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Kopalli SR, Behl T, Baldaniya L, Ballal S, Joshi KK, Arya R, Chaturvedi B, Chauhan AS, Verma R, Patel M, Jain SK, Wal A, Gulati M, Koppula S. Neuroadaptation in neurodegenerative diseases: compensatory mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2025; 139:111375. [PMID: 40280271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal loss is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), which cause cognitive and motor impairment. Delaying the onset and course of symptoms is largely dependent on neuroadaptation, the brain's ability to restructure in response to damage. The molecular, cellular, and systemic processes that underlie neuroadaptation are examined in this study. These mechanisms include gliosis, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and changes in neurotrophic factors. Axonal sprouting, dendritic remodelling, and compensatory alterations in neurotransmitter systems are important adaptations observed in NDDs; nevertheless, these processes may shift to maladaptive plasticity, which would aid in the advancement of the illness. Amyloid and tau pathology-induced synaptic alterations in Alzheimer's disease emphasize compensatory network reconfiguration. Dopamine depletion causes a major remodelling of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease, and non-dopaminergic systems compensate. Both ALS and Huntington's disease rely on motor circuit rearrangement and transcriptional dysregulation to slow down functional deterioration. Neuroadaptation is, however, constrained by oxidative stress, compromised autophagy, and neuroinflammation, particularly in elderly populations. The goal of emerging therapy strategies is to improve neuroadaptation by pharmacologically modifying neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity. Neurostimulation, cognitive training, and physical rehabilitation are instances of non-pharmacological therapies that support neuroplasticity. Restoring compensating systems may be possible with the use of stem cell techniques and new gene treatments. The goal of future research is to combine biomarkers and individualized medicines to maximize neuroadaptive responses and decrease the course of illness. In order to reduce neurodegeneration and enhance patient outcomes, this review highlights the dual function of neuroadaptation in NDDs and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Lalji Baldaniya
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Suhas Ballal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamal Kant Joshi
- Department of Allied Science, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India; Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Renu Arya
- Department of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Bhumi Chaturvedi
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Ashish Singh Chauhan
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of research and innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakesh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Minesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dhanap, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanmati Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, India, 495009
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, NH-19, Bhauti Road, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 1444411, India; ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 20227, Australia
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu G, Zhang H, Xie R, Younis MR, Fu S, Wang X, Liu B, Li K, Lui S, Wu M. Monitoring Acidification Preceding Aβ Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2404907. [PMID: 40103521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202404907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the primary early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and since an acidic environment promotes Aβ aggregation, acidification plays a crucial role in AD progression. In this study, a novel acid-responsive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe alongside multiple molecular biology techniques to investigate the temporal relationship between acidification and Aβ deposition, as well as the underlying mechanisms of acidification is employed. By monitoring 2- to 11-month-old APP/PS1 mice and wild-type (WT) mice, it is detected significant fluorescence signal in APP/PS1 mice beginning at 3 months preceding Aβ deposition at 5 months, and peaking at 5 months, followed by cognitive deficits at 8 months. Additionally, elevated monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) protein expression in 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice indicated disruption of astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) homeostasis. Overall, this findings first demonstrate that acidification precedes Aβ deposition, peaks at the onset of Aβ deposition, and diminishes thereafter, with early acidification likely driven by the disruption of ANLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruoxi Xie
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Younis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoze Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Khalifa M, Fayed RH, Ahmed YH, Abdelhameed MF, Essa AF, Khalil HMA. Ferulic acid ameliorates bisphenol A (BPA)-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathology through Akt-ERK crosstalk pathway in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2025; 242:461-480. [PMID: 39441400 PMCID: PMC11861243 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of ferulic acid (FA) against bisphenol A (BPA) induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in male rats. METHODS Rats were allocated into four groups, control, BPA, BPA + FA, and FA, respectively, for 40 days. Spatial working memory and recognition memory were evaluated. Moreover, the brain levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase (p-Akt) were measured. We also determined the brain neuropathological protein levels, including Beta-Amyloid 1-42, total Tau (tTau), and phosphorylated Tau (pTau) proteins. Furthermore, brain levels of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Beta-secretase (BACE) were assessed. Brain histological investigation and immunohistochemistry determination of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) were also performed. Moreover, docking simulation was adapted to understand the inhibitory role of FA on AChE, BACE-1, and ERK1/2. RESULTS Interestingly, the BPA + FA treated group showed a reversal in the cognitive impairments induced by BPA, which was associated with improved brain redox status. They also exhibited a significant decrease in brain inflammatory cytokines, ERK, and p-Akt levels. Moreover, they revealed a decline in beta-amyloid 1-42 and a significant improvement in tTau expression and pTau protein levels in the brain tissue. Further, the brain levels of AChE and BACE were substantially reduced in BPA + FA rats. The neuroprotective effect of FA was confirmed by restoring the normal architecture of brain tissue, which was associated with decreasing GFAP. CONCLUSION FA could be a potent neuroprotectant agent against AD with a possible prospect for its therapeutic capabilities and nutritional supplement value due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhasen Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Rabie H Fayed
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Essa
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine, King Salman International University, South sinai, Ras Sudr, Egypt
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Wang C, Ji D, Su X, Liu F, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Cai L, Wang Y, Qin W, Xing G, Liu P, Liu X, Liu M, Zhang N. Cerebral perfusion correlates with amyloid deposition in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2025; 12:100031. [PMID: 39863326 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may contribute to the initial stages of the pathophysiological process in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hypoperfusion has been observed in several brain regions in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the clinical significance of CBF changes in the early stages of AD is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics, diagnostic value and cognitive correlation of cerebral perfusion measured with arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with MCI due to AD. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of fifty-nine MCI patients and 49 cognitively unimpaired controls (CUCs) were recruited and underwent multimodal MRI scans, including pseudocontinuous ASL, and neurocognitive testing. MCI patients were dichotomously classified according to the presence of amyloid deposition on 11C-labelled Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET). MEASUREMENTS The differences in CBF and expression of the AD-related perfusion pattern (ADRP), established by spatial covariance analysis in our previous study, were compared between the PiB+ MCI group and the CUC group and between the PiB+ and PiB- MCI groups. The diagnostic accuracy and correlations with cognitive function scores for CBF and ADRP expression were further analyzed. RESULTS Hypoperfusion in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was more characteristic of patients with MCI due to AD than of those with non-AD-related MCI. The relative regional CBF value of the left precuneus best distinguished patients with MCI due to AD from CUCs and patients with MCI due to non-AD conditions. Cerebral perfusion, as indicated by either the relative regional CBF or the expression score of the ADRP, was strongly correlated with certain cognitive function scores. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that changes in CBF in the precuneus/PCC are promising MRI biomarkers for the identification of an AD etiology in patients with MCI. ASL, a noninvasive and cost-effective tool, has broad application prospects in the screening and early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, PR China
| | - Deli Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng 024000, PR China
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot 010000, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology, Yulin First Hospital, Yulin City, Shanxi Province 719000, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Qingzheng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Li Cai
- PET/CT Diagnostic Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- PET/CT Diagnostic Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging and Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Gebeili Xing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010000, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology and Interventional Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 154 Anshan Road Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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Liang Z, Wei J, Chan S, Zhang S, Xu L, Shen C, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Pinelliae Rhizoma: a systematic review on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, preclinical and clinical evidence. Chin J Nat Med 2025; 23:1-20. [PMID: 39855824 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(25)60807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR), known as Banxia in Chinese, Hange in Japanese, and Banha in Korean, is a renowned herbal medicine in East Asia derived from the dry tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (PT). It is extensively utilized in dispensing granules, classical prescriptions, and herbal formulas to treat various conditions, including cough, infection, phlegm, nausea, asthma, and inflammation. Despite numerous studies on PR and its classical prescriptions over recent decades, a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence regarding its multifunctional roles and therapeutic potential is lacking. This review aims to address this gap by examining emerging evidence from metabonomics, preclinical studies, and clinical trials, while exploring potential trends and prospects for future research. A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to identify relevant articles on PR published until March 2023. PR contains 107 compounds with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-asthma, antitussive and expectorant, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-microbial, emetic and anti-emetic, anti-convulsant and anti-epileptic, sedative and hypnotic, learning and memory enhancement, and anti-depressant effects. Metabonomic studies suggest that raw PR may exhibit cardiotoxicity and pregnancy toxicity while showing no apparent hepatorenal toxicity. However, limited pharmacokinetic investigations on PR constrain its clinical translation. Furthermore, clinical safety data on PR is scarce, with only four clinical trials assessing its positive effects in pediatric epilepsy, nausea and vomiting, soft tissue injury, and chronic sinus tract. This review aims to enhance understanding of PR and provide valuable information and recommendations for further research and development of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuanji Liang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Sioi Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Li Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Chenxiao Shen
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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Youssef OM, Lashine NH, El-Nablaway M, El-Yamany MI, Youssef MM, Arida DA. Ferulic acid mitigated rotenone toxicity -Evoked Parkinson in rat model by featuring apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation signaling. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102614. [PMID: 39577325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Over time, Parkinson disease (PD) develops as a neurological illness. The goal of this study was to see whether ferulic acid has any neuroprotective benefits on the cerebellum of rats that have Parkinson's disease brought on by rotenone poisoning. A total of twenty-four male albino rats, in good condition, weighed between 200 and 250 g and nine to ten weeks old, were employed in the investigation. The control group received 1 ml of sunflower oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) each day. Rats' motor performance was considerably worse when given rotenone than it was in the control group. Rats given Ferulic Acid (FA) showed a substantial drop in the amount of glutathione (GSH) in the cerebellum. Moreover, the injection of FA resulted in a significant reduction in the optical density (OD) of the immune-positive reaction for α-synuclein, and the area percentage of BCL-2 and NF-kB immunological positive response. FA therapy, surprisingly, enhanced the OD of TH immunopositive response and apoptotic regulators (BCL2) in the cerebellum. Furthermore, FA boosted BCL2 expression, confirming the antiapoptotic effects of FA. Based on these results, FA is probably a good candidate to treat neurodegenerative diseases brought on by long-term exposure to rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Mohammed Youssef
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Hosney Lashine
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona Ibrahim El-Yamany
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Egypt.
| | - Manar Monir Youssef
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Dina Abdalla Arida
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Hosseini A, Sheibani M, Valipour M. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of BBB-Penetrating Phytochemicals With p38 MAPK Modulatory Activity in Addressing Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders, With a Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. Phytother Res 2024; 38:5598-5625. [PMID: 39300812 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies indicate a strong connection between oxidative stress, inappropriate activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although antioxidant therapy is a valid strategy to alleviate these problems, the most important limitation of this approach is the ineffectiveness of drug administration due to the limited permeability of the BBB. Therefore, BBB-penetrating p38 MAPK modulators with proper antioxidant capacity could be useful in preventing/reducing the complications of neurodegenerative disorders. The current manuscript aims to review the therapeutic capabilities of some recently reviewed naturally occurring p38 MAPK inhibitors in the management of neurodegenerative problems such as Alzheimer's disease. In data collection, we tried to use more recent studies published in high-quality journals indexed in databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and so on, but no specific time frame was considered due to the nature of the study. Our evaluations indicate that natural compounds tanshinones, protoberberines, pinocembrin, osthole, rhynchophylline, oxymatrine, schisandrin, piperine, paeonol, ferulic acid, 6-gingerol, obovatol, and trolox have significant potential for use as supplements/adjuvants in the reduction of neurodegenerative-related problems. Our findings emphasize the usefulness of BBB-penetrating phytochemicals with p38 MAPK modulatory activity as potential therapeutic options against neurodegenerative disorders. Of course, the proper use of these compounds depends on considering their toxicity/safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as the clinical conditions of users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Korte N, Barkaway A, Wells J, Freitas F, Sethi H, Andrews SP, Skidmore J, Stevens B, Attwell D. Inhibiting Ca 2+ channels in Alzheimer's disease model mice relaxes pericytes, improves cerebral blood flow and reduces immune cell stalling and hypoxia. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:2086-2100. [PMID: 39294491 PMCID: PMC11537984 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), pericytes constrict capillaries, increasing their hydraulic resistance and trapping of immune cells and, thus, decreasing cerebral blood flow (CBF). Therapeutic approaches to attenuate pericyte-mediated constriction in AD are lacking. Here, using in vivo two-photon imaging with laser Doppler and speckle flowmetry and magnetic resonance imaging, we show that Ca2+ entry via L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) controls the contractile tone of pericytes. In AD model mice, we identifed pericytes throughout the capillary bed as key drivers of an immune reactive oxygen species (ROS)-evoked and pericyte intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i)-mediated decrease in microvascular flow. Blocking CaVs with nimodipine early in disease progression improved CBF, reduced leukocyte stalling at pericyte somata and attenuated brain hypoxia. Amyloid β (Aβ)-evoked pericyte contraction in human cortical tissue was also greatly reduced by CaV block. Lowering pericyte [Ca2+]i early in AD may, thus, offer a therapeutic strategy to enhance brain energy supply and possibly cognitive function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Korte
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anna Barkaway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huma Sethi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stephen P Andrews
- ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Skidmore
- ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beth Stevens
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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Wang N, Zhao Z, Wang X, Chen X, Jiang F, Tan Y, Chen W, Meng Q. Brain regions differences in amyloid-β and gene expression in early APP/PS1 mice and identification of Npas4 as a key molecule in Alzheimer's disease. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:1816-1826. [PMID: 38958450 PMCID: PMC11496853 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2024.10820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Distinct brain regions are differentially affected during the various stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the hippocampus and cortex are known to play significant roles, the involvement of the cerebellum has received less attention. Understanding the changes in diverse brain regions is essential to unravel the neuropathological mechanism in early-stage AD. Our research aimed to explore and compare amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and gene expression profiles across the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum in the early stages of the Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mouse model. By 7 months of age, significant Aβ plaque accumulation was observed in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, while no such deposits were found in the cerebellum. Gene expression analysis revealed predominant effects on immune response pathways in the hippocampus and cortex. Even in the absence of Aβ deposition, notable gene expression changes were observed in the cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice. Intriguingly, Neuronal PAS Domain protein 4 (Npas4) expression was consistently down-regulated across all brain regions, independent of Aβ plaque presence. Our findings reveal distinct transcriptomic alterations and Aβ pathology in select cerebral regions during the initial phase of AD. Notably, the diminished expression of the Npas4 across three brain regions implies that Npas4 could play a pivotal role in the early pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinzhang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fengwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yahong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Du J, Han Z, Ran L, Zhang T, Li J, Li H. Extraction Condition Optimization, Quantitative Analysis, and Anti-AD Bioactivity Evaluation of Acorn Polyphenols from Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, and Quercus dentata. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10536. [PMID: 39408864 PMCID: PMC11476354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Quercus variabilis (Q. variabilis), Quercus aliena (Q. aliena), and Quercus dentata (Q. dentata) acorn kernels were taken as the research objects, and the free polyphenols and bound polyphenols in acorn kernels were extracted using improved ultrasound-assisted ethanolic and alkaline extraction methods, after which the contents of gallic acid, quercetin, azelaic acid, ellagic acid, and ferulic acid were quantified by LC-MC/MS. The results demonstrated that Q. variabilis and Q. aliena acorns were suitable as raw materials to extract ellagic acid, the contents of ferulic acid and bound gallic acid in them were different, and Q. aliena acorns were more suitable for the research of gallic acid, but not for azelaic acid. Results on APP/PS1 transgenic mice verified that five polyphenols significantly suppressed the progression of AD. This study provides a theoretical basis for the drug development of acorn polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huiying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (Z.H.); (L.R.); (T.Z.); (J.L.)
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Jeliński T, Przybyłek M, Różalski R, Romanek K, Wielewski D, Cysewski P. Tuning Ferulic Acid Solubility in Choline-Chloride- and Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Experimental Determination and Machine Learning Modeling. Molecules 2024; 29:3841. [PMID: 39202918 PMCID: PMC11357058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) represent a promising class of green solvents, offering particular utility in the extraction and development of new formulations of natural compounds such as ferulic acid (FA). The experimental phase of the study undertook a systematic investigation of the solubility of FA in DES, comprising choline chloride or betaine as hydrogen bond acceptors and six different polyols as hydrogen bond donors. The results demonstrated that solvents based on choline chloride were more effective than those based on betaine. The optimal ratio of hydrogen bond acceptors to donors was found to be 1:2 molar. The addition of water to the DES resulted in a notable enhancement in the solubility of FA. Among the polyols tested, triethylene glycol was the most effective. Hence, DES composed of choline chloride and triethylene glycol (TEG) (1:2) with added water in a 0.3 molar ration is suggested as an efficient alternative to traditional organic solvents like DMSO. In the second part of this report, the affinities of FA in saturated solutions were computed for solute-solute and all solute-solvent pairs. It was found that self-association of FA leads to a cyclic structure of the C28 type, common among carboxylic acids, which is the strongest type of FA affinity. On the other hand, among all hetero-molecular bi-complexes, the most stable is the FA-TEG pair, which is an interesting congruency with the high solubility of FA in TEG containing liquids. Finally, this work combined COSMO-RS modeling with machine learning for the development of a model predicting ferulic acid solubility in a wide range of solvents, including not only DES but also classical neat and binary mixtures. A machine learning protocol developed a highly accurate model for predicting FA solubility, significantly outperforming the COSMO-RS approach. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use the support vector regressor (SVR) for screening new dissolution media as it is not only accurate but also has sound generalization to new systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jeliński
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Rafał Różalski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Romanek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Daniel Wielewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Piotr Cysewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
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Zhao P, Cheng P, Wang J, Zhu G, Wang X. Shenqi Yizhi prescription prevents AβO-induced memory impairment in mice by regulating the contractility of brain pericytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155639. [PMID: 38669966 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microcirculation disturbance manifested by decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is one of early features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Shenqi Yizhi prescription (SQYZ) is widely used in the treatment of AD. However, the effect of SQYZ on the early feature of AD is not clarified. PURPOSE To explore the effect and mechanism of SQYZ on AD-like behavior from the perspective of early pathological features of AD. METHODS The fingerprint of SQYZ was established by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph. The improvement effect of SQYZ on Aβ1-42 Oligomer (AβO)-induced AD-like behavior of mice was evaluated by behavioral test. The changes of CBF were detected by laser doppler meter and laser speckle imaging. The pathological changes of the hippocampus were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscope. The expressions of intercellular communication molecules were detected by western blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The content of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was detected by ELISA. Finally, the core components of SQYZ were docked with platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) using AutoDock Vina software. RESULTS The similarity of the components in SQYZ extracted from different batches of medicinal materials was higher than 0.9. SQYZ administration could improve AβO-induced memory impairment and CBF reduction. Compared with the sham group, the number of neurons in the hippocampi of AβO group was significantly reduced, and the microvessels were shrunken and deformed. By contrary, SQYZ administration mitigated those pathological changes. Compared with the sham mice, the expressions of CD31, N-cadherin, PDGFRβ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, integrin β1, and integrin α5 in the hippocampi of AβO mice were significantly increased. However, SQYZ administration significantly reduced AβO-induced expression of those proteins. Interestingly, the effect of PDGFRβ inhibitor, sunitinib demonstrated a consistent modulating effect as SQYZ. Finally, the brain-entering components of SQYZ, including ginsenoside Rg5, coptisine, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone IIA, stigmasterol, and tanshinone IIA had high binding force with PDGFRβ, implicating PDGFRβ as a potential target for SQYZ. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that SQYZ improves CBF in AβO-triggered AD-like mice through inhibiting brain pericyte contractility, indicating the treatment potential of SQYZ for AD at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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13
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Shi Y, Zhu J, Hou C, Li X, Tong Q. Mining key circadian biomarkers for major depressive disorder by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10299-10320. [PMID: 38874508 PMCID: PMC11236317 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify key clock genes closely associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) using bioinformatics and machine learning approaches. METHODS Gene expression data of 128 MDD patients and 64 healthy controls from blood samples were obtained. Differentially expressed were identified and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was first performed to screen MDD-related key genes. These genes were then intersected with 1475 known circadian rhythm genes to identify circadian rhythm genes associated with MDD. Finally, multiple machine learning algorithms were applied for further selection, to determine the most critical 4 circadian rhythm biomarkers. RESULTS Four key circadian rhythm genes (ABCC2, APP, HK2 and RORA) were identified that could effectively distinguish MDD samples from controls. These genes were significantly enriched in circadian pathways and showed strong correlations with immune cell infiltration. Drug target prediction suggested that small molecules like melatonin and escitalopram may target these circadian rhythm proteins. CONCLUSION This study revealed discovered 4 key circadian rhythm genes closely associated with MDD, which may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The findings highlight the important roles of circadian disruptions in the pathogenesis of MDD, providing new insights for precision diagnosis and targeted treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jue Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chaowen Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qiaozhen Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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Chang M, Lei Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Wu H, Tang S, Yang H. Effect of Naoxintong Capsule on Microglia and Proteomics of Cortex After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2904-2920. [PMID: 37948003 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation caused by microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) is observed after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the inflammatory response mechanism remains unclear. BuChang Naoxintong capsule (NXT) is a Chinese medicine for treating ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, requiring more studies to understand the pharmacodynamic mechanism. Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was performed in rats. Additionally, histopathological staining in the left ventricular (LV) and immunofluorescence within the brain cortex after 1 d and 7 d of MI were performed to determine the NXT pharmacodynamic action and best administration dosage. Proteomics helped obtain the essential proteins related to neuroinflammation and MI in the heart and brain tissue after 7 d of MI. Based on TTC, HE, Masson, and immunofluorescence staining results of CD206 and IBA-1, NXT demonstrated a better pharmacodynamic action towards myocardial injury and neuroinflammation after 7 d of MI. Moreover, the human equivalent dosage of NXT (220 mg/kg) became the best administration dose. The proteome bioinformatics analysis in the LV and brain cortex was performed. Thus, the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 5 (ELOVL5) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 4 (ABCG4) became critical proteins related to MI and neuroinflammation. The western blotting results indicated that ABCG4 expression possessed the same trend as the proteomics results. The auto-dock results revealed that ABCG4 had a good binding ability with Ferulic acid, Paeoniflorin, and Tanshinone II A, the key ingredients of NXT. The cellular thermal shift assay results demonstrated that ABCG4 showed better thermal stability post-NXT treatment. NXT can improve myocardial injury, such as heart infarct size, pathological injury, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, brain neuroinflammation induced by microglia after MI affects the expression and structure of ABCG4. Thus, ABCG4 could be the key protein associated with MI and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuxin Lei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Balakrishnan R, Jannat K, Choi DK. Development of dietary small molecules as multi-targeting treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103105. [PMID: 38471283 PMCID: PMC10945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can occur both in normal aging and age-related neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders have few treatment options due to side effects and limited efficacy. New approaches to slow cognitive decline are urgently needed. Dietary interventions (nutraceuticals) have received considerable attention because they exhibit strong neuroprotective properties and may help prevent or minimize AD symptoms. Biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy, which function through various signaling pathways. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dietary small molecules derived from natural sources, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenolic acids, can modulate oxidative damage, cognitive impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy dysregulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This paper reviews research on different dietary small molecules and their bioactive constituents in the treatment of AD. Additionally, the chemical structure, effective dose, and specific molecular mechanisms of action are comprehensively explored. This paper also discusses the advantages of using nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which significantly enhances oral bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic effect, and lowers the risk of adverse effects. These agents have considerable potential as novel and safe therapeutic agents that can prevent and combat age-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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Hu M, Ying X, Zheng M, Wang C, Li Q, Gu L, Zhang X. Therapeutic potential of natural products against Alzheimer's disease via autophagic removal of Aβ. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110835. [PMID: 38043648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, include the deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. A decline in cognitive ability is related to the accumulation of Aβ in patients with AD. Autophagy, which is a primary intracellular mechanism for degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, plays a crucial role in AD. In this review, we summarize the most recent research progress regarding the process of autophagy and the effect of autophagy on Aβ. We further discuss some typical monomers of natural products that contribute to the clearance of Aβ by autophagy, which can alleviate AD. This provides a new perspective for the application of autophagy modulation in natural product therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ying
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
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Fang X, Fan F, Border JJ, Roman RJ. Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Transgenic Rodent Models. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 5:42-64. [PMID: 38434588 PMCID: PMC10906803 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia (ADRD) are the primary causes of dementia that has a devastating effect on the quality of life and is a tremendous economic burden on the healthcare system. The accumulation of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain are the hallmarks of AD. They are also thought to be the underlying cause of inflammation, neurodegeneration, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairments that accompany AD. The discovery of APP, PS1, and PS2 mutations that increase Aβ production in families with early onset familial AD led to the development of numerous transgenic rodent models of AD. These models have provided new insight into the role of Aβ in AD; however, they do not fully replicate AD pathology in patients. Familial AD patients with mutations that elevate the production of Aβ represent only a small fraction of dementia patients. In contrast, those with late-onset sporadic AD constitute the majority of cases. This observation, along with the failure of previous clinical trials targeting Aβ or Tau and the modest success of recent trials using Aβ monoclonal antibodies, has led to a reappraisal of the view that Aβ accumulation is the sole factor in the pathogenesis of AD. More recent studies have established that cerebral vascular dysfunction is one of the earliest changes seen in AD, and 67% of the candidate genes linked to AD are expressed in the cerebral vasculature. Thus, there is an increasing appreciation of the vascular contribution to AD, and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Alzheimer's Disease Foundation recently prioritized it as a focused research area. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of the most commonly used transgenic AD animal models and current views about the contribution of Aβ accumulation versus cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jane J. Border
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Chaves N, Nogales L, Montero-Fernández I, Blanco-Salas J, Alías JC. Mediterranean Shrub Species as a Source of Biomolecules against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:8133. [PMID: 38138621 PMCID: PMC10745362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative stress, due to an imbalance in the oxidation-reduction reactions at the cellular level. Various treatments are available to treat these diseases, although they often do not cure them and have many adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find complementary and/or alternative drugs that replace current treatments with fewer side effects. It has been demonstrated that natural products derived from plants, specifically phenolic compounds, have a great capacity to suppress oxidative stress and neutralize free radicals thus, they may be used as alternative alternative pharmacological treatments for pathological conditions associated with an increase in oxidative stress. The plant species that dominate the Mediterranean ecosystems are characterized by having a wide variety of phenolic compound content. Therefore, these species might be important sources of neuroprotective biomolecules. To evaluate this potential, 24 typical plant species of the Mediterranean ecosystems were selected, identifying the most important compounds present in them. This set of plant species provides a total of 403 different compounds. Of these compounds, 35.7% are phenolic acids and 55.6% are flavonoids. The most relevant of these compounds are gallic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, apigenin, kaempferol, myricitrin, quercetin, isoquercetin, quercetrin, rutin, catechin and epicatechin, which are widely distributed among the analyzed plant species (in over 10 species) and which have been involved in the literature in the prevention of different neurodegenerative pathologies. It is also important to mention that three of these plant species, Pistacea lentiscus, Lavandula stoechas and Thymus vulgaris, have most of the described compounds with protective properties against neurodegenerative diseases. The present work shows that the plant species that dominate the studied geographic area can provide an important source of phenolic compounds for the pharmacological and biotechnological industry to prepare extracts or isolated compounds for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Chaves
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Extremadura, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (L.N.); (I.M.-F.); (J.B.-S.); (J.C.A.)
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Wang X, Shao N, Zhang X, Chen H, Chang Z, Xie D, Zhang J. Ferulic Acid Activates SIRT1-Mediated Ferroptosis Signaling Pathway to Improve Cognition Dysfunction in Wilson's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2681-2696. [PMID: 38077239 PMCID: PMC10710261 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s443278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease (WD), an autosomal recessive genetic disease, is characterized by copper metabolism disorder. WD patients may have a series of cognitive deficits in terms of neurological symptoms. Ferroptosis (FPT), a type of programmed cell death, is involved in the pathological progression of various cognitive disorders, and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is considered to be a key factor in FPT. Ferulic acid (FA) is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer, with a remarkable effect in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment-related disease. However, its intrinsic effect on FPT is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of FA on cognitive impairment in animal and cell models of WD, and whether the pharmacological mechanism is related to the SIRT1-mediated FPT signaling pathway. METHODS Copper-loaded WD rats and PC12 cells WD were used as models of cognitive dysfunction in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used to evaluate the spatial exploration and memory abilities of rats. HE staining was used to observe neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect the expression of GPX4 protein. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of neurons. The levels of Fe2+, MDA, SOD, GSH, 4HNE, and ROS were detected. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1, Nrf2, SCL7A11, and GPX4. RESULTS In the WD copper-loaded model rats, MWM, TEM, and IF results showed that FA could promote the repair of learning and memory function, improve the morphological damage to hippocampal neurons, and maintain mitochondria integrity. In the PC12 cell experiment, the MTT method showed that FA increased the viability of copper-overloaded cell models. Western blot and qRT-PCR results confirmed that FA significantly increased the expression of proteins and mRNA in SIRT1, Nrf2, SCL7A11, and GPX4. In addition, FA reversed the expression of oxidative stress-related indicators, including MDA, SOD, GSH, 4HNE, and ROS. CONCLUSION FA alleviates hippocampal neuronal injury by activating SIRT1-mediated FPT, providing a valuable candidate for traditional Chinese medicine monomer for the clinical therapeutics of WD cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Shao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Chang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daojun Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
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Liu JY, Guo HY, Quan ZS, Shen QK, Cui H, Li X. Research progress of natural products and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2171026. [PMID: 36803484 PMCID: PMC9946335 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2171026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a persistent neurological dysfunction, has an increasing prevalence with the aging of the world and seriously threatens the health of the elderly. Although there is currently no effective treatment for AD, researchers have not given up, and are committed to exploring the pathogenesis of AD and possible therapeutic drugs. Natural products have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique advantages. One molecule can interact with multiple AD-related targets, thus having the potential to be developed in a multi-target drug. In addition, they are amenable to structural modifications to increase interaction and decrease toxicity. Therefore, natural products and their derivatives that ameliorate pathological changes in AD should be intensively and extensively studied. This review mainly presents research on natural products and their derivatives for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Center of Medical Functional Experiment, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China,Hong Cui Center of Medical Functional Experiment, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China,CONTACT Xiaoting Li Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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21
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Chen L, Zhen Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu G. Neurovascular glial unit: A target of phytotherapy for cognitive impairments. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155009. [PMID: 37573807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular glial unit (NVGU) dysfunction has been reported to be an early and critical event in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Although herbal medicines, with their favorable safety profiles and low adverse effects, have been suggested to be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, the potential role of the NVGU as the target of the effects of herbal medicines is still unclear. PURPOSE This review aimed to retrieve evidence from experimental studies of phytopharmaceuticals targeting the NVGU for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD and VD, and discussed the potential of phytopharmaceuticals to improve cognitive impairment from the perspective of the NVGU. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords used for searching information on the NVGU in the treatment of cognitive impairments included "Alzheimer's disease," "Vascular dementia," "Herbal medicines," "Natural products," "Neurovascular," "Adverse reaction," and "Toxicity, etc." We selected studies on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. RESULTS NVGU mainly consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and damage to these cells can induce cognitive impairment by impairing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as neuronal function. The active components of herbal medicines, including Ginkgo biloba L., Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Epimedium Folium, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami flos, and Acorus tatarinowii Schott, as well as traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown the potential to improve BBB function and increase CBF to prevent cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte and microglia activation, protecting oligodendrocyte myelin function, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines demonstrate great potential to prevent cognitive impairment. Multiple components from herbal medicines may function through different signaling pathways to target the NVGU. Future studies using novel drug-carrier or delivery systems targeting the NVGU will certainly facilitate the development of phytopharmaceuticals for AD and VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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22
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Wang N, Yang X, Zhao Z, Liu D, Wang X, Tang H, Zhong C, Chen X, Chen W, Meng Q. Cooperation between neurovascular dysfunction and Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1227493. [PMID: 37654789 PMCID: PMC10466809 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1227493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis was once believed to represent the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, with the failure of clinical drug development and the increasing understanding of the disease, the Aβ hypothesis has been challenged. Numerous recent investigations have demonstrated that the vascular system plays a significant role in the course of AD, with vascular damage occurring prior to the deposition of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The question of how Aβ relates to neurovascular function and which is the trigger for AD has recently come into sharp focus. In this review, we outline the various vascular dysfunctions associated with AD, including changes in vascular hemodynamics, vascular cell function, vascular coverage, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We reviewed the most recent findings about the complicated Aβ-neurovascular unit (NVU) interaction and highlighted its vital importance to understanding disease pathophysiology. Vascular defects may lead to Aβ deposition, neurotoxicity, glial cell activation, and metabolic dysfunction; In contrast, Aβ and oxidative stress can aggravate vascular damage, forming a vicious cycle loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chuyu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinzhang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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23
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Xiang L, Wang Y, Liu S, Liu B, Jin X, Cao X. Targeting Protein Aggregates with Natural Products: An Optional Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11275. [PMID: 37511037 PMCID: PMC10379780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In these diseases, many pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β, tau, α-Syn, Htt, and FUS, form aggregates that disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and lead to associated neuronal lesions. Protein aggregates in NDs are widely recognized as one of the important targets for the treatment of these diseases. Natural products, with their diverse biological activities and rich medical history, represent a great treasure trove for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat disease. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that natural products, by virtue of their complex molecular scaffolds that specifically bind to pathogenic proteins and their aggregates, can inhibit the formation of aggregates, disrupt the structure of aggregates and destabilize them, thereby alleviating conditions associated with NDs. Here, we systematically reviewed studies using natural products to improve disease-related symptoms by reducing or inhibiting the formation of five pathogenic protein aggregates associated with NDs. This information should provide valuable insights into new directions and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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24
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Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Salissou MTM, Yacouba MBM, Wang JZ, Liu R, Zhang B, Li HL, Zhu F, Wang X. Ferulic Acid Improves Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Impairments by Alleviating the PP2B/DARPP-32/PP1 Axis-Mediated STEP Increase and Aβ Burden in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1081-1108. [PMID: 37079191 PMCID: PMC10457275 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, is increasing exponentially due to the increase in the elderly population worldwide. Synaptic plasticity is the basis of learning and memory, but it is impaired in AD. Uncovering the disease's underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms involving synaptic plasticity could lead to the identification of targets for better disease management. Using primary neurons treated with Aβ and APP/PS1 animal models, we evaluated the effect of the phenolic compound ferulic acid (FA) on synaptic dysregulations. Aβ led to synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments by increasing STEP activity and decreasing the phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptors, as well as decreasing other synaptic proteins, including PSD-95 and synapsin1. Interestingly, FA attenuated the Aβ-upregulated intracellular calcium and thus resulted in a decrease in PP2B-induced activation of DARPP-32, inhibiting PP1. This cascade event maintained STEP in its inactive state, thereby preventing the loss of GluN2B phosphorylation. This was accompanied by an increase in PSD-95 and synapsin1, improved LTP, and a decreased Aβ load, together leading to improved behavioral and cognitive functions in APP/PS1 mice treated with FA. This study provides insight into the potential use of FA as a therapeutic strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Coinnovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of the Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 47 Youyi Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518001, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- College of Health, Natural and Agriculture Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Coinnovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Lian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of the Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 47 Youyi Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518001, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Coinnovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Huibei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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25
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Shaikh A, Ahmad F, Teoh SL, Kumar J, Yahaya MF. Honey and Alzheimer's Disease-Current Understanding and Future Prospects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:427. [PMID: 36829985 PMCID: PMC9952506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, has been a global concern. AD is associated with the involvement of the central nervous system that causes the characteristic impaired memory, cognitive deficits, and behavioral abnormalities. These abnormalities caused by AD is known to be attributed by extracellular aggregates of amyloid beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Additionally, genetic factors such as abnormality in the expression of APOE, APP, BACE1, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 play a role in the disease. As the current treatment aims to treat the symptoms and to slow the disease progression, there has been a continuous search for new nutraceutical agent or medicine to help prevent and cure AD pathology. In this quest, honey has emerged as a powerful nootropic agent. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the high flavonoids and phenolic acids content in honey exerts its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review summarizes the effect of main flavonoid compounds found in honey on the physiological functioning of the central nervous system, and the effect of honey intake on memory and cognition in various animal model. This review provides a new insight on the potential of honey to prevent AD pathology, as well as to ameliorate the damage in the developed AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Shaikh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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26
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Paciello F, Ripoli C, Fetoni AR, Grassi C. Redox Imbalance as a Common Pathogenic Factor Linking Hearing Loss and Cognitive Decline. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020332. [PMID: 36829891 PMCID: PMC9952092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data suggest a tight link between hearing and cognitive functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. Indeed, hearing perception requires high-level cognitive processes, and its alterations have been considered a risk factor for cognitive decline. Thus, identifying common pathogenic determinants of hearing loss and neurodegenerative disease is challenging. Here, we focused on redox status imbalance as a possible common pathological mechanism linking hearing and cognitive dysfunctions. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in cochlear damage occurring during aging, as well as in that induced by exogenous factors, including noise. At the same time, increased oxidative stress in medio-temporal brain regions, including the hippocampus, is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. As such, antioxidant therapy seems to be a promising approach to prevent and/or counteract both sensory and cognitive neurodegeneration. Here, we review experimental evidence suggesting that redox imbalance is a key pathogenetic factor underlying the association between sensorineural hearing loss and neurodegenerative diseases. A greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms shared by these two diseased conditions will hopefully provide relevant information to develop innovative and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630154966
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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27
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Wei W, Pei H, Ma LN, Zheng R, Huang QY, Chang SR, Cao Y, Li H. Comparison of Yizhiqingxin formula extraction methods and their pharmacodynamic differences. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1097859. [PMID: 36875667 PMCID: PMC9978475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1097859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared different extraction methods of Yizhiqingxin formula (YQF) and its neuroprotective effects based on pharmacodynamic indices such as learning and memory ability, brain tissue histopathology and morphology, and inflammatory factor expression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods The pharmaceutical components of YQF were extracted using three extraction processes, and the components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Donepezil hydrochloride was used as a positive control drug. Fifty 7-8-month-old 3 × Tg AD mice were randomly divided into three YQF groups (YQF-1, YQF-2, and YQF-3), a donepezil group, and a model group. Ten age-matched C57/BL6 mice were used as normal controls. YQF and Donepezil were administered by gavage at a clinically equivalent dose of 2.6 and 1.3 mg⋅kg-1⋅d-1, respectively, with a gavage volume of 0.1 ml/10 g. Control and model groups received equal volumes of distilled water by gavage. After 2 months, the efficacy was evaluated using behavioral experiments, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and serum assays. Results The main components in YQF are ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, epiberberine, coptisine chloride, palmatine, berberine, and ferulic acid. YQF-3 (alcohol extraction) has the highest content of active compounds, followed by YQF-2 (water extraction and alcohol precipitation method). Compared to the model group, the three YQF groups showed alleviated histopathological changes and improved spatial learning and memory, with the effect in YQF-2 being the most significant. YQF showed protection of hippocampal neurons, most significantly in the YQF-1 group. YQF significantly reduced Aβ pathology and tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased expressions of serum pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 as well as serum chemokines MCP-1 and MIG. Conclusion YQF prepared by three different processes showed differences in pharmacodynamics in an AD mouse model. YQF-2 was significantly better than the other extraction processes in improving memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Yi Huang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Rui Chang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Abd El-Aziz NM, Shehata MG, Alsulami T, Badr AN, Elbakatoshy MR, Ali HS, El-Sohaimy SA. Characterization of Orange Peel Extract and Its Potential Protective Effect against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010012. [PMID: 36678510 PMCID: PMC9864618 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Hence, developing an effective treatment or protective agent is crucial for public health. The present study aims to characterize orange peel extract (OPE) through in vitro and in silico studies. Furthermore, it examines the protective effect of OPE against experimentally-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of OPE was 255.86 ± 1.77 and 52.06 ± 1.74 (mg/100 g), respectively. Gallic acid, the common polyphenol in OPE detected by HPLC was 3388.60 μg/100 g. OPE antioxidant IC50 was 67.90 ± 1.05, 60.48 ± 0.91, and 63.70 ± 0.30 by DPPH, ABTS and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. In vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) IC50 was 0.87 ± 0.025 mg/mL for OPE and 2.45 ± 0.001 mg/mL for gallic acid. Molecular docking analysis for human AChE (4EY7) with donepezil, gallic acid, and acetylcholine showed binding energy ΔG values of -9.47, -3.72, and -5.69 Kcal/mol, respectively. Aluminum chloride injection (70 mg/Kg/day for 6 weeks) induced Alzheimer's-like disease in male rats. OPE (100 and 200 mg/kg/d) and gallic acid (50 mg/kg/d) were administered orally to experimental animals for 6 weeks in addition to aluminum chloride injection (as protective). OPE was found to protect against aluminum chloride-induced neuronal damage by decreasing both gene expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a decrease in amyloid beta (Aβ42) protein level, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and nitric oxide (NO), and increased reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissues. Additionally, gene expressions for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta secretase enzyme (BACE1) were downregulated, whereas those for presinilin-2 (PSEN2) and beta cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) were upregulated. Furthermore, the reverse of mitochondrial alternation and restored brain ultrastructure might underlie neuronal dysfunction in AD. In conclusion, our exploration of the neuroprotective effect of OPE in vivo reveals that OPE may be helpful in ameliorating brain oxidative stress, hence protecting from Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Mohammad Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Gamal Shehata
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Food Research Section, R&D Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tawfiq Alsulami
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noah Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ramadan Elbakatoshy
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Hatem Salama Ali
- Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sobhy Ahmed El-Sohaimy
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University (SUSU), 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Shi R, Gao D, Stoika R, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. Potential implications of polyphenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5491-5514. [PMID: 36524397 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2155106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are common chronic diseases related to progressive damage to the nervous system. Current neurodegenerative diseases present difficulties and despite extensive research efforts to develop new disease-modifying therapies, there is still no effective treatment for halting the neurodegenerative process. Polyphenols are biologically active organic compounds abundantly found in various plants. It has been reported that plant-derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that polyphenols are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to overview the potential neuroprotective roles of polyphenols in most common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidie Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daili Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Recent Progress in Research on Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products against Alzheimer's Disease: Dietary Plant Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213886. [PMID: 36430365 PMCID: PMC9695301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. Despite years of extensive research efforts, our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AD is still highly limited. Nevertheless, several hypotheses related to risk factors for AD have been proposed. Moreover, plant-derived dietary polyphenols were also shown to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effects of the most well-known plant-derived dietary polyphenols on several AD-related molecular mechanisms, such as amelioration of oxidative stress injury, inhibition of aberrant glial cell activation to alleviate neuroinflammation, inhibition of the generation and promotion of the clearance of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme activity, and increase in acetylcholine levels in the brain. We also discuss the issue of bioavailability and the potential for improvement in this regard. This review is expected to encourage further research on the role of natural dietary plant polyphenols in the treatment of AD.
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Shen J, Li M, Long C, Yang L, Jiang J. Altered Odor-Evoked Electrophysiological Responses in the Anterior Piriform Cortex of Conscious APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1277-1289. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Olfactory decline is an indicator of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the anterior piriform cortex (aPC) is an important brain area involved in processing olfactory input, little is known about how its neuronal activity is affected in early-stage AD. Objective: To elucidate whether odor-induced electrophysiological responses are altered in the aPC of 3-5-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Methods: Using head-fixed multi-channel recording techniques in APP/PS1 AD mouse model to uncover potential aberrance of the aPC neuronal firing and local field potential (LFP) in response to vanillin. Results: We show that the firing rate of aPC neurons evoked by vanillin is significantly reduced in conscious APP/PS1 mice. LFP analysis demonstrates reduced low- and high-gamma (γ low, γ high) oscillations during both the baseline and odor stimulation periods in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, according to spike-field coherence (SFC) analysis, APP/PS1 mice show decreased coherence between odor-evoked spikes and γ low rhythms, while the coherence with γ high rhythms and the ΔSFC of the oscillations is unaffected. Furthermore, APP/PS1 mice show reduced phase-locking strength in the baseline period, such that there is no difference between baseline and odor-stimulation conditions. This contrasts markedly with wild type mice, where phase-locking strength decreases on stimulation. Conclusion: The abnormalities in both the neuronal and oscillatory activities of the aPC may serve as electrophysiological indicators of underlying olfactory decline in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Shen
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Jiang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu P, Niu B, Yang H, Xia Y, Chen D, Meng C, Chen K, Biswal B. Analysis and visualization methods for detecting functional activation using laser speckle contrast imaging. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12783. [PMID: 36070200 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have used regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) hemodynamic response to measure brain activities. In this work, we use a laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) apparatus to sample the CBF activation in somatosensory cortex (S1BF) with repetitive whisker stimulation. Traditionally, the CBF activations were processed by depicting the change percentage above baseline; however, it is not clear how different methods influence the detection of activations. AIMS Thus, in this work we investigate the influence of different methods to detect activations in LSCI. MATERIALS & METHODS First, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to denoise the CBF signal. As the signal of the first principal component (PC1) showed the highest correlation with the S1BF CBF response curve, PC1 was used in the subsequent analyses. Then, we used fast Fourier transform (FFT) to evaluate the frequency properties of the LSCI images and the activation map was generated based on the amplitude of the central frequency. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient (C-C) analysis and a general linear model (GLM) were performed to estimate the S1BF activation based on the time series of PC1. RESULTS We found that GLM performed better in identifying activation than C-C. Additionally, the activation maps generated by FFT were similar to those obtained by GLM. Particularly, the superficial vein and arterial vessels separated the activation region as segmented activated areas, and the regions with unresolved vessels showed a common activation for whisker stimulation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our research analyzed the extent to which PCA can extract meaningful information from the signal and we compared the performance for detecting brain functional activation between different methods that rely on LSCI. This can be used as a reference for LSCI researchers on choosing the best method to estimate brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bochao Niu
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yang
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xia
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Sichuan Institute Brain Science & Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Donna Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chun Meng
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Sichuan Institute Brain Science & Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Chen
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Sichuan Institute Brain Science & Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Deng C, Chen H, Meng Z, Meng S. Roles of traditional chinese medicine regulating neuroendocrinology on AD treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955618. [PMID: 36213283 PMCID: PMC9533021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that in addition to some genetic abnormalities, the majority of AD patients has a history of long-term exposure to risk factors. Neuroendocrine related risk factors have been proved to be strongly associated with AD. Long-term hormone disorder can have a direct detrimental effect on the brain by producing an AD-like pathology and result in cognitive decline by impairing neuronal metabolism, plasticity and survival. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) may regulate the complex process of endocrine disorders, and improve metabolic abnormalities, as well as the resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage through a variety of pathways. TCM has unique therapeutic advantages in treating early intervention of AD-related neuroendocrine disorders and preventing cognitive decline. This paper reviewed the relationship between neuroendocrine and AD as well as the related TCM treatment and its mechanism. The advantages of TCM intervention on endocrine disorders and some pending problems was also discussed, and new insights for TCM treatment of dementia in the future was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Di Giacomo S, Percaccio E, Gullì M, Romano A, Vitalone A, Mazzanti G, Gaetani S, Di Sotto A. Recent Advances in the Neuroprotective Properties of Ferulic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:3709. [PMID: 36145084 PMCID: PMC9503091 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter deficits, and neurodegeneration, which finally leads to neuronal death. Emerging evidence highlighted that hyperglycemia and brain insulin resistance represent risk factors for AD development, thus suggesting the existence of an additional AD form, associated with glucose metabolism impairment, named type 3 diabetes. Owing to the limited pharmacological options, novel strategies, especially dietary approaches based on the consumption of polyphenols, have been addressed to prevent or, at least, slow down AD progression. Among polyphenols, ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, widely distributed in nature, especially in cereal bran and fruits, and known to be endowed with many bioactivities, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic, thus suggesting it could be exploited as a possible novel neuroprotective strategy. Considering the importance of ferulic acid as a bioactive molecule and its widespread distribution in foods and medicinal plants, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an overview on the existing preclinical and clinical evidence about the neuroprotective properties and mechanisms of action of ferulic acid, also focusing on its ability to modulate glucose homeostasis, in order to support a further therapeutic interest for AD and type 3 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Hwang HJ, Lee SR, Yoon JG, Moon HR, Zhang J, Park E, Yoon SI, Cho JA. Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081448. [PMID: 35892649 PMCID: PMC9331426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier is the primary and most significant defense barrier against ingested toxins and pathogenic bacteria. When the intestinal epithelium barrier is breached, inflammatory response is triggered. GWAS data showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers are elevated in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, which suggests ER stress regulation might alleviate IBD symptoms. Ferulic acid (FA) is a polyphenol that is abundant in plants and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, although it is unclear whether FA has these effects on the intestine. Therefore, we investigated the effect of FA in vitro and in vivo. It was found that FA suppressed ER stress, nitric oxide (NO) generation, and inflammation in polarized Caco-2 and T84 cells, indicating that the ER stress pathway was implicated in its anti-inflammatory activities. The permeability of polarized Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased by FA, and MUC2 mRNA was overexpressed in the intestines of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with FA. These results suggest that FA has a protective effect on intestinal tight junctions. In addition, mouse intestine organoids proliferated significantly more in the presence of FA. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidant effects of FA and its protective benefits on the health of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - So Rok Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.R.L.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-R.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ju-Gyeong Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.R.L.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-R.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hye-Ri Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.R.L.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-R.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.R.L.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-R.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Eunmi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseung-daero, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Su-In Yoon
- Research Center for Microbiome-Brain Disorders, Chungnam University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jin Ah Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.R.L.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-R.M.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-6833
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Hong SW, Teesdale-Spittle P, Page R, Ellenbroek B, Truman P. Biologically Active Compounds Present in Tobacco Smoke: Potential Interactions Between Smoking and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885489. [PMID: 35557609 PMCID: PMC9087043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco dependence remains one of the major preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well over 8,000 compounds present in tobacco and tobacco smoke, but we do not know what effect, if any, many of them have on smokers. Major interest has been on nicotine, as well as on toxic and carcinogenic effects and several major and minor components of tobacco smoke responsible for the negative health effects of smoking have been elucidated. Smokers themselves report a variety of positive effects from smoking, including effects on depression, anxiety and mental acuity. Smoking has also been shown to have protective effects in Parkinson’s Disease. Are the subjective reports of a positive effect of smoking due to nicotine, of some other components of tobacco smoke, or are they a manifestation of the relief from nicotine withdrawal symptoms that smoking provides? This mini-review summarises what is currently known about the components of tobacco smoke with potential to have positive effects on smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Weon Hong
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart Ellenbroek
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Wang C, Zheng C. Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Model Therapeutic Interventions of Neurodegenerative Diseases Targeting Microbe-Host Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875349. [PMID: 35571084 PMCID: PMC9096141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from both clinical studies and animal models indicates the importance of the interaction between the gut microbiome and the brain in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Although how microbes modulate neurodegeneration is still mostly unclear, recent studies have started to probe into the mechanisms for the communication between microbes and hosts in NDs. In this review, we highlight the advantages of using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to disentangle the microbe-host interaction that regulates neurodegeneration. We summarize the microbial pro- and anti-neurodegenerative factors identified using the C. elegans ND models and the effects of many are confirmed in mouse models. Specifically, we focused on the role of bacterial amyloid proteins, such as curli, in promoting proteotoxicity and neurodegeneration by cross-seeding the aggregation of endogenous ND-related proteins, such as α-synuclein. Targeting bacterial amyloid production may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating NDs, and several compounds, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), were shown to suppress neurodegeneration at least partly by inhibiting curli production. Because bacterial amyloid fibrils contribute to biofilm formation, inhibition of amyloid production often leads to the disruption of biofilms. Interestingly, from a list of 59 compounds that showed neuroprotective effects in C. elegans and mouse ND models, we found that about half of them are known to inhibit bacterial growth or biofilm formation, suggesting a strong correlation between the neuroprotective and antibiofilm activities. Whether these potential therapeutics indeed protect neurons from proteotoxicity by inhibiting the cross-seeding between bacterial and human amyloid proteins awaits further investigations. Finally, we propose to screen the long list of antibiofilm agents, both FDA-approved drugs and novel compounds, for their neuroprotective effects and develop new pharmaceuticals that target the gut microbiome for the treatment of NDs. To this end, the C. elegans ND models can serve as a platform for fast, high-throughput, and low-cost drug screens that target the microbe-host interaction in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaogu Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Multiple Roles of Paeoniflorin in Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2464163. [PMID: 35449815 PMCID: PMC9017479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2464163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a geriatric disease with the morbidity and mortality continuing to grow, partly due to the aging of the world population. As one of the most common types of primary neurodegenerative dementia, it is mainly due to environmental, epigenetic, immunological, and genetic factors. Paeoniflorin (PF), the main component of paeony extract, plays a more and more important role in the prevention and treatment of AD, including regulating protein, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis, protecting glial cells, regulating neurotransmitters and related enzymes and receptors, and inhibiting or activating related signal pathways. This article summarizes the latest researches on the multiple effects and the mechanisms of PF in the treatment to cure AD, providing new insights and research basis for further clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of AD.
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Wang N, Tan Y, Zhou Q, Mao R, Yang Y. The impairment of the hippocampal neuro-vascular unit precedes changes in spatial cognition in naturally aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 776:136580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Perrone L, Valente M. The Emerging Role of Metabolism in Brain-Heart Axis: New Challenge for the Therapy and Prevention of Alzheimer Disease. May Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) Play a Role? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1652. [PMID: 34827650 PMCID: PMC8616009 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and up to now there is not an effective therapy to cure AD. In addition, AD onset occurs decades before the diagnosis, affecting the possibility to set up appropriate therapeutic strategies. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the effects of risk factors, such as cardiovascular diseases, in promoting AD. AD shows not only brain dysfunction, but also alterations in peripheral tissues/organs. Indeed, it exists a reciprocal connection between brain and heart, where cardiovascular alterations participate to AD as well as AD seem to promote cardiovascular dysfunction. In addition, metabolic dysfunction promotes both cardiovascular diseases and AD. In this review, we summarize the pathways involved in the regulation of the brain-heart axis and the effect of metabolism on these pathways. We also present the studies showing the role of the gut microbiota on the brain-heart axis. Herein, we propose recent evidences of the function of Thioredoxin Interacting protein (TXNIP) in mediating the role of metabolism on the brain-heart axis. TXNIP is a key regulator of metabolism at both cellular and body level and it exerts also a pathological function in several cardiovascular diseases as well as in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Xu H, Zhou Q, Liu B, Cheng KW, Chen F, Wang M. Neuroprotective Potential of Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L.) Polyphenols in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11554-11571. [PMID: 34551518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean contains various neuroprotective polyphenols, so it might be a healthy food for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention. Totally, 19 major phenolic compounds were quantified in mung bean, including 10 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids. After summarizing their contents and effective doses in rodent AD models, it was speculated that vitexin, isovitexin, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid might be the major bioactive compounds for mung bean-mediated neuroprotection. The mechanisms involved inhibition of β-amyloidogenesis, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, and promotion of autophagy and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. Notably, the neuroprotective phenolic profile in mung bean changed after germination, with decreased vitexin and isovitexin, and increased rutin, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin, and caffeic acid detected. However, only studies of individual phenolic compounds in mung bean are published at present. Hence, further studies are needed to elucidate the neuroprotective activities and mechanisms of extractions of mung bean seeds and sprouts, and the synergism between different phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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