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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Faraji F, Kooshki L, Webber K, Bishayee A. Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by natural compounds: a comprehensive and critical review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:501-574. [PMID: 37792223 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells employ multiple signaling mediators to escape the hypoxic condition and trigger angiogenesis and metastasis. As a critical orchestrate of tumorigenic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is responsible for stimulating several target genes and dysregulated pathways in tumor invasion and migration. Therefore, targeting HIF-1 pathway and cross-talked mediators seems to be a novel strategy in cancer prevention and treatment. In recent decades, tremendous efforts have been made to develop multi-targeted therapies to modulate several dysregulated pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In this line, natural compounds have shown a bright future in combating angiogenic and metastatic conditions. Among the natural secondary metabolites, we have evaluated the critical potential of phenolic compounds, terpenes/terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur compounds, marine- and microbe-derived agents in the attenuation of HIF-1, and interconnected pathways in fighting tumor-associated angiogenesis and invasion. This is the first comprehensive review on natural constituents as potential regulators of HIF-1 and interconnected pathways against cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. This review aims to reshape the previous strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Heurtebize MA, Faillie JL. Drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes. Therapie 2024; 79:221-238. [PMID: 37985310 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes have negative and potentially serious health consequences but can often be unnoticed. METHODS We reviewed the literature searching Medline database for articles addressing drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes up to January 31, 2023. We also selected drugs that could induce hyperglycemia or diabetes according official data from drug information databases Thériaque and Micromedex. For each selected drug or pharmacotherapeutic class, the mechanisms of action potentially involved were investigated. For drugs considered to be at risk of hyperglycemia or diabetes, disproportionality analyses were performed using data from the international pharmacovigilance database VigiBase. In order to detect new pharmacovigilance signals, additional disproportionality analyses were carried out for drug classes with more than 100 cases reported in VigiBase, but not found in the literature or official documents. RESULTS The main drug classes found to cause hyperglycemia are glucocorticoids, HMG-coA reductase inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, antipsychotics, fluoroquinolones, antiretrovirals, antineoplastic agents and immunosuppressants. The main mechanisms involved are alterations in insulin secretion and sensitivity, direct cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cells and increases in glucose production. Pharmacovigilance signal were found for a majority of drugs or pharmacological classes identified as being at risk of diabetes or hyperglycemia. We identified new pharmacovigilance signals with drugs not known to be at risk according to the literature or official data: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, sodium oxybate, biphosphonates including alendronic acid, digoxin, sartans, linosipril, diltiazem, verapamil, and darbepoetin alpha. Further studies will be needed to confirm these signals. CONCLUSIONS The risks of induced hyperglycemia vary from one drug to another, and the underlying mechanisms are multiple and potentially complex. Clinicians need to be vigilant when using at-risk drugs in order to detect and manage these adverse drug reactions. However, it is to emphasize that the benefits of appropriately prescribed treatments most often outweigh their metabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Heurtebize
- CHU de Montpellier, Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Faillie
- CHU de Montpellier, Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, 34000 Montpellier, France; IDESP, Université de Montpellier, Inserm, 34295 Montpellier, France.
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Musleh Ud Din S, Streit SG, Huynh BT, Hana C, Abraham AN, Hussein A. Therapeutic Targeting of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2060. [PMID: 38396737 PMCID: PMC10888675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of cancer therapeutics, targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway has emerged as a promising strategy. This study delves into the intricate web of HIF-associated mechanisms, exploring avenues for future anticancer therapies. Framing the investigation within the broader context of cancer progression and hypoxia response, this article aims to decipher the pivotal role played by HIF in regulating genes influencing angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and glucose metabolism. Employing diverse approaches such as HIF inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapies, and hypoxia-activated prodrugs, the research methodologically intervenes at different nodes of the HIF pathway. Findings showcase the efficacy of agents like EZN-2968, Minnelide, and Acriflavine in modulating HIF-1α protein synthesis and destabilizing HIF-1, providing preliminary proof of HIF-1α mRNA modulation and antitumor activity. However, challenges, including toxicity, necessitate continued exploration and development, as exemplified by ongoing clinical trials. This article concludes by emphasizing the potential of targeted HIF therapies in disrupting cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Musleh Ud Din
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Healthcare System, 703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA
| | - Spencer G. Streit
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Healthcare System, 703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.H.); (A.-N.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Bao Tran Huynh
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Healthcare System, 703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA
| | - Caroline Hana
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Healthcare System, 703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.H.); (A.-N.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Anna-Ninny Abraham
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Healthcare System, 703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.H.); (A.-N.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Atif Hussein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Healthcare System, 703 North Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.H.); (A.-N.A.); (A.H.)
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Carrera-Aguado I, Marcos-Zazo L, Carrancio-Salán P, Guerra-Paes E, Sánchez-Juanes F, Muñoz-Félix JM. The Inhibition of Vessel Co-Option as an Emerging Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:921. [PMID: 38255995 PMCID: PMC10815934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vessel co-option (VCO) is a non-angiogenic mechanism of vascularization that has been associated to anti-angiogenic therapy. In VCO, cancer cells hijack the pre-existing blood vessels and use them to obtain oxygen and nutrients and invade adjacent tissue. Multiple primary tumors and metastases undergo VCO in highly vascularized tissues such as the lungs, liver or brain. VCO has been associated with a worse prognosis. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that undergo VCO are poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that co-opted vessels show a quiescent phenotype in contrast to angiogenic tumor blood vessels. On the other hand, it is believed that during VCO, cancer cells are adhered to basement membrane from pre-existing blood vessels by using integrins, show enhanced motility and a mesenchymal phenotype. Other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as extracellular matrix, immune cells or extracellular vesicles play important roles in vessel co-option maintenance. There are no strategies to inhibit VCO, and thus, to eliminate resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. This review summarizes all the molecular mechanisms involved in vessel co-option analyzing the possible therapeutic strategies to inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Carrera-Aguado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Marcos-Zazo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Patricia Carrancio-Salán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Guerra-Paes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M. Muñoz-Félix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Long S, Xu J, Huang H. Analysis of differential gene immune infiltration and clinical characteristics of skin cutaneous melanoma based on systems biology and drug repositioning methods to identify drug candidates for skin cutaneous melanoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2427-2447. [PMID: 37086280 PMCID: PMC10122093 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has a low early detection rate and a high mortality rate. There are many problems such as side effects and drug resistance in existing therapeutic drugs. Current studies have confirmed that SKCM pathogenesis-related genes promote the invasion and metastasis of cutaneous melanoma, but their roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Network pharmacology provides new opportunities for drug repurposing and repositioning, and is a fast, safe, and inexpensive drug discovery method to find new drugs for the treatment of SKCM. In this study, based on 3 databases (KEGG, OMIM, and Genotype) to obtain SKCM-related genes, and TCGA SKCM dataset, SKCM differential genes in GSE3189 and GSE46517 were intersected to identify SKCM pathogenesis-related differential genes, and the differential genes were immune infiltration and analysis, For survival analysis, a prognostic nomogram risk model was constructed based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis for risk stratification and prognosis prediction, then focused on the differential expression of ZC3H12A and its effect on TME. Finally, the protein interaction network method was used to quantify the similarity between 684 drug targets and skin melanoma, and to screen out drugs similar to skin melanoma. Based on 3 databases of KEGG, OMIM, and Genotype, 294 SKCM-related genes and 18 SKCM pathogenesis-related differential genes were obtained, and 18 SKCM pathogenesis-related differential genes were significantly correlated with TME. The constructed prognostic nomogram risk model predicted performance better and provided valuable information for immunotherapy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and K-M analysis showed that ZC3H12A was a differentially expressed gene affecting the prognosis of SKCM and promoted the infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells CD8 + T cells, B cells, and DC cells. Based on the analysis of the protein interaction network method, 43 drugs were found to have high potential in the treatment of SKCM, and the literature search of these 43 drugs was carried out, and 21 drugs were found to have experimental verification for the treatment of SKCM. Taken together, the differential genes associated with the pathogenesis of SKCM have important roles in the tumor immune microenvironment, clinicopathological features, and prognosis, especially ZC3H12A has a potential role in identifying early SKCM patients. At the same time, it provides a new strategy for the drug development of SKCM and provides a basis for the reuse of SKCM drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Long
- Department of Traumatology, Guizhou Province, Tongren People's Hospital, No 120 Middle Section of Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren City, 554399, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Traumatology, Guizhou Province, Tongren People's Hospital, No 120 Middle Section of Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren City, 554399, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Traumatology, Guizhou Province, Tongren People's Hospital, No 120 Middle Section of Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren City, 554399, People's Republic of China
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Cüvitoğlu A, Isik Z. Network neighborhood operates as a drug repositioning method for cancer treatment. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15624. [PMID: 37456868 PMCID: PMC10340098 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational drug repositioning approaches are important, as they cost less compared to the traditional drug development processes. This study proposes a novel network-based drug repositioning approach, which computes similarities between disease-causing genes and drug-affected genes in a network topology to suggest candidate drugs with highest similarity scores. This new method aims to identify better treatment options by integrating systems biology approaches. It uses a protein-protein interaction network that is the main topology to compute a similarity score between candidate drugs and disease-causing genes. The disease-causing genes were mapped on this network structure. Transcriptome profiles of drug candidates were taken from the LINCS project and mapped individually on the network structure. The similarity of these two networks was calculated by different network neighborhood metrics, including Adamic-Adar, PageRank and neighborhood scoring. The proposed approach identifies the best candidates by choosing the drugs with significant similarity scores. The method was experimented on melanoma, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Several candidate drugs were predicted by applying AUC values of 0.6 or higher. Some of the predictions were approved by clinical phase trials or other in-vivo studies found in literature. The proposed drug repositioning approach would suggest better treatment options with integration of functional information between genes and transcriptome level effects of drug perturbations and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cüvitoğlu
- The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Zerrin Isik
- Computer Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkiye
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7
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Reijers ILM, Rao D, Versluis JM, Menzies AM, Dimitriadis P, Wouters MW, Spillane AJ, Klop WMC, Broeks A, Bosch LJW, Lopez-Yurda M, van Houdt WJ, Rawson RV, Grijpink-Ongering LG, Gonzalez M, Cornelissen S, Bouwman J, Sanders J, Plasmeijer E, Elshot YS, Scolyer RA, van de Wiel BA, Peeper DS, van Akkooi ACJ, Long GV, Blank CU. IFN-γ signature enables selection of neoadjuvant treatment in patients with stage III melanoma. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213938. [PMID: 36920329 PMCID: PMC10037109 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant ipilimumab + nivolumab has demonstrated high pathologic response rates in stage III melanoma. Patients with low intra-tumoral interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signatures are less likely to benefit. We show that domatinostat (a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor) addition to anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 increased the IFN-γ response and reduced tumor growth in our murine melanoma model, rationalizing evaluation in patients. To stratify patients into IFN-γ high and low cohorts, we developed a baseline IFN-γ signature expression algorithm, which was prospectively tested in the DONIMI trial. Patients with stage III melanoma and high intra-tumoral IFN-γ scores were randomized to neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab + domatinostat, while patients with low IFN-γ scores received nivolumab + domatinostat or ipilimumab + nivolumab + domatinostat. Domatinostat addition to neoadjuvant nivolumab ± ipilimumab did not delay surgery but induced unexpected severe skin toxicity, hampering domatinostat dose escalation. At studied dose levels, domatinostat addition did not increase treatment efficacy. The baseline IFN-γ score adequately differentiated patients who were likely to benefit from nivolumab alone versus patients who require other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L M Reijers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Disha Rao
- Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith M Versluis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals , Sydney, Australia
| | - Petros Dimitriadis
- Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel W Wouters
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Spillane
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Department of Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals , Sydney, Australia
| | - Willem M C Klop
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility and Molecular Pathology & Biobanking department, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda J W Bosch
- Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Department, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marta Lopez-Yurda
- Biometrics Department, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Winan J van Houdt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert V Rawson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Departments of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology , Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Maria Gonzalez
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Core Facility and Molecular Pathology & Biobanking department, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Bouwman
- Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Department, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Core Facility and Molecular Pathology & Biobanking department, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elsemieke Plasmeijer
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yannick S Elshot
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Departments of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology , Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Bart A van de Wiel
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander C J van Akkooi
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Department of Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals , Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of internal medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands
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Zhang J, Tang K, Fang R, Liu J, Liu M, Ma J, Wang H, Ding M, Wang X, Song Y, Yang D. Nanotechnological strategies to increase the oxygen content of the tumor. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1140362. [PMID: 36969866 PMCID: PMC10034070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1140362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a negative prognostic indicator of solid tumors, which not only changes the survival state of tumors and increases their invasiveness but also remarkably reduces the sensitivity of tumors to treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Thus, developing therapeutic strategies to alleviate tumor hypoxia has recently been considered an extremely valuable target in oncology. In this review, nanotechnological strategies to elevate oxygen levels in tumor therapy in recent years are summarized, including (I) improving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, (II) oxygen delivery to hypoxic tumors, and (III) oxygen generation in hypoxic tumors. Finally, the challenges and prospects of these nanotechnological strategies for alleviating tumor hypoxia are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kaiyuan Tang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Runqi Fang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiayi Ma
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ding, ; Xiaoxiao Wang, ; Dongliang Yang,
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ding, ; Xiaoxiao Wang, ; Dongliang Yang,
| | - Yanni Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ding, ; Xiaoxiao Wang, ; Dongliang Yang,
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9
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Watanabe E, Yokoi A, Yoshida K, Sugiyama M, Kitagawa M, Nishino K, Yamamoto E, Niimi K, Yamamoto Y, Kajiyama H. Drug library screening identifies histone deacetylase inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for choriocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4543-4556. [PMID: 36106577 PMCID: PMC9972027 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive gynecological malignancy. The standard treatment is systemic chemotherapy as choriocarcinoma exhibits high chemosensitivity. However, refractory choriocarcinoma exhibits chemoresistance; thus, the prognosis remains very poor. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic agents for choriocarcinoma by utilizing a drug repositioning strategy. METHODS Three choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR, JEG-3, and BeWo) and a human extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) were used for the analyses. The growth inhibitory effects of 1,271 FDA-approved compounds were evaluated in vitro screening assays and selected drugs were tested in tumor-bearing mice. Functional analyses of drug effects were performed based on RNA sequencing. RESULTS Muti-step screening identified vorinostat, camptothecin (S, +), topotecan, proscillaridin A, and digoxin as exhibiting an anti-cancer effect in choriocarcinoma cells. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was selected as a promising candidate for validation and the IC50 values for choriocarcinoma cells were approximately 1 μM. RNA sequencing and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that the ferroptosis pathway was likely implicated, and key ferroptosis-related genes (i.e., GPX4, NRF2, and SLC3A2) were downregulated following vorinostat treatment. Furthermore, vorinostat repressed tumor growth and downregulated the expression of GPX4 and NRF2 in JAR cell-bearing mice model. CONCLUSION Vorinostat, a clinically approved drug for the treatment of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, showed a remarkable anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo by regulating the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. Therefore, vorinostat may be an effective therapeutic candidate for patients with choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masami Kitagawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Bui BP, Nguyen PL, Lee K, Cho J. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1: A Novel Therapeutic Target for the Management of Cancer, Drug Resistance, and Cancer-Related Pain. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246054. [PMID: 36551540 PMCID: PMC9775408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor that regulates the transcription of many genes that are responsible for the adaptation and survival of tumor cells in hypoxic environments. Over the past few decades, tremendous efforts have been made to comprehensively understand the role of HIF-1 in tumor progression. Based on the pivotal roles of HIF-1 in tumor biology, many HIF-1 inhibitors interrupting expression, stabilization, DNA binding properties, or transcriptional activity have been identified as potential therapeutic agents for various cancers, yet none of these inhibitors have yet been successfully translated into clinically available cancer treatments. In this review, we briefly introduce the regulation of the HIF-1 pathway and summarize its roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, we explore the implications of HIF-1 in the development of drug resistance and cancer-related pain: the most commonly encountered obstacles during conventional anticancer therapies. Finally, the current status of HIF-1 inhibitors in clinical trials and their perspectives are highlighted, along with their modes of action. This review provides new insights into novel anticancer drug development targeting HIF-1. HIF-1 inhibitors may be promising combinational therapeutic interventions to improve the efficacy of current cancer treatments and reduce drug resistance and cancer-related pain.
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11
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Roszkowska KA, Piecuch A, Sady M, Gajewski Z, Flis S. Gain of Function (GOF) Mutant p53 in Cancer-Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13287. [PMID: 36362074 PMCID: PMC9654280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous development of personalized treatments is undoubtedly beneficial for oncogenic patients' comfort and survival rate. Mutant TP53 is associated with a worse prognosis due to the occurrence of metastases, increased chemoresistance, and tumor growth. Currently, numerous compounds capable of p53 reactivation or the destabilization of mutant p53 are being investigated. Several of them, APR-246, COTI-2, SAHA, and PEITC, were approved for clinical trials. This review focuses on these novel therapeutic opportunities, their mechanisms of action, and their significance for potential medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A. Roszkowska
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 100 Nowoursynowska St., 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Sylwia Flis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 100 Nowoursynowska St., 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Schürmann M, Goon P, Sudhoff H. Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:148. [PMID: 36123729 PMCID: PMC9487140 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC), is a destructive, and locally invasive lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation with an annual incidence of 10 per 100,000. Surgical extraction/excision remains the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40%), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review was targeted at connecting the dysregulated inflammatory network of MEC to pathogenesis and identification of pharmaceutical targets. We summarized the numerous basic research endeavors undertaken over the last 30+ years to identify the key targets in the dysregulated inflammatory pathways and judged the level of evidence for a given target if it was generated by in vitro, in vivo or clinical experiments. MEC pathogenesis was found to be connected to cytokines characteristic for Th1, Th17 and M1 cells. In addition, we found that the inflammation created damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which further promoted inflammation. Similar positive feedback loops have already been described for other Th1/Th17 driven inflammatory diseases (arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis). A wide-ranging search for molecular targeted therapies (MTT) led to the discovery of over a hundred clinically approved drugs already applied in precision medicine. Based on exclusion criteria designed to enable fast translation as well as efficacy, we condensed the numerous MTTs down to 13 top drugs. The review should serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history. Video Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC) is a destructive and locally invasive ulcerated lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation which occurs in 10 out of 100,000 people annually. Surgical extraction/excision is the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40% after ten years), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review is focused on the connections between inflammation and MEC pathogenesis. These connections can be used as attack points for pharmaceuticals. For this we summarized the results of research undertaken over the last 30 + years. MEC pathogenesis can be described by specific inflammatory dysregulation already known from arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis. A hallmark of this dysregulation are positive feedback loops of the inflammation further amplifying itself in a vicious circle-like manner. We have identified over one hundred drugs which are already used in clinic to treat other inflammatory diseases, and could potentially be repurposed to treat MEC. To improve and expedite clinical success rates, we applied certain criteria based on our literature searches and condensed these drugs down to the 13 top drugs. We hope the review will serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schürmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Goon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.
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13
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Sundaramurthi H, Giricz Z, Kennedy BN. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors for Primary and Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169378. [PMID: 36012642 PMCID: PMC9409113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) have a poor survival prognosis. Unfortunately for this rare disease, there is no known cure and suitable therapeutic options are limited. HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6i) are currently in clinical trials for other cancers and show potential beneficial effects against tumor cell survival in vitro and in vivo. In MUM cells, HDAC6i show an anti-proliferative effect in vitro and in preclinical xenograft models. The use of HDAC6 inhibitors as a treatment option for MUM should be explored further. Therefore, this review discusses (1) what is known about HDAC6i in MUM and (2) whether HDAC6 inhibitors offer a potential therapeutic option for MUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Breandán N. Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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14
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Hull CM, Maher J. 3D modelling of γδ T-cell immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e877. [PMID: 35538922 PMCID: PMC9091998 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Maher
- Leucid Bio Ltd.Guy's HospitalGreat Maze PondLondonUK
- CAR Mechanics LabGuy's Cancer CentreSchool of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonGreat Maze PondLondonUK
- Department of ImmunologyEastbourne HospitalEastbourneEast SussexUK
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15
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Gray JS, Wani SA, Campbell MJ. Epigenomic alterations in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:473-492. [PMID: 35383835 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human cell requires ways to specify its transcriptome without altering the essential sequence of DNA; this is achieved through mechanisms which govern the epigenetic state of DNA and epitranscriptomic state of RNA. These alterations can be found as modified histone proteins, cytosine DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and mRNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The different aspects of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic modifications require protein complexes to write, read, and erase these chemical alterations. Reflecting these important roles, many of these reader/writer/eraser proteins are either frequently mutated or differentially expressed in cancer. The disruption of epigenetic regulation in the cell can both contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and increase the likelihood of developing resistance to chemotherapies. Development of therapeutics to target proteins involved in epigenomic/epitranscriptomic modifications has been intensive, but further refinement is necessary to achieve ideal treatment outcomes without too many off-target effects for cancer patients. Therefore, further integration of clinical outcomes combined with large-scale genomic analyses is imperative for furthering understanding of epigenomic mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Sajad A Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
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16
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Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors: A Promising Weapon to Tackle Therapy Resistance in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073660. [PMID: 35409020 PMCID: PMC8998190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor, arising more commonly on the skin, while it can also occur on mucosal surfaces and the uveal tract of the eye. In the context of the unresectable and metastatic cases that account for the vast majority of melanoma-related deaths, the currently available therapeutic options are of limited value. The exponentially increasing knowledge in the field of molecular biology has identified epigenetic reprogramming and more specifically histone deacetylation (HDAC), as a crucial regulator of melanoma progression and as a key driver in the emergence of drug resistance. A variety of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been developed and evaluated in multiple solid and hematologic malignancies, showing promising results. In melanoma, various experimental models have elucidated a critical role of histone deacetylases in disease pathogenesis. They could, therefore, represent a promising novel therapeutic approach for advanced disease. A number of clinical trials assessing the efficacy of HDACi have already been completed, while a few more are in progress. Despite some early promising signs, a lot of work is required in the field of clinical studies, and larger patient cohorts are needed in order for more valid conclusions to be extracted, regarding the potential of HDACi as mainstream treatment options for melanoma.
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17
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Wang X, Du ZW, Xu TM, Wang XJ, Li W, Gao JL, Li J, Zhu H. HIF-1α Is a Rational Target for Future Ovarian Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 11:785111. [PMID: 35004308 PMCID: PMC8739787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Even with the development of novel drugs, nearly one-half of the patients with ovarian cancer die within five years of diagnosis. These situations indicate the need for novel therapeutic agents for ovarian cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) plays an important role in promoting malignant cell chemoresistance, tumour metastasis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and intercellular interactions. The unique microenvironment, crosstalk and/or interaction between cells and other characteristics of ovarian cancer can influence therapeutic efficiency or promote the disease progression. Inhibition of the expression or activity of HIF-1α can directly or indirectly enhance the therapeutic responsiveness of tumour cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. In this paper, we summarize the latest research on the role of HIF-1α and molecules which can inhibit HIF-1α expression directly or indirectly in ovarian cancer, and drug clinical trials about the HIF-1α inhibitors in ovarian cancer or other solid malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Li Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Enhancing Therapeutic Approaches for Melanoma Patients Targeting Epigenetic Modifiers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246180. [PMID: 34944799 PMCID: PMC8699560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the least common but deadliest type of skin cancer. Melanomagenesis is driven by a series of mutations and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that allow melanomas to grow, evolve, and metastasize. Epigenetic alterations can also lead to immune evasion and development of resistance to therapies. Although the standard of care for melanoma patients includes surgery, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade, other therapeutic approaches like radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune cell-based therapies are used for patients with advanced disease or unresponsive to the conventional first-line therapies. Targeted therapies such as the use of BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 only improve the survival of a small subset of patients. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify alternative standalone or combinatorial therapies. Epigenetic modifiers have gained attention as therapeutic targets as they modulate multiple cellular and immune-related processes. Due to melanoma's susceptibility to extrinsic factors and reversible nature, epigenetic drugs are investigated as a therapeutic avenue and as adjuvants for targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, as they can sensitize and/or reverse resistance to these therapies, thus enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. This review gives an overview of the role of epigenetic changes in melanoma progression and resistance. In addition, we evaluate the latest advances in preclinical and clinical research studying combinatorial therapies and discuss the use of epigenetic drugs such as HDAC and DNMT inhibitors as potential adjuvants for melanoma patients.
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19
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Chai P, Jia R, Li Y, Zhou C, Gu X, Yang L, Shi H, Tian H, Lin H, Yu J, Zhuang A, Ge S, Jia R, Fan X. Regulation of epigenetic homeostasis in uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101030. [PMID: 34861419 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB), which cause blindness and even death, are the most frequently observed primary intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. Epigenetic studies have shown that changes in the epigenome contribute to the rapid progression of both UM and RB following classic genetic changes. The loss of epigenetic homeostasis plays an important role in oncogenesis by disrupting the normal patterns of gene expression. The targetable nature of epigenetic modifications provides a unique opportunity to optimize treatment paradigms and establish new therapeutic options for both UM and RB with these aberrant epigenetic modifications. We aimed to review the research findings regarding relevant epigenetic changes in UM and RB. Herein, we 1) summarize the literature, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA modifications, noncoding RNAs and an abnormal chromosomal architecture; 2) elaborate on the regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in biological processes during tumorigenesis; and 3) propose promising therapeutic candidates for epigenetic targets and update the list of epigenetic drugs for the treatment of UM and RB. In summary, we endeavour to depict the epigenetic landscape of primary intraocular malignancy tumorigenesis and provide potential epigenetic targets in the treatment of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ruobing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Chuandi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hanhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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20
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Dobre EG, Constantin C, Costache M, Neagu M. Interrogating Epigenome toward Personalized Approach in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:901. [PMID: 34575678 PMCID: PMC8467841 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as essential contributors in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cutaneous melanoma (CM). Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic and reversible and thus easy to regulate. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in CM initiation and development. We believe that a better understanding of how aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications, along with other molecular processes, affect the genesis and clinical behavior of CM can provide the clinical management of this disease a wide range of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets that can be used to prevent or abrogate drug resistance. We will also approach the modalities by which these epigenetic alterations can be used to customize the therapeutic algorithms in CM, the current status of epi-therapies, and the preliminary results of epigenetic and traditional combinatorial pharmacological approaches in this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.N.)
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Ny L, Jespersen H, Karlsson J, Alsén S, Filges S, All-Eriksson C, Andersson B, Carneiro A, Helgadottir H, Levin M, Ljuslinder I, Olofsson Bagge R, Sah VR, Stierner U, Ståhlberg A, Ullenhag G, Nilsson LM, Nilsson JA. The PEMDAC phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and entinostat in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5155. [PMID: 34453044 PMCID: PMC8397717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that epigenetic therapy could enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells. We report the results of the PEMDAC phase 2 clinical trial (n = 29; NCT02697630) where the HDAC inhibitor entinostat was combined with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), and was met with an ORR of 14%. The clinical benefit rate at 18 weeks was 28%, median progression free survival was 2.1 months and the median overall survival was 13.4 months. Toxicities were manageable, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Objective responses and/or prolonged survival were seen in patients with BAP1 wildtype tumors, and in one patient with an iris melanoma that exhibited a UV signature. Longer survival also correlated with low baseline ctDNA levels or LDH. In conclusion, HDAC inhibition and anti-PD1 immunotherapy results in durable responses in a subset of patients with metastatic UM.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02697630 (registered 3 March 2016). EudraCT registration number: 2016-002114-50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ny
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Jespersen
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel Alsén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Filges
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Andersson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Carneiro
- Department of Hematology Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Levin
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vasu R Sah
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Stierner
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Ullenhag
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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22
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Comito F, Marchese PV, Ricci AD, Tober N, Peterle C, Sperandi F, Melotti B. Systemic and liver-directed therapies in metastatic uveal melanoma: state-of-the-art and novel perspectives. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4583-4606. [PMID: 34431316 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is the most common form of noncutaneous melanoma. It is different from its cutaneous counterpart and is characterized by a very poor prognosis. Despite groundbreaking improvements in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, there have been few advances in the treatment of MUM, and standard treatments for MUM have not been defined. We performed a systematic review focusing our attention on all interventional studies, ongoing or already published, concerning the treatment of MUM. We present results from studies of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and liver-directed therapies. Although the results in this setting have been disappointing until now, trials investigating novel immunotherapeutic strategies alone and in combination with targeted agents and liver-directed therapies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Comito
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Nastassja Tober
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Chiara Peterle
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperandi
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
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23
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Basu D, Salgado CM, Bauer B, Hoehl RM, Moscinski CN, Schmitt L, Reyes-Múgica M. Histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) suppresses micropthalmia transcription factor expression and induces cell death in nevocytes from large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:319-327. [PMID: 34054057 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Large/giant congenital nevi (L/GCMN) are benign neoplasms of the melanocytic neural crest lineage covering extensive areas of skin presenting risk for melanoma. Surgical resection often leads to scarring and trauma. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) as topical therapeutic agents may prove beneficial as an alternative/adjunct to surgery in this disease. Here we describe the effect of in vitro treatment of iHDACs drugs on primary nevocytes isolated from L/GCMN patients. Micropthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression in L/GCMN patients' lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry, in cultured nevocytes by immunofluorescence, immunoblot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular senescence was detected by SA-ß galactosidase activity. Markers for melanocytic differentiation were evaluated by immunoblot analysis and extracted melanin content was estimated spectrophotometrically. Cell death was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and necrosis confirmed by polymerase (PARP) cleavage and acridine orange staining of the nuclei. MITF was expressed ubiquitously in nevocytes and melanocytes in patients' lesions. In culture, iHDAC treatment suppressed MITF protein and mRNA expression resulting in a senescent-like phenotype with positive ß-galactosidase staining, progressing to necrotic cell death as evidenced by increased LDH activity, appearance of cleaved PARP and necrotic nuclei. This is the first report showing evidence of iHDACs-induced MITF suppression in congenital nevocytes in vitro leading to a morphologic change with positive ß-galactosidase staining, followed by necrotic cell death in nevocytes, indicating that iHDAC drugs could be valuable therapeutic agents for treatment of L/GCMN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Bauer
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine N Moscinski
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Yuan CS, Deng ZW, Qin D, Mu YZ, Chen XG, Liu Y. Hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials to relieve tumor hypoxic microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy: Where do we stand? Acta Biomater 2021; 125:1-28. [PMID: 33639310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed the blooming of emerging immunotherapy, as well as their therapeutic potential in remodeling the immune system. Nevertheless, with the development of biological mechanisms in oncology, it has been demonstrated that hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) seriously impairs the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. Hypoxia, caused by Warburg effect and insufficient oxygen delivery, has been considered as a primary construction element of TME and drawn tremendous attention in cancer therapy. Multiple hypoxia-modulatory theranostic agents have been facing many obstacles and challenges while offering initial therapeutic effect. Inspired by versatile nanomaterials, great efforts have been devoted to design hypoxia-based nanoplatforms to preserve drug activity, reduce systemic toxicity, provide adequate oxygenation, and eventually ameliorate hypoxic-tumor management. Besides these, recently, some curative and innovative hypoxia-related nanoplatforms have been applied in synergistic immunotherapy, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), immunomodulatory therapeutics, cancer vaccine therapy and immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect. Herein, the paramount impact of hypoxia on tumor immune escape was initially described and discussed, followed by a comprehensive overview on the design tactics of multimodal nanoplatforms based on hypoxia-enabled theranostic agents. A variety of nanocarriers for relieving tumor hypoxic microenvironment were also summarized. On this basis, we presented the latest progress in the use of hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials for synergistic immunotherapy and highlighted current challenges and plausible promises in this area in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy, emerging as a novel treatment to eradicate malignant tumors, has achieved a measure of success in clinical popularity and transition. However, over the last decades, hypoxia-induced tumor immune escape has attracted enormous attention in cancer treatment. Limitations of free targeting agents have paved the path for the development of multiple nanomaterials with the hope of boosting immunotherapy. In this review, the innovative design tactics and multifunctional nanocarriers for hypoxia alleviation are summarized, and the smart nanomaterial-assisted hypoxia-modulatory therapeutics for synergistic immunotherapy and versatile biomedical applications are especially highlighted. In addition, the challenges and prospects of clinical transformation are further discussed.
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25
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Jenke R, Reßing N, Hansen FK, Aigner A, Büch T. Anticancer Therapy with HDAC Inhibitors: Mechanism-Based Combination Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040634. [PMID: 33562653 PMCID: PMC7915831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of tumorigenesis has fueled targeted cancer therapies based on specific inhibitors. Beyond "classic" oncogene inhibitors, epigenetic therapy is an emerging field. Epigenetic alterations can occur at any time during cancer progression, altering the structure of the chromatin, the accessibility for transcription factors and thus the transcription of genes. They rely on post-translational histone modifications, particularly the acetylation of histone lysine residues, and are determined by the inverse action of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, HDACs are often aberrantly overexpressed, predominantly leading to the transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are powerful drugs, with some already approved for certain hematological cancers. Albeit HDACis show activity in solid tumors as well, further refinement and the development of novel drugs are needed. This review describes the capability of HDACis to influence various pathways and, based on this knowledge, gives a comprehensive overview of various preclinical and clinical studies on solid tumors. A particular focus is placed on strategies for achieving higher efficacy by combination therapies, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-EGFR inhibitors and hormone- or immunotherapy. This also includes new bifunctional inhibitors as well as novel approaches for HDAC degradation via PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jenke
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Nina Reßing
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Thomas Büch
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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26
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Leveraging multi-way interactions for systematic prediction of pre-clinical drug combination effects. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6136. [PMID: 33262326 PMCID: PMC7708835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present comboFM, a machine learning framework for predicting the responses of drug combinations in pre-clinical studies, such as those based on cell lines or patient-derived cells. comboFM models the cell context-specific drug interactions through higher-order tensors, and efficiently learns latent factors of the tensor using powerful factorization machines. The approach enables comboFM to leverage information from previous experiments performed on similar drugs and cells when predicting responses of new combinations in so far untested cells; thereby, it achieves highly accurate predictions despite sparsely populated data tensors. We demonstrate high predictive performance of comboFM in various prediction scenarios using data from cancer cell line pharmacogenomic screens. Subsequent experimental validation of a set of previously untested drug combinations further supports the practical and robust applicability of comboFM. For instance, we confirm a novel synergy between anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in lymphoma cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that comboFM provides an effective means for systematic pre-screening of drug combinations to support precision oncology applications. Combinatorial treatments have become a standard of care for various complex diseases including cancers. Here, the authors show that combinatorial responses of two anticancer drugs can be accurately predicted using factorization machines trained on large-scale pharmacogenomic data for guiding precision oncology studies.
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27
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Mallone F, Sacchetti M, Lambiase A, Moramarco A. Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2761. [PMID: 32992823 PMCID: PMC7600598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is currently no standard of adjuvant and metastatic treatment in UM, and available therapies are ineffective resulting from cutaneous melanoma protocols. Advances and novel treatment options including liver-directed therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted-therapy have been investigated in UM-dedicated clinical trials on single compounds or combinational therapies, with promising results. Therapies aimed at prolonging or targeting metastatic tumor dormancy provided encouraging results in other cancers, and need to be explored in UM. In this review, the latest progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of UM in adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed. In addition, novel insights into tumor genetics, biology and immunology, and the mechanisms underlying metastatic dormancy are discussed. As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of this disease and the promising results from testing of novel individualized therapies could offer future perspectives for translating in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
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28
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Targeting Epigenetic Modifications in Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155314. [PMID: 32726977 PMCID: PMC7432398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, is a rare subset of melanoma. Despite effective primary therapy, around 50% of patients will develop the metastatic disease. Several clinical trials have been evaluated for patients with advanced UM, though outcomes remain dismal due to the lack of efficient therapies. Epigenetic dysregulation consisting of aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding RNA expression, silencing tumor suppressor genes, or activating oncogenes, have been shown to play a significant role in UM initiation and progression. Given that there is no evidence any approach improves results so far, adopting combination therapies, incorporating a new generation of epigenetic drugs targeting these alterations, may pave the way for novel promising therapeutic options. Furthermore, the fusion of effector enzymes with nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) system equips a potent tool for locus-specific erasure or establishment of DNA methylation as well as histone modifications and, therefore, transcriptional regulation of specific genes. Both, CRISPR-dCas9 potential for driver epigenetic alterations discovery, and possibilities for their targeting in UM are highlighted in this review.
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29
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Yeon M, Kim Y, Jung HS, Jeoung D. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors to Overcome Resistance to Targeted and Immuno Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:486. [PMID: 32626712 PMCID: PMC7311641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that target oncogenes and immune checkpoint molecules constitute a major group of treatments for metastatic melanoma. A mutation in BRAF (BRAF V600E) affects various signaling pathways, including mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in melanoma. Target-specific agents, such as MAPK inhibitors improve progression-free survival. However, BRAFV600E mutant melanomas treated with BRAF kinase inhibitors develop resistance. Immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1), induce immune evasion of cancer cells. MAPK inhibitor resistance results from the increased expression of PD-L1. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1, are main players in immune therapies designed to target metastatic melanoma. However, melanoma patients show low response rate and resistance to these inhibitors develops within 6–8 months of treatment. Epigenetic reprogramming, such as DNA methylaion and histone modification, regulates the expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, immune checkpoints and the response to anti-cancer drugs. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from histone and non-histone proteins and act as transcriptional repressors. HDACs are often dysregulated in melanomas, and regulate MAPK signaling, cancer progression, and responses to various anti-cancer drugs. HDACs have been shown to regulate the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and genes involved in immune evasion. These reports make HDACs ideal targets for the development of anti-melanoma therapeutics. We review the mechanisms of resistance to anti-melanoma therapies, including MAPK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We address the effects of HDAC inhibitors on the response to MAPK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. In addition, we discuss current progress in anti-melanoma therapies involving a combination of HDAC inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and MAPK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
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30
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Madorsky Rowdo FP, Barón A, Gallagher SJ, Hersey P, Emran AA, Von Euw EM, Barrio MM, Mordoh J. Epigenetic inhibitors eliminate senescent melanoma BRAFV600E cells that survive long‑term BRAF inhibition. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1429-1441. [PMID: 32236593 PMCID: PMC7170042 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that ~50% of patients with melanoma harbour B‑Raf (BRAF)V600 driver mutations, with the most common of these being BRAFV600E, which leads to the activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase proliferative and survival pathways. BRAF inhibitors are used extensively to treat BRAF‑mutated metastatic melanoma; however, acquired resistance occurs in the majority of patients. The effects of long‑term treatment with PLX4032 (BRAFV600 inhibitor) were studied in vitro on sensitive V600E BRAF‑mutated melanoma cell lines. After several weeks of treatment with PLX4032, the majority of the melanoma cells died; however, a proportion of cells remained viable and quiescent, presenting senescent cancer stem cell‑like characteristics. This surviving population was termed SUR cells, as discontinuing treatment allowed the population to regrow while retaining equal drug sensitivity to that of parental cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SUR cells exhibit changes in the expression of 1,415 genes (P<0.05) compared with parental cells. Changes in the expression levels of a number of epigenetic regulators were also observed. These changes and the reversible nature of the senescence state were consistent with epigenetic regulation; thus, it was investigated as to whether the senescent state could be reversed by epigenetic inhibitors. It was found that both parental and SUR cells were sensitive to different histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, such as SAHA and MGCD0103, and to the cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK)9 inhibitor, CDKI‑73, which induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation both in the parental and SUR populations. The results suggested that the combination of PLX4032 with HDAC and CDK9 inhibitors may achieve complete elimination of SUR cells that persist after BRAF inhibitor treatment, and reduce the development of resistance to BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Paula Madorsky Rowdo
- Cancerology Laboratory, Leloir Institute‑Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IIBBA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Antonela Barón
- Cancerology Laboratory, Leloir Institute‑Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IIBBA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Stuart John Gallagher
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Erika M Von Euw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology‑Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - María Marcela Barrio
- Oncology Research Center‑Cancer Foundation (FUCA), Buenos Aires C1426 ANZ, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Cancerology Laboratory, Leloir Institute‑Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IIBBA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
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31
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Lyu X, Hu M, Peng J, Zhang X, Sanders YY. HDAC inhibitors as antifibrotic drugs in cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319862697. [PMID: 31367296 PMCID: PMC6643173 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319862697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis usually results from dysregulated wound repair and is characterized by
excessive scar tissue. It is a complex process with unclear mechanisms.
Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations, including histone
acetylation, play a pivotal role in this process. Histone acetylation is
governed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs).
HDACs are enzymes that remove the acetyl groups from both histone and nonhistone
proteins. Aberrant HDAC activities are observed in fibrotic diseases, including
cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are molecules that
block HDAC functions. HDACIs have been studied extensively in a variety of
tumors. Currently, there are four HDACIs approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration for cancer treatment yet none for fibrotic diseases. Emerging
evidence from in vitro and in vivo preclinical
studies has presented beneficial effects of HDACIs in preventing or reversing
fibrogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of the roles of
HDACs in the pathogenesis of cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis and highlight the
potential applications of HDACIs in these two fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieting Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19 Street South, BMRII Room 408, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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32
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Abstract
L. Altucci and R. Benedetti discuss the study by Chua et al (in this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine), in which co‐targeting of FGFR signaling increases the responses of metastatic uveal melanoma to BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
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33
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, the importance of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment outcomes will be discussed. The outcomes of phase II and III clinical trials of direct HIF inhibitors in the treatment of cancer will be reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS The HIF signaling pathway is activated by tumor-induced hypoxia or by inactivating mutations of the VHL gene. HIF is a transcription factor which regulates the expression of genes involved in adjusting mechanisms to hypoxia such as angiogenesis or apoptosis as well as tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The HIF pathway has a key role in development of resistance to different treatment modalities and higher expression of the HIF molecule is associated with poor prognosis. Clinical studies of the HIF inhibitors in patients with advanced/refractory cancers suggest benefit and warrant further studies of the HIF inhibitors either as a single agent or in combination with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Fallah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk CA60, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Brian I Rini
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk CA60, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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34
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Combination of chemotherapy and physical plasma elicits melanoma cell death via upregulation of SLC22A16. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1179. [PMID: 30518936 PMCID: PMC6281583 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive cancer that develops drug resistance leading to poor prognosis. Efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor tissue remains a major challenge in treatment regimens. Using murine (B16) and human (SK-MEL-28) melanoma cells, we investigated traditional cytotoxic agents in combination with cold physical plasma-derived oxidants. We report synergistic cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and epirubicin, and additive toxicity of oxaliplatin with plasma exposure in coefficient of drug interaction analysis. The combination treatment led to an increased DNA damage response (increased phosphorylation of ATM, γ-H2AX foci, and micronuclei formation). There was also an enhanced secretion of immunogenic cell death markers ATP and CXCL10 in cell culture supernatants following combination treatment. The observed synergistic effects in tumor cells was due to enhanced intracellular doxorubicin accumulation via upregulation of the organic cationic transporter SLC22A16 by plasma treatment. The doxorubicin uptake was reversed by pretreating cells with antioxidants or calcium influx inhibitor BTP2. Endoribonuclease-prepared siRNAs (esiRNA)-mediated knockdown of SLC22A16 inhibited the additive cytotoxic effect in tumor cells. SK-MEL 28 and THP-1 monocytes co-culture led to greater THP-1 cell migration and SK-MEL-28 cytotoxicity when compared with controls. Taken together, we propose pro-oxidant treatment modalities to sensitize chemoresistant melanoma cells towards subsequent chemotherapy, which may serve as therapeutic strategy in combination treatment in oncology.
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35
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Luther C, Swami U, Zhang J, Milhem M, Zakharia Y. Advanced stage melanoma therapies: Detailing the present and exploring the future. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 133:99-111. [PMID: 30661664 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma therapies have proliferated over the last ten years. Prior to this, decades passed with only very few drugs available to offer our patients, and even then, those few drugs had minimal survival benefits. Many treatment options emerged over the last ten years with diverse mechanisms of action. Further, combination regimens have demonstrated superiority over monotherapy, especially for targeted agents. Each therapeutic combination possesses different advantages and side effect profiles. In this review, we outline the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved melanoma treatment agents and therapies currently in clinical development, focusing on combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Luther
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Umang Swami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Levinzon L, Madigan M, Nguyen V, Hasic E, Conway M, Cherepanoff S. Tumour Expression of Histone Deacetylases in Uveal Melanoma. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2018; 5:153-161. [PMID: 31049320 DOI: 10.1159/000490038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the expression of histone deacetylase enzymes in uveal melanoma tumour cells. Procedures This is an observational immunohistochemical study of 16 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes enucleated for uveal melanoma between January 2001 and March 2002. Haematoxylin and eosin paraffin sections were reviewed for histopathological parameters according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition. Sections were then immunohistochemically stained for histone deacetylases 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 and sirtuin 2 using an automated Leica Bond II platform and Fast Red chromogen, then digitally scanned using Aperio software before assessment of staining. Results Nuclear expression of histone deacetylases 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 and of sirtuin 2 was confirmed in uveal melanoma tumour cells. In addition, the tumour cells showed cytoplasmic expression of histone deacetylases 4 and 6 and sirtuin 2. Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining was also seen in intraocular tissues uninvolved by the tumour. Conclusion Uveal melanoma tumour cells express histone deacetylases 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 and sirtuin 2, confirming potential tissue targets for histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Levinzon
- Save Site Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michele Madigan
- Save Site Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vuong Nguyen
- Save Site Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enisa Hasic
- Save Site Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Max Conway
- Save Site Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- Save Site Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hasim MS, Nessim C, Villeneuve PJ, Vanderhyden BC, Dimitroulakos J. Activating Transcription Factor 3 as a Novel Regulator of Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:988-998. [PMID: 29940414 PMCID: PMC6039300 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are used as first-line chemotherapeutics, usually in combination therapies, for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. While these drugs have been successful therapeutic options, their use is limited due to serious drug related toxicities and acquired tumor resistance. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms that mediate doxorubicin's cytotoxic effect will lead to the identification of novel more efficacious combination therapies and allow for reduced doses of doxorubicin to be administered while maintaining efficacy. In our study, we demonstrate that activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 expression was upregulated by doxorubicin treatment in a representative panel of human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. We have also shown that doxorubicin treatment can induce ATF3 expression in ex vivo human breast and ovarian tumor samples. The upregulation of ATF3 in the cell lines was regulated by multiple cellular mechanisms including the activation of JNK and ATM signaling pathways. Importantly, loss of ATF3 expression resulted in reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin treatment in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Through a 1200 FDA-approved compound library screen, we identified a number of agents whose cytotoxicity is dependent on ATF3 expression that also enhanced doxorubicin induced cytotoxicity. For example, the combination of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat or the nucleoside analogue trifluridine could synergistically enhance doxorubicin cytotoxicity in the MCF7 cell line. Synergy in cell lines with the combination of ATF3 inducers and patients with elevated basal levels of ATF3 shows enhanced response to chemotherapy. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for ATF3 in mediating doxorubicin cytotoxicity and provide rationale for the combination of ATF3-inducing agents with doxorubicin as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Hasim
- Cancer Therapeutics Program at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Nessim
- Department of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jim Dimitroulakos
- Cancer Therapeutics Program at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is accomplished primarily through DNA methylation, histone modification, and gene silencing via the action of microRNAs. While previously very difficult to study, the field of epigenetics has been greatly facilitated by recent technological innovations. Alterations in the epigenome and epigenetic machinery are now known to be present in a variety of diseases, most notably cancers. Moreover, evidence has emerged that epigenetic dysregulation plays a causative role in disease pathogenesis. Novel drugs that alter the epigenetic landscape have been developed and are now available as treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and other blood cancers. Epigenetic changes in CTCL have been studied extensively and continue to be a focus of drug development. Given the success of epigenetic therapies for CTCL, epigenetic research has begun to expand into other dermatologic conditions, including primary skin cancers and immune-mediated diseases. This article provides an overview of current epigenetic therapies for CTCL and reviews the epigenetics of other dermatologic diseases, including melanoma, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis, with attention toward potential epigenetic pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Mervis
- a Department of Dermatology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- a Department of Dermatology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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Hornig E, Heppt MV, Graf SA, Ruzicka T, Berking C. Inhibition of histone deacetylases in melanoma-a perspective from bench to bedside. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:831-838. [PMID: 27792246 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critically involved in epigenetic gene regulation through alterations of the chromatin status of DNA. Aberrant expression, dysregulation of their enzymatic activity or imbalances between HDACs and histone acetyltransferases are likely involved in the development and progression of cancer. Pharmacologic inhibition of HDACs shows potent antitumor activity in a panel of malignancies such as colon or gastric cancer and multiple myeloma. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of HDACs in melanoma and evaluate the application of HDAC inhibition from an experimental and clinical perspective. The molecular functions of HDACs can be classified into histone and non-histone effects with diverse implications in proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. HDAC inhibition results in G1 cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis and increases the immunogenicity of melanoma cells. Some studies proposed that HDAC inhibition may overcome the resistance of melanoma cells to BRAF inhibition. Several inhibitors such as vorinostat, entinostat and valproic acid have recently been tested in phase I and early phase II trials, yet most agents show limited efficacy and tolerability as single agents. The most frequent adverse events of HDAC inhibition comprise haematological toxicity, fatigue, nausea and laboratory abnormalities. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) may sensitize melanoma cells to immunotherapy and targeted therapy and hence bear therapeutic potential concurrent with immune checkpoint blockade or BRAF and MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hornig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia A Graf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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Vorinostat and Simvastatin have synergistic effects on triple-negative breast cancer cells via abrogating Rab7 prenylation. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:161-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Borst A, Haferkamp S, Grimm J, Rösch M, Zhu G, Guo S, Li C, Gao T, Meierjohann S, Schrama D, Houben R. BIK is involved in BRAF/MEK inhibitor induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2017; 404:70-78. [PMID: 28720543 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma specific inhibitors of BRAFV600E and MEK1/2 frequently induce initial tumor reduction, frequently followed by relapse. As demonstrated previously, BRAFV600E-inhibition induces apoptosis only in a fraction of treated cells, while the remaining arrest and survive providing a source or a niche for relapse. To identify factors contributing to the differential initial response towards BRAF/MEK inhibition, we established M14 melanoma cell line-derived single cell clones responding to treatment with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib predominantly with either cell cycle arrest (CCA-cells) or apoptosis (A-cells). Screening for differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes revealed loss of BCL2-Interacting Killer (BIK) mRNA in CCA-cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of BIK in CCA-cells resulted in increased apoptosis rates following vemurafenib/trametinib treatment, while knockdown/knockout of BIK in A-cells attenuated the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we demonstrate reversible epigenetic silencing of BIK mRNA expression in CCA-cells. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment associated with re-expression of BIK augmented sensitivity of CCA-cells towards vemurafenib/trametinib treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that BIK can be a critical mediator of melanoma cell fate determination in response to MAPK pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Grimm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rösch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Bis-anthracycline WP760 abrogates melanoma cell growth by transcription inhibition, p53 activation and IGF1R downregulation. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:545-555. [PMID: 28417283 PMCID: PMC5613070 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapeutics, e.g. doxorubicin and daunorubicin, are active against a broad spectrum of cancers. Their cytotoxicity is mainly attributed to DNA intercalation, interference with topoisomerase activity, and induction of double-stranded DNA breaks. Since modification of anthracyclines can profoundly affect their pharmacological properties we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action, and identify possible molecular targets, of bis-anthracycline WP760 which previously demonstrated anti-melanoma activity at low nanomolar concentrations. We studied the effect of WP760 on several human melanoma cell lines derived from tumors in various development stages and having different genetic backgrounds. WP760 inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 = 1-99 nM), impaired clonogenic cell survival (100 nM), and inhibited spheroid growth (≥300 nM). WP760 did not induce double-stranded DNA breaks but strongly inhibited global transcription. Moreover, WP760 caused nucleolar stress and led to activation of the p53 pathway. PCR array analysis showed that WP760 suppressed transcription of ten genes (ABCC1, MTOR, IGF1R, EGFR, GRB2, PRKCA, PRKCE, HDAC4, TXNRD1, AKT1) associated with, inter alia, cytoprotective mechanisms initiated in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Furthermore, WP760 downregulated IGF1R and upregulated PLK2 expression in most of the tested melanoma cell lines. These results suggest that WP760 exerts anti-melanoma activity by targeting global transcription and activation of the p53 pathway and could become suitable as an effective therapeutic agent.
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Abstract
Drug-induced hyperglycaemia and diabetes is a global issue. It may be a serious problem, as it increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, infections, metabolic coma and even death. Drugs may induce hyperglycaemia through a variety of mechanisms, including alterations in insulin secretion and sensitivity, direct cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cells and increases in glucose production. Antihypertensive drugs are not equally implicated in increasing serum glucose levels. Glycaemic adverse events occur more frequently with thiazide diuretics and with certain beta-blocking agents than with calcium-channel blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system. Lipid-modifying agents may also induce hyperglycaemia, and the diabetogenic effect seems to differ between the different types and daily doses of statins. Nicotinic acid may also alter glycaemic control. Among the anti-infectives, severe life-threatening events have been reported with fluoroquinolones, especially when high doses are used. Protease inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been reported to induce alterations in glucose metabolism. Pentamidine-induced hyperglycaemia seems to be related to direct dysfunction in pancreatic cells. Phenytoin and valproic acid may also induce hyperglycaemia. The mechanisms of second-generation antipsychotic-associated hyperglycaemia, diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis are complex and are mainly due to insulin resistance. Antidepressant agents with high daily doses seem to be more frequently associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Ketoacidosis may occur in patients receiving beta-adrenergic stimulants, and theophylline may also induce hyperglycaemia. Steroid diabetes is more frequently associated with high doses of glucocorticoids. Some chemotherapeutic agents carry a higher risk of hyperglycaemia, and calcineurin inhibitor-induced hyperglycaemia is mainly due to a decrease in insulin secretion. Hyperglycaemia has been associated with oral contraceptives containing high doses of oestrogen. Growth hormone therapy and somatostatin analogues may also induce hyperglycaemia. Clinicians should be aware of medications that may alter glycaemia. Efforts should be made to identify and closely monitor patients receiving drugs that are known to induce hyperglycaemia.
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Parekh PR, Choudhuri R, Weyemi U, Martin OA, Bonner WM, Redon CE. Evaluation of surrogate tissues as indicators of drug activity in a melanoma skin model. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1731-41. [PMID: 27339860 PMCID: PMC4971901 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel cancer treatments is a challenging task, partly because results from model systems often fail to predict drug efficacy in humans, and also tumors are often inaccessible for biochemical analysis, preventing effective monitoring of drug activity in vivo. Utilizing a model system, we evaluated the use of drug-induced DNA damage in surrogate tissues as indicators of drug efficacy. Samples of a commercially available melanoma skin model (Mattek MLNM-FT-A375) containing keratinocyte and fibroblast layers with melanoma nodules were subjected to various chemotherapeutic regimens for one, four, or eight days. At these times they were analyzed for DNA double-stranded breaks (γH2AX foci) and apoptosis (TUNEL). A wide range of drug responses in both tumor and normal tissues were observed and cataloged. For the melanoma, the most common drug response was apoptosis. The basal keratinocyte layer, which was the most reliable indicator of drug response in the melanoma skin model, responded with γH2AX foci formation that was abrupt and transient. The relationships between tumor and surrogate tissue drug responses are complex, indicating that while surrogate tissue drug responses may be useful clinical tools, careful control of variables such as the timing of sampling may be important in interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak R Parekh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Greenbaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Genomic Integrity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rohini Choudhuri
- Genomic Integrity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Urbain Weyemi
- Genomic Integrity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Olga A Martin
- Genomic Integrity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.,Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging and Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William M Bonner
- Genomic Integrity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Genomic Integrity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Dupéré-Richer D, Kinal M, Pettersson F, Emond A, Calvo-Vidal MN, Nichol JN, Guilbert C, Plourde D, Klein Oros K, Nielsen TH, Ezponda T, Licht JD, Johnson NA, Assouline S, Cerchietti L, Miller WH, Mann KK. Increased protein processing gene signature in HDACi-resistant cells predicts response to proteasome inhibitors. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:218-221. [PMID: 27185211 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Dupéré-Richer
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Mena Kinal
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Filippa Pettersson
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Audrey Emond
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - M Nieves Calvo-Vidal
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Cornell University , New York , NY, USA
| | - Jessica N Nichol
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Cynthia Guilbert
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Dany Plourde
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Kathleen Klein Oros
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Torsten H Nielsen
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Teresa Ezponda
- c Division of Hematology/Oncology , Robert. H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- c Division of Hematology/Oncology , Robert. H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL, USA
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Sarit Assouline
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Cornell University , New York , NY, USA
| | - Wilson H Miller
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- a Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
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Nervi C, De Marinis E, Codacci-Pisanelli G. Epigenetic treatment of solid tumours: a review of clinical trials. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:127. [PMID: 26692909 PMCID: PMC4676165 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic treatment has been approved by regulatory agencies for haematological malignancies. The success observed in cutaneous lymphomas represents a proof of principle that similar results may be obtained in solid tumours. Several agents that interfere with DNA methylation-demethylation and histones acetylation/deacetylation have been studied, and some (such as azacytidine, decitabine, valproic acid and vorinostat) are already in clinical use. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of the molecular events underlying the antitumour effects of epigenetic treatments and to summarise data available on clinical trials that tested the use of epigenetic agents against solid tumours. We not only list results but also try to indicate how the proper evaluation of this treatment might result in a better selection of effective agents and in a more rapid development. We divided compounds in demethylating agents and HDAC inhibitors. For each class, we report the antitumour activity and the toxic side effects. When available, we describe plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic evaluation in tumours and in surrogate tissues (generally white blood cells). Epigenetic treatment is a reality in haematological malignancies and deserves adequate attention in solid tumours. A careful consideration of available clinical data however is required for faster drug development and possibly to re-evaluate some molecules that were perhaps discarded too early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Rome "la Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica, 97, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Rome "la Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica, 97, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Codacci-Pisanelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Rome "la Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica, 97, 04100 Latina, Italy
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