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Chen Y, He S, Zeng A, He S, Jin X, Li C, Mei W, Lu Q. Inhibitory Effect of β-Sitosterol on the Ang II-Induced Proliferation of A7r5 Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:2677020. [PMID: 38028434 PMCID: PMC10645495 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2677020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of β-sitosterol on VSMC proliferation. Materials and Methods A7r5 cells were pretreated with 2 µM angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 hr to establish an excessive VSMC proliferation model, followed by treatment with β-sitosterol for 24 hr. Cells were divided into five groups: control, Ang II, and Ang II + β-sitosterol (2, 4, 8 µM). CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B assay analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and autophagic flux. Additionally, the expression of proteins was detected by the western blotting. Results β-Sitosterol effectively inhibited Ang II-induced A7r5 cell proliferation (IC50 : 6.841 µM at 24 hr). It achieved this by arresting cell cycle progression, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy, and suppressing the contractile-synthetic phenotypic switch. Mechanistically, β-sitosterol downregulated PCNA, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2, while upregulating pro-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3, and Bax to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, it suppressed the contractile-synthetic phenotypic transformation by downregulating OPN and upregulating α-SMA. The Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B Assay and western blotting revealed β-sitosterol's autophagy inhibitory effects by downregulating LC3, ULK1, and Beclin-1 while upregulating P62 expression. Discussion and Conclusion. This study found for the first time that β-sitosterol could inhibit the proliferation of A7r5 cells induced by Ang II. β-Sitosterol treatment may be recommended as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shumiao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
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Jafari N, Bahreini N, Dehghani A, Lak Y, Mirmohammadali SN, Samavat S, Shami A, Karimizand M, Goudarzi MA, Asbaghi O. The effects of purslane consumption on lipid profile and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6728-6748. [PMID: 37970383 PMCID: PMC10630813 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier investigations into the impact of purslane, Portulaca oleracea, on lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP) produced contradictory findings. The effect of purslane consumption on lipid profiles and CRP was assessed in this comprehensive review and meta-analysis. We conducted a thorough literature search in online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane library, and ISI Web of Science to find relevant randomized controlled trials up to June 2023. By incorporating 14 effect sizes from 13 RCTs, we were able to show that purslane consumption significantly decreases serum triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -16.72, 95% CI: -22.49, -10.96 mg/dL, p < .001), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -9.97, 95% CI: -19.86, -0.07 mg/dL, p = .048), and CRP (WMD: -1.22, 95% CI: -1.63, -0.80 mg/L, p < .001) levels in patients compared to the control group. In addition, purslane consumption significantly increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (WMD: 4.09, 95% CI: 1.77, 6.41 mg/dL, p = .001) levels. However, purslane consumption did not affect low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels. According to a suggested optimal dosage, purslane consumption is considered to be safe up to 30 g/day. Purslane consumption can significantly improve cardiovascular health by improving lipid profile and inflammation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jafari
- University of Applied Science and Technology – Allameh Tabarsi CenterTehranIran
| | - Nazgol Bahreini
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | | | - Simin Samavat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirhossein Shami
- Student of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of ScienceArdabil Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityArdabilIran
| | | | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical sciencesTehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Aminu S, Chechet GD, Alkhalil SS, Sobeh M, Daoud R, Simelane MB, Onyike E, Ibrahim MA. Therapeutic efficacy of β-sitosterol treatment on Trypanosoma congolense infection, anemia development, and trans-sialidase ( TconTS1) gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1282257. [PMID: 37886075 PMCID: PMC10598747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background African animal trypanosomiasis hinders sustainable livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. About 17 million infected cattle are treated with trypanocides annually but most of the drugs are associated with drawbacks, necessitating the search for a promising chemotherapeutic agent. Objectives In this study, the effects of β-sitosterol on Trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated along with its effect on the trans-sialidase gene expressions. Results Oral treatment with β-sitosterol at 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 14 days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced parasitemia and ameliorated the parasite-induced anemia. Also, the parasite-induced increase in serum urea level and renal histopathological damage scores in addition to renal hypertrophy was significantly (p < 0.05) reverted following treatment with 30 mg/kg BW β-sitosterol. The compound also significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated the expression of TconTS1 but not TconTS2, TconTS3, and TconTS4. Correlation analysis between free serum sialic acid with the TconTS1 and TconTS2 gene variants revealed negative correlations in the β-sitosterol-treated groups although they were non-significant (p > 0.05) in the group treated with 15 mg/kg BW β-sitosterol. Similarly, a non-significant negative (p > 0.05) correlation between the biomolecule and the TconTS3 and TconTS4 gene variants was observed in the β-sitosterol-treated groups while positive correlations were observed in the infected untreated control group. Conclusion The observed effect of β-sitosterol on T. congolense infection could make the compound a possible template for the design of novel trypanocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Processing Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gloria Dada Chechet
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Processing Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | | | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Lovell ST, Krishnaswamy K, Lin CH, Meier N, Revord RS, Thomas AL. Nuts and berries from agroforestry systems in temperate regions can form the foundation for a healthier human diet and improved outcomes from diet-related diseases. AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37363637 PMCID: PMC10249563 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-023-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry is a specific type of agroecosystem that includes trees and shrubs with the potential to yield nutrient-rich products that contribute to human health. This paper reviews the literature on the human health benefits of tree nut and berry species commonly associated with agroforestry systems of the United States, considering their potential for preventing certain diet-related diseases. Emphasis is placed on those diseases that are most closely associated with poor outcomes from COVID-19, as they are indicators of confounding health prognoses. Results indicate that tree nuts reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, and walnuts (Juglans species) are particularly effective because of their unique fatty acid profile. Berries that are grown on shrubs have the potential to contribute to mitigation of hypertension, prevention of Type II diabetes, and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. To optimize human health benefits, plant breeding programs can focus on the traits that enhance the naturally-occurring phytochemicals, through biofortification. Value-added processing techniques should be selected and employed to preserve the phytonutrients, so they are maintained through the point of consumption. Agroforestry systems can offer valuable human health outcomes for common diet-related diseases, in addition to providing many environmental benefits, particularly if they are purposefully designed with that goal in mind. The food system policies in the U.S. might be reoriented to prioritize these food production systems based on the health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Taylor Lovell
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Kiruba Krishnaswamy
- Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Nicholas Meier
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Ronald S. Revord
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, Southwest Research, Extension, and Education Center, University of Missouri, Mt. Vernon, MO USA
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Setayesh L, Haghighat N, Rasaei N, Rezaei M, Casazza K, Nadery M, Yamrali I, Zamani M, Asbaghi O. The impact of Emblica Officinalis (Amla) on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102729. [PMID: 36934568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emblica Officinalis (Amla) is a plant often utilized in traditional medicine due to its purported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties. However, current evidence regarding its potential for preventing and treating metabolic abnormalities associated with chronic diseases remains unclear. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of Amla supplementation on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in adults. We completed a systematic search (current as of December 2022) of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the database including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Any effect's mean difference (MD) was calculated using a random-effects model. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated also calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Five RTCs were included in the meta-analysis. Following Amla supplementation, pooled results showed a significant reduction in CRP (p = 0.002), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), and serum triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.001) concentrations as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.001). The baseline concentration of biochemical indicators was used for subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION Amla supplementation shows promise for improving metabolic parameters in adults. In general, the populations included in the analysis were generally 40-58 years with an average BMI of 25.5 and a length of intervention ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Thus additional investigations are warranted to confirm and expand the findings presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahbobe Rezaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Krista Casazza
- The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida, United States.
| | - Maryam Nadery
- Ph.D. Student at the Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University, United States.
| | - Ileyar Yamrali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tsibranska-Gyoreva S, Petkov V, Katev V, Krastev D, Vinarov Z, Tcholakova S. Cholesterol solubilization: interplay between phytosterols, saponins and lipid digestion products. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Boyd AP, Acevedo NC, Talbert JN. Evaluation of Pure Bile Salts in Place of Bile Extract in the Standardized INFOGEST Digestion Protocol for Quantification of Sterol Bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11554-11559. [PMID: 36070527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving standardized in vitro digestion protocols for phytosterols (PSs) is critical for understanding their bioaccessibility (BA) in food products and supplements. In this study, in vitro BA of phytosterol esters (PSEs) and free cholesterol (Ch) was compared under modified digestion conditions. The addition of Ch esterase (CE) to the INFOGEST model containing bovine bile resulted in a 70% increase in PS BA and an 18.5% reduction in Ch micellarization. Relative to the standardized INFOGEST model, substitution of pure bile salts (PBSs) did not significantly change PS BA or Ch micellarization. In the presence of CE, the substitution resulted in a 49.9% reduction in PS BA and a 13% increase in Ch micellarization. The differing results may be due to inhibitory effects of PBSs on the activity of intestinal enzymes, including CE. These results suggest that the INFOGEST model should include Ch esterase and the continued use of bile extract to evaluate PS BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail P Boyd
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Ln, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nuria C Acevedo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Ln, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Joey N Talbert
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Ln, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Hadi A, Asbaghi O, Kazemi M, Haghighian HK, Pantovic A, Ghaedi E, Abolhasani Zadeh F. Consumption of pistachio nuts positively affects lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34933637 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2018569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglyceride [TG]). Databases of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2019 to identify RCTs documenting the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on blood lipid profiles in adults. Effect sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method). Twelve eligible RCTs were included. Consumption of pistachio nuts decreased TC (WMD: -7.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -12.62 to -2.34), LDL-C (WMD: -3.82 mg/dL; 95% CI, -5.49 to -2.16) and TG (WMD: -11.19 mg/dL; 95% CI, -14.21 to -8.17) levels. However, HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 2.45 mg/dL; 95% CI, -2.44 to 7.33) did not change following pistachio consumption. Consuming pistachio nuts may improve lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, TG) in adults and may be protective against cardiometabolic diseases. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Human Metabolic Research Unit, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of on-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Selim S, Hussein E, Abdel-Megeid NS, Melebary SJ, AL-Harbi MS, Saleh AA. Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Status, Meat Quality, Liver Fat Content, and Liver Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens Fed Rice Bran Oil. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123410. [PMID: 34944186 PMCID: PMC8698100 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are numerous approaches for enrichment of broiler’s meat with valuable nutrients, for instance the enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The addition of vegetable oils in the diets of broilers is an appropriate strategy to enrich the chicken meat with beneficial FA, however, this enrichment is accompanied by a lipid peroxidation with a resultant decrease in the nutritional value, quality, and shelf-life of the meat, and for that reason, the dietary supplementation with antioxidants becomes necessary. What places rice bran oil (RBO) on top of other vegetable oils is its antioxidant components and unique fatty acid profile and it is reported to induce substantial lipid-reducing effects and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the influence of RBO inclusion in the diets of broiler chickens on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, meat quality, antioxidant activity, liver lipid content, and liver histological structure. RBO inclusion had a positive effect on the growing performance, dressing percentage, and immune status. Furthermore, RBO supplementation decreased the abdominal fat yield and EE content in the meat, while it increased the content of PUFA in the meat, which may be beneficial for consumers. RBO improved the antioxidant capacity of the meat and the liver, whereas it reduced the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, meat and liver. RBO could be used as an efficient ingredient in broiler chickens’ diets to improve performance, immune status, antioxidant activity, blood lipid profile, and the nutritive value of meat. Abstract This trial was performed to determine the effect of rice bran oil (RBO) inclusion in diets of broiler chickens on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, meat quality, antioxidant activity, liver lipid content, and liver histological structure. The 35-day feeding trial was conducted on 240 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens, allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates each. RBO was examined at different inclusion levels, 0% (control), 1% (RBO1%), 1.5% (RBO1.5%), and 2% (RBO2%) in a completely randomized design. The results showed that at the end of the trial (35 days) the RBO supplementation had positive effects (p < 0.001) on the productivity parameters, but the feed intake was linearly decreased due to RBO inclusion. In addition, RBO supplementation linearly improved (p < 0.05) the dressing percentage, breast yield, immune organs relative weights, and meat glutathione concentration, while it decreased (p < 0.01) the abdominal fat yield and meat crude fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in broiler’s meat. Moreover, serum total protein, globulin, and high-density lipoprotein contents improved noticeably (p < 0.01) due to offering an RBO-supplemented diet, but serum total lipids, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations linearly reduced (p < 0.01). The RBO supplementation augmented (p < 0.05) the phagocytic index, phagocytic activity, and antibody titer compared to control. On the other hand, RBO inclusion had no effect on the breast, thigh, or abdominal fat color parameters. Moreover, RBO supplementation reduced (p < 0.01) the content of total saturated FA (SFA), but increased (p < 0.01) the content of total monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA in both breast and thigh meat. Chemical analysis of the liver tissue samples revealed that the inclusion of RBO linearly reduced (p < 0.05) hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride, and MDA contents. Histologically, the lipid percentage and number of lipid droplets (p < 0.01) were markedly lessened in the RBO-supplemented groups. The histological structure of the liver asses by light and electron microscope were normal in all groups without any pathological lesions. It is concluded that RBO could be used as a valuable ingredient in broiler chickens’ diets to stimulate the growing performance and immune status, enhance the antioxidant activity and blood lipid profile, augment liver function, and improve the nutritive value of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Eman Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
| | - Nazema S. Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Sahar J. Melebary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad S. AL-Harbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
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Fuentes-Figueroa MÁ, Joseph-Nathan P, Burgueño-Tapia E. Absolute configuration assignment of stigmasterol oxiranes. Chirality 2021; 34:396-420. [PMID: 34788903 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diastereoisomeric stigmasterol oxiranes 4, 5, 8, and 9 are known phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) that have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity, although the results are of limited significance since, in most cases, they were evaluated as mixtures. Consequently, to establish biological activity hierarchy of these oxides, it is critical to evaluate individual pure POPs. Therefore, we now describe the obtention of individual molecules and their absolute configuration (AC) determination. The two acetylated C-5-C-6 oxiranes 6 and 7; the two acetylated C-22-C-23 oxides 10 and 11, obtained by means of Δ5 double bond protection-deprotection; and the four C-5-C-6, C-22-C-23 diepoxystigmasteryl acetates 19-22 were now individually gained and their AC determined by vibrational circular dichroism. Vibrational modes associated with the C-5-C-6 and the C-22-C-23 bonds were identified in dioxiranes 19-22 and used to assign the AC of monoepoxides 6, 7, 10, and 11. The AC of biological active non-acetylated molecules follows immediately. Due to the scarce spectroscopic information available for these POPs, the 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of 3-22 were assigned using 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á Fuentes-Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Joseph-Nathan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleuterio Burgueño-Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082007. [PMID: 34440777 PMCID: PMC8392689 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and cholesterol metabolism overlap significantly in the pathways that contribute to their biosynthesis. However, our understanding of their independent and co-regulation is limited. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis, the pathology associated with elevated cholesterol, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to understand vitamin D metabolism as a contributory factor. From the literature, we compile evidence of how these systems interact, relating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved to the results from observational studies. We also present the first systems biology pathway map of the joint cholesterol and vitamin D metabolisms made available using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) Markup Language (SBGNML). It is shown that the relationship between vitamin D supplementation, total cholesterol, and LDL-C status, and between latitude, vitamin D, and cholesterol status are consistent with our knowledge of molecular mechanisms. We also highlight the results that cannot be explained with our current knowledge of molecular mechanisms: (i) vitamin D supplementation mitigates the side-effects of statin therapy; (ii) statin therapy does not impact upon vitamin D status; and critically (iii) vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular outcomes, despite improving cardiovascular risk factors. For (iii), we present a hypothesis, based on observations in the literature, that describes how vitamin D regulates the balance between cellular and plasma cholesterol. Answering these questions will create significant opportunities for advancement in our understanding of cardiovascular health.
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Rahman MA, Dash R, Sohag AAM, Alam M, Rhim H, Ha H, Moon IS, Uddin MJ, Hannan MA. Prospects of Marine Sterols against Pathobiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacological Insights and Technological Advances. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030167. [PMID: 33804766 PMCID: PMC8003995 DOI: 10.3390/md19030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognition, mostly affecting the elderly. Numerous functional bioactives have been reported in marine organisms, and anti-Alzheimer's agents derived from marine resources have gained attention as a promising approach to treat AD pathogenesis. Marine sterols have been investigated for several health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-aging, and anti-Alzheimer's activities, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Marine sterols interact with various proteins and enzymes participating via diverse cellular systems such as apoptosis, the antioxidant defense system, immune response, and cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we briefly overview the potential of marine sterols against the pathology of AD and provide an insight into their pharmacological mechanisms. We also highlight technological advances that may lead to the potential application of marine sterols in the prevention and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (R.D.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea;
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (R.D.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.J.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.J.U.); (M.A.H.)
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Pourrajab B, Sohouli MH, Amirinejad A, Fatahi S, Găman MA, Shidfar F. The impact of rice bran oil consumption on the serum lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6005-6015. [PMID: 33715544 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia is recognized among the risk factors for lifestyle related diseases. A healthy diet, rich in vegetable oils such as rice bran oil (RBO), may aid to improve serum lipid levels. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of rice bran oil (RBO) consumption on serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels in adults. The following online databases were searched for manuscripts published until October 7th 2020: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. The effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 8 eligible trials with 14 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed that the consumption of RBO significantly decreased serum TC (WMD: -7.29 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.32, -3.25, P = 0.000), LDL-c (WMD: -7.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.10, -4.14, P = 0.000) and TG (WMD: -9.19 mg/dL, 95% CI: -17.99, -0.38, P = 0.041) levels. So, available evidence suggests that RBO consumption can significantly decrease serum TC, LDL-c and TG levels. Hence, it may play a role in reducing dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Pourrajab
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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dos Santos LC, Johner JC, Scopel E, Pontes PV, Ribeiro AP, Zabot GL, Batista EA, Meireles MAA, Martínez J. Integrated supercritical CO2 extraction and fractionation of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) by-products. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Salehi B, Quispe C, Sharifi-Rad J, Cruz-Martins N, Nigam M, Mishra AP, Konovalov DA, Orobinskaya V, Abu-Reidah IM, Zam W, Sharopov F, Venneri T, Capasso R, Kukula-Koch W, Wawruszak A, Koch W. Phytosterols: From Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599959. [PMID: 33519459 PMCID: PMC7841260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs) are plant-originated steroids. Over 250 PSs have been isolated, and each plant species contains a characteristic phytosterol composition. A wide number of studies have reported remarkable pharmacological effects of PSs, acting as chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic agents. However, PS bioavailability is a key issue, as it can be influenced by several factors (type, source, processing, preparation, delivery method, food matrix, dose, time of administration into the body, and genetic factors), and the existence of a close relationship between their chemical structures (e.g., saturation degree and side-chain length) and low absorption rates has been stated. In this sense, the present review intends to provide in-depth data on PS therapeutic potential for human health, also emphasizing their preclinical effects and bioavailability-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
| | - Dmitryi Alexeevich Konovalov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute, Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Valeriya Orobinskaya
- Institute of Service, Tourism and Design (Branch) of North-Caucasus Federal University in Pyatigorsk, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Ibrahim M. Abu-Reidah
- Department of Environmental Science/Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syria
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products”, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Tommaso Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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16
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Molina-Gutiérrez M, Rodríguez-Sánchez L, Doñoro C, Martínez MJ, Prieto A. Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Stanol Esters from Oil Wastes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:286-293. [PMID: 33375783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant lipase ofOphiostoma piceae (OPEr) is characterized by its prominent sterol esterase activity. The protein was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles, giving four enzyme variants that have been tested in solvent-free transesterification of methyl oleate and sitostanol. The yields of stanol esters reached 85%, and the catalysts can be reused. Stanol esters were also obtained in a two-step cascade reaction; a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters was enzymatically synthesized from cooking oil wastes and then used for stanol transesterification. An 85% conversion was achieved in 2 h from the second cycle onward, maintaining the activity over 5 cycles. The biocatalysts can be safely used since they don't release toxic compounds for HeLa and A549 cell lines. These procedures comply with the principles of green chemistry and contribute to the sustainable production of these nutraceuticals from secondary raw materials, like the lipid fraction from industrial or agricultural residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Molina-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Doñoro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Lan M, Song Y, Ou S, Zheng J, Huang C, Wang Y, Zhou H, Hu W, Liu F. Water-in-Oil Pickering Emulsions Stabilized Solely by Water-Dispersible Phytosterol Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14991-14998. [PMID: 33256410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering emulsions were successfully synthesized by water-dispersible phytosterol (PS) particles formed through simple antisolvent precipitation. The effects of the organic/aqueous ratio on the particle morphology, crystallinity, and contact angle were investigated. Sheet-like PS particles with reduced crystallinity were further used as W/O Pickering emulsion stabilizers. The properties of the formed W/O emulsions could be transformed by changing the oil type, water-phase fraction, or particle contents. Results showed that emulsions with 80% water fraction could be stabilized by 3% particles in the aqueous phase, where dodecane was used as the oil phase. W/O Pickering emulsions stabilized by PS particles showed temperature responsiveness. When dried, PS particles could be well dispersed either in the water or oil phase to stabilize W/O Pickering emulsions. Therefore, this kind of PS particles could not only enrich the family of food-grade Pickering stabilizers, especially the W/O type, but also provide a smart Pickering stabilizer to fabricate environmental-responsive emulsion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yuan Song
- Out-patient Department of University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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18
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Askarpour M, Alami F, Campbell MS, Venkatakrishnan K, Hadi A, Ghaedi E. Effect of fenugreek supplementation on blood lipids and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112538. [PMID: 32087319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fenugreek is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for centuries to treat hyperglycemia, muscle spasms, gastritis, constipation, edema, and other metabolic disorders. Recently, lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek have been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and clarify the impact of fenugreek supplementation on anthropometric indices and serum lipid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to June 2019 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of fenugreek on anthropometric indices and plasma lipids in adults were included. A random-effects model was used for quantitative data synthesis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (14 arms) with 560 participants suggested a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = -9.371 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.419, -3.323, p = 0.002), triglycerides (WMD = -13.776 mg/dL; 95% CI: -26.636, -0.916, p = 0.036), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -6.590 mg/Dl; 95% CI: -13.042, -0.137, p = 0.045), as well as an increase in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = 3.501 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.309, 5.692, p = 0.002), while body weight (WMD = 0.223 kg; 95% CI: -0.509, 0.955, p = 0.551) and body mass index (WMD = 0.091 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.244, 0.426, p = 0.596) were not altered. CONCLUSION Fenugreek supplementation improved lipid parameters in adults. However, to confirm these results, more studies, particularly among hyperlipidemic patients, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Askarpour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marilyn S Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Blanco-Vaca F, Cedó L, Julve J. Phytosterols in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6735-6749. [PMID: 29874991 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180607093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that the manipulation of dietary components, including plant compounds termed as phytochemicals, demonstrates certain important health benefits in humans, including those in cancer. In fact, beyond their well-known cardiovascular applications, phytosterols may also possess anticancer properties, as has been demonstrated by several studies. Although the mechanism of action by which phytosterols (and derivatives) may prevent cancer development is still under investigation, data from multiple experimental studies support the hypothesis that they may modulate proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Phytosterols are generally considered safe for human consumption and may also be added to a broad spectrum of food matrices; further, they could be used in primary and secondary prevention. However, few interventional studies have evaluated the relationship between the efficacy of different types and forms of phytosterols in cancer prevention. In this context, the purpose of this review was to revisit and update the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer action of phytosterols and their potential in cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau [IRHSCSP] i Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica Sant Pau [IIB-Sant Pau], Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau [IRHSCSP] i Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica Sant Pau [IIB-Sant Pau], Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau [IRHSCSP] i Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica Sant Pau [IIB-Sant Pau], Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Duong S, Strobel N, Buddhadasa S, Auldist MJ, Wales WJ, Moate PJ, Cox G, Orbell JD, Cran MJ. Modification of the sterol profile in milk through feeding. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5933-5944. [PMID: 31030910 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fortification of milk with phytosterols is an increasingly common practice to enhance the sterol profile and offer consumers potential health benefits. This study investigated whether cattle feed can influence the profile of phytosterols and cholesterol in the milk produced as an alternative to direct fortification of milk. Five experiments were performed using feeds commonly used by Australian dairy farmers and selected formulated rumen-protected feeds. Statistical significances were observed for some individual plant sterols and cholesterol in milk under these differing feeding regimens compared with the respective controls. In the case of the phytosterols, where the daily recommended consumption is typically 2 g per day, the total phytosterols were <0.12 mg/100 mL of milk. An experiment using a rumen-protected feed with high phytosterol levels suggested a decreased transfer of cholesterol to the milk by as much as 20%, although further work is required to confirm these preliminary results. Overall, the study suggests that different feeding practices have minimal effect on the resulting sterol profile of the milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duong
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8001
| | - N Strobel
- National Measurement Institute, Australian Government, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3207
| | - S Buddhadasa
- National Measurement Institute, Australian Government, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3207
| | - M J Auldist
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, Victoria, Australia, 3821
| | - W J Wales
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, Victoria, Australia, 3821
| | - P J Moate
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, Victoria, Australia, 3821
| | - G Cox
- Naturale Pty. Ltd., 249 East Maurice Road, Ringarooma, Tasmania, Australia, 7263
| | - J D Orbell
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8001
| | - M J Cran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8001.
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21
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Vu DC, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Coggeshall MV, Lin CH. Identification and quantification of phytosterols in black walnut kernels. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Francini-Pesenti F, Spinella P, Calò LA. Potential role of phytochemicals in metabolic syndrome prevention and therapy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1987-2002. [PMID: 31632110 PMCID: PMC6778731 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s214550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of cardiovascular risk factors which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes, renal disease and cardiovascular disease. Over the last decades, the role of dietary bioactive substances in features of MetS has been extensively investigated. Due to their multiple properties, these plant-derived natural compounds have demonstrated to provide positive effects in obesity, diabetes, renal and in cardiovascular disease. Catechins of green tea and caffeine reduce body mass index and waist circumference. Catechins, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins of cocoa reduce blood pressure and blood glucose. Curcumin and silymarin exert hepatoprotective effects. Monacolins of red yeast rice are effective cholesterol-lowering agents. However, inconsistent or conflicting results have been found in clinical trials when other promising compounds in vitro or in animal studies, such as policosanol, curcumin or silymarin, were used. Low oral bioavailability of substances, ineffective dosages, inadequate treatment duration and insufficient statistical approach may explain the lack of effectiveness observed in some human studies. Further clinical studies are needed to better understand the role of bioactive compounds in the prevention and management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Spinella
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nutrition Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: Lorenzo A CalòDepartment of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova35128, ItalyTel +39 049 821 3071Fax +39 049 821 7921Email
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23
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Abd-Razak NH, Chew YJ, Bird MR. Membrane fouling during the fractionation of phytosterols isolated from orange juice. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Broughton R, Ruíz-Lopez N, Hassall KL, Martínez-Force E, Garcés R, Salas JJ, Beaudoin F. New insights in the composition of wax and sterol esters in common and mutant sunflower oils revealed by ESI-MS/MS. Food Chem 2018; 269:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Hakalin NL, Molina-Gutiérrez M, Prieto A, Martínez MJ. Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of β-sitostanol esters by response surface methodology. Food Chem 2018; 261:139-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Influence of adding a commercial phytosterol ester mixture on the ‘equilibrium’ crystallization behavior of palm oil. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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He Y, Chen H, Lei Z, Cao J, Tan Y. Optimization of Emulsifying Effectiveness of Phytosterol in Milk Using Two-Level Fractional Factorial Design. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/aucft-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper emulsifying effects of seven emulsifiers including Tween 80, Span 80, tripolyglycerol monostearate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sucrose ester, soy lecithin and monoglyceride on phytosterol in milk were investigated using single factor test and fractional factorial design. The addition for seven emulsifiers were in the following concentrations: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%. The results revealed that tripolyglycerol monostearate, sucrose ester and monoglyceride had a significant emulsifying effect on phytosterol in milk, Tripolyglycerol monostearate showed a positive emulsifying effect on phytosterol in milk, while sucrose ester and monoglyceride exhibited a negative emulsifying effect on phytosterol in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi’an , 710021 , China
| | - He Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi’an , 710021 , China
| | - Zhangteng Lei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi’an , 710021 , China
| | - Jili Cao
- Xi’an Oriental Dairy Co., Ltd. , Xi’an , 710027 , China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Xi’an Oriental Dairy Co., Ltd. , Xi’an , 710027 , China
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Daels E, Foubert I, Goderis B. The effect of adding a commercial phytosterol ester mixture on the phase behavior of palm oil. Food Res Int 2017; 100:841-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Scolaro B, Soo Jin Kim H, de Castro IA. Bioactive compounds as an alternative for drug co-therapy: Overcoming challenges in cardiovascular disease prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:958-971. [PMID: 27830947 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1235546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Different pharmacological interventions have been applied with success to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis. However, many patients are not good responders or must interrupt treatment due to adverse effects. Bioactive compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), plant sterol esters (PSE) and phenolic compounds (PHC) are natural molecules with great potential to reduce the atherosclerosis burden by reducing inflammation, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and oxidative stress, respectively. Although their physiological effects on biomarkers are much lower than those expected by drugs used for the same purpose, bioactive compounds can easily be incorporated into the daily diet and present no adverse effects. However, little is known about the combination of n-3 FA, PSE, PHC, and drugs in atherosclerosis progression. This review article summarizes potential effects of co-therapies involving n-3 FA, PSE, and PHC combined with major hypolipidemic drugs on atherosclerosis biomarkers and clinical outcomes. Evidence of additive and/or complementary effects regarding drugs action reveals possible roles for bioactive compounds in disease management. Pharmaceutical companies, physicians, and food scientists should be prepared to better understand this type of interaction and its consequences in terms of efficacy and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Scolaro
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition , University of São Paulo , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Hellen Soo Jin Kim
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition , University of São Paulo , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Inar Alves de Castro
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition , University of São Paulo , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
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31
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Shahzad N, Khan W, MD S, Ali A, Saluja SS, Sharma S, Al-Allaf FA, Abduljaleel Z, Ibrahim IAA, Abdel-Wahab AF, Afify MA, Al-Ghamdi SS. Phytosterols as a natural anticancer agent: Current status and future perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:786-794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Green synthesis of β-sitostanol esters catalyzed by the versatile lipase/sterol esterase from Ophiostoma piceae. Food Chem 2017; 221:1458-1465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Yi J, Knudsen TA, Nielsen AL, Duelund L, Christensen M, Hervella P, Needham D, Mouritsen OG. Inhibition of cholesterol transport in an intestine cell model by pine-derived phytosterols. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 200:62-73. [PMID: 27372052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have quantified the inhibition of intestinal cholesterol transport by pine-derived phytosterols using an HT29-MTX intestine cell model that forms a mucus layer similar to that in the intestine. An artificial intestinal fluid consisting of digested fat, bile salt, cholesterol, and phytosterols was formulated in order to mimic the conditions in the intestine. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the positive control, i.e., 0.1mM of cholesterol solubilized in the artificial intestine fluid, was found to be 0.33 (±0.17)×10-6cm/s. When 0.1mM β-sitosterol was solubilized alongside, Papp was effectively zero, corresponding to a total inhibition of cholesterol transport. A similar strong inhibition was found when commercial pine-derived phytosterols, PinVita™ FSP DuPont, were co-solubilized with cholesterol in the dietary model micelles, leading to Papp=0.06 (±0.06)×10-6cm/s, i.e., 5.5 times lower than the cholesterol positive control. Additionally, the effect of potential oral administration formulations generated by the pine-derived phytosterols was also characterized. The formulations were produced as a liquid formulation of the cholesterol-containing artificial intestine fluid. Six liquid formulations were tested of which four displayed a Papp in the range of 0-0.09×10-6cm/s. The remaining two formulations did not show any inhibition effect on cholesterol transport and even enhanced cholesterol transport. It was furthermore observed that the phytosterols were found in the collected intestine cells but not transported to the basolateral region in the intestinal cell model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Yi
- MEMPHYS/SPSE, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tine A Knudsen
- DuPont Nutritional Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Duelund
- MEMPHYS/SPSE, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- MEMPHYS/SPSE, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Pablo Hervella
- MEMPHYS/SPSE, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - David Needham
- MEMPHYS/SPSE, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ole G Mouritsen
- MEMPHYS/SPSE, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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34
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Mapping the structure-activity relationship of β-sitosteryl fatty acid esters in condensing phospholipid monolayers. Front Chem Sci Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Duong S, Strobel N, Buddhadasa S, Stockham K, Auldist M, Wales B, Orbell J, Cran M. Rapid measurement of phytosterols in fortified food using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Food Chem 2016; 211:570-6. [PMID: 27283669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the measurement of total phytosterols in fortified food was developed and tested using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Unlike existing methods, this technique is capable of simultaneously extracting sterols during saponification thus significantly reducing extraction time and cost. The rapid method is suitable for sterol determination in a range of complex fortified foods including milk, cheese, fat spreads, oils and meat. The main enhancements of this new method include accuracy and precision, robustness, cost effectiveness and labour/time efficiencies. To achieve these advantages, quantification and the critical aspects of saponification were investigated and optimised. The final method demonstrated spiked recoveries in multiple matrices at 85-110% with a relative standard deviation of 1.9% and measurement uncertainty value of 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Duong
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia; Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Norbert Strobel
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Saman Buddhadasa
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Katherine Stockham
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Martin Auldist
- Department of Environment and Primary Industry (DEPI), 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - Bill Wales
- Department of Environment and Primary Industry (DEPI), 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - John Orbell
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Marlene Cran
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
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36
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Dziedzic K, Szwengiel A, Górecka D, Rudzińska M, Korczak J, Walkowiak J. The effect of processing on the phytosterol content in buckwheat groats and by-products. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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MacKay DS, Eck PK, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ, Jones PJ. CYP7A1-rs3808607 and APOE isoform associate with LDL cholesterol lowering after plant sterol consumption in a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:951-7. [PMID: 26333513 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of plant sterols (PSs) for cholesterol lowering are hampered by large heterogeneity across individuals, potentially because of genetic polymorphisms. OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of candidate genetic variations on cholesterol response to PSs in a trial that recruited individuals with high or low endogenous cholesterol synthesis, estimated by lathosterol to cholesterol (L:C) ratio. DESIGN Mildly hypercholesterolemic adults preselected as possessing either high endogenous cholesterol synthesis (n = 24; mean ± SEM: L:C ratio = 2.03 ± 0.39 μmol/mmol) or low endogenous cholesterol synthesis (n = 39; mean ± SEM: L:C ratio = 0.99 ± 0.28 μmol/mmol) consumed 2 g PS/d or a placebo for 28 d by using a dual-center, single-blind, randomized crossover design. Cholesterol synthesis and change in cholesterol absorption were measured with stable isotopic tracers. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms and apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoform were assessed by TaqMan genotyping assay. RESULTS The cholesterol fractional synthesis rate was higher (P < 0.001) in participants with high endogenous cholesterol synthesis (mean ± SEM: placebo: 9.16% ± 0.47%; PSs: 9.74% ± 0.47%) than in participants with low endogenous cholesterol synthesis (mean ± SEM placebo: 5.72% ± 0.43%; PS: 7.10% ± 0.43%). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering in response to PSs was associated with individuals' genotypes. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1-rs3808607) T/T homozygotes showed no LDL cholesterol lowering (mean ± SEM: -0.05 ± 0.07 mmol/L, P = 0.9999, n = 20), whereas the presence of the G-allele associated with LDL cholesterol response in a dose-dependent fashion (mean ± SEM G/T: -0.22 ± 0.06 mmol/L, P = 0.0006, n = 35; G/G: -0.46 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P = 0.0009, n = 8). Similarly, APOE ɛ3 carriers (mean ± SEM: -0.13 ± 0.05 mmol/L, P = 0.0370, n = 40) responded less than APOE ɛ4 carriers (mean ± SEM: -0.31 ± 0.07 mmol/L, P < 0.0001, n = 23). Moreover, genoset CYP7A1-rs3808607 T/T/APOE ɛ3 was associated with nonresponsiveness (mean ± SEM: +0.09 ± 0.08 mmol/L, P = 0.9999, n = 14). rs5882 in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and rs4148217 in ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 8 (ABCG8) did not associate with LDL cholesterol lowering. Cholesterol absorption decreased as a result of PS consumption, but this decrease was not related to circulating LDL cholesterol concentrations, cholesterol synthesis phenotype, or genotypes. CONCLUSION CYP7A1-rs3808607 and APOE isoform are associated with the extent of reduction in circulating LDL cholesterol in response to PS consumption and could serve as potential predictive genetic markers to identify individuals who would derive maximum LDL cholesterol lowering with PS consumption. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01131832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S MacKay
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Human Nutritional Sciences
| | | | - Sarah K Gebauer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, and
| | - David J Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, and
| | - Peter Jh Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Claumarchirant L, Matencio E, Sanchez-Siles LM, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Sterol Composition in Infant Formulas and Estimated Intake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7245-7251. [PMID: 26242905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sterol contents in infant formulas (IFs) from the European market were determined, and their intakes by infants between 0 and 6 months were evaluated. Total animal sterols (mg/100 mL) ranged from 1.71 to 5.46, cholesterol being the main animal sterol (1.46-5.1). In general, cholesterol and desmosterol were lower than the human milk (HM) values indicated by other authors. Total plant sterol (mg/100 mL) ranged from 3.1 to 5.0. β-Sitosterol, the most abundant phytosterol, ranged from 1.82 to 3.01, followed by campesterol (0.72-1.15), stigmasterol (0.27-0.53), and brassicasterol (0.14-0.28). Cholesterol intake (mg/day) ranged from 9 to 51 and plant sterol intake (mg/day) from 19 to 50. The sterol profile of IFs is highly dependent on the type and quantity of fats used in their formula. The use of bovine milk fat and milk fat globule membrane in the IFs can approximate the profile of animal sterols to those found in HM, though cholesterol intakes in breastfed infants are still higher than in formula-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Claumarchirant
- †Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Matencio
- ‡R+D Department, Hero Group, Avenida Murcia 1, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Amparo Alegría
- †Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- †Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Real M, Molina-Molina JM, Jimenez J, Diéguez HR, Fernández MF, Olea N. Assessment of hormone-like activities in Ginkgo biloba, Elettaria cardamomum and Plantago ovata extracts using in vitro receptor-specific bioassays. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1531-41. [PMID: 26161806 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1071922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of diseases and for the development of new drugs. This study was designed to determine the presence of hormone-like activities dependent on the activation of human estrogen receptor alpha (hERa) and/or androgen receptor (hAR) in methanol extracts prepared from three medicinal plants historically and currently used for therapeutic purposes: Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL), Elettaria cardamomum seeds (ECS) and Plantago ovata seeds (POS). After a solid-liquid extraction (SLE) step, their effects on hERa function were assessed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the E-Screen bioassay, and their ability to induce hAR-mediated reporter gene expression was evaluated using the androgen-sensitive stable prostatic PALM cell line. Unlike POS extracts, GBL and ECS extracts showed estrogenic (0.07 and 0.20 nM E2Eq mg(-1), respectively) and anti-estrogenic (0.01 and 0.02 μM ICI182780Eq mg(-1), respectively) activities. ECS extracts evidenced androgenic activity (0.30 nM R1881Eq mg(-1)) and POS extracts anti-androgenic activity (22.30 μM ProcEq mg(-1)). According to these findings, these plant extracts may interfere with the endocrine system via one or more hormonal receptors, and further investigation is warranted into their role as endocrine disrupters in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Real
- a Research Support Unit , San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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40
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Mackay DS, Gebauer SK, Eck PK, Baer DJ, Jones PJH. Lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio in serum predicts cholesterol-lowering response to plant sterol consumption in a dual-center, randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:432-9. [PMID: 25733626 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.095356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefits of plant sterols (PS) for cholesterol lowering are compromised by large variability in efficacy across individuals. High fractional cholesterol synthesis measured by deuterium incorporation has been associated with nonresponse to PS consumption; however, prospective studies that show this association have yet to be conducted. OBJECTIVE The goal was to test whether the lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio (L:C ratio), a surrogate marker of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, serves as an a priori predictor of cholesterol lowering in response to PS consumption. DESIGN Sixty-three mildly hypercholesterolemic adults who were preselected as possessing either high endogenous cholesterol synthesis [HS; n = 24; L:C = 2.03 ± 0.39 μmol/mmol (mean ± SD)] or low endogenous cholesterol synthesis (LS; n = 39; L:C = 0.99 ± 0.28 μmol/mmol) on the basis of baseline L:C consumed 2 g PS/d or a placebo for 28 d with the use of a dual-center, single-blind, randomized crossover design. Plasma lipid and noncholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at the end of each phase. RESULTS PS consumption lowered total cholesterol (TC; -0.25 ± 0.05 mmol/L; P < 0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (-0.17 ± 0.04 mmol/L; P < 0.0001) overall. Specifically, LS individuals responded to PS treatment with a reduction in TC (-0.40 ± 0.07 mmol/L; P < 0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (-0.29 ± 0.05 mmol/L; P = 0.0002), whereas HS individuals failed to show cholesterol lowering (TC: -0.09 ± 0.09 mmol/L; P = 0.2843; LDL cholesterol: -0.05 ± 0.07 mmol/L; P = 0.4917). The odds of LS participants responding to PS consumption with cholesterol lowering better than the mean cholesterol lowering in all participants were 4.25 (95% CI: 1.242, 14.556; P = 0.0211) for TC and 3.36 (95% CI: 1.112, 10.161; P = 0.0317) for LDL cholesterol, which was higher than for HS participants. CONCLUSIONS The L:C ratio predicts the extent of reduction in circulating TC and LDL cholesterol in response to PS consumption. Cholesterol synthesis assessment may thus have a use in identifying responders and nonresponders to PS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S Mackay
- From the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ) and the Departments of Food Science (PJHJ) and Human Nutritional Sciences (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD (SKG and DJB)
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- From the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ) and the Departments of Food Science (PJHJ) and Human Nutritional Sciences (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD (SKG and DJB)
| | - Peter K Eck
- From the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ) and the Departments of Food Science (PJHJ) and Human Nutritional Sciences (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD (SKG and DJB)
| | - David J Baer
- From the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ) and the Departments of Food Science (PJHJ) and Human Nutritional Sciences (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD (SKG and DJB)
| | - Peter J H Jones
- From the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ) and the Departments of Food Science (PJHJ) and Human Nutritional Sciences (DSM, PKE, and PJHJ), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD (SKG and DJB)
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The Nutritional Facts of Bamboo Shoots and Their Usage as Important Traditional Foods of Northeast India. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:679073. [PMID: 27433496 PMCID: PMC4897250 DOI: 10.1155/2014/679073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bamboo shoots are considered as one of the useful health foods because of their rich contents of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, fibres, and minerals and very low fat. Though bamboo shoots provide lots of health benefits, their consumption is confined mostly to Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The acceptability of bamboo shoots as popular vegetable crop is very less due to their high pungent smell and bitter acidic taste. The use of bamboo as food in India is mainly restricted to Northeastern part of the country where they form an indispensable part of several traditional speciality dishes. The different ethnic communities take fresh or fermented bamboo shoot as one of most preferred traditional food items. Some of the important bamboo based traditional foods are ushoi, soibum, rep, mesu, eup, ekhung, hirring, and so forth. Bamboo shoots should be properly processed before they are consumed as freshly harvested shoots have high content of toxic cyanogenic glycosides which may pose serious health problems. The prospect of bamboo shoot industry in Northeast India is bright due to its rich genetic resources of bamboos. However, habitat destruction and extensive use of bamboos for food, handicraft, and construction purposes have resulted in severe depletion of natural bamboo resources. This review stresses upon the high nutritive values and health benefits of bamboo shoots and their usage as important traditional foods in Northeast India. The bamboo market potential of the region and use of in vitro plant micropropagation methods as effective means of bamboo conservation are also emphasized in this paper.
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease) is the leading cause of death globally. Abnormal blood lipids (dyslipidemia), smoking, and high blood pressure are responsible for more than 75% of cases. Aggressive low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol lowering therapy, particularly statins, appear to be the most effective of the therapeutic approaches, but even with their use, cardiovascular disease event rates remain relatively high, underpinning the quest for novel treatments. In this review we discuss recent advances in the field and what remains to be done to reduce this rate further. In particular, in addition to development and investigation of new LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies, there has been a major focus on treatments to favorably influence high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. However, to this time, approaches to the latter have been somewhat disappointing, but they may have particular benefits in people with diabetes. As atherosclerosis is a largely preventable process, which is driven particularly by behavioral and lifestyle factors, attention to other modifiable risk factors is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004Australia
| | - Allison Byrnes
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004Australia
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Lee BH, Carr TP, Weller CL, Cuppett S, Dweikat IM, Schlegel V. Grain sorghum whole kernel oil lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in male hamsters with minimal wax involvement. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Mechanistic analysis of metabolomics patterns in rat plasma during administration of direct thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitors or compounds increasing thyroid hormone clearance. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:240-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shi S, Shen Y, Chang L, Zhou C, Bo Z, Wang Z, Tong H, Zou J. Safety evaluation of phytosterols in laying hens: Effects on laying performance, clinical blood parameters, and organ development. Poult Sci 2014; 93:545-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kaur R, Kaur J, Mahajan J, Kumar R, Arora S. Oxidative stress--implications, source and its prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1599-1613. [PMID: 24170504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been a major predicament of present day living. It has been the product of imbalance between the processes involved in free radical generation and their neutralization by enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms. The oxidative stress has been contributed by numerous factors including heavy metals, organic compound-rich industrial effluents, air pollutants and changing lifestyle pattern focussing mainly on alcohol consumption, dietary habits, sun exposure, nuclear emissions, etc. The most common outcome of oxidative stress is the increased damage of lipid, DNA and proteins that resulted in the development of different pathologies. Among these pathologies, cancer is the most devastating and linked to multiple mutations arising due to oxidative DNA and protein damage that ultimately affect the integrity of the genome. The chemopreventive agents particularly nutraceuticals are found to be effective in reducing cancer incidences as these components have immense antioxidative, antimutagenic and antiproliferative potentials and are an important part of our dietary components. These secondary metabolites, due to their unique chemical structure, facilitate cell-to-cell communication, repair DNA damage by the downregulation of transcription factors and inhibit the activity of protein kinases and cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function oxidases. These phytochemicals, therefore, are most appropriate in combating oxidative stress-related disorders due to their tendency to exert better protective effect without having any distinct side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Kaur
- Department of Botany, Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa College, Sri Anandpur Sahib, Ropar, 140118, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasmit Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Mahajan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Lam L, Soong R, Sutrisno A, de Visser R, Simpson MJ, Wheeler HL, Campbell M, Maas WE, Fey M, Gorissen A, Hutchins H, Andrew B, Struppe J, Krishnamurthy S, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Hume A, Simpson AJ. Comprehensive multiphase NMR spectroscopy of intact ¹³C-labeled seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:107-115. [PMID: 24354469 DOI: 10.1021/jf4045638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are complex entities composed of liquids, gels, and solids. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying molecular structure but has evolved into two fields, solution and solid state. Comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR spectroscopy is capable of liquid-, gel-, and solid-state experiments for studying intact samples where all organic components are studied and differentiated in situ. Herein, intact (13)C-labeled seeds were studied by a variety of 1D/2D (1)H/(13)C experiments. In the mobile phase, an assortment of metabolites in a single (13)C-labeled wheat seed were identified; the gel phase was dominated by triacylglycerides; the semisolid phase was composed largely of carbohydrate biopolymers, and the solid phase was greatly influenced by starchy endosperm signals. Subsequently, the seeds were compared and relative similarities and differences between seed types discussed. This study represents the first application of CMP-NMR to food chemistry and demonstrates its general utility and feasibility for studying intact heterogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leayen Lam
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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Panpipat W, Dong M, Xu X, Guo Z. Thermal properties and nanodispersion behavior of synthesized β-sitosteryl acyl esters: A structure–activity relationship study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 407:177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alhazzaa R, Oen JJ, Sinclair AJ. Dietary phytosterols modify the sterols and fatty acid profile in a tissue-specific pattern. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Panpipat W, Xu X, Guo Z. Improved acylation of phytosterols catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase A with superior catalytic activity. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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