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Li S, Zhang J, Moriyama M, Kazawa K. Spatially heterogeneous associations between the built environment and objective health outcomes in Japanese cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1205-1217. [PMID: 35670499 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2083086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The built environment is a structural determinant of health. Here we reveal spatially heterogeneous associations of built environment indicators with objective health outcomes (morbidity) by combining a random forest (RF) approach and a multiscale geographically weighted (MGWR) regression method. Using data from six Japanese cities, we found that the ratio of morbidity has obvious spatial agglomerations. The mixed land-use diversity with 1000 m buffer, distance to hospital, proportion of park area with 300 m buffer, and house price with 2000 m buffer, negatively affect health outcomes at all locations. For most locations, high PM2.5 or high floor area ratio with 2000 m buffer are linked to a high ratio of morbidity. Our findings support the use of such data for long-term urban and health planning. We expect our study to be a starting point for further research on spatially heterogeneous associations of the built environment with comprehensive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjin Li
- Mobilities and Urban Policy Lab, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Mobilities and Urban Policy Lab, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Michiko Moriyama
- Division of Nursing Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kana Kazawa
- Endowed Course, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Salas-Espejo E, Terrón-Camero LC, Ruiz JL, Molina NM, Andrés-León E. Exploring the Microbiome in Human Reproductive Tract: High-Throughput Methods for the Taxonomic Characterization of Microorganisms. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:125-143. [PMID: 38320576 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are important due to their widespread presence and multifaceted roles across various domains of life, ecology, and industries. In humans, they underlie the proper functioning of multiple systems crucial to well-being, including immunological and metabolic functions. Emerging research addressing the presence and roles of microorganisms within human reproduction is increasingly relevant. Studies implementing new methodologies (e.g., to investigate vaginal, uterine, and semen microenvironments) can now provide relevant insights into fertility, reproductive health, or pregnancy outcomes. In that sense, cutting-edge sequencing techniques, as well as others such as meta-metabolomics, culturomics, and meta-proteomics, are becoming more popular and accessible worldwide, allowing the characterization of microbiomes at unprecedented resolution. However, they frequently involve rather complex laboratory protocols and bioinformatics analyses, for which researchers may lack the required expertise. A suitable pipeline would successfully enable both taxonomic classification and functional profiling of the microbiome, providing easy-to-understand biological interpretations. However, the selection of an appropriate methodology would be crucial, as it directly impacts the reproducibility, accuracy, and quality of the results and observations. This review focuses on the different current microbiome-related techniques in the context of human reproduction, encompassing niches like vagina, endometrium, and seminal fluid. The most standard and reliable methods are 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and meta-transcriptomics, together with complementary approaches including meta-proteomics, meta-metabolomics, and culturomics. Finally, we also offer case examples and general recommendations about the most appropriate methods and workflows and discuss strengths and shortcomings for each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Salas-Espejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra" (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Ruiz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra" (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea M Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra" (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
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3
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Pykett J, Campbell N, Fenton SJ, Gagen E, Lavis A, Newbigging K, Parkin V, Williams J. Urban precarity and youth mental health: An interpretive scoping review of emerging approaches. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115619. [PMID: 36641884 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circumstances of living are key to shaping emotional and affective experiences, long term health, wellbeing and opportunities. In an era characterised by rapid urbanisation across the majority of the world, there is increasing interest in the interaction between mental health and urban environments, but insufficient attention is paid to how mental health is situated in space and time. Socio-economic inequalities are prevalent in many urban environments globally, making conditions of living highly precarious for some social groups including young people. There remains a large volume of unmet mental health service needs, and young people are impacted by uncertain economic futures. The purpose of this scoping review is to develop an interdisciplinary and globally-informed understanding of the urban conditions which affect youth mental health across a range of scales, and to identify protective factors which can promote better youth mental health. We seek to broaden the scope of urban mental health research beyond the physical features of urban environments to develop an interpretive framework based on perspectives shared by young people. We illustrate how concepts from social theory can be used as an integrative framework to emphasise both young people's lived experiences and the wider cultural and political dynamics of urban mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pykett
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Urban Wellbeing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Niyah Campbell
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Fenton
- School of Social Policy and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Gagen
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Llandinam Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, Wales, UK.
| | - Anna Lavis
- Institute of Applied Health Research and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Karen Newbigging
- School of Social Policy and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Verity Parkin
- Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences Alumni, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jessy Williams
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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4
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Dawud LM, Holbrook EM, Lowry CA. Evolutionary Aspects of Diverse Microbial Exposures and Mental Health: Focus on "Old Friends" and Stress Resilience. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 61:93-117. [PMID: 35947354 PMCID: PMC9918614 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory disease conditions, including allergies, asthma, and autoimmune disorders, increased during the latter half of the twentieth century, as societies transitioned from rural to urban lifestyles. A number of hypotheses have been put forward to explain the increasing prevalence of inflammatory disease in modern urban societies, including the hygiene hypothesis and the "Old Friends" hypothesis. In 2008, Rook and Lowry proposed, based on the evidence that increased inflammation was a risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders, that the hygiene hypothesis or "Old Friends" hypothesis may be relevant to psychiatric disorders. Since then, it has become more clear that chronic low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence now indicates that persons raised in modern urban environments without daily contact with pets, relative to persons raised in rural environments in proximity to farm animals, respond with greater systemic inflammation to psychosocial stress. Here we consider the possibility that increased inflammation in persons living in modern urban environments is due to a failure of immunoregulation, i.e., a balanced expression of regulatory and effector T cells, which is known to be dependent on microbial signals. We highlight evidence that microbial signals that can drive immunoregulation arise from phylogenetically diverse taxa but are strain specific. Finally, we highlight Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a soil-derived bacterium with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, as a case study of how single strains of bacteria might be used in a psychoneuroimmunologic approach for prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya'a M Dawud
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Evan M Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, USA.
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5
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Untargeted Fecal Metabolomic Analyses across an Industrialization Gradient Reveal Shared Metabolites and Impact of Industrialization on Fecal Microbiome-Metabolome Interactions. mSystems 2022; 7:e0071022. [PMID: 36416540 PMCID: PMC9765122 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00710-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolome is a central determinant of human phenotypes and includes the plethora of small molecules produced by host and microbiome or taken up from exogenous sources. However, studies of the metabolome have so far focused predominantly on urban, industrialized populations. Through an untargeted metabolomic analysis of 90 fecal samples from human individuals from Africa and the Americas-the birthplace and the last continental expansion of our species, respectively-we characterized a shared human fecal metabolome. The majority of detected metabolite features were ubiquitous across populations, despite any geographic, dietary, or behavioral differences. Such shared metabolite features included hyocholic acid and cholesterol. However, any characterization of the shared human fecal metabolome is insufficient without exploring the influence of industrialization. Here, we show chemical differences along an industrialization gradient, where the degree of industrialization correlates with metabolomic changes. We identified differential metabolite features such as amino acid-conjugated bile acids and urobilin as major metabolic correlates of these behavioral shifts. Additionally, coanalyses with over 5,000 publicly available human fecal samples and cooccurrence probability analyses with the gut microbiome highlight connections between the human fecal metabolome and gut microbiome. Our results indicate that industrialization significantly influences the human fecal metabolome, but diverse human lifestyles and behavior still maintain a shared human fecal metabolome. This study represents the first characterization of the shared human fecal metabolome through untargeted analyses of populations along an industrialization gradient. IMPORTANCE As the world becomes increasingly industrialized, understanding the biological consequences of these lifestyle shifts and what it means for past, present, and future human health is critical. Indeed, industrialization is associated with rises in allergic and autoimmune health conditions and reduced microbial diversity. Exploring these health effects on a chemical level requires consideration of human lifestyle diversity, but understanding the significance of any differences also requires knowledge of what molecular components are shared between human groups. Our study reveals the key chemistry of the human gut as defined by varied industrialization-based differences and ubiquitous shared features. Ultimately, these novel findings extend our knowledge of human molecular biology, especially as it is influenced by lifestyle and behavior, and provide steps toward understanding how human biology has changed over our species' history.
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Kuthyar S, Watson K, Huang S, Brent LJN, Platt M, Horvath J, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Martínez M, Godoy-Vitorino F, Knight R, Dominguez-Bello MG, Amato KR. Limited microbiome differences in captive and semi-wild primate populations consuming similar diets. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:fiac098. [PMID: 36047944 PMCID: PMC9528791 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial communities are shaped by a myriad of extrinsic factors, including diet and the environment. Although distinct human populations consistently exhibit different gut microbiome compositions, variation in diet and environmental factors are almost always coupled, making it difficult to disentangle their relative contributions to shaping the gut microbiota. Data from discrete animal populations with similar diets can help reduce confounds. Here, we assessed the gut microbiota of free-ranging and captive rhesus macaques with at least 80% diet similarity to test the hypothesis that hosts in difference environments will have different gut microbiomes despite a shared diet. Although we found that location was a significant predictor of gut microbial composition, the magnitude of observed differences was relatively small. These patterns suggest that a shared diet may limit the typical influence of environmental microbial exposure on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Kuthyar
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University 1810 Hinman Avenue Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karli Watson
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder 1777 Exposition Drive Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4PY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Ave Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6018, USA
- Department of Marketing, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104, PA, USA
| | - Julie Horvath
- Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 W Jones St, Raleigh, NC, 27601, USA
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Department, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Campus Box 90383 Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 3510 Thomas Hall Campus Box 7614 Raleigh, NC, USA 27695, USA
| | - Janis Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Cayo Santiago, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico, Humacao 00741, Puerto Rico
| | - Melween Martínez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Cayo Santiago, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico, Humacao 00741, Puerto Rico
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO BOX 365067 San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, USA 08901, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA 1810, USA
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University 1810 Hinman Avenue Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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7
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Palacios-García I, Mhuireach GA, Grasso-Cladera A, Cryan JF, Parada FJ. The 4E approach to the human microbiome: Nested interactions between the gut-brain/body system within natural and built environments. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100249. [PMID: 35338496 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the human mind and its interaction with the environment is one of the main epistemological debates throughout history. Recent ideas, framed as the 4E perspective to cognition, highlight that human experience depends causally on both cerebral and extracranial processes, but also is embedded in a particular sociomaterial context and is a product of historical accumulation of trajectory changes throughout life. Accordingly, the human microbiome is one of the most intriguing actors modulating brain function and physiology. Here, we present the 4E approach to the Human Microbiome for understanding mental processes from a broader perspective, encompassing one's body physiology and environment throughout their lifespan, interconnected by microbiome community structure and dynamics. We review evidence supporting the approach theoretically and motivates the study of the global set of microbial ecosystem networks encountered by a person across their lifetime (from skin to gut to natural and built environments). We furthermore trace future empirical implementation of the approach. We finally discuss novel research opportunities and clinical interventions aimed toward developing low-cost/high-benefit integrative and personalized bio-psycho-socio-environmental treatments for mental health and including the brain-gut-microbiome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Palacios-García
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Psicofisiología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gwynne A Mhuireach
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Aitana Grasso-Cladera
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francisco J Parada
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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Bowyer RCE, Twohig-Bennett C, Coombes E, Wells PM, Spector TD, Jones AP, Steves CJ. Microbiota composition is moderately associated with greenspace composition in a UK cohort of twins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152321. [PMID: 34915018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to natural environments, known as greenspace, appears to positively influence health, yet the mechanisms are unclear. Given that gut microbiota are associated with inflammatory disorders more prevalent in urban areas and individuals with lower greenspace exposure, microbiota may act as a mediator between greenspace and health. Using 2443 participants of the TwinsUK cohort, microbiota differences were compared in relation to rural/urban living and with quantiles of area-level greenspace at three different neighbourhood distances: 800 m, 3000 m and 5000 m. Using microbiota data captured from faecal samples using 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing, small compositional differences in association with 3000 m greenspace (p = 0.003) in models adjusted for confounders of microbiota variance (sequencing depth, antibiotics use, body mass index, frailty, age, diet, region and socioeconomic variables) were observed. Differences in abundances of genus were observed for all measures of greenspace in adjusted models; a key pathogenic genus was increased in abundance in association with urbanicity (Escherichia/Shigella, logFC = 0.73742, padj <0.001). Further, utilising the twin structure, within-pair differences in microbiota composition were compared and associations with 800 m greenspace observed (factor level significance in association with greatest difference, β = 0.08, p = 0.0162) as were differences in Escherichia/Shigella. The microbiota signature of those with a greater exposure to greenspace, but not necessarily explicitly rural individuals, was distinct from other individuals, suggesting microbiota as a potential mediator for greenspace and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | | | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Philippa M Wells
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Andy P Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Ageing and Health, St Thomas' Hospital, 9th floor, North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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9
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Gebrayel P, Nicco C, Al Khodor S, Bilinski J, Caselli E, Comelli EM, Egert M, Giaroni C, Karpinski TM, Loniewski I, Mulak A, Reygner J, Samczuk P, Serino M, Sikora M, Terranegra A, Ufnal M, Villeger R, Pichon C, Konturek P, Edeas M. Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution. J Transl Med 2022; 20:111. [PMID: 35255932 PMCID: PMC8900094 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within the human body consisting of trillions of microbes called gut microbiota. The normal flora is the site of many physiological functions such as enhancing the host immunity, participating in the nutrient absorption and protecting the body against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and many organs within the human body such as the intestines, the lungs, the brain, and the skin. Large body of evidence demonstrated, more than a decade ago, that the gut microbial alteration is a key factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic disorders. In this regard, a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in the gut microbial symbiosis/dysbiosis is crucial for the clinical and health field. We review the most recent studies on the involvement of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of many diseases. We also elaborate the different strategies used to manipulate the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of disorders. The future of medicine is strongly related to the quality of our microbiota. Targeting microbiota dysbiosis will be a huge challenge.
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10
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Delgado Corrales B, Kaiser R, Nerlich P, Agraviador A, Sherry A. BioMateriOME: To understand microbe-material interactions within sustainable, living architectures. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 122:77-126. [PMID: 37085194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BioMateriOME evolved from a prototyping process which was informed from discussions between a team of designers, architects and microbiologists, when considering constructing with biomaterials or human cohabitation with novel living materials in the built environment. The prototype has two elements (i) BioMateriOME-Public (BMP), an interactive public materials library, and (ii) BioMateriOME-eXperimental (BMX), a replicated materials library for rigorous microbiome experimentation. The prototype was installed into the OME, a unique experimental living house, in order to (1) gain insights into society's perceptions of living materials, and (2) perform a comparative analysis of indoor surface microbiome development on novel biomaterials in contrast to conventional indoor surfaces, respectively. This review summarizes the BioMateriOME prototype and its use as a tool in combining microbiology, design, architecture and social science. The use of microbiology and biological components in the fabrication of biomaterials is provided, together with an appreciation of the microbial communities common to conventional indoor surfaces, and how these communities may change in response to the implementation of living materials in our homes. Societal perceptions of microbiomes and biomaterials, are considered within the framework of healthy architecture. Finally, features of architectural design with microbes in mind are introduced, with the possibility of codifying microbial surveillance into design and construction benchmarks, standards and regulations toward healthier buildings and their occupants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Delgado Corrales
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Romy Kaiser
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Nerlich
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Armand Agraviador
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Sherry
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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11
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Álvarez Castelló M, Almaguer Chávez M. Climate Change and Allergies. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Abstract
In this article, we argue that a careful examination of human microbiome science's relationship with race and racism is necessary to foster equitable social and ecological relations in the field. We point to the origins and evolution of the problematic use of race in microbiome literature by demonstrating the increased usage of race both explicitly and implicitly in and beyond the human microbiome sciences. We demonstrate how these uses limit the future of rigorous and just microbiome research. We conclude with an outline of alternative actionable ways to build a more effective, antiracist microbiome science.
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13
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Variation in Microbial Exposure at the Human-Animal Interface and the Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Health Outcome. mSystems 2021; 6:e0056721. [PMID: 34342530 PMCID: PMC8407385 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00567-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome varies between populations, largely reflecting ecological differences. One ecological variable that is rarely considered but may contribute substantially to microbiome variation is the multifaceted nature of human-animal interfaces. We present the hypothesis that different interactions with animals contribute to shaping the human microbiome globally. We utilize a One Health framework to explore how changes in microbial exposure from human-animal interfaces shape the microbiome and, in turn, contribute to differential human health across populations, focusing on commensal and pathogen exposure, changes in colonization resistance and immune system training, and the potential for other functional shifts. Although human-animal interfaces are known to underlie human health and particularly infectious disease disparities, since their impact on the human microbiome remains woefully understudied, we propose foci for future research. We believe it will be crucial to understand this critical aspect of biology and its impacts on human health around the globe.
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Grahn P, Ottosson J, Uvnäs-Moberg K. The Oxytocinergic System as a Mediator of Anti-stress and Instorative Effects Induced by Nature: The Calm and Connection Theory. Front Psychol 2021; 12:617814. [PMID: 34290636 PMCID: PMC8286993 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever more research results demonstrate that human health and wellbeing are positively affected by stays in and/or exposure to natural areas, which leads, among other things, to a reduction in high stress levels. However, according to the studies, these natural areas must meet certain qualities. The qualities that are considered to be most health promoting are those that humans perceive in a positive way. Theories about how natural areas can reduce people's stress levels and improve their coping skills have mainly focused on how certain natural areas that are perceived as safe reduce the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and consequent reduction of cortisol levels. This article discusses studies containing descriptions of how participants in rehabilitation perceive and react to natural phenomena. The common core variable in the analyzed studies was the experience of calm and connection, and this experience was associated with a reduction in stress levels and with being able to develop health and coping skills. We suggest that this experience provides a possible role for the oxytocinergic system to act as a physiological mediator for the positive and health-promoting effects in humans caused by nature. The theory is mainly based on analogies framed by theories and data from the fields of environmental psychology, horticulture, landscape architecture, medicine, and neuroscience. Oxytocin promotes different kinds of social interaction and bonding and exerts stress-reducing and healing effects. We propose that oxytocin is released by certain natural phenomena experienced as positive to decrease the levels of fear and stress, increase levels of trust and wellbeing, and possibly develop attachment or bonding to nature. By these effects, oxytocin will induce health-promoting effects. In situations characterized by low levels of fear and stress in response to release of oxytocin, the capacity for "growth" or psychological development might also be promoted. Such an instorative effect of nature, i.e., the capacity of nature to promote reorientation and the creation of new coping strategies, might hence represent an additional aspect of the oxytocin-linked effect profile, triggered in connection with certain nature phenomena. We conclude by proposing that the stress-relieving, health-promoting, restorative, and instorative effects of nature may involve activation of the oxytocinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Grahn
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Johan Ottosson
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Section of Anthrozoology and Applied Ethology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
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15
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Neighborhood Environment Associates with Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084296. [PMID: 33919545 PMCID: PMC8072883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neighborhoods and the microbiome are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet investigations to identify microbiome-related factors at neighborhood levels have not been widely investigated. We sought to explore relationships between neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide. We hypothesized that inflammatory markers and dietary intake would be mediators of the relationship. Methods: African-American adults at risk for CVD living in the Washington, DC area were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study. US census-based neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) measures (at the census-tract level) were determined. Serum samples were analyzed for CVD risk factors, cytokines, and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Self-reported dietary intake based on food groups was collected. Results: Study participants (n = 60) were predominantly female (93.3%), with a mean (SD) age of 60.83 (+/−10.52) years. Mean (SD) NDI was −1.54 (2.94), and mean (SD) TMAO level was 4.99 (9.65) µmol/L. Adjusting for CVD risk factors and BMI, NDI was positively associated with TMAO (β = 0.31, p = 0.02). Using mediation analysis, the relationship between NDI and TMAO was significantly mediated by TNF-α (60.15%) and interleukin)-1 β (IL; 49.96%). When controlling for clustering within neighborhoods, the NDI-TMAO association was no longer significant (β = 5.11, p = 0.11). However, the association between NDI and IL-1 β (β = 0.04, p = 0.004) and TNF-α (β = 0.17, p = 0.003) remained. Neither NDI nor TMAO was significantly associated with daily dietary intake. Conclusion and Relevance: Among a small sample of African-American adults at risk for CVD, there was a significant positive relationship with NDI and TMAO mediated by inflammation. These hypothesis-generating results are initial and need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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Vilcins D, Scarth P, Sly PD, Jagals P, Knibbs LD, Baker P. The association of fractional cover, foliage projective cover and biodiversity with birthweight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143051. [PMID: 33127150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental exposures can contribute both benefits and risks to human health. Maternal exposure to green space has been associated with improvements in birthweight, among other birth outcomes. Newer measures of green space have been developed, which allows for an exploration of the effect of different ground covers (green, dry and bare earth), as well as measures of biodiversity. This study explores the association of these novel green space measures with birthweight in a large birth cohort in Queensland, Australia. METHODS Birthweight was acquired from the routine health records. Records were allocated green space values for fractional cover, biodiversity and foliage projective cover. Directed acyclic graphs were developed to guide variable selection. Mixed-effects linear regression and generalised linear mixed-effects models were developed, with random intercepts for maternal residential locality and year of birth. Results are presented as standardised beta coefficients or odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS An IQR increase of green cover (29.6 g, 95% CI 13.8-45.5) and foliage projective cover (26.0 g, 95% CI 10.8-41.3) are associated with birthweight in urban areas. An IQR increase in dry cover -34.4 g, 95% CI -60.4 to -8.4) and bare earth (-17.7 g, 95% CI -32.8 to -2.6) are associated with lower birthweight. Mothers living in rural areas had similar results, with an IQR increase in green cover (17.8 g, 95% CI 2.9-32.7) associated with higher birthweight, and bare earth (-27.7 g, 95% CI -45.7 to -9.7) was associated with lower birthweight. The biodiversity measure used in this study was not associated with any birthweight outcomes. CONCLUSION This study finds that the types of ground cover within the maternal residential locality are associated with small, but significant, changes in estimated birthweight, and these effects are not limited to urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwan Vilcins
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, L7 Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane 4101, QLD, Australia.
| | - Peter Scarth
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, L2, Room 210, Steele Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia, 4072.
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, L7 Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane 4101, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul Jagals
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, L7 Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane 4101, QLD, Australia.
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 288 Herston Rd, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
| | - Peter Baker
- School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 288 Herston Rd, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
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17
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Sfriso R, Claypool J. Microbial Reference Frames Reveal Distinct Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after Cleansing. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111634. [PMID: 33113896 PMCID: PMC7690701 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cleansing represents a process of mechanical and chemical removal of dirt, pollutants as well as microbiota from the skin. While skin cleansing can help maintain good health, protect us from infections, illnesses and ailments, skin cleansing can also strip away lipids and moisture from the skin, leading to irritation, barrier impairment and disturbance of the delicate cutaneous microbiome. This study investigated how skin cleansing impacts skin’s microbial composition. Thirty Caucasian women were enrolled in a placebo controlled clinical study where participants applied on their volar forearms a liquid body wash twice daily for 1 week in order to mimic frequent showering. Skin microbiome samples were collected by swabbing at defined timepoints and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. Using “reference frames”, we could identify shifts in the microbial composition and several microbiota were identified as being characteristically associated with the presence of saccharide isomerate, a well-known skin moisturizer. The microbial shift was quite immediate, and we could observe it already at 1 h post cleansing. Interestingly, the new microbial composition reached a certain dynamic equilibrium at day 1 which was then maintained until the end of the study. Paracoccus marcusii, a potentially beneficial carotenoid-producer microorganism, was enriched by the active treatment and, at the same time, the abundance of several potential pathogenic taxa, Brevibacterium casei and Rothia mucilaginosa, diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sfriso
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joshua Claypool
- DSM Nutritional Products, Nutrition Innovation Center, Lexington, MA 02421, USA;
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18
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Willows S, Alam SB, Sandhu JK, Kulka M. A Canadian perspective on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and treatment: how prevalent underlying inflammatory disease contributes to pathogenesis. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:173-194. [PMID: 33027600 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a global pandemic. Canada reported its first case of COVID-19 on the 25th January 2020. By March 2020, the virus had spread within Canadian communities reaching the most frail and vulnerable elderly population in long-term care facilities. The majority of cases were reported in the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, and the highest mortality was seen among individuals aged 65 years or older. Canada has the highest prevalence and incidence rates of several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Parkinson's disease. Many elderly Canadians also live with comorbid medical illnesses, such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease, and are more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19 with a poor prognosis. It is becoming increasingly evident that underlying inflammatory disease contributes to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the host inflammatory responses that lead to resolution or progression to severe COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, we discuss the landscape of COVID-19 therapeutics that are currently in development in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Willows
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Syed Benazir Alam
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jagdeep K Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Karaivazoglou K, Konstantakis C, Assimakopoulos SF, Triantos C. Neonate gut colonization: The rise of a social brain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13767. [PMID: 31788958 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota constitutes an integral part of human physiology, playing an important role in maintaining health, and compositional or functional changes in intestinal microbiota may be associated with the emergence of several chronic diseases. Animal and human studies have shown that there is a dynamic cross-talk between intestinal microorganisms and brain networks which has an impact on neurodevelopment and may be extremely critical in shaping human social behavior. PURPOSE The aim of the current review is to appraise and present in a concise manner all findings linking the evolution of neonate and infant gut colonization with early social development and to formulate scientifically informed hypotheses which could guide future research on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Karaivazoglou
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Centre for Children with Developmental Disorders, EPSYPEA, Mesolongi, Greece
| | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
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20
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Langgartner D, Zambrano CA, Heinze JD, Stamper CE, Böbel TS, Hackl SB, Jarczok MN, Rohleder N, Rook GA, Gündel H, Waller C, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Association of the Salivary Microbiome With Animal Contact During Early Life and Stress-Induced Immune Activation in Healthy Participants. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:353. [PMID: 32457661 PMCID: PMC7223923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of stress-associated somatic and psychiatric disorders is increased in environments offering a narrow relative to a wide range of microbial exposure. Moreover, different animal and human studies suggest that an overreactive immune system not only accompanies stress-associated disorders, but might even be causally involved in their pathogenesis. In support of this hypothesis, we recently showed that urban upbringing in the absence of daily contact with pets, compared to rural upbringing in the presence of daily contact with farm animals, is associated with a more pronounced immune activation following acute psychosocial stressor exposure induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Here we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to test whether this difference in TSST-induced immune activation between urban upbringing in the absence of daily contact with pets (n = 20) compared with rural upbringing in the presence of daily contact with farm animals (n = 20) is associated with differences in the composition of the salivary microbiome. Although we did not detect any differences in alpha or beta diversity measures of the salivary microbiome between the two experimental groups, statistical analysis revealed that the salivary microbial beta diversity was significantly higher in participants with absolutely no animal contact (n = 5, urban participants) until the age of 15 compared to all other participants (n = 35) reporting either daily contact with farm animals (n = 20, rural participants) or occasional pet contact (n = 15, urban participants). Interestingly, when comparing these urban participants with absolutely no pet contact to the remaining urban participants with occasional pet contact, the former also displayed a significantly higher immune, but not hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis or sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, following TSST exposure. In summary, we conclude that only urban upbringing with absolutely no animal contact had long-lasting effects on the composition of the salivary microbiome and potentiates the negative consequences of urban upbringing on stress-induced immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jared D Heinze
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Till S Böbel
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sascha B Hackl
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Graham A Rook
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Medical Center (RMRMC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, United States.,inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Abstract
The microbiome is proving to be increasingly important for human brain functioning. A series of recent studies have shown that the microbiome influences the central nervous system in various ways, and consequently acts on the psychological well-being of the individual by mediating, among others, the reactions of stress and anxiety. From a specifically neuroethical point of view, according to some scholars, the particular composition of the microbiome-qua microbial community-can have consequences on the traditional idea of human individuality. Another neuroethical aspect concerns the reception of this new knowledge in relation to clinical applications. In fact, attention to the balance of the microbiome-which includes eating behavior, the use of psychobiotics and, in the treatment of certain diseases, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation-may be limited or even prevented by a biased negative attitude. This attitude derives from a prejudice related to everything that has to do with the organic processing of food and, in general, with the human stomach and intestine: the latter have traditionally been regarded as low, dirty, contaminated and opposed to what belongs to the mind and the brain. This biased attitude can lead one to fail to adequately consider the new anthropological conceptions related to the microbiome, resulting in a state of health, both physical and psychological, inferior to what one might have by paying the right attention to the knowledge available today. Shifting from the ubiquitous high-low metaphor (which is synonymous with superior-inferior) to an inside-outside metaphor can thus be a neuroethical strategy to achieve a new and unbiased reception of the discoveries related to the microbiome.
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22
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Identification and characterization of a novel anti-inflammatory lipid isolated from Mycobacterium vaccae, a soil-derived bacterium with immunoregulatory and stress resilience properties. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1653-1670. [PMID: 31119329 PMCID: PMC6626661 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mycobacterium vaccae (NCTC 11659) is an environmental saprophytic bacterium with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and stress resilience properties. Previous studies have shown that whole, heat-killed preparations of M. vaccae prevent allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. Recent studies also demonstrate that immunization with M. vaccae prevents stress-induced exaggeration of proinflammatory cytokine secretion from mesenteric lymph node cells stimulated ex vivo, prevents stress-induced exaggeration of chemically induced colitis in a model of inflammatory bowel disease, and prevents stress-induced anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses. Furthermore, immunization with M. vaccae induces anti-inflammatory responses in the brain and prevents stress-induced exaggeration of microglial priming. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of M. vaccae are not known. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to identify and characterize novel anti-inflammatory molecules from M. vaccae NCTC 11659. METHODS We have purified and identified a unique anti-inflammatory triglyceride, 1,2,3-tri [Z-10-hexadecenoyl] glycerol, from M. vaccae and evaluated its effects in freshly isolated murine peritoneal macrophages. RESULTS The free fatty acid form of 1,2,3-tri [Z-10-hexadecenoyl] glycerol, 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid, decreased lipopolysaccharide-stimulated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 ex vivo. Meanwhile, next-generation RNA sequencing revealed that pretreatment with 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid upregulated genes associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, in association with a broad transcriptional repression of inflammatory markers. We confirmed using luciferase-based transfection assays that 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid activated PPARα signaling, but not PPARγ, PPARδ, or retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α signaling. The effects of 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated secretion of IL-6 were prevented by PPARα antagonists and absent in PPARα-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Future studies should evaluate the effects of 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid on stress-induced exaggeration of peripheral inflammatory signaling, central neuroinflammatory signaling, and anxiety- and fear-related defensive behavioral responses.
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23
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Risk of Human Pathogen Internalization in Leafy Vegetables During Lab-Scale Hydroponic Cultivation. HORTICULTURAE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae5010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is a growing industry for the production of leafy vegetables and fresh produce in general. Moreover, CEA is a potentially desirable alternative production system, as well as a risk management solution for the food safety challenges within the fresh produce industry. Here, we will focus on hydroponic leafy vegetable production (including lettuce, spinach, microgreens, and herbs), which can be categorized into six types: (1) nutrient film technique (NFT), (2) deep water raft culture (DWC), (3) flood and drain, (4) continuous drip systems, (5) the wick method, and (6) aeroponics. The first five are the most commonly used in the production of leafy vegetables. Each of these systems may confer different risks and advantages in the production of leafy vegetables. This review aims to (i) address the differences in current hydroponic system designs with respect to human pathogen internalization risk, and (ii) identify the preventive control points for reducing risks related to pathogen contamination in leafy greens and related fresh produce products.
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Moossavi S, Bishehsari F. Microbes: possible link between modern lifestyle transition and the rise of metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2019; 20:407-419. [PMID: 30548384 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid decrease in infectious diseases globally has coincided with an increase in the prevalence of obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common feature of metabolic syndrome and can be influenced by genetic and non-genetic/environmental factors. The emergence of metabolic syndrome epidemics over only a few decades suggests a more prominent role of the latter. Changes in our environment and lifestyle have indeed paralleled the rise in metabolic syndrome. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota, the composition of which plays a significant role in host physiology, including metabolism and energy homeostasis, are distinctly different within the context of metabolic syndrome. Among humans, recent lifestyle-related changes could be linked to changes in diversity and composition of 'ancient' microbiota. Given the co-adaptation and co-evolution of microbiota with the immune system over a long period of time, it is plausible that such lifestyle-related microbiota changes could trigger aberrant immune responses, thereby predisposing an individual to a variety of diseases. Here, we review current evidence supporting a role for gut microbiota in the ongoing rise of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that population-level shifts in microbiota can play a mediatory role between lifestyle factors and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moossavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - F Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:237-269. [PMID: 30386921 PMCID: PMC6334733 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that chronic adverse experience, especially chronic psychosocial stress/trauma, represents a major risk factor for the development of many somatic and affective disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic stress-associated disorders are still in large part unknown, and current treatment and prevention strategies lack efficacy and reliability. A greater understanding of mechanisms involved in the development and persistence of chronic stress-induced disorders may lead to novel approaches to prevention and treatment of these disorders. In this review, we provide evidence indicating that increases in immune (re-)activity and inflammation, potentially promoted by a reduced exposure to immunoregulatory microorganisms ("Old Friends") in today's modern society, may be causal factors in mediating the vulnerability to development and persistence of stress-related pathologies. Moreover, we discuss strategies to increase immunoregulatory processes and attenuate inflammation, as for instance contact with immunoregulatory Old Friends, which appears to be a promising strategy to promote stress resilience and to prevent/treat chronic stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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26
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Brenner LA, Hoisington AJ, Stearns-Yoder KA, Stamper CE, Heinze JD, Postolache TT, Hadidi DA, Hoffmire CA, Stanislawski MA, Lowry CA. Military-Related Exposures, Social Determinants of Health, and Dysbiosis: The United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:400. [PMID: 30510919 PMCID: PMC6252388 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant effort has been put forth to increase understanding regarding the role of the human microbiome in health- and disease-related processes. In turn, the United States (US) Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP) was conceptualized as a means by which to serially collect microbiome and health-related data from those seeking care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). In this manuscript, exposures related to military experiences, as well as conditions and health-related factors among patients seen in VHA clinical settings are discussed in relation to common psychological and physical outcomes. Upon enrollment in the study, Veterans complete psychometrically sound (i.e., reliable and valid) measures regarding their past and current medical history. Participants also provide skin, oral, and gut microbiome samples, and permission to track their health status via the VHA electronic medical record. To date, data collection efforts have been cross-diagnostic. Within this manuscript, we describe current data collection practices and procedures, as well as highlight demographic, military, and psychiatric characteristics of the first 188 Veterans enrolled in the study. Based on these findings, we assert that this cohort is unique as compared to those enrolled in recent large-scale studies of the microbiome. To increase understanding regarding disease and health among diverse cohorts, efforts such as the US-VMP are vital. Ongoing barriers and facilitators to data collection are discussed, as well as future research directions, with an emphasis on the importance of shifting current thinking regarding the microbiome from a focus on normalcy and dysbiosis to health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Systems Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
| | - Kelly A Stearns-Yoder
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jared D Heinze
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,VISN 5 MIRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel A Hadidi
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claire A Hoffmire
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maggie A Stanislawski
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (MIRECC), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Cam pus, Aurora, CO, United States
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27
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Maki KA, Diallo AF, Lockwood MB, Franks AT, Green SJ, Joseph PV. Considerations When Designing a Microbiome Study: Implications for Nursing Science. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 21:125-141. [PMID: 30409024 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418811639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nurse scientists play an important role in studying complex relationships among human genetics, environmental factors, and the microbiome, all of which can contribute to human health and disease. Therefore, it is essential that they have the tools necessary to execute a successful microbiome research study. The purpose of this article is to highlight important methodological factors for nurse scientists to consider when designing a microbiome study. In addition to considering factors that influence host-associated microbiomes (i.e., microorganisms associated with organisms such as humans, mice, and rats), this manuscript highlights study designs and methods for microbiome analysis. Exemplars are presented from nurse scientists who have incorporated microbiome methods into their program of research. This review is intended to be a resource to guide nursing-focused microbiome research and highlights how study of the microbiome can be incorporated to answer research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Maki
- 1 Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana F Diallo
- 2 Institute of Inclusion, Inquiry and Innovation, Richmond Health and Wellness Clinics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mark B Lockwood
- 1 Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexis T Franks
- 3 Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- 4 Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- 3 Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Herd P, Palloni A, Rey F, Dowd JB. Social and population health science approaches to understand the human microbiome. Nat Hum Behav 2018; 2:808-815. [PMID: 31457107 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome is now considered our 'second genome' with potentially comparable importance to the genome in determining human health. There is, however, a relatively limited understanding of the broader environmental factors, particularly social conditions, that shape variation in human microbial communities. Fulfilling the promise of microbiome research - particularly the microbiome's potential for modification - will require collaboration between biologists and social and population scientists. For life scientists, the plasticity and adaptiveness of the microbiome calls for an agenda to understand the sensitivity of the microbiome to broader social environments already known to be powerful predictors of morbidity and mortality. For social and population scientists, attention to the microbiome may help answer nagging questions about the underlying biological mechanisms that link social conditions to health. We outline key substantive and methodological advances that can be made if collaborations between social and population health scientists and life scientists are strategically pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Herd
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alberto Palloni
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Federico Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dowd
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.,CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Nygaard AB, Charnock C. Longitudinal development of the dust microbiome in a newly opened Norwegian kindergarten. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:159. [PMID: 30219104 PMCID: PMC6138906 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Norway, 91% of children aged 1-5 attend kindergarten where they are exposed to indoor microbiomes which can have relevance for development and health. In order to gain a better understanding of the composition of the indoor microbiome and how it is affected by occupancy over time, floor dust samples from a newly opened kindergarten were investigated. Samples were collected during an 11-month period. Samples were analyzed for bacterial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples were also screened for four clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes. In addition, Petrifilm analyses were used to evaluate surface hygiene. RESULTS Significant changes in the microbial community composition were observed over time (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05). Particularly, changes in the abundance and the proportions of human associated bacteria were found. A decrease in the prevalence of Propionibacterium from over 16% abundance to less than 1% and an increase in Streptococcus from 10 to 16% were the most significant findings. Four classes of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes were tested for; three were detected in the dust, indicating the presence of resistant bacteria and a potential for resistance spread. Petrifilm analysis showed that some surfaces in the kindergarten were of consistent poor hygienic quality, and new hygienic routines are required. CONCLUSIONS This study, which is the first of its kind performed at a newly opened kindergarten, reveals changes in the microbiome over time as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and hygiene issues which are of relevance for occupant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Nygaard
- Disease and Environmental Exposures Research Group, Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Civil Engineering and Energy Technology, OsloMet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Colin Charnock
- Disease and Environmental Exposures Research Group, Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Logan AC, Prescott SL, Haahtela T, Katz DL. The importance of the exposome and allostatic load in the planetary health paradigm. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:15. [PMID: 29866162 PMCID: PMC5987475 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1980, Jonas Salk (1914-1995) encouraged professionals in anthropology and related disciplines to consider the interconnections between "planetary health," sociocultural changes associated with technological advances, and the biology of human health. The concept of planetary health emphasizes that human health is intricately connected to the health of natural systems within the Earth's biosphere; experts in physiological anthropology have illuminated some of the mechanisms by which experiences in natural environments (or the built environment) can promote or detract from health. For example, shinrin-yoku and related research (which first emerged from Japan in the 1990s) helped set in motion international studies that have since examined physiological responses to time spent in natural and/or urban environments. However, in order to advance such findings into planetary health discourse, it will be necessary to further understand how these biological responses (inflammation and the collective of allostatic load) are connected to psychological constructs such as nature relatedness, and pro-social/environmental attitudes and behaviors. The exposome refers to total environmental exposures-detrimental and beneficial-that can help predict biological responses of the organism to environment over time. Advances in "omics" techniques-metagenomics, proteomics, metabolomics-and systems biology are allowing researchers to gain unprecedented insight into the physiological ramifications of human behavior. Objective markers of stress physiology and microbiome research may help illuminate the personal, public, and planetary health consequences of "extinction of experience." At the same time, planetary health as an emerging multidisciplinary concept will be strengthened by input from the perspectives of physiological anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C. Logan
- In-VIVO Global Initiative, Research Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, Suite #4081, West New York, NJ 07093 USA
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, PO Box D184, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO BOX 160, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - David L. Katz
- Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Yale University, 130 Division St, Derby, CT 06418 USA
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31
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Dysbiotic drift and biopsychosocial medicine: how the microbiome links personal, public and planetary health. Biopsychosoc Med 2018; 12:7. [PMID: 29743938 PMCID: PMC5932796 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-018-0126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of planetary health emphasizes that the health of human civilization is intricately connected to the health of natural systems within the Earth’s biosphere; here, we focus on the rapidly progressing microbiome science - the microbiota-mental health research in particular - as a way to illustrate the pathways by which exposure to biodiversity supports health. Microbiome science is illuminating the ways in which stress, socioeconomic disadvantage and social polices interact with lifestyle and behaviour to influence the micro and macro-level biodiversity that otherwise mediates health. Although the unfolding microbiome and mental health research is dominated by optimism in biomedical solutions (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics), we focus on the upstream psychosocial and ecological factors implicated in dysbiosis; we connect grand scale biodiversity in the external environment with differences in human-associated microbiota, and, by extension, differences in immune function and mental outlook. We argue that the success of planetary health as a new concept will be strengthened by a more sophisticated understanding of the ways in which individuals develop emotional connections to nature (nature relatedness) and the social policies and practices which facilitate or inhibit the pro-environmental values that otherwise support personal, public and planetary health.
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32
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Less immune activation following social stress in rural vs. urban participants raised with regular or no animal contact, respectively. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5259-5264. [PMID: 29712842 PMCID: PMC5960295 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719866115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results show that a standardized laboratory psychosocial stressor causes a greater inflammatory response in young healthy participants with an urban upbringing in the absence of pets, relative to young healthy participants with a rural upbringing in the presence of farm animals. In view of the known links between persistent inflammatory states and psychiatric disturbances, and considering that many stress-associated physical and mental disorders are more prevalent in environments offering a narrow range of microbial exposures, we feel that our findings are of general interest and significance. Moreover, we feel our study is timely, as urbanization and the associated socioeconomic consequences are increasing. Urbanization is on the rise, and environments offering a narrow range of microbial exposures are linked to an increased prevalence of both physical and mental disorders. Human and animal studies suggest that an overreactive immune system not only accompanies stress-associated disorders but might even be causally involved in their pathogenesis. Here, we show in young [mean age, years (SD): rural, 25.1 (0.78); urban, 24.5 (0.88)] healthy human volunteers that urban upbringing in the absence of pets (n = 20), relative to rural upbringing in the presence of farm animals (n = 20), was associated with a more pronounced increase in the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations following acute psychosocial stress induced by the Trier social stress test (TSST). Moreover, ex vivo-cultured PBMCs from urban participants raised in the absence of animals secreted more IL-6 in response to the T cell-specific mitogen Con A. In turn, antiinflammatory IL-10 secretion was suppressed following TSST in urban participants raised in the absence of animals, suggesting immunoregulatory deficits, relative to rural participants raised in the presence of animals. Questionnaires, plasma cortisol, and salivary α-amylase, however, indicated the experimental protocol was more stressful and anxiogenic for rural participants raised in the presence of animals. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that urban vs. rural upbringing in the absence or presence of animals, respectively, increases vulnerability to stress-associated physical and mental disorders by compromising adequate resolution of systemic immune activation following social stress and, in turn, aggravating stress-associated systemic immune activation.
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33
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Malan-Muller S, Valles-Colomer M, Raes J, Lowry CA, Seedat S, Hemmings SM. The Gut Microbiome and Mental Health: Implications for Anxiety- and Trauma-Related Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:90-107. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Malan-Muller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Mireia Valles-Colomer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-Core), Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, Colorado
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Sian M.J. Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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34
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Nilsson RH, Taylor AFS, Adams RI, Baschien C, Johan Bengtsson-Palme, Cangren P, Coleine C, Heide-Marie Daniel, Glassman SI, Hirooka Y, Irinyi L, Reda Iršėnaitė, Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez, Meyer W, Seung-Yoon Oh, Jose Paulo Sampaio, Seifert KA, Sklenář F, Dirk Stubbe, Suh SO, Summerbell R, Svantesson S, Martin Unterseher, Cobus M. Visagie, Weiss M, Woudenberg JHC, Christian Wurzbacher, den Wyngaert SV, Yilmaz N, Andrey Yurkov, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. Taxonomic annotation of public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment - a report from an April 10-11, 2017 workshop (Aberdeen, UK). MycoKeys 2018; 28:65-82. [PMID: 29559822 PMCID: PMC5804120 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.28.20887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the built environment is surprisingly rich in fungi. These indoor fungi - whether transient visitors or more persistent residents - may hold clues to the rising levels of human allergies and other medical and building-related health problems observed globally. The taxonomic identity of these fungi is crucial in such pursuits. Molecular identification of the built mycobiome is no trivial undertaking, however, given the large number of unidentified, misidentified, and technically compromised fungal sequences in public sequence databases. In addition, the sequence metadata required to make informed taxonomic decisions - such as country and host/substrate of collection - are often lacking even from reference and ex-type sequences. Here we report on a taxonomic annotation workshop (April 10-11, 2017) organized at the James Hutton Institute/University of Aberdeen (UK) to facilitate reproducible studies of the built mycobiome. The 32 participants went through public fungal ITS barcode sequences related to the built mycobiome for taxonomic and nomenclatural correctness, technical quality, and metadata availability. A total of 19,508 changes - including 4,783 name changes, 14,121 metadata annotations, and the removal of 99 technically compromised sequences - were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (https://unite.ut.ee/) and shared with a range of other databases and downstream resources. Among the genera that saw the largest number of changes were Penicillium, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Acremonium, and Alternaria, all of them of significant importance in both culture-based and culture-independent surveys of the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Henrik Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andy F. S. Taylor
- The James Hutton Institute and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel I. Adams
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Cangren
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology and Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside 92501, CA, USA
| | - Heide-Marie Daniel
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, BCCM/MUCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sydney I. Glassman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yuuri Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo Japan 184-8584
| | - Laszlo Irinyi
- Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Reda Iršėnaitė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų ežerų Str. 49, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 4. Materials & Environment, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Seung-Yoon Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jose Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DCV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Frantisek Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Stubbe
- BCCM/IHEM, Scientific Institute of Public Health WIV-ISP, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sung-Oui Suh
- ATCC, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Richard Summerbell
- Sporometrics, 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M6K 1Y9
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5T 3M7
| | - Sten Svantesson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Unterseher
- Evangelisches Schulzentrum Martinschule, Max-Planck-Str. 7, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cobus M. Visagie
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
- Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood 0121, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Weiss
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum, Organismische Mykologie und Mikrobiologie, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joyce HC Woudenberg
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Wurzbacher
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Silke Van den Wyngaert
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhuette 2, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Andrey Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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35
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Prescott SL, Larcombe DL, Logan AC, West C, Burks W, Caraballo L, Levin M, Etten EV, Horwitz P, Kozyrskyj A, Campbell DE. The skin microbiome: impact of modern environments on skin ecology, barrier integrity, and systemic immune programming. World Allergy Organ J 2017; 10:29. [PMID: 28855974 PMCID: PMC5568566 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-017-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier structure and function is essential to human health. Hitherto unrecognized functions of epidermal keratinocytes show that the skin plays an important role in adapting whole-body physiology to changing environments, including the capacity to produce a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and cytokine that can potentially influence whole-body states, and quite possibly, even emotions. Skin microbiota play an integral role in the maturation and homeostatic regulation of keratinocytes and host immune networks with systemic implications. As our primary interface with the external environment, the biodiversity of skin habitats is heavily influenced by the biodiversity of the ecosystems in which we reside. Thus, factors which alter the establishment and health of the skin microbiome have the potential to predispose to not only cutaneous disease, but also other inflammatory non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Indeed, disturbances of the stratum corneum have been noted in allergic diseases (eczema and food allergy), psoriasis, rosacea, acne vulgaris and with the skin aging process. The built environment, global biodiversity losses and declining nature relatedness are contributing to erosion of diversity at a micro-ecological level, including our own microbial habitats. This emphasises the importance of ecological perspectives in overcoming the factors that drive dysbiosis and the risk of inflammatory diseases across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Prescott
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia and Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, PO Box D184, Perth, WA 6001 Australia.,In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA
| | - Danica-Lea Larcombe
- In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA.,School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Alan C Logan
- In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA
| | - Christina West
- In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wesley Burks
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Michael Levin
- In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA.,Division of Paediatric Allergy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eddie Van Etten
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Pierre Horwitz
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Anita Kozyrskyj
- In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- In-FLAME Global Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, USA.,Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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36
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Ruokolainen L, Lehtimäki J, Karkman A, Haahtela T, Hertzen LV, Fyhrquist N. Holistic View on Health: Two Protective Layers of Biodiversity. ANN ZOOL FENN 2017. [DOI: 10.5735/086.054.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Ruokolainen
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Lehtimäki
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Karkman
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 160, FI-00029 HUCH, Finland
| | - Leena von Hertzen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 160, FI-00029 HUCH, Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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