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Jiang J, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. High-level production of a novel alginate lyase (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. for efficient production of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121605. [PMID: 38142093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sodium alginate is one of the most abundant sustainable gum source for dietary fiber production. However, the preparation efficiencies of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate remain low. Here, a novel alginate lyase gene (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. was identified and high-level expressed in Pichia pastoris for low viscosity soluble dietary fiber production. The highest enzyme production of 3050 U mL-1 was achieved, which is by far the highest yield ever reported. FsAly7 was used for low viscosity soluble dietary fiber production from sodium alginate, and the highest degradation rate of 85.5 % was achieved under a high substrate content of 20 % (w/v). The molecular weight of obtained soluble dietary fiber converged to 10.75 kDa. FsAly7 catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in alginate chains with formation of unsaturated non-reducing ends simultaneously in the degradation process, thus altered the chemical structures of hydrolysates. The soluble dietary fiber exhibited excellent properties, including low viscosity, high oil adsorption capacity activity (2.20 ± 0.03 g g-1) and high emulsifying activity (60.05 ± 2.96 mL/100 mL). This investigation may provide a novel alginate lyase catalyst as well as a solution for the efficient production of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Takasuka TE, Kim H, Deng K, Bianchetti CM, Yamashita K, Beebe ET, Bergeman LF, Vander Meulen KA, Deutsch S, Ralph J, Adams PD, Northen TR, Fox BG. Quantitative Analysis of The High-Yield Hydrolysis of Kelp by Laminarinase and Alginate Lyase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300357. [PMID: 37402642 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Kelp is an abundant, farmable biomass-containing laminarin and alginate as major polysaccharides, providing an excellent model substrate to study their deconstruction by simple enzyme mixtures. Our previous study showed strong reactivity of the glycoside hydrolase family 55 during hydrolysis of purified laminarin, raising the question of its reactivity with intact kelp. In this study, we determined that a combination of a single glycoside hydrolase family 55 β-1,3-exoglucanase with a broad-specificity alginate lyase from the polysaccharide lyase family 18 gives efficient hydrolysis of untreated kelp to a mixture of simple sugars, that is, glucose, gentiobiose, mannitol-end glucose, and mannuronic and guluronic acids and their soluble oligomers. Quantitative assignments from nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) and 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopy and analysis of the reaction time-course are provided. The data suggest that binary combinations of enzymes targeted to the unique polysaccharide composition of marine biomass are sufficient to deconstruct kelp into soluble sugars for microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi E Takasuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture and, Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hoon Kim
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Present address: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA94608, USA
| | - Christopher M Bianchetti
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kaho Yamashita
- Research Faculty of Agriculture and, Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emily T Beebe
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Lai F Bergeman
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Kirk A Vander Meulen
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Samuel Deutsch
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - John Ralph
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA94608, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA94608, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kokova V, Lukova P, Baldzhieva A, Katsarov P, Delattre C, Molinié R, Petit E, Elboutachfaiti R, Murdjeva M, Apostolova E. Extraction, Structural Characterization, and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Alginate from Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Borry Harvested in the Bulgarian Black Sea. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:245. [PMID: 37103384 PMCID: PMC10141736 DOI: 10.3390/md21040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition and sequential structure of alginate isolated from C. crinita harvested in the Bulgarian Black Sea, as well as its effects in histamine-induced paw inflammation in rats. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in rats with systemic inflammation, and the levels of TNF-α in a model of acute peritonitis in rats were also investigated. The structural characterization of the polysaccharide was obtained by FTIR, SEC-MALS, and 1H NMR. The extracted alginate had an M/G ratio of 1.018, a molecular weight of 7.31 × 104 g/mol, and a polydispersity index of 1.38. C. crinita alginate in doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg showed well-defined anti-inflammatory activity in the model of paw edema. A significant decrease in serum levels of IL-1β was observed only in animals treated with C. crinita alginate in a dose of 25 mg/kg bw. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly reduced in rats treated with both doses of the polysaccharide, but no statistical significance was observed in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. A single dose of alginate did not significantly alter the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the peritoneal fluid of rats with a model of peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Kokova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandra Baldzhieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facultés, IUT d’Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facultés, IUT d’Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Redouan Elboutachfaiti
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facultés, IUT d’Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Marianna Murdjeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elisaveta Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Dobruchowska JM, Bjornsdottir B, Fridjonsson OH, Altenbuchner J, Watzlawick H, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L, Kamerling JP, Hreggvidsson GO. Enzymatic depolymerization of alginate by two novel thermostable alginate lyases from Rhodothermus marinus. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:981602. [PMID: 36204061 PMCID: PMC9530828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alginate (alginic acid) is a linear polysaccharide, wherein (1→4)-linked β-D-mannuronic acid and its C5 epimer, α-L-guluronic acid, are arranged in varying sequences. Alginate lyases catalyze the depolymerization of alginate, thereby cleaving the (1→4) glycosidic linkages between the monomers by a β-elimination mechanism, to yield unsaturated 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid (Δ) at the non-reducing end of resulting oligosaccharides (α-L-erythro configuration) or, depending on the enzyme, the unsaturated monosaccharide itself. In solution, the released free unsaturated monomer product is further hydrated in a spontaneous (keto-enol tautomerization) process to form two cyclic stereoisomers. In this study, two alginate lyase genes, designated alyRm3 and alyRm4, from the marine thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus (strain MAT378), were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzymes were characterized, and their substrate specificity and product structures determined. AlyRm3 (PL39) and AlyRm4 (PL17) are among the most thermophilic and thermostable alginate lyases described to date with temperature optimum of activity at ∼75 and 81°C, respectively. The pH optimum of activity of AlyRm3 is ∼5.5 and AlyRm4 at pH 6.5. Detailed NMR analysis of the incubation products demonstrated that AlyRm3 is an endolytic lyase, while AlyRm4 is an exolytic lyase, cleaving monomers from the non-reducing end of oligo/poly-alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Dobruchowska
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Josef Altenbuchner
- Institute for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Gerrit J. Gerwig
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gudmundur O. Hreggvidsson
- Matís Ltd., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Zhang S, Pei R, Li M, Su H, Sun H, Ding Y, Su M, Huang C, Chen X, Du Z, Jin C, Zang Y, Li J, Xu Y, Chen X, Zhang B, Ding K. Cocktail polysaccharides isolated from Ecklonia kurome against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118779. [PMID: 34742404 PMCID: PMC8520169 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches suggested that polysaccharides from brown algae had anti-virus activity. We hypothesized that nature polysaccharide from marine plants might have the effect on anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. By high throughput screening to target 3CLpro enzyme using polysaccharides library, we discover a crude polysaccharide 375 from seaweed Ecklonia kurome blocked 3CLpro enzymatic activity and shows good anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity in cell. Further, we show that homogeneous polysaccharide 37502 from the 375 may bind to 3CLpro well and disturb spike protein binding to ACE2 receptor. The structure characterization uncovers that 37502 is alginate. These results imply that the bioactivities of 375 on SARS-CoV-2 may target multiple key molecules implicated in the virus infection and replication. The above results suggest that 375 may be a potential drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Meixia Li
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haixia Su
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yaqi Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Minbo Su
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chunfan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China
| | - Xia Chen
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhenyun Du
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yechun Xu
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Kan Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Gaardløs M, Heggeset TMB, Tøndervik A, Tezé D, Svensson B, Ertesvåg H, Sletta H, Aachmann FL. Mechanistic basis for understanding the dual activities of the bifunctional Azotobacter vinelandii mannuronan C-5 epimerase and alginate lyase AlgE7. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021;:AEM0183621. [PMID: 34878812 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01836-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and functional properties of alginates are dictated by the monomer composition and molecular weight distribution. Mannuronan C-5-epimerases determine the monomer composition by catalyzing the epimerization of β-d-mannuronic acid (M) residues into α-l-guluronic acid (G) residues. The molecular weight is affected by alginate lyases, which catalyze a β-elimination mechanism that cleaves alginate chains. The reaction mechanisms for the epimerization and lyase reactions are similar, and some enzymes can perform both reactions. These dualistic enzymes share high sequence identity with mannuronan C-5-epimerases without lyase activity. The mechanism behind their activity and the amino acid residues responsible for it are still unknown. We investigate mechanistic determinants involved in the bifunctional epimerase and lyase activity of AlgE7 from Azotobacter vinelandii. Based on sequence analyses, a range of AlgE7 variants were constructed and subjected to activity assays and product characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our results show that calcium promotes lyase activity, whereas NaCl reduces the lyase activity of AlgE7. By using defined polymannuronan (polyM) and polyalternating alginate (polyMG) substrates, the preferred cleavage sites of AlgE7 were found to be M|XM and G|XM, where X can be either M or G. From the study of AlgE7 mutants, R148 was identified as an important residue for the lyase activity, and the point mutant R148G resulted in an enzyme with only epimerase activity. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we suggest a unified catalytic reaction mechanism for both epimerase and lyase activities where H154 functions as the catalytic base and Y149 functions as the catalytic acid. IMPORTANCE Postharvest valorization and upgrading of algal constituents are promising strategies in the development of a sustainable bioeconomy based on algal biomass. In this respect, alginate epimerases and lyases are valuable enzymes for tailoring the functional properties of alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed with numerous applications in food, medicine, and material industries. By providing a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism and of how the two enzyme actions can be altered by changes in reaction conditions, this study opens further applications of bacterial epimerases and lyases in the enzymatic tailoring of alginate polymers.
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Li D, Zhang S, Yang C, Li Q, Wang S, Xu X, Hao J, Li C. A Novel PTP1B Inhibitor-Phosphate of Polymannuronic Acid Ameliorates Insulin Resistance by Regulating IRS-1/Akt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12693. [PMID: 34884501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a critical negative modulator of insulin signaling and has attracted considerable attention in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low-molecular-weight polymannuronic acid phosphate (LPMP) was found to be a selective PTP1B inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.02 ± 0.17 μM. Cellular glucose consumption was significantly elevated in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells after LPMP treatment. LPMP could alleviate oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are associated with the development of insulin resistance. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that LPMP could enhance insulin sensitivity through the PTP1B/IRS/Akt transduction pathway. Furthermore, animal study confirmed that LPMP could decrease blood glucose, alleviate insulin resistance, and exert hepatoprotective effects in diabetic mice. Taken together, LPMP can effectively inhibit insulin resistance and has high potential as an anti-diabetic drug candidate to be further developed.
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Sliadovskii D, Ponomareva T, Molchanov M, Pozdnyakova-Filatova I, Timchenko M, Marchenkov V, Gusev O, Sogorin E. β-elimination of hyaluronate by red king crab hyaluronidase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22600. [PMID: 34799594 PMCID: PMC8604925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean hyaluronidases are poorly understood both in terms of their enzymatic properties and in terms of their structural features. In this work, we show that the hepatopancreas homogenate of the red king crab has a hyaluronidase activity that is an order of magnitude higher than its commercial counterpart. Zymography revealed that the molecular weight of a protein with hyalorunidase activity is 40-50 kDa. Analysis of the hepatopancreas transcriptome and results of cloning and sequencing of cDNA revealed a hyaluronidase sequence with an expected molecular weight of 42.5 kDa. Further analysis showed that hyaluronat enzymatic cleavage follows the [Formula: see text]-elimination mechanism, which is well known for bacterial hyaluronidases. The results of ion-exchange chromatography showed that the final product of hyaluronate degradation is unsaturated tetrasaccharide. Thus, we identified a new hyaluronidase of higher eukaryotes, which is not integrated into the modern classification of hyaluronidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Sliadovskii
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Tatyana Ponomareva
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Maxim Molchanov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the RAS, Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Irina Pozdnyakova-Filatova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Maria Timchenko
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | | | - Oleg Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420012
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo , 113-8421, Japan
| | - Evgeny Sogorin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290.
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9
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Jouanneau D, Klau LJ, Larocque R, Jaffrennou A, Duval G, Le Duff N, Roret T, Jeudy A, Aachmann FL, Czjzek M, Thomas F. Structure-function analysis of a new PL17 oligoalginate lyase from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1364-1377. [PMID: 34184062 PMCID: PMC8600288 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a major compound of brown macroalgae and as such an important carbon and energy source for heterotrophic marine bacteria. Despite the rather simple composition of alginate only comprising mannuronate and guluronate units, these bacteria feature complex alginolytic systems that can contain up to seven alginate lyases. This reflects the necessity of large enzyme systems for the complete degradation of the abundant substrate. Numerous alginate lyases have been characterized. They belong to different polysaccharide lyase (PL) families, but only one crystal structure of a family 17 (PL17) alginate lyase has been reported to date, namely Alg17c from the gammaproteobacterium Saccharophagus degradans. Biochemical and structural characterizations are helpful to link sequence profiles to function, evolution of functions and niche-specific characteristics. Here, we combined detailed biochemical and crystallographic analysis of AlyA3, a PL17 alginate lyase from the marine flavobacteria Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT, providing the first structure of a PL17 in the Bacteroidetes phylum. AlyA3 is exo-lytic and highly specific of mannuronate stretches. As part of an “alginate utilizing locus”, its activity is complementary to that of other characterized alginate lyases from the same bacterium. Structural comparison with Alg17c highlights a common mode of action for exo-lytic cleavage of the substrate, strengthening our understanding of the PL17 catalytic mechanism. We show that unlike Alg17c, AlyA3 contains an inserted flexible loop at the entrance to the catalytic groove, likely involved in substrate recognition, processivity and turn over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Leesa J Klau
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Agathe Jaffrennou
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Ghislain Duval
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Nolwen Le Duff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas Roret
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
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Al-dulaimi O, Rateb ME, Hursthouse AS, Thomson G, Yaseen M. The Brown Seaweeds of Scotland, Their Importance and Applications. Environments 2021; 8:59. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.
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Zhang K, Yang Y, Wang W, Liu W, Lyu Q. Substrate-Binding Mode and Intermediate-Product Distribution Coguided Protein Design of Alginate Lyase AlyF for Altered End-Product Distribution. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7190-7198. [PMID: 34133153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported alginate lyase AlyF that predominantly produced trisaccharides (the trisaccharide content is 87.0%), and the determination of its substrate-binding mode facilitated its protein engineering for new product distribution. To clarify the relationship between the substrate-binding pocket and end-product distribution, the open binding pocket change was initially designed. The resulting F128T_W172R mutant of AlyF exhibited different intermediate-product distributions but still similar end-product distributions. However, these observations suggested that cleavage pattern changes for intermediate products might contribute to an altered end-product distribution. Structural analysis indicated that the sugar-binding affinity at subsite -2 should be redesigned to achieve this goal. Thus, residue Arg266, which is involved in sugar binding at subsite -2, was selected for site-saturation mutagenesis in the F128T_W172R mutant. The dominant end products of the F128T_W172R_R226H mutant were altered to disaccharides and trisaccharides (the disaccharide content increased to 40.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee OK, Lee EY. Alginate derived functional oligosaccharides: Recent developments, barriers, and future outlooks. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118158. [PMID: 34119132 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a biopolymer used extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) derived from alginate exhibit superior biological activities and therapeutic potential. Alginate lyases with characteristic substrate specificity can facilitate the production of a broad array of AOS with precise structure and functionality. By adopting innovative analytical tools in conjunction with focused clinical studies, the structure-bioactivity relationship of a number of AOS has been brought to light. This review covers fundamental aspects and recent developments in AOS research. Enzymatic and microbial processes involved in AOS production from brown algae and sequential steps involved in AOS structure elucidation are outlined. Biological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of AOS and their potential industrial and therapeutic applications are elaborated. Withal, various challenges in AOS research are traced out, and future directions, specifically on recombinant systems for AOS preparation, are delineated to further widen the horizon of these exceptional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasree Mrudulakumari Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Cioroiu Tirpan D, Sterpu AE, Koncsag CI, Ciufu AG, Dobre T. Enzymatic Process for Cystoseira barbata Valorization: Ethanol Production and Additional By-Products. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:741. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of dried Cystoseira barbata alga for ethanol production through alcoholic fermentation. The influence of the main factors affecting the fermentation are studied in the frame of a 23 factorial experimental plan. The main factors influencing the process are the fermentation temperature (t from 25 °C to 35 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (S/L from 0.040 g/g to 0.080 g/g), and the cellulase ratio (R from 8 U/g d.m to 16 U/g d.m.). The maximum volatile compounds yield of 0.2808 g/g d.m and ethanol yield of 0.0158 g/g d.m were favored by the following experimental conditions: process temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 0.0415, and enzyme ratio of 16 U/g d.m. A statistical model was used to correlate the product yield with the process factors. Additionally, 19 interesting bioactive compounds were found in the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation broths which seem likely to maintain natural defence mechanisms against diseases and physical disorders.
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Arntzen MØ, Pedersen B, Klau LJ, Stokke R, Oftebro M, Antonsen SG, Fredriksen L, Sletta H, Aarstad OA, Aachmann FL, Horn SJ, Eijsink VGH. Alginate Degradation: Insights Obtained through Characterization of a Thermophilic Exolytic Alginate Lyase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02399-20. [PMID: 33397696 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02399-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic depolymerization of seaweed polysaccharides is gaining interest for the production of functional oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars. Herein, we describe a thermostable alginate lyase that belongs to polysaccharide lyase family 17 (PL17) and was derived from an Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) metagenomics data set. This enzyme, AMOR_PL17A, is a thermostable exolytic oligoalginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.26), which can degrade alginate, poly-β-d-mannuronate, and poly-α-l-guluronate within a broad range of pHs, temperatures, and salinity conditions. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that tyrosine Y251, previously suggested to act as a catalytic acid, indeed is essential for catalysis, whereas mutation of tyrosine Y446, previously proposed to act as a catalytic base, did not affect enzyme activity. The observed reaction products are protonated and deprotonated forms of the 4,5-unsaturated uronic acid monomer, Δ, two hydrates of DEH (4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexulosuronate), which are formed after ring opening, and, finally, two epimers of a 5-member hemiketal called 4-deoxy-d-manno-hexulofuranosidonate (DHF), formed through intramolecular cyclization of hydrated DEH. The detection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignment of these hemiketals refine our current understanding of alginate degradation.IMPORTANCE The potential markets for seaweed-derived products and seaweed processing technologies are growing, yet commercial enzyme cocktails for complete conversion of seaweed to fermentable sugars are not available. Such an enzyme cocktail would require the catalytic properties of a variety of different enzymes, where fucoidanases, laminarinases, and cellulases together with endo- and exo-acting alginate lyases would be the key enzymes. Here, we present an exo-acting alginate lyase that efficiently produces monomeric sugars from alginate. Since it is only the second characterized exo-acting alginate lyase capable of degrading alginate at a high industrially relevant temperature (≥60°C), this enzyme may be of great biotechnological and industrial interest. In addition, in-depth NMR-based structural elucidation revealed previously undescribed rearrangement products of the unsaturated monomeric sugars generated from exo-acting lyases. The insight provided by the NMR assignment of these products facilitates future assessment of product formation by alginate lyases.
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Zhang K, Liu T, Liu W, Lyu Q. Structural insights into the substrate-binding cleft of AlyF reveal the first long-chain alginate-binding mode. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:336-346. [PMID: 33645537 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832100005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The products of alginate degradation, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), have potential applications in many areas, including functional foods and marine drugs. Enzyme-based approaches using alginate lyases have advantages in the preparation of well defined AOS and have attracted much attention in recent years. However, a lack of structural insight into the whole substrate-binding cleft for most known alginate lyases severely hampers their application in the industrial generation of well defined AOS. To solve this issue, AlyF was co-crystallized with the long alginate oligosaccharide G6 (L-hexaguluronic acid hexasodium salt), which is the longest bound substrate in all solved alginate lyase complex structures. AlyF formed interactions with G6 from subsites -3 to +3 without additional substrate-binding site interactions, suggesting that the substrate-binding cleft of AlyF was fully occupied by six sugars, which was further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. More importantly, a combination of structural comparisons and mutagenetic analyses determined that three key loops (loop 1, Lys215-Glu236; loop 2, Gln402-Ile416; loop 3, Arg334-Gly348) mainly function in binding long substrates (degree of polymerization of >4). The potential flexibility of loop 1 and loop 2 might enable the substrate to continue to enter the cleft after binding to subsites +1 to +3; loop 3 stabilizes and orients the substrate at subsites -2 and -3. Taken together, these results provide the first possible alginate lyase-substrate binding profile for long-chain alginates, facilitating the rational design of new enzymes for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Yue W, Zhang HH, Yang ZN, Xie Y. Preparation of low-molecular-weight sodium alginate by ozonation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117104. [PMID: 33142642 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) has been reported to possess unique physicochemical properties and bioactivities. There is little information available about degradation of sodium alginate by ozonation. Effect of ozonation on molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, color change, M/G ratio, and chemical structure of sodium alginate was investigated. The molecular weight of sodium alginate decreased from 972.3 to 76.7 kDa in the 80-min period of ozonation at 25 °C. Two different degradation-rate constants were calculated. Molecular weight distribution of the LMWSA changed appreciably. Ozonation cannot lead to color change of LMWSA. The M/G ratio of LMWSA was not altered significantly, compared with that of the original alginate. The FT-IR and 13C NMR spectra indicated the chemical structure of LMWSA obtained by ozonation was not altered appreciably. New insight into the ozonation of alginate will be promisingly opened up. Ozonation of sodium alginate can be a alternative for production of LMWSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yue
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong H Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong N Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
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Córdova BM, Venâncio T, Olivera M, Huamani-Palomino RG, Valderrama AC. Xanthation of alginate for heavy metal ions removal. Characterization of xanthate-modified alginates and its metal derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:130-142. [PMID: 33296691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthates are widely used in mining industry as collectors for its high affinity towards metal sulfides and precious metal ores. The possibility of using alginate for xanthation has not been explored yet despite the feasibility by the presence of hydroxyl groups alongside the polymeric chains. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the alginate as a matrix for xanthation and its application on heavy metal ions removal. In order to obtain green materials, important pararmeter were explored such as the effect of reaction time (4-12 h), type of base (NaOH/KOH) and amount of carbon disulfide (2-10%v/v). Xanthated alginates were analyzed by NMR techniques and evidence of β-elimination was detected at 5.45 ppm. Furthermore, the presence of S element was confirmed by EDS mapping technique, while XRD showed a semi-crystalline structure. On the other hand, the chemical shifts of δ(C=S) and ν(C=S) bands were found around 863-805 cm-1 and 662-602 cm-1 respectively. Also, a shoulder at 182 ppm is appreciated by NMR in solid state attributed to CS group. According to FESEM analyses, morphology of xanthated alginates is affected by interaction with heavy metal ions. Finally, suitable materials for the removal of heavy metal ions were established at optimum pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru.
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru
| | - Ronny G Huamani-Palomino
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru
| | - A C Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru.
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Zhang C, Wang W, Zhao X, Wang H, Yin H. Preparation of alginate oligosaccharides and their biological activities in plants: A review. Carbohydr Res 2020; 494:108056. [PMID: 32559511 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is the degradation product of alginates extracted from brown algae. As a multifunctional oligomer, it has attracted widespread attention in plant research. Different methods of preparation generate AOS possessing diverse structural properties, and result in differences in AOS activity. In this review, the methods of preparation and characterization of AOS are briefly summarized, followed by a systematic introduction to the activity and mechanisms of AOS in plants. AOS can act as a growth promoter at different growth stages of plants. AOS also enhances resistance to pathogens, drought, salt, heavy metals and other stressors by triggering plant immunity, exerting bioactivity just like a pathogen-associated molecular pattern. In addition, AOS can regulate ABA biosynthesis and metabolite to preserve fruit quality and enhance shelf life. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the biological activity of AOS in plants, which will support research and the application of AOS treatments for plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Sun M, Sun C, Li T, Li K, Yan S, Yin H. Characterization of a novel bifunctional mannuronan C-5 epimerase and alginate lyase from Pseudomonas mendocina. sp. DICP-70. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:662-670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chi Y, Li H, Wang P, Du C, Ye H, Zuo S, Guan H, Wang P. Structural characterization of ulvan extracted from Ulva clathrata assisted by an ulvan lyase. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115497. [PMID: 31826447 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnan-rich sulfated polysaccharides extracted from green algae (ulvan) constitute potentially useful natural materials for drug development. However, the characterization of their complex structures poses a challenge for their application. In this study, the structure of ulvan extracted from Ulva clathrata was analyzed with the assistance of an ulvan lyase belonging to the PL25 family. According to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the degraded oligosaccharides, the backbone of such a polysaccharide mainly consisted of →4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→4)-α-l-Rha3S-(1→ and →4)-β-d-Xyl-(1→4)-α-l-Rha3S-(1→ disaccharide repeating units, and the ratio is approximately 4:1. In addition, about 4% of the xylose moieties bear sulfate groups. Minor amounts of branches containing hexose and unsaturated glucuronic acid were found during the sequence analysis of hexa- to octasaccharides. These results indicated the presence of a long branch in the ulvan. The clarification of the detailed structure provides a foundation for ulvan modification and its structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Huining Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Chunying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Han Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Siqi Zuo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Huashi Guan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Sugiono S, Masruri M, Estiasih T, Widjarnako SB. Structural and Rheological Characteristics of Alginate from Sargassum cristaefolium Extracted by Twin Screw Extruder. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1665603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugiono Sugiono
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Madura Islamic University, Pamekasan, Indonesia
| | - Masruri Masruri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teti Estiasih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Simon Bambang Widjarnako
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Lyu Q, Zhang K, Shi Y, Li W, Diao X, Liu W. Structural insights into a novel Ca2+-independent PL-6 alginate lyase from Vibrio OU02 identify the possible subsites responsible for product distribution. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1167-1176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chi Y, Ye H, Li H, Li Y, Guan H, Mou H, Wang P. Structure and molecular morphology of a novel moisturizing exopolysaccharide produced by Phyllobacterium sp. 921F. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:998-1005. [PMID: 31173824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are widely applied in food, cosmetic, and medical industries. The EPS produced by Phyllobacterium sp. 921F was a novel polysaccharide, which exhibits attractive characteristics of high yield, favorable rheological properties, and excellent moisture retention ability. Considering the complexity of polysaccharide structures, specific enzymatic hydrolysis was employed here to resolve the structure of the EPS. End-products including tetra-, hexa- and octa-saccharides were isolated. According to their mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the backbone of the EPS was found to be mainly comprising a → 4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-d-Galp(4,6-S-Pyr)-(1 → disaccharide repeating units. Based on atomic force microscopy results, EPS exhibited characteristics that were consistent with a stiff, elongated molecule with no branches. The length and height of the single molecular chain were approximately 600 and 0.7 nm, respectively. Our clarification of structure and molecular morphology of EPS from Phyllobacterium sp. 921F provide a foundation for the industrial application of this potential moisture-retaining material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Han Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huining Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huashi Guan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Stender EG, Birch J, Kjeldsen C, Nielsen LD, Duus JØ, Kragelund BB, Svensson B. Alginate Trisaccharide Binding Sites on the Surface of β-Lactoglobulin Identified by NMR Spectroscopy: Implications for Molecular Network Formation. ACS Omega 2019; 4:6165-6174. [PMID: 31459761 PMCID: PMC6647953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a promiscuous protein in terms of ligand interactions, having several binding sites reported for hydrophobic biomolecules such as fatty acids, lipids, and vitamins as well as detergents. BLG also interacts with neutral and anionic oligo- and polysaccharides for which the binding sites remain to be identified. The multivalency offered by these carbohydrate ligands is expected to facilitate coacervation, an electrostatically driven liquid-liquid phase separation. Using heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy and monitoring chemical shift perturbations, we observed specific binding sites of modest affinity for alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) prepared by alginate lyase degradation. Two different AOS binding sites (site 1 and site 2) centered around K75 and K101 were identified for monomeric BLG isoform A (BLGA) at pH 2.65. In contrast, only site 1 around K75 was observed for dimeric BLGA at pH 4.0. The data suggest a pH-dependent mechanism whereby both the BLGA dimer-monomer equilibrium and electrostatic interactions are exploited. This variability allows for control of coacervation and particle formation of BLGA/alginate mixtures via directed polysaccharide bridging of AOS binding sites and has implication for molecular network formation. The results are valuable for design of polyelectrolyte-based BLG particles and coacervates for carrying nutraceuticals and modulating viscosity in dairy products by use of alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil G.
P. Stender
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building
224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johnny Birch
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building
224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Kjeldsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building
207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lau D. Nielsen
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein
Science, Department of Biology, University
of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes
Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen
N, Denmark
| | - Jens Ø. Duus
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building
207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein
Science, Department of Biology, University
of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes
Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen
N, Denmark
- E-mail: . phone: +45 3532 2081 (B.S.)
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building
224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- E-mail: . phone: +45 4525 2740 (B.B.K.)
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Ma H, Qiu P, Xin M, Xu X, Wang Z, Xu H, Yu R, Xu X, Zhao C, Wang X, Guan H, Yang J, Li C. Structure-activity relationship of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate derivatives for blockade of selectins binding to tumor cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:225-33. [PMID: 30732758 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selectins dominate the formation of the metastasis niche and are considered important targets for exploring antimetastatic drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the marine drug propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) and a series of PSS derivatives on P-, L- or E-selectin-mediated binding with tumor cells. We found that PSS effectively prevented the binding of P- or L-selectin with tumor cells. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship study indicated that the activity of PSS is related to the sulfate group at the C-2/C-3 position, the propylene glycol substituent at the C-6 position, the ratio of guluronic acid to mannuronic acid, and the molecular weight. Additionally, PSS derivatives significantly suppressed lung metastasis in vivo. Our results demonstrated that PSS and its derivatives are potential antimetastatic drugs candidates.
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Lu D, Zhang Q, Wang S, Guan J, Jiao R, Han N, Han W, Li F. Biochemical characteristics and synergistic effect of two novel alginate lyases from Photobacterium sp. FC615. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:260. [PMID: 31700543 PMCID: PMC6827250 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroalgae and microalgae, as feedstocks for third-generation biofuel, possess competitive strengths in terms of cost, technology and economics. The most important compound in brown macroalgae is alginate, and the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases plays a crucial role in the saccharification process of transforming alginate into biofuel. However, there are few studies on the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases, especially those from the same bacterial strain. RESULTS In this study, the endolytic alginate lyase AlyPB1 and exolytic alginate lyase AlyPB2 were identified from the marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. FC615. These two enzymes showed quite different and novel enzymatic properties whereas behaved a strong synergistic effect on the saccharification of alginate. Compared to that when AlyPB2 was used alone, the conversion rate of alginate polysaccharides to unsaturated monosaccharides when AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted on alginate together was dramatically increased approximately sevenfold. Furthermore, we found that AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted the synergistic effect basing on the complementarity of their substrate degradation patterns, particularly due to their M-/G-preference and substrate-size dependence. In addition, a novel method for sequencing alginate oligosaccharides was developed for the first time by combining the 1H NMR spectroscopy and the enzymatic digestion with the exo-lyase AlyPB2, and this method is much simpler than traditional methods based on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Using this strategy, the sequences of the final tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide product fractions produced by AlyPB1 were easily determined: the tetrasaccharide fractions contained two structures, ΔGMM and ΔMMM, at a molar ratio of 1:3.2, and the pentasaccharide fractions contained four structures, ΔMMMM, ΔMGMM, ΔGMMM, and ΔGGMM, at a molar ratio of ~ 1:1.5:3.5:5.25. CONCLUSIONS The identification of these two novel alginate lyases provides not only excellent candidate tool-type enzymes for oligosaccharide preparation but also a good model for studying the synergistic digestion and saccharification of alginate in biofuel production. The novel method for oligosaccharide sequencing described in this study will offer a very useful approach for structural and functional studies on alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Guan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
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27
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Chen Y, Dou W, Li H, Shi J, Xu Z. The alginate lyase from Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC 5336 as a new tool for the production of alginate oligosaccharides with guluronic acid as reducing end. Carbohydr Res 2018; 470:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Bilan MI, Klochkova NG, Shashkov AS, Usov AI. Polysaccharides of Algae 71*. Polysaccharides of the Pacific brown alga Alaria marginata. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xin M, Sun Y, Chen H, Li Q, Dun Y, Guan H, Hao J, Li C. Propylene glycol guluronate sulfate (PGGS) reduces lipid accumulation via AMP-activated kinase activation in palmitate-induced HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:26-34. [PMID: 29550423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the No. 1 cause of death worldwide. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors for CVD. Maintaining lipid homeostasis is an effective way to prevent CVD. We prepared propylene glycol guluronate sulfate (PGGS), a sulfated polysaccharide, and investigated its effect on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. We found that total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly decreased in the cells after PGGS treatment. We have also shown that the AMPK signaling is activated after PGGS treatment as evidenced by changes in the expression of many AMPK downstream targets including SREBP-1c, SIRT-1, CPT1, PPARα, and FAS. Our results have demonstrated that PGGS is a potentially novel lipid-lowering agent for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haijiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Quancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunlou Dun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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30
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Peng C, Wang Q, Lu D, Han W, Li F. A Novel Bifunctional Endolytic Alginate Lyase with Variable Alginate-Degrading Modes and Versatile Monosaccharide-Producing Properties. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29472911 PMCID: PMC5809466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-type alginate lyases usually degrade alginate completely into various size-defined unsaturated oligosaccharide products (≥disaccharides), while exoenzymes primarily produce monosaccharide products including saturated mannuronate (M) and guluronate (G) units and particularly unsaturated Δ units. Recently, two bifunctional alginate lyases have been identified as endolytic but M- and G-producing with variable action modes. However, endolytic Δ-producing alginate lyases remain undiscovered. Herein, a new Flammeovirga protein, Aly2, was classified into the polysaccharide lyase 7 superfamily. The recombinant enzyme and its truncated protein showed similar stable biochemical characteristics. Using different sugar chains as testing substrates, we demonstrated that the two enzymes are bifunctional while G-preferring, endolytic whereas monosaccharide-producing. Furthermore, the catalytic module of Aly2 can vary the action modes depending on the terminus type, molecular size, and M/G content of the substrate, thereby yielding different levels of M, G, and Δ units. Notably, the enzymes preferentially produce Δ units when digesting small size-defined oligosaccharide substrates, particularly the smallest substrate (unsaturated tetrasaccharide fractions). Deletion of the non-catalytic region of Aly2 caused weak changes in the action modes and biochemical characteristics. This study provided extended insights into alginate lyase groups with variable action modes for accurate enzyme use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chune Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Danrong Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjun Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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31
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Wang Y, Delbecq F, Varma RS, Len C. Comprehensive study on expeditious conversion of pre-hydrolyzed alginic acid to furfural in Cu(II) biphasic systems using microwaves. Molecular Catalysis 2018; 445:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Tymon TM, Miller EP, Gonzales JL, Raab A, Küpper FC, Carrano CJ. Some aspects of the iodine metabolism of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (phaeophyceae). J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:82-88. [PMID: 28926758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite its paramount role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems, relatively little is known about halogen metabolism in giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). This is an important shortcoming given the potential implications for marine and atmospheric chemical processes in the wide distribution range of Macrocystis. The work presented here constitutes the first in depth investigation of the uptake, efflux, and of the physiological function of iodide in this important kelp species. Iodide uptake and efflux rates were measured in adult sporophytes of Macrocystis under normal and stressed (exogenous hydrogen peroxide and an elicitor-triggered oxidative burst) conditions. Kelp tissue took up iodide according to Michaelis-Menten type kinetics when incubated in seawater enriched with various concentrations of iodide. Upon the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide, simulating oxidative stress, a marked efflux of iodide occurred. In situ generation of hydrogen peroxide was elicited in Macrocystis upon the addition of oligomeric degradation products of alginate as well as arachidonic acid and methyl jasmonate constituting a defensive oxidative burst that could be linked to iodine accumulation. H2O2 was detected at the single cell level using dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate, a fluorogenic probe capable of detecting intracellular H2O2. When assayed for vanadium haloperoxidase activity, several bromoperoxidase isoforms were detected as well as a single iodoperoxidase. Altogether, the results of this study show that Macrocystis has an elaborate iodine metabolism, which is likely significant for impacting iodine speciation in seawater around kelp beds and for volatile halogen emissions into the coastal atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Tymon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - Eric P Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gonzales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - Andrea Raab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | | | - Carl J Carrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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33
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Grossmann L, Wefers D, Bunzel M, Weiss J, Zeeb B. Accessibility of transglutaminase to induce protein crosslinking in gelled food matrices - Influence of network structure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Li Q, Zeng Y, Wang L, Guan H, Li C, Zhang L. The heparin-like activities of negatively charged derivatives of low-molecular-weight polymannuronate and polyguluronate. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:313-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Torode TA, Siméon A, Marcus SE, Jam M, Le Moigne MA, Duffieux D, Knox JP, Hervé C. Dynamics of cell wall assembly during early embryogenesis in the brown alga Fucus. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:6089-6100. [PMID: 27811078 PMCID: PMC5100021 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zygotes from Fucus species have been used extensively to study cell polarization and rhizoid outgrowth, and in this model system cell wall deposition aligns with the establishment of polarity. Monoclonal antibodies are essential tools for the in situ analysis of cell wall glycans, and here we report the characteristics of six monoclonal antibodies to alginates (BAM6-BAM11). The use of these, in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies to brown algal sulfated fucans, has enabled the study of the developmental dynamics of the Fucus zygote cell walls. Young zygotes are spherical and all alginate epitopes are deposited uniformly following cellulose deposition. At germination, sulfated fucans are secreted in the growing rhizoid wall. The redistribution of cell wall epitopes was investigated during treatments that cause reorientation of the growth axis (change in light direction) or disrupt rhizoid development (arabinogalactan-protein-reactive Yariv reagent). Alginate modeling was drastically impaired in the latter, and both treatments cause a redistribution of highly sulfated fucan epitopes. The dynamics of cell wall glycans in this system have been visualized in situ for the first time, leading to an enhanced understanding of the early developmental mechanisms of Fucus species. These sets of monoclonal antibodies significantly extend the available molecular tools for brown algal cell wall studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Torode
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amandine Siméon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Susan E Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Moigne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Duffieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
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Fischl R, Bertelsen K, Gaillard F, Coelho S, Michel G, Klinger M, Boyen C, Czjzek M, Hervé C. The cell-wall active mannuronan C5-epimerases in the model brown alga Ectocarpus: From gene context to recombinant protein. Glycobiology 2016; 26:973-983. [PMID: 27026155 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannuronan C5-epimerases (ManC5-Es) catalyze in brown algae the remodeling of alginate, a major cell-wall component which is involved in many biological functions in these organisms. ManC5-Es are present as large multigenic families in brown algae, likely indicating functional specificities and specializations. ManC5-Es control the distribution pattern of (1-4) linked β-d-mannuronic acid (M) and α-l-guluronic acid (G) residues in alginates, giving rise to widely different polysaccharide compositions and sequences, depending on tissue, season, age, or algal species. As such they are also a source of powerful new tools for the biotechnological and enzymatic processing of alginates, to match the growing interest for food hydrocolloids and in biomedical and nanotechnological applications. We report here the first heterologous production of a ManC5-E of brown algal origin that is successfully refolded in an active form. The activity was measured by 1H NMR and by an indirect enzymatic assay using a known bacterial alginate lyase. The transcript expression as a function of the developmental program of the brown alga Ectocarpus, together with the bioinformatic analyses of the corresponding gene context of this multigenic family, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fischl
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Fanny Gaillard
- FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Susana Coelho
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Catherine Boyen
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
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Martínez-Gómez F, Mansilla A, Matsuhiro B, Matulewicz MC, Troncoso-Valenzuela MA. Chiroptical characterization of homopolymeric block fractions in alginates. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:90-101. [PMID: 27112854 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Homopolymannuronic and homopolyguluronic fractions were obtained by partial hydrolysis of the alkaline extracts from the brown seaweeds Ascoseira mirabilis, Desmarestia menziessi, Desmarestia ligulata and Durvillaea sp. collected in southern Chile. Full characterization of the fractions was achieved by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Total hydrolysis with 90% formic acid of the homopolymeric fractions allowed the preparation of mannuronic and guluronic acids. Both monomers and homopolymeric fractions as neutral salts were studied by CD and ORD. Chiroptical spectra were similar in shape and sign to those previously published in the literature, and permitted to assign D configuration to mannuronic acid and L configuration to guluronic acid in alginic acids. Specific optical rotation values at the sodium D light for the homopolymannuronic (∼-100°) and homopolyguluronic (∼-110°) acid fractions were obtained. These high negative values are proposed for the assignment of the absolute configuration of monomers in homopolymeric fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador B. O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 1465, Punta Arenas, and Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Chile
| | - Betty Matsuhiro
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador B. O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María C Matulewicz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos A Troncoso-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción, Chile
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Mathieu S, Henrissat B, Labre F, Skjåk-Bræk G, Helbert W. Functional Exploration of the Polysaccharide Lyase Family PL6. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159415. [PMID: 27438604 PMCID: PMC4954714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate, the main cell-wall polysaccharide of brown algae, is composed of two residues: mannuronic acid (M-residues) and, its C5-epimer, guluronic acid (G-residues). Alginate lyases define a class of enzymes that cleave the glycosidic bond of alginate by β-elimination. They are classified according to their ability to recognize the distribution of M- and G-residues and are named M-, G- or MG-lyases. In the CAZy database, alginate lyases have been grouped by sequence similarity into seven distinct polysaccharide lyase families. The polysaccharide lyase family PL6 is subdivided into three subfamilies. Subfamily PL6_1 includes three biochemically characterized enzymes (two alginate lyases and one dermatan sulfatase lyase). No characterized enzymes have been described in the two other subfamilies (PL6_2 and PL6_3). To improve the prediction of polysaccharide-lyase activity in the PL6 family, we re-examined the classification of the PL6 family and biochemically characterized a set of enzymes reflecting the diversity of the protein sequences. Our results show that subfamily PL6_1 includes two dermatan sulfates lyases and several alginate lyases that have various substrate specificities and modes of action. In contrast, subfamilies PL6_2 and PL6_3 were found to contain only endo-poly-MG-lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathieu
- CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, BP53, 38000, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7257, Université Aix-Marseille, 13288, Marseille, France
- INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Flavien Labre
- CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, BP53, 38000, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU Sem Sælands vei 6–8, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - William Helbert
- CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, BP53, 38000, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
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Inoue A, Satoh A, Morishita M, Tokunaga Y, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M, Ojima T. Functional heterologous expression and characterization of mannuronan C5-epimerase from the brown alga Saccharina japonica. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xin M, Ren L, Sun Y, Li HH, Guan HS, He XX, Li CX. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of low-molecular-weight propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS). Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:33-40. [PMID: 26974373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS), a sulfated polysaccharide derivative, has been used as a heparinoid drug to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China for nearly 30 years. To extend the applications of PSS, a series of low-molecular-weight PSSs (named FPs) were prepared by oxidative-reductive depolymerization, and the antithrombotic activities were investigated thoroughly in vitro and in vivo. The bioactivity evaluation demonstrated a positive correlation between the molecular weight and the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of FPs. FPs could prolong the APTT and clotting time and reduce platelet aggregation significantly. FPs could also effectively inhibit factor IIa in the presence of AT-III and HC-II. FPs decreased the wet weights and lengths of the thrombus and increased occlusion times in vivo. FP-6k, a PSS fragment with a molecular weight of 6 kDa, is an optimal antithrombotic candidate for further study and showed little chance for hemorrhagic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hai-hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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Yuan Y, Macquarrie DJ. Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:819-27. [PMID: 26454369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. It ensures that the resources are used fully and that all parts of them are valorized. This paper develops this concept, using brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum as an example, by assistance of microwave technology. A step-by-step process was designed to obtain fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar (alga residue) consecutively. The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan J Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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Badur AH, Jagtap SS, Yalamanchili G, Lee JK, Zhao H, Rao CV. Alginate lyases from alginate-degrading Vibrio splendidus 12B01 are endolytic. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:1865-73. [PMID: 25556193 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03460-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases are enzymes that degrade alginate through β-elimination of the glycosidic bond into smaller oligomers. We investigated the alginate lyases from Vibrio splendidus 12B01, a marine bacterioplankton species that can grow on alginate as its sole carbon source. We identified, purified, and characterized four polysaccharide lyase family 7 alginates lyases, AlyA, AlyB, AlyD, and AlyE, from V. splendidus 12B01. The four lyases were found to have optimal activity between pH 7.5 and 8.5 and at 20 to 25°C, consistent with their use in a marine environment. AlyA, AlyB, AlyD, and AlyE were found to exhibit a turnover number (kcat) for alginate of 0.60 ± 0.02 s(-1), 3.7 ± 0.3 s(-1), 4.5 ± 0.5 s(-1), and 7.1 ± 0.2 s(-1), respectively. The Km values of AlyA, AlyB, AlyD, and AlyE toward alginate were 36 ± 7 μM, 22 ± 5 μM, 60 ± 2 μM, and 123 ± 6 μM, respectively. AlyA and AlyB were found principally to cleave the β-1,4 bonds between β-d-mannuronate and α-l-guluronate and subunits; AlyD and AlyE were found to principally cleave the α-1,4 bonds involving α-l-guluronate subunits. The four alginate lyases degrade alginate into longer chains of oligomers.
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Xue Y, Li C, Zhao X, Guan H. HPLC Method for Microanalysis and Pharmacokinetics of Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides, Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate. Polysaccharides 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Thomas F, Cosse A, Le Panse S, Kloareg B, Potin P, Leblanc C. Kelps feature systemic defense responses: insights into the evolution of innate immunity in multicellular eukaryotes. New Phytol 2014; 204:567-576. [PMID: 25041157 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae are one of the few eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity, together with Opisthokonts (animals, fungi) and Plantae (land plants, green and red algae). In these three lineages, biotic stresses induce similar local defense reactions. Animals and land plants also feature a systemic immune response, protecting the whole organism after an attack on one of its parts. However, the occurrence of systemic defenses has never been investigated in brown algae. We elicited selected parts of the kelp Laminaria digitata and monitored distant, nonchallenged areas of the same individual for subsequent defense reactions. A systemic reaction was detected following elicitation on a distant area, including an oxidative response, an increase in haloperoxidase activities and a stronger resistance against herbivory. Based on experiments with pharmacological inhibitors, the liberation of free fatty acids is proposed to play a key role in systemic signaling, reminiscent of what is known in land plants. This study is the first report, outside the phyla of Opisthokonts and Plantae, of an intraorganism communication leading to defense reactions. These findings indicate that systemic immunity emerged independently at least three times, as a consequence of convergent evolution in multicellular eukaryotic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Cosse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Le Panse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
- CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
- CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
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Bilan MI, Smirnova GP, Shashkov AS, Usov AI. Polysaccharides of algae 65. Unusual polysaccharide composition of the pacific brown alga Punctaria plantaginea. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Breger JC, Fisher B, Samy R, Pollack S, Wang NS, Isayeva I. Synthesis of “click” alginate hydrogel capsules and comparison of their stability, water swelling, and diffusion properties with that of Ca+2crosslinked alginate capsules. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1120-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health/Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories/FDA; Silver Spring Maryland 20993-002
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Maryland; Maryland 20742-2115
| | - Benjamin Fisher
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health/Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories/FDA; Silver Spring Maryland 20993-002
| | - Raghu Samy
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health/Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories/FDA; Silver Spring Maryland 20993-002
| | - Steven Pollack
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health/Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories/FDA; Silver Spring Maryland 20993-002
| | - Nam Sun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Maryland; Maryland 20742-2115
| | - Irada Isayeva
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/Office of Pharmaceutical Science/Office of Generic Drugs/Division of Chemistry III/FDA; Silver Spring Maryland 20993-002
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Deniaud-Bouët E, Kervarec N, Michel G, Tonon T, Kloareg B, Hervé C. Chemical and enzymatic fractionation of cell walls from Fucales: insights into the structure of the extracellular matrix of brown algae. Ann Bot 2014; 114:1203-16. [PMID: 24875633 PMCID: PMC4195554 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Brown algae are photosynthetic multicellular marine organisms evolutionarily distant from land plants, with a distinctive cell wall. They feature carbohydrates shared with plants (cellulose), animals (fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides, FCSPs) or bacteria (alginates). How these components are organized into a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) still remains unclear. Recent molecular analysis of the corresponding biosynthetic routes points toward a complex evolutionary history that shaped the ECM structure in brown algae. METHODS Exhaustive sequential extractions and composition analyses of cell wall material from various brown algae of the order Fucales were performed. Dedicated enzymatic degradations were used to release and identify cell wall partners. This approach was complemented by systematic chromatographic analysis to study polymer interlinks further. An additional structural assessment of the sulfated fucan extracted from Himanthalia elongata was made. KEY RESULTS The data indicate that FCSPs are tightly associated with proteins and cellulose within the walls. Alginates are associated with most phenolic compounds. The sulfated fucans from H. elongata were shown to have a regular α-(1→3) backbone structure, while an alternating α-(1→3), (1→4) structure has been described in some brown algae from the order Fucales. CONCLUSIONS The data provide a global snapshot of the cell wall architecture in brown algae, and contribute to the understanding of the structure-function relationships of the main cell wall components. Enzymatic cross-linking of alginates by phenols may regulate the strengthening of the wall, and sulfated polysaccharides may play a key role in the adaptation to osmotic stress. The emergence and evolution of ECM components is further discussed in relation to the evolution of multicellularity in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deniaud-Bouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Nelly Kervarec
- Service RMN-RPE, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
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Chmit M, Kanaan H, Habib J, Abbass M, Mcheik A, Chokr A. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of polysaccharides, essential oil, and fatty oil extracted from Laurus nobilis growing in Lebanon. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S546-52. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Formo K, Aarstad OA, Skjåk-Bræk G, Strand BL. Lyase-catalyzed degradation of alginate in the gelled state: effect of gelling ions and lyase specificity. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:100-6. [PMID: 24906734 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lyase-catalyzed degradation has been proposed as a more cell-friendly alternative to dissolution of alginate gels than using chelating agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of lyase specificity on degradation of alginate gels, including the effect of crosslinking ions with different affinity for the polymer. Degradation kinetics and products were analyzed. In particular, the degradation products were characterized using novel methods for alginate sequence determination by chromatography. Lyase-catalyzed gel disruption worked well for gels crosslinked with calcium, but was less effective when barium was included in the gel formulation. The importance of crosslinking of long G-blocks in maintaining the structural integrity of the gels was identified. The failure to degrade these long G-blocks, either due to protection of the G-blocks by strong ionic crosslinking or due to lack of lyase activity on G-G linkages, resulted in retained resistance to mechanical disruption of the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Formo
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olav Andreas Aarstad
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit L Strand
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Central Norwegian Regional Health Authority, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Wu J, Zhao X, Ren L, Xue Y, Li C, Yu G, Guan H. Determination of M/G ratio of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate by HPLC with pre-column derivatization. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 104:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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