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Johnson BB, Cosson MV, Tsansizi LI, Holmes TL, Gilmore T, Hampton K, Song OR, Vo NTN, Nasir A, Chabronova A, Denning C, Peffers MJ, Merry CLR, Whitelock J, Troeberg L, Rushworth SA, Bernardo AS, Smith JGW. Perlecan (HSPG2) promotes structural, contractile, and metabolic development of human cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113668. [PMID: 38198277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan similar to agrin, is key for extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation and stabilization. Although crucial for cardiac development, its role remains elusive. We show that perlecan expression increases as cardiomyocytes mature in vivo and during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). Perlecan-haploinsuffient hPSCs (HSPG2+/-) differentiate efficiently, but late-stage CMs have structural, contractile, metabolic, and ECM gene dysregulation. In keeping with this, late-stage HSPG2+/- hPSC-CMs have immature features, including reduced ⍺-actinin expression and increased glycolytic metabolism and proliferation. Moreover, perlecan-haploinsuffient engineered heart tissues have reduced tissue thickness and force generation. Conversely, hPSC-CMs grown on a perlecan-peptide substrate are enlarged and display increased nucleation, typical of hypertrophic growth. Together, perlecan appears to play the opposite role of agrin, promoting cellular maturation rather than hyperplasia and proliferation. Perlecan signaling is likely mediated via its binding to the dystroglycan complex. Targeting perlecan-dependent signaling may help reverse the phenotypic switch common to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Johnson
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Marie-Victoire Cosson
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenza I Tsansizi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terri L Holmes
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | - Katherine Hampton
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Ok-Ryul Song
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; High-Throughput Screening Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aishah Nasir
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alzbeta Chabronova
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Whitelock
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - James G W Smith
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
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2
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Cukier HN, Duarte CL, Laverde-Paz MJ, Simon SA, Van Booven DJ, Miyares AT, Whitehead PL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Adams LD, Carney RM, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Pericak-Vance MA, Griswold AJ, Dykxhoorn DM. An Alzheimer's disease risk variant in TTC3 modifies the actin cytoskeleton organization and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in iPSC-derived forebrain neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:182-195. [PMID: 37677864 PMCID: PMC10538380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A missense variant in the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3) gene (rs377155188, p.S1038C, NM_003316.4:c 0.3113C>G) was found to segregate with disease in a multigenerational family with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. This variant was introduced into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a cognitively intact individual using CRISPR genome editing, and the resulting isogenic pair of iPSC lines was differentiated into cortical neurons. Transcriptome analysis showed an enrichment for genes involved in axon guidance, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and GABAergic synapse. Functional analysis showed that the TTC3 p.S1038C iPSC-derived neuronal progenitor cells had altered 3-dimensional morphology and increased migration, while the corresponding neurons had longer neurites, increased branch points, and altered expression levels of synaptic proteins. Pharmacological treatment with small molecules that target the actin cytoskeleton could revert many of these cellular phenotypes, suggesting a central role for actin in mediating the cellular phenotypes associated with the TTC3 p.S1038C variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carolina L Duarte
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mayra J Laverde-Paz
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shaina A Simon
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Derek J Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda T Miyares
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; JJ Vance Memorial Summer Internship in Biological and Computational Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrice L Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Regina M Carney
- Mental Health & Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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3
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Pandit M, Akhtar MN, Sundaram S, Sahoo S, Manjunath LE, Eswarappa SM. Termination codon readthrough of NNAT mRNA regulates calcium-mediated neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105184. [PMID: 37611826 PMCID: PMC10506107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Termination codon readthrough (TCR) is a process in which ribosomes continue to translate an mRNA beyond a stop codon generating a C-terminally extended protein isoform. Here, we demonstrate TCR in mammalian NNAT mRNA, which encodes NNAT, a proteolipid important for neuronal differentiation. This is a programmed event driven by cis-acting RNA sequences present immediately upstream and downstream of the canonical stop codon and is negatively regulated by NONO, an RNA-binding protein known to promote neuronal differentiation. Unlike the canonical isoform NNAT, we determined that the TCR product (NNATx) does not show detectable interaction with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 Ca2+ pump, cannot increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, and therefore does not enhance neuronal differentiation in Neuro-2a cells. Additionally, an antisense oligonucleotide that targets a region downstream of the canonical stop codon reduced TCR of NNAT and enhanced the differentiation of Neuro-2a cells to cholinergic neurons. Furthermore, NNATx-deficient Neuro-2a cells, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, showed increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and enhanced neuronal differentiation. Overall, these results demonstrate regulation of neuronal differentiation by TCR of NNAT. Importantly, this process can be modulated using a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Pandit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Md Noor Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Susinder Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lekha E Manjunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep M Eswarappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Cukier HN, Duarte CL, Laverde-Paz MJ, Simon SA, Van Booven DJ, Miyares AT, Whitehead PL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Adams LD, Carney RM, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Pericak-Vance MA, Griswold AJ, Dykxhoorn DM. An Alzheimer's disease risk variant in TTC3 modifies the actin cytoskeleton organization and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in iPSC-derived forebrain neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542316. [PMID: 37292815 PMCID: PMC10246004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A missense variant in the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 ( TTC3 ) gene (rs377155188, p.S1038C, NM_003316.4:c.3113C>G) was found to segregate with disease in a multigenerational family with late onset Alzheimer's disease. This variant was introduced into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a cognitively intact individual using CRISPR genome editing and the resulting isogenic pair of iPSC lines were differentiated into cortical neurons. Transcriptome analysis showed an enrichment for genes involved in axon guidance, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and GABAergic synapse. Functional analysis showed that the TTC3 p.S1038C iPSC-derived neuronal progenitor cells had altered 3D morphology and increased migration, while the corresponding neurons had longer neurites, increased branch points, and altered expression levels of synaptic proteins. Pharmacological treatment with small molecules that target the actin cytoskeleton could revert many of these cellular phenotypes, suggesting a central role for actin in mediating the cellular phenotypes associated with the TTC3 p.S1038C variant. Highlights The AD risk variant TTC3 p.S1038C reduces the expression levels of TTC3 The variant modifies the expression of AD specific genes BACE1 , INPP5F , and UNC5C Neurons with the variant are enriched for genes in the PI3K-Akt pathwayiPSC-derived neurons with the alteration have increased neurite length and branchingThe variant interferes with actin cytoskeleton and is ameliorated by Cytochalasin D.
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5
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Choi KM, Ko CY, An SM, Cho SH, Rowland DJ, Kim JH, Fasoli A, Chaudhari AJ, Bers DM, Yoon JC. Regulation of beige adipocyte thermogenesis by the cold-repressed ER protein NNAT. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101679. [PMID: 36708951 PMCID: PMC9932177 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cold stimuli trigger the conversion of white adipose tissue into beige adipose tissue, which is capable of non-shivering thermogenesis. However, what process drives this activation of thermogenesis in beige fat is not well understood. Here, we examine the ER protein NNAT as a regulator of thermogenesis in adipose tissue. METHODS We investigated the regulation of adipose tissue NNAT expression in response to changes in ambient temperature. We also evaluated the functional role of NNAT in thermogenic regulation using Nnat null mice and primary adipocytes that lack or overexpress NNAT. RESULTS Cold exposure or treatment with a β3-adrenergic agonist reduces the expression of adipose tissue NNAT in mice. Genetic disruption of Nnat in mice enhances inguinal adipose tissue thermogenesis. Nnat null mice exhibit improved cold tolerance both in the presence and absence of UCP1. Gain-of-function studies indicate that ectopic expression of Nnat abolishes adrenergic receptor-mediated respiration in beige adipocytes. NNAT physically interacts with the ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in adipocytes and inhibits its activity, impairing Ca2+ transport and heat dissipation. We further demonstrate that NHLRC1, an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase implicated in proteasomal degradation of NNAT, is induced by cold exposure or β3-adrenergic stimulation, thus providing regulatory control at the protein level. This serves to link cold stimuli to NNAT degradation in adipose tissue, which in turn leads to enhanced SERCA activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study implicates NNAT in the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Christopher Y Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Douglas J Rowland
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jung Hak Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anna Fasoli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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6
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Yang CH, Fagnocchi L, Apostle S, Wegert V, Casaní-Galdón S, Landgraf K, Panzeri I, Dror E, Heyne S, Wörpel T, Chandler DP, Lu D, Yang T, Gibbons E, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Thomasen M, Grunnet LG, Vaag AA, Gillberg L, Grundberg E, Conesa A, Körner A, Pospisilik JA. Independent phenotypic plasticity axes define distinct obesity sub-types. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1150-1165. [PMID: 36097183 PMCID: PMC9499872 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies in genetically 'identical' individuals indicate that as much as 50% of complex trait variation cannot be traced to genetics or to the environment. The mechanisms that generate this 'unexplained' phenotypic variation (UPV) remain largely unknown. Here, we identify neuronatin (NNAT) as a conserved factor that buffers against UPV. We find that Nnat deficiency in isogenic mice triggers the emergence of a bi-stable polyphenism, where littermates emerge into adulthood either 'normal' or 'overgrown'. Mechanistically, this is mediated by an insulin-dependent overgrowth that arises from histone deacetylase (HDAC)-dependent β-cell hyperproliferation. A multi-dimensional analysis of monozygotic twin discordance reveals the existence of two patterns of human UPV, one of which (Type B) phenocopies the NNAT-buffered polyphenism identified in mice. Specifically, Type-B monozygotic co-twins exhibit coordinated increases in fat and lean mass across the body; decreased NNAT expression; increased HDAC-responsive gene signatures; and clinical outcomes linked to insulinemia. Critically, the Type-B UPV signature stratifies both childhood and adult cohorts into four metabolic states, including two phenotypically and molecularly distinct types of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Vanessa Wegert
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilaria Panzeri
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erez Dror
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Heyne
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Roche Diagnostics Deutschland, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Till Wörpel
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Di Lu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gibbons
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Martin Thomasen
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise G Grunnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linn Gillberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ana Conesa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Antje Körner
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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McIlwraith EK, Lieu CV, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A induces miR-708-5p through an ER stress-mediated mechanism altering neuronatin and neuropeptide Y expression in hypothalamic neuronal models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111480. [PMID: 34624438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that promotes obesity. It acts on the hypothalamus by increasing expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides, Npy and Agrp. Exactly how BPA dysregulates energy homeostasis is not completely clear. Since microRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as crucial weight regulators, the question of whether BPA could alter hypothalamic miRNA profiles was examined. Treatment of the mHypoA-59 cell line with 100 μM BPA altered a specific subset of miRNAs, and the most upregulated was miR-708-5p. BPA was found to increase the levels of miR-708-5p, and its parent gene Odz4, through the ER stress-related protein Chop. Overexpression of an miR-708-5p mimic resulted in a reduction of neuronatin, a proteolipid whose loss of expression is associated with obesity, and an increase in orexigenic Npy expression, thus potentially increasing feeding through converging regulatory pathways. Therefore, hypothalamic exposure to BPA can increase miR-708-5p that controls neuropeptides directly linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K McIlwraith
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Calvin V Lieu
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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8
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Ohlig S, Clavreul S, Thorwirth M, Simon-Ebert T, Bocchi R, Ulbricht S, Kannayian N, Rossner M, Sirko S, Smialowski P, Fischer-Sternjak J, Götz M. Molecular diversity of diencephalic astrocytes reveals adult astrogenesis regulated by Smad4. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107532. [PMID: 34549820 PMCID: PMC8561644 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate brain‐wide functions and also show region‐specific differences, but little is known about how general and region‐specific functions are aligned at the single‐cell level. To explore this, we isolated adult mouse diencephalic astrocytes by ACSA‐2‐mediated magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS). Single‐cell RNA‐seq revealed 7 gene expression clusters of astrocytes, with 4 forming a supercluster. Within the supercluster, cells differed by gene expression related to ion homeostasis or metabolism, with the former sharing gene expression with other regions and the latter being restricted to specific regions. All clusters showed expression of proliferation‐related genes, and proliferation of diencephalic astrocytes was confirmed by immunostaining. Clonal analysis demonstrated low level of astrogenesis in the adult diencephalon, but not in cerebral cortex grey matter. This led to the identification of Smad4 as a key regulator of diencephalic astrocyte in vivo proliferation and in vitro neurosphere formation. Thus, astrocytes show diverse gene expression states related to distinct functions with some subsets being more widespread while others are more regionally restricted. However, all share low‐level proliferation revealing the novel concept of adult astrogenesis in the diencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ohlig
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Solène Clavreul
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manja Thorwirth
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Simon-Ebert
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Bocchi
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Ulbricht
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nirmal Kannayian
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Rossner
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Smialowski
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence cluster of Systems Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Xing P, Hong L, Yan G, Tan B, Qiao J, Wang S, Li Z, JieYang, Zheng E, Cai G, Wu Z, Gu T. Neuronatin gene expression levels affect foetal growth and development by regulating glucose transport in porcine placenta. Gene 2021; 809:146051. [PMID: 34756962 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes play important regulatory roles in the growth and development of placentas and foetuses during pregnancy. In a previous study, we found that the imprinted gene Neuronatin (NNAT) is involved in foetal development; NNAT expression was significantly lower in the placentas of piglets that died neonatally compared to the placentas of surviving piglets. However, the function and mechanism of NNAT in regulating porcine placental development is still unknown. In this study, we collected the placentas of high- and low-weight foetuses at gestational day (GD 65, 90), (n = 4-5 litters/GD) to investigate the role of NNAT in regulating foetal growth and development. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of NNAT were significantly higher in the placentas of high-weight than low-weight foetuses. We then overexpressed NNAT in porcine placental trophoblast cell lines (pTr2) and demonstrated that NNAT activated the PI3K-AKT pathway, and further promoted the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and increased cellular calcium ion levels, which improved glucose transport in placental trophoblast cells in vitro. To conclude, our study suggests that NNAT expression impacts porcine foetal development by regulating placental glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - JieYang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Braun JL, Teng ACT, Geromella MS, Ryan CR, Fenech RK, MacPherson REK, Gramolini AO, Fajardo VA. Neuronatin promotes SERCA uncoupling and its expression is altered in skeletal muscles of high-fat diet-fed mice. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2756-2767. [PMID: 34693525 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) is a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum involved in metabolic regulation. It shares sequence homology with sarcolipin (SLN), which negatively regulates the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) that maintains energy homeostasis in muscles. Here, we examined whether NNAT could uncouple the Ca2+ transport activity of SERCA from ATP hydrolysis, similarly to SLN. NNAT significantly reduced Ca2+ uptake without altering SERCA activity, ultimately lowering the apparent coupling ratio of SERCA. This effect of NNAT was reversed by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. Furthermore, soleus muscles from high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed a significant downregulation in NNAT content compared with chow-fed mice, whereas an upregulation in NNAT content was observed in fast-twitch muscles from HFD- versus chow- fed mice. Therefore, NNAT is a SERCA uncoupler in cells and may function in adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Allen C T Teng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mia S Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Chantal R Ryan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Rachel K Fenech
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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11
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Childebayeva A, Goodrich JM, Chesterman N, Leon-Velarde F, Rivera-Ch M, Kiyamu M, Brutsaert TD, Bigham AW, Dolinoy DC. Blood lead levels in Peruvian adults are associated with proximity to mining and DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106587. [PMID: 33940396 PMCID: PMC9903334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic lead (Pb) is common in the environment, and is toxic to neurological, renal, and cardiovascular systems. Pb exposure influences the epigenome with documented effects on DNA methylation (DNAm). We assessed the impact of low levels of Pb exposure on DNAm among non-miner individuals from two locations in Peru: Lima, the capital, and Cerro de Pasco, a highland mining town, to study the effects of Pb exposure on physiological outcomes and DNAm. METHODS Pb levels were measured in whole blood (n = 305). Blood leukocyte DNAm was determined for 90 DNA samples using the Illumina MethylationEPIC chip. An epigenome-wide association study was performed to assess the relationship between Pb and DNAm. RESULTS Individuals from Cerro de Pasco had higher Pb than individuals from Lima (p-value = 2.00E-16). Males had higher Pb than females (p-value = 2.36E-04). Pb was positively associated with hemoglobin (p-value = 8.60E-04). In Cerro de Pasco, blood Pb decreased with the distance from the mine (p-value = 0.04), and association with soil Pb was approaching significance (p-value = 0.08). We identified differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with genes SOX18, ZMIZ1, and KDM1A linked to neurological function. We also found 45 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), seven of which were associated with genes involved in metal ion binding and nine to neurological function and development. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that even low levels of Pb can have a significant impact on the body including changes to DNAm. We report associations between Pb and hemoglobin, Pb and distance from mining, and between blood and soil Pb. We also report associations between loci- and region-specific DNAm and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nathan Chesterman
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fabiola Leon-Velarde
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Rivera-Ch
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melisa Kiyamu
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Tom D Brutsaert
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Abigail W Bigham
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Cimino I, Rimmington D, Tung YCL, Lawler K, Larraufie P, Kay RG, Virtue S, Lam BYH, Fagnocchi L, Ma MKL, Saudek V, Zvetkova I, Vidal-Puig A, Yeo GSH, Farooqi IS, Pospisilik JA, Gribble FM, Reimann F, O'Rahilly S, Coll AP. Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17571. [PMID: 34475432 PMCID: PMC8413370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/-p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/-p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/-p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/-p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/-p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/-p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Debra Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Y C Loraine Tung
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust‑MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Richard G Kay
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marcella K L Ma
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust‑MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Anthony P Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK.
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13
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Pieper W, Ignatov A, Kalinski T, Haybaeck J, Czapiewski P, Nass N. The predictive potential of Neuronatin for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:161-173. [PMID: 34092612 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (NNAT) determined by immunohistochemistry is a negative prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, independent of the major clinicopathological markers. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether NNAT is also a predictive biomarker for pathological remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS One hundred and four breast cancer patients, treated with systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. NNAT was detected in formaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded primary cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry and an immuno-reactive score (IRS) determined. Pathological remission was scored according to Sinn and by evaluation of cytopathic effects. NNAT-IRS was correlated with clinicopathological parameters as well as relapse free and overall survival and for pathological remission after neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS NNAT IRS was an independent prognostic marker for relapse free and overall survival and the time from diagnosis to the "tumor-free" state. NNAT IRS was associated with Luminal-A tumors and correlated slightly negative with age and lymph-node metastasis. There was no significant correlation of NNAT-IRS with Sinn's remission score, but with cytopathic effects of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the prognostic impact of NNAT-IRS in an independent cohort of neoadjuvantly treated patients. Additionally, a correlation with a score for pathological remission under systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Pieper
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine I, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Inglis A, Ubungen R, Farooq S, Mata P, Thiam J, Saleh S, Shibin S, Al-Mohanna FA, Collison KS. Strain-based and sex-biased differences in adrenal and pancreatic gene expression between KK/HlJ and C57BL/6 J mice. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:180. [PMID: 33711921 PMCID: PMC7953684 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ever-increasing prevalence of diabetes and associated comorbidities serves to highlight the necessity of biologically relevant small-animal models to investigate its etiology, pathology and treatment. Although the C57BL/6 J model is amongst the most widely used mouse model due to its susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO), there are a number of limitations namely [1] that unambiguous fasting hyperglycemia can only be achieved via dietary manipulation and/or chemical ablation of the pancreatic beta cells. [2] Heterogeneity in the obesogenic effects of hypercaloric feeding has been noted, together with sex-dependent differences, with males being more responsive. The KK mouse strain has been used to study aspects of the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes. We recently conducted a study which characterized the differences in male and female glucocentric parameters between the KK/HlJ and C57BL/6 J strains as well as diabetes-related behavioral differences (Inglis et al. 2019). In the present study, we further characterize these models by examining strain- and sex-dependent differences in pancreatic and adrenal gene expression using Affymetrix microarray together with endocrine-associated serum analysis. Results In addition to strain-associated differences in insulin tolerance, we found significant elevations in KK/HlJ mouse serum leptin, insulin and aldosterone. Additionally, glucagon and corticosterone were elevated in female mice of both strains. Using 2-factor ANOVA and a significance level set at 0.05, we identified 10,269 pancreatic and 10,338 adrenal genes with an intensity cut-off of ≥2.0 for all 4 experimental groups. In the pancreas, gene expression upregulated in the KK/HlJ strain related to increased insulin secretory granule biofunction and pancreatic hyperplasia, whereas ontology of upregulated adrenal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cell signaling and neurotransmission. We established a network of functionally related DEGs commonly upregulated in both endocrine tissues of KK/HlJ mice which included the genes coding for endocrine secretory vesicle biogenesis and regulation: PCSK2, PCSK1N, SCG5, PTPRN, CHGB and APLP1. We also identified genes with sex-biased expression common to both strains and tissues including the paternally expressed imprint gene neuronatin. Conclusion Our novel results have further characterized the commonalities and diversities of pancreatic and adrenal gene expression between the KK/HlJ and C57BL/6 J strains as well as differences in serum markers of endocrine physiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07495-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Inglis
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosario Ubungen
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Farooq
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Princess Mata
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer Thiam
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Saleh
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Shibin
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan A Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kate S Collison
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Jin L, Chen Y, Crossman DK, Datta A, Vu T, Mobley JA, Basu MK, Scarduzio M, Wang H, Chang C, Datta PK. STRAP regulates alternative splicing fidelity during lineage commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5941. [PMID: 33230114 PMCID: PMC7684319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is involved in cell fate decisions and embryonic development. However, regulation of these processes is poorly understood. Here, we have identified the serine threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP) as a putative spliceosome-associated factor. Upon Strap deletion, there are numerous AS events observed in mouse embryoid bodies (EBs) undergoing a neuroectoderm-like state. Global mapping of STRAP-RNA binding in mouse embryos by enhanced-CLIP sequencing (eCLIP-seq) reveals that STRAP preferably targets transcripts for nervous system development and regulates AS through preferred binding positions, as demonstrated for two neuronal-specific genes, Nnat and Mark3. We have found that STRAP involves in the assembly of 17S U2 snRNP proteins. Moreover, in Xenopus, loss of Strap leads to impeded lineage differentiation in embryos, delayed neural tube closure, and altered exon skipping. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown function of STRAP in mediating the splicing networks of lineage commitment, alteration of which may be involved in early embryonic lethality in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Arunima Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mariangela Scarduzio
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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16
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Braun JL, Geromella MS, Hamstra SI, Fajardo VA. Neuronatin regulates whole-body metabolism: is thermogenesis involved? FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:579-586. [PMID: 33089074 PMCID: PMC7566048 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was originally discovered in 1995 and labeled as a brain developmental gene due to its abundant expression in developing brains. Over the past 25 years, researchers have uncovered NNAT in other tissues; notably, the hypothalamus, pancreatic β‐cells, and adipocytes. Recent evidence in these tissues indicates that NNAT plays a significant role in metabolism whereby it regulates food intake, insulin secretion, and adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, genetic deletion of Nnat in mice lowers whole‐body energy expenditure and increases susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity and glucose intolerance; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Based on its sequence homology with phospholamban, NNAT has a purported role in regulating the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump. However, NNAT also shares sequence homology with sarcolipin, which has the unique property of uncoupling the SERCA pump, increasing whole‐body energy expenditure and thus promoting adaptive thermogenesis in states of caloric excess or cold exposure. Thus, in this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggestive of NNAT’s role in whole‐body metabolic regulation, while highlighting its potential to mediate adaptive thermogenesis via SERCA uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Neuroscience Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
| | - Mia S Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
| | - Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Neuroscience Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
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Morin-Doré L, Blondin P, Vigneault C, Grand FX, Labrecque R, Sirard MA. DNA methylation status of bovine blastocysts obtained from peripubertal oocyte donors. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:910-924. [PMID: 32677283 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the dairy industry, the high selection pressure combined with the increased efficiency of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are leading toward the use of younger females for reproduction purposes, with the aim to reduce the interval between generations. This situation could impair embryo quality, decreasing the success rate of the ART procedures and the values of resulting offspring. Young Holstein heifers (n = 10) were subjected to ovarian stimulation and oocyte collection at 8, 11, and 14 months of age. All the oocytes were fertilized in vitro with semen from one adult bull, generating three pools of embryos per animal. Each animal was its own control for the evaluation of the effects of age. The EmbryoGENE platform was used to compare the DNA methylation status of blastocysts obtained from oocytes collected at 8 versus 14 and 11 versus 14 months of age. Age-related contrast analysis identified 5,787 and 3,658 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in blastocysts from heifers at 8 versus 14 and 11 versus 14 months of age, respectively. For both contrasts, the DMRs were distributed nonrandomly in the different DNA regions. The DNA from embryos from 8-month-old donors was more hypermethylated, while the DNA from embryos from 11-month-old donors displayed an intermediate phenotype. According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the upstream regulator genes cellular tumor antigen p53, transforming growth factor β1, tumor necrosis factor, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α are particularly associated with methylation sensitive targets, which were more hypermethylated in embryos from younger donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Morin-Doré
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc-André Sirard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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18
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Kanno N, Fujiwara K, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. Dynamic Changes in the Localization of Neuronatin-Positive Cells during Neurogenesis in the Embryonic Rat Brain. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:127-137. [DOI: 10.1159/000504359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was first identified as a gene selectively and abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the newborn mouse brain, and involved in neonatal neurogenesis. However, the particular roles of NNAT in the developing prenatal brain have not been identified, especially in mid to late stages. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of NNAT and SOX2 proteins, a nuclear transcription factor and neural stem/progenitor marker, in the rat brain on embryonic days 13.5, E16.5, and E20.5. NNAT signals were broadly observed across the developing brain on E13.5 and gradually more localized in later stages, eventually concentrated in the alar and basal parts of the terminal hypothalamus, the alar plate of prosomere 2 of the thalamus, and the choroid plexus in the lateral and fourth ventricles on E20.5. In particular, the mammillary body in the basal part of the terminal hypothalamus, a region with a high number of SOX2-positive cells, evidenced intense NNAT signals on E20.5. The intracellular localization of NNAT showed diverse profiles, suggesting that NNAT was involved in various cellular functions, such as cell differentiation and functional maintenance, during prenatal neurogenesis in the rat brain. Thus, the present observations suggested diverse and active roles of the NNAT protein in neurogenesis. Determining the function of this molecule may assist in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in brain development.
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19
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Kanno N, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:495-509. [PMID: 30869556 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419836433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex-determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT-positive cells and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, tongue, whisker hair follicle, and testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NNAT was localized in undifferentiated cells (i.e., epithelial basal cells and basement cells in the papillae of the tongue and round and elongated spermatids of the testis) as well as in differentiated cells (insulin-positive cells and exocrine cells of the pancreas, taste receptor cells of the fungiform papilla, the inner root sheath of whisker hair follicles, and spermatozoa). In addition, NNAT exhibited novel intracellular localization in acrosomes in the spermatozoa. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is excluded from spermatozoa and sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) is absent from the inner root sheath, these findings suggested that NNAT localization in the ER and its interaction with SERCA2 are cell- or tissue-specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Vatsa N, Kumar V, Singh BK, Kumar SS, Sharma A, Jana NR. Down-Regulation of miRNA-708 Promotes Aberrant Calcium Signaling by Targeting Neuronatin in a Mouse Model of Angelman Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:35. [PMID: 30814928 PMCID: PMC6381399 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of ubiquitin ligase UBE3A is paternally imprinted in neurons and loss of function of maternally inherited UBE3A causes Angelman syndrome (AS), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability and motor disturbances. Over activation of UBE3A is also linked with autism. Mice deficient for maternal Ube3a (AS mice) exhibit various behavioral features of AS including cognitive and motor deficits although the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated possible involvement of miRNA in AS pathogenesis and identified miR-708 as one of the down-regulated miRNA in the brain of AS mice. This miR-708 targets endoplasmic reticulum resident protein neuronatin (a developmentally regulated protein in the brain) leading to decrease in intracellular Ca2+. Suppression of miR-708 or ectopic expression of neuronatin increased the level of intracellular Ca2+ and phosphorylation of CaMKIIα at Thr286. Neuronatin level was significantly increased in various brain regions of AS mice during embryonic and early postnatal days as well as in parvalbumin-positive GABAergic neurons during adulthood with respect to age-matched wild type controls. Differentiated cultured primary cortical neurons obtained from AS mice brain also exhibited higher expression of neuronatin, increased intracellular basal Ca2+ along with augmented phosphorylation of CaMKIIα at Thr286. These results indicate that miR-708/neuronatin mediated aberrant calcium signaling might be implicated in AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Vatsa
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Vipendra Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.,School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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21
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Millership SJ, Da Silva Xavier G, Choudhury AI, Bertazzo S, Chabosseau P, Pedroni SM, Irvine EE, Montoya A, Faull P, Taylor WR, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Ferrer J, Christian M, John RM, Latreille M, Liu M, Rutter GA, Scott J, Withers DJ. Neuronatin regulates pancreatic β cell insulin content and secretion. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3369-3381. [PMID: 29864031 PMCID: PMC6063487 DOI: 10.1172/jci120115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) is an imprinted gene implicated in human obesity and widely expressed in neuroendocrine and metabolic tissues in a hormone- and nutrient-sensitive manner. However, its molecular and cellular functions and precise role in organismal physiology remain only partly defined. Here we demonstrate that mice lacking Nnat globally or specifically in β cells display impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion leading to defective glucose handling under conditions of nutrient excess. In contrast, we report no evidence for any feeding or body weight phenotypes in global Nnat-null mice. At the molecular level neuronatin augments insulin signal peptide cleavage by binding to the signal peptidase complex and facilitates translocation of the nascent preprohormone. Loss of neuronatin expression in β cells therefore reduces insulin content and blunts glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Nnat expression, in turn, is glucose-regulated. This mechanism therefore represents a novel site of nutrient-sensitive control of β cell function and whole-animal glucose homeostasis. These data also suggest a potential wider role for Nnat in the regulation of metabolism through the modulation of peptide processing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia M.A. Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine E. Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Montoya
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Faull
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - William R. Taylor
- Computational Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, INSERM, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, INSERM, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. John
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J. Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Schartner C, Scholz CJ, Weber H, Post A, Freudenberg F, Grünewald L, Reif A. The regulation of tetraspanin 8 gene expression-A potential new mechanism in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:740-750. [PMID: 28777493 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we identified the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4500567, located in the upstream region of tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8), to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Due to its proximal position, the SNP might have an impact on promoter activity, thus on TSPAN8 gene expression. We investigated the impact of rs4500567 on TSPAN8 expression in vitro with luciferase-based promoter assays in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), and its effect on expression of downstream associated genes by microarray-based transcriptome analyses. Immunohistochemical localization studies on murine brain slices served to identify possible target regions of altered TSPAN8 expression in the brain. Promoter assays revealed decreased TSPAN8 expression in presence of the minor allele. Transcriptome analyses of TSPAN8-knockdown cells, mirroring the effects of putatively reduced TSPAN8 expression in minor allele carriers, resulted in 231 differentially expressed genes with enrichments of relevant signaling pathways for psychiatric disorders and neuronal development. Finally, we demonstrate Tspan8 abundance in mouse cerebellum and hippocampus. These findings point to a role of TSPAN8 in neuronal function or development. Considering a rather protective effect of the minor allele of rs4500567, our findings reveal a possible novel mechanism that contributes to the development of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schartner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonia Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena Grünewald
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Pardo J, Abba MC, Lacunza E, Ogundele OM, Paiva I, Morel GR, Outeiro TF, Goya RG. IGF-I Gene Therapy in Aging Rats Modulates Hippocampal Genes Relevant to Memory Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Pardo
- INIBIOLP-Histology B-Pathology B, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martin C Abba
- CINIBA, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lacunza
- CINIBA, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Olalekan M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo R Morel
- INIBIOLP-Histology B-Pathology B, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodolfo G Goya
- INIBIOLP-Histology B-Pathology B, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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24
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Pitale PM, Howse W, Gorbatyuk M. Neuronatin Protein in Health and Disease. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:477-481. [PMID: 27442611 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was first identified as a brain-specific gene crucial for brain development. Over the years, NNAT has been studied in different developing and post-developed tissues and organs. While NNAT manifests functional and structural similarities to the phospholamban gene, its physiological and pathological roles in healthy and diseased tissues have not been precisely identified. Ca2+ signaling, glucose transport, insulin secretion, and inflammation modulated at different pathological conditions have been proposed to be governed by NNAT. This review describes the current findings of cellular molecular pathways known to be modified concomitantly with an alteration in NNAT expression, and it highlights the need to conduct extensive investigation regarding the role of NNAT in health and disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 477-481, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada M Pitale
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wayne Howse
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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25
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Shinde V, Pitale PM, Howse W, Gorbatyuk O, Gorbatyuk M. Neuronatin is a stress-responsive protein of rod photoreceptors. Neuroscience 2016; 328:1-8. [PMID: 27109921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) is a small transmembrane proteolipid that is highly expressed in the embryonic developing brain and several other peripheral tissues. This study is the first to provide evidence that NNAT is detected in the adult retina of various adult rod-dominant mammals, including wild-type (WT) rodents, transgenic rodents expressing mutant S334ter, P23H, or T17M rhodopsin, non-human primates, humans, and cone-dominant tree shrews. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were applied to detect NNAT. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that NNAT immunofluorescence is restricted to the outer segments (OSs) of photoreceptors without evidence of staining in other retinal cell types across all mammalian species. Moreover, in tree shrew retinas, we found NNAT to be co-localized with rhodopsin, indicating its predominant expression in rods. The rod-derived expression of NNAT was further confirmed by qRT-PCR in isolated rod photoreceptor cells. We also used these cells to mimic cellular stress in transgenic retinas by treating them with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, tunicamycin. Thus, our data revealed accumulation of NNAT around the nucleus as compared to dispersed localization of NNAT within control cells. This distribution coincided with the partial intracellular mislocalization of NNAT to the outer nuclear layer observed in transgenic retinas. In addition, stressed retinas demonstrated an increase of NNAT mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, our study demonstrated that NNAT is a novel stress-responsive protein with a potential structural and/or functional role in adult mammalian retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Shinde
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Priyamvada M Pitale
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Wayne Howse
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Oleg Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, United States.
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26
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Chen X, Wang T, Lv Q, Wang A, Ouyang H, Li Z. DNA methylation-mediated silencing of neuronatin (NNAT) in pig parthenogenetic fetuses. Gene 2014; 552:204-8. [PMID: 25240791 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is generally believed that aberrant expression of imprinted genes participates in growth retardation of mammalian parthenogenesis. Neuronatin (NNAT), a paternally expressed gene, plays important roles in neuronal growth and metabolic regulation. Here we have compared the gene expression and promoter methylation pattern of NNAT between pig normally fertilized (Con) and parthenogenetic (PA) embryos. The results showed loss of NNAT expression (p<0.001) and hypermethylation of NNAT promoter in PA samples. Additionally, partial methylation was observed in Con fetuses, while almost full methylation and unmethylation of NNAT promoter were apparent in Metaphase II (MII) oocytes and mature sperms, respectively, which identified the CpG promoter region as a putative differentially methylated region (DMR) of NNAT. The data demonstrate that promoter hypermethylation is associated with the silencing of NNAT in pig PA fetuses, which may be related to developmental failure of pig parthenogenesis at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tiedong Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Anfeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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27
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Dugu L, Nakahara T, Wu Z, Uchi H, Liu M, Hirano K, Yokomizo T, Furue M. Neuronatin is related to keratinocyte differentiation by up-regulating involucrin. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Renner M, Wolf T, Meyer H, Hartmann W, Penzel R, Ulrich A, Lehner B, Hovestadt V, Czwan E, Egerer G, Schmitt T, Alldinger I, Renker EK, Ehemann V, Eils R, Wardelmann E, Büttner R, Lichter P, Brors B, Schirmacher P, Mechtersheimer G. Integrative DNA methylation and gene expression analysis in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Genome Biol 2013; 14:r137. [PMID: 24345474 PMCID: PMC4054884 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-12-r137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous, complex group of aggressive malignant tumors showing mesenchymal differentiation. Recently, soft tissue sarcomas have increasingly been classified on the basis of underlying genetic alterations; however, the role of aberrant DNA methylation in these tumors is not well understood and, consequently, the usefulness of methylation-based classification is unclear. Results We used the Infinium HumanMethylation27 platform to profile DNA methylation in 80 primary, untreated high-grade soft tissue sarcomas, representing eight relevant subtypes, two non-neoplastic fat samples and 14 representative sarcoma cell lines. The primary samples were partitioned into seven stable clusters. A classification algorithm identified 216 CpG sites, mapping to 246 genes, showing different degrees of DNA methylation between these seven groups. The differences between the clusters were best represented by a set of eight CpG sites located in the genes SPEG, NNAT, FBLN2, PYROXD2, ZNF217, COL14A1, DMRT2 and CDKN2A. By integrating DNA methylation and mRNA expression data, we identified 27 genes showing negative and three genes showing positive correlation. Compared with non-neoplastic fat, NNAT showed DNA hypomethylation and inverse gene expression in myxoid liposarcomas, and DNA hypermethylation and inverse gene expression in dedifferentiated and pleomorphic liposarcomas. Recovery of NNAT in a hypermethylated myxoid liposarcoma cell line decreased cell migration and viability. Conclusions Our analysis represents the first comprehensive integration of DNA methylation and transcriptional data in primary high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. We propose novel biomarkers and genes relevant for pathogenesis, including NNAT as a potential tumor suppressor in myxoid liposarcomas.
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Neuronatin gene: Imprinted and misfolded: Studies in Lafora disease, diabetes and cancer may implicate NNAT-aggregates as a common downstream participant in neuronal loss. Genomics 2013; 103:183-8. [PMID: 24345642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved mammalian gene involved in brain development. Its mRNA isoforms, chromosomal location, genomic DNA structure and regulation have been characterized. More recently there has been rapid progress in the understanding of its function in physiology and human disease. In particular there is fairly direct evidence implicating neuronatin in the causation of Lafora disease and diabetes. Neuronatin protein has a strong predisposition to misfold and form cellular aggregates that cause cell death by apoptosis. Aggregation of Neuronatin within cortical neurons and resulting cell death is the hallmark of Lafora disease, a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Under high glucose conditions simulating diabetes, neuronatin protein also accumulates and destroys pancreatic beta cells. The neuronatin gene is imprinted and only the paternal allele is normally expressed in the adult. However, changes in DNA methylation may cause the maternal allele to lose imprinting and trigger cell proliferation and metastasis. Neuronatin has also been shown to be translated peripherally within the dendrites of neurons, a finding of relevance in synaptic plasticity. The current understanding of the function of neuronatin raises the possibility that this gene may participate in the common downstream mechanisms associated with aberrant neuronal growth and death. A better understanding of these mechanisms may open new therapeutic targets to help modify the progression of devastating neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and anterior horn cell disease.
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Juárez-Méndez S, Zentella-Dehesa A, Villegas-Ruíz V, Pérez-González OA, Salcedo M, López-Romero R, Román-Basaure E, Lazos-Ochoa M, Montes de Oca-Fuentes VE, Vázquez-Ortiz G, Moreno J. Splice variants of zinc finger protein 695 mRNA associated to ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:61. [PMID: 24007497 PMCID: PMC3847372 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of alternative mRNA splicing (AS) in health and disease have yet to yield the complete picture of protein diversity and its role in physiology and pathology. Some forms of cancer appear to be associated to certain alternative mRNA splice variants, but their role in the cancer development and outcome is unclear. Methods We examined AS profiles by means of whole genome exon expression microarrays (Affymetrix GeneChip 1.0) in ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer-derived cell lines, compared to healthy ovarian tissue. Alternatively spliced genes expressed predominantly in ovarian tumors and cell lines were confirmed by RT-PCR. Results Among several significantly overexpressed AS genes in malignant ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer cell lines, the most significant one was that of the zinc finger protein ZNF695, with two previously unknown mRNA splice variants identified in ovarian tumors and cell lines. The identity of ZNF695 AS variants was confirmed by cloning and sequencing of the amplicons obtained from ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines. Conclusions Alternative ZNF695 mRNA splicing could be a marker of ovarian cancer with possible implications on its pathogenesis.
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Differential pre-mRNA splicing regulates Nnat isoforms in the hypothalamus after gastric bypass surgery in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59407. [PMID: 23527188 PMCID: PMC3603916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronatin (NNAT) is an endoplasmic reticulum proteolipid implicated in intracellular signalling. Nnat is highly-expressed in the hypothalamus, where it is acutely regulated by nutrients and leptin. Nnat pre-mRNA is differentially spliced to create Nnat-α and -β isoforms. Genetic variation of NNAT is associated with severe obesity. Currently, little is known about the long-term regulation of Nnat. Methods Expression of Nnat isoforms were examined in the hypothalamus of mice in response to acute fast/feed, chronic caloric restriction, diet-induced obesity and modified gastric bypass surgery. Nnat expression was assessed in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tissues. RTqPCR was used to determine isoform-specific expression of Nnat mRNA. Results Hypothalamic expression of both Nnat isoforms was comparably decreased by overnight and 24-h fasting. Nnat expression was unaltered in diet-induced obesity, or subsequent switch to a calorie restricted diet. Nnat isoforms showed differential expression in the hypothalamus but not brainstem after bypass surgery. Hypothalamic Nnat-β expression was significantly reduced after bypass compared with sham surgery (P = 0.003), and was positively correlated with post-operative weight-loss (R2 = 0.38, P = 0.01). In contrast, Nnat-α expression was not suppressed after bypass surgery (P = 0.19), and expression did not correlate with reduction in weight after surgery (R2 = 0.06, P = 0.34). Hypothalamic expression of Nnat-β correlated weakly with circulating leptin, but neither isoform correlated with fasting gut hormone levels post- surgery. Nnat expression was detected in brainstem, brown-adipose tissue, stomach and small intestine. Conclusions Nnat expression in hypothalamus is regulated by short-term nutrient availability, but unaltered by diet-induced obesity or calorie restriction. While Nnat isoforms in the hypothalamus are co-ordinately regulated by acute nutrient supply, after modified gastric bypass surgery Nnat isoforms show differential expression. These results raise the possibility that in the radically altered nutrient and hormonal milieu created by bypass surgery, resultant differential splicing of Nnat pre-mRNA may contribute to weight-loss.
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Sharma J, Mukherjee D, Rao SNR, Iyengar S, Shankar SK, Satishchandra P, Jana NR. Neuronatin-mediated aberrant calcium signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress underlie neuropathology in Lafora disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9482-90. [PMID: 23408434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is a teenage-onset inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by the accumulations of intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused by mutations in protein phosphatase laforin or ubiquitin ligase malin. But how the loss of function of either laforin or malin causes disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, neuronatin was identified as a novel substrate of malin that regulates glycogen synthesis. Here we demonstrate that the level of neuronatin is significantly up-regulated in the skin biopsy sample of LD patients having mutations in both malin and laforin. Neuronatin is highly expressed in human fetal brain with gradual decrease in expression in developing and adult brain. However, in adult brain, neuronatin is predominantly expressed in parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and localized in their processes. The level of neuronatin is increased and accumulated as insoluble aggregates in the cortical area of LD brain biopsy samples, and there is also a dramatic loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. Ectopic expression of neuronatin in cultured neuronal cells results in increased intracellular Ca(2+), endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasomal dysfunction, and cell death that can be partially rescued by malin. These findings suggest that the neuronatin-induced aberrant Ca(2+) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress might underlie LD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
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Oyang EL, Davidson BC, Lee W, Poon MM. Functional characterization of the dendritically localized mRNA neuronatin in hippocampal neurons. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24879. [PMID: 21935485 PMCID: PMC3173491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local translation of dendritic mRNAs plays an important role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Although several hundred putative dendritic transcripts have been identified in the hippocampus, relatively few have been verified by in situ hybridization and thus remain uncharacterized. One such transcript encodes the protein neuronatin. Neuronatin has been shown to regulate calcium levels in non-neuronal cells such as pancreatic or embryonic stem cells, but its function in mature neurons remains unclear. Here we report that neuronatin is translated in hippocampal dendrites in response to blockade of action potentials and NMDA-receptor dependent synaptic transmission by TTX and APV. Our study also reveals that neuronatin can adjust dendritic calcium levels by regulating intracellular calcium storage. We propose that neuronatin may impact synaptic plasticity by modulating dendritic calcium levels during homeostatic plasticity, thereby potentially regulating neuronal excitability, receptor trafficking, and calcium dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L. Oyang
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, Untied States of America
| | - Bonnie C. Davidson
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, Untied States of America
| | - Winfong Lee
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, Untied States of America
| | - Michael M. Poon
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, Untied States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sharma J, Rao SNR, Shankar SK, Satishchandra P, Jana NR. Lafora disease ubiquitin ligase malin promotes proteasomal degradation of neuronatin and regulates glycogen synthesis. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 44:133-41. [PMID: 21742036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is the inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by mutations in either EPM2A gene, encoding the protein phosphatase laforin or the NHLRC1 gene, encoding the ubiquitin ligase malin. Since malin is an ubiquitin ligase and its mutations cause LD, it is hypothesized that improper clearance of its substrates might lead to LD pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that neuronatin is a novel substrate of malin. Malin interacts with neuronatin and enhances its degradation through proteasome. Interestingly, neuronatin is an aggregate prone protein, forms aggresome upon inhibition of cellular proteasome function and malin recruited to those aggresomes. Neuronatin is found to stimulate the glycogen synthesis through the activation of glycogen synthase and malin prevents neuronatin-induced glycogen synthesis. Several LD-associated mutants of malin are ineffective in the degradation of neuronatin and suppression of neuronatin-induced glycogen synthesis. Finally, we demonstrate the increased levels of neuronatin in the skin biopsy sample of LD patients. Overall, our results indicate that malin negatively regulates neuronatin and its loss of function in LD results in increased accumulation of neuronatin, which might be implicated in the formation of Lafora body or other aspect of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon-122 050, India
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Dugu L, Takahara M, Tsuji G, Iwashita Y, Liu X, Furue M. Abundant expression of neuronatin in normal eccrine, apocrine and sebaceous glands and their neoplasms. J Dermatol 2011; 37:846-8. [PMID: 20883377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lin HH, Bell E, Uwanogho D, Perfect LW, Noristani H, Bates TJD, Snetkov V, Price J, Sun YM. Neuronatin promotes neural lineage in ESCs via Ca(2+) signaling. Stem Cells 2010; 28:1950-60. [PMID: 20872847 PMCID: PMC3003906 DOI: 10.1002/stem.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural induction is the first step in the formation of the vertebrate central nervous system. The emerging consensus of the mechanisms underlying neural induction is the combined influences from inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and activating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/Erk signaling, which act extrinsically via either autocrine or paracrine fashions. However, do intrinsic forces (cues) exist and do they play decisive roles in neural induction? These questions remain to be answered. Here, we have identified a novel neural initiator, neuronatin (Nnat), which acts as an intrinsic factor to promote neural fate in mammals and Xenopus. ESCs lacking this intrinsic factor fail to undergo neural induction despite the inhibition of the BMP pathway. We show that Nnat initiates neural induction in ESCs through increasing intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ](i)) by antagonizing Ca(2+) -ATPase isoform 2 (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase isoform 2) in the endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn increases the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and inhibits the BMP4 pathway and leads to neural induction in conjunction with FGF/Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hwai Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Esther Bell
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, Guy's CampusLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Dafe Uwanogho
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Leo W Perfect
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Harun Noristani
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas J D Bates
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, Guy's CampusLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Snetkov
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Price
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yuh-Man Sun
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour LondonUnited Kingdom
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Vrang N, Meyre D, Froguel P, Jelsing J, Tang-Christensen M, Vatin V, Mikkelsen JD, Thirstrup K, Larsen LK, Cullberg KB, Fahrenkrug J, Jacobson P, Sjöström L, Carlsson LMS, Liu Y, Liu X, Deng HW, Larsen PJ. The imprinted gene neuronatin is regulated by metabolic status and associated with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1289-96. [PMID: 19851307 PMCID: PMC2921166 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using restriction fragment differential display (RFDD) technology, we have identified the imprinted gene neuronatin (Nnat) as a hypothalamic target under the influence of leptin. Nnat mRNA expression is decreased in several key appetite regulatory hypothalamic nuclei in rodents with impaired leptin signaling and during fasting conditions. Furthermore, peripheral administration of leptin to ob/ob mice normalizes hypothalamic Nnat expression. Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of human and rat hypothalami demonstrates that NNAT protein is present in anatomically equivalent nuclei, suggesting human physiological relevance of the gene product(s). A putative role of Nnat in human energy homeostasis is further emphasized by a consistent association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human Nnat gene and severe childhood and adult obesity.
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Chen KH, Yang CH, Cheng JT, Wu CH, Sy WD, Lin CR. Altered neuronatin expression in the rat dorsal root ganglion after sciatic nerve transection. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17:41. [PMID: 20509861 PMCID: PMC2894761 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecular changes occur following axotomy, such as gene up-regulation and down-regulation. In our previous study using Affymetrix arrays, it was found that after the axotomy of sciatic nerve, there were many novel genes with significant expression changes. Among them, neuronatin (Nnat) was the one which expression was significantly up-regulated. Nnat was identified as a gene selectively expressed in neonatal brains and markedly reduced in adult brains. The present study investigated whether the expression of Nnat correlates with symptoms of neuropathic pain in adult rats with transected sciatic nerve. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and the Randall and Selitto test were used to study the protein content, and subcellular localization of Nnat in correlation with pain-related animal behavior. RESULTS It was found that after nerve injury, the expression of Nnat was increased in total protein extracts. Unmyelinated C-fiber and thinly myelinated A-delta fiber in adult dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were the principal sub-population of primary afferent neurons with distributed Nnat. The increased expression of Nnat and its subcellular localization were related to mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that there was significant correlation between mechanical hyperalgesia in axotomy of sciatic nerve and the increased expression of Nnat in C-fiber and A-delta fiber of adult DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Dih Sy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) E1A protein (E1A-12) contains a unique 20-amino-acid spacer region between the second and third conserved regions. Substitution of a single amino acid in the spacer is able to abrogate Ad12 tumorigenesis. To investigate the function of the spacer, microarray analysis was performed on cells transformed by tumorigenic and nontumorigenic Ad12s that differ only by one amino acid in the spacer. Fewer than 0.8% of approximately 8,000 genes in the microarray exhibited differential expression of threefold and higher. Of these, more than half of the known genes with higher expression in the wild-type Ad12-transformed cells have neuronal-specific functions. Some of the other differentially expressed genes are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, transcription, cell structure, and tumor invasiveness. Northern blot analyses of a subset of the neuronal genes, including Robo1, N-MYC, and alpha-internexin, confirmed their strong expression in multiple Ad12 tumorigenic cell lines. In contrast, these neuronal genes displayed only minor or negligible expression in cells transformed by spacer-mutated Ad12. Significantly, stable introduction of E1A-12 into nontumorigenic Ad5-transformed cells induced neuronal gene expression. We found that the neuron-restrictive silencer factor, which serves as a master repressor of neuronal genes, was inactivated in both Ad12- and Ad5-transformed cells via cytoplasmic retention, though only Ad12-transformed cells exhibited neuronal gene induction. Mutational analyses of the alpha-internexin promoter demonstrated that E1A-12-mediated neuronal gene induction further required the activation of neuronal promoter E-box elements. These results indicate that the spacer is involved in mediating neuronal and tumor-related genes.
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Siu IM, Bai R, Gallia GL, Edwards JB, Tyler BM, Eberhart CG, Riggins GJ. Coexpression of neuronatin splice forms promotes medulloblastoma growth. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:716-24. [PMID: 18701710 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain cancer. Several important developmental pathways have been implicated in MB formation, but fewer therapeutic targets have been identified. To locate frequently overexpressed genes, we performed a comprehensive gene expression survey of MB. Our comparison of 20 primary tumors to normal cerebellum identified neuronatin (NNAT) as the most frequently overexpressed gene in our analysis. NNAT is a neural-specific developmental gene with alpha and beta splice forms. Functional evaluation revealed that RNA interference knockdown of NNAT causes a significant decrease in proliferation. Conversely, coexpression of both splice forms in NNAT-negative MB cell lines increased proliferation, caused a significant shift from G(1) to G(2)/M, and increased soft agar colony formation and size. When expressed individually, each NNAT splice form had much less effect on these in vitro oncogenic predictors. In an in vivo model, the coexpression of both splice forms conferred the ability of xenograft formation to human MB cells that do not normally form xenografts, whereas a control gene had no effect. Our findings suggest that the frequently observed overexpression of both NNAT splice forms in MB enhances growth in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Mei Siu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
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Joe MK, Lee HJ, Suh YH, Han KL, Lim JH, Song J, Seong JK, Jung MH. Crucial roles of neuronatin in insulin secretion and high glucose-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells. Cell Signal 2008; 20:907-15. [PMID: 18289831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) was initially identified as a selectively-expressed gene in neonatal brains, but its expression has been also identified in pancreatic beta-cells. Therefore, to investigate the possible functions that Nnat may serve in pancreatic beta-cells, two Nnat isotypes (alpha and beta) were expressed using adenoviruses in murine MIN6N8 pancreatic beta-cells, and the cellular fates and the effects of Nnat on insulin secretion, high glucose-induced apoptosis, and functional impairment were examined. Nnatalpha and Nnatbeta were primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and their expressions increased insulin secretion by increasing intracellular calcium levels. However, under chronic high glucose conditions, the Nnatbeta to Nnatalpha ratio gradually increased in proportion to the length of exposure to high glucose levels. Moreover, adenovirally-expressed Nnatbeta was inclined to form aggresome-like structures, and we found that Nnatbeta aggregation inhibited the function of the proteasome. Therefore, when glucose is elevated, the expression of Nnatbeta sensitizes MIN6N8 cells to high glucose stress, which in turn, causes ER stress. As a result, expression of Nnatbeta increased hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. In addition, the expression of Nnatbeta under high glucose conditions decreased the expression of genes important for beta-cell function, such as glucokinase (GCK), pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), and insulin. Collectively, Nnat may play a critical factor in normal beta-cell function, as well as in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Kuk Joe
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
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Davies W, Isles AR, Humby T, Wilkinson LS. What are imprinted genes doing in the brain? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 626:62-70. [PMID: 18372791 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77576-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As evidence for the existence of brain-expressed imprinted genes accumulates, we need to address exactly what they are doing in this tissue, especially in terms of organisational themes and the major challenges posed by reconciling imprinted gene action in brain with current evolutionary theories attempting to explain the origin and maintenance of genomic imprinting. We are at the beginning of this endeavor and much work remains to be done but already it is clear that imprinted genes have the potential to influence diverse behavioral processes via multiple brain mechanisms. There are also grounds to believe that imprinting may contribute to risk of mental and neurological disease. As well as being a source of basic information about imprinted genes in the brain (e.g., via the newly established website, www.bgg.cardiff.ac.uk/imprinted_tables/index. html), we have used this chapter to identify and focus on a number of key questions. How are brain-expressed imprinted genes organised at the molecular and cellular levels? To what extent does imprinted action depend on neurodevelopmental mechanisms? Do imprinted gene effects interact with other epigenetic influences, especially early on in life? Are imprinted effects on adult behaviors adaptive or just epiphenomena? If they are adaptive, what areas of brain function and behavior might be sensitive to imprinted effects? These are big questions and, as shall become apparent, we need much more data, arising from interactions between behavioral neuroscientists, molecular biologists and evolutionary theorists, if we are to begin to answer them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davies
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Cardiff, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Uchihara T, Okubo C, Tanaka R, Minami Y, Inadome Y, Iijima T, Morishita Y, Fujita J, Noguchi M. Neuronatin Expression and Its Clinicopathological Significance in Pulmonary Non-small Cell Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2007; 2:796-801. [PMID: 17805055 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318145af5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuronatin is a protein that is specifically expressed in the nervous system in the course of embryonal brain development, and its expression is limited to the pituitary gland in normal human adults. Neuronatin expression has been reported in some types of tumor. The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of neuronatin expression in pulmonary non-small cell carcinoma. METHODS We determined the frequency of neuronatin expression in surgically resected samples from non-small cell lung carcinoma (51 adenocarcinoma and 41 squamous cell carcinoma) by immunohistochemical staining, and investigated the correlations between expression level and various clinicopathological features. RESULTS Expression of neuronatin was observed more frequently in squamous cell carcinoma (63%) than in adenocarcinoma (25%). In most cases, nontumorous lung tissue did not react with the antibody against neuronatin. In both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, less differentiated tumors expressed neuronatin more frequently than did differentiated tumors. In adenocarcinoma, but not squamous cell carcinoma, the prognosis of neuronatin-positive cases was significantly worse than that of neuronatin-negative cases. CONCLUSION Neuronatin expression is specific for tumor tissue and was detected in both pulmonary adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma at high frequency, particularly in less differentiated tumors. Neuronatin expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma, and may be useful as a prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Japan/epidemiology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhito Uchihara
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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Higashi M, Tajiri T, Kinoshita Y, Tatsuta K, Souzaki R, Maehara Y, Suita S, Taguchi T. High expressions of neuronatin isoforms in favorable neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 29:551-6. [PMID: 17762496 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181256b7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant solid tumor of children, which derives from the embryonal sympathoadrenal linage. Clinical cases can vary widely from a favorable to an unfavorable prognosis according to the presence of genetic aberrations, such as MYCN amplification. Our cDNA microarray analysis which compared the gene expressions between favorable and unfavorable neuroblastomas showed a high expression of the neuronatin (Nnat) gene in favorable neuroblastomas. Nnat is highly conserved in mammalian species, and its expression appears in nervous systems from the hindbrain to the peripherals during the prenatal periods. The Nnat mRNA expression, investigated in 63 of neuroblastoma samples by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, was found to be significantly higher in the favorable prognosis groups than in the unfavorable groups. Nnat is an imprinted gene, and its expression in IMR32 neuroblastoma cell line was up-regulated by treatment with a demethylating agent. High expressions of Nnat isoforms induced in an IMR32 neuroblastoma cell line changed the cell morphology to the extension of the neural processes, which thus indicated the occurrence of cell differentiation. In conclusion, the high expressions of Nnat were found to be associated with good prognoses in neuroblastoma, which might indicate tumor differentiation, and its suppressions in unfavorable tumors are considered to be under epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Higashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Mehler MF, Mattick JS. Noncoding RNAs and RNA Editing in Brain Development, Functional Diversification, and Neurological Disease. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:799-823. [PMID: 17615389 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive maturation and functional plasticity of the nervous system in health and disease involve a dynamic interplay between the transcriptome and the environment. There is a growing awareness that the previously unexplored molecular and functional interface mediating these complex gene-environmental interactions, particularly in brain, may encompass a sophisticated RNA regulatory network involving the twin processes of RNA editing and multifaceted actions of numerous subclasses of non-protein-coding RNAs. The mature nervous system encompasses a wide range of cell types and interconnections. Long-term changes in the strength of synaptic connections are thought to underlie memory retrieval, formation, stabilization, and effector functions. The evolving nervous system involves numerous developmental transitions, such as neurulation, neural tube patterning, neural stem cell expansion and maintenance, lineage elaboration, differentiation, axonal path finding, and synaptogenesis. Although the molecular bases for these processes are largely unknown, RNA-based epigenetic mechanisms appear to be essential for orchestrating these precise and versatile biological phenomena and in defining the etiology of a spectrum of neurological diseases. The concerted modulation of RNA editing and the selective expression of non-protein-coding RNAs during seminal as well as continuous state transitions may comprise the plastic molecular code needed to couple the intrinsic malleability of neural network connections to evolving environmental influences to establish diverse forms of short- and long-term memory, context-specific behavioral responses, and sophisticated cognitive capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Mehler
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Abstract
The epigenetic events that occur during the development of the mammalian embryo are essential for correct gene expression and cell-lineage determination. Imprinted genes are expressed from only one parental allele due to differential epigenetic marks that are established during gametogenesis. Several theories have been proposed to explain the role that genomic imprinting has played over the course of mammalian evolution, but at present it is not clear if a single hypothesis can fully account for the diversity of roles that imprinted genes play. In this review, we discuss efforts to define the extent of imprinting in the mouse genome, and suggest that different imprinted loci may have been wrought by distinct evolutionary forces. We focus on a group of small imprinted domains, which consist of paternally expressed genes embedded within introns of multiexonic transcripts, to discuss the evolution of imprinting at these loci.
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Zaitoun I, Khatib H. Assessment of genomic imprinting of SLC38A4, NNAT, NAP1L5, and H19 in cattle. BMC Genet 2006; 7:49. [PMID: 17064418 PMCID: PMC1629023 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-7-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, few imprinted genes have been reported in cattle compared to human and mouse. Comparative expression analysis and imprinting status are powerful tools for investigating the biological significance of genomic imprinting and studying the regulation mechanisms of imprinted genes. The objective of this study was to assess the imprinting status and pattern of expression of the SLC38A4, NNAT, NAP1L5, and H19 genes in bovine tissues. Results A polymorphism-based approach was used to assess the imprinting status of four bovine genes in a total of 75 tissue types obtained from 12 fetuses and their dams. In contrast to mouse Slc38a4, which is imprinted in a tissue-specific manner, we found that SLC38A4 is not imprinted in cattle, and we found it expressed in all adult tissues examined. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in NNAT and used to distinguish between monoallelic and biallelic expression in fetal and adult tissues. The two transcripts of NNAT showed paternal expression like their orthologues in human and mouse. However, in contrast to human and mouse, NNAT was expressed in a wide range of tissues, both fetal and adult. Expression analysis of NAP1L5 in five heterozygous fetuses showed that the gene was paternally expressed in all examined tissues, in contrast to mouse where imprinting is tissue-specific. H19 was found to be maternally expressed like its orthologues in human, sheep, and mouse. Conclusion This is the first report on the imprinting status of SLC38A4, NAP1L5, and on the expression patterns of the two transcripts of NNAT in cattle. It is of interest that the imprinting of NAP1L5, NNAT, and H19 appears to be conserved between mouse and cow, although the tissue distribution of expression differs. In contrast, the imprinting of SLC38A4 appears to be species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Zaitoun
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Herath CB, Ishiwata H, Shiojima S, Kadowaki T, Katsuma S, Ushizawa K, Imai K, Takahashi T, Hirasawa A, Takahashi S, Izaike Y, Tsujimoto G, Hashizume K. Developmental Aberrations of Liver Gene Expression in Bovine Fetuses Derived from Somatic Cell Nuclear Transplantation. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2006; 8:79-95. [PMID: 16776600 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2006.8.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) has been accomplished. However, the process itself is inefficient since most clones die before birth and survivors often display various anomalies. In an effort to determine global expression profiles of developmentally regulated liver genes in NT bovine fetuses, we employed a custom-made bovine liver complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray. The NT fetuses in early pregnancy were derived from cumulus cells as the nuclear donor cells. Normal fetuses were derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (AI). Gene expression levels in NT, IVF, and AI fetal livers were obtained by comparing individual fetal liver samples with that of adult liver of nonpregnant cycling cows. Statistical analyses of the expression data showed widespread dysregulation of developmentally important genes in the three NT fetuses examined. It was found that the number of dysregulated genes was within a range of 3.5-7.7% of the tested genes in the NT fetal livers. The analyses revealed that one NT fetus was markedly different in liver gene expression profile from the other two NT fetal livers in which the expression profiles were highly correlated. Thus, our findings demonstrate that widespread dysregulation of liver genes occurs in the developing liver of NT bovine fetuses. It is possible that inappropriate genomic reprogramming after NT is a key factor associated with abnormal gene expressions in the livers of NT fetuses, whereas distinct expression patterns between the fellow cloned fetuses likely have resulted from variable epigenetic status of the donor nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana B Herath
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Suh YH, Kim WH, Moon C, Hong YH, Eun SY, Lim JH, Choi JS, Song J, Jung MH. Ectopic expression of Neuronatin potentiates adipogenesis through enhanced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:481-9. [PMID: 16223607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) is selectively expressed in the neonatal brain and is involved in neuronal differentiation during brain development. However, Nnat also appears to be abundantly expressed in adipose tissue, and is conspicuously elevated in the adipose tissue of obese Zucker diabetic fatty rats compared with control lean Zucker lean control rats shown in our previous report. Here, we examined the expression of Nnat in adipose tissue and demonstrated that the ectopic expression of Nnat mediated by retroviral infection or stable transfection of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes stimulated differentiation into mature adipocytes with early induction of adipogenic transcription factors. Moreover, in 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing Nnat, increased intracellular free calcium levels and enhanced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) were observed, which appears to potentiate CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)beta, C/EBPdelta, and C/EBPalpha transcriptional activities. Collectively, the data indicate that Nnat enhances CREB phosphorylation through increasing intracellular free calcium levels, which potentiates expression of adipogenic transcription factors resulting in heightened adipocyte differentiation. These findings contribute to a greater fundamental understanding of obesity, a clinically important risk factor in numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Suh
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang B, Jin W, Zeng Y, Su Z, Hu S, Yu J. EST-based analysis of gene expression in the porcine brain. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2005; 2:237-44. [PMID: 15901252 PMCID: PMC5187415 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(04)02030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since pig is an important livestock species worldwide, its gene expression has been investigated intensively, but rarely in brain. In order to study gene expression profiles in the pig central nervous system, we sequenced and analyzed 43,122 high-quality 5’ end expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from porcine cerebellum, cortex cerebrum, and brain stem cDNA libraries, involving several different prenatal and postnatal developmental stages. The initial ESTs were assembled into 16,101 clusters and compared to protein and nucleic acid databases in GenBank. Of these sequences, 30.6% clusters matched protein databases and represented function known sequences; 75.1% had significant hits to nucleic acid databases and partial represented known function; 73.3% matched known porcine ESTs; and 21.5% had no matches to any known sequences in GenBank. We used the categories defined by the Gene Ontology to survey gene expression in the porcine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wu Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yanwu Zeng
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jun Yu
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Corresponding authors.
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