1
|
Tamano H, Takiguchi M, Murakami D, Kawano Y, Fukuda T, Ikeda H, Akagi Y, Ikeura S, Takeda A. Blockage of metallothionein synthesis via adrenaline β receptor activation invalidates dehydroeffusol-mediated prevention of amyloid β 1-42 toxicity. Neurosci Lett 2024; 825:137708. [PMID: 38438068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Dehydroeffusol, a major phenanthrene in Juncus effusus, protects neurodegeneration induced by intracellular Zn2+ ferried by extracellular amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42). Here we focused on adrenaline β receptor activation and the induction of metallothioneins (MTs), intracellular Zn2+-binding proteins to test the protective mechanism of dehydroeffusol. Isoproterenol, an agonist of adrenergic β receptors elevated the level of MTs in the dentate granule cell layer 1 day after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. When Aβ1-42 was injected 1 day after isoproterenol injection, pre-injection of isoproterenol protected Aβ1-42 toxicity via reducing the increase in intracellular Zn2+ after ICV injection of Aβ1-42. On the basis of the effect of increased MTs by isoproterenol, dehydroeffusol (15 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to mice once a day for 2 days. On day later, dehydroeffusol elevated the level of MTs and prevented Aβ1-42 toxicity via reducing Aβ1-42-mediated increase in intracellular Zn2+. In contrast, propranolol, an antagonist of adrenergic β receptors reduced the level of MTs increased by dehydroeffusol, resulting in invalidating the preventive effect of dehydroeffusol on Aβ1-42 toxicity. The present study indicates that blockage of MT synthesis via adrenaline β receptor activation invalidates dehydroeffusol-mediated prevention of Aβ1-42 toxicity. It is likely that MT synthesis via adrenaline β receptor activation is beneficial to neuroprotection and that oral intake of dehydroeffusol preventively serves against the Aβ1-42 toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Shizuoka Tohto Medical College, 1949 Minamiema, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2221, Japan
| | - Mako Takiguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Daichi Murakami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Satoen CO., LTD., 1057 Ohhara, Aoi-ku Shizuoka 421-1392, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Akagi
- Hagihara & CO., LTD., 884 Nishibara, Nishiachicho, Kurashiki 710-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Ikeura
- Hagihara & CO., LTD., 884 Nishibara, Nishiachicho, Kurashiki 710-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molecular Background of Toxic-Substances-Induced Morphological Alterations in the Umbilical Cord Vessels and Fetal Red Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314673. [PMID: 36499001 PMCID: PMC9736329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between smoking and human health has been investigated mostly in adults, despite the fact that the chemicals originating from sustained maternal smoking disrupt the carefully orchestrated regulatory cascades in the developing fetus. In this study, we followed molecular alterations in the umbilical cord (UC) vessels and fetal red blood cells (RBCs), which faithfully reflect the in vivo status of the fetus. We showed evidence for the decreased level of DNA-PKcs-positive nuclei in samples with smoking origin, which is associated with the impaired DNA repair system. Furthermore, we pointed out the altered ratio of MMP-9 metalloproteinase and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1, which might be a possible explanation for the morphological abnormalities in the UC vessels. The presented in vivo dataset emphasizes the higher vulnerability of the veins, as the primary target for the toxic materials unfiltered by the placenta. All these events become amplified by the functionally impaired fetal RBC population via a crosstalk mechanism between the vessel endothelium and the circulating RBCs. In our ex vivo approach, we looked for the molecular explanation of metal-exposure-induced alterations, where expressions of the selected genes were upregulated in the control group, while samples with smoking origin showed a lack of response, indicative of prior long-term in utero exposure.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamano H, Tokoro H, Murakami D, Tsujimoto R, Nishijima Y, Tsuda E, Watanabe S, Suzuki M, Takeda A. Metallothionein synthesis increased by Ninjin-yoei-to, a Kampo medicine protects neuronal death and memory loss after exposure to amyloid β 1-42. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 36316709 PMCID: PMC9624024 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-022-00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is possible that increased synthesis of metallothioneins (MTs), Zn2+-binding proteins is linked with the protective effect of Ninjin-yoei-to (NYT) on Zn2+ toxicity ferried by amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42). METHODS Judging from the biological half-life (18-20 h) of MTs, the effective period of newly synthesized MT on capturing Zn2+ is estimated to be approximately 2 days. In the present paper, a diet containing 3% NYT was administered to mice for 2 days and then Aβ1-42 was injected into the lateral ventricle of mice. RESULTS MT level in the dentate granule cell layer was elevated 2 days after administration of NYT diet, while the administration reduced intracellular Zn2+ level increased 1 h after Aβ1-42 injection, resulting in rescuing neuronal death in the dentate granule cell layer, which was observed 14 days after Aβ1-42 injection. Furthermore, Pre-administration of NYT diet rescued object recognition memory loss via affected perforant pathway long-term potentiation after local injection of Aβ1-42 into the dentate granule cell layer of rats. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that pre-administration of NYT diet for 2 days increases synthesis of MTs, which reduces intracellular Zn2+ toxicity ferried by extracellular Aβ1-42, resulting in protecting neuronal death in the dentate gyrus and memory loss after exposure to Aβ1-42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Haruna Tokoro
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Daichi Murakami
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Rin Tsujimoto
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Yuka Nishijima
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Erina Tsuda
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- grid.469280.10000 0000 9209 9298School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawano Y, Tamura K, Egawa M, Tamano H, Takeda A. Isoproterenol, an adrenergic β receptor agonist, induces metallothionein synthesis followed by canceling amyloid β1-42-induced neurodegeneration. Biometals 2022; 35:303-312. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Leite JP, Peixoto-Santos JE. Glia and extracellular matrix molecules: What are their importance for the electrographic and MRI changes in the epileptogenic zone? Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106542. [PMID: 31884121 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Especially because of their actions regarding neurotransmitter and ionic control, and synaptic function, these cells can potentially contribute to the hyperexcitability seen in the epileptogenic, while ECM changes are linked to synaptic reorganization. The present review will explore glial and ECM homeostatic roles and their potential contribution to tissue plasticity. Finally, we will address how glial, and ECM changes in the epileptogenic zone can be seen in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pointing out their importance as markers for the extension of the epileptogenic area. This article is part of the Special Issue "NEWroscience 2018".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Pereira Leite
- Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Jose Eduardo Peixoto-Santos
- Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamano H, Tokoro H, Murakami D, Furuhata R, Nakajima S, Saeki N, Katahira M, Shioya A, Tanaka Y, Egawa M, Takeda A. Preventive effect of Ninjin-yoei-to, a Kampo medicine, on amyloid β 1-42-induced neurodegeneration via intracellular Zn 2+ toxicity in the dentate gyrus. Exp Anim 2021; 70:514-521. [PMID: 34193681 PMCID: PMC8614007 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninjin-yoei-to (NYT), a Kampo medicine, has ameliorative effects on cognitive dysfunction via enhancing cholinergic neuron activity. To explore an efficacy of NYT administration for prevention and cure of Alzheimer’s disease, here we examined the effect of NYT on amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus. A diet containing 3% NYT was administered to mice for 2 weeks and human Aβ1-42 was intracerebroventricularly injected. Neurodegeneration in the dentate granule cell layer of the hippocampus, which was determined 2 weeks after the injection, was rescued by administration of the diet for 4 weeks. Aβ staining (uptake) was not modified in the dentate granule cell layer by pre-administration of the diet for 2 weeks, while Aβ1-42-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ was reduced, suggesting that pre-administration of NYT prior to Aβ injection is effective for reducing Aβ1-42-induced Zn2+ toxicity in the dentate gyrus. As a matter of fact, Aβ1-42-induced neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus was rescued by pre-administration of NYT. Interestingly, the level of metallothioneins, intracellular Zn2+-binding proteins, which can capture Zn2+ from Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes, was elevated in the dentate granule cell layer by pre-administration of NYT. The present study suggests that pre-administration of NYT prevents Aβ1-42-mediated neurodegeneration in the dentate gyurs by induced synthesis of metallothioneins, which reduces intracellular Zn2+ toxicity induced by Aβ1-42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Haruna Tokoro
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Daichi Murakami
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Ryo Furuhata
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Satoko Nakajima
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Nana Saeki
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Misa Katahira
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Aoi Shioya
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yukino Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Mako Egawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metallic Orthodontic Materials Induce Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis of Metallothioneins. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081922. [PMID: 33921350 PMCID: PMC8068897 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to the long-term contact with metallic elements of orthodontic appliances, the potential influence of released metal ions on living organisms and the type of induced changes was investigated. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four young domestic pigs classified in two groups (experimental and control) were chosen as the object of this study. In the experimental group of animals, two metal plates consisting of orthodontic bands representing the mass of orthodontic appliance were mounted on the internal side of the cheek for six months. The liver, lung, and brain samples were taken post mortem from animals of both groups. The gene expression of two isoforms of metallothionein (MT-1 and MT-2) were investigated using the qPCR technique. Protein expression was confirmed by the Western blot and ELISA techniques. Results: The differences in metallothionein concentrations were observed in the lung and brain in the group of experimental animals, but not in the liver. The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 genes in the experimental vs. control group (respectively) was as follows: lung MT-1 1.04 vs. 1.11, MT-2 0.96 vs. 1.05, liver MT-1 0.89 vs. 0.91 vs. 1.12, MT-2 0.91 vs. 1.05, brain MT-1 1.24 vs. 1.20, and MT-2 0.955 vs. 0.945. These results were confirmed by gene activity, which was tested by qPCR. This increased the activity of metallothionein genes in the lungs and brain as a consequence of the release of metal ions into these tissues. The possible effects of detected change in metallothionein-2 gene expression could be the alteration of physiological functions of lung tissue. Conclusions: The effect of long-term exposure to metal orthodontic appliances on metallothioneins gene expression, as well as the induction of protein synthesis was proved.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dehydroeffusol Pprevents Amyloid β 1-42-mediated Hippocampal Neurodegeneration via Reducing Intracellular Zn 2+ Toxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3603-3613. [PMID: 33770339 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroeffusol, a phenanthrene isolated from Juncus effusus, is a Chinese medicine. To explore an efficacy of dehydroeffusol administration for prevention and cure of Alzheimer's disease, here we examined the effect of dehydroeffusol on amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42)-mediated hippocampal neurodegeneration. Dehydroeffusol (15 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to mice once a day for 6 days and then human Aβ1-42 was injected intracerebroventricularly followed by oral administration for 12 days. Neurodegeneration in the dentate granule cell layer, which was determined 2 weeks after Aβ1-42 injection, was rescued by dehydroeffusol administration. Aβ staining (uptake) was not reduced in the dentate granule cell layer by pre-administration of dehydroeffusol for 6 days, while increase in intracellular Zn2+ induced with Aβ1-42 was reduced, suggesting that pre-administration of dehydroeffusol prior to Aβ1-42 injection is effective for Aβ1-42-mediated neurodegeneration that was linked with intracellular Zn2+ toxicity. As a matter of fact, pre-administration of dehydroeffusol rescued Aβ1-42-mediated neurodegeneration. Interestingly, pre-administration of dehydroeffusol increased synthesis of metallothioneins, intracellular Zn2+-binding proteins, in the dentate granule cell layer, which can capture Zn2+ from Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes. The present study indicates that pre-administration of dehydroeffusol protects Aβ1-42-mediated neurodegeneration in the hippocampus by reducing intracellular Zn2+ toxicity, which is linked with induced synthesis of metallothioneins. Dehydroeffusol, a novel inducer of metallothioneins, may protect Aβ1-42-induced pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Álvarez-Barrios A, Álvarez L, García M, Artime E, Pereiro R, González-Iglesias H. Antioxidant Defenses in the Human Eye: A Focus on Metallothioneins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:89. [PMID: 33440661 PMCID: PMC7826537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human eye, the highly specialized organ of vision, is greatly influenced by oxidants of endogenous and exogenous origin. Oxidative stress affects all structures of the human eye with special emphasis on the ocular surface, the lens, the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, which are considered natural barriers of antioxidant protection, contributing to the onset and/or progression of eye diseases. These ocular structures contain a complex antioxidant defense system slightly different along the eye depending on cell tissue. In addition to widely studied enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins and selenoproteins, inter alia, metallothioneins (MTs) are considered antioxidant proteins of growing interest with further cell-mediated functions. This family of cysteine rich and low molecular mass proteins captures and neutralizes free radicals in a redox-dependent mechanism involving zinc binding and release. The state of the art of MTs, including the isoforms classification, the main functions described to date, the Zn-MT redox cycle as antioxidant defense system, and the antioxidant activity of Zn-MTs in the ocular surface, lens, retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, dependent on the number of occupied zinc-binding sites, will be comprehensively reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Camacho-Abrego I, González-Cano SI, Aguilar-Alonso P, Brambila E, la Cruz FD, Flores G. Changes in nitric oxide, zinc and metallothionein levels in limbic regions at pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ages presented in an animal model of schizophrenia. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 111:101889. [PMID: 33197552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) show changes related to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the prefrontal cortex (PFC) level at post-pubertal age. The NVHL model is considered an animal model in schizophrenia. Here we analyzed the levels of nitrite, zinc, and metallothionein (MT) in cortical and subcortical regions of NVHL rats at pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ages. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated through measurement of nitrite levels. The locomotor activity was also evaluated in a novel environment. Animals with NVHL showed an increase in locomotor activity only at post-pubertal age. Furthermore, at pre-pubertal age, NVHL rats showed an increase in NO levels in ventral and dorsal hippocampus, thalamus, Caudate-putamen (CPu) and brainstem, in zinc levels in ventral and dorsal hippocampus, and CPu, and the MT level also in the ventral hippocampus and occipital cortex. In addition, at pre-pubertal age, a reduction in MT levels was also found in the PFC, parietal and temporal cortices, the CPu and the cerebellum. However, after puberty, NVHL caused an increase in NO levels in the PFC, and also zinc levels in the PFC and occipital and parietal cortices, with a reduction in MT levels in the thalamus and NAcc. Our results show the changes of these three molecules over time, among lesion (PD7), pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ages. This suggests changes at pre-pubertal age directly related to the site of the lesion, while at post-pubertal age, our data highlight changes in the PFC, a region mainly involved in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Camacho-Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico
| | - Sonia Irais González-Cano
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 11340, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP: 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP: 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 11340, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Petralia MC, Ciurleo R, Saraceno A, Pennisi M, Basile MS, Fagone P, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F, Cavalli E. Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Data of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Identifies Altered Pathways in Schizophrenia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040390. [PMID: 32260267 PMCID: PMC7230488 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by both positive and negative symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, decline in motivation, delusion and hallucinations. Antipsychotic agents are currently the standard of care treatment for SCZ. However, only about one-third of SCZ patients respond to antipsychotic medications. In the current study, we have performed a meta-analysis of publicly available whole-genome expression datasets on Brodmann area 46 of the brain dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in order to prioritize potential pathways underlying SCZ pathology. Moreover, we have evaluated whether the differentially expressed genes in SCZ belong to specific subsets of cell types. Finally, a cross-tissue comparison at both the gene and functional level was performed by analyzing the transcriptomic pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SCZ patients. Our study identified a robust disease-specific set of dysfunctional biological pathways characterizing SCZ patients that could in the future be exploited as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosella Ciurleo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrea Saraceno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (F.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (F.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (F.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (F.N.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-4781284
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (F.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eugenio Cavalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.B.); (F.N.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amuno S, Rudko DA, Gallino D, Tuznik M, Shekh K, Kodzhahinchev V, Niyogi S, Chakravarty MM, Devenyi GA. Altered neurotransmission and neuroimaging biomarkers of chronic arsenic poisoning in wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) breeding near the City of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (Canada). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135556. [PMID: 31780150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic poisoning has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of intellectual disability. Numerous human and animal studies have also confirmed that low-level arsenic exposure has deleterious effects on neurotransmission and brain structures which have been further linked to neurobehavioral disorders. The aim of this present work was to comparatively assess structural brain volume changes and alteration of two (2) neurotransmitters, specifically dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the brains of wild muskrats and squirrels breeding in arsenic endemic areas, near the vicinity of the abandoned Giant mine site in Yellowknife and in reference locations between 52 and 105 km from the city of Yellowknife. The levels of DA and 5-HT were measured in the brain tissues, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to attempt brain volume measurements. The results revealed that the concentrations of DA and 5-HT were slightly increased in the brains of squirrels from the arsenic endemic areas compared to the reference site. Further, DA and 5-HT were slightly reduced in the brains of muskrats from the arsenic endemic areas compared to the reference location. In general, no statistically significant neurotransmission changes and differences were observed in the brain tissues of muskrats and squirrels from both arsenic endemic areas and non-endemic sites. Although MRI results showed that the brain volumes of squirrels and muskrats were not statistically different between sites after multiple comparison correction; it was noted that core brain regions were substantially affected in muskrats, in particular the hippocampal memory circuit, striatum and thalamus. Squirrel brains showed more extensive neuroanatomical changes, likely due to their relatively smaller body mass, with extensive shrinkage of the core brain structures, and the cortex, even after accounting for differences in overall brain size. The results of this present study constitute the first observation of neuroanatomical changes in wild small mammal species breeding in arsenic endemic areas of Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Amuno
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - D A Rudko
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - D Gallino
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Tuznik
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - K Shekh
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - V Kodzhahinchev
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - M M Chakravarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G A Devenyi
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Branca JJV, Morucci G, Maresca M, Tenci B, Cascella R, Paternostro F, Ghelardini C, Gulisano M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A. Selenium and zinc: Two key players against cadmium-induced neuronal toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:159-169. [PMID: 29408665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a worldwide occupational pollutant, is an extremely toxic heavy metal, capable of damaging several organs, including the brain. Its toxicity has been related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The neurotoxic potential of Cd has been attributed to the changes induced in the brain enzyme network involved in counteracting oxidative stress. On the other hand, it is also known that trace elements, such as zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), required for optimal brain functions, appears to have beneficial effects on the prevention of Cd intoxication. Based on this protective effect of Zn and Se, we aimed to investigate whether these elements could protect neuronal cells from Cd-induced excitotoxicity. The experiments, firstly carried out on SH-SY5Y catecholaminergic neuroblastoma cell line, demonstrated that the treatment with 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 24 h caused significant modifications both in terms of oxidative stress and neuronal sprouting, triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The evaluation of the effectiveness of 50 μM of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and 100 nM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) treatments showed that both elements were able to attenuate the Cd-dependent neurotoxicity. However, considering that following induction with retinoic acid (RA), the neuroblastoma cell line undergoes differentiation into a cholinergic neurons, our second aim was to verify the zinc and selenium efficacy also in this neuronal phenotype. Our data clearly demonstrated that, while zinc played a crucial role on neuroprotection against Cd-induced neurotoxicity independently from the cellular phenotype, selenium is ineffective in differentiated cholinergic cells, supporting the notion that the molecular events occurring in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are critical for the response to specific stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo J V Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario Maresca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara Tenci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Paternostro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matsuda S, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Nakanishi A, Murai T. Implications of PI3K/AKT/PTEN Signaling on Superoxide Dismutases Expression and in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Diseases 2018; 6:E28. [PMID: 29677102 PMCID: PMC6023281 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative sickness, where the speed of personal disease progression differs prominently due to genetic and environmental factors such as life style. Alzheimer’s disease is described by the construction of neuronal plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a noticeable feature of Alzheimer’s disease and increased production of reactive oxygen species has long been described. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) protect from excess reactive oxygen species to form less reactive hydrogen peroxide. It is suggested that SODs can play a protective role in neurodegeneration. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway has been shown to play a critical role on the neuroprotection and inhibiting apoptosis via the enhancing expression of the SODs. This pathway appears to be crucial in Alzheimer’s disease because it is related to the tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. Dietary supplementation of several ordinary compounds may provide a novel therapeutic approach to brain disorders by modulating the function of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Understanding these systems may offer a better efficacy of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the involvement of the SODs and PI3K/AKT pathway in neuroprotective signaling against Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Murai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Metallothionein in Brain Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5828056. [PMID: 29085556 PMCID: PMC5632493 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5828056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are a family of proteins which are able to bind metals intracellularly, so their main function is to regulate the cellular metabolism of essential metals. There are 4 major isoforms of MTs (I-IV), three of which have been localized in the central nervous system. MT-I and MT-II have been localized in the spinal cord and brain, mainly in astrocytes, whereas MT-III has been found mainly in neurons. MT-I and MT-II have been considered polyvalent proteins whose main function is to maintain cellular homeostasis of essential metals such as zinc and copper, but other functions have also been considered: detoxification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, processes of inflammation, and protection against free radicals generated by oxidative stress. On the other hand, the MT-III has been related in events of pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer. Likewise, the participation of MTs in other neurological disorders has also been reported. This review shows recent evidence about the role of MT in the central nervous system and its possible role in neurodegenerative diseases as well as in brain disorders.
Collapse
|
16
|
Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Maronpot RR, Torres-Jardon R, Henríquez-Roldán C, Schoonhoven R, Acuña-Ayala H, Villarreal-Calderón A, Nakamura J, Fernando R, Reed W, Azzarelli B, Swenberg JA. DNA Damage in Nasal and Brain Tissues of Canines Exposed to Air Pollutants Is Associated with Evidence of Chronic Brain Inflammation and Neurodegeneration. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 31:524-38. [PMID: 14692621 DOI: 10.1080/01926230390226645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute, subchronic, or chronic exposures to particulate matter (PM) and pollutant gases affect people in urban areas and those exposed to fires, disasters, and wars. Respiratory tract inflammation, production of mediators of inflammation capable of reaching the brain, systemic circulation of PM, and disruption of the nasal respiratory and olfactory barriers are likely in these populations. DNA damage is crucial in aging and in age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in nasal and brain genomic DNA, and explored by immunohistochemistry the expression of nuclear factor NF κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2), metallothionein I and II, apolipoprotein E, amyloid precursor protein (APP), and beta-amyloid1-42 in healthy dogs naturally exposed to urban pollution in Mexico City. Nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Forty mongrel dogs, ages 7 days—10 years were studied (14 controls from Tlaxcala and 26 exposed to urban pollution in South West Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC)). Nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium were found to be early pollutant targets. Olfactory bulb and hippocampal AP sites were significantly higher in exposed than in control age matched animals. Ni and V were present in a gradient from olfactory mucosa > olfactory bulb > frontal cortex. Exposed dogs had (a) nuclear neuronal NF κB p65, (b) endothelial, glial and neuronal iNOS, (c) endothelial and glial COX2, (d) ApoE in neuronal, glial and vascular cells, and (e) APP and β amyloid1-42 in neurons, diffuse plaques (the earliest at age 11 months), and in subarachnoid blood vessels. Increased AP sites and the inflammatory and stress protein brain responses were early and significant in dogs exposed to urban pollution. Oil combustion PM-associated metals Ni and V were detected in the brain. There was an acceleration of Alzheimer's-type pathology in dogs chronically exposed to air pollutants. Respiratory tract inflammation and deteriorating olfactory and respiratory barriers may play a role in the observed neuropathology. These data suggest that Alzheimer's disease may be the sequela of air pollutant exposures and the resulting systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Environmental Pathology Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Szrok S, Stelmanska E, Turyn J, Bielicka-Gieldon A, Sledzinski T, Swierczynski J. Metallothioneins 1 and 2, but not 3, are regulated by nutritional status in rat white adipose tissue. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:18. [PMID: 27551319 PMCID: PMC4968437 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cumulating evidence underlines the role of adipose tissue metallothionein (MT) in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fasting/refeeding was shown to affect MT gene expression in the rodent liver. The influence of nutritional status on MT gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to verify if fasting and fasting/refeeding may influence expression of MT genes in WAT of rats. Results Fasting resulted in a significant increase in MT1 and MT2 gene expressions in retroperitoneal, epididymal, and inguinal WAT of rats, and this effect was reversed by refeeding. Altered expressions of MT1 and MT2 genes in all main fat depots were reflected by changes in serum MT1 and MT2 levels. MT1 and MT2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in WAT correlated inversely with serum insulin concentration. Changes in MT1 and MT2 mRNA levels were apparently not related to total zinc concentrations and MTF1 and Zn transporter mRNA levels in WAT. Fasting or fasting/refeeding exerted no effect on the expression of MT3 gene in WAT. Addition of insulin to isolated adipocytes resulted in a significant decrease in MT1 and MT2 gene expressions. In contrast, forskolin or dibutyryl-cAMP (dB-cAMP) enhanced the expressions of MT1 and MT2 genes in isolated adipocytes. Insulin partially reversed the effect of dB-cAMP on MT1 and MT2 gene expressions. Conclusions This study showed that the expressions of MT1 and MT2 genes in WAT are regulated by nutritional status, and the regulation may be independent of total zinc concentration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0533-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu A, Perumpail RB, Kumari R, Younossi ZM, Wong RJ, Ahmed A. Advances in cirrhosis: Optimizing the management of hepatic encephalopathy. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2871-2879. [PMID: 26692331 PMCID: PMC4678373 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i29.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication of cirrhosis resulting in significant socioeconomic burden, morbidity, and mortality. HE can be further subdivided into covert HE (CHE) and overt HE (OHE). CHE is a subclinical, less severe manifestation of HE and requires psychometric testing for diagnosis. Due to the time consuming screening process and lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, CHE is frequently underdiagnosed despite its recognized role as a precursor to OHE. Screening for CHE with the availability of the Stroop test has provided a pragmatic method to promptly diagnose CHE. Management of acute OHE involves institution of lactulose, the preferred first-line therapy. In addition, prompt recognition and treatment of precipitating factors is critical as it may result in complete resolution of acute episodes of OHE. Treatment goals include improvement of daily functioning, evaluation for liver transplantation, and prevention of OHE recurrence. For secondary prophylaxis, intolerance to indefinite lactulose therapy may lead to non-adherence and has been identified as a precipitating factor for recurrent OHE. Rifaximin is an effective add-on therapy to lactulose for treatment and prevention of recurrent OHE. Recent studies have demonstrated comparable efficacy of probiotic therapy to lactulose use in both primary prophylaxis and secondary prophylaxis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kandratavicius L, Peixoto-Santos JE, Monteiro MR, Scandiuzzi RC, Carlotti CG, Assirati JA, Hallak JE, Leite JP. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidities: a place for differential neuroinflammatory interplay. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:38. [PMID: 25889039 PMCID: PMC4347571 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the strong association between epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities, few biological substrates are currently described. We have previously reported neuropathological alterations in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients with major depression and psychosis that suggest a morphological and neurochemical basis for psychopathological symptoms. Neuroinflammatory-related structures and molecules might be part of the altered neurochemical milieu underlying the association between epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities, and such features have not been previously investigated in humans. METHODS MTLE hippocampi of subjects without psychiatric history (MTLEW), MTLE + major depression (MTLE + D), and MTLE + interictal psychosis (MTLE + P) derived from epilepsy surgery and control necropsies were investigated for reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), activated microglia (human leukocyte antigen, MHC class II (HLA-DR)), glial metallothionein-I/II (MT-I/II), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found an increased GFAP immunoreactive area in the molecular layers, granule cell layer, and cornus ammonis region 2 (CA2) and cornus ammonis region 1 (CA1) of MTLEW and MTLE + P, respectively, compared to MTLE + D. HLA-DR immunoreactive area was higher in cornus ammonis region 3 (CA3) of MTLE + P, compared to MTLE + D and MTLEW, and in the hilus, when compared to MTLEW. MTLEW cases showed increased MT-I/II area in the granule cell layer and CA1, compared to MTLE + P, and in the parasubiculum, when compared to MTLE + D and MTLE + P. Differences between MTLE and control, such as astrogliosis, microgliosis, increased MT-I/II, and decreased perivascular AQP4 in the epileptogenic hippocampus, were in agreement to what is currently described in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammatory-related molecules in MTLE hippocampus show a distinct pattern of expression when patients present with a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, similar to what is found in the pure forms of schizophrenia and major depression. Future studies focusing on inflammatory characteristics of MTLE with psychiatric comorbidities might help in the design of better therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmyla Kandratavicius
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Jose Eduardo Peixoto-Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Raquel Monteiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Caldo Scandiuzzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jaime Eduardo Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM - CNPq), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Joao Pereira Leite
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ballestín R, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Nacher J, López-Hidalgo R, Gilabert-Juan J, Moltó D, Varea E. Astrocytes of the murine model for Down Syndrome Ts65Dn display reduced intracellular ionic zinc. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:48-53. [PMID: 24911951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that is critical for a large number of structural proteins, enzymatic processes and transcription factors. In the brain, zinc ions are involved in synaptic transmission. The homeostasis of zinc is crucial for cell survival and function, and cells have developed a wide variety of systems to control zinc concentration. Alterations in free zinc concentration have been related with brain dysfunction. Down Syndrome individuals present alterations in free zinc concentration and in some of the proteins related with zinc homeostasis. We have analyzed the amount of free zinc and the zinc chelating protein metallothionein 3 in the astrocytes using primary cultures of the murine model Ts65Dn. We have observed a higher number of zinc positive spots in the cytoplasm of trisomic astrocytes but a decrease in the total concentration of total intracellular free zinc concentration (including the spots) respect to control astrocytes. Using FM1-43 staining, we found that the endocytic function remains unaltered. Therefore, a possible explanation for this lower concentration of free zinc could be the higher concentration of metallothionein 3 present in the cytoplasm of trisomic astrocytes. The blockade of metallothionein 3 expression using an specific siRNA induced an increase in the concentration of free zinc in basal conditions but failed to increase the uptake of zinc after incubation with zinc ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ballestín
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Rosa López-Hidalgo
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain; Genetics Department, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Dolores Moltó
- Genetics Department, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Emilio Varea
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ugarte M, Osborne NN, Brown LA, Bishop PN. Iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2013; 58:585-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
22
|
Martinho A, Gonçalves I, Santos CR. Glucocorticoids regulate metallothionein-1/2 expression in rat choroid plexus: effects on apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 376:41-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Hare DJ, Adlard PA, Doble PA, Finkelstein DI. Metallobiology of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. Metallomics 2013; 5:91-109. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Peixoto-Santos JE, Galvis-Alonso OY, Velasco TR, Kandratavicius L, Assirati JA, Carlotti CG, Scandiuzzi RC, Serafini LN, Leite JP. Increased metallothionein I/II expression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44709. [PMID: 23028585 PMCID: PMC3445538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, zinc is released along with glutamate during neurotransmission and, in excess, can promote neuronal death. Experimental studies have shown that metallothioneins I/II (MT-I/II), which chelate free zinc, can affect seizures and reduce neuronal death after status epilepticus. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of MT-I/II in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Hippocampi from patients with pharmacoresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and patients with TLE associated with tumor or dysplasia (TLE-TD) were evaluated for expression of MT-I/II, for the vesicular zinc levels, and for neuronal, astroglial, and microglial populations. Compared to control cases, MTLE group displayed widespread increase in MT-I/II expression, astrogliosis, microgliosis and reduced neuronal population. In TLE-TD, the same changes were observed, except that were mainly confined to fascia dentata. Increased vesicular zinc was observed only in the inner molecular layer of MTLE patients, when compared to control cases. Correlation and linear regression analyses indicated an association between increased MT-I/II and increased astrogliosis in TLE. MT-I/II levels did not correlate with any clinical variables, but MTLE patients with secondary generalized seizures (SGS) had less MT-I/II than MTLE patients without SGS. In conclusion, MT-I/II expression was increased in hippocampi from TLE patients and our data suggest that it is associated with astrogliosis and may be associated with different seizure spread patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Peixoto-Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orfa Yineth Galvis-Alonso
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tonicarlo Rodrigues Velasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmyla Kandratavicius
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Alberto Assirati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gilberto Carlotti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Caldo Scandiuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder Serafini
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lyubartseva G, Lovell MA. A potential role for zinc alterations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biofactors 2012; 38:98-106. [PMID: 22447723 PMCID: PMC3635097 DOI: 10.1002/biof.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the major causes of disability and mortality in Western societies, is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Increasing evidence suggests that the etiology of AD may involve disruptions of zinc (Zn) homeostasis. This review discusses current evidence supporting a potential role of Zn and zinc transporters (ZnTs) in processing of the amyloid beta protein precursor (APP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide generation and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Lyubartseva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia, AR 71753, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Peyre M, Commo F, Dantas-Barbosa C, Andreiuolo F, Puget S, Lacroix L, Drusch F, Scott V, Varlet P, Mauguen A, Dessen P, Lazar V, Vassal G, Grill J. Portrait of ependymoma recurrence in children: biomarkers of tumor progression identified by dual-color microarray-based gene expression analysis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12932. [PMID: 20885975 PMCID: PMC2945762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with ependymoma may experience a relapse in up to 50% of cases depending on the extent of resection. Key biological events associated with recurrence are unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings To discover the biology behind the recurrence of ependymomas, we performed CGHarray and a dual-color gene expression microarray analysis of 17 tumors at diagnosis co-hybridized with the corresponding 27 first or subsequent relapses from the same patient. As treatment and location had only limited influence on specific gene expression changes at relapse, we established a common signature for relapse. Eighty-seven genes showed an absolute fold change ≥2 in at least 50% of relapses and were defined as the gene expression signature of ependymoma recurrence. The most frequently upregulated genes are involved in the kinetochore (ASPM, KIF11) or in neural development (CD133, Wnt and Notch pathways). Metallothionein (MT) genes were downregulated in up to 80% of the recurrences. Quantitative PCR for ASPM, KIF11 and MT3 plus immunohistochemistry for ASPM and MT3 confirmed the microarray results. Immunohistochemistry on an independent series of 24 tumor pairs at diagnosis and at relapse confirmed the decrease of MT3 expression at recurrence in 17/24 tumor pairs (p = 0.002). Conversely, ASPM expression was more frequently positive at relapse (87.5% vs 37.5%, p = 0.03). Loss or deletion of the MT genes cluster was never observed at relapse. Promoter sequencing after bisulfite treatment of DNA from primary tumors and recurrences as well as treatment of short-term ependymoma cells cultures with a demethylating agent showed that methylation was not involved in MT3 downregulation. However, in vitro treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor or zinc restored MT3 expression. Conclusions/Significance The most frequent molecular events associated with ependymoma recurrence were over-expression of kinetochore proteins and down-regulation of metallothioneins. Metallothionein-3 expression is epigenetically controlled and can be restored in vitro by histone deacetylase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Peyre
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Commo
- CNRS FRE 2939, Bioinformatics Group, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Carmela Dantas-Barbosa
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Puget
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Necker Sick Children's Hospital, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Drusch
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Scott
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Biostatistics, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Dessen
- CNRS FRE 2939, Bioinformatics Group, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8203 “Vectorology and Anticancer Treatments”, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Role of metallothionein in cadmium traffic and toxicity in kidneys and other mammalian organs. Biometals 2010; 23:897-926. [PMID: 20549307 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are cysteine-rich, small metal-binding proteins present in various mammalian tissues. Of the four common metallothioneins, MT-1 and MT-2 (MTs) are expressed in most tissues, MT-3 is predominantly present in brain, whereas MT-4 is restricted to the squamous epithelia. The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 in some organs exhibits sex, age, and strain differences, and inducibility with a variety of stimuli. In adult mammals, MTs have been localized largely in the cell cytoplasm, but also in lysosomes, mitochondria and nuclei. The major physiological functions of MTs include homeostasis of essential metals Zn and Cu, protection against cytotoxicity of Cd and other toxic metals, and scavenging free radicals generated in oxidative stress. The role of MTs in Cd-induced acute and chronic toxicity, particularly in liver and kidneys, is reviewed in more details. In acute toxicity, liver is the primary target, whereas in chronic toxicity, kidneys are major targets of Cd. The intracellular MTs bind Cd ions and form CdMT. In chronic intoxication, Cd stimulates de novo synthesis of MTs; it is assumed that toxicity in the cells starts when loading with Cd ions exceeds the buffering capacity of intracellular MTs. CdMT, released from the Cd-injured organs, or when applied parenterally for experimental purposes, reaches the kidneys via circulation, where it is filtered, endocytosed in the proximal tubule cells, and degraded in lysosomes. Liberated Cd can immediately affect the cell structures and functions. The resulting proteinuria and CdMT in the urine can be used as biomarkers of tubular injury.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ontogenesis and migration of metallothionein I/II-containing glial cells in the human telencephalon during the second trimester. Brain Res 2010; 1327:16-23. [PMID: 20206148 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) belong to a widespread family of proteins characterized by a high metal content (mainly Cu(2+) and Zn(2+)) and by the presence of cysteine residues. The expression of metallothionein I-II (MT I/II), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and vimentin was examined in a series of 16 developing human brains of the second trimester. The brains of a stillborn/newborn individual and two postnatal individuals were studied for comparison. MT I/II-containing cells became consistently and clearly visible only from gestational week 21 onwards. On the other hand, several densely packed GFAP- and vimentin-containing elements were evident in the neuroepithelium at several periventricular locations and in the subventricular zone of all fetuses of the series. GFAP- and vimentin-containing elements also entered the intermediate plate, but only a few elements were evident in the outer layers of the maturing cortex. The relatively late onset of MT I/II expression and their distribution are discussed in relation to the uptake of trace elements during the last trimester of pregnancy, and the role of astrocytes in neuronal guidance and maturation of cortical circuits.
Collapse
|
30
|
Benetti F, Gasperini L, Zampieri M, Legname G. Gene expression profiling to identify druggable targets in prion diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:177-202. [PMID: 22822917 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903544449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Despite many recent advances in prion research, the molecular mechanisms by which prions cause neurodegeneration have not been established. In fact, the complexity and the novelty characterizing this class of disorders pose a huge challenge to drug discovery. Pharmacogenomics has recently adopted high-throughput transcriptome analyses to predict potential drug target candidates, with promising results in various fields of medicine. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The present work offers an overview of the transcriptional alterations induced by prion infection in different biological systems. Hereafter, therapeutic approaches are discussed in light of the identified altered processes. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review offers readers a detailed overview on microarray analyses, taking into account their advantages and limitations. Our work can help readers, from many research areas, to design a suitable microarray experiment. TAKE HOME MESSAGE So far, drugs acting on the pathways identified by microarray analysis have not been found to be effective in prion diseases therapy. An integration of gene expression profiling, proteomics and physiology should be applied to pursue this aim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Benetti
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Neurobiology Sector, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati-International School of Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS), Edificio Q1, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luber S, Reiher M. Theoretical Raman Optical Activity Study of the β Domain of Rat Metallothionein. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:1057-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909483q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luber
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zinc and cortical plasticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 59:347-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
33
|
Dong J, Robertson JD, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA. Serum zinc in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 15:443-50. [PMID: 18997297 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2008-15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies show significantly decreased levels of zinc transporter 1 (ZnT-1) in the brain of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) but significantly increased ZnT-1 in late stage AD (LAD). However, the reason for the apparent dichotomy is unclear. Based on in vivo studies that show animals provided a zinc (Zn) deficient diet demonstrate decreased brain ZnT-1, we used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify serum Zn levels from 18 living mild to moderate AD patients (9 men, 9 women), 19 MCI patients (9 men, 10 women) and 16 age-matched normal control (NC) subjects (9 men, 7 women). Zinc levels for all subjects were not significantly different among any of the three subject groups. However, there was a statistically significant decrease of serum Zn (11.7 +/- 0.5 microM) in men with MCI compared to women with MCI (13.7 +/- 0.6 microM) and NC men (13.9 +/- 0.6 microM). Serum Zn levels in probable AD patients were comparable to those in NC subjects. Overall, these data suggest a significant decrease of serum Zn in men with MCI, may explain the loss of ZnT-1 observed in previous studies and suggest there may be more pronounced sex differences in MCI than were previously recognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lovell MA. A potential role for alterations of zinc and zinc transport proteins in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:471-83. [PMID: 19276540 PMCID: PMC2881701 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple studies have suggested a role for alterations of zinc (Zn) and zinc transport (ZnT) proteins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the exact role of this essential trace element in the progression of the disease remains unclear. The following review discusses the normal role of Zn and ZnT proteins in brain and the potential effects of their alteration in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the processing of the amyloid-beta protein precursor and amyloid-beta peptide generation and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lovell
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rachidi W, Chimienti F, Aouffen M, Senator A, Guiraud P, Seve M, Favier A. Prion protein protects against zinc-mediated cytotoxicity by modifying intracellular exchangeable zinc and inducing metallothionein expression. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:214-23. [PMID: 19486831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PrPC contains several octapeptide repeats sequences toward the N-terminus which have binding affinity for divalent metals such as copper, zinc, nickel and manganese. However, the link between PrPC expression and zinc metabolism remains elusive. Here we studied the relationship between PrPC and zinc ions intracellular homeostasis using a cell line expressing a doxycycline-inducible PrPC gene. No significant difference in 65Zn2+ uptake was observed in cells expressing PrPC when compared with control cells. However, PrPC-expressing cells were more resistant to zinc-induced toxicity, suggesting an adaptative mechanism induced by PrPC. Using zinquin-ethyl-ester, a specific fluorophore for vesicular free zinc, we observed a significant re-localization of intracellular exchangeable zinc in vesicles after PrPC expression. Finally, we demonstrated that PrPC expression induces metallothionein (MT) expression, a zinc-upregulated zinc-binding protein. Taken together, these results suggest that PrPC modifies the intracellular localization of zinc rather than the cellular content and induces MT upregulation. These findings are of major importance since zinc deregulation is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders. It is postulated that in prion diseases the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc may deregulate zinc homeostasis mediated by metallothionein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Rachidi
- INAC/SCIB/LAN, CEA de Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Choi KH, Elashoff M, Higgs BW, Song J, Kim S, Sabunciyan S, Diglisic S, Yolken RH, Knable MB, Torrey EF, Webster MJ. Putative psychosis genes in the prefrontal cortex: combined analysis of gene expression microarrays. BMC Psychiatry 2008; 8:87. [PMID: 18992145 PMCID: PMC2585075 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-8-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown similarities between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in phenotypes and in genotypes, and those studies have contributed to an ongoing re-evaluation of the traditional dichotomy between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder with psychotic features may be closely related to schizophrenia and therefore, psychosis may be an alternative phenotype compared to the traditional diagnosis categories. METHODS We performed a cross-study analysis of 7 gene expression microarrays that include both psychosis and non-psychosis subjects. These studies include over 400 microarray samples (163 individual subjects) on 3 different Affymetrix microarray platforms. RESULTS We found that 110 transcripts are differentially regulated (p < 0.001) in psychosis after adjusting for confounding variables with a multiple regression model. Using a quantitative PCR, we validated a set of genes such as up-regulated metallothioneins (MT1E, MT1F, MT1H, MT1K, MT1X, MT2A and MT3) and down-regulated neuropeptides (SST, TAC1 and NPY) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of psychosis patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the advantages of cross-study analysis in detecting consensus changes in gene expression across multiple microarray studies. Differential gene expression between individuals with and without psychosis suggests that psychosis may be a useful phenotypic variable to complement the traditional diagnosis categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Choi
- Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Dr. Bldg 2C, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | - Jonathan Song
- Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Dr. Bldg 2C, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Dr. Bldg 2C, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sarven Sabunciyan
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 1105, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Suad Diglisic
- Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Dr. Bldg 2C, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 1105, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael B Knable
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, 8401 Connecticut Ave, Suite 200, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - E Fuller Torrey
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, 8401 Connecticut Ave, Suite 200, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Maree J Webster
- Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Dr. Bldg 2C, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nachman-Clewner M, Giblin FJ, Dorey CK, Blanks RHI, Dang L, Dougherty CJ, Blanks JC. Selective degeneration of central photoreceptors after hyperbaric oxygen in normal and metallothionein-knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:3207-15. [PMID: 18579766 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metallothioneins (MTs) in the brain and retina are believed to bind metals and reduce free radicals, thereby protecting neurons from oxidative damage. This study was undertaken to investigate whether retinal photoreceptor (PR) cells lacking MTs are more susceptible to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-induced cell death in vivo. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and MT-knockout (MT-KO) mice lacking metallothionein (MT)-1 and MT-2 were exposed to three atmospheres of 100% oxygen for 3 hours, 3 times per week for 1, 3, or 5 weeks. The control animals were not exposed. Histologic analysis of PR viability was performed by counting rows of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Ultrastructure studies verified PR damage. RESULTS HBO exposure produced a major loss of PR cells in the central retinas of WT and MT-KO mice, with no effect on the peripheral retina even at the longest (5 weeks) exposures. The degree of PR damage and cell death increased with duration of HBO exposure. One week of HBO exposure was insufficient to cause PR death, but tissue damage was observed in the inner and outer segments. At 3 weeks, the rows of PR nuclei in the central retina were significantly reduced by 38% in WT and 28% in MT-KO animals. At 5 weeks, PR loss was identical in WT (34%) and MT-KO (34%) animals and was comparable to that in WT at 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that MT-1 and -2 alone are not sufficient for protecting PRs against HBO-induced cell death. The selective degeneration of central PRs may provide clues to mechanisms of oxidative damage in retinal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nachman-Clewner
- College of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dhara K, Karan S, Ratha J, Roy P, Chandra G, Manassero M, Mallik B, Banerjee P. A two-dimensional coordination compound as a zinc ion selective luminescent probe for biological applications. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1091-100. [PMID: 17638378 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 2D coordination compound {[Cu2(HL)(N3)]ClO4}infinity (1; H3L = 2,6-bis(hydroxyethyliminoethyl)-4-methyl phenol) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to be a polymer in the crystalline state. Each [Cu2(HL)(N3)]+ species is connected to its adjacent unit by a bridging alkoxide oxygen atom of the ligand to form a helical propagation along the crystallographic a axis. The adjacent helical frameworks are connected by a ligand alcoholic oxygen atom along the crystallographic b axis to produce pleated 2D sheets. In solution, 1 dissociates into [Cu2(HL)2(H3L)]2H2O (2); the monomer displays high selectivity for Zn2+ and can be used in HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) as a zinc ion selective luminescent probe for biological application. The system shows a nearly 19-fold Zn2+-selective chelation-enhanced fluorescence response in the working buffer. Application of 2 to cultured living cells (B16F10 mouse melanoma and A375 human melanoma) and rat hippocampal slices was also studied by fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Dhara
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mishra M, Paunesku T, Woloschak GE, Siddique T, Zhu LJ, Lin S, Greco K, Bigio EH. Gene expression analysis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration of the motor neuron disease type with ubiquitinated inclusions. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114:81-94. [PMID: 17569064 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders share a process of aggregation of insoluble protein. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U) is characterized by the presence of ubiquitin and TDP-43 positive aggregates which are likely related to specific gene expression profiles. We carried out gene expression microarray analysis on post-mortem brain tissue from FTLD-U, FTLD-MND, and controls. Using total RNA from carefully dissected frontal cortical layer II, we obtained gene expression profiles showing that FTLD-U and controls differ in over 100 networks, including those involved in synapse formation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, endosomal sorting, and apoptosis. We performed qRT-PCR validation for three genes, representative of three different networks. Dynein axonemal light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1) (microtubule/cytoskeleton network associated) expression was 3-fold higher and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) (signal transduction network) was 3.3 times higher in FTLD-U than FTLD-MND and controls; annexin A2 (ANXA2) (endosomal sorting) expression was 11.3-fold higher in FTLD-U than FTLD-MND and 2.3-fold higher than controls. The identification of progranulin (PGRN) gene mutations and TDP-43 as the major protein component of the ubiquitinated inclusions, are two recent landmark discoveries in the field of FTLD-U. We found 1.5-fold increase in TDP-43 in both FTLD-MND and FTLD-U while progranulin showed no gene expression differences between controls and FTLD-MND. However, one of the FTLD-U cases tested by Affymetrix microarray showed "absence call" of this transcript, suggesting absent or decreased gene expression. Our findings point to specific gene-linked-pathways which may be influenced by neurodegenerative disease process and may be targeted for further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Mishra
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Méndez-Armenta M, Ríos C. Cadmium neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 23:350-8. [PMID: 21783780 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Cd has been recognized as one of the most toxic environmental and industrial pollutants due to its ability to induce disturbances in several organs and tissues following either acute or chronic exposure. This review accounts for the recent evidence on its mechanisms to induce neurotoxicity, the role of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, interference with calcium, and zinc-dependent processes and apoptosis induction as well as the modulatory effect of metallothionein. Discussion about cadmium neurotoxicity is centered on mechanisms of induction of cellular disfunctions. Future investigations must address those neuronal mechanisms in detail in order to understand cadmium-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Méndez-Armenta
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama Tlalpan C.P. 14269, D.F., Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kynurenines, redox disturbances and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2007:323-9. [PMID: 17982910 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-73574-9_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating disease of unknown origin. Sophisticated analytical methods have made it possible to measure small biologically active molecules at low endogenous levels, and understand their role in the network of other biologically active compounds actively involved in inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Evidence is accumulating as concerns the disturbances of the kynurenine pathway and redox changes in MS. A new promising metabolite of the kynurenine pathway seems to beneficially influence experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. More clinical evidence is needed to prove the role of kynurenic acid analogues and/or enzyme inhibitors as potential medications in MS in the future. Various compounds have been shown to be important in the pathophysiological processes of the disease and are targets for pharmaceutical intervention.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wen T, Fan X, Li M, Han J, Shi X, Xing L. Changes of metallothionein 1 and 3 mRNA levels with age in brain of senescence-accelerated mice and the effects of acupuncture. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2006; 34:435-47. [PMID: 16710893 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06003977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aging and acupuncture on brain MT1 and MT3 mRNA levels in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP10) and accelerated senescence resistant mice (SAMR1) were analyzed by Northern blot analysis. Both MT1 and MT3 mRNA levels in SAMR1 were increased significantly from birth to month 4 and decreased gradually thereafter. In SAMP10, the MT3 mRNA level followed the same pattern as in SAMR1 before month 4, then decreased from month 4 to 6, but was over-expressed and exceeded the previous level at month 8. The MT1 mRNA expression in SAMP10 showed a zigzag pattern. Of two groups of SAMP10 mice treated with acupuncture, the xingnao group (PC6 and Du26 as acupoints) and the zibuganshen group (BL18 and BL23 as acupoints), both showed a higher MT1 mRNA level and a lower MT3 mRNA level than the age-matched control group. Meanwhile, in both of the acupuncture groups, the ratios of MT3 to MT1 were down-regulated to the normal range. Overall, these results suggested that over-expression of MT3 mRNA and the increase in MT3 to MT1 ratios in SAMP10 were correlated with aging, and could be an important physiological and pathological event in the aging process. Acupuncture altered the expression levels of MT1 and MT3 mRNA and differences between the effects of the two stimulated acupoints were seen. Therefore, maintenance of the balance between MTs mRNA expression and correct MTs concentrations is crucial for brain-endocrine-immune response and normal aging. Acupuncture could improve zinc ion bioavailability, by maintaining the balance between MT1 and MT3 mRNA expression levels and might explain one of the mechanisms by which acupuncture treatments defer aging and treat some age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Wen
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yan J, Jiao Y, Jiao F, Stuart J, Donahue LR, Beamer WG, Li X, Roe BA, LeDoux MS, Gu W. Effects of carbonic anhydrase VIII deficiency on cerebellar gene expression profiles in the wdl mouse. Neurosci Lett 2006; 413:196-201. [PMID: 17174474 PMCID: PMC1865515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Revised: 10/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the waddles (wdl) mouse was identified as a carbonic anhydrase VIII (Car8) mutant. The mutation is associated with marked deficiency of Car8, an inositol triphosphate receptor 1-binding protein expressed at high levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells. To help unravel the molecular aberrations contributing to motor dysfunction in wdl mice, cerebellar gene expression profiles were examined in the mutants and their wild-type littermates. Genes involved in signaling, cell division, zinc ion-binding, synapse integrity and plasticity were downregulated in wdl mice. Several of the upregulated genes encode proteins that function in the Golgi apparatus which suggests that Car8 deficiency has important effects on synaptic vesicle formation and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yan Jiao
- Departments of Orthopedics Surgery- Campbell Clinic and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Feng Jiao
- Departments of Orthopedics Surgery- Campbell Clinic and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Stuart
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Xinmin Li
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce A. Roe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Mark S. LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Departments of Orthopedics Surgery- Campbell Clinic and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- ✉Corresponding author: Weikuan Gu, PhD., University of Tennessee Health Science Center, A331 Coleman Building, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163. Phone: 901-448-2259; Fax: 448-3343; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nolan EM, Ryu JW, Jaworski J, Feazell RP, Sheng M, Lippard SJ. Zinspy sensors with enhanced dynamic range for imaging neuronal cell zinc uptake and mobilization. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15517-28. [PMID: 17132019 PMCID: PMC2002492 DOI: 10.1021/ja065759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiophene moieties were incorporated into previously described Zinspy (ZS) fluorescent Zn(II) sensor motifs (Nolan, E. M.; Lippard, S. J. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 8310-8317) to provide enhanced fluorescence properties, low-micromolar dissociation constants for Zn(II), and improved Zn(II) selectivity. Halogenation of the xanthenone and benzoate moieties of the fluorescein platform systematically modulates the excitation and emission profiles, pH-dependent fluorescence, Zn(II) affinity, and Zn(II) complexation rates, offering a general strategy for tuning multiple properties of xanthenone-based metal ion sensors. Extensive biological studies in cultured cells and primary neuronal cultures demonstrate 2-{6-hydroxy-3-oxo-4,5-bis[(pyridin-2-ylmethylthiophen-2-ylmethylamino)methyl]-3H-xanthen-9-yl}benzoic acid (ZS5) to be a versatile imaging tool for detecting Zn(II) in vivo. ZS5 localizes to the mitochondria of HeLa cells and allows visualization of glutamate-mediated Zn(II) uptake in dendrites and Zn(II) release resulting from nitrosative stress in neurons.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ebadi M, Sharma S. Metallothioneins 1 and 2 attenuate peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2006; 231:1576-83. [PMID: 17018883 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined potent peroxynitrite ion (ONOO-) generator 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1)-induced neurotoxicity in control wild-type (control(wt)) mice, metallothionein double knockout (MT(dko)) mice, metallothionein-transgenic (MT(trans)) mice, and in cultured human dopaminergic (SK-N-SH) neurons to determine the neuroprotective potential of metallothionein against ONOO(-)-induced neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD). SIN-1-induced lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species synthesis, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis were attenuated by metallothionein gene overexpression and augmented by metallothionein gene down-regulation. A progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in weaver mutant (wv/wv) mice was associated with enhanced nitrite ion synthesis, metallothionein down-regulation, and significantly reduced dopamine synthesis and 18F-DOPA uptake as determined by high-resolution micropositron emission tomography neuroimaging. The striatal (18)F-DOPA uptake was significantly higher in MT(trans) mice than in MT(dko) and alpha-synuclein knockout (alpha-Syn(ko)) mice. These observations provide further evidence that nitric oxide synthase activation and ONOO- synthesis may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of PD, and that metallothionein gene induction may provide neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuchair Ebadi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lovell MA, Smith JL, Markesbery WR. Elevated zinc transporter-6 in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and pick disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2006; 65:489-98. [PMID: 16772872 DOI: 10.1097/01.jnen.0000229237.98124.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous cytoplasmic inclusions are hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Pick disease (PD). Although previous studies show elevated zinc (Zn) in AD brain, there has been little study of zinc transporter (ZnT) proteins that are critical in the maintenance of Zn homeostasis. Using Western blot analysis, we show significantly elevated ZnT-6, the protein responsible for sequestration of Zn in the trans-Golgi network, in the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (HPG) of AD subjects compared to age-matched controls and a trend toward elevated ZnT-6 in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Based on these data, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the cellular distribution of ZnT-6 in the HPG of control subjects and subjects with MCI, AD, and PD. Comparison of immediately adjacent serial sections stained using the modified Bielschowsky method and immunostained for ZnT-6 showed elevated ZnT-6 in 89 +/- 7% of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-bearing neurons in AD and 100 +/- 19% of Pick bodies in PD specimens. Confocal microscopy of HPG from MCI subjects double labeled for ZnT-6 and MC-1, a marker of early NFT formation, showed 85 +/- 4% of MC-1-positive cells were strongly ZnT-6-positive. Increased ZnT-6 immunostaining in neurons containing cytoplasmic inclusions in MCI, AD, and PD suggests a role for ZnT-6 in the pathogenesis of these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lovell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Espejo C, Martínez-Cáceres EM. The role of methallothioneins in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1051:88-96. [PMID: 16126947 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1361.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which oxidative stress plays a pathogenic role. Metallothioneins are antioxidant proteins induced in the CNS under conditions where oxidative stress has taken place, such as tissue injury, stress, and some neurodegenerative diseases, which have been postulated to play a neuroprotective role. In this review we summarize recent progress in understanding the regulation and function of methallothioneins during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Espejo
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
This review summarises the role that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play in demyelination, such as that occurring in the inflammatory demyelinating disorders multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g. superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite) can increase dramatically under conditions such as inflammation, and this can overwhelm the inherent antioxidant defences within lesions. Such oxidative and/or nitrative stress can damage the lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of cells and mitochondria, potentially causing cell death. Oligodendrocytes are more sensitive to oxidative and nitrative stress in vitro than are astrocytes and microglia, seemingly due to a diminished capacity for antioxidant defence, and the presence of raised risk factors, including a high iron content. Oxidative and nitrative stress might therefore result in vivo in selective oligodendrocyte death, and thereby demyelination. The reactive species may also damage the myelin sheath, promoting its attack by macrophages. Damage can occur directly by lipid peroxidation, and indirectly by the activation of proteases and phospholipase A2. Evidence for the existence of oxidative and nitrative stress within inflammatory demyelinating lesions includes the presence of both lipid and protein peroxides, and nitrotyrosine (a marker for peroxynitrite formation). The neurological deficit resulting from experimental autoimmune demyelinating disease has generally been reduced by trial therapies intended to diminish the concentration of reactive oxygen species. However, therapies aimed at diminishing reactive nitrogen species have had a more variable outcome, sometimes exacerbating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Smith JL, Xiong S, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA. Altered expression of zinc transporters-4 and -6 in mild cognitive impairment, early and late Alzheimer's disease brain. Neuroscience 2006; 140:879-88. [PMID: 16580781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that a disruption of zinc (Zn) homeostasis may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Although several Zn transporter proteins responsible for the regulation of Zn balance are present in the brain, there has been little study of these proteins in Alzheimer's disease. To determine if alterations of Zn transporter proteins exist, levels of Zn transporter-4, which functions to remove Zn from the cytoplasm to endosomal/lysosomal compartments, and Zn transporter-6, which allocates cytoplasmic Zn to the trans-Golgi network, were measured in the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum of subjects with mild cognitive impairment, early Alzheimer's disease, late stage Alzheimer's disease, and age-matched controls using Western blot analysis and protein specific antibodies. Our results show that Zn transporter-4 and Zn transporter-6 are significantly (P<0.05) increased in hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus of early Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Zn transporter-6 is also increased (P<0.1) in the superior and middle temporal gyrus of Alzheimer's disease brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nolan EM, Jaworski J, Okamoto KI, Hayashi Y, Sheng M, Lippard SJ. QZ1 and QZ2: rapid, reversible quinoline-derivatized fluoresceins for sensing biological Zn(II). J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:16812-23. [PMID: 16316228 PMCID: PMC1851667 DOI: 10.1021/ja052184t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
QZ1, 2-[2-chloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-(quinolin-8-ylaminomethyl)-3H-xanthen-9-yl]benzoic acid, and QZ2, 2-[6-hydroxy-3-oxo-4,5-bis-(quinolin-8-ylaminomethyl)-3H-xanthen-9-yl]benzoic acid, two fluorescein-based dyes derivatized with 8-aminoquinoline, have been prepared and their photophysical, thermodynamic, and zinc-binding kinetic properties determined. Because of their low background fluorescence and highly emissive Zn(II) complexes, QZ1 and QZ2 have a large dynamic range, with approximately 42- and approximately 150-fold fluorescence enhancements upon Zn(II) coordination, respectively. These dyes have micromolar K(d) values for Zn(II) and are selective for Zn(II) over biologically relevant concentrations of the alkali and alkaline earth metals. The Zn(II) complexes also fluoresce brightly in the presence of excess Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II), offering improved specificity for Zn(II) over di(2-picolyl)amine-based Zn(II) sensors. Stopped-flow kinetic investigations indicate that QZ1 and QZ2 bind Zn(II) with k(on) values of (3-4) x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), compared to (6-8) x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for select ZP (Zinpyr) dyes, at 4.3 degrees C. Dissociation of Zn(II) from QZ1 and QZ2 occurs with k(off) values of 150 and 160 s(-1), over 5 orders of magnitude larger than those for ZP probes, achieving reversibility on the biological (millisecond) time scale. Laser scanning confocal and two-photon microscopy studies reveal that QZ2 is cell-permeable and Zn(II)-responsive in vivo. Because of its weaker affinity for Zn(II), QZ2 responds to higher concentrations of intracellular Zn(II) than members of the ZP family, illustrating that binding affinity is an important parameter for Zn(II) detection in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|