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Luckmann MR, Ferreira MAS, da Silva NM, Nazari EM. Developmental toxicity of pyriproxyfen induces changes in the ultrastructure of neural cells and in the process of skull ossification. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:260-272. [PMID: 38268486 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Some studies relate the use of pyriproxyfen (PPF) in drinking water with damage to embryonic neurodevelopment, including a supposed association with cases of microcephaly. However, the effects on neural cells and skull ossification in embryos remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of PPF on the structure and ultrastructure of brain cells and its influence on the skull ossification process during embryonic development. Chicken embryos, used as an experimental model, were exposed to concentrations of 0.01 and 10 mg/l PPF at E1. The findings demonstrated that PPF led to notable ultrastructural alterations such as reduced cilia and microvilli of ependymal cells and damage to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and cell membranes in neural cells. The frequency of changes and the degree of these cell damage between the forebrain and midbrain were similar. PPF induced a reduction in fox3 transcript levels, specific for differentiation of neurons, and a reduction in the NeuN protein content related to mature neurons and dendritic branches. PPF impacted the ossification process of the skull, as evidenced by the increase in the ossified area and the decrease in inter-bone spacing. In conclusion, this study highlights the ability of PPF to affect neurodevelopmental processes by inducing ultrastructural damage to neural cells, concomitant with a reduction in NeuN and fox3 expression. This detrimental impact coupled with deficiencies in skull ossification can prevent the proper growth and development of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Roberto Luckmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Méllanie Amanda Silva Ferreira
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Norma Machado da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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2
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Naderi N, Souri M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Hajian M, Nazem MN. Ferulago angulata extract alleviates testicular toxicity in male mice exposed to diazinon and lead. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102257. [PMID: 37924715 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Ferulago angulata extract (FAE) against the reproductive toxicants Diazinon (DZN) and Lead (Pb) in mice. These pollutants are known to induce oxidative stress (OS), while FAE acts as a natural antioxidant. Adult male NMRI mice were exposed to DZN, Pb, and DZN+Pb, with or without FAE treatment for six weeks. We evaluated OS markers, testicular histology, and expression of mRNA related to enzymatic antioxidants. Exposure to DZN and Pb led to increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the testes, along with a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was altered. However, when FAE was administered concurrently, it restored the biochemical parameters to normal levels, reduced the toxic effects of DZN and Pb, and provided protection against testicular histopathological injury. These findings suggest that FAE has the potential to serve as a protective agent against oxidative damage caused by contaminants in reproductive organs, specifically in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushin Naderi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Souri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Nazem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Soliman HAM, Salaah SM, Hamed M, Sayed AEDH. Toxicity of co-exposure of microplastics and lead in African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279382. [PMID: 37869502 PMCID: PMC10588188 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to freshwater ecosystems with several ecotoxicological ramifications for fish. Microplastics (MPs) can adsorb heavy metals on their surfaces and increase their availability to aquatic organisms. The combined impact of lead and microplastics on fish has only been studied seldom utilizing a variety of markers. The present study aimed to evaluate the hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory signals (cytokines), as well as antioxidant enzymes in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to lead (Pb) and MPs individually and combined for 15 days (acute toxicity experiment). The fish were split into four groups, the first of which was the control group. The second group received exposure to 1 mg/L of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2]. The third group was given 100 mg/L of MPs. A solution containing 100 mg/L of MPs and 1 mg/L of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] was administered to the fourth group (the combination group). According to the findings, when MPs and Pb were combined for 15 days, the red blood cells (RBCs), thrombocytes, and lymphocytes were significantly reduced in comparison to the control fish. When compared to the control fish, the fish exposed to MPs and Pb alone or together showed a significant rise in blood interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokines. Both MPs and Pb exposure in catfish resulted in significant changes in the plasma electrolytes. The fish treated with MPs and Pb individually or in combination showed significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. The fish exposed to the combined action of MPs and Pb showed a considerable modification in all biochemical markers. The difference in the mean concentration of Pb (mg/L) between the fish exposed to Pb alone and the fish subjected to Pb and MPs combination was not statistically significant. In conclusion, according to this investigation, exposure to Pb caused an insignificant increase in Pb accumulation when MPs were present. However, co-exposure may result in anemia, cellular harm, extremely high levels of oxidative stress, and an inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally M. Salaah
- Fresh Water Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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4
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Rahman ANA, Elkhadrawy BA, Mansour AT, Abdel-Ghany HM, Yassin EMM, Elsayyad A, Alwutayd KM, Ismail SH, Mahboub HH. Alleviating Effect of a Magnetite (Fe 3O 4) Nanogel against Waterborne-Lead-Induced Physiological Disturbances, Histopathological Changes, and Lead Bioaccumulation in African Catfish. Gels 2023; 9:641. [PMID: 37623096 PMCID: PMC10453935 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is an important issue owing to its harmful influence on fish. Hence, this study is a pioneer attempt to verify the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a magnetite (Fe3O4) nanogel (MNG) in mitigating waterborne lead (Pb) toxicity in African catfish. Fish (n = 160) were assigned into four groups for 45 days. The first (control) and second (MNG) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L-1 of MNG in water. The third (Pb) and fourth (MNG + Pb) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L-1 of MNG in water and 69.30 mg L-1 of Pb. In vitro, the MNG caused a dramatic drop in the Pb level within 120 h. The Pb-exposed group showed the lowest survival (57.5%) among the groups, with substantial elevations in hepato-renal function and lipid peroxide (MDA). Moreover, Pb exposure caused a remarkable decline in the protein-immune parameters and hepatic antioxidants, along with higher Pb residual deposition in muscles and obvious histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, adding aqueous MNG to Pb-exposed fish relieved these alterations and increased survivability. Thus, MNG is a novel antitoxic agent against Pb toxicity to maintain the health of C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Basma Ahmed Elkhadrawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | | | - Asmaa Elsayyad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameh H. Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Giza 12588, Egypt;
| | - Heba H. Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xie H, Wang J, Zhang X, Shi Z, Liu Y. Protective effect of selenomethionine on kidney injury induced by ochratoxin A in rabbits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29874-29887. [PMID: 36417076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of selenomethionine (SeMet) on ochratoxin A (OTA)-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. In total, sixty Ira rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (the control group, OTA group, 0. 2 mg/kg SeMet + OTA group, 0. 4 mg/kg SeMet + OTA group, and 0. 6 mg/kg SeMet + OTA group). The rabbits were fed diets supplemented with different doses of SeMet for 21 days and given 0. 2 mg/kg OTA starting on day 15 for a week. The results showed that the SeMet supplementation could improve the changes in blood physiological indices and renal function decline caused by OTA poisoning, and alleviate pathological kidney injury in the rabbits. SeMet also increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species and the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the damaged kidneys of the rabbits. In addition, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was also inhibited after OTA poisoning, while SeMet activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and the downstream gene HO-1. In conclusion, SeMet protected against kidney injury caused by OTA in rabbits, and the mechanism may be the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Zhangyu Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China.
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6
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Li J, Li X, Zhang Z, Cheng W, Liu G, Zhao G. High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Disorder of Glucose Metabolism Caused by Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Experimental Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040816. [PMID: 36832892 PMCID: PMC9956890 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological research has demonstrated that the increase in high fat consumption has promoted the morbidity of diabetes. Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (such as chlorpyrifos) may also increase the risk of diabetes. Although chlorpyrifos is a frequently detected organophosphorus pesticide, the interaction effect between chlorpyrifos exposure and a high-fat diet on glucose metabolism is still unclear. Thus, the effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on glucose metabolism in rats eating a normal-fat diet or a high-fat diet were investigated. The results demonstrated that the glycogen content in the liver decreased and that the glucose content increased in chlorpyrifos-treated groups. Remarkably, the ATP consumption in the chlorpyrifos-treatment group was promoted in the rats eating a high-fat diet. However, chlorpyrifos treatment did not change the serum levels of insulin and glucagon. Notably, the contents of liver ALT and AST changed more significantly in the high-fat chlorpyrifos-exposed group than in the normal-fat chlorpyrifos-exposed group. Chlorpyrifos exposure caused an increase in the liver MDA level and a decrease in the enzyme activities of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD, and the changes were more significant in the high-fat chlorpyrifos-treatment group. The results indicated that chlorpyrifos exposure led to disordered glucose metabolism in all dietary patterns as a result of antioxidant damage in the liver, in which a high-fat diet may have aggravated its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiude Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weilong Cheng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Huhhot 013757, China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Huhhot 013757, China
- Correspondence:
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Minassa VS, Aitken AV, Hott SC, de Sousa GJ, Batista TJ, Gonçalves RDCR, Coitinho JB, Paton JFR, Beijamini V, Bissoli NS, Sampaio KN. Intermittent exposure to chlorpyrifos results in cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology 2022; 482:153357. [PMID: 36341877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Forbidden in some countries due to its proven toxicity to humans, chlorpyrifos (CPF) still stands as an organophosphate pesticide (OP) highly used worldwide. Cardiotoxicity assessment is an unmet need in pesticide regulation and should be deeply studied through different approaches to better inform and generate an appropriate regulatory response to OP use. In the present study, we used our 4-week intermittent OP exposure model in rats to address the CPF effects on cardiac morphology allied with cardiovascular functional and biomolecular evaluation. Rats were intermittently treated with CPF at doses of 7 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg or saline (i.p.) and assessed for cardiac morphology (cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen content), cardiopulmonary Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) function, cardiac autonomic tone, left ventricle (LV) contractility, cardiac expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and cardiac levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and brainstem acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also measured. Intermittent exposure to CPF induced cardiac hypertrophy, increasing cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen content. An impairment of cardioinhibitory BJR responses and an increase in cardiac vagal tone were also observed in CPF-treated animals without changes in LV contractility. CPF exposure increased cardiac Nox-2, CAT, SOD1, and TBARS levels and inhibited plasma BuChE and brainstem AChE activities. Our data showed that intermittent exposure to CPF induces cardiac hypertrophy together with cardiovascular reflex impairment, imbalance of autonomic tone and oxidative stress, which may bring significant cardiovascular risk to individuals exposed to OP compounds seasonally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Sampaio Minassa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Andrew Vieira Aitken
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sara Cristina Hott
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Glauciene Januário de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Thatiany Jardim Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Ribeiro Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Coitinho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Julian Francis Richmond Paton
- The Centre for Heart Research - Manaaki Mānawa, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton Campus, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Beijamini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Karla Nívea Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Tahmasebi K, Jafari M, Heydari J, Asgari A, Salehi M, Khazaie S, Abedini MS. Tissues toxicity attenuation by vitamin E on oxidative damage induced by diazinon. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2022; 37:e2022036-0. [PMID: 36916049 PMCID: PMC10014748 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides such as diazinon (DZN) are used worldwide in industry, veterinary practice, and agriculture. They may induce oxidative stress in different tissues. The use of antioxidants can protect tissues against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic roles of vitamin E against DZN-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in various tissues of male Wistar rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: Control group received only corn oil as DZN solvent, DZN group received 100 mg/kg of DZN, E group received 150 mg/kg of vitamin E, E-DZN group received vitamin E and then dosed with DZN and DZN-E group received DZN and then dosed with vitamin E. All injections were carried out intraperitoneally. Plasma and various tissues were prepared and evaluated. Results showed that acute administration of DZN caused a significant induction of oxidative damage in the tested tissues via increased malondialdehyde level and some plasma biochemical indices, depletion of glutathione (GSH), reduced cholinesterase activity and change in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S transferase. Treatment of rats with vitamin E resulted in an elevation in the level of GSH, normalizing the antioxidant enzymes activities and decreasing lipid peroxidation, although all these tests did not return to the normal level in certain tissues. The findings of this study suggest that both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of rats with vitamin E provide a protective role against DZN-induced oxidative stress and cholinergic hyperactivity through free radicals scavenging and membrane stabilizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavoos Tahmasebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heydari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khazaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Girón-Pérez MI, Mary VS, Rubinstein HR, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Theumer MG. Diazinon toxicity in hepatic and spleen mononuclear cells is associated to early induction of oxidative stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2309-2323. [PMID: 34404283 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1962814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide, which may have potential toxic effects on the liver and immune system; however, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unidentified. This work is aimed at evaluating the oxidative stress and cell cycle alterations elicited by low-dose diazinon in a rat liver cell line (BRL-3A) and spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) from Wistar rats. Diazinon (10-50 μM) caused early reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (from 4 h) as well as increased O2•- level (from 0.5 h), which led to subsequent lipid peroxidation at 24 h, in BRL-3A cells. In SMC, diazinon (20 μM) produced similar increases in ROS levels, at 4 and 24 h, with the highest O2•- level being found at 4 h. Low-dose diazinon induced G1-phase arrest and cell death in hepatic cells and SMC. Therefore, diazinon could affect the liver and the immunological system through the premature oxidative stress induction.Abbreviations: O2•-: superoxide anion radical; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SMC: spleen mononuclear cells; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit,Secretaría de Investigación Y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco S/n, Cd de La Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Verónica S Mary
- Departamento De Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones En Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor R Rubinstein
- Departamento De Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones En Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gladys A Toledo-Ibarra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit,Secretaría de Investigación Y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco S/n, Cd de La Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Martín G Theumer
- Departamento De Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones En Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Assar DH, Asa SA, El-Abasy MA, Elbialy ZI, Shukry M, Latif AAE, BinMowyna MN, Althobaiti NA, El-Magd MA. Aspergillus awamori attenuates ochratoxin A-induced renal and cardiac injuries in rabbits by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and downregulating IL1β, TNFα, and iNOS gene expressions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69798-69817. [PMID: 35576029 PMCID: PMC9512883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most dangerous and that pollute agricultural products, inducing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. The current study explored the protective effect of different concentrations of Aspergillus awamori (A. awamori) against OTA (0.3 mg/kg diet) induced renal and cardiac damage by exploring its mechanism of action in 60 New Zealand white male rabbits. Dietary supplementation of A. awamori at the selected doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet, respectively, for 2 months significantly improved the rabbit's growth performance; modulated the suppressed immune response and restored the altered hematological parameters; reduced the elevated levels of renal injury biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase; and increased serum total proteins concentrations. Moreover, it also declined enzymatic activities of cardiac injury biomarkers, including AST, LDH, and CK-MB. A. awamori alleviated OTA-induced degenerative and necrotic changes in the kidney and heart of rabbits. Interestingly, A. awamori upregulated Nrf2/OH-1 signaling pathway. Therefore enhanced TAC, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities and reduced OTA-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress by declining iNOS gene expression and consequently lowered MDA and NO levels. In addition to attenuating renal and cardiac inflammation via reducing IL-1β, TNF-α gene expressions in a dose-dependent response. In conclusion,this is the first report to pinpoint that dietary incorporation of A. awamori counteracted OTA-induced renal and cardiac damage by potentiating the rabbit's antioxidant defense system through its potent antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties in a dose-dependent response. Based on our observations, A. awamori could be utilized as a natural protective agent against ochratoxicosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Moshira A. El-Abasy
- Poultry and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Amera Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah, 19257 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
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11
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Birdane YO, Avci G, Birdane FM, Turkmen R, Atik O, Atik H. The protective effects of erdosteine on subacute diazinon-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21537-21546. [PMID: 34766221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In today's world, pesticides are commonly used to control pests and in advanced agriculture. As an organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), diazinon (DZN) is a commonly used substance. However, the widespread usage of DZN increases the probability of incidence of toxication. This toxication has been reported to be shaped not through cholinergic syndromes that are experienced as a result of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, which is the primary effect of these cases. It is rather shaped by the altering of the facilitation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In this study, the protective effect of administering erdosteine (ERDOS) subacute DZN exposure was investigated. A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were separated into 4 groups (with 6 rats in each group), namely, the control, DZN (15 mg/kg/day), ERDOS (10 mg/kg/day), and DZN + ERDOS (15 mg/kg/day DZN + 10 mg/kg/day ERDOS) groups. These medications were given through oral gavage for 28 days. With the whole blood, plasma, and serum samples taken from the rats, oxidant-antioxidant parameters and cytokine levels were measured. The MDA and NOx levels and SOD and CAT enzyme activities of the DZN group were higher than those of the control group, while the GSH levels and TAC and GPx activities of the DZN group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). It was also found that cytokine (IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels in the DZN group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the ERDOS implementations were detected to ameliorate the harmful effects of DZN on the oxidant-antioxidant parameters and cytokine levels (p < 0.05). Conclusively, besides the known mucolytic efficacy of ERDOS, it may also be stated to display free radical scavenger, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics to inhibit some proinflammatory cytokines that are specifically involved in oxidative stress. Additionally, the ameliorating property of ERDOS can be benefited from in possible DZN-induced toxication cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Osman Birdane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Gulcan Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Birdane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ruhi Turkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Orkun Atik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hulya Atik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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12
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Alandiyjany MN, Kishawy ATY, Abdelfattah-Hassan A, Eldoumani H, Elazab ST, El-Mandrawy SAM, Saleh AA, ElSawy NA, Attia YA, Arisha AH, Ibrahim D. Nano-silica and magnetized-silica mitigated lead toxicity: Their efficacy on bioaccumulation risk, performance, and apoptotic targeted genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106054. [PMID: 34923218 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic systems with heavy metals (HM) is of great concern owing to their deleterious impact on living organism. The current research is focused on application of silica particles with new functionalized properties (magnetic silica; SiMag or Nanoporous silica; SiNPs) and their efficacy to mitigate lead (pb) toxicity in Nile tilapia. One thousand fingerlings were distributed: two control groups (negative; without pb toxicity (NC) positive (with pb toxicity) and other four groups received two silica sources (SiMag or SiNPs) with two levels (400 and 600 mg/kg diet) for 56 days then exposed to pb for 30 days. Before toxicity exposure, maximum growth, and most improved feed conversion ratio and biochemical parameters were noticed with higher SiMag or SiNPs levels. Serum antioxidant enzymes and their transcriptional levels in muscle and liver were boosted in groups received SiMag or SiNPs. After toxicity exposure, hematological and antioxidants biomarkers maintained at adequate levels in SiMag or SiNPs. Prominent reduction of residual pb in gills, liver, kidney, and muscle was observed in SiNPs then SiMag groups. Interestingly, the maximum down-regulation of P450, caspase-3 and HSP-70 and MT were observed in groups received 600 mg/kg diet of SiMag or SiNPs. The higher level of P53 in liver and gills was detected in PC, inversely reduced in SiMag or SiNPs. Severity of the histopathological alterations in examined organs greatly reduced in groups received SiMag or SiNPs, unlike it were induced in PC group. In conclusion, higher SiMag or SiNPs levels not only mitigate negatives impact of pb toxicity in fish but also ensure its safety for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher N Alandiyjany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6(th) of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Haitham Eldoumani
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shefaa A M El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Genetics & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Naser A ElSawy
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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13
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Esfahani M, Rahbar AH, Soleimani Asl S, Mehri F. Resveratrol: a panacea compound for diazinon-induced renal toxicity. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2008452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Rahbar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Payame Noor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Hemmat Pardis), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Delavar A, Nikravesh MR, Jalali M, Valokola MG, Anbarkeh FR. The protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the expression of collagen IV, renal function, and oxidative stress induced by diazinon in the renal parenchyma of rat. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2021; 31:1310-1319. [PMID: 33565443 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.308340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate pesticide that is commonly used in agriculture worldwide, including in Iran, and unfortunately, it leads to a variety of negative effects on the environment, animals, and humans. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant agent that acts via scavenging of oxygen-free radicals. Collagen IV is a component of the main base membrane structure and DZN may also affect the expression of this key protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant properties of ALA on the expression of collagen IV, renal function, and oxidative stress induced by DZN in renal tissue. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) including: the control group, DZN (40 mg/kg) group, ALA (100 mg/kg) group, ALA (100 mg/kg) + DZN (40 mg/kg) group, and sham group. On day 0 and after 6 weeks, the urine and blood samples were collected to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). After 6 weeks, the rats were anesthetized and the left kidney was used for immunohistochemistry study and the right kidney was used to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters. The results have shown that ALA significantly improved the biochemical parameters including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and GFR. In addition, ALA significantly prevented the expression of collagen IV that was changed by DZN administration in rats. We concluded that when exposed to DZN, depletion of antioxidant enzymes is accompanied by the induction of oxidative stress that might be beneficial in monitoring DZN toxicity and alpha-lipoic acid, as an antioxidant can overcome the toxicity induced by DZN in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Delavar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikravesh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jalali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji Valokola
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Anbarkeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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El-Deep MH, Amber KA, Elgendy S, Dawood MAO, Elwakeel EM, Paray BA. Oxidative stress, hemato-immunological, and intestinal morphometry changes induced by ochratoxin A in APRI rabbits and the protective role of probiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35439-35448. [PMID: 32594444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the protective effects of Aspergillus awamori against ochratoxin A (OTA)-induced toxicity in APRI maternal line rabbits. A total number of 48 APRI line weanling rabbits (5 weeks) were divided into 4 groups (12 rabbits each) and fed the basal diet, 30 ppb/kg diet of OTA, 1 g/kg diet of A. awamori, and a mixture of OTA and A. awamori for 8 weeks. OTA reduced the final body weight and weight gain as well as the intestinal villi length and thickness, whereas increased the feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Rabbits fed diets with OTA showed significantly reduced crude protein, lipids, and fibers apparent digestibility coefficients (P < 0.05). The red blood cells and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in the OTA group comparing with the other groups (P < 0.05). The blood total protein and albumin displayed significantly lower levels by OTA than the other groups. In contrast, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine levels were significantly increased by OTA (P < 0.05). Phagocytic activity (PA) and phagocytic index (PI) showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased levels in OTA-contaminated group, while rabbits fed A. awamori significantly showed the highest PA and PI levels (P < 0.05). Dietary A. awamori kept the levels of PA and PI in rabbits fed OTA significantly higher than those fed without A. awamori (P < 0.05) and not significantly different from the control group (P > 0.05). Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) displayed significantly lower levels in the OTA group, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). Rabbits fed OTA-contaminated diets displayed significantly lower CAT and SOD and higher MDA than rabbits fed OTA combined with A. awamori (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that dietary A. awamori ameliorated the damage in APRI rabbits fed OTA through alleviation of oxidative stress and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H El-Deep
- Animal Production Research Institute, Sakha Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Khairy A Amber
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Salwa Elgendy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Enas M Elwakeel
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Dawood MAO, El-Shamaa IS, Abdel-Razik NI, Elkomy AH, Gewaily MS, Abdo SE, Soliman AA, Paray BA, Abdelkhalek N. The effect of mannanoligosaccharide on the growth performance, histopathology, and the expression of immune and antioxidative related genes in Nile tilapia reared under chlorpyrifos ambient toxicity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:421-429. [PMID: 32470510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in reducing the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity in tilapia was evaluated in the present study. Fish were allotted into four groups and fed the basal diet or MOS and exposed to CPF (control, CPF, MOS, and MOS/CPF) for 30 days. Fish fed MOS revealed higher growth and survival rates and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish (P < 0.05). The Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs variables were lowered by CPF toxicity and increased by MOS (P < 0.05). The values of total protein (sTP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), lysozyme (LZM), and phagocytic activities (PA) decreased whereas, ALP, ALT, AST, urea, bilirubin (BIL), and creatinine (CR) were increased by CPF toxicity. However, dietary MOS increased the sTP, ALB, GLB, LZM, and PA and decreased the ALP, ALT, AST, BIL, and CR. The PA and phagocytic index displayed higher levels by MOS feeding than the other groups (P < 0.05). The lowest mRNA level of GPX1 (cellular GPX) gene was observed in fish of the CPF group, while the highest level was shown in the MOS/CPF group (P < 0.05). Fish in the control and CPF groups displayed downregulated CAT whereas the expression of GPX and CAT genes was higher in fish of the MOS/CPF group than fish in the MOS group (P < 0.05). MOS upregulated the expression of HSP70 gene with CPF toxicity. Fish of the CPF and MOS/CPF groups displayed upregulated CASP3, IFN-γ, and IL-8 genes. Fish of the CPF group exhibited the lowest IL-1β, while fish of the MOS/CPF group showed upregulated IL-1β. The intoxication with CPF induced histopathological inflammations in the gills, intestine, and liver tissues, while dietary MOS protected against inflammation. In summary, dietary MOS is recommended as an immunostimulant to counteract the inflammatory impacts of waterborne CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim S El-Shamaa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Abdel-Razik
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Azza H Elkomy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Abdelkhalek
- Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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17
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Dawood MAO, El-Salam Metwally A, Elkomy AH, Gewaily MS, Abdo SE, Abdel-Razek MAS, Soliman AA, Amer AA, Abdel-Razik NI, Abdel-Latif HMR, Paray BA. The impact of menthol essential oil against inflammation, immunosuppression, and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in Nile tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:316-325. [PMID: 32371257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the predominant water pollutants associated with inflammation and immunodepression in aquatic animals. In this study, menthol oil (MNT) impacted the immunity, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory responses against CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia. Fish fed two diets with or without MNT and placed in four groups (control, CPF, MNT, and CPF/MNT). After 30 days, fish fed MNT displayed higher growth performance and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish without feeding MNT (P < 0.05). The survival rate of fish was reduced in the CPF group without MNT feeding (P < 0.05). Blood Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were decreased in fish by CPF toxicity, while the highest Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were observed in fish fed MNT followed by those fed the control without CPF toxicity (P < 0.05). Fish fed MNT had the highest total protein, albumin, and globulin, as well as the lowest urea, bilirubin, and creatinine after 15 and 30 days. However, fish under CPF toxicity had the most inferior total protein, albumin, and globulin, as well as the highest urea, bilirubin, and creatinine among the groups (P < 0.05). The enzyme activities of ALP and ALT displayed low levels by MNT with or without CPF exposure than fish fed without MNT with or without CPF exposure after 15 and 30 days (P < 0.05). The lysozyme and phagocytic activities displayed reduced levels by CPF without MNT feeding after 15 and 30 days, while increased activities were noticed by MNT feeding without CPF toxicity followed by fish fed MNT with CPF toxicity (P < 0.05). The transcription of CAT and GPX genes displayed upregulated levels in tilapia fed MNT and exposed to CPF (P < 0.05). Also, CPF toxicity increased the transcription of the IFN-γ gene but decreased the IL-8 and IL-1β genes. The transcription of HSP70 displayed lower levels (P < 0.05) by CPF without supplementing MNT than fish fed MNT and exposed to CPF. Histopathological analysis revealed that inflammation existed in the liver, gills, and intestine of tilapia due to CPF toxicity while MNT protected tissues from inflammation. To conclude, MNT activated the immunity, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory responses of Nile tilapia under CPF toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Abd El-Salam Metwally
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Azza H Elkomy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A S Abdel-Razek
- Department (Chemistry and Toxicity) of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Sharkia, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Abdel-Razik
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Behera, Egypt
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Zhao MA, Gu H, Zhang CJ, Jeong IH, Kim JH, Zhu YZ. Metabolism of insecticide diazinon by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19659-19668. [PMID: 35515422 PMCID: PMC9054078 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal metabolism of diazinon was investigated and the microbial model (Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112) could effectively degrade the organophosphorus pesticide (diazinon) mediated by cytochrome P450, which was mainly involved in oxidation and hydrolysis of phase I metabolism. Approximately 89% of diazinon was removed within 7 days and was not observed after 13 days with concomitant accumulation of eight metabolites. Structures of the metabolites were fully or tentatively identified with GC-MS and 1H, 13C NMR. The major metabolites of diazinon were diethyl (2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl) phosphate (diazoxon) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (pyrimidinol), and formation of minor metabolites was primarily the result of hydroxylation. To determine the responsible enzymes in diazinon metabolism, piperonyl butoxide and methimazole were treated, and the kinetic responses of diazinon and its metabolites by Cunninghamella elegans were measured. Results indirectly demonstrated that cytochrome P450 and flavin monooxygenase were involved in the metabolism of diazinon, but methimazole inhibited the metabolism less effectively. Based on the metabolic profiling, a possible metabolic pathway involved in phase I metabolism of diazinon was proposed, which would contribute to providing insight into understanding the toxicological effects of diazinon and the potential application of fungi on organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University Changcheng Rd, Chengyang Qingdao City Shandong Province 266-109 China
| | - Hao Gu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University Changcheng Rd, Chengyang Qingdao City Shandong Province 266-109 China +86-532-8803-0220 +86-133-5532-5000
| | - Chuan-Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu Province 225-009 China
| | - In-Hong Jeong
- Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 599 Gwanak-ro, Silim-dong, Gwanak-Gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Zhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University Changcheng Rd, Chengyang Qingdao City Shandong Province 266-109 China +86-532-8803-0220 +86-133-5532-5000
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Medithi S, Jonnalagadda PR, Jee B. Predominant role of antioxidants in ameliorating the oxidative stress induced by pesticides. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:61-74. [PMID: 32271132 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1750333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the adverse effects caused due to pesticides, which is the main mechanism of the toxicity in humans and animals and is a useful parameter in monitoring studies. It involves an imbalance in the equilibrium state of ROS and antioxidant defenses leading to alterations in various antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid peroxidation. The objective of the current paper is to present a review of the potential role and protective mechanism action of the antioxidant micronutrient supplementation to ameliorate the oxidative stress induced by pesticides. Studies in animal models and human were retrieved through the relevant search of the literature and categorized. Various animal studies were categorized according to the type of supplementation. Animal studies provide evidence to conclude the potential protective role of antioxidants in ameliorating the adverse effects of pesticides. Similar studies in humans are meager suggesting for further comprehensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Medithi
- Research Scholar, Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padmaja R Jonnalagadda
- Scientist-F, Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Babban Jee
- Scientist-C, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Abdel-Daim MM, Dawood MA, Elbadawy M, Aleya L, Alkahtani S. Spirulina platensis Reduced Oxidative Damage Induced by Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E473. [PMID: 32178251 PMCID: PMC7142642 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the numerous pharmacological impacts of Spirulina platensis (SP), the effects of SP on the oxidative status of Nile tilapia farmed under chlorpyrifos (CPF) ambient toxicity were considered in this study. Fish (60 ± 6.1 g) was randomly stocked in five groups where the SP free diet was fed to the control group while the second one was fed 1% SP without CPF exposure. Additionally, CPF (15 μg/L) was added in water and fish were fed with SP at 0, 0.5, and 1% (third, fourth, and fifth groups, respectively). Samples of blood and gills, kidneys, and liver tissues were assayed for biochemical measurements. Fish exposed to CPF exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) increments of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA), while significantly decreased total protein, albumin, and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed in tilapia exposed to CPF (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, SP feeding resulted in decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine as well as increased total protein, albumin, SOD, and CAT activities. Based on the obtained results, it can be suggested that SP is efficient in protecting Nile tilapia from CPF toxicity by increasing the antioxidative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of and Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon CEDEX, France
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of and Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ezabadi A, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA, Hosseini SA. The Effects of Resistance Training and Berberine Chloride Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Cerebellum Tissue of Diazinon-Poisoned Rats. MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 6. [DOI: 10.5812/mejrh.92870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
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22
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Khazaie S, Jafari M, Heydari J, Asgari A, Tahmasebi K, Salehi M, Abedini MS. Modulatory effects of vitamin C on biochemical and oxidative changes induced by acute exposure to diazinon in rat various tissues: Prophylactic and therapeutic roles. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1619-1628. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khazaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Heydari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Kavoos Tahmasebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Neurosciences Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Ghorbani Taherdehi F, Nikravesh MR, Jalali M, Fazel A, Gorji Valokola M. Evaluating the Protective Role of Ascorbic Acid in Malathion-induced Testis Tissue Toxicity of Male Rats. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:45. [PMID: 31143419 PMCID: PMC6528429 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_253_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Malathion is one of organophosphate pesticides that is widely used in agriculture and crops to control insects. Malathion affects body organs such as the reproductive system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and induction of oxidative stress. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of malathion on glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in testis of male rats, as well as to study the protective role of Ascorbic Acid. Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200–250 g were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. These groups include a control group (no intervention), sham (normal saline 0.9%), experimental Group 1 (malathion 50 mg/kg), experimental Group 2 (Malathion 50 mg/kg + Ascorbic Acid 200 mg/kg), and experimental Group 3 (Ascorbic Acid 200 mg/kg). Malathion, solvents, and ascorbic acid were injected intraperitoneally. After 6 weeks, all groups were anesthetized, and the right testis was used to measure levels of MDA and GSH. MDA as a marker of lipid peroxidation and GSH content was used. Results: The results showed that malathion increased MDA level and decreased GSH level compared with the control group (P < 0.001). It was also found that administration of malathion in combination with ascorbic acid reduced MDA level and increased the GSH level. Conclusions: Malathion-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the testis of rats. In addition, it seems that ascorbic acid, due to its antioxidant capabilities, can improve malathion-induced poisonous changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikravesh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jalali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Fazel
- Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji Valokola
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Amudha P, Vanitha V. Toxicological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation of the Ethanolic extract of Seagrass-Enhalus acoroides in Albino wistar rats. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shiyovich A, Matot R, Elyagon S, Liel-Cohen N, Rosman Y, Shrot S, Kassirer M, Katz A, Etzion Y. QT Prolongation as an Isolated Long-Term Cardiac Manifestation of Dichlorvos Organophosphate Poisoning in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:24-32. [PMID: 28510081 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OP) are used extensively as pesticides and as chemical weapons. Cardiotoxicity is a major concern in survivors of the acute poisoning. To characterize the delayed cardiac effects of OP, rats were poisoned by intraperitoneal administration of dichlorvos. In group I, poisoning (0.25-, 0.75-, 1.4-LD50) was followed by application of atropine and obidoxime. In group II, poisoning (0.35-, 0.5-LD50) was done without antidotes. Cardiac evaluation included electrocardiography and echocardiography 2- and 6-week post-exposure, arrhythmia susceptibility following administration of Isoproterenol (150 mcg/kg), and histological evaluation. All poisoned animals displayed cholinergic symptoms. In group I, all animals exposed to 1.4-LD50 (n = 3) had profound convulsions and died despite antidote treatment. However, in the lower doses, all animals survived and no cardiac abnormalities were noted during follow-up. In group II, six animals had convulsions and died. Surviving animals had mild but significant prolongation of corrected QT at both 2 and 6 weeks, compared to shams. There were no notable echocardiographic, gravimetric, or histological differences between poisoned and sham animals. Our data indicate that dichlorvos poisoning is associated with QT prolongation without anatomical or histopathological abnormalities. This new model can be used to elaborate the molecular mechanism\s of QT prolongation following OP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Shiyovich
- Medical Corps HQ, IDF, P.O. Box 02149, Tel Hashomer Base, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ran Matot
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sigal Elyagon
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noah Liel-Cohen
- Department of Cardiology, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yossi Rosman
- Medical Corps HQ, IDF, P.O. Box 02149, Tel Hashomer Base, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Shrot
- Medical Corps HQ, IDF, P.O. Box 02149, Tel Hashomer Base, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Kassirer
- Medical Corps HQ, IDF, P.O. Box 02149, Tel Hashomer Base, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pulmonary Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Katz
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoram Etzion
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Hernández-Moreno D, Míguez MP, Soler F, Pérez-López M. Influence of sex on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbits after exposure to diazinon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32458-32465. [PMID: 30232776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of two oral doses of the pesticide diazinon (25 and 125 mg/kg bw) on four biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and catalase and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities) in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbit after 10 days of exposure. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly greater in exposed animals compared to controls, especially in the animals exposed to the higher dose of the pesticide. This result was reflected in the glutathione levels, which were significantly lower at that same higher dose. Catalase activity was also inhibited by the higher dose of the pesticide in all three organs analysed, whereas inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity was only significant for the kidney and lungs. There were some slight differences between the sexes: taking the results for all three organs, the higher dose of diazinon resulted in a clearly significant inhibitory effect on the catalase activity and glutathione levels in males, and a significant enhancing effect on the malondialdehyde levels in females. These results help to confirm the interest of considering such endogenous factors in future ecotoxicological studies, and that the four biomarkers considered are suitable for reflecting the toxic effects of diazinon on rabbits, especially the effects related to oxidative stress. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Moreno
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), Avda de la Universidad s/n., 10003, Caceres, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile (Chile), Región Metropolitana, Chile
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Prado Míguez
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), Avda de la Universidad s/n., 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), Avda de la Universidad s/n., 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), Avda de la Universidad s/n., 10003, Caceres, Spain.
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Karimani A, Mamashkhani Y, Moghadam Jafari A, Akbarabadi M, Heidarpour M. Captopril Attenuates Diazinon-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Subchronic Study in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:514-522. [PMID: 30214104 PMCID: PMC6123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate pesticide commonly used for pest control in agriculture. It may engender a variety of negative effects in non-target species, including humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative properties of captopril (CAP), as a thiol containing an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, against DZN-induced oxidative stress. METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. All the rats were treated orally via gavage once a day for 7 weeks: control (corn oil), CAP (10 mg/kg), DZN (10 mg/kg), and CAP+DZN combination (as mentioned above). Oxidative stress indices in blood serum, liver and kidney homogenates (malondialdehyde [MDA], total thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity), and erythrocyte hemolysis (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software, version 6.0 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA), by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post hoc analysis. RESULTS The MDA content and SOD activity increased significantly in the DZN group compared with those in the control group. Treatment with CAP in the DZN-exposed group significantly decreased (P<0.05) the MDA concentration and the SOD activity. The total thiol groups were decreased in the DZN group and elevated again by CAP treatment. CONCLUSION The co-administration of CAP and DZN was able to attenuate lipid peroxidation and enzyme changes caused by DZN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Karimani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mamashkhani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Moghadam Jafari
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akbarabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Harchegani AB, Rahmani A, Tahmasbpour E, Kabootaraki HB, Rostami H, Shahriary A. Mechanisms of diazinon effects on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:653-664. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718778665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that has cytotoxic and pathological effects on the reproductive system. It causes a wide variety of pathological effects on the reproductive system such as testicular atrophy, disturbance in sex hormones, impaired spermatogenesis, low quality of sperm, and fertility problems. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms of its adverse effects are not well understood. General events such as testicular damage, inflammation, mitochondrial deficiency, DNA fragmentation, disintegration of sperm plasma membrane, apoptosis, and cell death are observed in DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by reactive oxygen species may be a main mechanism, which can be associated with sperm DNA fragmentation, reduced integrity of sperm cell membrane, apoptosis, depletion of antioxidants, and subsequently poor sperm quality and male infertility. Therefore, identification of these pathways may provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms of DZN action on the male reproductive system. In this review, we aim to discuss the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of DZN action on male reproductive system, the importance of OS and mechanisms by which DZN induces OS and depletion of other antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakhiari Kabootaraki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Georgiadis N, Tsarouhas K, Tsitsimpikou C, Vardavas A, Rezaee R, Germanakis I, Tsatsakis A, Stagos D, Kouretas D. Pesticides and cardiotoxicity. Where do we stand? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:1-14. [PMID: 29885332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant causes of mortality in humans. Pesticides toxicity and risk for human health are controlled at a European level through a well-developed regulatory network, but cardiotoxicity is not described as a separate hazard class. Specific classification criteria should be developed within the frame of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in order to classify chemicals as cardiotoxic, if applicable to avoid long-term cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to review the cardiac pathology and function impairment due to exposure to pesticides (i.e. organophosphates, organothiophisphates, organochlorines, carbamates, pyrethroids, dipyridyl herbicides, triazoles, triazines) based on both animal and human data. The majority of human data on cardiotoxicity of pesticides come from poisoning cases and epidemiological data. Several cardiovascular complications have been reported in animal models including electrocardiogram abnormalities, myocardial infarction, impaired systolic and diastolic performance, functional remodeling and histopathological findings, such as haemorrhage, vacuolisation, signs of apoptosis and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgiadis
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ioannis Germanakis
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, 71409 Crete, Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece.
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Arab SA, Nikravesh MR, Jalali M, Fazel A. Evaluation of oxidative stress indices after exposure to malathion and protective effects of ascorbic acid in ovarian tissue of adult female rats. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6789-6795. [PMID: 29997763 PMCID: PMC6033125 DOI: 10.19082/6789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malathion is one of organophosphate pesticides that is extensively used in farming and crops to control pests. Malathion induces oxidative stress in the various tissues such as the reproductive system. Objective To determine the effects of malathion on malondialdehyde (MDA) level and glutathione (GSH) content in female rat ovary tissue as well as to assess the protective role of Ascorbic Acid. Methods This study was carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran) in 2015. In this experimental study, 30 adult, female, Wistar rats (weight range: 200-250 g) were divided into five groups, each group consisting of six rats: control group (no interventions), sham group (normal saline 0.9% 50 mg/kg), experimental group 1 (Ascorbic Acid 200 mg/kg), experimental group 2 (malathion 50 mg/kg), and experimental group 3 (malathion 50 mg/kg + Ascorbic Acid 200 mg/kg). Malathion, solvents and Ascorbic Acid were injected intraperitoneally. After two weeks, the animals were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine/xylazine (60 and 6 mg/kg, respectively) and then scarified, and the right ovarian was used to measure levels of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and GSH content. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics, One Way ANOVA, and Tukey-Kramer test. A p-value <0.05 was set as significance level. Results This study has shown that malathion increased MDA level and reduced GSH content compared with the control group (p<0.001). Also, administration of malathion in combination with Ascorbic Acid, reduced MDA level and increased the GSH content in rat ovarian tissue. Conclusion Malathion induced lipid peroxidation and Oxidative stress in the ovarian of Rats. In addition, it appears that Ascorbic Acid, due to its antioxidant, can recover malathion-induced poisonous changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Abbasabad Arab
- M.Sc. Student of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikravesh
- Ph.D. of Anatomy, Professor, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jalali
- Ph.D. of Anatomy, Professor, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AliReza Fazel
- Ph.D. of Anatomy, Professor, Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abdelkhalek NKM, Eissa IAM, Ahmed E, Kilany OE, El-Adl M, Dawood MAO, Hassan AM, Abdel-Daim MM. Protective role of dietary Spirulina platensis against diazinon-induced Oxidative damage in Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:99-104. [PMID: 28704756 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of 0.5 and 1% Spiurolina platensis (SP) diet against the sub-acute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) 0.28mg/L in Nile tilapia. At the end of experiment after 28days, hepatic and renal damage markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine), serum biochemical parameters (total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and glucose) and tissue antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) were detesrmined. The results of the current study revealed significant improvement in hepatic and renal damage markers after SP supplementation in fish exposed to DZN toxicity. Moreover, SP improved serum biochemical markers through increasing serum albumin and globulins with a significant decrease in serum glucose and cholesterol. In addition, liver, kidneys and gills antioxidant status showed a significant improvement after SP supplemented to fish exposed to DZN where a significant increase in tissue antioxidant activity were observed with a significant decline in lipid peroxidation levels. It can be concluded that, SP supplementation attenuated the toxic effect of DZN toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving liver and kidney functions with a significant enhancement of tissue antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevien K M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Internal medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ismail A M Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Omnia E Kilany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Adl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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32
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Khaksar MR, Rahimifard M, Baeeri M, Maqbool F, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Hassani S, Moeini-Nodeh S, Kebriaeezadeh A, Abdollahi M. Protective effects of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide nanoparticles on reduction of oxidative stress induced by sub-acute exposure to diazinon in the rat pancreas. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:79-90. [PMID: 28347467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diazinon is a kind of organophosphorus (OP) compound that is broadly used against different species of insects and pests. Oxidative stress can occur at very early stages of diazinon exposure and the pancreas is one of the main target organs for toxicity by diazinon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) against the pancreatic damage from sub-acute exposure of diazinon. Diazinon at a dose of 70mg/kg/day was given through gavage to rats once a day. Along with diazinon, trace amounts of CeO2 NPs and Y2O3 NPs (35mg/kg and 45mg/kg per day, respectively) were administered by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 2 weeks. Animals weight and blood glucose were measured during the treatment, and oxidative stress biomarkers, diabetes physiology, function and viability of cells were investigated at the end of the treatment in serum and pancreas tissues. Apoptosis of islets was examined by the flow cytometry. The high blood glucose level and significant weight loss resulting from diazinon were modified as a result of the application of the NPs. A significant recovery in oxidative stress markers, pro-insulin, insulin, C-peptide, adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio, caspase-3 and -9 activities and apoptosis-necrosis in the islets was observed. In conclusion, administration of CeO2 NPs or Y2O3 NPs only or their combination with suitable and defined dose will help to overcome the consequences from oxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khaksar
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shermineh Moeini-Nodeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Kebriaeezadeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:115-137. [PMID: 27915048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxins are natural or chemical poisonous substances with severe side effects on health. Humans are generally exposed by widespread toxic contaminations via air, soil, water, food, fruits and vegetables. Determining a critical antidote agent with extensive effects on different toxins is an ultimate goal for all toxicologists. Traditional medicine is currently perceived as a safe and natural approach against toxins. In this regard, we focused on the protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its main components such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate as a principal source of antioxidants against both natural and chemical toxins. This literate review demonstrates that protective effects of green tea and its constituents were mainly attributed to their anti-oxidative, radical scavenging, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties and modulating inflammatory responses. Although, some studies reveal they have protective effects by increasing toxin metabolism and neutralizing PLA2, proteases, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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A mechanistic approach for modulation of chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes by melatonin, coenzyme Q10, and vinpocetine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:839-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115607945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chlorpyrifos (CP) is an organophosphorus pesticide that induces oxidative stress through the production of free radicals and depletes intracellular antioxidant reserves. In this study, the efficacy of three antioxidants (melatonin, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and vinpocetine) on alleviation of toxic effects of CP was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of CP, in the presence or absence of effective doses of melatonin, CoQ10, and vinpocetine, was determined in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after 72-h exposure. The levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity along with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as inflammatory index, were measured. Further, the viability and oxidative stress markers including cellular mitochondrial activity, cell death modes (apoptosis vs. necrosis), total antioxidant power (TAP), total thiol molecules (TTM), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Results: CoQ10 and also the combination of the three antioxidants were the most notable in opposing toxicity of CP and led to increasing TAP and TTM; improvement of AChE activity; and lowering LPO, MPO, TNF-α, and apoptosis compared to CP alone. Conclusion: CP toxicity overwhelms the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Exogenous supplementation with antioxidants, such as the ones we have investigated, seems to be effective in the prevention of cytotoxicity of CP.
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Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Hamdi M, Ben Fradj S, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H. Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in cells deriving from large intestine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2882-2889. [PMID: 26490884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZ) (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]phosphorothioate) is an organophosphate pesticide which is extensively used to control household insects and fruit and vegetable crops. The exposure to this pesticide has been linked to the development of the serious problem in several experimental animals. The contamination of food by DZ may increase its danger to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of DZ on intestine using an in vitro model (HCT116). Therefore, we evaluated the cell viability, elucidated the generation of free radicals, measured the mitochondrial membrane potential, and valued DNA fragmentation. Our results showed that DZ is cytotoxic to HCT116. It causes oxidative damage through the generation of free radicals and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. We also demonstrated that such effects can be responsible for DZ-induced apoptosis.
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Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:31. [PMID: 25928729 PMCID: PMC4418072 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an extensively used food additive for its color and taste. Since ancient times this plant has been introduced as a marvelous medicine throughout the world. The wide spectrum of saffron pharmacological activities is related to its major constituents including crocin, crocetin and safranal. Based on several studies, saffron and its active ingredients have been used as an antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidepressant, antitussive, anticonvulsant, memory enhancer, hypotensive and anticancer. According to the literatures, saffron has remarkable therapeutic effects. The protective effects of saffron and its main constituents in different tissues including brain, heart, liver, kidney and lung have been reported against some toxic materials either natural or chemical toxins in animal studies. In this review article, we have summarized different in vitro and animal studies in scientific databases which investigate the antidotal and protective effects of saffron and its major components against natural toxins and chemical-induced toxicities. Due to the lake of human studies, further investigations are required to ascertain the efficacy of saffron as an antidote or a protective agent in human intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Beydilli H, Yilmaz N, Cetin ES, Topal Y, Celik OI, Sahin C, Topal H, Cigerci IH, Sozen H. Evaluation of the protective effect of silibinin against diazinon induced hepatotoxicity and free-radical damage in rat liver. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e25310. [PMID: 26023342 PMCID: PMC4443388 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Diazinon (0,0-Diethyl 0-(1-6-methyl-2-isoprophyl 4 pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate) (DI) is a very effective organophosphate pesticide, used widely in agriculture. Consequently, data on poisoning cases secondary to DI exposure are important. The DI may affect a variety of tissues, including liver. Silibinin is a pharmacologically active constitute of Silybum marianum, with documented antioxidant activity. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate both histopathologically and biochemically whether silibinin is protective in DI induced liver damage. Materials and Methods: Thirty two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, as follows: 1) control group - oral corn oil was given; 2) DI group - rats were administered orally 335 mg/kg in the corn oil solution; 3) Silibinin group - 100 mg/kg/day silibinin was given alone orally, every 24 hours for 7 days; 4) Silibinin + DI group - DI plus silibinin was given. All rats were sacrificed at the end of experiment. Superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were investigated in serum and liver tissue. In addition, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities were evaluated. The liver tissue was evaluated histopathologically with Hematoxilin & Eosin dye. Results: Biochemically, ALT, AST, NO, MPO in serum and NO, MPO in liver tissue were found to be significantly higher in DI group, compared to control group (P < 0.001). In Group Silibinin + DI, serum AST, ALT, NO, MPO levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01), and both serum and tissue SOD activities were significantly higher, compared to DI group (P < 0.001). Diazinon induced histopathological changes in liver tissue were: severe sinusoidal dilatation, moderate disruption of the radial alignment of hepatocytes around the central vein, severe vacuolization in the hepatocyte cytoplasm, inflammation around central vein and portal region. In rats receiving both DI and silibinin, the DI induced changes accounted for less sinusoidal dilatation, vacuolization in the hepatocyte cytoplasm and the inflammation around central vein and portal region (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The DI was found to induce liver damage by oxidative stress mechanisms. Silibinin reduced the oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant mechanisms, thereby showing protective effect against DI induced liver damage. Further studies with silibinin should be performed regarding DI toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Beydilli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Halil Beydilli, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey. Tel: +90-2522114835, E-mail:
| | - Nigar Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Esin Sakalli Cetin
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasar Topal
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ilhan Celik
- Department of Medical Pathology, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Cem Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Hatice Topal
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Hamdi Sozen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Badgujar PC, Pawar NN, Chandratre GA, Telang AG, Sharma AK. Fipronil induced oxidative stress in kidney and brain of mice: protective effect of vitamin E and vitamin C. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 118:10-18. [PMID: 25752424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide of the phenpyrazole group. Fipronil-induced effects on antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers are yet to be studied in vivo. The present study was undertaken to evaluate fipronil-induced alterations in the blood biochemical markers and tissue antioxidant enzymes after oral exposure in mice and to explore possible protective effect of pre-treatment of antioxidant vitamins against these alterations. Mice were divided into eight groups containing control, test and amelioration groups. Mice in the test groups were exposed to different doses of fipronil, i.e., 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg bw, respectively for 28 days. Mice in the amelioration groups were treated with vitamin E or vitamin C (each at 100 mg/kg) 2 h prior to high dose (10 mg/kg) of fipronil. Fipronil exposure at three doses caused significant increase in the blood biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation and prominent histopathological alterations; while level of antioxidant enzymes was severely decreased both in kidney and brain tissues. Prior administration of vitamin E or vitamin C in the fipronil exposed mice led to decrease in lipid peroxidation and significant increase in activities of antioxidants, viz., glutathione, total thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Vitamin E and vitamin C administration in fipronil exposed mice also improved histological architecture of the kidney and brain when compared with fipronil alone treated groups. Thus, results of the present study demonstrated that in vivo fipronil exposure induces oxidative stress and pre-treatment with vitamin E or C can protect mice against this oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India.
| | - Nitin N Pawar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - Gauri A Chandratre
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - A G Telang
- Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India.
| | - A K Sharma
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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Effect of grapeseed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histopathological alterations in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:284-92. [PMID: 25972749 PMCID: PMC4423718 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution of environment by toxic chemicals is a global and chronic problem. Human health risk due to exposure to chemical pollutants is constantly increasing. Pesticides form major toxic chemicals in environment. Scientifically, there is an obviously correlation between the exposure to pesticides and appearance of many diseases. Currently, the significance of natural products for health and medicine has been formidable. The present study investigated the effect of grapeseed oil in male rats exposed to diazinon. The experimental rats were divided into five groups. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grapeseed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grapeseed oil. The experimental rats of the fifth group were supplemented with corn oil. Hematobiochemical and histopathological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grapeseed oil. In rats exposed only to DZN, the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically increased, while the level of serum total protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, the histopathological evaluations of the liver, kidney and testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Pretreatment with grapeseed oil exhibited a protective role against DZN toxicity which confirmed by the inhibition of hematobiochemical and histopathological changes due to DZN exposure. Additionally, the present study suggests that the effect of grapeseed oil supplementation against DZN toxicity may be attributed to the antioxidant role of its constituents.
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The role of oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidants on the incidence of infectious complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:158135. [PMID: 25383139 PMCID: PMC4212632 DOI: 10.1155/2014/158135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a predominant humoral immune deficiency predisposing the patients to infections. Oxidative stress leads to an increased immunoglobulin k light chain production in B cells and contributes to the antibodies' deficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia. Aim of the Study. To evaluate the global oxidative status in patients with CLL and to determine whether the administration of antioxidants decreases complications due to infections. Patients and Method. We studied 84 patients with CLL stratified by Binet staging. Free oxygen radicals and antioxidant status were determined by the FORT and FORD test, respectively, at diagnosis and in the presence of infections. The patients were distributed in two groups: group A, treated only with antileukemic treatment, and group B, treated with antileukemic treatment and antioxidants. Results. By FORD and FORT assay, all patients had at diagnosis a low antioxidant capacity, and high levels of hydroperoxides. Infectious complications were more frequent in group A (B/C stages of disease) than in group B. Administrations of antioxidants stimulated the immune response and decreased infectious complications in CLL. Conclusions. Administrations of antioxidants and a healthy life style may improve the quality of life of patients with CLL and reduce the risk of infectious complications.
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Poljšak B, Fink R. The protective role of antioxidants in the defence against ROS/RNS-mediated environmental pollution. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:671539. [PMID: 25140198 PMCID: PMC4129148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/671539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can result from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as ionising and nonionising radiation, ultraviolet radiation, elevated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, cigarette smoke, asbestos, particulate matter, pesticides, dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other compounds present in the environment. It appears that increased oxidative/nitrosative stress is often neglected mechanism by which environmental pollutants affect human health. Oxidation of and oxidative damage to cellular components and biomolecules have been suggested to be involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and aging. Several studies have demonstrated that the human body can alleviate oxidative stress using exogenous antioxidants. However, not all dietary antioxidant supplements display protective effects, for example, β-carotene for lung cancer prevention in smokers or tocopherols for photooxidative stress. In this review, we explore the increases in oxidative stress caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Fink
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H, Movassaghi AR, Imenshahidi M, Abnous K. Protective effect of crocin on diazinon induced cardiotoxicity in rats in subchronic exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 203:547-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Leong CT, D'Souza UJA, Iqbal M, Mustapha ZA. Lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant status as one of the toxicity measures of diazinon in the testis. Redox Rep 2013; 18:155-64. [PMID: 23849340 PMCID: PMC6837564 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of various pesticides in the market is inevitable due to the demands from agriculture industries and domestic needs to control nuisance pests and to sustain green resources worldwide. However, long-term exposure to pesticide has led to adverse effects on male fertility. Organophosphate diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothiote) is an often abusively used pesticide, as it is effective and economical. This study is to determine the adverse effects of low-dose diazinon exposure on the male reproductive system. In this study, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were segregated into 1, 2, and 8 weeks of exposure groups and further sub-grouped (n = 6) to receive 0, 10, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight diazinon treatment. Rats were gavaged orally with diazinon and sacrificed under anaesthesia the day after the last exposure. Our results showed that consistent diazinon exposure decreased glutathione and catalase, and increased lipid peroxidation which together lead to diazinon-mediated oxidative stress. Additionally, diazinon increased serum lactate dehydrogenase and decreased serum testosterone, which may have caused sperm and histopathological anomalies. In conclusion, exposure to diazinon caused changes in lipid peroxidation and sperm, and these two effects might be causally linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Thau Leong
- School of MedicineUniversiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research InstituteUniversitiMalaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Sabah, Malaysia
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Bayir A, Kara H, Köylü O, Kocabas R, Ak A. The effects of ubiquinone (CoQ10) on heart tissue in cardiac toxicity related to organophosphate poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:45-52. [PMID: 23060413 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112455070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ubiquinone (CoQ10) on heart tissue and erythrocytes in acute organophosphate poisoning (AOP). A total of 20 rabbits were divided into three groups: sham (n = 8), pralidoxime (PAM) + atropine (n = 6), and CoQ10 + PAM + atropine (n = 6). Blood samples were taken from each test subject to measure the values of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma and erythrocyte before administration of 50 mg/kg dichlorvos by orogastric tube. Blood samples were then taken at 1, 12, and 24 h post-dichlorvos to determine plasma and erythrocyte levels of AChE, NO, and MDA. Sham group received no treatment. PAM + atropine group received 0.05 mg/kg atropine with repeated doses and PAM: first a 30-mg/kg intravenous (IV) bolus, then a 15-mg/kg IV bolus every 4 h. CoQ10 + PAM + atropine group received same dose PAM and atropine and a 50-mg bolus of IV CoQ10. Thoracotomy was performed in all the animals 24 h after poisoning and then heart tissue samples were obtained. At 12 and 24 h, erythrocyte AChE levels in the CoQ10 animals were considerably higher than those in PAM + atropine animals (p = 0.023 and 0.017, respectively). At 12 and 24 h, erythrocyte MDA and NO levels in CoQ10 animals were significantly lower than those in PAM + atropine animals (p < 0.05). Heart tissue AChE levels in CoQ10 animals were considerably higher than those of the sham and PAM + atropine animals (p = 0.001). Heart tissue MDA and NO levels of CoQ10 animals were significantly lower than those of the sham and PAM + atropine animals (p < 0.01). Treatment of AOP with CoQ10 + PAM + atropine in this animal model had a beneficial effect on both erythrocyte and heart tissue lipid peroxidation and AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bayir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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Shokrzadeh M, Shobi S, Attar H, Shayegan S, Payam SSH, Ghorbani F. Effect of vitamins A, E and C on liver enzyme activity in rats exposed to organophosphate pesticide diazinon. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:936-941. [PMID: 24159690 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.936.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon, a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide, has been widely used throughout the world in agriculture and horticulture to control insects that feed on crops, ornamentals, lawns, fruits, vegetables and other food products. The toxicity of the DZN causes adverse effects on many organs. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effect of vitamins A, E and C on liver enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats exposed to diazinon. In this study, male wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 different groups. The groups were administered normal saline, soybean oil (as the solvent for diazinon and fat-soluble vitamins), diazinon, (30 mg kg(-1), vitamins E, C and A (100, 500 mg kg(-1) and 400 IU kg(-1), respectively) and a combination of diazinon with the same dose of each vitamin intraperitoneally i.p.daily for 14 days. Seven days after the final injection, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were taken. The photometric method was used to measure the activity of the enzymes. The activities of ALT and AST in the diazinon group were significantly higher than that observed in the control group; however, the diazinon/vitamin E, A, C group displayed significant reduction in ALT and AST activities compared to the diazinon group. The lowest level of LDH enzyme activity was observed in the dazinon/vitamin C group and this was statistically lower than the diazinon group. The results of this study revealed that vitamin E, A and C have a potent protective effect against diazinon-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 18 Kilometer of Farahabad Road, Sari, Iran
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Jafari M, Salehi M, Ahmadi S, Asgari A, Abasnezhad M, Hajigholamali M. The role of oxidative stress in diazinon-induced tissues toxicity in Wistar and Norway rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:638-47. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.716090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Rehman K, Akash MSH, Azhar S, Khan SA, Abid R, Waseem A, Murtaza G, Sherazi TA. A biochemical and histopathologic study showing protection and treatment of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits using vitamin C. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2012; 9:360-5. [PMID: 23983367 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v9i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin and vitamin C have been proposed as nephrotoxic and antioxidant, respectively. This study involved biochemical and histopathologic investigation showing protection and treatment of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits using vitamin C for 26 days hypothesizing that whether vitamin C would inhibit or decrease the raised serum urea and creatinine levels. This study was conducted on 25 healthy male albino rabbits (average weight 1.5±0.2 kg), classified into 5 groups: group A, B, C, D and E for nephrocurative (study-I) and nephroprotective (study-II) studies. Control group of rabbits (group A) received only the vehicle of gentamicin ampoule. In study-I, gentamicin sulphate (GS 80 mg/kg, i.m.) was administered to group B and C rabbits for ten days, then group C rabbits received vitamin C 250 mg/Kg for remaining 16 days. Group D and E received GS 80 mg/kg and GS 80 mg/kg i.m.-vitamin C 250 mg/kg orally, respectively during whole period (26 days) of study-II. After 26 days, various biochemical parameters, i.e. serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum antioxidant activity, and histopathologic investigations were made. Nephrotoxicity was observed in rabbit groups B, C and D as evident from significant (p<0.05) high levels of serum creatinine and BUN and low serum antioxidant levels as compared to the levels of control group. Decrease in the levels of serum creatinine and BUN along with the increase in serum antioxidant activity was observed after vitamin C treatment in group C. While, renal-protective role of vitamin C was seen in group E as compared to the control. In conclusion, Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity can be attenuated or treated using vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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Yilmaz N, Yilmaz M, Altuntas I. Diazinon-induced brain toxicity and protection by vitamins E plus C. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:51-7. [PMID: 21543467 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711404035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diazinon (DI) is a widely used pesticide in agriculture, resulting in environmental deleterious effects on neural systems. The current study was performed to investigate the effects of treatment with vitamins E plus C on brain toxicity, which is possibly induced by DI. Twenty-one male rats were divided into three groups (n = 7/group) as follows: (1) control group (C); (2) DI-treated group (DI); (3) DI + vitamins E plus C-treated group (DI + Vit). In order to examine lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rats, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of two free radical scavanging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) have been studied in brain of rat. The results showed that treatment with DI induced significant (p < 0.05) increases in the level of serum MDA in rat brain. The vitamins E plus C combination reduced lipid peroxidation in rat brain. The activity of SOD level was significantly higher in DI + Vit group, compared to the control group. GSH-Px, SOD and CAT values were not significantly different in the DI group than in control. Oxidative stress contributes to DI-induced brain toxicity. Our results suggested that vitamins E plus C combination may have a protective effect on DI-induced brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Mustafa Kemal University Medical School, Hatay, Turkey.
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Shah MD, Iqbal M. Diazinon-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lu L, Wang X, Lang L, Fu F. Protective effect of reduced glutathione on the liver injury induced by acute omethoate poisoning. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:279-283. [PMID: 21787660 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Omethoate is an organophosphate insecticide with high toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of exogenous reduced glutathione (GSH) on omethoate-induced liver injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, OM (omethoate poisoning), and OM+GSH (omethoate poisoning treated with GSH). The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in plasma, free organophosphate (FOP) in the liver were determined, and the histopathological changes in the liver were observed. Furthermore, TNF-α and NO in liver homogenate were assayed. The results showed that AChE activity was significantly inhibited by omethoate, but was not altered by GSH treatment. GSH was able to prevent hepatocellular edema and fatty degeneration, decrease liver FOP, attenuate the increased AST and ALT activity, and decline the increase of TNF-α and NO induced by omethoate. These results indicate GSH can attenuate liver injury, and suggest that GSH may be administered to protect the organ from injury in patients with acute organophosphate poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 32 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
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