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Kang Y, Qin H, Wang G, Lei B, Yang X, Zhong M. Selenium Nanoparticles Mitigate Cadmium Stress in Tomato through Enhanced Accumulation and Transport of Sulfate/Selenite and Polyamines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1473-1486. [PMID: 38214288 PMCID: PMC10811693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) ions in soil is an increasingly acute ecological problem in agriculture production. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can mediate Cd tolerance in plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we show that the foliar application of SeNPs improved the adaptive capacity of tomato plants to decrease Cd-induced damage. SeNPs induced more Cd in roots but not in shoots despite greater accumulation of selenium and sulfur in both tissues and high selenate influx. Additionally, SeNPs significantly increased thiol compounds, including glutathione, cysteine, and phytochelatins, contributing to enhanced Cd detoxification. Importantly, SeNPs induced the expression of sulfate transporters 1:3, S-adenosylmethionine 1 and polyamine transporter 3. Then, experiments with mutants of these genes showed that SeNP-reduced Cd stress largely relies on the levels and shoot-to-root transport of selenium/sulfur and polyamines. These findings highlight the potential of SeNPs to improve crop production and phytoremediation in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Kang
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Qin
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Guohu Wang
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical
Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xian Yang
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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2
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Singh G, Le H, Ablordeppey K, Long S, Minocha R, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1 (CsGGCT2;1) reduces arsenic toxicity and accumulation in Camelina sativa (L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:14. [PMID: 38135793 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpressing CsGGCT2;1 in Camelina enhances arsenic tolerance, reducing arsenic accumulation by 40-60%. Genetically modified Camelina can potentially thrive on contaminated lands and help safeguard food quality and sustainable food and biofuel production. Environmental arsenic contamination is a serious global issue that adversely affects human health and diminishes the quality of harvested produce. Glutathione (GSH) is known to bind and detoxify arsenic and other toxic metals. A steady level of GSH is maintained within cells via the γ-glutamyl cycle. The γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCTs) have previously been shown to be involved in GSH degradation and increased tolerance to toxic metals in plants. In this study, we characterized the GGCT2;1 homolog from Camelina sativa for its role in arsenic tolerance and accumulation. Overexpression of CsGGCT2;1 in Camelina under CaMV35S constitutive promoter resulted in strong tolerance to arsenite (AsIII). The overexpression (OE) lines had 2.6-3.5-fold higher shoots and sevenfold to tenfold enhanced root biomass on media supplemented with AsIII, relative to wild-type plants. The CsGGCT2;1 OE lines accumulated 40-60% less arsenic in root and shoot tissues compared to wild-type plants. Further, the OE lines had ~ twofold higher chlorophyll content and 35% lesser levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of membrane damage via lipid peroxidation. There was a slight but non-significant increase in 5-oxoproline (5-OP), a product of GSH degradation, in OE lines. However, the transcript levels of Oxoprolinase 1 (OXP1) were upregulated, indicating the accelerated conversion of 5-OP to glutamate, which is further utilized for the resynthesis of GSH to maintain GSH homeostasis. Overall, this research suggests that genetically modified Camelina may have the potential for cultivation on contaminated marginal lands to reduce As accumulation; thereby could help in addressing food safety issues as well as future food and biofuel needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpal Singh
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Helen Le
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kenny Ablordeppey
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Long
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Rakesh Minocha
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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3
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Ni WJ, Mubeen S, Leng XM, He C, Yang Z. Molecular-Assisted Breeding of Cadmium Pollution-Safe Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37923701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in edible agricultural products, especially in crops intended for consumption, has raised worldwide concerns regarding food safety. Breeding of Cd pollution-safe cultivars (Cd-PSCs) is an effective solution to preventing the entry of Cd into the food chain from contaminated agricultural soil. Molecular-assisted breeding methods, based on molecular mechanisms for cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation and bioinformatic tools, have been developed to accelerate and facilitate the breeding of Cd-PSCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research of the low Cd accumulation traits of Cd-PSCs in different crops. Furthermore, the application of molecular-assisted breeding methods, including transgenic approaches, genome editing, marker-assisted selection, whole genome-wide association analysis, and transcriptome, has been highlighted to outline the breeding of Cd-PSCs by identifying critical genes and molecular biomarkers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Cd-PSCs and the potential future for breeding Cd-PSC using modern molecular technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Ni
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Min Leng
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chuntao He
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Daurov D, Zhambakin K, Shamekova M. Phytoremediation as a way to clean technogenically polluted areas of Kazakhstan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271684. [PMID: 37222372 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most serious problems worldwide is heavy metal (HM) pollution. HMs can have a toxic effect on human health and thus cause serious diseases. To date, several methods have been used to clean environments contaminated by HMs, but most of them are expensive, and it is difficult to achieve the desired result. Phytoremediation is currently an effective and affordable processing solution used to clean and remove HMs from the environment. This review article discusses in detail the technology of phytoremediation and mechanisms of HM absorption. In addition, methods are described using genetic engineering of various plants to enhance the resistance and accumulation of HMs. Thus, phytoremediation technology can become an additional aid to traditional methods of purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Daurov
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Breeding and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K Zhambakin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Breeding and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - M Shamekova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Breeding and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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5
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Xing Q, Hasan MK, Li Z, Yang T, Jin W, Qi Z, Yang P, Wang G, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. Melatonin-induced plant adaptation to cadmium stress involves enhanced phytochelatin synthesis and nutrient homeostasis in Solanum lycopersicum L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131670. [PMID: 37236109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is an increasingly serious problem in crop production. Although significant progress has been made to comprehend the molecular mechanism of phytochelatins (PCs)-mediated Cd detoxification, the information on the hormonal regulation of PCs is very fragmentary. In the present study, we constructed TRV-COMT, TRV-PCS, and TRV-COMT-PCS plants to further assess the function of CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (COMT) and PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE (PCS) in melatonin-induced regulation of plant resistance to Cd stress in tomato. Cd stress significantly decreased chlorophyll content and CO2 assimilation rate, but increased Cd, H2O2 and MDA accumulation in the shoot, most profoundly in PCs deficient TRV-PCS and TRV-COMT-PCS plants. Notably, Cd stress and exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased endogenous melatonin and PC contents in non-silenced plants. Results also explored that melatonin could alleviate oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant capacity and redox homeostasis by conserving improved GSH:GSSG and ASA:DHA ratios. Moreover, melatonin improves osmotic balance and nutrient absorption by regulating the synthesis of PCs. This study unveiled a crucial mechanism of melatonin-regulated PC synthesis, persuaded Cd stress tolerance and nutrient balance in tomato, which may have potential implications for the enhancement of plant resistance to toxic heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qufan Xing
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiduo Jin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China; Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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6
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Sinha D, Datta S, Mishra R, Agarwal P, Kumari T, Adeyemi SB, Kumar Maurya A, Ganguly S, Atique U, Seal S, Kumari Gupta L, Chowdhury S, Chen JT. Negative Impacts of Arsenic on Plants and Mitigation Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091815. [PMID: 37176873 PMCID: PMC10181087 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid prevalent mainly in soil and water. The presence of As above permissible levels becomes toxic and detrimental to living organisms, therefore, making it a significant global concern. Humans can absorb As through drinking polluted water and consuming As-contaminated food material grown in soil having As problems. Since human beings are mobile organisms, they can use clean uncontaminated water and food found through various channels or switch from an As-contaminated area to a clean area; but plants are sessile and obtain As along with essential minerals and water through roots that make them more susceptible to arsenic poisoning and consequent stress. Arsenic and phosphorus have many similarities in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics, and they commonly compete to cause physiological anomalies in biological systems that contribute to further stress. Initial indicators of arsenic's propensity to induce toxicity in plants are a decrease in yield and a loss in plant biomass. This is accompanied by considerable physiological alterations; including instant oxidative surge; followed by essential biomolecule oxidation. These variables ultimately result in cell permeability and an electrolyte imbalance. In addition, arsenic disturbs the nucleic acids, the transcription process, and the essential enzymes engaged with the plant system's primary metabolic pathways. To lessen As absorption by plants, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed which include agronomic practices, plant breeding, genetic manipulation, computer-aided modeling, biochemical techniques, and the altering of human approaches regarding consumption and pollution, and in these ways, increased awareness may be generated. These mitigation strategies will further help in ensuring good health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This article summarises the nature of the impact of arsenic on plants, the physio-biochemical mechanisms evolved to cope with As stress, and the mitigation measures that can be employed to eliminate the negative effects of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sinha
- Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Mohanpur 721436, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumi Datta
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Reema Mishra
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Tripti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi
- Ethnobotany/Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Arun Kumar Maurya
- Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharmistha Ganguly
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008, Jharkhand, India
| | - Usman Atique
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biological Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanchita Seal
- Department of Botany, Polba Mahavidyalaya, Polba 712148, West Bengal, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari Gupta
- Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Shahana Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, German University Bangladesh, TNT Road, Telipara, Chandona Chowrasta, Gazipur 1702, Bangladesh
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
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7
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Rahman IMM, Khan BM. Physiological responses of wild grass Holcus lanatus L. to potentially toxic elements in soils: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54470-54482. [PMID: 36995503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils accumulate in plants, obstruct their growth, and pose hazards to the consumer via the food chain. Many kinds of grass, grass-like plants, and other higher plant species have evolved a tolerance to PTEs. Holcus lanatus L., a wild grass, is also tolerant (an excluder) of PTEs, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). However, the extent of tolerance varies among ecotypes and genotypes. The PTE tolerance mechanism of H. lanatus curtails the typical uptake process and causes a reduced translocation of PTEs from the roots to the shoots, while such a characteristic is useful for contaminated land management. The ecology and response patterns of Holcus lanatus L. to PTEs, along with the associated mechanisms, are reviewed in the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Bayezid M Khan
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
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8
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Raturi G, Chaudhary A, Rana V, Mandlik R, Sharma Y, Barvkar V, Salvi P, Tripathi DK, Kaur J, Deshmukh R, Dhar H. Microbial remediation and plant-microbe interaction under arsenic pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160972. [PMID: 36566865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem is a serious environmental issue. Both natural and anthropogenic processes can introduce it into the environment. The speciation of the As determine the level of its toxicity. Among the four oxidation states of As (-3, 0, +3, and + 5), As(III) and As(V) are the common species found in the environment, As(III) being the more toxic with adverse impact on the plants and animals including human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to remediate arsenic from the polluted water and soil. Different physicochemical as well as biological strategies can be used for the amelioration of arsenic polluted soil. Among the microbial approaches, oxidation of arsenite, methylation of arsenic, biosorption, bioprecipitation and bioaccumulation are the promising transformation activities in arsenic remediation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the significance of the microorganisms in As toxicity amelioration in soil, factors affecting the microbial remediation, interaction of the plants with As resistant bacteria, and the effect of microorganisms on plant arsenic tolerance mechanism. In addition, the exploration of genetic engineering of the bacteria has a huge importance in bioremediation strategies, as the engineered microbes are more potent in terms of remediation activity along with quick adaptively in As polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anchal Chaudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Varnika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | | | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Plaksha University, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Hena Dhar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India.
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Kumar K, Shinde A, Aeron V, Verma A, Arif NS. Genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation: advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 32:12-30. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-022-00776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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10
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2430. [PMID: 36768751 PMCID: PMC9917255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper ions, which have high affinities for S-containing ligands. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent data on PC biosynthesis, structure, and role in metal(loid) transport and sequestration in the vacuoles of plant cells. A comparative analysis of PC accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their shoots, and in the excluders, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their roots, investigates the question of whether the endogenous PC concentration determines a plant's tolerance to metal(loid)s. Summarizing the available data, it can be concluded that PCs are not involved in metal(loid) hyperaccumulation machinery, though they play a key role in metal(loid) homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological role of metal(loid)-binding ligands is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology, plant physiology, ionomics, and toxicology, and is important for the development of technologies used in phytoremediation, biofortification, and phytomining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Gupta A, Dubey P, Kumar M, Roy A, Sharma D, Khan MM, Bajpai AB, Shukla RP, Pathak N, Hasanuzzaman M. Consequences of Arsenic Contamination on Plants and Mycoremediation-Mediated Arsenic Stress Tolerance for Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233220. [PMID: 36501260 PMCID: PMC9735799 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in water and soil is becoming a severe problem. It is toxic to the environment and human health. It is usually found in small quantities in rock, soil, air, and water which increase due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Arsenic exposure leads to several diseases such as vascular disease, including stroke, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease, and also increases the risk of liver, lungs, kidneys, and bladder tumors. Arsenic leads to oxidative stress that causes an imbalance in the redox system. Mycoremediation approaches can potentially reduce the As level near the contaminated sites and are procuring popularity as being eco-friendly and cost-effective. Many fungi have specific metal-binding metallothionein proteins, which are used for immobilizing the As concentration from the soil, thereby removing the accumulated As in crops. Some fungi also have other mechanisms to reduce the As contamination, such as biosynthesis of glutathione, cell surface precipitation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biosorption, bioaccumulation, biovolatilization, methylation, and chelation of As. Arsenic-resistant fungi and recombinant yeast have a significant potential for better elimination of As from contaminated areas. This review discusses the relationship between As exposure, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways. We also explain how to overcome the detrimental effects of As contamination through mycoremediation, unraveling the mechanism of As-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Gupta
- IIRC-3, Plant-Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Dubey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Aditi Roy
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Sharma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Mustufa Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Integral Institute of Allied Health Sciences & Research (IIAHS&R), Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atal Bihari Bajpai
- Department of Botany, D.B.S. (PG) College, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya 224001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.H.)
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Naz F, Hamayun M, Rauf M, Arif M, Afzal Khan S, Ud-Din J, Gul H, Hussain A, Iqbal A, Kim HY, Lee IJ. Molecular mechanism of Cu metal and drought stress resistance triggered by Porostereum spadiceum AGH786 in Solanum lycopersicum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1029836. [PMID: 36438115 PMCID: PMC9685319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1029836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and global warming have threatened the plants with multiple abiotic stresses, such as heavy metals and drought stress. For crop cultivation, the conventional approach of cleaning the soils by excavation is very costly and not feasible for large scale. Establishing toxin-free and drought-resistant crops is a major challenge in the environment under natural and anthropogenic pressure. In the past decades, copper contamination of agricultural land has become an emerging concern. For dry land reclamation, several new strategies, including bioremediation (phytoremediation and microbial remediation), have been used. Owing to the potential of Cu hyperaccumulators, the current project aims to enhance the drought tolerance and the phytoremediation potential of Solanum lycopersicum L. with the inoculation of copper and 12% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress-tolerant endophytic fungus Porostereum spadiceum AGH786 under the combined stress of copper heavy metal and PEG-induced drought stress. When S. lycopersicum L. was watered with individual stress of copper (Cu) concentration (400 ppm) in the form of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), 12% PEG-induced drought stress and the combined stress of both negatively affected the growth attributes, hormonal, metabolic, and antioxidant potential, compared with control. However, the multistress-resistant AGH786 endophytic fungus ameliorated the multistress tolerance response in S. lycopersicum L. by positively affecting the growth attributes, hormonal, metabolic, and antioxidant potential, and by restricting the root-to-shoot translocation of Cu and inducing its sequestration in the root tissues of affected plants. AGH786-associated plants exhibited a reduction in the severity of copper (Cu) and drought stress, with higher levels of SlCOPT (Cu transporters) and SlMT (metallothionine) gene expressions in root and shoot tissues, indicating that AGH786 contributed to resistance to copper metal toxicity and drought stress in the host S. lycopersicum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falak Naz
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Ud-Din
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Gul
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Overexpression of acdS in Petunia hybrida Improved Flower Longevity and Cadmium-Stress Tolerance by Reducing Ethylene Production in Floral and Vegetative Tissues. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203197. [PMID: 36291065 PMCID: PMC9600315 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of acdS, which encodes the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzyme, in extending flower longevity and improving tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress was assessed using transgenic Petunia hybrida cv. ‘Mirage Rose’ overexpressing acdS and wild-type (WT) plants. The overexpression of acdS reduced ethylene production in floral tissue via suppression of ethylene-related genes and improved flower longevity, approximately 2 to 4 days longer than WT flowers. Under Cd stress, acdS significantly reduced Cd-induced ethylene production in vegetable tissues of transgenic plants through suppression of ethylene-related genes. This resulted in a lower accumulation of ethylene-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the transgenic plants than in WT plants. In addition, expression of the genes involved in the activities of antioxidant and proline synthesis as well as the metal chelation process was also higher in the former than in the latter. Moreover, Cd accumulation was significantly higher in WT plants than in the transgenic plants. These results are linked to the greater tolerance of transgenic plants to Cd stress than the WT plants, which was determined based on plant growth and physiological performance. These results highlight the potential applicability of using acdS to extend flower longevity of ornamental bedding plants and also reveal the mechanism by which acdS improves Cd-stress tolerance. We suggest that acdS overexpression in plants can extend flower longevity and also help reduce the negative impact of Cd-induced ethylene on plant growth when the plants are unavoidably cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil.
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14
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Zhang J, Liu J, Zheng F, Yu M, Shabala S, Song WY. Comparative Analysis of Arsenic Transport and Tolerance Mechanisms: Evolution from Prokaryote to Higher Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172741. [PMID: 36078150 PMCID: PMC9454679 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid for all living organisms and can cause serious harm to humans. Arsenic is also toxic to plants. To alleviate As toxicity, all living organisms (from prokaryotes to higher plants) have evolved comprehensive mechanisms to reduce cytosolic As concentration through the set of As transporters localized at the plasma and tonoplast membranes, which operate either in arsenite As(III) extrusion out of cells (via ArsB, ACR3, and aquaporins) or by sequestering arsenic into vacuoles (by ABC transporters). In addition, a special arsenate resistance mechanism found in some bacterial systems has evolved in an As hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata, which involves transforming arsenate As(V) to an As(V) phosphoglycerate derivative by a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and transporting this complex by an efflux transporter. In the present review, we summarize the evolution of these arsenic resistance mechanisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and discuss future approaches that could be utilized to better understand and improve As resistance mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Fubin Zheng
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Won-Yong Song
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (W.-Y.S.)
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15
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Impact of Ferrous Sulfate on Thylakoidal Multiprotein Complexes, Metabolism and Defence of Brassica juncea L. under Arsenic Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121559. [PMID: 35736711 PMCID: PMC9228442 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forty-day-old Brassica juncea (var. Pusa Jai Kisan) plants were exposed to arsenic (As, 250 µM Na2HAsO4·7H2O) stress. The ameliorative role of ferrous sulfate (2 mM, FeSO4·7H2O, herein FeSO4) was evaluated at 7 days after treatment (7 DAT) and 14 DAT. Whereas, As induced high magnitude oxidative stress, FeSO4 limited it. In general, As decreased the growth and photosynthetic parameters less when in the presence of FeSO4. Furthermore, components of the antioxidant system operated in better coordination with FeSO4. Contents of non-protein thiols and phytochelatins were higher with the supply of FeSO4. Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an As-induced decrease in almost every multi-protein-pigment complex (MPC), and an increase in PSII subcomplex, LHCII monomers and free proteins. FeSO4 supplication helped in the retention of a better stoichiometry of light-harvesting complexes and stabilized every MPC, including supra-molecular complexes, PSI/PSII core dimer/ATP Synthase, Cytochrome b6/f dimer and LHCII dimer. FeSO4 strengthened the plant defence, perhaps by channelizing iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) to biosynthetic and anabolic pathways. Such metabolism could improve levels of antioxidant enzymes, and the contents of glutathione, and phytochelatins. Important key support might be extended to the chloroplast through better supply of Fe-S clusters. Therefore, our results suggest the importance of both iron and sulfur to combat As-induced stress in the Indian mustard plant at biochemical and molecular levels through enhanced antioxidant potential and proteomic adjustments in the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Gao Y, Li H, Song Y, Zhang F, Yang Z, Yang Y, Grohmann T. Response of glutathione pools to cadmium stress and the strategy to translocate cadmium from roots to leaves (Daucus carota L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153575. [PMID: 35114244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carrots are one of the most highly consumed vegetables in the world. Due to the large area of cadmium (Cd) contaminated farmland, to abate the impact of Cd contamination on carrot quality and safety, a novel strategy is required to drive Cd translocation from the soil to the overground leafy tissues of carrots to protect the edible roots and thus ensure food security. To this end, this article presents an experimental study with mathematical models to assess the tolerance and accumulation capacity of Cd in inedible carrot leaves, as well as the regulatory factors affecting Cd distribution in carrots. The glutathione (GSH) pools were examined in carrot leaves in response to the oxidation stress induced by Cd exposures, and it was found that under low Cd stress (1 and 3 mg/L) the changes of GSH pools were dominated by the variation of GSH, showing higher GSH content and low levels of oxidized GSH content (GSSG). In contrast, both of these two indicator variables as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio all decreased under high Cd stress (5 and 9 mg/L). Combining this information with Cd concentrations in leaves, a model was established to predict the Cd accumulation capacity of leaves. The data showed that the potential Cd accumulation in carrot leaves could be as high as 514 μg/kg dry weight. Furthermore, the factors and primary physiological indicators affecting and regulating GSH pools by multiple stepwise regression were analyzed. The results showed that increasing chlorophyll a/b ratio and γ-glutamylcyclotransferase activity while inhibiting phytochelatin synthase activity could expand the tolerance of carrot leaves to Cd. These findings suggest a possible strategy for regulating the distribution of toxic metals in plants through a molecular-based approach and provide some important information that could be conducive to achieving food safety and phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Yang Song
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Teresa Grohmann
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Mushtaq M, Al-Mahmoudi H, Bae H. Harnessing plant microbiome for mitigating arsenic toxicity in sustainable agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118940. [PMID: 35122918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity has become an impediment to agricultural productivity, which presents major human health concerns in terms of food safety. Among them, arsenic (As) a non-essential heavy metal has gained worldwide attention because of its noxious effects on agriculture and public health. The increasing rate of global warming and anthropogenic activities have promptly exacerbated As levels in the agricultural soil, thereby causing adverse effects to crop genetic and phenotypic traits and rendering them vulnerable to other stresses. Conventional breeding and transgenic approaches have been widely adapted for producing heavy metal resilient crops; however, they are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, finding new mitigation strategies for As toxicity would be a game-changer for sustainable agriculture. One such promising approach is harnessing plant microbiome in the era of 'omics' which is gaining prominence in recent years. The use of plant microbiome and their cocktails to combat As metal toxicity has gained widespread attention, because of their ability to metabolize toxic elements and offer an array of perquisites to host plants such as increased nutrient availability, stress resilience, soil fertility, and yield. A comprehensive understanding of below-ground plant-microbiome interactions and their underlying molecular mechanisms in exhibiting resilience towards As toxicity will help in identifying elite microbial communities for As mitigation. In this review, we have discussed the effect of As, their accumulation, transportation, signaling, and detoxification in plants. We have also discussed the role of the plant microbiome in mitigating As toxicity which has become an intriguing research frontier in phytoremediation. This review also provides insights on the advancements in constructing the beneficial synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) using microbiome engineering that will facilitate the development of the most advanced As remedial tool kit in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Henda Al-Mahmoudi
- Directorate of Programs, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Research Advances in Cadmium Uptake, Transport and Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cells 2022; 11:cells11030569. [PMID: 35159378 PMCID: PMC8834125 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, feeding half of the world’s population. However, rice production is affected by cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Due to an increase in Cd-contaminated soil and rice grains, and the serious harm to human health from Cd, research on Cd uptake, transport and resistance in rice has been widely conducted, and many important advances have been made. Rice plants absorb Cd mainly from soil through roots, which is mediated by Cd absorption-related transporters, including OsNramp5, OsNramp1, OsCd1, OsZIP3, OsHIR1, OsIRT1 and OsIRT2. Cd uptake is affected by soil’s environmental factors, such as the concentrations of Cd and some other ions in soil, soil properties, and other factors can affect the bioavailability of Cd in soil. Then, Cd is transported within rice plants mediated by OsZIP6, OsZIP7, OsLCD, OsHMA2, CAL1, OsCCX2, OsLCT1 and OsMTP1, from roots to shoots and from shoots to grains. To resist Cd toxicity, rice has evolved many resistance strategies, including the deposition of Cd in cell walls, vacuolar Cd sequestration, Cd chelation, antioxidation and Cd efflux. In addition, some unresolved scientific questions surrounding Cd uptake, transport and resistance in rice are proposed for further study.
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19
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Zhang J, Hamza A, Xie Z, Hussain S, Brestic M, Tahir MA, Ulhassan Z, Yu M, Allakhverdiev SI, Shabala S. Arsenic transport and interaction with plant metabolism: Clues for improving agricultural productivity and food safety. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117987. [PMID: 34425370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous metalloid that is highly toxic to all living organisms. When grown in As-contaminated soils, plants may accumulate significant amounts of As in the grains or edible shoot parts which then enter a food chain. Plant growth and development per se are also both affected by arsenic. These effects are traditionally attributed to As-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a consequent lipid peroxidation and damage to cellular membranes. However, this view is oversimplified, as As exposure have a major impact on many metabolic processes in plants, including availability of essential nutrients, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, and sulfur metabolism. This review is aimed to fill this gap in the knowledge. In addition, the molecular basis of arsenic uptake and transport in plants and prospects of creating low As-accumulating crop species, for both agricultural productivity and food safety, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ameer Hamza
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430074, China; College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zuoming Xie
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Mukkram Ali Tahir
- College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas7001, Australia.
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20
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Low-molecular-weight ligands in plants: role in metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:51-96. [PMID: 32653983 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition is one of the key factors determining plant productivity. In plants, metal homeostasis is achieved through the functioning of a complex system governing metal uptake, translocation, distribution, and sequestration, leading to the maintenance of a regulated delivery of micronutrients to metal-requiring processes as well as detoxification of excess or non-essential metals. Low-molecular-weight ligands, such as nicotianamine, histidine, phytochelatins, phytosiderophores, and organic acids, play an important role in metal transport and detoxification in plants. Nicotianamine and histidine are also involved in metal hyperaccumulation, which determines the ability of some plant species to accumulate a large amount of metals in their shoots. In this review we extensively summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the main pathways for the biosynthesis of these ligands, their involvement in metal uptake, radial and long-distance transport, as well as metal influx, isolation and sequestration in plant tissues and cell compartments. It is analyzed how diverse endogenous ligand levels in plants can determine their different tolerance to metal toxic effects. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the physiological role of these compounds in metal homeostasis, which is an essential task of modern ionomics and plant physiology. It is of key importance in studying the influence of metal deficiency or excess on various physiological processes, which is a prerequisite to the improvement of micronutrient uptake efficiency and crop productivity and to the development of a variety of applications in phytoremediation, phytomining, biofortification, and nutritional crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276.
| | - A D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276
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21
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Singh R, Misra AN, Sharma P. Safe, efficient, and economically beneficial remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil: possible strategies for increasing arsenic tolerance and accumulation in non-edible economically important native plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64113-64129. [PMID: 34036509 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, geological processes, and biogenic sources have led to the enhanced concentration of arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid in water and soil. Non-edible, economically important plants can be employed for safe As phytoremediation in addition to generating extra income. However, these plants may get affected by stressful local environmental conditions. Native plant species are adapted to local environmental conditions and hence overcome this problem. Native non-edible economic plant species which show high As tolerance and accumulation are promising candidate for safe, efficient, and economically beneficial phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites. The current review discusses the potential of native economic plant species that can be used in As phytoremediation programme. However, since their phytoremediation potential is moderate, possible strategies for increasing As olerance and accumulation, especially genetic modification, have been discussed in detail. Knowledge gained from the review can be used for the development of As tolerance and accumulation in non-edible economic native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Amarendra Narayan Misra
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India.
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India.
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22
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Pandey N, Rai KK, Rai SK, Pandey-Rai S. Heterologous expression of cyanobacterial PCS confers augmented arsenic and cadmium stress tolerance and higher artemisinin in Artemisia annua hairy roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 15:317-334. [PMID: 34122662 PMCID: PMC8180384 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-021-00682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study provides the first report of heterologous expression of phytochelatin synthase from Anabaena PCC 7120 (anaPCS) into the hairy roots of Artemisia annua. Transformed hairy roots of A. annua expressing anaPCS gene showed better tolerance to heavy metals, viz., arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) owing to 143 and 191% more As- and Cd-accumulation, respectively, as compared to normal roots with a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 9.7 and 21.1 for As and Cd, respectively. Under As and Cd stresses, transformed hairy roots possessed significantly higher amounts of phytochelatins and thiols probably due to the presence of both AaPCS (Artemisia annua PCS) and anaPCS. In addition, artemisinin synthesis was also induced in transformed hairy roots under heavy metals stresses. In-silico analysis revealed the presence of conserved motifs in both AaPCS and anaPCS sequences as well as structural modelling of PCS functional domain was conducted. Interaction of AaPCS and anaPCS proteins with CdCl2 and sodium arsenate gene ontology analysis gave insights to anaPCS functioning in transformed hairy roots of A. annua. The study provides transformed hairy roots of A. annua as an efficient tool for effective phytoremediation with added advantages of artemisinin extraction from hairy roots used for phytoremediation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11816-021-00682-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Department of Botany, CMP PG College (A Constituent PG College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Rai
- Department of Horticulture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar India
| | - Shashi Pandey-Rai
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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23
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Deng F, Zeng F, Chen G, Feng X, Riaz A, Wu X, Gao W, Wu F, Holford P, Chen ZH. Metalloid hazards: From plant molecular evolution to mitigation strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124495. [PMID: 33187800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids such as boron and silicon are key elements for plant growth and crop productivity. However, toxic metalloids such as arsenic are increasing in the environment due to inputs from natural sources and human activities. These hazardous metalloids can cause serious health risks to humans and animals if they enter the food chain. Plants have developed highly regulated mechanisms to alleviate the toxicity of metalloids during their 500 million years of evolution. A better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the transport and detoxification of toxic metalloids in plants will shed light on developing mitigation strategies. Key transporters and regulatory proteins responsive to toxic metalloids have been identified through evolutionary and molecular analyses. Moreover, knowledge of the regulatory proteins and their pathways can be used in the breeding of crops with lower accumulation of metalloids. These findings can also assist phytoremediation by the exploration of plants such as fern species that hyperaccumulate metalloids from soils and water, and can be used to engineer plants with elevated uptake and storage capacity of toxic metalloids. In summary, there are solutions to remediate contamination due to toxic metalloids by combining the research advances and industrial technologies with agricultural and environmental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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Xie Q, Yu Q, Jobe TO, Pham A, Ge C, Guo Q, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Xue S, Hauser F, Schroeder JI. An amiRNA screen uncovers redundant CBF and ERF34/35 transcription factors that differentially regulate arsenite and cadmium responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1692-1706. [PMID: 33554343 PMCID: PMC8068611 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic stress causes rapid transcriptional responses in plants. However, transcriptional regulators of arsenic-induced gene expression in plants remain less well known. To date, forward genetic screens have proven limited for dissecting arsenic response mechanisms. We hypothesized that this may be due to the extensive genetic redundancy present in plant genomes. To overcome this limitation, we pursued a forward genetic screen for arsenite tolerance using a randomized library of plants expressing >2,000 artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs). This library was designed to knock-down diverse combinations of homologous gene family members within sub-clades of transcription factor and transporter gene families. We identified six transformant lines showing an altered response to arsenite in root growth assays. Further characterization of an amiRNA line targeting closely homologous CBF and ERF transcription factors show that the CBF1,2 and 3 transcription factors negatively regulate arsenite sensitivity. Furthermore, the ERF34 and ERF35 transcription factors are required for cadmium resistance. Generation of CRISPR lines, higher-order T-DNA mutants and gene expression analyses, further support our findings. These ERF transcription factors differentially regulate arsenite sensitivity and cadmium tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xie
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qi Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, P. R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Timothy O. Jobe
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Allis Pham
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Chennan Ge
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Felix Hauser
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
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25
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Singh R, Misra AN, Sharma P. Differential responses of thiol metabolism and genes involved in arsenic detoxification in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of bioenergy crop Ricinus communis. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:391-401. [PMID: 33130947 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Castor, a non-food, dedicated bioenergy crop, has immense potential to be used for phytoremediation/revegetation of heavy metal contaminated sites. In the previous study, we identified arsenate [As(V)]-tolerant (WM) and As(V)-sensitive (GCH 2) genotypes of castor (Ricinus communis L.) with differential accumulation and tolerance of arsenic [As]. The role of thiols in As(V) toxicity and tolerance mechanism in the castor plant is not fully understood. On the one hand, thiol-dependent reduction of As(V) to As(III) by arsenate reductase (AR) makes it capable of reacting with thiol groups of protein leading to disturbed metabolic pathways; on the other hand, reduction of As(V) to arsenite [As(III)] by AR and then complexation of As(III) with phytochelatins (PCs) and compartmentalization of As(III)-PC complex are considered as the major detoxification mechanisms of As(V). In our study, the expression of RcAR increased in leaves and roots of As(V)-tolerant castor genotype WM but decreased in sensitive genotype GCH 2 due to 200 μM As(V) treatment. The activity of glutathione reductase (GR) increased significantly in the tolerant genotype, whereas it remained same in the sensitive genotype. GSH/GSSH ratio declined substantially in the sensitive genotype. The increased expression of phytochelatin synthase 1 isoform 1 (RcPCS1X1) in roots, RcPCS1X2 and metallothionein type 2 (RcMT2) in leaves, and c-type ABC transporter (RcABCC) in roots and leaves of WM was observed, but the expression of these genes declined or remained the same in GCH 2. Overall, our results suggest the essential roles of GR, RcAR, RcPCS1, RcMT2, and RcABCC in the tolerance of WM castor genotype to As(V) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India
| | - Amarendra Narayan Misra
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India
- Khallikote University, Berhampur, Odisha, 761008, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India.
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Zhu S, Shi W, Jie Y. Overexpression of BnPCS1, a Novel Phytochelatin Synthase Gene From Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea), Enhanced Cd Tolerance, Accumulation, and Translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639189. [PMID: 34211483 PMCID: PMC8239399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) play important roles in the detoxification of and tolerance to heavy metals in plants. The synthesis of PCs is catalyzed by phytochelatin synthase (PCS), which is activated by heavy metal ions. In this study, we isolated a PCS gene, BnPCS1, from the bast fiber crop ramie (Boehmeria nivea) using the RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method. The full-length BnPCS1 cDNA is 1,949 bp in length with a 1,518 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 505 amino acid protein. The deduced BnPCS1 protein has a conserved N-terminus containing the catalytic triad Cys58, His164, Asp182, and a flexible C-terminal region containing a C371C372QETC376VKC379 motif. The BnPCS1 promoter region contains several cis-acting elements involved in phytohormone or abiotic stress responses. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that the BnPCS1-GFP protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Real-time PCR assays show that the expression of BnPCS1 is significantly induced by cadmium (Cd) and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression lines of BnPCS1 exhibited better root growth and fresh weight, lower level of MDA and H2O2, and higher Cd accumulation and translocation factor compared to the WT under Cd stress. Taken together, these results could provide new gene resources for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, China
- *Correspondence: Shoujing Zhu,
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Li M, Barbaro E, Bellini E, Saba A, Sanità di Toppi L, Varotto C. Ancestral function of the phytochelatin synthase C-terminal domain in inhibition of heavy metal-mediated enzyme overactivation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6655-6669. [PMID: 32936292 PMCID: PMC7586750 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatin synthases (PCSs) play essential roles in detoxification of a broad range of heavy metals in plants and other organisms. Until now, however, no PCS gene from liverworts, the earliest branch of land plants and possibly the first one to acquire a PCS with a C-terminal domain, has been characterized. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized the first PCS gene from a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha (MpPCS). MpPCS is constitutively expressed in all organs examined, with stronger expression in thallus midrib. The gene expression is repressed by Cd2+ and Zn2+. The ability of MpPCS to increase heavy metal resistance in yeast and to complement cad1-3 (the null mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog AtPCS1) proves its function as the only PCS from M. polymorpha. Site-directed mutagenesis of the most conserved cysteines of the C-terminus of the enzyme further uncovered that two twin-cysteine motifs repress, to different extents, enzyme activation by heavy metal exposure. These results highlight an ancestral function of the PCS elusive C-terminus as a regulatory domain inhibiting enzyme overactivation by essential and non-essential heavy metals. The latter finding may be relevant for obtaining crops with decreased root to shoot mobility of cadmium, thus preventing its accumulation in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Enrico Barbaro
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Erika Bellini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Correspondence: ,
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Thakur AK, Parmar N, Singh KH, Nanjundan J. Current achievements and future prospects of genetic engineering in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.). PLANTA 2020; 252:56. [PMID: 32951089 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology in Indian mustard has expedited crop improvement programs. Further, there is a need to optimize gene editing protocols and find out the suitable target genes to harvest the benefits of gene editing technology in this important edible oilseed crop. Brassica juncea is an economically and industrially important oilseed crop being grown mainly in India and in some parts of Canada, Russia, China and Australia. Besides being consumed as edible oil, it also has numerous applications in food and paint industry. However, its overall production and productivity are being hampered by a number of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Further, its oil and seedmeal quality needs to be improved for increasing food as well as feed value. However, the lack of resistant crossable germplasm or varieties necessitated the use of genetic engineering interventions in Indian mustard crop improvement. A number of genes conferring resistance to biotic stresses including lectins for aphids' control, chitinase, glucanase and osmotin for disease control and for abiotic stresses, CODA, LEA and ion antiporter genes have been transferred to Indian mustard. Both antisense and RNAi technologies have been employed for improving oil and seedmeal quality. Efforts have been made to improve the phytoremediation potential of this crop through genetic engineering approach. The deployment of barnase/barstar gene system for developing male sterile and restorer lines has really expedited hybrid development programs in Indian mustard. Further, there is a need to optimize gene editing protocols and to find out suitable target genes for gene editing in this crop. In this review paper, authors have attempted to review various genetic transformation efforts carried out in Indian mustard for its improvement to combat biotic and abiotic stress challenges, quality improvement and hybrid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321303, India.
| | - Nehanjali Parmar
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321303, India
| | - K H Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321303, India
| | - J Nanjundan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Regional Station, Wellington, Tamilnadu, 643 231, India
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29
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Agarwal P, Mitra M, Banerjee S, Roy S. MYB4 transcription factor, a member of R2R3-subfamily of MYB domain protein, regulates cadmium tolerance via enhanced protection against oxidative damage and increases expression of PCS1 and MT1C in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110501. [PMID: 32563471 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe functional characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 transcription factor, a member of R2R3-subfamily of MYB domain protein, in the regulation of Cd-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing MYB4 showed appreciable Cd tolerance than wild-type plants, while MYB4 loss of function mutant lines (atmyb4) showed increased sensitivity to Cd-stress. MYB4 overexpression lines showed strong activation of anti-oxidant defense components and increased Cd accumulation than wild-type and atmyb4 mutant lines under Cd-stress. MYB4 overexpression resulted in the coordinated activation of the expression of phytochelatin (PC) synthesis related genes and specifically enhanced the transcript abundance of phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) and metallothionein 1C (MT1C) genes under Cd-stress. In contrast, atmyb4 mutant lines showed reduced Cd accumulation and compromised expression of PC-synthesis related genes. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays have demonstrated specific binding activity of recombinant AtMYB4 to the putative MYB4-binding motifs ACCAACCAA and GGTAGGT identified in the promoters of PCS1 and MT1C genes, respectively. Further analyses have revealed that MYB4 binds directly to PCS1 and MT1C promoters in vivo and positively regulates their transcriptional expression, suggesting that PCS1 and MT1C are the key targets of MYB4. Overall, our results have provided evidence that MYB4 regulates Cd-tolerance via the coordinated activity of improved anti-oxidant defense system and through the enhanced expression of PCS1 and MT1C under Cd-stress in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwal
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Mehali Mitra
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Banerjee
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Wang C, Zheng L, Tang Z, Sun S, Ma JF, Huang XY, Zhao FJ. OASTL-A1 functions as a cytosolic cysteine synthase and affects arsenic tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3678-3689. [PMID: 32129444 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in paddy soil can cause phytotoxicity and elevated As accumulation in rice grains. Arsenic detoxification is closely linked to sulfur assimilation, but the genes involved have not been described in rice. In this study, we characterize the function of OASTL-A1, an O-acetylserine(thiol) lyase, in cysteine biosynthesis and detoxification of As in rice. Tissue expression analysis revealed that OsOASTL-A1 is mainly expressed in roots at the vegetative growth stage and in nodes at the reproductive stage. Furthermore, the expression of OsOASTL-A1 in roots was strongly induced by As exposure. Transgenic rice plants expressing pOsOASTL-A1::GUS (β-glucuronidase) indicated that OsOASTL-A1 was strongly expressed in the outer cortex and the vascular cylinder in the root mature zone. Subcellular localization using OsOASTL-A1:eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion protein showed that OsOASTL-A1 was localized to the cytosol. In vivo and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that OsOASTL-A1 possessed the O-acetylserine(thiol) lyase activity. Knockout of OsOASTL-A1 led to significantly lower levels of cysteine, glutathione, and phytochelatins in roots and increased sensitivity to arsenate stress. Furthermore, the osoastl-a1 knockout mutants reduced As accumulation in the roots, but increased As accumulation in shoots. We conclude that OsOASTL-A1 is the cytosolic O-acetylserine(thiol) lyase that plays an important role in non-protein thiol biosynthesis in roots for As detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengkai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Xu Z, Wang M, Xu D, Xia Z. The Arabidopsis APR2 positively regulates cadmium tolerance through glutathione-dependent pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109819. [PMID: 31654864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous environmental pollutant with high toxicity to plants. The adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase 2 (APR2) is the dominant APRs in Arabidopsis and plays an important role in reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. However, whether the involvement of plant APRs in Cd stress response is largely unclear. Herein, we report that APR2 functions in Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis. The transcript levels of APR2 were markedly induced by Cd exposure. Transgenic plants overexpressing APR2 improved Cd tolerance, whereas knockout of APR2 reduced Cd tolerance. APR2-overexpressing plants with increased Cd accumulation and tolerance showed higher glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) levels than the wild type and apr2 mutant plants, but lower H2O2 and TBARS contents upon Cd exposure. Moreover, exogenous GSH application effectively rescued Cd hypersensitivity in APR2-knockout plants. Further analysis showed that buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) treatment completely eliminated the enhanced Cd tolerance phenotypes of APR2-overexpressing plants, implying that APR2-mediated enhanced Cd tolerance is GSH dependent. In addition, over-expression of the APR2 led to elevated expressions of the GSH/PC synthesis-related genes under Cd stress. Taken together, our results indicated that APR2 regulated Cd accumulation and tolerance possibly through modulating GSH-dependent antioxidant capability and Cd-chelation machinery in Arabidopsis. APR2 could be exploited for engineering heavy metal-tolerant plants in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Saxena G, Purchase D, Mulla SI, Saratale GD, Bharagava RN. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Sites: Eco-environmental Concerns, Field Studies, Sustainability Issues, and Future Prospects. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 249:71-131. [PMID: 30806802 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination due to heavy metals (HMs) is of serious ecotoxicological concern worldwide because of their increasing use at industries. Due to non-biodegradable and persistent nature, HMs cause serious soil/water pollution and severe health hazards in living beings upon exposure. HMs can be genotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic in nature even at low concentration. They may also act as endocrine disruptors and induce developmental as well as neurological disorders, and thus, their removal from our natural environment is crucial for the rehabilitation of contaminated sites. To cope with HM pollution, phytoremediation has emerged as a low-cost and eco-sustainable solution to conventional physicochemical cleanup methods that require high capital investment and labor alter soil properties and disturb soil microflora. Phytoremediation is a green technology wherein plants and associated microbes are used to remediate HM-contaminated sites to safeguard the environment and protect public health. Hence, in view of the above, the present paper aims to examine the feasibility of phytoremediation as a sustainable remediation technology for the management of metal-contaminated sites. Therefore, this paper provides an in-depth review on both the conventional and novel phytoremediation approaches; evaluates their efficacy to remove toxic metals from our natural environment; explores current scientific progresses, field experiences, and sustainability issues; and revises world over trends in phytoremediation research for its wider recognition and public acceptance as a sustainable remediation technology for the management of contaminated sites in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Saxena
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Nakamura SI, Suzui N, Yin YG, Ishii S, Fujimaki S, Kawachi N, Rai H, Matsumoto T, Sato-Izawa K, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Effects of enhancing endogenous and exogenous glutathione in roots on cadmium movement in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110304. [PMID: 31779894 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol-containing compound involved in many aspects of plant metabolism. In the present study, we investigated how enhancing endogenous and exogenous GSH affects cadmium (Cd) movement and distribution in Arabidopsis plants cultured hydroponically. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants with a strong ability to synthesize GSH in roots were generated by transforming the gene encoding the bifunctional γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase enzyme from Streptococcus thermophiles (StGCS-GS). Enhancing endogenous and exogenous GSH decreased the Cd translocation ratio in different ways. Only exogenous GSH significantly inhibited Cd translocation from roots to shoots in wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Our study demonstrated that GSH mainly functions outside root cells to inhibit Cd translocation from roots to shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan; Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Suzui
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Yong-Gen Yin
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Satomi Ishii
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Shu Fujimaki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Hiroki Rai
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kanna Sato-Izawa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Khan MI, Cheema SA, Anum S, Niazi NK, Azam M, Bashir S, Ashraf I, Qadri R. Phytoremediation of Agricultural Pollutants. CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES IN PLANT SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00099-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Allevato E, Stazi SR, Marabottini R, D'Annibale A. Mechanisms of arsenic assimilation by plants and countermeasures to attenuate its accumulation in crops other than rice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109701. [PMID: 31562999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid in the biosphere, and its origin can be either geogenic or anthropic. Four oxidation states (-3, 0, +3 and + 5) characterize organic and inorganic As- compounds. Although arsenic is reportedly a toxicant, its harmful effects are closely related to its chemical form: inorganic compounds are most toxic, followed by organic ones and finally by arsine gas. Although drinking water is the primary source of arsenic exposure to humans, the metalloid enters the food chain through its uptake by crops, the extent of which is tightly dependent on its phytoavailability. Arsenate is taken up by roots via phosphate carriers, while arsenite is taken up by a subclass of aquaporins (NIP), some of which involved in silicon (Si) transport. NIP and Si transporters are also involved in the uptake of methylated forms of As. Once taken up, its distribution is regulated by the same type of transporters albeit with mobility efficiencies depending on As forms and its accumulation generally occurs in the following decreasing order: roots > stems > leaves > fruits (seeds). Besides providing a survey on the uptake and transport mechanisms in higher plants, this review reports on measures able to reducing plant uptake and the ensuing transfer into edible parts. On the one hand, these measures include a variety of plant-based approaches including breeding, genetic engineering of transport systems, graft/rootstock combinations, and mycorrhization. On the other hand, they include agronomic practices with a particular focus on the use of inorganic and organic amendments, treatment of irrigation water, and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Allevato
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Stazi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy.
| | - Rosita Marabottini
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Annibale
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy
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Babar U, Nawaz MA, Arshad U, Azhar MT, Atif RM, Golokhvast KS, Tsatsakis AM, Shcerbakova K, Chung G, Rana IA. Transgenic crops for the agricultural improvement in Pakistan: a perspective of environmental stresses and the current status of genetically modified crops. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 11:1-29. [PMID: 31679447 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for crop improvement in terms of yield, quality, and quantity in many countries of the world. However, concerns also exist about the possible risks involved in transgenic crop cultivation. In this review, literature is analyzed to gauge the real intensity of the issues caused by environmental stresses in Pakistan. In addition, the research work on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) development and their performance is analyzed to serve as a guide for the scientists to help them select useful genes for crop transformation in Pakistan. The funding of GMOs research in Pakistan shows that it does not follow the global trend. We also present socio-economic impact of GM crops and political dimensions in the seed sector and the policies of the government. We envisage that this review provides guidelines for public and private sectors as well as the policy makers in Pakistan and in other countries that face similar environmental threats posed by the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Babar
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Usama Arshad
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kseniia Shcerbakova
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wu X, Han Y, Zhu X, Shah A, Wang W, Sheng Y, Fan T, Cao S. Negative regulation of cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis by MMDH2. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:507-516. [PMID: 31617145 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MMDH2 gene negatively regulates Cd tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling, thus, affecting the expression of PDR8. The molecular mechanism by which plants respond to stress caused by cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals to plants, is not well understood. Here, we show that MMDH2, a gene encoding mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, is involved in Cd stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. The expression of MMDH2 was repressed by Cd stress. The mmdh2 knockdown mutants showed enhanced Cd tolerance, while the MMDH2-overexpressing lines were sensitive to Cd. Under normal and Cd stress conditions, lower H2O2 levels were detected in mmdh2 mutant plants than in wild-type plants. In contrast, higher H2O2 levels were found in MMDH2-overexpressing lines, and they were negatively correlated with malondialdehyde levels. In addition, the expression of the PDR8, a gene encoding a Cd efflux pump, increased and decreased in the mmdh2 mutant and MMDH2-overexpressing lines, in association with lower and higher Cd concentrations, respectively. These results suggest that the MMDH2 gene negatively regulates Cd tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling, thus, affecting the expression of PDR8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Alia Shah
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yibao Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Thakur S, Choudhary S, Dubey P, Bhardwaj P. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the reprogramming of gene networks under arsenic stress in Indian mustard. Genome 2019; 62:833-847. [PMID: 31518504 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid that is classified as a class I carcinogen known to cause adverse health effects in humans. In the present study, we investigated arsenic accumulation potential and comparative gene expression in Indian mustard. The amount of arsenic accumulated in shoots varied in the range of 15.99-1138.70 mg/kg on a dry weight basis among five cultivars. Comparative expression analysis revealed 10 870 significantly differentially expressed genes mostly belonging to response to stress, metabolic processes, signal transduction, transporter activity, and transcription regulator activity to be up-regulated, while most of the genes involved in photosynthesis, developmental processes, and cell growth were found to be down-regulated in arsenic-treated tissues. Further, pathway analysis using the KEGG Automated Annotation server (KAAS) revealed a large-scale reprogramming of genes involved in genetic and environmental information processing pathways. Top pathways with maximum KEGG orthology hits included carbon metabolism (2.5%), biosynthesis of amino acids (2.1%), plant hormone signal transduction (1.4%), and glutathione metabolism (0.6%). A transcriptomic investigation to understand the arsenic accumulation and detoxification in Indian mustard will not only help to improve its phytoremediation efficiency but also add to the control measures required to check bioaccumulation of arsenic in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Thakur
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Preeti Dubey
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Purification and characterization of a cystatin like thiol protease inhibitor from Brassica nigra. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:1128-1139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Cevher-Keskin B, Yıldızhan Y, Yüksel B, Dalyan E, Memon AR. Characterization of differentially expressed genes to Cu stress in Brassica nigra by Arabidopsis genome arrays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:299-311. [PMID: 30397750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an efficient and promising cleanup technology to extract or inactivate heavy metals and several organic and inorganic pollutants from soil and water. In this study, different Brassica nigra L. ecotypes, including Diyarbakır, collected from mining areas were exposed to different concentrations of copper and harvested after 72 h of Cu stress for the assessment of phytoremediation capacity. The Diyarbakır ecotype was called as "metallophyte" because of surviving at 500 μM Cu. To better understand Cu stress mechanism, ArabidopsisATH1 genome array was used to compare the gene expression in root and shoot tissues of B. nigra under 25 μM Cu. The response to Cu was much stronger in roots (88 genes showing increased or decreased mRNA levels) than in leaf tissues (24 responding genes). These genes were classified into the metal transport and accumulation-related genes, signal transduction and metabolism-related genes, and transport facilitation genes. Glutathione pathway-related genes (γ-ECS, PC, etc.) mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in root and shoot tissues. QRT-PCR validation experiments showed that γ-ECS and PC expression was upregulated in the shoot and leaf tissues of the 100 μM Cu-subjected B. nigra-tolerant ecotype. This is the first study showing global expression profiles in response to Cu stress in B. nigra by Arabidopsis genome array. This work presented herein provides a well-illustrated insight into the global gene expression to Cu stress response in plants, and identified genes from microarray data will serve as molecular tools for the phytoremediation applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Cevher-Keskin
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Marmara Research Center; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, 21, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Yıldızhan
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Marmara Research Center; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, 21, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yüksel
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Marmara Research Center; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, 21, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Eda Dalyan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdul Razaque Memon
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, Uşak, Turkey
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Kumar S, Trivedi PK. Genomics of Arsenic Stress Response in Plants. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91956-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Han Y, Fan T, Zhu X, Wu X, Ouyang J, Jiang L, Cao S. WRKY12 represses GSH1 expression to negatively regulate cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:149-159. [PMID: 30617455 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor WRKY12 negatively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis via the glutathione-dependent phytochelatin synthesis pathway by directly targeting GSH1 and indirectly repressing phytochelatin synthesis-related gene expression. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant toxic to plants. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway plays key roles in Cd detoxification. However, its regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we showed a previously unknown function of the WRKY transcription factor WRKY12 in the regulation of Cd tolerance by repressing the expression of PC synthesis-related genes. The expression of WRKY12 was inhibited by Cd stress. Enhanced Cd tolerance was observed in the WRKY12 loss-of-function mutants, whereas increased Cd sensitivity was found in the WRKY12-overexpressing plants. Overexpression and loss-of-function of WRKY12 were associated respectively with increased and decreased Cd accumulation by repressing or releasing the expression of the genes involved in the PC synthesis pathway. Transient expression assay showed that WRKY12 repressed the expression of GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2. Further analysis indicated that WRKY12 could directly bind to the W-box of the promoter in GSH1 but not in GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2 in vivo. Together, our results suggest that WRKY12 directly targets GSH1 and indirectly represses PC synthesis-related gene expression to negatively regulate Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Kumari P, Rastogi A, Shukla A, Srivastava S, Yadav S. Prospects of genetic engineering utilizing potential genes for regulating arsenic accumulation in plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:397-406. [PMID: 30077936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid pace of industrial, agricultural and anthropogenic activities in the 20th century has resulted in contamination of heavy metals across the globe. Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring toxic metalloid, contaminating the soil and water and affecting human health in several countries. Several physicochemical methods exist for the cleanup of As contamination but these are expensive and disastrous to microbes and soil. Plant based remediation approaches are low cost and environmentally safe. Hence, extensive biochemical, molecular and genetic experiments have been conducted to understand plants' responses to As stress and have led to the identification of potential genes. The available knowledge needs to be utilized to either reduce As accumulation in crop plants (rice) or to enhance As levels in shoots of hyperaccumulators (Pteris vittata). Gene manipulation using biotechnological tools can be an effective approach to exploit the potential genes (plasmamembrane and vacuolar transporters, glutathione and phytochelatin biosynthetic enzymes, etc.) playing pivotal roles in uptake, translocation, transformation, complexation, and compartmentalization of As in plants. The transgenic plants with increased tolerance to As and altered (increased/decreased) As accumulation have been developed. The need, however, exists to design plants with altered expression of two or more genes for harmonizing various events (like arsenate reduction, arsenite complexation, sequestration and translocation) so as to achieve desirable reduction (crop plants) or increase (phytoremediator plants) in As content. This review sheds light on transgenic approaches adopted to modulate As levels in plants and proposes future directions to achieve desirable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333515, India.
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anurakti Shukla
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India.
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Ai TN, Naing AH, Yun BW, Lim SH, Kim CK. Overexpression of RsMYB1 Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation and Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Petunia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1388. [PMID: 30294338 PMCID: PMC6159756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The RsMYB1 transcription factor (TF) controls the regulation of anthocyanin in radishes (Raphanus sativus), and its overexpression in tobacco and petunias strongly enhances anthocyanin production. However, there are no data on the involvement of RsMYB1 in the mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance, despite strong sequence similarity with other MYBs that confer such tolerance. In this study, we used the anthocyanin-enriched transgenic petunia lines PM6 and PM2, which overexpress RsMYB1. The tolerance of these lines to heavy metal stress was investigated by examining several physiological and biochemical factors, and the transcript levels of genes related to metal detoxification and antioxidant activity were quantified. Under normal conditions (control conditions), transgenic petunia plants (T2-PM6 and T2-PM2) expressing RsMYB1, as well as wild-type (WT) plants, were able to thrive by producing well-developed broad leaves and regular roots. In contrast, a reduction in plant growth was observed when these plants were exposed to heavy metals (CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, or K2Cr2O7). However, T2-PM6 and T2-PM2 were found to be more stress tolerant than the WT plants, as indicated by superior results in all analyzed parameters. In addition, RsMYB1 overexpression enhanced the expression of genes related to metal detoxification [glutathione S-transferase (GST) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS)] and antioxidant activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX)]. These results suggest that enhanced expression levels of the above genes can improve metal detoxification activities and antioxidant activity, which are the main components of defense mechanism included in abiotic stress tolerance of petunia. Our findings demonstrate that RsMYB1 has potential as a dual-function gene that can have an impact on the improvement of anthocyanin production and heavy metal stress tolerance in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Ngoc Ai
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Trà Vinh, Vietnam
| | - Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun Hyung Lim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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45
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Burges A, Alkorta I, Epelde L, Garbisu C. From phytoremediation of soil contaminants to phytomanagement of ecosystem services in metal contaminated sites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:384-397. [PMID: 28862473 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1365340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of phytoremediation, much research has focused on its development for (i) the removal of metals from soil and/or (ii) the reduction of metal bioavailability, mobility, and ecotoxicity in soil. Here, we review the lights and shades of the two main strategies (i.e., phytoextraction and phytostabilization) currently used for the phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils, irrespective of the level of such contamination. Both strategies face limitations to become successful at commercial scale and, then, often generate skepticism regarding their usefulness. Recent innovative approaches and paradigms are gradually establishing these phytoremediation strategies as suitable options for the management of metal contaminated soils. The combination of these phytotechnologies with a sustainable and profitable site use (a strategy called phytomanagement) grants value to the many benefits that can be obtained during the phytoremediation of metal contaminated sites, such as, for instance, the restoration of important ecosystem services, e.g. nutrient cycling, carbon storage, water flow regulation, erosion control, water purification, fertility maintenance, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Burges
- a Department of Conservation of Natural Resources , NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Soil Microbial Ecology Group , Derio , Spain
| | - Itziar Alkorta
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , BIOFISIKA Institute (CSIC-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country , Bilbao , Spain
| | - Lur Epelde
- a Department of Conservation of Natural Resources , NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Soil Microbial Ecology Group , Derio , Spain
| | - Carlos Garbisu
- a Department of Conservation of Natural Resources , NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Soil Microbial Ecology Group , Derio , Spain
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Fan W, Guo Q, Liu C, Liu X, Zhang M, Long D, Xiang Z, Zhao A. Two mulberry phytochelatin synthase genes confer zinc/cadmium tolerance and accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. Gene 2018; 645:95-104. [PMID: 29277319 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phytochelatins, cysteine-rich peptides which play a key role in heavy metal (HM) detoxification of plants. Mulberry (Morus L.), one of the most ecologically and economically important tree genera, has the potential to remediate HM-contaminated soils. However, genes involved in HM detoxification in Morus, such as the PCS genes, have not been identified and characterized. In this study, we identified two Morus notabilis PCS genes based on a genome-wide analysis of the Morus genome database. Full-length MnPCS1 and MnPCS2 cDNAs were 1509 and 1491bp long, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that, under 200μM Zn2+ or either 30 or 100μM Cd2+ stress, the relative expression of each of the two MaPCSs (from Morus alba) was induced in root, stem and leaf tissues within 24h of exposure to the metals, with Cd2+ inducing expression more strongly than did Zn2+. Based on the analysis of total root length and fresh weight of seedlings, overexpression of MnPCS1 and MnPCS2 in Arabidopsis and tobacco enhanced Zn2+/Cd2+ tolerance in most transgenic individuals. The results of transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing MnPCS1and MnPCS2 suggest that MnPCS1 play a more important role in Cd detoxification than MnPCS2. Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations in both shoots and roots of the transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings were higher than in wild type (WT) seedlings at two Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations. In addition, there was a positive correlation between Zn accumulation and the expression level of MnPCS1 or MnPCS2. Our results indicated that the Morus PCS1 and PCS2 genes play important roles in HM stress tolerance and accumulation, providing a useful genetic resource for enhancing tolerance to HMs and for increasing the HM phytoremediation potential of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - ChangYing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Ahanger MA, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ahmad P. Plant responses to environmental stresses-from gene to biotechnology. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx025. [PMID: 28775828 PMCID: PMC5534019 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population, urbanization and industrialization are increasing the rate of conversion of arable land into wasteland. Supplying food to an ever-increasing population is one of the biggest challenges that agriculturalists and plant scientists are currently confronting. Environmental stresses make this situation even graver. Despite the induction of several tolerance mechanisms, sensitive plants often fail to survive under environmental extremes. New technological approaches are imperative. Conventional breeding methods have a limited potential to improve plant genomes against environmental stress. Recently, genetic engineering has contributed enormously to the development of genetically modified varieties of different crops such as cotton, maize, rice, canola and soybean. The identification of stress-responsive genes and their subsequent introgression or overexpression within sensitive crop species are now being widely carried out by plant scientists. Engineering of important tolerance pathways, like antioxidant enzymes, osmolyte accumulation, membrane-localized transporters for efficient compartmentation of deleterious ions and accumulation of essential elements and resistance against pests or pathogens is also an area that has been intensively researched. In this review, the role of biotechnology and its successes, prospects and challenges in developing stress-tolerant crop cultivars are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
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48
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Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Anee TI, Fujita M. Glutathione in plants: biosynthesis and physiological role in environmental stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:249-268. [PMID: 28461715 PMCID: PMC5391355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH; γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is a small intracellular thiol molecule which is considered as a strong non-enzymatic antioxidant. Glutathione regulates multiple metabolic functions; for example, it protects membranes by maintaining the reduced state of both α-tocopherol and zeaxanthin, it prevents the oxidative denaturation of proteins under stress conditions by protecting their thiol groups, and it serves as a substrate for both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. By acting as a precursor of phytochelatins, GSH helps in the chelating of toxic metals/metalloids which are then transported and sequestered in the vacuole. The glyoxalase pathway (consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes) for detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic molecule, also requires GSH in the first reaction step. For these reasons, much attention has recently been directed to elucidation of the role of this molecule in conferring tolerance to abiotic stress. Recently, this molecule has drawn much attention because of its interaction with other signaling molecules and phytohormones. In this review, we have discussed the recent progress in GSH biosynthesis, metabolism and its role in abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
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Zanella L, Fattorini L, Brunetti P, Roccotiello E, Cornara L, D'Angeli S, Della Rovere F, Cardarelli M, Barbieri M, Sanità di Toppi L, Degola F, Lindberg S, Altamura MM, Falasca G. Overexpression of AtPCS1 in tobacco increases arsenic and arsenic plus cadmium accumulation and detoxification. PLANTA 2016; 243:605-22. [PMID: 26563149 PMCID: PMC4757632 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The heterologous expression of AtPCS1 in tobacco plants exposed to arsenic plus cadmium enhances phytochelatin levels, root As/Cd accumulation and pollutants detoxification, but does not prevent root cyto-histological damages. High phytochelatin (PC) levels may be involved in accumulation and detoxification of both cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in numerous plants. Although polluted environments are frequently characterized by As and Cd coexistence, how increased PC levels affect the adaptation of the entire plant and the response of its cells/tissues to a combined contamination by As and Cd needs investigation. Consequently, we analyzed tobacco seedlings overexpressing Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase1 gene (AtPCS1) exposed to As and/or Cd, to evaluate the levels of PCs and As/Cd, the cyto-histological modifications of the roots and the Cd/As leaf extrusion ability. When exposed to As and/or Cd the plants overexpressing AtPCS1 showed higher PC levels, As plus Cd root accumulation, and detoxification ability than the non-overexpressing plants, but a blocked Cd-extrusion from the leaf trichomes. In all genotypes, As, and Cd in particular, damaged lateral root apices, enhancing cell-vacuolization, causing thinning and stretching of endodermis initial cells. Alterations also occurred in the primary structure region of the lateral roots, i.e., cell wall lignification in the external cortex, cell hypertrophy in the inner cortex, crushing of endodermis and stele, and nuclear hypertrophy. Altogether, As and/or Cd caused damage to the lateral roots (and not to the primary one), with such damage not counteracted by AtPCS1 overexpression. The latter, however, positively affected accumulation and detoxification to both pollutants, highlighting that Cd/As accumulation and detoxification due to PCS1 activity do not reduce the cyto-histological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Zanella
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Roccotiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Polo Botanico Hanbury, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Polo Botanico Hanbury, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone D'Angeli
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maura Cardarelli
- Istituto di Biologia Medicina Molecolare e Nanobiotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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50
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Verma PK, Verma S, Pande V, Mallick S, Deo Tripathi R, Dhankher OP, Chakrabarty D. Overexpression of Rice Glutaredoxin OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 Reduces Intracellular Arsenic Accumulation and Increases Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:740. [PMID: 27313586 PMCID: PMC4887470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are a family of small multifunctional proteins involved in various cellular functions, including redox regulation and protection under oxidative stress. Despite the high number of Grx genes in plant genomes (48 Grxs in rice), the biological functions and physiological roles of most of them remain unknown. Here, the functional characterization of the two arsenic-responsive rice Grx family proteins, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 are reported. Over-expression of OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana conferred arsenic (As) tolerance as reflected by germination, root growth assay, and whole plant growth. Also, the transgenic expression of OsGrxs displayed significantly reduced As accumulation in A. thaliana seeds and shoot tissues compared to WT plants during both AsIII and AsV stress. Thus, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 seem to be an important determinant of As-stress response in plants. OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 transgenic showed to maintain intracellular GSH pool and involved in lowering AsIII accumulation either by extrusion or reducing uptake by altering the transcript of A. thaliana AtNIPs. Overall, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 may represent a Grx family protein involved in As stress response and may allow a better understanding of the As induced stress pathways and the design of strategies for the improvement of stress tolerance as well as decreased As content in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K. Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Shikha Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Om P. Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of MassachusettsAmherst, Massachusetts
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Debasis Chakrabarty,
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