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Effect of Polymorphisms in the FCN1, FCN2, and FCN3 Genes on the Susceptibility to Develop Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Int J Rheumatol 2022; 2022:1730996. [PMID: 36569030 PMCID: PMC9780007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1730996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies in rheumatoid arthritis conducted in various populations have yielded heterogeneous results. The present systematic review was conducted to synthesize the results of the studies in order to establish the impact of polymorphisms in the ficolin-coding genes FCN1, FCN2, and FCN3 on the susceptibility to develop rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic literature review was performed using the following keywords "gene (FCN1/FCN2/FCN3)", "Polymorphism/Genetic Variant", and "rheumatoid arthritis" in different databases until January 2022. Authors assessed articles by title/abstract and then assessed by full text for data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data synthesis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 1519 articles were eligible for inclusion in this review, 3 were identified as relevant for the quantitative synthesis with 670 patients and 1019 controls. For the FCN1 gene, an association was found in the dominant and recessive genetic models of the variants rs2989727 (genotype TT = OR: 0.577, 95% CI: 0.430-0.769) and rs1071583 (genotype GG = OR: 1.537, 95% CI: 1.153-2.049, p = 0.0032) with the development of rheumatoid arthritis as a protective or susceptibility factor. FCN2 and FCN3 genes did not show association with disease development. The FCN1 gene variants rs2989727 and rs1071583 are associated with the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in populations from Brazil and Belgium, but not in FCN2 and FCN3 gene variants.
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Serum Levels of Ficolin-3 and Mannose-Binding Lectin in Patients with Leprosy and Their Family Contacts in a Hyperendemic Region in Northeastern Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7050071. [PMID: 35622698 PMCID: PMC9145322 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at analyzing the serum levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-3 (FCN3) in leprosy patients and their healthy family contacts in a hyperendemic region in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 90 patients who had been diagnosed with leprosy and 79 healthy family contacts. Serum levels of the MBL and FCN3 proteins were measured using the immunofluorometric assay (ELISA). Clinical information was determined from the patients’ charts. It was observed that the leprosy patients were more likely to be male (OR = 2.17; p = 0.01) and younger than fifteen years of age (OR = 2.01; p = 0.03) when compared to the family contacts. Those under 15 years of age had higher levels of MBL (4455 ng/mL) than those over 15 years of age (2342 ng/mL; p = 0.018). Higher FCN3 levels were identified in patients with indeterminate leprosy (41.9 µg/mL) compared to those with the lepromatous form (34.3 µg/mL; p = 0.033) and in those with no physical disabilities (38.1 µg/mL) compared to those with some disability (p = 0.031). Higher FCN3 levels were also observed in the group of patients without leprosy reactions (37.4 µg/mL) compared to those with type 1 (33.7 µg/mL) and type 2 (36.1 µg/mL) reactions. The MBL levels were higher in children under 15 years of age than they were in adults. It was evidenced that higher FCN3 serum levels were associated with early and transient clinical forms and lower expression in severe forms of leprosy.
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Olszowski T, Milona M, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Safranow K, Uzar I, Walczak A, Sikora M, Chlubek D, Adler G. FCN1 polymorphisms are not the markers of dental caries susceptibility in Polish children: A case-control study. Oral Dis 2022; 28:771-776. [PMID: 33600013 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of four FCN1 SNPs: -542G>A (rs10120023), -144C>A (rs10117466), +6658C>T (rs148649884), and +7895A>G (rs150625869) with dental caries in Polish children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 261 15-year-old Polish teenagers: 82 children with "higher" caries experience (having Decayed Missing Filled Teeth, DMFT >5) and 179 children with "lower" caries experience (having DMFT ≤5). Moreover, in additional comparison, a group of 229 children with caries experience (DMFT ≥1) was compared to a caries-free (DMFT =0) group of 32 children. Extraction of genomic DNA was performed from buccal swabs, and genotyping was performed by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS FCN1 SNPs +6658C>T and +7895A>G appeared to be monomorphic in our sample. The genotype, allele, or haplotype distributions in FCN1 SNPs -542G>A and -144C>A in children with "higher" caries experience did not differ significantly from those in "lower" caries experience group. Similar results with no significant differences were demonstrated for subjects with DMFT ≥1 compared to subjects with DMFT =0. CONCLUSION FCN1 SNPs are not the markers of dental caries susceptibility in Polish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Milona
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Uzar
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Walczak
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Kielce, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Tsakanova G, Stepanyan A, Steffensen R, Soghoyan A, Jensenius JC, Arakelyan A. Pattern Recognition Molecules of Lectin Complement Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1347-1368. [PMID: 34707385 PMCID: PMC8544564 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s326242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to investigate in an Armenian population the levels of pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of lectin complement pathway (LCP), MBL (mannan-binding lectin) and M-ficolin in plasma in ischemic stroke (IS), and the possible association of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2, FCN1 and FCN2 genes. Patients and Methods A total of 122 patients with IS and 150 control subjects were included in this study. Immunofluorometric assays (TRIFMAs) and real-time polymerase chain reactions with TaqMan probes were conducted. Results According to the results, the levels of M-ficolin in IS patients are significantly higher than in control subjects, and the MBL2 rs11003125 and rs12780112 SNPs, as well as MBL2 rs12780112*T and FCN1 rs10120023*T minor alleles (MAs) are negatively associated with the risk of IS. Further, MBL2 rs11003125 and rs1800450 SNPs and the carriage of their MAs, as well as FCN1 rs2989727 SNP and the carriage of FCN1 rs10120023*T MA significantly alter plasma MBL and M-ficolin levels in IS patients, respectively. Five common haplotypes in MBL2 gene and three common haplotypes in FCN1 and FCN2 genes were revealed, among which CGTC was negatively associated with IS and decreasing MBL plasma levels in IS. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that LCP PRMs are associated with the risk of developing IS, and may also participate in pathological events leading to post-ischemic brain damage. This study emphasizes the important contribution of alterations of LCP PRMs on genomic and proteomic levels to the pathomechanisms of ischemic stroke, at least in an Armenian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.,CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Stepanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Armine Soghoyan
- "Surb Grigor Lusavorich" Medical Center CJSC, Yerevan, Armenia
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Li Y, You E, Lin W, Liu X, Shen D, Zhang X, Ma D, Li H. Association of ficolin-1 and ficolin-3 gene variation and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility in a Chinese population. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23732. [PMID: 33591573 PMCID: PMC8059754 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to estimate the association of ficolin-1 (FCN1) gene (rs10120023, rs1071583) and ficolin-3 (FCN3) gene (rs3813800, rs10794501) polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility, as well as their several clinical features, in a Chinese population. METHODS This study included a cohort of 489 PTB patients and 489 healthy controls, and the four SNPs were genotyped by improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). RESULTS We found that there were no significant differences regarding the allele and genotype frequencies of FCN1 rs10120023, rs1071583 and FCN3 rs3813800, rs10794501 between PTB patients and healthy controls (all p > 0.05). The association of three main haplotypes (CC, CT, and TC) in FCN1 and three main haplotypes (CT, GA, and GT) in FCN3 with PTB susceptibility was also analyzed, and no significant association was detected (all p > 0.05). In FCN1, the rs1071583 TT genotype was significantly associated with the occurrence of drug resistance in PTB patients (p = 0.040). In addition, the GG genotype and G allele frequencies of rs3813800 in FCN3 gene were significantly higher in PTB patients with pulmonary infection (p = 0.027, p = 0.020, respectively). CONCLUSIONS FCN1 and FCN3 genetic variation were not contributed to the pathogenesis of PTB in Chinese. While rs1071583 and rs3813800 variant might associate with several clinical characteristics of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - En‐Qing You
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Wen‐Hong Lin
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiao‐Ning Liu
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - De‐Pei Shen
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xin‐Li Zhang
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Dong‐Chun Ma
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hong‐Miao Li
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute)HefeiAnhuiChina
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Boldt ABW, Oliveira-Toré CDF, Kretzschmar GC, Weinschutz Mendes H, Stinghen ST, Andrade FA, Bumiller-Bini V, Gonçalves LB, Braga ACDM, Stahlke EVRS, Velavan TP, Thiel S, de Messias-Reason IJT. Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Leprosy Patients: A Case for Polymorphisms Compromising Activation of the Lectin Pathway and Complement Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 11:574457. [PMID: 33643280 PMCID: PMC7904891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of leprosy patients not only suffer from physical deformities, but also either have or have had hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. Polymorphisms of the complement system modulate susceptibility to leprosy, but genetic susceptibility to past or present HBV infection is unknown. We used sequencing and multiplex sequence-specific PCR to genotype 72 polymorphisms of seven genes (MBL2, FCN1, FCN2, FCN3, MASP1, MASP2, C3) encoding components of the lectin pathway, and two genes encoding complement receptors (CR1, VSIG4) in 190 patients, of which 74 were positive for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc (HBV+, 93.2% with a resolved infection) and 116 lepromatous patients, and 408 HBV-blood donors. In addition, we tested for levels of proteins of the lectin pathway. We found no difference between serum concentrations of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), MBL-associated serine proteins (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp44), ficolin-3 (FCN-3), soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) and MBL mediated C4 activation, measured by ELISA or TRIFMA in up to 167 HBV+ and HBV- patients. Haplotypes lowering protein levels or encoding dysfunctional proteins increased susceptibility to HBV infection: MBL2*LYQC (OR = 3.4, p = 0.02), MASP1*AC_CC (OR = 4.0, p = 0.015) and MASP2*1C2-l (OR = 5.4, p = 0.03). Conversely, FCN1*3C2 haplotype, associated with higher gene expression, was protective (OR = 0.56, P = 0.033). Other haplotypes associated with HBV susceptibility were: MASP2*2B1-i (OR = 19.25, P = 0.003), CR1*3A (OR = 2.65, P = 0.011) and VSIG4*TGGRCG (OR = 12.55, P = 0.014). Some polymorphisms in ficolin genes associated with lower protein levels increased susceptibility to leprosy/HBV infection: FCN*1 (OR = 1.66, P = 0.029), FCN2*GGGCAC (OR = 6.73, P = 0.008), and FCN3*del_del_C (OR = 12.54, P = 0.037), and to lepromatous disease/HBV infection: FCN2*TA (OR = 2.5, P = 0.009), whereas FCN2*MAG was associated with increased FCN-2 expression and resistance against coinfection (OR = 0.29, P = 0.026). These associations were independent of demographic factors and did not increase susceptibility to leprosy per se, except MASP2*1C2-l. Associations for FCN2, FCN3, MASP1, MASP2, and VSIG4 variants were also independent of each other. In conclusion, polymorphisms compromising activation of the lectin pathway of complement increase susceptibility to HBV infection, with ficolin polymorphisms playing a major role in modulating the susceptibility among leprosy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camila de Freitas Oliveira-Toré
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hellen Weinschutz Mendes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sérvio Túlio Stinghen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Valéria Bumiller-Bini
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letícia Boslooper Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina de Moraes Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iara José Taborda de Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Gomaa MH, Khidr EG, Elshafei A, Hamza HS, Fattouh AM, El-Husseiny AA, Aglan A, Eldeib MG. The clinical value of ficolin-3 gene polymorphism in rheumatic heart disease. An Egyptian adolescents study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:36. [PMID: 33499929 PMCID: PMC7836457 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ficolin-3 is one of the innate immunity molecules that was thought to play a pivotal role in Streptococcus pyogenes autoimmunity and its complications; rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). We aimed to disclose if there is an association between ficolin-3 (FCN3) gene polymorphisms (rs4494157 and rs10794501) and RF with or without RHD for the first time in Egyptian adolescents. RESULTS Serum ficolin-3 level was significantly elevated in patients suffering from RF with and without RHD in comparison with control. Regarding FCN3 gene (rs4494157) polymorphism, a significant correlation was found between the A allele and the susceptibility to RF with or without RHD (OR = 2.93, P = 0.0002 and OR = 2.23, P = 0.008 respectively). Besides, AA homozygous genotype showed a significant association with RHD risk (OR = 3.47, P = 0.026). Patients carrying the A allele (CA + AA) had significantly higher serum ficolin-3 than those carrying the CC genotype (P ˂ 0.0001). While the frequency of (rs10794501) polymorphism revealed no significant differences between the controls and RF patients with or without RHD (OR = 1.43, P = 0.261 and OR = 1.48, P = 0.208 respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher H Gomaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala S Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Fattouh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aglan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gomaa Eldeib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Pieczarka C, Andrade FA, Catarino SJ, Lidani KCF, Bavia L, Tizzot R, Skare T, de Messias-Reason IJ. Ficolin-1 and ficolin-3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:400-407. [PMID: 32820945 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1809654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, which compromises the synovial membrane resulting in chronic inflammation. Ficolins are key proteins of the lectin pathway of complement able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, apoptotic cells, and cellular debris mediating the clearance by phagocytes. High ficolin-1 and ficolin-3 levels have been observed in RA patients, however, the influence of polymorphisms in the FCN1 gene in RA is not completely established, while no study evaluated FCN3 gene polymorphisms in RA to date. We investigated the influence of FCN1 and FCN3 gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility and clinical presentation of RA. A total of 148 patients with RA and up to 160 controls from Southern Brazil were genotyped by sequence-specific PCR (PCR-SSP) for five FCN1 promoter polymorphisms (rs2989727, rs10120023, rs17039495, rs10117466, and rs10858293) and three FCN3 gene variants (rs532781899, rs28362807, and rs4494157). The FCN1 g.-542GG (rs10120023) genotype and g.-542G allele, were associated with increased susceptibility to RA (p = .025, OR = 1.69 [1.07-2.69]; p = .041, OR = 1.47 [1.02-2.12], respectively) and related to decreased FCN1 gene expression in whole blood (p < .00001), according to gene expression databases. In addition, the FCN1 AAGAG haplotype was more prevalent in rheumatoid factor seronegative in comparison to seropositive patients (p = .006, OR = 0.042 [0.002-0.80]). There was no association of FCN3 polymorphisms with the susceptibility or clinical characteristics of RA. Our results indicate that the FCN1 rs10120023 [g.-542G>A] polymorphism in the promoter region might contribute to RA susceptibility, probably by impacting FCN1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhine Pieczarka
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sandra Jeremias Catarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Regina Tizzot
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thelma Skare
- Rheumatology Unit, Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
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Wu X, Yao D, Bao L, Liu D, Xu X, An Y, Zhang X, Cao B. Ficolin A derived from local macrophages and neutrophils protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by activating complement. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:595-606. [PMID: 32339310 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins are important and widely distributed pattern recognition molecules that can induce lectin complement pathway activation and initiate the innate immune response. Although ficolins can bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, the sources, dynamic changes and roles of local ficolins in LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a ficolin knockout mouse model by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, and used flow cytometry and hematoxylin and eosin staining to study the expressions and roles of local ficolins in LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury. Our results show that besides ficolin B (FcnB), ficolin A (FcnA) is also expressed in leukocytes from the bone marrow, peripheral blood, lung and spleen. Further analyses showed that macrophages and neutrophils are the main sources of FcnA and FcnB, and T and B cells also express a small amount of FcnB. The intranasal administration of LPS induced local pulmonary inflammation with the increased recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. LPS stimulation induced increased expression of FcnA and FcnB in neutrophils at the acute stage and in macrophages at the late stage. The severity of the lung injury and local inflammation of Fcna-/- mice was increased by the induction of extracellular complement activation. The recovery of LPS-induced local lung inflammation and injury was delayed in Fcnb-/- mice. Hence, these findings suggested that the local macrophage- and neutrophil-derived FcnA protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by mediating extracellular complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Duoduo Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Di Liu
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yunqing An
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bin Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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Sokołowska A, Świerzko AS, Szala-Poździej A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Kozińska M, Niemiec T, Błachnio M, Borkowska-Tatar D, Jensenius JC, Thiel S, Dziadek J, Cedzyński M. Selected factors of the innate immunity in Polish patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151905. [PMID: 32007302 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study of 453 Polish patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and 267 healthy controls. Selected polymorphisms of the genes encoding for collectins, ficolins and MBL-associated serine protease 2 were investigated as were serum concentrations of mannose-binding lectin, surfactant protein D, ficolin-1 and ficolin-3. The number of MBL2 gene exon 1 variant allele carriers was significantly higher in patients, compared with controls. The homozygosity for SFTPA2 +26 C > A SNP variant allele occurred less commonly within TB, while homozygosity for the FCN1 -542 G > A major allele was less frequent within the control group. Two patients were found MASP-2-deficient. Serum concentrations of MBL, SP-D and ficolin-1 were higher amongst patients while the converse was found for ficolin-3. Ficolin-1 had high specificity to differentiate between individuals with tuberculosis and healthy persons and therefore may be considered potential disease marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sokołowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szala-Poździej
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Monika Kozińska
- Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Plocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Niemiec
- The Voivodeship Hospital of Lung Diseases in Jaroszowiec, Kolejowa 1a, 32-312, Jaroszowiec, Poland
| | - Maria Błachnio
- Masovian Center of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis Treatment, Narutowicza 80, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | | | - Jens C Jensenius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Laboratory of Mycobacterium Genetics and Physiology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland.
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Elkoumi MA, Abdellatif SH, Mohamed FY, Sherif AH, Elashkar SSA, Saleh RM, Boraey NF, Abdelaal NM, Akeel NE, Elhewala AA, Mosbah AA, Zakaria MT, Soliman MM, Salah A, Sedky YM, Sobieh AA, Mashali MH, Waked NM, Elshreif AM, Hafez SF, Hashem MIA, Shehab MM, Soliman AA, Emam AA, Ahmed AAA, Fahim MS, Elshehawy NA, Abdel-Aziz MM, Abdou AM, El-Shehawy AA, Youssef MAA, Fahmy DS, Malek MM, Osman SF, Ibrahim MAM, Alanwar MI, Zeidan NMS. Ficolin-1 gene (FCN1) -144 C/A polymorphism is associated with adverse outcome of severe pneumonia in the under-five Egyptian children: A multicenter study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1175-1183. [PMID: 32142211 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the foremost cause of child death worldwide. M-ficolin is encoded by the FCN1 gene and represents a novel link between innate and adaptive immunity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the FCN1 -144 C/A (rs10117466) polymorphism as a potential marker for pneumonia severity and adverse outcome namely complications or mortality in the under-five Egyptian children. METHODS This was a prospective multicenter study that included 620 children hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe pneumonia and 620 matched healthy control children. Polymorphism rs10117466 of the FCN1 gene promoter was analyzed by PCR-SSP, while serum M-ficolin levels were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The FCN1 A/A genotype and A allele at the -144 position were more frequently observed in patients compared to the control children (43.4% vs 27.6%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.18-2.2]; for the A/A genotype) and (60.8% vs 52.5%; OR: 1.4; [95% CI: 1.19-1.65]; for the A allele); P < .01. The FCN1 -144 A/A homozygous patients had significantly higher serum M-ficolin concentrations (mean: 1844 ± 396 ng/mL) compared with those carrying the C/C or C/A genotype (mean: 857 ± 278 and 1073 ± 323 ng/mL, respectively; P = .002). FCN1 -144 A/A genotype was an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in children with severe pneumonia (adjusted OR = 4.85, [95% CI: 2.96-10.25]; P = .01). CONCLUSION The FCN1 A/A genotype at the -144 position was associated with high M-ficolin serum levels and possibly contributes to enhanced inflammatory response resulting in the adverse outcome of pneumonia in the under-five Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elkoumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sawsan H Abdellatif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Faisal Y Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Sherif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S A Elashkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rabab M Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Boraey
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - NourEldin M Abdelaal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa E Akeel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elhewala
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira A Mosbah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat T Zakaria
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Sedky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Sobieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mashali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nevin M Waked
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anas M Elshreif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahbaa F Hafez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mustafa I A Hashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Shehab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attia A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Emam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed S Fahim
- Department of Anathesia, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Elshehawy
- Department of Anathesia, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Anathesia, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdou
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Shehawy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A A Youssef
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Fahmy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mai M Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Osman
- Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Mohamed A M Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Alanwar
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nancy M S Zeidan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Weinschutz Mendes H, Boldt ABW, von Rosen Seeling Stahlke E, Jensenius JC, Thiel S, Messias-Reason IJT. Adding MASP1 to the lectin pathway-Leprosy association puzzle: Hints from gene polymorphisms and protein levels. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007534. [PMID: 32240160 PMCID: PMC7162614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition of complement factors on Mycobacterium leprae may enhance phagocytosis. Such deposition may occur through the lectin pathway of complement. Three proteins of the lectin pathway are produced from the gene MASP1: Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) and MASP-3 and mannan-binding lectin-associated protein of 44 kDa (MAp44). Despite their obvious importance, the roles played by these proteins have never been investigated in leprosy disease. METHODOLOGY We haplotyped five MASP1 polymorphisms by multiplex sequence-specific PCR (intronic rs7609662*G>A and rs13064994*C>T, exon 12 3'-untranslated rs72549262*C>G, rs1109452*C>T and rs850314*G>A) and measured MASP-1, MASP-3 and MAp44 serum levels in 196 leprosy patients (60%, lepromatous) and 193 controls. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Lower MASP-3 and MAp44 levels were observed in patients, compared with controls (P = 0.0002 and P<0.0001, respectively) and in lepromatous, compared with non-lepromatous patients (P = 0.008 and P = 0.002, respectively). Higher MASP-3 levels were present in controls carrying variants/haplotypes associated with leprosy resistance (rs13064994*T, rs1109452_rs850314*CG within GT_CCG and rs850314*A: OR = 0.5-0.6, Pcorr = 0.01-0.04). Controls with rs1109452*T, included in susceptibility haplotypes (GT_GTG/GT_CTG: OR = 2.0, Pcorr = 0.03), had higher MASP-1 and lower MASP-3 levels (P≤0.009). Those with GC_CCG, presented increasing susceptibility (OR = 1.7, Pcorr = 0.006) and higher MAp44 levels (P = 0.015). MASP-3 expression decreased in patients, compared with controls carrying rs1109452_rs850314*CA or CG (P≤0.02), which may rely on exon 12 CpG methylation and/or miR-2861/miR-3181 mRNA binding. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms regulating MASP-3/MAp44 availability in serum modulate leprosy susceptibility, underlining the importance of lectin pathway regulation against pathogens that exploit phagocytosis to parasitize host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Weinschutz Mendes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iara J. Taborda Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Schröder-Braunstein J, Kirschfink M. Complement deficiencies and dysregulation: Pathophysiological consequences, modern analysis, and clinical management. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:299-311. [PMID: 31421540 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement defects are associated with an enhanced risk of a broad spectrum of infectious as well as systemic or local inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Inherited complement deficiencies have been described for virtually all complement components but can be mimicked by autoantibodies, interfering with the activity of specific complement components, convertases or regulators. While being rare, diseases related to complement deficiencies are often severe with a frequent but not exclusive manifestation during childhood. Whereas defects of early components of the classical pathway significantly increase the risk of autoimmune disorders, lack of components of the terminal pathway as well as of properdin are associated with an enhanced susceptibility to meningococcal infections. The impaired synthesis or function of C1 inhibitor results in the development of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Furthermore, complement dysregulation causes renal disorders such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) or C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) but also age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) results from the combined deficiency of the regulatory complement proteins CD55 and CD59, which is caused by somatic mutation of a common membrane anchor, isolated CD55 or CD59 deficiency is associated with the CHAPLE syndrome and polyneuropathy, respectively. Here, we provide an overview on clinical disorders related to complement deficiencies or dysregulation and describe diagnostic strategies required for their comprehensive molecular characterization - a prerequisite for informed decisions on the therapeutic management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Schröder-Braunstein
- University of Heidelberg, Institute of Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kirschfink
- University of Heidelberg, Institute of Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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A feedback loop involving FREP and NF-κB regulates the immune response of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:113-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Bidula S, Sexton DW, Schelenz S. Ficolins and the Recognition of Pathogenic Microorganisms: An Overview of the Innate Immune Response and Contribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3205072. [PMID: 30868077 PMCID: PMC6379837 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are innate pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and play integral roles within the innate immune response to numerous pathogens throughout the circulation, as well as within organs. Pathogens are primarily removed by direct opsonisation following the recognition of cell surface carbohydrates and other immunostimulatory molecules or via the activation of the lectin complement pathway, which results in the deposition of C3b and the recruitment of phagocytes. In recent years, there have been a number of studies implicating ficolins in the recognition and removal of numerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Moreover, there has been expanding evidence highlighting that mutations within these key immune proteins, or the possession of particular haplotypes, enhance susceptibility to colonization by pathogens and dysfunctional immune responses. This review will therefore encompass previous knowledge on the role of ficolins in the recognition of bacterial and viral pathogens, while acknowledging the recent advances in the immune response to fungal and parasitic infections. Additionally, we will explore the various genetic susceptibility factors that predispose individuals to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bidula
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Darren W. Sexton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
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Catarino SJ, Andrade FA, Boldt ABW, Guilherme L, Messias-Reason IJ. Sickening or Healing the Heart? The Association of Ficolin-1 and Rheumatic Fever. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3009. [PMID: 30619357 PMCID: PMC6305461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic fever (RF) and its subsequent progression to rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are chronic inflammatory disorders prevalent in children and adolescents in underdeveloped countries, and a contributing factor for high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Their primary cause is oropharynx infection by Streptococcus pyogenes, whose acetylated residues are recognized by ficolin-1. This is the only membrane-bound, as well as soluble activator molecule of the complement lectin pathway (LP). Although LP genetic polymorphisms are associated with RF, FCN1 gene's role remains unknown. To understand this role, we haplotyped five FCN1 promoter polymorphisms by sequence-specific amplification in 193 patients (138 with RHD and 55, RF only) and 193 controls, measuring ficolin-1 serum concentrations in 78 patients and 86 controls, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients presented lower ficolin-1 serum levels (p < 0.0001), but did not differ according to cardiac commitment. Control's genotype distribution was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Four alleles (rs2989727: c.-1981A, rs10120023: c.-542A, rs10117466: c.-144A, and rs10858293: c.33T), all associated with increased FCN1 gene expression in whole blood or adipose subcutaneous tissue (p = 0.000001), were also associated with increased protection against the disease. They occur within the *3C2 haplotype, associated with an increased protection against RF (OR = 0.41, p < 0.0001) and with higher ficolin-1 levels in patient serum (p = 0.03). In addition, major alleles of these same polymorphisms comprehend the most primitive *1 haplotype, associated with increased susceptibility to RF (OR = 1.76, p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, instead of having a clear-cut protective role, the minor c.-1981A and c.-144A alleles were also associated with additive susceptibility to valvar stenosis and mitral insufficiency (OR = 3.75, p = 0.009 and OR = 3.37, p = 0.027, respectively). All associations were independent of age, sex or ethnicity. Thus, minor FCN1 promoter variants may play a protective role against RF, by encouraging bacteria elimination as well as increasing gene expression and protein levels. On the other hand, they may also predispose the patients to RHD symptoms, by probably contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue injury, thus emphasizing the dual importance of ficolin-1 in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jeremias Catarino
- Molecular Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Molecular Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Molecular Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiza Guilherme
- Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Jose Messias-Reason
- Molecular Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Kretzschmar GC, Oliveira LC, Nisihara RM, Velavan TP, Stinghen ST, Stahlke ERS, Petzl-Erler ML, de Messias-Reason IJT, Boldt ABW. Complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) association with susceptibility to leprosy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006705. [PMID: 30092084 PMCID: PMC6103516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathophysiological mechanisms are still incompletely understood for leprosy, an urgent public health issue in Brazil. Complement receptor 1 (CR1) binds complement fragments C3b/C4b deposited on mycobacteria, mediating its entrance in macrophages. We investigated CR1 polymorphisms, gene expression and soluble CR1 levels in a case-control study with Brazilian leprosy patients, aiming to understand the role of this receptor in differential susceptibility to the disease. Methodology Nine polymorphisms were haplotyped by multiplex PCR-SSP in 213 leprosy patients (47% multibacillary) and 297 controls. mRNA levels were measured by qPCR and sCR1 by ELISA, in up to 80 samples. Principal findings Individuals with the most common recombinant haplotype harboring rs3849266*T in intron 21 and rs3737002*T in exon 26 (encoding p.1408Met of the York Yka+ antigen), presented twice higher susceptibility to leprosy (OR = 2.43, p = 0.017). Paucibacillary patients with these variants presented lower sCR1 levels, thus reducing the anti-inflammatory response (p = 0.040 and p = 0.046, respectively). Furthermore, the most ancient haplotype increased susceptibility to the multibacillary clinical form (OR = 3.04, p = 0.01) and presented the intronic rs12034383*G allele, which was associated with higher gene expression (p = 0.043), probably increasing internalization of the parasite. Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between the levels of sCR1 and mannose-binding lectin (initiator molecule of the lectin pathway of complement, recognized by CR1) (R = -0.52, p = 0.007). Conclusions The results lead us to suggest a regulatory role for CR1 polymorphisms on mRNA and sCR1 levels, with haplotype-specific effects increasing susceptibility to leprosy, probably by enhancing parasite phagocytosis and inflammation. The reasons for which some individuals resist Mycobacteria leprae infection, whereas others contract leprosy and only a subgroup of them become severely affected, are still poorly understood. The complement receptor 1 (CR1) serves as a gate for bacterial entry in macrophages, but its importance in the spread of infection and emergence of symptoms is unknown. Despite having many common structural and regulatory variants, the CR1 gene was investigated only once in a leprosy association study in Malawi. In order to fill in this gap, we investigated if CR1 polymorphisms are co-responsible for differential disease susceptibility in 213 leprosy patients and 297 controls, also measuring mRNA and soluble CR1 levels. Associations were dependent on specific combinations of variants in regulatory and coding regions, which were also associated with gene and protein expression. Thus, this study corroborates the importance of the CR1 receptor in the susceptibility to leprosy and is the first to bring information about CR1 polymorphisms in the Brazilian population, as well as to show the relationship between genotypes and mRNA and sCR1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Caroline Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato Mitsunori Nisihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Human Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese- German Center for Medical Research, VG-CARE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sérvio Túlio Stinghen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Iara José T. de Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Goicoechea de Jorge E, López Lera A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Yebenes H, Lopez-Trascasa M, Rodríguez de Córdoba S. Common and rare genetic variants of complement components in human disease. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:42-57. [PMID: 29914697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability in the complement system and its association with disease has been known for more than 50 years, but only during the last decade have we begun to understand how this complement genetic variability contributes to the development of diseases. A number of reports have described important genotype-phenotype correlations that associate particular diseases with genetic variants altering specific aspects of the activation and regulation of the complement system. The detailed functional characterization of some of these genetic variants provided key insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these pathologies, which is facilitating the design of specific anti-complement therapies. Importantly, these analyses have sometimes revealed unknown features of the complement proteins. As a whole, these advances have delineated the functional implications of genetic variability in the complement system, which supports the implementation of a precision medicine approach based on the complement genetic makeup of the patients. Here we provide an overview of rare complement variants and common polymorphisms associated with disease and discuss what we have learned from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goicoechea de Jorge
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto López Lera
- Research Institute Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugo Yebenes
- Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Pathology and Complement Genetics Unit. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Pathology and Complement Genetics Unit. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Fraser RS, Lumsden JS, Lillie BN. Identification of polymorphisms in the bovine collagenous lectins and their association with infectious diseases in cattle. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:533-546. [PMID: 29744529 PMCID: PMC6061482 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant issue in animal production systems, including both the dairy and beef cattle industries. Understanding and defining the genetics of infectious disease susceptibility in cattle is an important step in the mitigation of their impact. Collagenous lectins are soluble pattern recognition receptors that form an important part of the innate immune system, which serves as the first line of host defense against pathogens. Polymorphisms in the collagenous lectin genes have been shown in previous studies to contribute to infectious disease susceptibility, and in cattle, mutations in two collagenous lectin genes (MBL1 and MBL2) are associated with mastitis. To further characterize the contribution of variation in the bovine collagenous lectins to infectious disease susceptibility, we used a pooled NGS approach to identify short nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the collagenous lectins (and regulatory DNA) of cattle with (n = 80) and without (n = 40) infectious disease. Allele frequency analysis identified 74 variants that were significantly (p < 5 × 10−6) associated with infectious disease, the majority of which were clustered in a 29-kb segment upstream of the collectin locus on chromosome 28. In silico analysis of the functional effects of all the variants predicted 11 SNVs with a deleterious effect on protein structure and/or function, 148 SNVs that occurred within potential transcription factor binding sites, and 31 SNVs occurring within potential miRNA binding elements. This study provides a detailed look at the genetic variation of the bovine collagenous lectins and identifies potential genetic markers for infectious disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Fraser
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J S Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - B N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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20
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Yuan Y, You Y, Wen Y, Liu J, Li H, Zhang Y, Wu N, Liu S, Zhang S, Chen J, Ai J, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Identification of novel genetic loci GAL3ST4 and CHGB involved in susceptibility to leprosy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16352. [PMID: 29180661 PMCID: PMC5703986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy has long been thought to have a strong genetic component, and so far, only positional cloning and genomewide association studies have been used to study the genetic susceptibility to leprosy,while whole exome sequencing (WES) approach has not yet been applied. In this study, we used WES approach on four leprosy patients and four healthy control relatives from two leprosy families. We found three new susceptible loci of leprosy, one in GAL3ST4 and two in CHGB. We went on to validate the findings of WES using 151 leprosy cases and 226 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing. Stratified by gender, GAL3ST4 was found to be the susceptible gene only for the female population, and CHGB48 and CHGB23 were susceptibile to leprosy for the male population, respectively). Moreover, the gene expression levels of the three susceptible loci were measured by real-time PCR after the stimulation by M. leprae antigens in the PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) of 69 healthy people. The results showed that the female subjects with high frequent genotype in GAL3ST4 had a fivefold elevated expression. We suggest the polymorphisms in GAL3ST4 in different population are associated with increased risk of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuangang You
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wen
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanying Li
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Genster N, Østrup O, Schjalm C, Eirik Mollnes T, Cowland JB, Garred P. Ficolins do not alter host immune responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3852. [PMID: 28634324 PMCID: PMC5478672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are a family of pattern recognition molecules that are capable of activating the lectin pathway of complement. A limited number of reports have demonstrated a protective role of ficolins in animal models of infection. In addition, an immune modulatory role of ficolins has been suggested. Yet, the contribution of ficolins to inflammatory disease processes remains elusive. To address this, we investigated ficolin deficient mice during a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of systemic inflammation. Although murine serum ficolin was shown to bind LPS in vitro, there was no difference between wildtype and ficolin deficient mice in morbidity and mortality by LPS-induced inflammation. Moreover, there was no difference between wildtype and ficolin deficient mice in the inflammatory cytokine profiles after LPS challenge. These findings were substantiated by microarray analysis revealing an unaltered spleen transcriptome profile in ficolin deficient mice compared to wildtype mice. Collectively, results from this study demonstrate that ficolins are not involved in host response to LPS-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and K.J. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jack B Cowland
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Dubey A, Biswas SK, Sinha E, Chakma JK, Kamal R, Arora M, Sagar H, Natarajan M, Bhagyawant SS, Mohanty KK. Association of Nitric Oxide Synthase2 gene polymorphisms with leprosy reactions in northern Indian population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 51:67-73. [PMID: 28315742 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogen Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy that affects mainly skin and nerves. Polymorphisms of certain genes are substantiated to be associated with the susceptibility/resistance to leprosy. The present investigation addressed the association of Nitric Oxide Synthase2 gene polymorphisms and leprosy in a population from northern part of India. A total of 323 leprosy cases and 288 healthy controls were genotyped for four NOS2 promoter variants (rs1800482, rs2779249, rs8078340 and rs2301369) using FRET technology in Real Time PCR. None of these SNPs in promoter sites was associated with susceptibility/resistance to leprosy. NOS2 rs1800482 was found to be monomorphic with GG genotype. However, NOS2-1026T allele was observed to be in higher frequency with leprosy cases (BL and LL) who were not suffering from any reactional episodes compared to cases with ENL reaction {OR=0.30, 95% CI (0.10-0.86), p=0.024}. NOS2-1026GT genotype was more prevalent in cases without reaction (BT, BB and BL) compared to RR reactional patients {OR=0.38, 95% CI (0.17-0.86), p=0.02}. Although haplotype analysis revealed that no haplotype was associated with leprosy susceptibility/resistance with statistical significance, GTG haplotype was noted to be more frequent in healthy controls. These SNPs are observed to be in linkage disequilibrium. Although, these SNPs are not likely to influence leprosy vulnerability, -1026G>T SNP was indicated to have noteworthy role in leprosy reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dubey
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Biswas
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Ekata Sinha
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Joy Kumar Chakma
- Clinical Division National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Raj Kamal
- Clinical Division National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Mamta Arora
- Clinical Division National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Harish Sagar
- Clinical Division National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Histopathlogy Division National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | | | - Keshar Kunja Mohanty
- Immunology Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
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Andrade FA, Beltrame MH, Bini VB, Gonçalves LB, Boldt ABW, de Messias-Reason IJ. Association of a new FCN3 haplotype with high ficolin-3 levels in leprosy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005409. [PMID: 28241035 PMCID: PMC5344521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nervous system, leading to a high disability rate and social stigma. Previous studies have shown a contribution of genes encoding products of the lectin pathway of complement in the modulation of the susceptibility to leprosy; however, the ficolin-3/FCN3 gene impact on leprosy is currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate if FCN3 polymorphisms (rs532781899: g.1637delC, rs28362807: g.3524_3532insTATTTGGCC and rs4494157: g.4473C>A) and ficolin-3 serum levels play a role in the susceptibility to leprosy. We genotyped up to 190 leprosy patients (being 114 (60%) lepromatous), and up to 245 controls with sequence-specific PCR. We also measured protein levels using ELISA in 61 leprosy and 73 controls. FCN3 polymorphisms were not associated with disease, but ficolin-3 levels were higher in patients with FCN3 *2B1 (CinsA) haplotype (p = 0.032). Median concentration of ficolin-3 was higher in leprosy per se (26034 ng/mL, p = 0.005) and lepromatous patients (28295 ng/mL, p = 0.016) than controls (18231 ng/mL). In addition, high ficolin-3 levels (>33362 ng/mL) were more common in leprosy per se (34.4%) and in lepromatous patients (35.5%) than controls (19.2%; p = 0.045 and p = 0.047, respectively). Our results lead us to suggest that polymorphisms in the FCN3 gene cooperate to increase ficolin-3 concentration and that it might contribute to leprosy susceptibility by favoring M. leprae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, HC/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, HC/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Valéria Bumiller Bini
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, HC/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iara Jose de Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, HC/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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24
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Garred P, Genster N, Pilely K, Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Ma YJ, Skjoedt MO. A journey through the lectin pathway of complement-MBL and beyond. Immunol Rev 2016; 274:74-97. [PMID: 27782323 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-10, collectin-11, and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3) are soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. These proteins act as mediators of host defense and participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They bind to conserved pathogen-specific structures and altered self-antigens and form complexes with the pentraxins to modulate innate immune functions. All molecules exhibit distinct expression in different tissue compartments, but all are found to a varying degree in the circulation. A common feature of these molecules is their ability to interact with a set of serine proteases named MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). MASP-1 and -2 trigger the activation of the lectin pathway and MASP-3 may be involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, MASPs mediate processes related to coagulation, bradykinin release, and endothelial and platelet activation. Variant alleles affecting expression and structure of the proteins have been associated with a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, most commonly as disease modifiers. Notably, the severe 3MC (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) embryonic development syndrome originates from rare mutations affecting either collectin-11 or MASP-3, indicating a broader functionality of the complement system than previously anticipated. This review summarizes the characteristics of the molecules in the lectin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Boschmann SE, Boldt AB, de Souza IR, Petzl-Erler ML, Messias-Reason IJ. The Frequency of the LCT*-13910C>T Polymorphism Associated with Lactase Persistence Diverges among Euro-Descendant Groups from Brazil. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:18-20. [PMID: 26334798 PMCID: PMC5588315 DOI: 10.1159/000440807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of the LCT*-13910C>T polymorphism associated with a high expression of lactase in the small intestine during adulthood, and to infer the lactase persistence and adult-type hypolactasia phenotypes among Euro-Brazilians and Mennonites from South Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sequence-specific PCR method to genotype the LCT*-13910C>T polymorphism in 292 Euro-Brazilians and 151 Mennonites (a group with European ancestry and a long history of endogamy) was developed. Using an exact test of population differentiation, the genotype and allele frequency between these and other Brazilian populations were compared. RESULTS The frequency of -13910*T was significantly higher among the Mennonites when compared to the Euro-Brazilian cohort (0.63 vs. 0.33, p < 0.000001). Accordingly, Mennonites had a higher prevalence of the lactase persistence genotype (88.1 vs. 55.5%, p < 0.000001). The distribution of -13910*T differed between Mennonites and all other Brazilian groups (p < 0.0001). The Euro-Brazilians from Curitiba displayed differences when compared to all other Brazilian groups (p < 0.0001), even to Euro-Brazilians from a different geographic region (p = 0.0003), but were similar to those from Porto Alegre (p = 0.2). CONCLUSION Differences in the -13910*T-associated lactase persistence distribution among Euro-Brazilian groups reflect the ancestry and admixture of each particular group and should be considered for adult-type hypolactasia screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Epp Boschmann
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas, Alto da Glória, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas, Alto da Glória, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ilíada Rainha de Souza
- Laboratório de Polimorfismos Genéticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Iara Jose Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas, Alto da Glória, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- *Prof. Dr. Iara Jose Messias-Reason, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua General Carneiro 181, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR 80035-050 (Brazil), E-Mail
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26
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Addobbati C, de Azevêdo Silva J, Tavares NAC, Monticielo O, Xavier RM, Brenol JCT, Crovella S, Chies JAB, Sandrin-Garcia P. Ficolin Gene Polymorphisms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:1-6. [PMID: 26464189 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex autoimmune diseases characterized by an immune balance breakdown and by chronic inflammation. Several findings link SLE and RA development with the complement system and ficolin components have emerged as candidates for disease development. Since genetic association studies with ficolin genes in SLE and RA have not yet been conducted in a Brazilian population, the aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of ficolin-1(FCN1) and ficolin-2 (FCN2) genes are associated with SLE and RA susceptibility as well as disease manifestation. Two SNPs within FCN1 (rs2989727 and 1071583) and three in FCN2 (rs17514136, rs3124954, and rs7851696) were studied in 208 SLE and184 RA patients as well as 264 healthy individuals in a Southeast Brazilian population. For SLE patients, the FCN2 rs17514136 SNP was associated with a more severe disease (SLICC) (p = 0.0067). Furthermore, an association between the occurrence of nephritis and the T/T genotype for FCN2 rs3124954 SNP (p = 0.047, OR = 3.17, 95%CI = 1.34-7.5) was observed. No association was observed between the studied polymorphisms and RA development. Thus, our data support involvement of the FCN2 gene in the SLE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Addobbati
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nathália A C Tavares
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Odirlei Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Carlos T Brenol
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Artur B Chies
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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27
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Dionello CF, Rosa Utiyama SR, Radominski SC, Stahlke E, Stinghen ST, de Messias-Reason IJ. Evaluation of rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies in relation to rheumatological manifestations in patients with leprosy from Southern Brazil. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 19:1024-1031. [PMID: 26250118 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy patients may present several osteoarticular complaints, which require further evaluation of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, an adequate clinical assessment in addition to testing for rheumatoid factors (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), can be useful in order to establish the correct diagnosis. METHOD In this study, the relation of RF and anti-CCP with rheumatological manifestations was evaluated in 97 leprosy patients from Southern Brazil. The results were compared to RA patients and healthy controls from the same geographical area and ethnic background. RESULTS Neuropathy was observed in 71.1% and arthritis in 35.1% of the leprosy patients. A high frequency of RF positivity was observed among the leprosy patients (41.2%, 40/97), with RF immunoglobulin A (IgA) significantly associated with arthritis (OR = 7.9, 95% CI = 1.5-40.6 P = 0.008). Anti-CCP was observed in 9.3% (9/97) of the patients, with anti-CCP2 being the most frequent subtype. Only 4.1% (4/97) of the patients were RF and anti-CCP concomitantly positive. RF IgM showed a significant association with leprosy when compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001) whereas for anti-CCP2 no significant results were observed (P = 0.0585). However, both biomarkers showed a strong association with RA when compared to leprosy in patients from the same geographical area and ethnic background (anti-CCP2 OR = 38.6; 95% CI = 16.49-90.26; P < 0.0001 and RF IgM OR = 4.51; 95% CI = 2.62-7.77; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Due to the similarity of some rheumatological manifestations in leprosy with other inflammatory diseases, such as RA, clinical and laboratorial evaluation of affected patients must be carefully assessed in order to achieve proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fontoura Dionello
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Shirley Ramos Rosa Utiyama
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ewalda Stahlke
- Setor de Dermatologia, Centro Regional de Especialidades Metropolitano de Curitiba, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Servio Tulio Stinghen
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Iara Jose de Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
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28
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Beltrame MH, Boldt ABW, Catarino SJ, Mendes HC, Boschmann SE, Goeldner I, Messias-Reason I. MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and infectious diseases. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:85-100. [PMID: 25862418 PMCID: PMC7112674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MASP-1 and MASP-2 are central players of the lectin pathway of complement. MASP1 and MASP2 gene polymorphisms regulate protein serum levels and activity. MASP deficiencies are associated with increased infection susceptibility. MASP polymorphisms and serum levels are associated with disease progression.
The lectin pathway of the complement system has a pivotal role in the defense against infectious organisms. After binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins or collectin 11 to carbohydrates or acetylated residues on pathogen surfaces, dimers of MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2) activate a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in the formation of the membrane attack complex and pathogen lysis. Alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding MASP-1 results in two other products, MASP-3 and MAp44, which regulate activation of the cascade. A similar mechanism allows the gene encoding MASP-2 to produce the truncated MAp19 protein. Polymorphisms in MASP1 and MASP2 genes are associated with protein serum levels and functional activity. Since the first report of a MASP deficiency in 2003, deficiencies in lectin pathway proteins have been associated with recurrent infections and several polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility or protection to infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the findings on the role of MASP polymorphisms and serum levels in bacterial, viral and protozoan infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia H Beltrame
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica B W Boldt
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra J Catarino
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hellen C Mendes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Stefanie E Boschmann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Goeldner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iara Messias-Reason
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Endo Y, Matsushita M, Fujita T. New insights into the role of ficolins in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:49-110. [PMID: 25805122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the innate immune system, a variety of recognition molecules provide the first-line host defense to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolin is a soluble recognition molecule, which senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes and aberrant sugar structures on self-cells. It consists of a collagen-like stalk and a globular fibrinogen-like domain, the latter binding to carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from higher invertebrates to mammals. In mammals, ficolins form complexes with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), and ficolin-MASP complexes trigger complement activation via the lectin pathway. Once activated, complement mediates many immune responses including opsonization, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Although the precise function of each ficolin is still under investigation, accumulating information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense by recognizing a variety of microorganisms and interacting with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Radioisotope Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima General Hygiene Institute, Fukushima, Japan
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Human lectins and their roles in viral infections. Molecules 2015; 20:2229-71. [PMID: 25642836 PMCID: PMC6272597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate recognition of virus proteins is an important component of the immune response to viral pathogens. A component of this immune recognition is the family of lectins; pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognise viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including viral glycoproteins. In this review we discuss the contribution of soluble and membrane-associated PRRs to immunity against virus pathogens, and the potential role of these molecules in facilitating virus replication. These processes are illustrated with examples of viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Ebola virus (EBOV). We focus on the structure, function and genetics of the well-characterised C-type lectin mannose-binding lectin, the ficolins, and the membrane-bound CD209 proteins expressed on dendritic cells. The potential for lectin-based antiviral therapies is also discussed.
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Bartlomiejczyk MA, Swierzko AS, Brzostek A, Dziadek J, Cedzynski M. Interaction of lectin pathway of complement-activating pattern recognition molecules with mycobacteria. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:310-9. [PMID: 25041480 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes various slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria [Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), M. bovis, M. kansasii, M. gordonae] as well as non-pathogenic M. smegmatis. Recognition resulted in activation of the lectin pathway (LP) of complement and an enhancement of phagocytosis (shown for M. tuberculosis). Although MBL may be considered the main factor activating the LP upon recognition of mycobacteria, involvement of ficolins has also to be considered. Interaction of ficolin-3 with M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. kansasii, and ficolin-1 with M. tuberculosis and M. bovis was shown for the first time. Binding of recombinant MBL or ficolin-3 to MTB H37 Rv led to the agglutination of bacteria and promoted their phagocytosis, but little effect was apparent with ficolin-1 or ficolin-2. Data from Western blots suggest mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) to be one of the main cell components of slow-growing mycobacteria, involved in LP activation. However, the LP was also activated by other cell fractions. Results presented here supplement considerably the data concerning the ability of complement-activating lectins to interact with mycobacteria. Ficolins (especially ficolin-3) might influence host response to infection and thus have clinical significance, at least as disease modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bartlomiejczyk
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Development of rheumatoid arthritis specific HLA-DRB1 genotyping microarray. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Messias-Reason IJT, van Tong H, Velavan TP. Analysis of polymorphic sites in the promoter of the nitric oxide synthase 2 gene in Brazilian patients with leprosy. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 41:231-5. [PMID: 24495190 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is one of the most neglected infectious tropical diseases of the skin and the nerves caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium leprae. The inducible NOS isoform encoded by NOS2A plays a vital role in host defence against bacterial infections. The functional promoter polymorphisms in NOS2A are associated with various autoimmune and infectious diseases. We investigated the association of NOS2A variants with progression of leprosy in a Brazilian cohort including 221 clinically classified patients and 103 unrelated healthy controls. We observed a novel variant ss528838018A/G in the promoter region at position -6558. The other functional variants were observed with low frequency of minor allele (<0.005). NOS2A promoter variant (-954G/C) was not observed in Brazilian populations, and the new observed promoter variant (ss528838018A/G) as well as other promoter variants were not associated with any clinical forms of leprosy in the Brazilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J T Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Boldt ABW, Goeldner I, Stahlke ERS, Thiel S, Jensenius JC, de Messias-Reason IJT. Leprosy association with low MASP-2 levels generated by MASP2 haplotypes and polymorphisms flanking MAp19 exon 5. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69054. [PMID: 23935922 PMCID: PMC3728295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gene MASP2 (mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease 2) encodes two proteins, MASP-2 and MAp19 (MBL-associated protein of 19 kDa), bound in plasma to MBL and ficolins. The binding of MBL/MASP-2 and ficolin/MASP-2 complexes to microorganisms activates the lectin pathway of complement and may increase the ingestion of intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium leprae. Methods We haplotyped 11 MASP2 polymorphisms with multiplex sequence-specific PCR in 219 Brazilian leprosy patients (131 lepromatous, 29 borderline, 21 tuberculoid, 14 undetermined, 24 unspecified), 405 healthy Brazilians and 291 Danish blood donors with previously determined MASP-2 and MAp19 levels. We also evaluated MASP-2 levels in further 46 leprosy patients and 69 Brazilian controls. Results Two polymorphisms flanking exon 5 of MASP2 were associated with a dominant effect on high MASP-2 levels and an additive effect on low MAp19 levels. Patients presented lower MASP-2 levels (P = 0.0012) than controls. The frequency of the p.126L variant, associated with low MASP-2 levels (below 200 ng/mL), was higher in the patients (P = 0.0002, OR = 4.92), as was the frequency of genotypes with p.126L (P = 0.00006, OR = 5.96). The *1C2-l [AG] haplotype, which harbors p.126L and the deficiency-causing p.439H variant, has a dominant effect on the susceptibility to the disease (P = 0.007, OR = 4.15). Genotypes composed of the *2B1-i and/or *2B2A-i haplotypes, both associated with intermediate MASP-2 levels (200–600 ng/mL), were found to be protective against the disease (P = 0.0014, OR = 0.6). Low MASP-2 levels (P = 0.022), as well as corresponding genotypes with *1C2-l and/or *2A2-l but without *1B1-h or *1B2-h, were more frequent in the lepromatous than in other patients (P = 0.008, OR = 8.8). Conclusions In contrast with MBL, low MASP-2 levels increase the susceptibility to leprosy in general and to lepromatous leprosy in particular. MASP2 genotypes and MASP-2 levels might thus be of prognostic value for leprosy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular - Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, BR.
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Ammitzbøll CG, Kjær TR, Steffensen R, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Nielsen HJ, Thiel S, Bøgsted M, Jensenius JC. Non-synonymous polymorphisms in the FCN1 gene determine ligand-binding ability and serum levels of M-ficolin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50585. [PMID: 23209787 PMCID: PMC3509001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune system encompasses various recognition molecules able to sense both exogenous and endogenous danger signals arising from pathogens or damaged host cells. One such pattern-recognition molecule is M-ficolin, which is capable of activating the complement system through the lectin pathway. The lectin pathway is multifaceted with activities spanning from complement activation to coagulation, autoimmunity, ischemia-reperfusion injury and embryogenesis. Our aim was to explore associations between SNPs in FCN1, encoding M-ficolin and corresponding protein concentrations, and the impact of non-synonymous SNPs on protein function. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We genotyped 26 polymorphisms in the FCN1 gene and found 8 of these to be associated with M-ficolin levels in a cohort of 346 blood donors. Four of those polymorphisms were located in the promoter region and exon 1 and were in high linkage disequilibrium (r(2)≥0.91). The most significant of those were the AA genotype of -144C>A (rs10117466), which was associated with an increase in M-ficolin concentration of 26% compared to the CC genotype. We created recombinant proteins corresponding to the five non-synonymous mutations encountered and found that the Ser268Pro (rs150625869) mutation lead to loss of M-ficolin production. This was backed up by clinical observations, indicating that an individual homozygote of Ser268Pro would be completely M-ficolin deficient. Furthermore, the Ala218Thr (rs148649884) and Asn289Ser (rs138055828) were both associated with low M-ficolin levels, and the mutations crippled the ligand-binding capability of the recombinant M-ficolin, as indicated by the low binding to Group B Streptococcus. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our study interlinks the genotype and phenotype relationship concerning polymorphisms in FCN1 and corresponding concentrations and biological functions of M-ficolin. The elucidations of these associations provide information for future genetic studies in the lectin pathway and complement system.
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