two ECPs, T2348-ECP and FM1548-ECP, obtained from SpPdp11 grown under different culture conditions that previously demonstrated to exert different degradative and non-cytotoxic activities, as well as the effect on pathogens biofilm formation. These SpPdp11-ECPs were then analyzed by their effect on the viability, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and apoptogenic activity against European sea bass leucocytes infected or not with Phdp supernatant. Both ECPs, T2348-ECP and FM1548-ECP, were not cytotoxic against leucocytes and significantly reduced their apoptosis. Phagocytosis and respiratory burst of leucocytes were significantly reduced by incubation with Phdp supernatant, and not influenced by incubation with T2348-ECP or FM1548-ECP. However, both activities were significantly increased after leucocyte incubation with combined T2348-ECP and FM1548-ECP with Phdp supernatant, compared to those incubated only with Phdp supernatant. Finally, both T2348-ECP and FM1548-ECP significantly reduced the relative in vitro expression of the Phdp aip56 encoding gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
- Lifebioencapsulation SL, 0413-El Alquián, Almería, Spain
| | - Silvana T Tapia-Paniagua
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Amill F, Gauthier J, Rautio M, Derome N. Characterization of gill bacterial microbiota in wild Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) across lakes, rivers, and bays in the Canadian Arctic ecosystems. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0294323. [PMID: 38329329 PMCID: PMC10923216 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02943-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Teleost gill mucus has a highly diverse microbiota, which plays an essential role in the host's fitness and is greatly influenced by the environment. Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), a salmonid well adapted to northern conditions, faces multiple stressors in the Arctic, including water chemistry modifications, that could negatively impact the gill microbiota dynamics related to the host's health. In the context of increasing environmental disturbances, we aimed to characterize the taxonomic distribution of transcriptionally active taxa within the bacterial gill microbiota of Arctic char in the Canadian Arctic in order to identify active bacterial composition that correlates with environmental factors. For this purpose, a total of 140 adult anadromous individuals were collected from rivers, lakes, and bays belonging to five Inuit communities located in four distinct hydrologic basins in the Canadian Arctic (Nunavut and Nunavik) during spring (May) and autumn (August). Various environmental factors were collected, including latitudes, water and air temperatures, oxygen concentration, pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration. The taxonomic distribution of transcriptionally active taxa within the gill microbiota was quantified by 16S rRNA gene transcripts sequencing. The results showed differential bacterial activity between the different geographical locations, explained by latitude, salinity, and, to a lesser extent, air temperature. Network analysis allowed the detection of a potential dysbiosis signature (i.e., bacterial imbalance) in fish gill microbiota from Duquet Lake in the Hudson Strait and the system Five Mile Inlet connected to the Hudson Bay, both showing the lowest alpha diversity and connectivity between taxa.IMPORTANCEThis paper aims to decipher the complex relationship between Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and its symbiotic microbial consortium in gills. This salmonid is widespread in the Canadian Arctic and is the main protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids source for Inuit people. The influence of environmental parameters on gill microbiota in wild populations remains poorly understood. However, assessing the Arctic char's active gill bacterial community is essential to look for potential pathogens or dysbiosis that could threaten wild populations. Here, we concluded that Arctic char gill microbiota was mainly influenced by latitude and air temperature, the latter being correlated with water temperature. In addition, a dysbiosis signature detected in gill microbiota was potentially associated with poor fish health status recorded in these disturbed environments. With those results, we hypothesized that rapid climate change and increasing anthropic activities in the Arctic might profoundly disturb Arctic char gill microbiota, affecting their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Amill
- Institute of Integrative and Systems Biology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeff Gauthier
- Institute of Integrative and Systems Biology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Institute of Integrative and Systems Biology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Milián-Sorribes MC, Martínez-Llorens S, Peñaranda DS, Jauralde I, Jover-Cerdá M, Tomás-Vidal A. Growth, Survival, and Intestinal Health Alterations in Mediterranean Yellowtail ( Seriola dumerili) Due to Alternatives to Fishmeal and Fish Oil. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:753-772. [PMID: 38248351 PMCID: PMC10814527 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fishmeal and fish oil substitution in aquafeeds might have adverse effects on fish growth and health, mainly in carnivorous species, such as Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerili). Mediterranean yellowtail shows great potential as an alternative aquaculture species due to its fast growth and high price on the market, but the need for high-quality protein and fatty acid content in its diets is limiting its production. In order to improve the sustainability of its production, this study was conducted with 360 fish of 35 g to evaluate the effects on fish growth and health. Six diets were used: one control diet without replacement, three with FM replacement (FM66, FM33, and FM0) (33%, 66%, and 100% FM replacement), and two with FO replacement (FO50 and FO0) (50% and 100% FO replacement). The substitution of FM was with vegetable (VM) (corn gluten) and animal (AM) (krill and meat meal) meals. The reductions in FM and FO of up to 33 and 0%, respectively, did not affect the growth and survival of S. dumerili at the intestinal morphology level, except for the anterior intestine regarding the lower villi length and width and the posterior intestine regarding the lower width of the lamina propria. On the other hand, the substitution of fish ingredients in the diet affects liver morphology, indicating alterations in the major diameter of hepatocytes or their nuclei. Finally, diet did not affect the gut microbiota with respect to the control, but significant differences were found in alpha and beta diversity when FO and FM microbiota were compared. A 66% FM replacement and total FO replacement would be possible without causing major alterations in the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Llorens
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.M.-S.); (D.S.P.); (I.J.); (M.J.-C.); (A.T.-V.)
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5
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Moore B, Jolly J, Izumiyama M, Kawai E, Ravasi T, Ryu T. Tissue-specific transcriptional response of post-larval clownfish to ocean warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168221. [PMID: 37923256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenically driven climate change is predicted to increase average sea surface temperatures, as well as the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves in the future. This increasing temperature is predicted to have a range of negative physiological impacts on multiple life-stages of coral reef fish. Nevertheless, studies of early-life stages remain limited, and tissue-specific transcriptomic studies of post-larval coral reef fish are yet to be conducted. Here, in an aquaria-based study we investigate the tissue-specific (brain, liver, muscle, and digestive tract) transcriptomic response of post-larval (20 dph) Amphiprion ocellaris to temperatures associated with future climate change (+3 °C). Additionally, we utilized metatranscriptomic sequencing to investigate how the microbiome of the digestive tract changes at +3 °C. Our results show that the transcriptional response to elevated temperatures is highly tissue-specific, as the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene functions varied amongst the brain (102), liver (1785), digestive tract (380), and muscle (447). All tissues displayed DEGs associated with thermal stress, as 23 heat-shock protein genes were upregulated in all tissues. Our results indicate that post-larval clownfish may experience liver fibrosis-like symptoms at +3 °C as genes associated with extracellular matrix structure, oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose transport, and metabolism were all upregulated. We also observe a shift in the digestive tract microbiome community structure, as Vibrio sp. replace Escherichia coli as the dominant bacteria. This shift is coupled with the dysregulation of various genes involved in immune response in the digestive tract. Overall, this study highlights post-larval clownfish will display tissue-specific transcriptomic responses to future increases in temperature, with many potentially harmful pathways activated at +3 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Moore
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Jolly
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Michael Izumiyama
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Erina Kawai
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Taewoo Ryu
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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6
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Touraki M, Chanou A, Mavridou V, Tsertseli V, Tsiridi M, Panteris E. Administration of probiotics affects Artemia franciscana metanauplii intestinal ultrastructure and offers resistance against a Photobacterium damselae ssp . piscicida induced oxidative stress response. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100113. [PMID: 37671319 PMCID: PMC10475491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida (Phdp) on immune responses and intestinal ultrastructure of Artemia franciscana following infection and their amelioration by the probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis were evaluated. Pathogen growth inhibition in coculture with each probiotic and its virulence against Artemia were confirmed with an LC50 of 105 CFU mL-1. Phdp administration to Artemia at sublethal levels resulted in depletion of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and phenoloxidase activities, extensive lipid peroxidation and reduced survival. Following a combined administration of each probiotic and the pathogen, enzyme activities and survival were significantly higher, while lipid peroxidation was reduced, compared to the infected group with no probiotic treatment (P < 0.05). The transmission electron microscopy study revealed that pathogen infection resulted in disarranged and fragmented microvilli, formation of empty or pathogen containing cytoplasmic vacuoles and damaged mitochondria. In the probiotic-treated and Phdp-infected series, intestinal cells showed normal appearance, except for the presence of pathogen-containing vacuoles and highly ordered but laterally stacked microvilli. The results of the present study indicate that Phdp induces cell death through an oxidative stress response and probiotics enhance Artemia immune responses to protect it against the Phdp induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Anna Chanou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Mavridou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsertseli
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Maria Tsiridi
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Alfonso S, Mente E, Fiocchi E, Manfrin A, Dimitroglou A, Papaharisis L, Barkas D, Toomey L, Boscarato M, Losasso C, Peruzzo A, Stefani A, Zupa W, Spedicato MT, Nengas I, Lembo G, Carbonara P. Growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed an environmentally and economically sustainable low marine protein diet in sea cages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21269. [PMID: 38042956 PMCID: PMC10693626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The large use of fish meal/fish oil in carnivorous fish feeds is the main concern regarding environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of an innovative diet, designed to be (1) environmentally sustainable by lowering the marine protein content while being (2) cost effective by using sustainable alternative raw materials with acceptable cost and produced on an industrial scale, on growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a key species of the Mediterranean marine aquaculture, reared in sea cages. Results show that the specific growth rate of fish fed the low marine protein diet was significantly lower than those fed conventional diet (0.67% vs 0.69%). Fatty acid profile of fillets from fish fed a low marine protein diet presented significant lower n-6 and higher n-3 content when compared to conventional ones. Then, a significant increase in the abundance of Vibrio and reduction of Photobacterium were found in the gut of fish fed with the low marine protein diet but effects on sea bass health needs further investigation. Finally, no major health and welfare alterations for fish fed the low marine protein diet were observed, combined with a potential slight benefit related to humoral immunity. Overall, these results suggest that despite the low marine protein diet moderately affects growth performance, it nevertheless may enhance environmental and economic sustainability of the sea bass aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleonora Fiocchi
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arkadios Dimitroglou
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Barkas
- Department of Research and Development, AVRAMAR S.A., 19002, Paiania, Greece
| | | | - Marilena Boscarato
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Peruzzo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Stefani
- Laboratory Medicine Service, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Ioannis Nengas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
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Naudet J, d'Orbcastel ER, Bouvier T, Godreuil S, Dyall S, Bouvy S, Rieuvilleneuve F, Restrepo-Ortiz CX, Bettarel Y, Auguet JC. Identifying macroplastic pathobiomes and antibiotic resistance in a subtropical fish farm. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115267. [PMID: 37487429 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Macroplastics are ubiquitous in aquaculture ecosystems. However, to date the potential role of plastics as a support for bacterial biofilm that can include potential human pathogenic bacteria (PHPB) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) has been largely overlooked. In this study, we used a combination of metabarcoding and standard antibiotic susceptibility testing to study the pathobiome and resistome of macroplastics, fish guts and the environment in a marine aquaculture farm in Mauritius. Aquaculture macroplastics were found to be higher in PHPB, dominated by the Vibrionaceae family (0.34 % of the total community), compared with environmental samples. Moreover, isolates from aquaculture plastics showed higher significant multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) compared to non-plastic samples of seawater, sediment and fish guts. These results suggest that plastics act as a reservoir and fomite of PHPB and ARB in aquaculture, potentially threatening the health of farmed fish and human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Naudet
- UMR MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Roque d'Orbcastel
- UMR MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France; IOC, Indian Ocean Commission, Blue Tower, Rue de l'Institut, Ebène, Mauritius
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- UMR MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabrina Dyall
- Molecular Life Sciences Pole of Research Excellence, Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Simon Bouvy
- Ferme Marine de Mahébourg Ltd. Royal Road, Pointe aux Feuilles, Mauritius
| | | | | | - Yvan Bettarel
- UMR MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Rudenko O, Baseggio L, McGuigan F, Barnes AC. Transforming the untransformable with knockout minicircles: High-efficiency transformation and vector-free allelic exchange knockout in the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1374. [PMID: 37642481 PMCID: PMC10441182 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene inactivation studies are critical in pathogenic bacteria, where insights into species biology can guide the development of vaccines and treatments. Allelic exchange via homologous recombination is a generic method of targeted gene editing in bacteria. However, generally applicable protocols are lacking, and suboptimal approaches are often used for nonstandard but epidemiologically important species. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp) is a primary pathogen of fish in aquaculture and has been considered hard to transform since the mid-1990s. Consequently, conjugative transfer of RK2/RP4 suicide vectors from Escherichia coli S17-1/SM10 donor strains, a system prone to off-target mutagenesis, was used to deliver the allelic exchange DNA in previous studies. Here we have achieved efficient electrotransformation in Pdp using a salt-free highly concentrated sucrose solution, which performs as a hypertonic wash buffer, cryoprotectant, and electroporation buffer. High-efficiency transformation has enabled vector-free mutagenesis for which we have employed circular minimalistic constructs (knockout minicircles) containing only allelic exchange essentials that were generated by Gibson assembly. Preparation of competent cells using sucrose and electroporation/integration of minicircles had virtually no detectable off-target promutagenic effect. In contrast, a downstream sacB selection apparently induced several large deletions via mobilization of transposable elements. Electroporation of minicircles into sucrose-treated cells is a versatile broadly applicable approach that may facilitate allelic exchange in a wide range of microbial species. The method permitted inactivation of a primary virulence factor unique to Pdp, apoptogenic toxin AIP56, demonstrating the efficacy of minicircles for difficult KO targets located on the high copy number of small plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Rudenko
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laura Baseggio
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fynn McGuigan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew C. Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Rosado D, Canada P, Marques Silva S, Ribeiro N, Diniz P, Xavier R. Disruption of the skin, gill, and gut mucosae microbiome of gilthead seabream fingerlings after bacterial infection and antibiotic treatment. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad011. [PMID: 37389204 PMCID: PMC10306326 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the microbiome of fish mucosae provides functions related to immune response, digestion, or metabolism. Several biotic and abiotic factors help maintaining microbial homeostasis, with disruptions leading to dysbiosis. Diseases and antibiotic administration are known to cause dysbiosis in farmed fish. Pathogen infections greatly affect the production of gilthead seabream, and antibiotic treatment is still frequently required. Here, we employed a 16S rRNA high-throughput metataxonomics approach to characterize changes in the gut, skin, and gill microbiomes occurring due to infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and subsequent antibiotic treatment with oxytetracycline (OTC), as well as during recovery. Although microbiota response differed between studied tissues, overall changes in composition, diversity, structure, and predicted function were observed in all mucosae. The skin and gill microbiomes of diseased fish became largely dominated by taxa that have been frequently linked to secondary infections, whereas in the gut the genus Vibrio, known to include pathogenic bacteria, increased with OTC treatment. The study highlights the negative impacts of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbiome of farmed fish. Our results also suggest that fish transportation operations may have profound effects on the fish microbiome, but further studies are needed to accurately evaluate their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosado
- S2AQUA – Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Avenida Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paula Canada
- Corresponding author. Paula Canada, CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões. Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal, CMC; Centro de Maricultura da Calheta, Direcção Regional do Mar, Av. D. Manuel I, nº 7, 9370-135 Calheta, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Nuno Ribeiro
- MVAQUA – Serviços Médico Veterinários dedicados a Aquacultura, Av. do Parque de Campismo Lote 24, Fração C, 3840-264 Gafanha da Boa Hora, Portugal
| | - Pedro Diniz
- Marismar – Aquicultura Marinha, Lda, Rua do Cabrestante 28, 9000-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Raquel Xavier
- Raquel Xavier, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; E-mail:
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11
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Tian C, Jiang D, Hammer A, Sharpton T, Jiang Y. Compositional Graphical Lasso Resolves the Impact of Parasitic Infection on Gut Microbial Interaction Networks in a Zebrafish Model. J Am Stat Assoc 2023; 118:1500-1514. [PMID: 38143789 PMCID: PMC10746147 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2022.2164287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how microbes interact with each other is key to revealing the underlying role that microorganisms play in the host or environment and to identifying microorganisms as an agent that can potentially alter the host or environment. For example, understanding how the microbial interactions associate with parasitic infection can help resolve potential drug or diagnostic test for parasitic infection. To unravel the microbial interactions, existing tools often rely on graphical models to infer the conditional dependence of microbial abundances to represent their interactions. However, current methods do not simultaneously account for the discreteness, compositionality, and heterogeneity inherent to microbiome data. Thus, we build a new approach called "compositional graphical lasso" upon existing tools by incorporating the above characteristics into the graphical model explicitly. We illustrate the advantage of compositional graphical lasso over current methods under a variety of simulation scenarios and on a benchmark study, the Tara Oceans Project. Moreover, we present our results from the analysis of a dataset from the Zebrafish Parasite Infection Study, which aims to gain insight into how the gut microbiome and parasite burden covary during infection, thus uncovering novel putative methods of disrupting parasite success. Our approach identifies changes in interaction degree between infected and uninfected individuals for three taxa, Photobacterium, Gemmobacter, and Paucibacter, which are inversely predicted by other methods. Further investigation of these method-specific taxa interaction changes reveals their biological plausibility. In particular, we speculate on the potential pathobiotic roles of Photobacterium and Gemmobacter in the zebrafish gut, and the potential probiotic role of Paucibacter. Collectively, our analyses demonstrate that compositional graphical lasso provides a powerful means of accurately resolving interactions between microbiota and can thus drive novel biological discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Austin Hammer
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Thomas Sharpton
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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12
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Virulence Genes and In Vitro Antibiotic Profile of Photobacterium damselae Strains, Isolated from Fish Reared in Greek Aquaculture Facilities. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223133. [PMID: 36428362 PMCID: PMC9687077 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the species Photobacterium damselae are pathogens of cultured marine fish, causing diseases of high importance, such as Pasteurellosis. Thus, they are considered a major threat to the aquaculture sector. Despite the great importance of fish mariculture for the Greek economy, the distribution and abundance of these bacteria are not well documented in aquaculture units in Greece. Keeping this in mind, the scope of the present study was to investigate the presence, antibiotic profile, and virulence of Photobacterium bacteria originating from a representative sample of mariculture units throughout Greece. Samples were collected from diseased fish belonging to three different cultured fish species, namely Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Pagrus pagrus, from both the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. Tissue samples were cultured in agar media, and bacteria were molecularly identified using both bacterial universal and species-specific primer pairs for Photobacterium spp. Additionally, the identified strains were characterized for the presence of virulence genes as well as antibiotic profiles. According to the results, the aforementioned bacteria are distributed in the Greek aquaculture units and are characterized by high pathogenicity based on the abundance of virulence genes. Furthermore, the majority of the detected strains exhibit some level of antibiotic resistance. In summary, our results indicate the need for systematic surveillance and study of their antibiotic profiles in Greek aquaculture since these bacteria constitute a major threat to the sector.
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13
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Abdelsamad R, Al Disi Z, Abu-Dieyeh M, Al-Ghouti MA, Zouari N. Evidencing the role of carbonic anhydrase in the formation of carbonate minerals by bacterial strains isolated from extreme environments in Qatar. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11151. [PMID: 36311368 PMCID: PMC9614864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate, one of the most abundant minerals in the geological records is considered as primary source of the carbon reservoir. The role of microorganisms in the biotic precipitation of calcium carbonate has been extensively investigated, especially at extreme life conditions. In Qatar, Sabkhas which are microbial ecosystems housing biomineralizing bacteria, have been carefully studied as unique sites of microbial dolomite formation. Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2 is an important carbonate mineral forming oil reservoir rocks; however, dolomite is rarely formed in modern environments. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is present in many living organisms, performs interconversion between CO2 and the bicarbonate ion. Thus, carbonic anhydrase is expected to accelerate both carbonate rock dissolution and CO2 uptake at the same time, serving as carbonite source to carbonites-forming bacteria. This study gathered cross-linked data on the potential role of the carbonic anhydrase excreted by mineral-forming bacteria, isolated from two different extreme environments in Qatar. Dohat Faishakh Sabkha, is a hypersaline coastal Sabkha, from where various strains of the bacterium Virgibacillus were isolated. Virgibacillus can -not only-mediate carbonate mineral formation, but also contributes to magnesium incorporation into the carbonate minerals, leading to the formation of high magnesium calcite. The latter is considered as precursor for dolomite formation. In addition, bacterial strains isolated from marine sediments, surrounding coral reef in Qatar sea, would provide additional knowledge on the role of carbonic anhydrase in mineral formation. Here, the quantification of the two mostly described activities of carbonic anhydrase; esterase and hydration reactions were performed. Mineral-forming strains were shown to exhibit high activities as opposed to the non-forming minerals, which confirms the relation between the presence of active carbonic anhydrase combined with elevated metabolic activity and the biomineralizing potential of the bacterial strains. The highest specific intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity; as both esterase and hydration (i.e., 66 ± 3 and 583000 ± 39000 WAU/108 cells respectively), was evidenced in mineral-forming strains as opposed to non-mineral forming strains (i.e., 6 ±. 0.5 and 1223 ± 61 WAU/108cells) respectively. These findings would contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of microbially mediated carbonate precipitation. This role may be both in capturing CO2 as source of carbonate, and partial solubilization of the formed minerals allowing incorporation of Mg instead of calcium, before catalyzing again the formation of more deposition of carbonates.
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14
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Quero GM, Piredda R, Basili M, Maricchiolo G, Mirto S, Manini E, Seyfarth AM, Candela M, Luna GM. Host-associated and Environmental Microbiomes in an Open-Sea Mediterranean Gilthead Sea Bream Fish Farm. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02120-7. [PMID: 36205738 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gilthead seabream is among the most important farmed fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Several approaches are currently applied to assure a lower impact of diseases and higher productivity, including the exploration of the fish microbiome and its manipulation as a sustainable alternative to improve aquaculture practices. Here, using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, we explored the microbiome of farmed seabream to assess similarities and differences among microbial assemblages associated to different tissues and compare them with those in the surrounding environment. Seabream had distinct associated microbiomes according to the tissue and compared to the marine environment. The gut hosted the most diverse microbiome; different sets of dominant ASVs characterized the environmental and fish samples. The similarity between fish and environmental microbiomes was higher in seawater than sediment (up to 7.8 times), and the highest similarity (3.9%) was observed between gill and seawater, suggesting that gills are more closely interacting with the environment. We finally analyzed the potential connections occurring among microbiomes. These connections were relatively low among the host's tissues and, in particular, between the gut and the others fish-related microbiomes; other tissues, including skin and gills, were found to be the most connected microbiomes. Our results suggest that, in mariculture, seabream microbiomes reflect only partially those in their surrounding environment and that the host is the primary driver shaping the seabream microbiome. These data provide a step forward to understand the role of the microbiome in farmed fish and farming environments, useful to enhance disease control, fish health, and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Marina Quero
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy.
| | - Roberta Piredda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Marco Basili
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
- Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Maricchiolo
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Mirto
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Manini
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- Department of Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Candela
- Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
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15
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Gadoin E, Desnues C, Bouvier T, Roque D'orbcastel E, Auguet JC, Crochemore S, Adingra A, Bettarel Y. Tracking spoilage bacteria in the tuna microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6702722. [PMID: 36124730 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other seafood products, tuna is highly perishable and sensitive to microbial spoilage. Its consumption, whether fresh or canned, can lead to severe food poisoning due to the activity of specific microorganisms, including histamine-producing bacteria. Yet, many grey areas persist regarding their ecology, conditions of emergence, and proliferation in fish. In this study, we used 16S rRNA barcoding to investigate postmortem changes in the bacteriome of fresh and brine-frozen yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), until late stages of decomposition (i.e. 120 h). The results revealed that despite standard refrigeration storage conditions (i.e. 4°C), a diverse and complex spoilage bacteriome developed in the gut and liver. The relative abundance of spoilage bacterial taxa increased rapidly in both organs, representing 82% of the bacterial communities in fresh yellowfin tuna, and less than 30% in brine-frozen tuna. Photobacterium was identified as one of the dominant bacterial genera, and its temporal dynamics were positively correlated with histamine concentration in both gut and liver samples, which ultimately exceeded the recommended sanitary threshold of 50 ppm in edible parts of tuna. The results from this study show that the sanitary risks associated with the consumption of this widely eaten fish are strongly influenced by postcapture storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Gadoin
- MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 093 Place Eugène Bataillon 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Campus Technologique et Scientifique de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy - Bat. Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 093 Place Eugène Bataillon 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Roque D'orbcastel
- MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 093 Place Eugène Bataillon 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Auguet
- MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 093 Place Eugène Bataillon 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Crochemore
- MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 093 Place Eugène Bataillon 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoinette Adingra
- Centre de Recherche Océanologiques (CRO)- 29 rue des pêcheurs, Zone 3, Treichville, BP V 18 00225 Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Yvan Bettarel
- MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 093 Place Eugène Bataillon 34090, Montpellier, France
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16
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The Evolution of a Specialized, Highly Virulent Fish Pathogen through Gene Loss and Acquisition of Host-Specific Survival Mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0022222. [PMID: 35862683 PMCID: PMC9317898 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00222-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae comprises two subspecies, P. damselae subsp. damselae and P. damselae subsp. piscicida, that contrast remarkably despite their taxonomic relationship. The former is opportunistic and free-living but can cause disease in compromised individuals from a broad diversity of taxa, while the latter is a highly specialized, primary fish pathogen. Here, we employ new closed curated genome assemblies from Australia to estimate the global phylogenetic structure of the species P. damselae. We identify genes responsible for the shift from an opportunist to a host-adapted fish pathogen, potentially via an arthropod vector as fish-to-fish transmission was not achieved in repeated cohabitation challenges despite high virulence for Seriola lalandi. Acquisition of ShdA adhesin and of thiol peroxidase may have allowed the environmental, generalist ancestor to colonize zooplankton and to occasionally enter in fish host sentinel cells. As dependence on the host has increased, P. damselae has lost nonessential genes, such as those related to nitrite and sulfite reduction, urea degradation, a type 6 secretion system (T6SS) and several toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. Similar to the evolution of Yersinia pestis, the loss of urease may be the crucial event that allowed the pathogen to stably colonize zooplankton vectors. Acquisition of host-specific genes, such as those required to form a sialic acid capsule, was likely necessary for the emergent P. damselae subsp. piscicida to become a highly specialized, facultative intracellular fish pathogen. Processes that have shaped P. damselae subsp. piscicida from subsp. damselae are similar to those underlying evolution of Yersinia pestis from Y. pseudotuberculosis. IMPORTANCEPhotobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a ubiquitous marine bacterium and opportunistic pathogen of compromised hosts of diverse taxa. In contrast, its sister subspecies P. damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp) is highly virulent in fish. Pdp has evolved from a single subclade of Pdd through gene loss and acquisition. We show that fish-to-fish transmission does not occur in repeated infection models in the primary host, Seriola lalandi, and present genomic evidence for vector-borne transmission, potentially via zooplankton. The broad genomic changes from generalist Pdd to specialist Pdp parallel those of the environmental opportunist Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to vector-borne plague bacterium Y. pestis and demonstrate that evolutionary processes in bacterial pathogens are universal between the terrestrial and marine biosphere.
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17
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Pira H, Risdian C, Müsken M, Schupp PJ, Wink J. Photobacterium arenosum WH24, Isolated from the Gill of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas from the North Sea of Germany: Co-cultivation and Prediction of Virulence. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:219. [PMID: 35704100 PMCID: PMC9200695 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cream colored bacteria from marine agar, strain WH24, WH77, and WH80 were isolated from the gill of the Crassostrea gigas a Pacific oyster with a filter-feeding habit that compels accompanying bacteria to demonstrate a high metabolic capacity, has proven able to colonize locations with changing circumstances. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, all strains had high similarity to Photobacterium arenosum CAU 1568T (99.72%). This study involved phenotypic traits, phylogenetic analysis, antimicrobial activity evaluation, genome mining, Co-cultivation experiments, and chemical studies of crude extracts using HPLC and LC-HRESIMS. Photobacterium arenosum WH24 and Zooshikella harenae WH53Twere co-cultivated for 3 days in a rotary shaker at 160 rpm at 30 °C, and LC-MS monitored the chemical profiles of the co-cultures on the third day. The UV chromatograms of the extracts of the co-cultivation experiments show that Zooshikella harenae WH53T could be inhibited by strain WH24. The high virulence of Photobacterium arenosum WH24 was confirmed by genome analysis. Gene groups with high virulence potential were detected: tssA (ImpA), tssB (ImpB/vipA), tssC (ImpC/vipB), tssE, tssF (ImpG/vasA), tssG (ImpH/vasB), tssM (IcmF/vasK), tssJ (vasD), tssK (ImpJ/vasE), tssL (ImpK/vasF), clpV (tssH), vasH, hcp, lapP, plpD, and tpsB family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Pira
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Chandra Risdian
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wink
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
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18
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A Highly Unstable and Elusive Plasmid That Encodes the Type III Secretion System Is Necessary for Full Virulence in the Marine Fish Pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094729. [PMID: 35563122 PMCID: PMC9105992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp) causes photobacteriosis in fish and important financial losses in aquaculture, but knowledge of its virulence factors is still scarce. We here demonstrate that an unstable plasmid (pPHDPT3) that encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) is highly prevalent in Pdp strains from different geographical origins and fish host species. We found that pPHDPT3 undergoes curing upon in vitro cultivation, and this instability constitutes a generalized feature of pPHDPT3-like plasmids in Pdp strains. pPHDPT3 markers were detected in tissues of naturally-infected moribund fish and in the Pdp colonies grown directly from the fish tissues but were undetectable in a fraction of the colonies produced upon the first passage of the primeval colonies on agar plates. Notably, cured strains exhibited a marked reduction in virulence for fish, demonstrating that pPHDPT3 is a major virulence factor of Pdp. The attempts to stabilize pPHDPT3 by insertion of antibiotic resistance markers by allelic exchange caused an even greater reduction in virulence. We hypothesize that the existence of a high pressure to shed pPHDPT3 plasmid in vitro caused the selection of clones with off-target mutations and gene rearrangements during the process of genetic modification. Collectively, these results show that pPHDPT3 constitutes a novel, hitherto unreported virulence factor of Pdp that shows a high instability in vitro and warn that the picture of Pdp virulence genes has been historically underestimated, since the loss of the T3SS and other plasmid-borne genes may have occurred systematically in laboratories for decades.
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19
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Santos P, Peixoto D, Ferreira I, Passos R, Pires P, Simões M, Pousão-Ferreira P, Baptista T, Costas B. Short-Term Immune Responses of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Juveniles against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031561. [PMID: 35163486 PMCID: PMC8836189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacteriosis is a septicaemic bacterial disease affecting several marine species around the globe, resulting in significant economic losses. Although many studies have been performed related to the pathogen virulence and resistance factors, information regarding the host defence mechanisms activated once an infection takes place is still scarce. The present study was designed to understand innate immune responses of farmed juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) infection. Therefore, two groups of seabream juveniles were intraperitoneally injected with 100 µL of PBS (placebo) or 100 µL of exponentially growing Phdp (1 × 106 CFU/mL; infected). The blood, plasma, liver, and head kidney of six fish from each treatment were sampled immediately before infection and 3, 6, 9, 24 and 48 h after infection for the broad screening of fish immune and oxidative stress responses. Infected animals presented marked anaemia, neutrophilia and monocytosis, conditions that are correlated with an increased expression of genes related to inflammation and phagocytic activity. Similar studies with different fish species and bacteria can be useful for the definition of health biomarkers that might help fish farmers to prevent the occurrence of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Santos
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.P.); (I.F.)
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- MARE, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (B.C.); Tel.: +35-12-2340-1850 (P.S. & B.C.)
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.P.); (I.F.)
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Ferreira
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.P.); (I.F.)
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Passos
- MARE, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Pedro Pires
- MARE, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Marco Simões
- MARE, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhao, Portugal;
| | - Teresa Baptista
- MARE, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.P.); (I.F.)
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (B.C.); Tel.: +35-12-2340-1850 (P.S. & B.C.)
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20
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Lages MA, Lemos ML, Balado M. The Temperature-Dependent Expression of the High-Pathogenicity Island Encoding Piscibactin in Vibrionaceae Results From the Combined Effect of the AraC-Like Transcriptional Activator PbtA and Regulatory Factors From the Recipient Genome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:748147. [PMID: 34867865 PMCID: PMC8639528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.748147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pathogenicity island irp-HPI is widespread among Vibrionaceae encoding the piscibactin siderophore system. The expression of piscibactin genes in the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum is favored by low temperatures. However, information about the regulatory mechanism behind irp-HPI gene expression is scarce. In this work, in-frame deletion mutants of V. anguillarum defective in the putative regulators AraC1 and AraC2, encoded by irp-HPI, and in the global regulators H-NS and ToxRS, were constructed and their effect on irp-HPI gene expression was analyzed at 15 and 25°C. The results proved that only AraC1 (renamed as PbtA) is required for the expression of piscibactin biosynthesis and transport genes. PbtA inactivation led to an inability to grow under iron restriction, a loss of the outer membrane piscibactin transporter FrpA, and a significant decrease in virulence for fish. Inactivation of the global repressor H-NS, which is involved in silencing of horizontally acquired genes, also resulted in a lower transcriptional activity of the frpA promoter. Deletion of toxR-S, however, did not have a relevant effect on the expression of the irp-HPI genes. Therefore, while irp-HPI would not be part of the ToxR regulon, H-NS must exert an indirect effect on piscibactin gene expression. Thus, the temperature-dependent expression of the piscibactin-encoding pathogenicity island described in V. anguillarum is the result of the combined effect of the AraC-like transcriptional activator PbtA, harbored in the island, and other not yet defined regulator(s) encoded by the genome. Furthermore, different expression patterns were detected within different irp-HPI evolutionary lineages, which supports a long-term evolution of the irp-HPI genomic island within Vibrionaceae. The mechanism that modulates piscibactin gene expression could also be involved in global regulation of virulence factors in response to temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Lages
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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21
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Lattos A, Chaligiannis I, Papadopoulos D, Giantsis IA, Petridou EI, Vafeas G, Staikou A, Michaelidis B. How Safe to Eat Are Raw Bivalves? Host Pathogenic and Public Health Concern Microbes within Mussels, Oysters, and Clams in Greek Markets. Foods 2021; 10:2793. [PMID: 34829074 PMCID: PMC8623680 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw-bivalves consumption is a wide trend in Mediterranean countries. Despite the unambiguous nutritional value of seafood, raw consumption of bivalves may involve risks that could pose a significant threat to consumers' health. Their filter-feeding behavior is responsible for the potential hosting of a wide variety of microorganisms, either pathogenic for the bivalves or public health threats. Under this prism, the current study was conducted in an effort to evaluate the risk of eating raw bivalves originating from the two biggest seafood markets in Thessaloniki, the largest production area of bivalves in Greece. Both microbiological and molecular methodologies were applied in order to assess the presence of various harmful microbes, including noroviruses, Bonamia, Marteilia, Esherichia coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio. Results indicated the presence of several Vibrio strains in the analyzed samples, of which the halophilic Vibrio harveyi was verified by 16S rRNA sequencing; other than this, no enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. was detected. Furthermore, although Esherichia coli was detected in several samples, it was mostly below the European Union (EU) legislation thresholds. Interestingly, the non-target Photobacterium damselae was also detected, which is associated with both wound infections in human and aquatic animals. Regarding host pathogenic microorganisms, apart from Vibrio harveyi, the protozoan parasite Marteilia refrigens was identified in oysters, highlighting the continuous infection of this bivalve in Greece. In conclusion, bivalves can be generally characterized as a safe-to-eat raw food, hosting more bivalve pathogenic microbes than those of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lattos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ilias Chaligiannis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis A. Giantsis
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
| | - Evanthia I. Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Vafeas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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22
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Pham TH, Rao S, Cheng TC, Wang PC, Chen SC. The moonlighting protein fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a potential vaccine candidate against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104187. [PMID: 34186149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective, safe, and environmentally friendly method to prevent the outbreak of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), a dangerous pathogen in aquaculture worldwide. Here, recombinant proteins of catalase, superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba), and a mixture of all four proteins were investigated for their immunoprotective effects against photobacteriosis in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). After immunization, experimental fish showed an increase in specific antibody levels and lysozyme activities, especially the Fba group. After a lethal challenge with Phdp strain AOD105021, the Fba group achieved the highest relative percentage of survival rate (70.21%) and a significantly lower bacterial load in the spleens than other groups 3 days after infection. The results suggest that Fba is a good candidate for subunit vaccine development against photobacteriosis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shreesha Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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23
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Natnan ME, Mayalvanan Y, Jazamuddin FM, Aizat WM, Low CF, Goh HH, Azizan KA, Bunawan H, Baharum SN. Omics Strategies in Current Advancements of Infectious Fish Disease Management. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1086. [PMID: 34827079 PMCID: PMC8614662 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is an important industry globally as it remains one of the significant alternatives of animal protein source supplies for humankind. Yet, the progression of this industry is being dampened by the increasing rate of fish mortality, mainly the outbreak of infectious diseases. Consequently, the regress in aquaculture ultimately results in the economy of multiple countries being affected due to the decline of product yields and marketability. By 2025, aquaculture is expected to contribute approximately 57% of fish consumption worldwide. Without a strategic approach to curb infectious diseases, the increasing demands of the aquaculture industry may not be sustainable and hence contributing to the over-fishing of wild fish. Recently, a new holistic approach that utilizes multi-omics platforms including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is unraveling the intricate molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. This approach aims to provide a better understanding of how to improve the resistance of host species. However, no comprehensive review has been published on multi-omics strategies in deciphering fish disease etiology and molecular regulation. Most publications have only covered particular omics and no constructive reviews on various omics findings across fish species, particularly on their immune systems, have been described elsewhere. Our previous publication reviewed the integration of omics application for understanding the mechanism of fish immune response due to microbial infection. Hence, this review provides a thorough compilation of current advancements in omics strategies for fish disease management in the aquaculture industry. The discovery of biomarkers in various fish diseases and their potential advancement to complement the recent progress in combatting fish disease is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.E.N.); (Y.M.); (F.M.J.); (W.M.A.); (C.-F.L.); (H.-H.G.); (K.A.A.); (H.B.)
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24
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Ponce M, Zuasti E, Reales E, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Evaluation of an oral DNA nanovaccine against photobacteriosis in Solea senegalensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:157-168. [PMID: 34358703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of social and economical losses in world aquaculture. Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is an important species for aquaculture in southern Europe, whose production is affected by the appearance of bacterial diseases such as photobacteriosis, a septicemia caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp). The aim of this study was to obtain an oral DNA nanovaccine and to evaluate its efficacy against Phdp in S. senegalensis juveniles. For this purpose, the amplified product corresponding to the protein inosine-5'-monophophate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) from Phdp, was cloned into the expression vector pcDNA™6.2/C-EmGFP-GW obtaining the DNA vaccine named as pPDPimpdh. The correct transcription and protein expression was verified at 48 h post tansfection in HEK293 cells. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation and their features were appropriate for use as oral delivery system. Therefore, pPDPimpdh was protected with chitosan CS-TPP NPs throughout complex coacervation method giving as a result a DNA nanovaccine referred as CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. Sole juveniles were vaccinated orally with CS-TPP NPs, pPDPimpdh and CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs followed by a challenge with Phdp at 30 days post vaccination (dpv). The relative percentage survival (RPS) for pPDPimpdh vaccinated groups was 6.25%, probably due to its degradation in the digestive tract. RPS value obtained for CS-TPP NPs and CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs was 40% and antibodies were observed in both cases. However, a delay in mortality was observed in sole juveniles vaccinated orally with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. In fact, an upregulation of tf, mhcII, cd8a and igm in the posterior gut and c3, hamp1, tf and cd4 in spleen was observed in juveniles vaccinated with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. After challenge, a modulation of cd8a and cd4 expression levels in the posterior gut and c3, tf, lyg, cd4, igm and igt expression levels in spleen was observed. Moreover, the concentration of lysozyme in skin mucus significantly increased in fish vaccinated orally with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs at 11 dpc. These data indicate that oral vaccination with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs could be acting through the non-specific immune responses as well as the specific humoral and cell mediated immunity and provide the first step toward a development of an oral DNA nanovaccine against Phdp in sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zuasti
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elena Reales
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Cadiz, and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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25
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Zhuo LC, Chen CF, Lin YH. Dietary supplementation of fermented lemon peel enhances lysozyme activity and susceptibility to Photobacterium damselae for orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:248-252. [PMID: 34418556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The waste recycling of lemon peel, as a functional feed additive in aquafeed was evaluated by estimating the effects of fermented lemon peel (FLP) supplementation in diet on growth performance, innate immune responses, and susceptibility to Photobacterium damselae of grouper, Epinephelus coioides. A basal diet was added FLP at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. Four tested diets were each fed to juvenile grouper (initial weight: 15.89 ± 0.10 g, triplicate groups) in a recirculation rearing system for eight weeks. Fish fed diets with 0%-3% FLP exhibited higher (p < 0.05) final weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency than fish fed the 5% FLP-diet. After challenge test, fish fed the 3% FLP-diet appeared the lowest mortality, followed by fish fed the 1% FLP-diet, and lowest in fish fed 0% and 5% FLP-diets. Plasma lysozyme activities were higher in fish fed diets with FLP than in fish fed the FLP-free control diet before challenge test. After challenge, fish fed diets with 1% and 3% FLP showed highest lysozyme activities, followed by fish fed the diet with 5% FLP, and lowest in fish fed the control diet. Hepatic malondialdehyde content was higher in fish fed the control diet than in fish fed diets with 1%-3% FLP. Results found that diets supplemented with 1%-3% fermented lemon peel can enhance lysozyme activity and resistance to pathogen P. damselae of grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Zhuo
- Department of Aquaculture National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan, ROC; Symlong Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. 4 F, No. 8, Yuanxi 2nd Road, Changzhi, Pingtung, 908, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Aquaculture National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan, ROC.
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26
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Cascarano MC, Stavrakidis-Zachou O, Mladineo I, Thompson KD, Papandroulakis N, Katharios P. Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:1205. [PMID: 34578236 PMCID: PMC8466566 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Cascarano
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Biology Center of Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Nikos Papandroulakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
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27
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Perry CT, Pratte ZA, Clavere-Graciette A, Ritchie KB, Hueter RE, Newton AL, Fischer GC, Dinsdale EA, Doane MP, Wilkinson KA, Bassos-Hull K, Lyons K, Dove ADM, Hoopes LA, Stewart FJ. Elasmobranch microbiomes: emerging patterns and implications for host health and ecology. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:61. [PMID: 34526135 PMCID: PMC8444439 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) are of broad ecological, economic, and societal value. These globally important fishes are experiencing sharp population declines as a result of human activity in the oceans. Research to understand elasmobranch ecology and conservation is critical and has now begun to explore the role of body-associated microbiomes in shaping elasmobranch health. Here, we review the burgeoning efforts to understand elasmobranch microbiomes, highlighting microbiome variation among gastrointestinal, oral, skin, and blood-associated niches. We identify major bacterial lineages in the microbiome, challenges to the field, key unanswered questions, and avenues for future work. We argue for prioritizing research to determine how microbiomes interact mechanistically with the unique physiology of elasmobranchs, potentially identifying roles in host immunity, disease, nutrition, and waste processing. Understanding elasmobranch–microbiome interactions is critical for predicting how sharks and rays respond to a changing ocean and for managing healthy populations in managed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron T Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Zoe A Pratte
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Kim B Ritchie
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, Beaufort, SC, USA
| | - Robert E Hueter
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA.,OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Alisa L Newton
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - G Christopher Fischer
- OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA.,Marine Science Research Institute, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dinsdale
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Michael P Doane
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Krystan A Wilkinson
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA.,Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program ℅ Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Kim Bassos-Hull
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Kady Lyons
- Research and Conservation Department, Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alistair D M Dove
- Research and Conservation Department, Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa A Hoopes
- Research and Conservation Department, Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank J Stewart
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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28
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Mugetti D, Varello K, Pastorino P, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Prearo M. Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Farm. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081014. [PMID: 34451479 PMCID: PMC8401025 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no available effective therapy or vaccine, a prompt search for routes of entry is key to limiting the damage induced by the disease. Here we report a case of mycobacteriosis follow up in a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farm located in Northern Italy, in which environmental samples and newly added fish batches were analyzed. Samples from fish present on the farm, sediment, and periphyton all resulted positive for M. marinum, whereas the new fish batches and the water samples resulted negative. The environmental resistance of NTM (alcohol-acid resistance, biofilm formation) and the lack of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies make these diseases difficult to manage. Prompt identification of biotic and abiotic reservoirs, combined with good zootechnical hygiene practices, are the most effective measures to control fish mycobacteriosis in intensive farms.
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Zrnčić S, Vendramin N, Boutrup TS, Boye M, Madsen L, Nonneman B, Brnić D, Oraić D. First description and diagnostics of disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) from Croatia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1033-1042. [PMID: 33754342 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Necropsy revealed pale liver, empty digestive tract, distended gall bladder, and hyperaemia and congestion of the meninges. Routine bacteriological examination tested negative, and virological examination ruled out nodavirus infection. Histological examination revealed multifocal necrosis and extensive inflammation in the brain with abundant cellular debris in the ventricles. Inflammatory cells displayed intra-cytoplasmic basophilic vacuoles leading to suspicion of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe targeting Domain Bacterium applied to tissue sections tested positive. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of brain material, and the sequence showed 99% similarity with P. salmonis. This result enabled the design of an oligonucleotide probe specifically targeting P. salmonis. In 2016, P. salmonis was successfully isolated on CHAB from the brain of an affected specimen and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF. This study describes the first outbreak of disease caused by P. salmonis in sea bass in Croatia, while new diagnostic tools will enable further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niccolò Vendramin
- Unit for Fish and Shellfish Diseases, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU AQUA, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Boye
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lone Madsen
- Unit for Fish and Shellfish Diseases, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU AQUA, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bettina Nonneman
- Unit for Fish and Shellfish Diseases, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU AQUA, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Baseggio L, Silayeva O, Buller N, Landos M, Englestädter J, Barnes AC. Complete, closed and curated genome sequences of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolates from Australia indicate mobilome-driven localized evolution and novel pathogenicity determinants. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000562. [PMID: 33885359 PMCID: PMC8208687 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in sequencing technologies, the complete assembly of multi-chromosome genomes of the Vibrionaceae, often containing several plasmids, remains challenging. Using a combination of Oxford Nanopore MinION long reads and short Illumina reads, we fully sequenced, closed and curated the genomes of two strains of a primary aquatic pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated in Australia. These are also the first genome sequences of P. damselae subsp. piscicida isolated in Oceania and, to our knowledge, in the Southern hemisphere. We also investigated the phylogenetic relationships between Australian and overseas isolates, revealing that Australian P. damselae subsp. piscicida are more closely related to the Asian and American strains rather than to the European ones. We investigated the mobilome and present new evidence showing that a host specialization process and progressive adaptive evolution to fish are ongoing in P. damselae subsp. piscicida, and are largely mediated by transposable elements, predominantly in chromosome 2, and by plasmids. Finally, we identified two novel potential virulence determinants in P. damselae subsp. piscicida - a chorismate mutase gene, which is ubiquitously retained and co-localized with the AIP56 apoptogenic toxin-encoding gene on the pPHDP10 plasmid, and transfer-messenger RNA gene ssrA located on the main chromosome, homologous to a critical-to-virulence determinant in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Our study describes, to our knowledge, the only fully closed and manually curated genomes of P. damselae subsp. piscicida available to date, offering new insights into this important fish pathogen and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baseggio
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oleksandra Silayeva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicky Buller
- Diagnostic and Laboratory Services (DDLS), Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Matt Landos
- Future Fisheries Veterinary Services, East Ballina, New South Wales 2478, Australia
| | - Jan Englestädter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- *Correspondence: Andrew C. Barnes,
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Lascu I, Mereuță I, Chiciudean I, Hansen H, Avramescu SM, Tănase A, Stoica I. Complete genome sequence of Photobacterium ganghwense C2.2: A new polyhydroxyalkanoate production candidate. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1182. [PMID: 33970538 PMCID: PMC8087987 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable bioplastics that can be manufactured sustainably and represent a promising green alternative to petrochemical-based plastics. Here, we describe the complete genome of a new marine PHA-producing bacterium-Photobacterium ganghwense (strain C2.2), which we have isolated from the Black Sea seashore. This new isolate is psychrotolerant and accumulates PHA when glycerol is provided as the main carbon source. Transmission electron microscopy, specific staining with Nile Red visualized via epifluorescence microscopy and gas chromatography analysis confirmed the accumulation of PHA. This is the only PHA-producing Photobacterium for which we now have a complete genome sequence, allowing us to investigate the pathways for PHA production and other secondary metabolite synthesis pathways. The de novo assembly genome, obtained using open-source tools, comprises two chromosomes (3.5, 2 Mbp) and a megaplasmid (202 kbp). We identify the entire PHA synthesis gene cluster that encodes a class I PHA synthase, a phasin, a 3-ketothiolase, and an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase. No conventional PHA depolymerase was identified in strain C2.2, but a putative lipase with extracellular amorphous PHA depolymerase activity was annotated, suggesting that C2.2 is unable to degrade intracellular PHA. A complete pathway for the conversion of glycerol to acetyl-CoA was annotated, in accordance with its ability to convert glycerol to PHA. Several secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and a low number of genes involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence were also identified, indicating the strain's suitability for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lascu
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Ioana Mereuță
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Iulia Chiciudean
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Hilde Hansen
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Sorin Marius Avramescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and CatalysisFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Ana‐Maria Tănase
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
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Lisboa J, Pereira C, Rifflet A, Ayala J, Terceti MS, Barca AV, Rodrigues I, Pereira PJB, Osorio CR, García-Del Portillo F, Gomperts Boneca I, do Vale A, Dos Santos NMS. A Secreted NlpC/P60 Endopeptidase from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Cleaves the Peptidoglycan of Potentially Competing Bacteria. mSphere 2021; 6:e00736-20. [PMID: 33536321 PMCID: PMC7860986 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00736-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall, forming a mesh-like structure enwrapping the bacteria that is essential for maintaining structural integrity and providing support for anchoring other components of the cell envelope. PG biogenesis is highly dynamic and requires multiple enzymes, including several hydrolases that cleave glycosidic or amide bonds in the PG. This work describes the structural and functional characterization of an NlpC/P60-containing peptidase from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative bacterium that causes high mortality of warm-water marine fish with great impact for the aquaculture industry. PnpA ( PhotobacteriumNlpC-like protein A) has a four-domain structure with a hydrophobic and narrow access to the catalytic center and specificity for the γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid bond. However, PnpA does not cleave the PG of Phdp or PG of several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species. Interestingly, it is secreted by the Phdp type II secretion system and degrades the PG of Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus This suggests that PnpA is used by Phdp to gain an advantage over bacteria that compete for the same resources or to obtain nutrients in nutrient-scarce environments. Comparison of the muropeptide composition of PG susceptible and resistant to the catalytic activity of PnpA showed that the global content of muropeptides is similar, suggesting that susceptibility to PnpA is determined by the three-dimensional organization of the muropeptides in the PG.IMPORTANCE Peptidoglycan (PG) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall formed by long chains of two alternating sugars interconnected by short peptides, generating a mesh-like structure that enwraps the bacterial cell. Although PG provides structural integrity and support for anchoring other components of the cell envelope, it is constantly being remodeled through the action of specific enzymes that cleave or join its components. Here, it is shown that Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, a bacterium that causes high mortality in warm-water marine fish, produces PnpA, an enzyme that is secreted into the environment and is able to cleave the PG of potentially competing bacteria, either to gain a competitive advantage and/or to obtain nutrients. The specificity of PnpA for the PG of some bacteria and its inability to cleave others may be explained by differences in the structure of the PG mesh and not by different muropeptide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lisboa
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cassilda Pereira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aline Rifflet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France
- INSERM Groupe Avenir, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR "Integrated and Molecular Microbiology," Paris, France
| | - Juan Ayala
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateus S Terceti
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba V Barca
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inês Rodrigues
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- Biomolecular Structure Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France
- INSERM Groupe Avenir, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR "Integrated and Molecular Microbiology," Paris, France
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M S Dos Santos
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens (SpPdp11) as a Fish Health Modulator: A Review. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121990. [PMID: 33327443 PMCID: PMC7764857 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is considered one of the largest food production sectors in the world. Probiotics have long been considered as a beneficial tool in this industry since these microorganisms improve the welfare of different fish species by modulating several physiological functions, such as metabolism, digestion, immune response, stress tolerance, and disease resistance, among others. SpPdp11, a probiotic isolated from the skin of healthy gilthead seabream, has been the center of attention in a good number of studies since its discovery. The purpose of this paper is to summarize, comment, and discuss the current knowledge related to the effects of SpPdp11 in two commercially important fish species in aquaculture (gilthead seabream and Senegalese sole). Furthermore, some considerations for future studies are also indicated.
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El-Son MAM, Elbahnaswy S, Ibrahim I. Molecular and histopathological characterization of Photobacterium damselae in naturally and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1505-1517. [PMID: 32984991 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortality has occurred among cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on fish farms in Manzala, Dakahlia province, Egypt, in the summer season, 2019. Moribund fish were reported with deep ulcers, septicaemic lesions and sampled for bacterial isolation. In this study, most isolates were subjected to bacteriological examination, antibiotic sensitivity test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histopathological examination. Following isolate identification, intraperitoneal challenge of Nile tilapia with a bacterial suspension 2 × 106 CFU/ml was performed. Samples from liver, spleen and kidney were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed a high similarity (99%) to Photobacterium damselae strains using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. P. damselae exhibited resistance to amoxicillin and erythromycin, as well it was highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and doxycycline. Moreover, haemorrhage, oedema, hemosiderosis and melanomacrophage activation in the liver and head kidney of infected fish were detected by light and electron microscopy. Also, significant higher levels of CAT and SOD in the spleen and head kidney, as well as the serum levels of NO were observed in experimentally challenged O. niloticus, compared to the control fish. Our data identified P. damselae for the first time from infected Nile tilapia, describing its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics, histopathological alterations and oxidative stress impact, and it could be useful indicators for understanding P. damselae pathogenesis, which might provide a preventive efficacy for P. damselae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A M El-Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Matanza XM, Osorio CR. Exposure of the Opportunistic Marine Pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae to Human Body Temperature Is a Stressful Condition That Shapes the Transcriptome, Viability, Cell Morphology, and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1771. [PMID: 32849395 PMCID: PMC7396505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd), an important pathogen for marine animals, is also an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause fatal necrotizing fasciitis. The regulatory changes triggered by the temperature shift experienced by this marine pathogen upon entering the human body, are completely unknown. Here we report an RNA-seq approach combined with phenotypical assays to study the response of Pdd to cultivation at 37°C in comparison to 25°C. We found that cultivation of a Pdd highly virulent strain for fish and mice, RM-71, at 37°C, initially enhanced bacterial growth in comparison to 25°C as evidenced by the increase in optical density. However, cells were found to undergo a progressive loss of viability after 6 h cultivation at 37°C, and no viable cells could be detected from 30 h cultures at 37°C. In contrast, at 25°C, viable cell counts achieved the highest values at 30 h cultivation. Cells grown at 25°C showed normal rod morphology by scanning electron microscopy analysis whereas cells grown at 37°C exhibited chain-like structures and aberrant long shapes suggesting a defect in daughter cell separation and in septum formation. Cells grown at 37°C also exhibited reduced tolerance to benzylpenicillin. Using a RNA-seq approach we discovered that growth at 37°C triggered a heat-shock response, whereas genes involved in motility and virulence were repressed including iron acquisition systems, the type two secretion system, and damselysin toxin, a major virulence factor of Pdd. Human isolates did not exhibit advantage growing at 37°C compared to fish isolates, and comparative genomics did not reveal gene markers specific of human isolates, suggesting that any Pdd genotype existing in the marine environment might potentially cause disease in humans. Altogether, these data indicate that the potential of Pdd to cause disease in humans is an accidental condition rather than a selected trait, and that human body temperature constitutes a stressful condition for Pdd. This study provides the first transcriptome profile of Pdd exposed at human body temperature, and unveils a number of candidate molecular targets for prevention and control of human infections caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé M Matanza
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Pham TH, Cheng TC, Wang PC, Chen SC. Genotypic diversity, and molecular and pathogenic characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from different fish species in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:757-774. [PMID: 32419196 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photobacteriosis, caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), is a serious disease in marine fish species worldwide. To date, the epidemiological characterization of this pathogen in Taiwan remains limited. In this study, we collected 39 Phdp isolates obtained from different farmed fish for phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Phenotype bioassays using API-20E and API-20NE systems showed that the Phdp is a homogeneous group. However, genotyping using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique revealed genetic variability among Phdp isolates when 13 and 11 different PFGE band patterns were obtained with SmaI and NotI as restriction enzymes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA and the Fur gene clustered Taiwanese isolates and other species of P. damselae in the same clade. In contrast, the ToxR phylogenetic tree, a powerful discriminatory marker, separated the two subspecies. Furthermore, the virulence-associated genes, AIP56, P55, PDP_0080, Sod and Irp1, were detected from all isolates. Virulence testing with nine representative isolates in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) showed that some were highly pathogenic with 80%-100% mortality rates. This study provides epidemiological data of Phdp infections in farmed fish in Taiwan, which is necessary to develop comprehensive prevention and control strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Minich JJ, Petrus S, Michael JD, Michael TP, Knight R, Allen EE. Temporal, Environmental, and Biological Drivers of the Mucosal Microbiome in a Wild Marine Fish, Scomber japonicus. mSphere 2020; 5:e00401-20. [PMID: 32434844 PMCID: PMC7380571 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00401-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing ocean conditions driven by anthropogenic activities may have a negative impact on fisheries by increasing stress and disease. To understand how environment and host biology drives mucosal microbiomes in a marine fish, we surveyed five body sites (gill, skin, digesta, gastrointestinal tract [GI], and pyloric ceca) from 229 Pacific chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, collected across 38 time points spanning 1 year from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier (La Jolla, CA). Mucosal sites had unique microbial communities significantly different from the surrounding seawater and sediment communities with over 10 times more total diversity than seawater. The external surfaces of skin and gill were more similar to seawater, while digesta was more similar to sediment. Alpha and beta diversity of the skin and gill was explained by environmental and biological factors, specifically, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, and fish age, consistent with an exposure gradient relationship. We verified that seasonal microbial changes were not confounded by regional migration of chub mackerel subpopulations by nanopore sequencing a 14,769-bp region of the 16,568-bp mitochondria across all temporal fish specimens. A cosmopolitan pathogen, Photobacterium damselae, was prevalent across multiple body sites all year but highest in the skin, GI, and digesta between June and September, when the ocean is warmest. The longitudinal fish microbiome study evaluates the extent to which the environment and host biology drives mucosal microbial ecology and establishes a baseline for long-term surveys linking environment stressors to mucosal health of wild marine fish.IMPORTANCE Pacific chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, are one of the largest and most economically important fisheries in the world. The fish is harvested for both human consumption and fish meal. Changing ocean conditions driven by anthropogenic stressors like climate change may negatively impact fisheries. One mechanism for this is through disease. As waters warm and chemistry changes, the microbial communities associated with fish may change. In this study, we performed a holistic analysis of all mucosal sites on the fish over a 1-year time series to explore seasonal variation and to understand the environmental drivers of the microbiome. Understanding seasonality in the fish microbiome is also applicable to aquaculture production for producers to better understand and predict when disease outbreaks may occur based on changing environmental conditions in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Minich
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Semar Petrus
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Todd P Michael
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Meron D, Davidovich N, Ofek‐Lalzar M, Berzak R, Scheinin A, Regev Y, Diga R, Tchernov D, Morick D. Specific pathogens and microbial abundance within liver and kidney tissues of wild marine fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:770-780. [PMID: 32059079 PMCID: PMC7111072 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is an initial description and discussion of the kidney and liver microbial communities of five common fish species sampled from four sites along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea shoreline. The goals of the present study were to establish a baseline dataset of microbial communities associated with the tissues of wild marine fish, in order to examine species-specific microbial characteristics and to screen for candidate pathogens. This issue is especially relevant due to the development of mariculture farms and the possible transmission of pathogens from wild to farmed fish and vice versa. Although fish were apparently healthy, 16S rRNA NGS screening identified three potential fish bacterial pathogens: Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus iniae. Based on the distribution patterns and relative abundance, 16 samples were classified as potential pathogenic bacteria-infected samples (PPBIS). Hence, PPBIS prevalence was significantly higher in kidneys than in liver samples and variation was found between the fish species. Significant differences were observed between fish species, organs and sites, indicating the importance of the environmental conditions on the fish microbiome. We applied a consistent sampling and analytical method for monitoring in long-term surveys which may be incorporated within other marine fish pathogens surveys around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Meron
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | | | | | - Ran Berzak
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Aviad Scheinin
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Yael Regev
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Rei Diga
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Danny Morick
- Morris Kahn Marine Research StationDepartment of Marine BiologyLeon H. Charney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
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39
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Li CH, Xiong JB, Ding FF, Chen J. Immune and gut bacterial successions of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) during Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:176-183. [PMID: 32018034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea, LYC) aquaculture is being threatened by intensive infectious diseases. Relevant studies have focused on LYC immune responses to infection. By contrast, little is known how and to what extent the gut microbiota responds to infection. Here, we explored the interactions between LYC immune responses and gut bacterial communities during Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection. P. plecoglossicida successfully colonized into LYC gut microbiota, resulting in an increasing mortality rate. Relative gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α1, TNF-α2 and IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were consistently and significantly induced by P. plecoglossicida infection, whereas non-specific immune enzymes activities were only enhanced at the early infection stages. P. plecoglossicida infection caused an irreversible disruption in the gut microbiota, of which infection and hours post infection constrained 16.2% and 5.6% variations, respectively. In addition, top 18 discriminatory taxa that were responsible for the difference between treatments were identified, whose abundances were significantly associated with the immune activities of LYC. Using a structural equation modeling (SEM), we found that gut bacterial communities were primarily governed by the conjointly direct (-0.33) and indirect (0) effects of infection, which subsequently affect host immune responses. Our results suggest that an irreversible dysbiosis in gut microbiota could be the causality of increasing mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide an integrated overview among pathogen infection, immune response and gut microbiota of LYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jin-Bo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Fei-Fei Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Valderrama K, Balado M, Rey-Varela D, Rodríguez J, Vila-Sanjurjo A, Jiménez C, Lemos ML. Outer membrane protein FrpA, the siderophore piscibactin receptor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, as a subunit vaccine against photobacteriosis in sole (Solea senegalensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:723-729. [PMID: 31580933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photobacteriosis caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp) remains one of the main infectious diseases affecting cultured fish in Mediterranean countries. Diverse vaccine formulations based in the use of inactivated bacterial cells have been used with unsatisfactory results, especially in newly cultured species like sole (Solea senegalensis). In this work, we describe the use of the outer membrane receptor (FrpA) of the siderophore piscibactin produced by Pdp as a novel subunit vaccine against photobacteriosis. FrpA has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli under an arabinose-inducible promoter. A recombinant protein (rFrpA) containing the pelB localization signal and a His tag was constructed to obtain a pure native form of the protein from E. coli outer membranes. The immunogenicity of rFrpA, and its protective effect against photobacteriosis, was tested by i.p. injection of 30 μg of the protein, mixed with Freund's adjuvant, in sole fingerlings with two immunizations separated by 30 days. Results showed that using either pure rFrpA or whole cells as immobilized antigens in ELISA assays, rFrpA induces the production of specific antibodies in sole. An experimental infection using fish vaccinated with rFrpA or formalin-killed whole cells of Pdp showed that both groups were protected against Pdp infection at similar levels, with no significant differences, reaching RPS values of 73% and 79%, respectively. Thus, FrpA constitutes a promising antigen candidate for the development of novel more effective vaccines against fish photobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Valderrama
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain; Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Diego Rey-Varela
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain
| | - Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain.
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain.
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
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Labella AM, Rosado JJ, Balado M, Lemos ML, Borrego JJ. Virulence properties of three new Photobacterium species affecting cultured fish. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:37-50. [PMID: 31505106 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several virulence factors of three new Photobacterium species: Photobacterium toruni, Photobacterium malacitanum and Photobacterium andalusiense associated with diseases of cultured redbanded seabream (Pagrus auriga) were studied. The exoenzymatic activities, adherence and cytotoxic capabilities, and iron-uptake mechanisms were determined both in bacterial extracellular products (ECP) and whole bacterial cells. The histopathology damages provoked on redbanded seabream by the ECP was also studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The highest exoenzymatic activities of the ECP were alkaline- and acid-phosphatase, phosphohydrolase and lipase. The ECP were strongly lethal for fish at 4-96 h post-inoculation (p.i). Histological changes were evident at 96 hpi of ECP, affecting head kidney, splenic parenchyma and heart. Cytotoxicity assays, on three fish lines and one human cell line, were conducted using whole bacterial cells and their ECP. The new species tested were cytotoxic only for fish cell lines using whole bacterial cells. Bacterial adherence showed an adherence index moderate on CHSE-214 cell line. All strains showed variable haemolytic activity, and were able to grow under iron-limiting conditions, although the CAS reactivitiy was very low. However, all strains produced high amounts of extracelullar citrate that could be used as iron carrier, and use haem as iron source, except the P. toruni strains because a deletion in the genomic region encoding this ability in all Vibrionaceae members. CONCLUSIONS The toxic activity of the bacterial ECPs was thermolabile, and not associated with their thermoresistant lipopolysaccharide content. The virulence of the strains tested could not be related to the haemolytic activity. Iron uptake could be based on the use of endogenous citrate as iron carrier and P. toruni lacks the ability to use haem as iron source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study analyses for the first time the virulence properties of three new species of Photobacterium pathogenic for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Labella
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J J Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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42
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Pečur Kazazić S, Topić Popović N, Strunjak-Perović I, Florio D, Fioravanti M, Babić S, Čož-Rakovac R. Fish photobacteriosis-The importance of rapid and accurate identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1201-1209. [PMID: 31192462 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS was tested for the identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on isolates grown on two media, cultured at three incubation times and applied on the target plate by the direct sample spotting (DS), by the on-target extraction (OTE) and by the full extraction (FE) method, in triplicates. The identification of samples grown on blood agar (BA) outperformed identification on tryptic soya agar (TSA) by 0.64% for DS and OTE. The OTE gave the highest scores in both culture media, all incubation times and replicates. Reliable 24-hr species identification was 61.54%, 84.61% and 53.85% for samples grown on TSA and identified by DS, OTE and FE, respectively. For isolates grown on BA, they were 76.92%, 96.15% and 30.77%, respectively. When identified by OTE, the 48-hr identification was 93.58%, but for 72 hr declined to 71.79%. The reliable identification with the highest score from the first measurement was 100% only for OTE from BA (24 hr), whereas OTE from TSA gave 84.61% (24 hr), 76.92% (48 hr) and 84.61% (72 hr). The reliable MALDI-TOF MS identification of Ph. damselae subsp. piscicida is incubation time, media, target plate preparation and replicate-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Pečur Kazazić
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalija Topić Popović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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43
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Ellul RM, Walde C, Haugland GT, Wergeland H, Rønneseth A. Pathogenicity of Pasteurella sp. in lumpsuckers (Cyclopterus lumpus L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:35-46. [PMID: 30311669 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of disease caused by Pasteurella sp. in farmed lumpsuckers in Norway has been steadily increasing in recent years, causing significant economic losses and fish welfare issues. The disease affects all life stages, both in hatcheries and after release into salmon cages. Therefore, it is important to establish robust challenge models, to be used for vaccine development. Exposure experiments via intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection underlined the high virulence of the bacteria, whereas the cohabitation and bath models allowed the chronic symptoms of the disease to be studied more accurately. Skin lesions and haemorrhage at the base of fins were observed in the more acute cases of the disease. Symptoms including white spots over the skin, especially around the eyes, characterized the chronic cases. The latter were most prominent from the bath challenge model. Histopathology indicated a systemic pattern of disease, whereas qPCR analysis from head kidney showed that bacteria may be present in survivor fish at the end of the challenges. In all the challenge models investigated, Pasteurella sp. was re-isolated from the fish, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. These findings highlight the importance of screening of lumpsuckers prior to transfer to minimize the risks of carrying over asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilie Walde
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Heidrun Wergeland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anita Rønneseth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Transcription of IVIAT and Virulence Genes in Photobacterium damselae Subsp. piscicida Infecting Solea senegalensis. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030067. [PMID: 30002314 PMCID: PMC6163594 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is responsible for disease outbreaks in marine aquaculture worldwide. Solea senegalensis, a valuable fish species for aquaculture in the south of Europe, is frequently affected by this pathogen. It is well established that bacteria respond to environmental signals and, in the case of pathogens, this ability may determine the outcome of their interaction with the host. Determination of gene expression under in vivo conditions constitutes a valuable tool in the assessment of microbial pathogenesis. Considering that different hosts may represent different environments for the pathogen, expression of Phdp virulence and in vivo induced antigen (IVIAT) genes during S. senegalensis infection has been determined in the present work. Increased transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in iron acquisition (Irp1, Irp2, HutB and HutD), oxidative stress defence (AhpC and Sod), adhesion (PDP_0080), toxins (AIP56) and metabolism (Impdh, Shmt and AlaRS) were detected in Phdp infecting S. senegalensis head kidney or liver. The highest increases corresponded to genes involved in survival under iron limiting conditions and oxidative stress, indicating their essential role during infection of sole. Results obtained give insight into Phdp virulence strategies and contribute to the identification of promising targets for the control of photobacteriosis.
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45
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Tran HB, Lee YH, Guo JJ, Cheng TC. De novo transcriptome analysis of immune response on cobia (Rachycentron canadum) infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida revealed inhibition of complement components and involvement of MyD88-independent pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:120-130. [PMID: 29578048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, one of the most important aquatic species in Taiwan, has suffered heavy losses from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, which is the causal agent of photobacteriosis. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of livers and spleens from Pdp-infected and non-infected cobia were obtained for the first time by Illumina-based paired-end sequencing method with a focus on immune-related genes. In total, 164,882 high quality unigenes were obtained in four libraries. Following Pdp infection, 7302 differentially expressed unigenes from liver and 8600 differentially expressed unigenes from spleen were identified. Twenty-seven of the differently expressed genes were further validated by RT-qPCR (average correlation coefficient 0.839, p-value <0.01). Results indicated a negative regulation of complement components and increased expression of genes involved in MyD88-independent pathway. Moreover, a remarkable finding was the increased expression of IL-10, implying an inadequacy of immune responses. This study not only characterized several putative immune pathways, but also provided a better understanding of the molecular responses to photobacteriosis in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Bao Tran
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lee
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Ju Guo
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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46
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Madonia A, Melchiorri C, Bonamano S, Marcelli M, Bulfon C, Castiglione F, Galeotti M, Volpatti D, Mosca F, Tiscar PG, Romano N. Computational modeling of immune system of the fish for a more effective vaccination in aquaculture. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:3065-3071. [PMID: 28549079 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation A computational model equipped with the main immunological features of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) immune system was used to predict more effective vaccination in fish. The performance of the model was evaluated by using the results of two in vivo vaccinations trials against L. anguillarum and P. damselae. Results Tests were performed to select the appropriate doses of vaccine and infectious bacteria to set up the model. Simulation outputs were compared with the specific antibody production and the expression of BcR and TcR gene transcripts in spleen. The model has shown a good ability to be used in sea bass and could be implemented for different routes of vaccine administration even with more than two pathogens. The model confirms the suitability of in silico methods to optimize vaccine doses and the immune response to them. This model could be applied to other species to optimize the design of new vaccination treatments of fish in aquaculture. Availability and implementation The method is available at http://www.iac.cnr.it/∼filippo/c-immsim/. Contact nromano@unitus.it. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Madonia
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristiano Melchiorri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonamano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Marcelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bulfon
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Italy
| | | | - Marco Galeotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Francesco Mosca
- Institute of Applied Computing "M.Picone", CNR, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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47
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Egerton S, Culloty S, Whooley J, Stanton C, Ross RP. The Gut Microbiota of Marine Fish. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:873. [PMID: 29780377 PMCID: PMC5946678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The body of work relating to the gut microbiota of fish is dwarfed by that on humans and mammals. However, it is a field that has had historical interest and has grown significantly along with the expansion of the aquaculture industry and developments in microbiome research. Research is now moving quickly in this field. Much recent focus has been on nutritional manipulation and modification of the gut microbiota to meet the needs of fish farming, while trying to maintain host health and welfare. However, the diversity amongst fish means that baseline data from wild fish and a clear understanding of the role that specific gut microbiota play is still lacking. We review here the factors shaping marine fish gut microbiota and highlight gaps in the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Egerton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Culloty
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason Whooley
- Bio-marine Ingredients Ireland Ltd., Killybegs, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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48
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Carraro R, Dalla Rovere G, Ferraresso S, Carraro L, Franch R, Toffan A, Pascoli F, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L. Development of a real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in fish tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:247-254. [PMID: 28857188 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of a rapid and accurate method for the diagnosis of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), able to discriminate its strictly correlated subsp. damselae (Phdd), formally known as Vibrio damsela, is essential for managing fish pasteurellosis outbreaks in farmed fish. A single-step, high-sensitivity real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection and quantification of P. damselae was designed targeting partial of the sequence of the bamB gene and tested for specificity and sensitivity on laboratory-generated samples as well as on experimentally infected seabream tissue samples. With a limit of detection (LOD) of one copy in pure bacterial DNA, the sensitivity was higher than all methods previously reported. Validation in target and non-target bacterial species proved the assay was able to discriminate Phdd-Phdp subspecies from diverse hosts/geographical origins and between non-target species. In addition, two SNPs in the target amplicon region determine two distinctive qPCR dissociation curves distinguishing between Phdp-Phdd. This is the first time that a molecular method for P. damselae diagnosis combines detection, quantification and subspecies identification in one step. The assay holds the potential to improve the knowledge of infection dynamics and the development of better strategies to control an important fish disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - R Franch
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Toffan
- Fish Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Crustacean and Mollusc Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Pascoli
- Fish Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Crustacean and Mollusc Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Potential Antibacterial Activity of Marine Macroalgae against Pathogens Relevant for Aquaculture and Human Health. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.4.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Eissa IAM, Derwa HI, Ismail M, El-Lamie M, Dessouki AA, Elsheshtawy H, Bayoumy EM. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Photobacterium damselae among some marine fishes in Lake Temsah. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:315-322. [PMID: 29225092 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae species are one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens in mariculture worldwide. Some species of Photobacterium are pathogenic for marine animals and human. They are the causative agents of photobacteriosis, formerly known as pasteurellosis. A total of (202) marine fishes of three different species were represented as: seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), seabream (Sparus aurata) and gray mullet (Mugil capitus) randomly collected from Lake Temsah at Ismailia governorate along the parallel Pelagic road to the lake in the governorate from August 2015 to July 2016. The clinical picture and gross lesions of the diseased fishes were recorded. Isolation and identification of suspected bacteria using traditional and molecular methods. Samples from affected organs were collected for studying the histopathological alterations of these pathogens. Fifty one fishes were found to be infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida. Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the most infected fish species (23), followed by seabream (Sparus aurata) (18) finally gray mullet (Mugil capitus) was (10). 91fishes were found to be infected with P. damselae subsp. damselae, seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the most infected fish sp. (36), followed by seabream (Sparus aurata) (32), then gray mullet (Mugil capitus) (23). The results indicated that, the total prevalence of P. damselae subsp. piscicida in all examined species (25.24%), the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer season (37.09%) followed by autumn (26%) then spring (20.37%) and winter (11.11%). On the other hand, the total prevalence of P. damselae subsp. damselae in all examined species (45.04%), the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer season (67.74%) followed by autumn (52%) then spring (29.62%) and winter (19.44%). Molecular diagnosis with conventional PCR used to confirm the traditional isolation was applied by using specific primers of two genes (polycapsular saccharide gene and urease C gene). The histopathological studies of naturally infected marine fishes showed severe inflammatory reactions in different organs with accumulation of melanomacrophages and necrosis. The results confirm that P. damselae subspecies damsalea is the most prevalent pathogen between marine fishes, and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the highly affected marine fishes in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A M Eissa
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - H I Derwa
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Mona Ismail
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Maather El-Lamie
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Pathology Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Hassnaa Elsheshtawy
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Bayoumy
- Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Biology Department, Girls Science College, IAU, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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