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Li H, Seugnet L. Decoding the nexus: branched-chain amino acids and their connection with sleep, circadian rhythms, and cardiometabolic health. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1350-1363. [PMID: 39075896 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and, either directly or indirectly, overall body health, encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain, there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs. Among these, the branched-chain amino acids, comprising leucine, isoleucine, and valine, display distinctive significance, from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism, especially in cerebral processes. Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake, branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis, modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin. Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors, competing for a shared transporter. Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis, these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, as well as energy metabolism. Notably, they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance. The rhythmicity of branched-chain amino acids in plasma concentrations, observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models, is under circadian clock control. The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood. Disturbed sleep, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics. The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts, since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies. In this context, the Drosophila model, though underutilized, holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms. Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts, particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock, sleep/wake, and metabolism. Consequently, the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle. They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Laurent Seugnet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Integrated Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems (WAKING), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France
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Wang L, Sun Y, Du L, Wang Q, Zhan M, Li S, Xiao X. Daily koumiss has positive regulatory effects on blood lipids and immune system: A metabolomics study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36429. [PMID: 39253138 PMCID: PMC11382052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Koumiss, a traditional Mongolian beverage, is believed to possess high nutritional value and potential medical benefits. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on its potential impact on the human body. Metabolomics, as a sensitive approach in systems biology, offers a new avenue for studying the overall effects of koumiss. In this work, metabolomics was utilized to identify potential biomarkers and pathways associated with koumiss using UPLC-MS detection, pattern recognition analysis, pathway enrichment, network pharmacology. The findings indicated that koumiss exerts a beneficial regulatory influence on lipid metabolism, neurotransmitters, hormones, phospholipids and arachidonic acid metabolism, besides up regulating the content of nutrients. It could reduce the risks of dyslipidemia and inflammatory responses. This study confirmed the benign regulatory effect of koumiss on normal organism from the perspective of endogenous metabolites, and provided objective support for the promotion and application of this ethnic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijing Du
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Gondáš E, Baranovičová E, Šofranko J, Murín R. Hyperglycemia Stimulates the Irreversible Catabolism of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Generation of Ketone Bodies by Cultured Human Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1803. [PMID: 39200266 PMCID: PMC11351101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are considered to possess a noticeable role in brain metabolism and, as a partners in neuron-glia cooperation, to contribute to the synthesis, bioconversion, and regulation of the flux of substrates for neuronal metabolism. With the aim of investigating to what extent human astrocytes are metabolizing amino acids and by which compounds are they enriching their surroundings, we employed a metabolomics analysis of their culture media by 1H-NMR. In addition, we compared the composition of media with either 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. The quantitative analysis of culture media by 1H-NMR revealed that astrocytes readily dispose from their milieu glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and pyruvate with significantly high rates, while they enrich the culture media with lactate, branched-chain keto acids, citrate, acetate, ketone bodies, and alanine. Hyperglycemia suppressed the capacity of astrocytes to release branched-chain 2-oxo acids, while stimulating the generation of ketone bodies. Our results highlight the active involvement of astrocytes in the metabolism of several amino acids and the regulation of key metabolic intermediates. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide valuable insights into their roles in supporting neuronal function, brain metabolism, and intercellular metabolic interactions within the brain. Understanding the complex metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons is essential for elucidating brain homeostasis and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide hints about their putative metabolic roles in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gondáš
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jakub Šofranko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Radovan Murín
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
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4
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Janovsky CCPS, Meneghini V, Tebar W, Martins JRM, Sgarbi JA, Teixeira PDFDS, Jones SR, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS, Santos RD, Santos IS, Chaker L, Bensenor IM. Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Alanine, and Thyroid Function: A Cross-Sectional, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Approach from ELSA-Brasil. Metabolites 2024; 14:437. [PMID: 39195533 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of thyroid function with essential and non-essential amino acids is understudied, despite their common metabolic roles. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the association of thyroid function with the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs-leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and of alanine in the general population. We utilized data from the São Paulo research center of ELSA-Brasil, a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Thyroid parameters included thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 and free T3 levels, and the FT4:FT3 ratio. BCAAs and alanine were analyzed on a fully automated NMR platform. The current analysis included euthyroid participants and participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. We used Pearson's coefficient to quantify the correlation between thyroid-related parameters and amino acids. Linear regression models were performed to analyze whether thyroid parameters were associated with BCAAs and alanine levels. We included 4098 participants (51.3 ± 9.0 years old, 51.5% women) in this study. In the most adjusted model, higher levels of TSH were associated with higher levels of alanine, FT4 levels were inversely associated with isoleucine levels, FT3 levels were statistically significant and positively associated with valine and leucine, and the T3:T4 ratio was positively associated with all amino acids. We observed that subclinical hypothyroidism was positively associated with isoleucine and alanine levels in all models, even after full adjustment. Our findings highlight the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid-related parameters (including TSH, free T4, free T3, and FT4:FT3 ratio) with BCAAs and alanine. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association. These insights contribute to our understanding of the influence of thyroid-related parameters on BCAA and alanine metabolism.
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Grants
- grants of baseline: 01 06 0010.00 RS, 01 06 0212.00 BA, 01 06 0300.00 ES, 01 06 0278.00 MG, 01 06 0115.00 SP, 01 06 0071.00 RJ; and grants of 4-year follow-up 01 10 0643-03 RS, 01 10 0742-00 BA, 01 12 0284-00 ES, 01 10 0746-00 MG, 01 10 0773-00 SP, and 01 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 2015/17213- 2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Vandrize Meneghini
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - William Tebar
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Roberto Maciel Martins
- Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Sgarbi
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, Brazil
| | | | - Steven R Jones
- Johns Hopkins, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Preventive Cardiology, Sterling, IL 61081, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Bittencourt
- Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Choi BH, Hyun S, Koo SH. The role of BCAA metabolism in metabolic health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1552-1559. [PMID: 38956299 PMCID: PMC11297153 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
It has long been postulated that dietary restriction is beneficial for ensuring longevity and extending the health span of mammals, including humans. In particular, a reduction in protein consumption has been shown to be specifically linked to the beneficial effect of dietary restriction on metabolic disorders, presumably by reducing the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) 1 and the reciprocal activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin pathways. Although it is widely used as a dietary supplement to delay the aging process in humans, recent evidence suggests that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) might be a major cause of the deteriorating effect of a protein diet on aging and related disorders. In this review, we delineate the regulation of metabolic pathways for BCAAs at the tissue-specific level and summarize recent findings regarding the role of BCAAs in the control of metabolic health and disease in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seunghoon Hyun
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Jiang Z, Sun Y, Liu S. Association between human blood metabolites and cerebral cortex architecture: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1386844. [PMID: 38784905 PMCID: PMC11111910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1386844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of circulating metabolites may affect brain function and cognition, associated with alterations in the cerebral cortex architecture. However, the exact cause remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the causal effect of circulating metabolites on the cerebral cortex architecture. Methods This study utilized retrieved data from genome-wide association studies to investigate the relationship between blood metabolites and cortical architecture. A total of 1,091 metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios were used for exposure. The brain cortex surface area and cortex thickness were selected as the primary outcomes in this study. In this study, the inverse variance weighting method was used as the main analytical method, complemented by sensitivity analyses that were more robust to pleiotropy. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was performed via MetaboAnalyst 6.0. Finally, reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to assess the potential for reverse causation. Results After correcting for the false discovery rate (FDR), we identified 37 metabolites and 9 metabolite ratios that showed significant causal associations with cortical structures. Among these, Oxalate was found to be most strongly associated with cortical surface area (β: 2387.532, 95% CI 756.570-4018.495, p = 0.037), while Tyrosine was most correlated with cortical thickness (β: -0.015, 95% CI -0.005 to -0.025, p = 0.025). Furthermore, pathway analysis based on metabolites identified six significant metabolic pathways associated with cortical structures and 13 significant metabolic pathways based on metabolite ratios. Conclusion The identified metabolites and relevant metabolic pathways reveal potential therapeutic pathways for reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. These findings will help guide health policies and clinical practice in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Zemniaçak ÂB, Ribeiro RT, Pinheiro CV, de Azevedo Cunha S, Tavares TQ, Castro ET, Leipnitz G, Wajner M, Amaral AU. In Vivo Intracerebral Administration of α-Ketoisocaproic Acid to Neonate Rats Disrupts Brain Redox Homeostasis and Promotes Neuronal Death, Glial Reactivity, and Myelination Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2496-2513. [PMID: 37910283 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is caused by severe deficiency of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex activity, resulting in tissue accumulation of branched-chain α-keto acids and amino acids, particularly α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and leucine. Affected patients regularly manifest with acute episodes of encephalopathy including seizures, coma, and potentially fatal brain edema during the newborn period. The present work investigated the ex vivo effects of a single intracerebroventricular injection of KIC to neonate rats on redox homeostasis and neurochemical markers of neuronal viability (neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN)), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), and myelination (myelin basic protein (MBP) and 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase)) in the cerebral cortex and striatum. KIC significantly disturbed redox homeostasis in these brain structures 6 h after injection, as observed by increased 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein oxidation (reactive oxygen species generation), malondialdehyde levels (lipid oxidative damage), and carbonyl formation (protein oxidative damage), besides impairing the antioxidant defenses (diminished levels of reduced glutathione and altered glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase activities) in both cerebral structures. Noteworthy, the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and melatonin attenuated or normalized most of the KIC-induced effects on redox homeostasis. Furthermore, a reduction of NeuN, MBP, and CNPase, and an increase of GFAP levels were observed at postnatal day 15, suggesting neuronal loss, myelination injury, and astrocyte reactivity, respectively. Our data indicate that disruption of redox homeostasis, associated with neural damage caused by acute intracerebral accumulation of KIC in the neonatal period may contribute to the neuropathology characteristic of MSUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Beatris Zemniaçak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Vieira Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sâmela de Azevedo Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tailine Quevedo Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ediandra Tissot Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, Erechim, RS, 99709-910, Brazil.
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8
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Rothman DL, Behar KL, Dienel GA. Mechanistic stoichiometric relationship between the rates of neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation: Reevaluation of and alternatives to the pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle model. J Neurochem 2024; 168:555-591. [PMID: 36089566 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ~1:1 stoichiometry between the rates of neuronal glucose oxidation (CMRglc-ox-N) and glutamate (Glu)/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamine (Gln) neurotransmitter (NT) cycling between neurons and astrocytes (VNTcycle) has been firmly established. However, the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not fully understood, and this knowledge is critical for the interpretation of metabolic and brain imaging studies in normal and diseased brain. The pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle (pseudo-MAS) model established the requirement for glycolytic metabolism in cultured glutamatergic neurons to produce NADH that is shuttled into mitochondria to support conversion of extracellular Gln (i.e., astrocyte-derived Gln in vivo) into vesicular neurotransmitter Glu. The evaluation of this model revealed that it could explain half of the 1:1 stoichiometry and it has limitations. Modifications of the pseudo-MAS model were, therefore, devised to address major knowledge gaps, that is, submitochondrial glutaminase location, identities of mitochondrial carriers for Gln and other model components, alternative mechanisms to transaminate α-ketoglutarate to form Glu and shuttle glutamine-derived ammonia while maintaining mass balance. All modified models had a similar 0.5 to 1.0 predicted mechanistic stoichiometry between VNTcycle and the rate of glucose oxidation. Based on studies of brain β-hydroxybutyrate oxidation, about half of CMRglc-ox-N may be linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission and localized in pre-synaptic structures that use pseudo-MAS type mechanisms for Glu-Gln cycling. In contrast, neuronal compartments that do not participate in transmitter cycling may use the MAS to sustain glucose oxidation. The evaluation of subcellular compartmentation of neuronal glucose metabolism in vivo is a critically important topic for future studies to understand glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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9
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Yang SH, Kim YJ, Yang HR, Park SU, Kim JG, Kim JK. Metabolic Profiling in Plasma and Brain Induced by 17β-Estradiol Supplementation in Ovariectomized Mice. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18212-18223. [PMID: 38680363 PMCID: PMC11044158 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol is an ovarian hormone that regulates energy circulation and storage by acting on the central nervous system. However, the metabolic differences between the blood and brain when stimulated by 17β-estradiol are poorly understood. Moreover, research using menopause-induced models to investigate primary metabolites in the blood and brain is limited. Thus, this study aimed to identify metabolic changes in the plasma and brain resulting from 17β-estradiol supplementation in an estrogen-deficient mouse model. Three groups of mice were utilized: sham-operated mice (Sham), ovariectomized mice (OVX), and ovariectomized mice that received a weekly supplementation of 17β-estradiol (E2). Plasma and brain samples from these mice were subjected to metabolic analysis using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Compared with the plasma samples from the Sham and OVX groups, the plasma samples from the E2 group contained higher contents of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), such as valine, isoleucine, and leucine. Meanwhile, the brain samples from the E2 group contained higher contents of most metabolites, including BCAAs, neurotransmitters, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and fatty acids, than those from the two other groups. This study is the first to reveal differences in energy metabolism induced by 17β-estradiol supplementation through brain metabolic profiling of ovariectomized mice, emphasizing the importance of brain metabolic profiling in menopausal hormone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hwi Yang
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence
Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon
National University, Incheon 22012, Republic
of Korea
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10
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Hruby Weston A, Teixeira IAMA, Yoder PS, Pilonero T, Hanigan MD. Valine and nonessential amino acids affect bidirectional transport rates of leucine and isoleucine in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2026-2046. [PMID: 37863296 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A more complete understanding of the mechanisms controlling AA transport in mammary glands of dairy cattle will help identify solutions to increase nitrogen feeding efficiency on farms. It was hypothesized that Ala, Gln, and Gly (NEAAG), which are actively transported into cells and exchanged for all branched-chain AA (BCAA), may stimulate transport of BCAA, and that Val may antagonize transport of the other BCAA due to transporter competition. Thus, we evaluated the effects of varying concentrations of NEAAG and Val on transport and metabolism of the BCAA Ala, Met, Phe, and Thr by bovine mammary epithelial cells. Primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells were assigned to treatments of low (70% of mean in vivo plasma concentrations of lactating dairy cows) and high (200%) concentrations of Val and NEAAG (LVal and LNEAAG, HVal and HNEAAG, respectively) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Cells were preloaded with treatment media containing [15N]-labeled AA for 24 h. The [15N]-labeled media were replaced with treatment media containing [13C]-labeled AA. Media and cells were harvested from plates at 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 240 min after application of the [13C]-labeled AA and assessed for [15N]- and [13C]-AA label concentrations. The data were used to derive transport, transamination, irreversible loss, and protein-synthesis fluxes. All Val fluxes, except synthesis of rapidly exchanging tissue protein, increased with the HVal treatment. Interestingly, the rapidly exchanging tissue protein, transamination, and irreversible-loss rate constants decreased with HVal, indicating that the significant flux increases were primarily driven by mass action with the cells resisting the flux increases by downregulating activity. However, the decreases could also reflect saturation of processes that would drive down the mass-action rate constants. This is supported by decreases in the same rate constants for Ile and Leu with HVal. This could be due to either competition for shared transamination and oxidation reactions or a reduction in enzymatic activity. Also, NEAAG did not affect Val fluxes, but influx and efflux rate constants increased for both Val and Leu with HNEAAG, indicating an activating substrate effect. Overall, AA transport rates generally responded concordantly with extracellular concentrations, indicating the transporters are not substrate-saturated within the in vivo range. However, BCAA transamination and oxidation enzymes may be approaching saturation within in vivo ranges. In addition, System L transport activity appeared to be stimulated by as much as 75% with high intracellular concentrations of Ala, Gln, and Gly. High concentrations of Val antagonized transport activity of Ile and Leu by 68% and 15%, respectively, indicating competitive inhibition, but this was only observable at HNEAAG concentrations. The exchange transporters of System L transport 8 of the essential AA that make up approximately 40% of milk protein, so better understanding this transporter is an important step for increased efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hruby Weston
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060.
| | - I A M A Teixeira
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Twin Falls, ID 83303-1827
| | - P S Yoder
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Perdue AgriBusiness LLC, Salisbury, MD 21804
| | - T Pilonero
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - M D Hanigan
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
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11
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Bhinderwala F, Roth HE, Filipi M, Jack S, Powers R. Potential Metabolite Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis from Multiple Biofluids. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1110-1124. [PMID: 38420772 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder without a cure, but early intervention can slow disease progression and improve the quality of life for MS patients. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis for MS is an arduous and error-prone task that requires a combination of a detailed medical history, a comprehensive neurological exam, clinical tests such as magnetic resonance imaging, and the exclusion of other possible diseases. A simple and definitive biofluid test for MS does not exist, but is highly desirable. To address this need, we employed NMR-based metabolomics to identify potentially unique metabolite biomarkers of MS from a cohort of age and sex-matched samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and urine from 206 progressive MS (PMS) patients, 46 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, and 99 healthy volunteers without a MS diagnosis. We identified 32 metabolites in CSF that varied between the control and PMS patients. Utilizing patient-matched serum samples, we were able to further identify 31 serum metabolites that may serve as biomarkers for PMS patients. Lastly, we identified 14 urine metabolites associated with PMS. All potential biomarkers are associated with metabolic processes linked to the pathology of MS, such as demyelination and neuronal damage. Four metabolites with identical profiles across all three biofluids were discovered, which demonstrate their potential value as cross-biofluid markers of PMS. We further present a case for using metabolic profiles from PMS patients to delineate biomarkers of RRMS. Specifically, three metabolites exhibited a variation from healthy volunteers without MS through RRMS and PMS patients. The consistency of metabolite changes across multiple biofluids, combined with the reliability of a receiver operating characteristic classification, may provide a rapid diagnostic test for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Bhinderwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Heidi E Roth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Mary Filipi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Saunders Medical Center, Wahoo, Nebraska 68066, United States
| | - Samantha Jack
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Saunders Medical Center, Wahoo, Nebraska 68066, United States
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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12
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Lemos IDS, Torres CA, Alano CG, Matiola RT, de Figueiredo Seldenreich R, Padilha APZ, De Pieri E, Effting PS, Machado-De-Ávila RA, Réus GZ, Leipnitz G, Streck EL. Memantine Improves Memory and Neurochemical Damage in a Model of Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:758-770. [PMID: 38104040 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in different tissues due to a deficit in the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. The most common symptoms are poor feeding, psychomotor delay, and neurological damage. However, dietary therapy is not effective. Studies have demonstrated that memantine improves neurological damage in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, we hypothesize that memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist can ameliorate the effects elicited by BCAA in an MSUD animal model. For this, we organized the rats into four groups: control group (1), MSUD group (2), memantine group (3), and MSUD + memantine group (4). Animals were exposed to the MSUD model by the administration of BCAA (15.8 µL/g) (groups 2 and 4) or saline solution (0.9%) (groups 1 and 3) and treated with water or memantine (5 mg/kg) (groups 3 and 4). Our results showed that BCAA administration induced memory alterations, and changes in the levels of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, induction of oxidative damage and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines were verified in the cerebral cortex. Thus, memantine treatment prevented the alterations in memory, acetylcholinesterase activity, 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein oxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, sulfhydryl content, and inflammation. These findings suggest that memantine can improve the pathomechanisms observed in the MSUD model, and may improve oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antunes Torres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Giassi Alano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Tezza Matiola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rejane de Figueiredo Seldenreich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Paulo Zeferino Padilha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ellen De Pieri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado-De-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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13
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Pariyani R, Zhang Y, Haraldsson GG, Chen K, Linderborg KM, Yang B. Metabolomic Investigation of Brain and Liver in Rats Fed Docosahexaenoic Acid in Regio- and Enantiopure Triacylglycerols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300341. [PMID: 38396161 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) play important roles in cognitive functions. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the metabolic impact of regio- and stereo-specific positioning of n-3 PUFAs in dietary triacylglycerols. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats in a state of mild n-3 PUFA deficiency are fed daily with 360 mg triacylglycerols containing DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) at sn (stereospecific numbering)-1, 2, or 3 positions and 18:0 at remaining positions, or an equal amount of tristearin for 5 days. Groups fed with n-3 deficient diet and normal n-3 adequate diet are included as controls. The metabolic profiles of the brain and liver are studied using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)-based metabolomics. Several metabolites of significance in membrane integrity and neurotransmission, and glutamate, in particular, are significantly lower in the brain of the groups fed with sn-1 and sn-3 DHA compared to the sn-2 DHA group. Further, the tristearin and DHA groups show a lower lactate level compared to the groups fed on normal or n-3 deficient diet, suggesting a prominent role of C18:0 in regulating energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the impact of stereospecific positioning of DHA in triacylglycerols and the role of dietary stearic acid on metabolism in the brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Pariyani
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Kang Chen
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
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14
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Zhao Z, Yang H, Wang Z, Ai Z, Yang R, Wang Z, Wang T, Fu K, Zhang Y. Metabolomics analysis of the yolk of Zhijin white goose during the embryogenesis based on LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297429. [PMID: 38335168 PMCID: PMC10857567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The egg yolk of the goose is rich in lipids, proteins and minerals, which is the main source of nutrition during the goose embryogenesis. Actually, the magnitude and variety of nutrients in yolk are dynamically changed to satisfy the nutritional requirements of different growth and development periods. The yolk sac membrane (YSM) plays a role in metabolizing and absorbing nutrients from the yolk, which are then consumed by the embryo or extra-fetal tissues. Therefore, identification of metabolites in egg yolk can help to reveal nutrient requirement in goose embryo. In this research, to explore the metabolite changes in egg yolk at embryonic day (E) 7, E12, E18, E23, and E28, we performed the assay using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The findings showed that E7 and E12, E23 and E28 were grouped together, while E18 was significantly separated from other groups, indicating the changes of egg yolk development and metabolism. In total, 1472 metabolites were identified in the egg yolk of Zhijin white goose, and 636 differential metabolites (DMs) were screened, among which 264 were upregulated and 372 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DMs were enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, digestion and absorption of protein, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phosphotransferase system (PTS), mineral absorption, cholesterol metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Our study may provide new ideas for improving prehatch embryonic health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Bijie City Animal Husbandry Station, Bijie, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaobi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiansong Wang
- Agricultural College, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaibin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Conde R, Oliveira N, Morais E, Amaral AP, Sousa A, Graça G, Verde I. NMR analysis seeking for cognitive decline and dementia metabolic markers in plasma from aged individuals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115815. [PMID: 37952448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood biomarkers can improve the ability to diagnose dementia, providing new information to better understand the pathophysiology and causes of the disease. Some studies with patients have already shown changes in metabolic profiles among patients with pathological cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease, when compared to individuals with normal cognition. METHODS To search for new metabolic biomarkers of dementia, we analyzed serum levels of several metabolites, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in elderly individuals, a group with normal cognitive decline (control), and three other groups with cognitive decline. pathological (low, moderate, and severe). RESULTS Decreased plasma levels of tyrosine, glutamate, valine, leucine, and isoleucine are associated with worsening of pathological cognitive decline. However, the area under analysis of receptor operating characteristics suggests that tyrosine and glutamate have low specificity and sensitivity. Valine, leucine, and isoleucine are influenced by blood glucose or diabetes, but these conditions do not seem to be of great influence in the differences observed. Isobutyrate, histidine, acetone and unknown-1 metabolite also decrease their plasma levels with increasing CD. Isobutyrate ad histidine could have neuroprotective and antioxidant actions, respectively. To elucidate the role of decreased unknown metabolite-1 as a CD biomarker, it will be necessary to previously investigate its identity. To define and elucidate the role of acetone in pathological CD, additional laboratory and clinical studies must be performed. All these metabolites together may constitute a set of biomarkers with capability to identify pathological CD or dementia. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Decrease of glutamate, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, isobutyrate, acetone and unknown-1 metabolite together are a set of biomarkers able to identify pathological CD or dementia. Histidine, isobutyrate, acetone and unknown-1 metabolite are more specific biomarkers of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Conde
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nádia Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Morais
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Amaral
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Graça
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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16
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Aspragkathou DD, Spilioti MG, Gkampeta A, Dalpa E, Holeva V, Papadopoulou MT, Serdari A, Dafoulis V, Zafeiriou DI, Evangeliou AE. Branched-chain amino acids as adjunctive-alternative treatment in patients with autism: a pilot study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:73-81. [PMID: 37424284 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is a group of essential amino acids that are involved in maintaining the energy balance of a human being as well as the homoeostasis of GABAergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Disruption of these systems has been associated with the pathophysiology of autism while low levels of these amino acids have been discovered in patients with autism. A pilot open-label, prospective, follow-up study of the use of BCAA in children with autistic behaviour was carried out. Fifty-five children between the ages of 6 and 18 participated in the study from May 2015 to May 2018. We used a carbohydrate-free BCAA-powdered mixture containing 45·5 g of leucine, 30 g of isoleucine and 24·5 g of valine in a daily dose of 0·4 g/kg of body weight which was administered every morning. Following the initiation of BCAA administration, children were submitted to a monthly psychological examination. Beyond the 4-week mark, BCAA were given to thirty-two people (58·18 %). Six of them (10·9 %) discontinued after 4-10 weeks owing to lack of improvement. The remaining twenty-six children (47·27 %) who took BCAA for longer than 10 weeks displayed improved social behaviour and interactions, as well as improvements in their speech, cooperation, stereotypy and, principally, their hyperactivity. There were no adverse reactions reported during the course of the treatment. Although these data are preliminary, there is some evidence that BCAA could be used as adjunctive treatment to conventional therapeutic methods for the management of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina D Aspragkathou
- Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Efkarpia, 56403Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martha G Spilioti
- Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Gkampeta
- Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Efkarpia, 56403Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efterpi Dalpa
- Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Efkarpia, 56403Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Holeva
- Psychiatric Clinic, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria T Papadopoulou
- Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Efkarpia, 56403Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Thrace University, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vaios Dafoulis
- Psychiatric Clinic of the Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Zafeiriou
- Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios E Evangeliou
- Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Efkarpia, 56403Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Ni Y, Al-Nusaif M, Hu Y, Li T. Elucidating brain metabolic changes during short-term fasting: a comprehensive atlas. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1334461. [PMID: 38235391 PMCID: PMC10791819 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1334461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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18
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Chatterjee M, Roschitzki B, Grossmann J, Rathinam M, Kunz L, Wolski W, Panse C, Yadav J, Schlapbach R, Rao U, Sreevathsa R. Developmental stage-specific proteome analysis of the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata provides insights on relevant proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127666. [PMID: 37890743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a destructive insect pest that inflicts significant productivity losses on important leguminous crops. Unravelling insect proteomes is vital to comprehend their fundamental molecular mechanisms. This research delved into the proteome profiles of four distinct stages -three larval and pupa of M. vitrata, utilizing LC-MS/MS label-free quantification-based methods. Employing comprehensive proteome analysis with fractionated datasets, we mapped 75 % of 3459 Drosophila protein orthologues out of which 2695 were identified across all developmental stages while, 137 and 94 were exclusive to larval and pupal stages respectively. Cluster analysis of 2248 protein orthologues derived from MaxQuant quantitative dataset depicted six clusters based on expression pattern similarity across stages. Consequently, gene ontology and protein-protein interaction network analyses using STRING database identified cluster 1 (58 proteins) and cluster 6 (25 proteins) associated with insect immune system and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, qRT-PCR-based expression analyses of ten selected proteins-coding genes authenticated the proteome data. Subsequently, functional validation of these chosen genes through gene silencing reduced their transcript abundance accompanied by a marked increase in mortality among dsRNA-injected larvae. Overall, this is a pioneering study to effectively develop a proteome atlas of M. vitrata as a potential resource for crop protection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chatterjee
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bernd Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Kunz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Witold Wolski
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Panse
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ralph Schlapbach
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; Engrave Bio Labs Pvt.Ltd., Shanthipuram, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, India.
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Liu X, Zhang B, Tian J, Han Y. Plasma metabolomics reveals the intervention mechanism of different types of exercise on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression rat model. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:1-13. [PMID: 37999885 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of different types of exercise on the plasma metabolomics of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressed rats based on 1H-NMR metabolomics techniques, and to explore the potential mechanisms of exercise for the treatment of depression. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group (C), CUMS control group (D), pre-exercise with CUMS group (P), CUMS with aerobic exercise group, CUMS with resistance exercise group (R), and CUMS with aerobic + resistance exercise group (E). The corresponding protocol intervention was applied to each group of rats. Body weight, sucrose preference and open field tests were performed weekly during the experiment to evaluate the extent of depression in rats. Plasma samples from each group of rats were collected at the end of the experiment, and then the plasma was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods to identify differential metabolites and perform metabolic pathway analysis. (1) Compared with the group D, the body weight, sucrose preference rate, and the number of crossings and standings in the different types of exercise groups were significantly improved (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). (2) Compared to group C, a total of 15 differential metabolites associated with depression were screened in the plasma of rats in group D, involving 6 metabolic pathways. Group P can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: valine, lactate, inositol, glucose, phosphocreatine, acetoacetic acid. Group A can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: N-acetylglycoprotein, leucine, lactate, low density lipoprotein, glucose and acetoacetic acid. Group R can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: choline, lactate, inositol, glucose, phosphocreatine and acetoacetic acid. Group E can regulate the levels of 5 metabolites: choline, citric acid, glucose, acetone and acetoacetic acid. The different types of exercise groups can improve the depressive symptoms in CUMS rats, and there are common metabolites and metabolic pathways for their mechanism of effects. This study provides a powerful analytical tool to study the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of exercise, and provides an important method and basis for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- School of Physical Education, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Changji Vocational and Technical College, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Dora K, Tsukamoto H, Suga T, Tomoo K, Suzuki A, Adachi Y, Takeshita M, Kato Y, Kawasaki M, Sato W, Imaizumi A, Karakawa S, Uchida H, Hashimoto T. Essential amino acid supplements ingestion has a positive effect on executive function after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22644. [PMID: 38114553 PMCID: PMC10730626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise acutely improves cognitive function (e.g., executive function (EF); memory recognition (MR)) and increases circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ingestion acutely shortens the choice reaction time and increases brain BDNF. We examined whether the ingestion of essential amino acid (EAA) supplements (mainly composed of BCAA) would positively impact on cognitive function and circulating BDNF after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Twenty-two healthy young men received either an EAA supplements or the placebo (PL) 30 min before undergoing aerobic exercise. The participants performed a cycling exercise at 60% of peak oxygen uptake for 30 min. EF after aerobic exercise was better after the EAA treatment than after the PL treatment (P = 0.02). MR (P = 0.38 for response accuracy; P = 0.15 for reaction time) and circulating BDNF (P = 0.59) were not altered by EAA supplements. EF improvement was correlated with increases in some amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine; all Ps < 0.05) that are potential substrates for synthesizing neurotransmitters in the brain. These results suggest that EAA supplements ingestion had a positive effect on EF after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, while MR and BDNF were not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Dora
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Keigo Tomoo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Asuka Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takeshita
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Kawasaki
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachise Karakawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Uchida
- Sports Nutrition Department, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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21
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McNair LM, Andersen JV, Waagepetersen HS. Stable isotope tracing reveals disturbed cellular energy and glutamate metabolism in hippocampal slices of aged male mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105626. [PMID: 37838084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and astrocytes work in close metabolic collaboration, linking neurotransmission to brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism. Dysregulated energy metabolism is a hallmark of the aging brain and may underlie the progressive age-dependent cognitive decline. However, astrocyte and neurotransmitter metabolism remains understudied in aging brain research. In particular, how aging affects metabolism of glutamate, being the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, is still poorly understood. Here we investigated critical aspects of cellular energy metabolism in the aging male mouse hippocampus using stable isotope tracing in vitro. Metabolism of [U-13C]glucose demonstrated an elevated glycolytic capacity of aged hippocampal slices, whereas oxidative [U-13C]glucose metabolism in the TCA cycle was significantly reduced with aging. In addition, metabolism of [1,2-13C]acetate, reflecting astrocyte energy metabolism, was likewise reduced in the hippocampal slices of old mice. In contrast, uptake and subsequent metabolism of [U-13C]glutamate was elevated, suggesting increased capacity for cellular glutamate handling with aging. Finally, metabolism of [15N]glutamate was maintained in the aged slices, demonstrating sustained glutamate nitrogen metabolism. Collectively, this study reveals fundamental alterations in cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in the aging brain, which may contribute to age-related hippocampal deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mikél McNair
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Velde Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Sønderby Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Fushuku S, Ushikai M, Arimura E, Komaki Y, Horiuchi M. Acute repeated cage exchange stress modifies urinary stress and plasma metabolic profiles in male mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292649. [PMID: 37815996 PMCID: PMC10564260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a novel environment is psychologically and physically stressful for humans and animals. The response has been reported to involve enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity, but changes in nutrient levels under stress are not fully understood. As a form of exposure to a novel environment, repeated cage exchange (CE, four times at 2-h intervals for 8 h from 08:00 h) during the light phase with no restraint on movement was applied to A/J mice, a strain particularly prone to stress. Body temperature was measured with a temperature-sensing microchip implanted in the interscapular region. The stress conditions and anxiety level were evaluated by measuring urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and by performing an anxiety-like behavior test, respectively. Major nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids in the plasma were also examined. CE mice showed a significant increase in body temperature with each CE. They also showed a significantly greater reduction of body weight change, more water intake, and higher levels of urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and anxiety-like behavior score than control mice. The model revealed a significantly lower plasma glucose level and higher levels of several essential amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine, than those of control mice. Meanwhile, free fatty acids and several amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, proline, threonine, and tryptophan in both sets of mice were significantly decreased from the corresponding levels at 08:00 h, while similar plasma levels were exhibited between mice with and without CE. In conclusion, repeated CE stress was associated with changes in glucose and amino acids in plasma. Although further study is needed to clarify how these changes are specifically linked to anxiety-like behavior, this study suggests the potential for nutritional intervention to counter stress in humans exposed to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Fushuku
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Arimura
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Kagoshima Prefectural College, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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23
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Wang C, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Jiang S, Wang L, Yin Y. The biological functions and metabolic pathways of valine in swine. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:135. [PMID: 37805513 PMCID: PMC10559503 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Valine is an essential amino acid and a type of branched-chain amino acid. Due to the involvement of branched-chain amino acids in various metabolic pathways, there has been a surge of interests in valine nutrition and its role in animal physiology. In pigs, the interactions between valine and other branched-chain amino acids or aromatic amino acids are complex. In this review, we delve into the interaction mechanism, metabolic pathways, and biological functions of valine. Appropriate valine supplementation not only enhances growth and reproductive performances, but also modulates gut microbiota and immune functions. Based on past observations and interpretations, we provide recommended feed levels of valine for weaned piglets, growing pigs, gilts, lactating sows, barrows and entire males. The summarized valine nutrient requirements for pigs at different stages offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuni Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Leli Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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24
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Yadav H, Jaldhi, Bhardwaj R, Anamika, Bakshi A, Gupta S, Maurya SK. Unveiling the role of gut-brain axis in regulating neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 330:122022. [PMID: 37579835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have shown the importance of gut microbiota in regulating brain functions. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in cross-talk between gut and brain provide insight into importance of this communication in maintenance of brain homeostasis. It has also been observed that disturbed gut microbiota contributes to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and aging. Recently, gut microbiome-derived exosomes have also been reported to play an essential role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and could thereby act as a therapeutic target. Further, pharmacological interventions including antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics can influence gut microbiome-mediated management of neurological diseases. However, extensive research is warranted to better comprehend this interconnection in maintenance of brain homeostasis and its implication in neurological diseases. Thus, the present review is aimed to provide a detailed understanding of gut-brain axis followed by possibilities to target the gut microbiome for improving neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaldhi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rati Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technical University, Delhi, India
| | - Anamika
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Tech Cell Innovations Private Limited, Centre for Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CMIE), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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25
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Liao Z, Han X, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhang L, Jiang M, Liu M. Differential Metabolites in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4191. [PMID: 37836475 PMCID: PMC10574084 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Many studies have attempted to utilize metabolomic approaches to explore potential biomarkers for the early detection of osteoarthritis (OA), but consistent and high-level evidence is still lacking. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of differential small molecule metabolites between OA patients and healthy individuals to screen promising candidates from a large number of samples with the aim of informing future prospective studies. (2) Methods: We searched the EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Wan Fang Data, VIP Date, and CNKI up to 11 August 2022, and selected relevant records based on inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. We performed qualitative synthesis by counting the frequencies of changing directions and conducted meta-analyses using the random effects model and the fixed-effects model to calculate the mean difference and 95% confidence interval. (3) Results: A total of 3798 records were identified and 13 studies with 495 participants were included. In the 13 studies, 132 kinds of small molecule differential metabolites were extracted, 58 increased, 57 decreased and 17 had direction conflicts. Among them, 37 metabolites appeared more than twice. The results of meta-analyses among four studies showed that three metabolites increased, and eight metabolites decreased compared to healthy controls (HC). (4) Conclusions: The main differential metabolites between OA and healthy subjects were amino acids (AAs) and their derivatives, including tryptophan, lysine, leucine, proline, phenylalanine, glutamine, dimethylglycine, citrulline, asparagine, acetylcarnitine and creatinine (muscle metabolic products), which could be potential biomarkers for predicting OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Liao
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xu Han
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jingru Shi
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- National Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Meijie Liu
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
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26
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Xia Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Li J, Li Z, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Yang J, Chen Q, Meng X. Combined effects of lead and manganese on locomotor activity and microbiota in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115260. [PMID: 37487434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) during early life influences neurodevelopment and increases the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the level of developmental neurotoxicity due to combined exposure to the two metals remains unclear. Although the microbiota plays an essential part in the development of the nervous system via the gut-brain axis, there is a paucity of information regarding the interactions between exposure to Pb and Mn, the destruction of the microbiome, and neurodevelopmental impacts. To fill in this knowledge gap, we investigated the developmental neurotoxicity and effects on the microbiota of Pb (0.05 mg·L-1) alone and in combination with Mn (0.3 mg·L-1) in zebrafish larvae. Our results revealed that combined exposure precipitated higher malformation rates and lower locomotor activity levels than exposure to either Pb or Mn alone. Additionally, when we separated the combined exposure group from the other groups by applying unsupervised principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) of microflora sequencing results, we observed extensive alterations in microbial abundances under combined-exposure conditions. Functional prediction analysis showed that combined exposure contributed to altered amino acid and lipid metabolism, and also that combined exposure to Pb and Mn reflected the greatest number of differentially activated biological pathways compared to the other three groups. ATP-binding cassette G (ABCG) genes and genes related to serotonin signaling and metabolism were altered following combined Pb and Mn exposure and exhibited disparate trends vis-à-vis Pb or Mn exposure alone. According to the results, the combined exposure to Pb and Mn led to more severe effects on both zebrafish locomotor activity and gut microbial composition. We suggest that the microbiota contributes to the combined neurotoxicity by increasing ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshun Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Institute of Occupational Health Assessment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Xie D, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xue X, Zhao S, Geng C, Li Y, Yang R, Gan Y, Li H, Ren Z, Jiang P. The impact of high-glucose or high-fat diets on the metabolomic profiling of mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1171806. [PMID: 37492592 PMCID: PMC10363684 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diets high in glucose or fat contribute to an increased prevalence of the diseases. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to observe and evaluate the impact of dietary components on different metabolomic profiles in primary tissues of mice. Methods For 8 weeks, diet with high-glucose or-fat was given to C57BL/6 J mice. The levels of metabolites in the primary tissues of mice were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and analyzed using multivariate statistics. Results By comparing the metabolic profiles between the two diet groups and control group in mice main tissues, our study revealed 32 metabolites in the high-glucose diet (HGD) group and 28 metabolites in the high-fat diet (HFD) group. The most significantly altered metabolites were amino acids (AAs; L-alanine, L-valine, glycine, L-aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, proline, and lysine), fatty acids (FAs; propanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexanoic acid, and myristic acid), and organic compounds (succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, L-(+)-lactic acid, myo-inositol, and urea). These metabolites are implicated in many metabolic pathways related to energy, AAs, and lipids metabolism. Conclusion We systematically analyzed the metabolic changes underlying high-glucose or high-fat diet. The two divergent diets induced patent changes in AA and lipid metabolism in the main tissues, and helped identify metabolic pathways in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xianzhong Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Yizhang Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfa Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Rusch JA, Layden BT, Dugas LR. Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130689. [PMID: 37404311 PMCID: PMC10316519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Rusch
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- C17 Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Li Z, Gu Z, Wang L, Guan Y, Lyu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Xiong J, Liu Y. Nuclear Translocation of LDHA Promotes the Catabolism of BCAAs to Sustain GBM Cell Proliferation through the TxN Antioxidant Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119365. [PMID: 37298317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is excitotoxic to neurons. The entry of glutamine or glutamate from the blood into the brain is limited. To overcome this, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism replenishes the glutamate in brain cells. Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) activity is silenced by epigenetic methylation in IDH mutant gliomas. However, glioblastomas (GBMs) express wild type IDH. Here, we investigated how oxidative stress promotes BCAAs' metabolism to maintain intracellular redox balance and, consequently, the rapid progression of GBMs. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation promoted the nuclear translocation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which triggered DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like)-mediated histone H3K79 hypermethylation and enhanced BCAA catabolism in GBM cells. Glutamate derived from BCAAs catabolism participates in antioxidant thioredoxin (TxN) production. The inhibition of BCAT1 decreased the tumorigenicity of GBM cells in orthotopically transplanted nude mice, and prolonged their survival time. In GBM samples, BCAT1 expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival time (OS) of patients. These findings highlight the role of the non-canonical enzyme activity of LDHA on BCAT1 expression, which links the two major metabolic pathways in GBMs. Glutamate produced by the catabolism of BCAAs was involved in complementary antioxidant TxN synthesis to balance the redox state in tumor cells and promote the progression of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Cyberknife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yingying Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Oncology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cyberknife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ozcelik F, Arslan S, Ozguc Caliskan B, Kardas F, Ozkul Y, Dundar M. PPM1K defects cause mild maple syrup urine disease: The second case in the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1360-1365. [PMID: 36706222 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by the insufficient catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD encode the subunits of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, which is responsible for the catabolism of these amino acids. Biallelic pathogenic variants in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, or DBT are characteristic of MSUD. In addition, a patient with a PPM1K defect was previously reported. PPM1K dephosphorylates and activates the enzyme complex. We report a patient with MSUD with mild findings and elevated BCAA levels carrying a novel homozygous start-loss variant in PPM1K. Our study offers further evidence that PPM1K variants cause mild MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Ozcelik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sezai Arslan
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Kardas
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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31
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Liu R, Zhang L, You H. Insulin Resistance and Impaired Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221147. [PMID: 37125547 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complicated and involves multiple contributing factors. Mounting evidence supports the concept that AD is an age-related metabolic neurodegenerative disease mediated in part by brain insulin resistance, and sharing similar metabolic dysfunctions and brain pathological characteristics that occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other insulin resistance disorders. Brain insulin signal pathway is a major regulator of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. In the past several years, impaired BCAA metabolism has been described in several insulin resistant states such as obesity, T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Disrupted BCAA metabolism leading to elevation in circulating BCAAs and related metabolites is an early metabolic phenotype of insulin resistance and correlated with future onset of T2DM. Brain is a major site for BCAA metabolism. BCAAs play pivotal roles in normal brain function, especially in signal transduction, nitrogen homeostasis, and neurotransmitter cycling. Evidence from animal models and patients support the involvement of BCAA dysmetabolism in neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and maple syrup urine disease. More recently, growing studies have revealed altered BCAA metabolism in AD, but the relationship between them is poorly understood. This review is focused on the recent findings regarding BCAA metabolism and its role in AD. Moreover, we will explore how impaired BCAA metabolism influences brain function and participates in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao You
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Maszka P, Kwasniak-Butowska M, Cysewski D, Slawek J, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Metabolomic Footprint of Disrupted Energetics and Amino Acid Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Therapy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030369. [PMID: 36984809 PMCID: PMC10057046 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing due to the aging population and improved longevity. They are characterized by a range of pathological hallmarks, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize the alterations in brain energy and amino acid metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Based on our findings, we proposed a group of selected metabolites related to disturbed energy or mitochondrial metabolism as potential indicators or predictors of disease. We also discussed the hidden challenges of metabolomics studies in NDs and proposed future directions in this field. We concluded that biochemical parameters of brain energy metabolism disruption (obtained with metabolomics) may have potential application as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of the effectiveness of therapies for NDs. However, more studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of the proposed candidates. We suggested that the most valuable biomarkers for NDs studies could be groups of metabolites combined with other neuroimaging or molecular techniques. To attain clinically applicable results, the integration of metabolomics with other “omic” techniques might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Maszka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwasniak-Butowska
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Slawek
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
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Wang Z, Nie Y, Yu S, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Consolidation of temperature-dependent toxicity and thermoregulatory behavior into risk assessments of insecticides under thermal scenarios: A prospective study on Eremias argus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107742. [PMID: 36669286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the temperature-dependent chemical toxicity of three insecticides and the resulting thermoregulatory (TR) behavior of the lizard Eremias argus have been consolidated into the current risk assessment framework. According to acute dermal toxicity assays, an increase of ambient temperature from 15 °C to 35 °C decreased the acute dermal toxicity of beta-cyfluthrin (BC) but increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF). The toxicity of avermectin (AVM) did not show significant temperature-dependent responses. Based on thermal preference trials, lizards changed their body temperature via TR behavior to adaptively reduce toxicity under sub-lethal doses, which can be understood as a "self-rescue" behavior attenuating lethal effects. However, the risk quotient indicated that the effectiveness of this "self-rescue" behavior is limited. Metabolomics analysis showed that six different metabolites (i.e., creatine, glutamate, succinate, N-acetylaspartate, acetylcholine, and lactate) contributed to TR behavior changes. Biochemical assays and insecticide residue results demonstrated that the temperature-dependent toxicity of BC, CPF, and AVM affected lizards in the three aspects of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and neurometabolic interference. This work clarifies the ecotoxicological impacts of representative insecticides on reptiles from toxicological understanding to risk relevance. This knowledge may improve ecological predictions of agrochemical applications in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufan Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Simin Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luyao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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34
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Rigamonti AE, Frigerio G, Caroli D, De Col A, Cella SG, Sartorio A, Fustinoni S. A Metabolomics-Based Investigation of the Effects of a Short-Term Body Weight Reduction Program in a Cohort of Adolescents with Obesity: A Prospective Interventional Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:529. [PMID: 36771236 PMCID: PMC9921209 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics applied to assess the response to a body weight reduction program (BWRP) may generate valuable information concerning the biochemical mechanisms/pathways underlying the BWRP-induced cardiometabolic benefits. The aim of the present study was to establish the BWRP-induced changes in the metabolomic profile that characterizes the obese condition. In particular, a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted metabolomic approach was used to determine a total of 188 endogenous metabolites in the plasma samples of a cohort of 42 adolescents with obesity (female/male = 32/10; age = 15.94 ± 1.33 year; body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) = 2.96 ± 0.46) who underwent a 3-week BWRP, including hypocaloric diet, physical exercise, nutritional education, and psychological support. The BWRP was capable of significantly improving body composition (e.g., BMI SDS, p < 0.0001), glucometabolic homeostasis (e.g., glucose, p < 0.0001), and cardiovascular function (e.g., diastolic blood pressure, p = 0.016). A total of 64 metabolites were significantly reduced after the intervention (at least p < 0.05), including 53 glycerophospholipids (23 PCs ae, 21 PCs aa, and 9 lysoPCs), 7 amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, citrulline, tryptophan, glutamic acid, and leucine), the biogenic amine kynurenine, 2 sphingomyelins, and (free) carnitine (C0). On the contrary, three metabolites were significantly increased after the intervention (at least p < 0.05)-in particular, glutamine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, and the octadecenoyl-carnitine (C18:1). In conclusion, when administered to adolescents with obesity, a short-term BWRP is capable of changing the metabolomic profile in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Frigerio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue Du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G. Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Fermo KT, da Silva Lemos I, Farias HR, Rosso MP, Effting PS, Leipnitz G, Streck EL. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) administration increases autophagy and the autophagic pathway in brain tissue of rats submitted to a Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) protocol. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:287-293. [PMID: 36305998 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism (EIM) biochemically characterized by the tissue accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their branched-chain alpha-keto acids. The mechanisms by which BCAA and their branched-chain alpha-keto acids lead to the neurological damage observed in MSUD are poorly understood. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that BCAA induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which may modulate several important signaling pathways necessary for cellular homeostasis maintenance, such as autophagy. Taking this into account, we evaluated the effects of BCAA on the autophagic pathway in brain structures of rats submitted to the administration of these amino acids (animal model of MSUD). Our findings showed that BCAA significantly increased the levels of Beclin-1, ATG7, and ATG5 in the cerebral cortex of rats. In addition, BCAA augmented ATG12 levels in the striatum and ATG5 and LC3 I-II in the hippocampus. Therefore, our work demonstrates that the administration of BCAA increases autophagy and autophagic cell death, possibly mediated by the elevated levels of reactive species generated by BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Teixeira Fermo
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Marina Peyrot Rosso
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brasil
| | - Emílio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil.
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36
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The ‘Whey’ to good health: Whey protein and its beneficial effect on metabolism, gut microbiota and mental health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance, from Protein Supply to Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010068. [PMID: 36615726 PMCID: PMC9824001 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, there has been a wide debate about the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, valine, and isoleucine, with, on the one hand, the supporters of their anabolic effects and, on the other hand, those who suspect them of promoting insulin resistance. Indeed, the role of leucine in the postprandial activation of protein synthesis has been clearly established, even though supplementation studies aimed at taking advantage of this property are rather disappointing. Furthermore, there is ample evidence of an association between the elevation of their plasma concentrations and insulin resistance or the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although there are many confounding factors, starting with the level of animal protein consumption. After a summary of their metabolism and anabolic properties, we analyze in this review the factors likely to increase the plasma concentrations of BCAAs, including insulin-resistance. After an analysis of supplementation or restriction studies in search of a direct role of BCAAs in insulin resistance, we discuss an indirect role through some of their metabolites: branched-chain keto acids, C3 and C5 acylcarnitines, and hydroxyisobutyrate. Overall, given the importance of insulin in the metabolism of these amino acids, it is very likely that small alterations in insulin sensitivity are responsible for a reduction in their catabolism long before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance.
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da Silva Lemos I, Wessler LB, Duarte MB, da Silva GL, Bernardo HT, Candiotto G, Torres CA, Petronilho F, Rico EP, Streck EL. Exposure to leucine alters glutamate levels and leads to memory and social impairment in zebrafish. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2925-2935. [PMID: 36040712 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high levels in blood and urine of branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine and their alpha-ketoacids, by a partial or total blockade in the activity of branched-chain complex alpha-keto acids dehydrogenase. The main symptoms in MSUD occur in the central nervous system, including cognitive deficits, locomotor, poor feeding, seizures, psychomotor delay, and mental retardation, but the mechanisms of neurotoxicity and behavior alteration due to this disease are poorly understood, thus this study aimed at showing the effects of leucine exposure on glutamate levels and behavior in zebrafish. For this, we analyzed the behavior using the social preference test and novel object recognition test, moreover, we analyse the glutamate levels and uptake using scintillation and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Our results demonstrated a decrease in glutamate levels and uptake, accompanied by memory and social impairment. In conclusion, these results suggest that alterations in glutamate levels can be associated with behavior impairment, however, more studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms for brain damage in MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Leticia Burato Wessler
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Mariane Bernardo Duarte
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Lodetti da Silva
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Henrique Teza Bernardo
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Candiotto
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Carolina Antunes Torres
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil.
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Carneiro TJ, Vojtek M, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Marques MPM, Diniz C, Gil AM. Effect of Pd 2Spermine on Mice Brain-Liver Axis Metabolism Assessed by NMR Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13773. [PMID: 36430252 PMCID: PMC9693583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cDDP)-based chemotherapy is often limited by severe deleterious effects (nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity). The polynuclear palladium(II) compound Pd2Spermine (Pd2Spm) has emerged as a potential alternative drug, with favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. This paper reports on a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics study to (i) characterize the response of mice brain and liver to Pd2Spm, compared to cDDP, and (ii) correlate brain-liver metabolic variations. Multivariate and correlation analysis of the spectra of polar and lipophilic brain and liver extracts from an MDA-MB-231 cell-derived mouse model revealed a stronger impact of Pd2Spm on brain metabolome, compared to cDDP. This was expressed by changes in amino acids, inosine, cholate, pantothenate, fatty acids, phospholipids, among other compounds. Liver was less affected than brain, with cDDP inducing more metabolite changes. Results suggest that neither drug induces neuronal damage or inflammation, and that Pd2Spm seems to lead to enhanced brain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, regulation of brain bioactive metabolite pools and adaptability of cell membrane characteristics. The cDDP appears to induce higher extension of liver damage and an enhanced need for liver regeneration processes. This work demonstrates the usefulness of untargeted metabolomics in evaluating drug impact on multiple organs, while confirming Pd2Spm as a promising replacement of cDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana J. Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Paula M. Marques
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Vanweert F, Schrauwen P, Phielix E. Role of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes-related metabolic disturbances BCAA metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:35. [PMID: 35931683 PMCID: PMC9356071 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has been considered to have an emerging role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies showed elevated plasma BCAA levels in humans with insulin resistance and patients with T2D, although the underlying reason is unknown. Dysfunctional BCAA catabolism could theoretically be an underlying factor. In vitro and animal work collectively show that modulation of the BCAA catabolic pathway alters key metabolic processes affecting glucose homeostasis, although an integrated understanding of tissue-specific BCAA catabolism remains largely unknown, especially in humans. Proof-of-concept studies in rodents -and to a lesser extent in humans – strongly suggest that enhancing BCAA catabolism improves glucose homeostasis in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and T2D. In this review, we discuss several hypothesized mechanistic links between BCAA catabolism and insulin resistance and overview current available tools to modulate BCAA catabolism in vivo. Furthermore, this review considers whether enhancing BCAA catabolism forms a potential future treatment strategy to promote metabolic health in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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41
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Cui C, Wang C, Han S, Yu D, Zhu L, Jiang P. Impact of a long-term high-fructose diet on systemic metabolic profiles of mice. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:560-572. [PMID: 35949511 PMCID: PMC9353457 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that chronic high-fructose diets (HFrD) can lead to metabolic abnormalities and cause a variety of diseases. However, the underlying mechanism by which long-term high fructose intake influencing systemic metabolism remains unclarified. This study, therefore, attempted to investigate the impact of a high-fructose diet on metabolic profile. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with 15% fructose solution as their only source of water for 8 weeks. Afterward, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to investigate the comprehensive metabolic profile of serum, muscle, liver, heart, white adipose, brain, and kidney tissues, and multivariate analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to screen for differential metabolite expression between the HFrD and control groups. Furthermore, the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG; http://www.kegg.jp) were employed to portray a detailed metabolic network. This study identified 62 metabolites related to HFrD and 10 disturbed metabolic pathways. The results indicated that high fructose intake mainly influenced amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis (glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis pathways), glutathione metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in serum, whereas these pathways were suppressed in the brain. Starch and sucrose metabolism in muscle was also disrupted. These results elucidate the effects of long-term high fructose consumption on the metabolic profiles of various tissues and provide new insight for the identification of potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways disrupted by high fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmeng Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | | | - Dingyi Yu
- Jining Life Science CenterJiningChina
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyJining First People's HospitalJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyJining First People's HospitalJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
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Andersen JV, Schousboe A, Verkhratsky A. Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102331. [PMID: 35872221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling, collectively known as the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, which is essential to sustain neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter recycling is intimately linked to astrocyte energy metabolism. In the course of AD, astrocytes undergo extensive metabolic remodeling, which may profoundly affect the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. The consequences of altered astrocyte function and metabolism in relation to neurotransmitter recycling are yet to be comprehended. Metabolic alterations of astrocytes in AD deprive neurons of metabolic support, thereby contributing to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In addition, several astrocyte-specific components of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthesis and synaptic neurotransmitter uptake, are perturbed in AD. Integration of the complex astrocyte biology within the context of AD is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the disease, while restoring astrocyte metabolism may serve as an approach to arrest or even revert clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Maternal immune activation in rats induces dysfunction of placental leucine transport and alters fetal brain growth. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1117-1137. [PMID: 35852150 PMCID: PMC9366863 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the offspring risk of developing a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. While the mechanisms remain unclear, dysregulation of placental function is implicated. We hypothesised that maternal infection, leading to maternal immune activation and stimulated cytokine production, alters placental and yolk sac amino acid transport, affecting fetal brain development and thus NDD risk. Using a rat model of maternal immune activation induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), we investigated placental and yolk sac expression of system L amino acid transporter subtypes which transport several essential amino acids including branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), maternal and fetal BCAA concentration, placental 14C-leucine transport activity and associated impacts on fetal growth and development. Poly(I:C) treatment increased acutely maternal IL-6 and TNFα concentration, contrasting with IL-1β. Transcriptional responses for these pro-inflammatory cytokines were found in placenta and yolk sac following poly(I:C) treatment. Placental and yolk sac weights were reduced by poly(I:C) treatment, yet fetal body weight was unaffected, while fetal brain weight was increased. Maternal plasma BCAA concentration was reduced 24 h post-poly(I:C) treatment, yet placental, but not yolk sac, BCAA concentration was increased. Placental and yolk sac gene expression of Slc7a5, Slc7a8 and Slc43a2 encoding LAT1, LAT2 and LAT4 transporter subtypes respectively, was altered by poly(I:C) treatment. Placental 14C-leucine transport was significantly reduced 24 h post-treatment, contrasting with a significant increase six days following poly(I:C) treatment. Maternal immune activation induces dysregulated placental transport of amino acids affecting fetal brain development, and NDD risk potential in offspring.
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Poulsen KO, Meng F, Lanfranchi E, Young JF, Stanton C, Ryan CA, Kelly AL, Sundekilde UK. Dynamic Changes in the Human Milk Metabolome Over 25 Weeks of Lactation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917659. [PMID: 35911093 PMCID: PMC9331903 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) provides essential nutrition for ensuring optimal infant growth and development postpartum. Metabolomics offers insight into the dynamic composition of HM. Studies have reported the impact of lactation stage, maternal genotype, and gestational age on HM metabolome. However, the majority of the studies have considered changes within the first month of lactation or sampled with large intervals. This leaves a gap in the knowledge of progressing variation in HM composition beyond the first month of lactation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the HM metabolome from mothers with term deliveries varies beyond 1 month of lactation, during the period in which HM is considered fully mature. Human milk samples (n = 101) from 59 mothers were collected at weeks 1-2, 3-5, 7-9, and 20-25 postpartum and analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Several metabolites varied over lactation and exhibited dynamic changes between multiple time points. Higher levels of HM oligosaccharides, cis-aconitate, O-phosphocholine, O-acetylcarnitine, gluconate, and citric acid were observed in early lactation, whereas later in lactation, levels of lactose, 3-fucosyllactose, glutamine, glutamate, and short- and medium-chain fatty acids were increased. Notably, we demonstrate that the HM metabolome is dynamic during the period of maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Overgaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fanyu Meng
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisa Lanfranchi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- ACIB – Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - C. Anthony Ryan
- Brookfield School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan L. Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Comparative Metabolomics Study of the Impact of Articaine and Lidocaine on the Metabolism of SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070581. [PMID: 35888705 PMCID: PMC9323911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articaine (ATC) and lidocaine (LDC) are the local anesthetics (LAs) currently most employed in dentistry. Cases of paresthesia, reported more frequently for ATC, have raised concerns about their potential neurotoxicity, calling for further investigation of their biological effects in neuronal cells. In this work, the impact of ATC and LDC on the metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells was investigated through 1H NMR metabolomics. For each LA, in vitro cultured cells were exposed to concentrations causing 10 and 50% reductions in cell viability, and their metabolic intracellular and extracellular profiles were characterized. Most effects were common to ATC and LDC, although with varying magnitudes. The metabolic variations elicited by the two LAs suggested (i) downregulation of glycolysis and of glucose-dependent pathways (e.g., one-carbon metabolism and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway), (ii) disturbance of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism, (iii) downregulation of TCA cycle anaplerotic fueling and activation of alternative energy producing pathways, (iv) interference with choline metabolism and (v) lipid droplet build-up. Interestingly, LDC had a greater impact on membrane phospholipid turnover, as suggested by higher phosphatidylcholine to phosphocholine conversion. Moreover, LDC elicited an increase in triglycerides, whereas cholesteryl esters accumulated in ATC-exposed cells, suggesting a different composition and handling of lipid droplets.
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Faria-Pereira A, Temido-Ferreira M, Morais VA. BrainPhys Neuronal Media Support Physiological Function of Mitochondria in Mouse Primary Neuronal Cultures. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:837448. [PMID: 35774868 PMCID: PMC9239074 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.837448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro neuronal cultures are extensively used in the field of neurosciences as they represent an accessible experimental tool for neuronal genetic manipulation, time-lapse imaging, and drug screening. Optimizing the cultivation of rodent primary neuronal cultures led to the development of defined media that support the growth and maintenance of different neuronal types. Recently, a new neuronal medium, BrainPhys (BP), was formulated envisioning the mimicry of brain physiological conditions and suitability for cultured human iPSC-derived neurons and rat primary neurons. However, its advantages in mouse primary neuronal cultures and its effects in neuronal bioenergetics are yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we validated the beneficial use of BP in mouse primary neuronal cultures based on the observation that neuronal cultures in BP media showed enhanced ATP levels, which increased throughout neuronal maturation, a finding that correlates with higher mitochondrial activity and ATP production at later maturation stages, as well as an increased glycolysis response on mitochondrial inhibition and increased mitochondrial fuel flexibility. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BP medium promotes mitochondrial activity along with neuronal maturation of in vitro cultures.
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Improvement of Fusel Alcohol Production by Engineering of the Yeast Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransaminase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0055722. [PMID: 35699439 PMCID: PMC9275217 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain higher alcohols (BCHAs), or fusel alcohols, including isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, and active amyl alcohol, are useful compounds in several industries. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can synthesize these compounds via the metabolic pathways of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Branched-chain amino acid aminotransaminases (BCATs) are the key enzymes for BCHA production via the Ehrlich pathway of BCAAs. BCATs catalyze a bidirectional transamination reaction between branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) and BCAAs. In S. cerevisiae, there are two BCAT isoforms, Bat1 and Bat2, which are encoded by the genes BAT1 and BAT2. Although many studies have shown the effects of deletion or overexpression of BAT1 and BAT2 on BCHA production, there have been no reports on the enhancement of BCHA production by functional variants of BCATs. Here, to improve BCHA productivity, we designed variants of Bat1 and Bat2 with altered enzyme activity by using in silico computational analysis: the Gly333Ser and Gly333Trp Bat1 and corresponding Gly316Ser and Gly316Trp Bat2 variants, respectively. When expressed in S. cerevisiae cells, most of these variants caused a growth defect in minimal medium. Interestingly, the Gly333Trp Bat1 and Gly316Ser Bat2 variants achieved 18.7-fold and 17.4-fold increases in isobutanol above that for the wild-type enzyme, respectively. The enzyme assay revealed that the catalytic activities of all four BCAT variants were lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. Our results indicate that the decreased BCAT activity enhanced BCHA production by reducing BCAA biosynthesis, which occurs via a pathway that directly competes with BCHA production. IMPORTANCE Recently, several studies have attempted to increase the production of branched-chain higher alcohols (BCHAs) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The key enzymes for BCHA biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae are the branched-chain amino acid aminotransaminases (BCATs) Bat1 and Bat2. Deletion or overexpression of the genes encoding BCATs has an impact on the production of BCHAs; however, amino acid substitution variants of Bat1 and Bat2 that could affect enzymatic properties—and ultimately BCHA productivity—have not been fully studied. By using in silico analysis, we designed variants of Bat1 and Bat2 and expressed them in yeast cells. We found that the engineered BCATs decreased catalytic activities and increased BCHA production. Our approach provides new insight into the functions of BCATs and will be useful in the future construction of enzymes optimized for high-level production of BCHAs.
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Senthil K, Hefti MM, Singh LN, Morgan RW, Mavroudis CD, Ko T, Gaudio H, Nadkarni VM, Ehinger J, Berg RA, Sutton RM, McGowan FX, Kilbaugh TJ. Transcriptome and metabolome after porcine hemodynamic-directed CPR compared with standard CPR and sham controls. Resusc Plus 2022; 10:100243. [PMID: 35592874 PMCID: PMC9111986 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of cardiac arrest (CA) on cerebral transcriptomics and metabolomics is unknown. We previously demonstrated hemodynamic-directed CPR (HD-CPR) improves survival with favorable neurologic outcomes versus standard CPR (Std-CPR). We hypothesized HD-CPR would preserve the cerebral transcriptome and metabolome compared to Std-CPR. Design Randomized pre-clinical animal trial. Setting Large animal resuscitation laboratory at an academic children’s hospital. Subjects Four-week-old female piglets (8–11 kg). Interventions Pigs (1-month-old), three groups: 1) HD-CPR (compression depth to systolic BP 90 mmHg, vasopressors to coronary perfusion pressure 20 mmHg); 2) Std-CPR and 3) shams (no CPR). HD-CPR and Std-CPR underwent asphyxia, induced ventricular fibrillation, 10–20 min of CPR and post-resuscitation care. Primary outcomes at 24 h in cerebral cortex: 1) transcriptomic analysis (n = 4 per treatment arm, n = 8 sham) of 1727 genes using differential gene expression and 2) metabolomic analysis (n = 5 per group) of 27 metabolites using one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey HSD. Measurements and main results 65 genes were differentially expressed between HD-CPR and Std-CPR and 72 genes between Std-CPR and sham, but only five differed between HD-CPR and sham. Std-CPR increased the concentration of five AA compared to HD-CPR and sham, including the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), but zero metabolites differed between HD-CPR and sham. Conclusions In cerebral cortex 24 h post CA, Std-CPR resulted in a different transcriptome and metabolome compared with either HD-CPR or sham. HD-CPR preserves the transcriptome and metabolome, and is neuroprotective. Global molecular analyses may be a novel method to assess efficacy of clinical interventions and identify therapeutic targets. Institutional protocol number IAC 16-001023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Senthil
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
- Corresponding author at: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Marco M. Hefti
- University of Iowa, Division of Pathology, United States
| | - Larry N. Singh
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan W. Morgan
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Constantine D. Mavroudis
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, United States
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - Hunter Gaudio
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Vinay M. Nadkarni
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Johannes Ehinger
- Lund University, Mitochondrial Medicine, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Berg
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Robert M. Sutton
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Francis X. McGowan
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
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Yoo HS, Shanmugalingam U, Smith PD. Potential roles of branched-chain amino acids in neurodegeneration. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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50
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Amaral AU, Wajner M. Pathophysiology of maple syrup urine disease: Focus on the neurotoxic role of the accumulated branched-chain amino acids and branched-chain α-keto acids. Neurochem Int 2022; 157:105360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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