1
|
Yazdanpanah M, Yazdanpanah N, Gamache I, Ong K, Perry JRB, Manousaki D. Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization for age at menarche and age at natural menopause. Genome Med 2024; 16:69. [PMID: 38802955 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of metabolism in the variation of age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) in the female population is not entirely known. We aimed to investigate the causal role of circulating metabolites in AAM and ANM using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We combined MR with genetic colocalization to investigate potential causal associations between 658 metabolites and AAM and between 684 metabolites and ANM. We extracted genetic instruments for our exposures from four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on circulating metabolites and queried the effects of these variants on the outcomes in two large GWAS from the ReproGen consortium. Additionally, we assessed the mediating role of the body mass index (BMI) in these associations, identified metabolic pathways implicated in AAM and ANM, and sought validation for selected metabolites in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). RESULTS Our analysis identified 10 candidate metabolites for AAM, but none of them colocalized with AAM. For ANM, 76 metabolites were prioritized (FDR-adjusted MR P-value ≤ 0.05), with 17 colocalizing, primarily in the glycerophosphocholines class, including the omega-3 fatty acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC) categories. Pathway analyses and validation in ALSPAC mothers also highlighted the role of omega and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in delaying age at menopause. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that metabolites from the glycerophosphocholine and fatty acid families play a causal role in the timing of both menarche and menopause. This underscores the significance of specific metabolic pathways in the biology of female reproductive longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nahid Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Isabel Gamache
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ken Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Despoina Manousaki
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poyraz L, Colbran LL, Mathieson I. Predicting Functional Consequences of Recent Natural Selection in Britain. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae053. [PMID: 38466119 PMCID: PMC10962637 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ancient DNA can directly reveal the contribution of natural selection to human genomic variation. However, while the analysis of ancient DNA has been successful at identifying genomic signals of selection, inferring the phenotypic consequences of that selection has been more difficult. Most trait-associated variants are noncoding, so we expect that a large proportion of the phenotypic effects of selection will also act through noncoding variation. Since we cannot measure gene expression directly in ancient individuals, we used an approach (Joint-Tissue Imputation [JTI]) developed to predict gene expression from genotype data. We tested for changes in the predicted expression of 17,384 protein coding genes over a time transect of 4,500 years using 91 present-day and 616 ancient individuals from Britain. We identified 28 genes at seven genomic loci with significant (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) changes in predicted expression levels in this time period. We compared the results from our transcriptome-wide scan to a genome-wide scan based on estimating per-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selection coefficients from time series data. At five previously identified loci, our approach allowed us to highlight small numbers of genes with evidence for significant shifts in expression from peaks that in some cases span tens of genes. At two novel loci (SLC44A5 and NUP85), we identify selection on gene expression not captured by scans based on genomic signatures of selection. Finally, we show how classical selection statistics (iHS and SDS) can be combined with JTI models to incorporate functional information into scans that use present-day data alone. These results demonstrate the potential of this type of information to explore both the causes and consequences of natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Poyraz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Laura L Colbran
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bolognini D, Halgren A, Lou RN, Raveane A, Rocha JL, Guarracino A, Soranzo N, Chin J, Garrison E, Sudmant PH. Global diversity, recurrent evolution, and recent selection on amylase structural haplotypes in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579378. [PMID: 38370750 PMCID: PMC10871346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The adoption of agriculture, first documented ~12,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, triggered a rapid shift toward starch-rich diets in human populations. Amylase genes facilitate starch digestion and increased salivary amylase copy number has been observed in some modern human populations with high starch intake, though evidence of recent selection is lacking. Here, using 52 long-read diploid assemblies and short read data from ~5,600 contemporary and ancient humans, we resolve the diversity, evolutionary history, and selective impact of structural variation at the amylase locus. We find that both salivary and pancreatic amylase genes have higher copy numbers in populations with agricultural subsistence compared to fishing, hunting, and pastoral groups. We identify 28 distinct amylase structural architectures and demonstrate that identical structures have arisen independently multiple times throughout recent human history. Using a pangenome graph-based approach to infer structural haplotypes across thousands of humans, we identify extensively duplicated haplotypes present at higher frequencies in modern agricultural populations. Leveraging 534 ancient human genomes we find that duplication-containing haplotypes have increased in frequency more than seven-fold over the last 12,000 years providing evidence for recent selection in Eurasians at this locus comparable in magnitude to that at lactase. Together, our study highlights the strong impact of the agricultural revolution on human genomes and the importance of long-read sequencing in identifying signatures of selection at structurally complex loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Halgren
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Runyang Nicolas Lou
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Joana L Rocha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Andrea Guarracino
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | | | - Jason Chin
- Foundation for Biological Data Science, Belmont, CA, USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sublette ME, Daray FM, Ganança L, Shaikh SR. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder and suicide risk. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:269-286. [PMID: 37993501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are obtained from diet or derived from essential shorter-chain fatty acids, and are crucial for brain development and functioning. Fundamentally, LC-PUFAs' neurobiological effects derive from their physicochemical characteristics, including length and double bond configuration, which differentiate LC-PUFA species and give rise to functional differences between n(omega)-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs. LC-PUFA imbalances are implicated in psychiatric disorders, including major depression and suicide risk. Dietary intake and genetic variants in enzymes involved in biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from shorter chain fatty acids influence LC-PUFA status. Domains impacted by LC-PUFAs include 1) cell signaling, 2) inflammation, and 3) bioenergetics. 1) As major constituents of lipid bilayers, LC-PUFAs are determinants of cell membrane properties of viscosity and order, affecting lipid rafts, which play a role in regulation of membrane-bound proteins involved in cell-cell signaling, including monoaminergic receptors and transporters. 2) The n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA balance profoundly influences inflammation. Generally, metabolic products of n-6 LC-PUFAs (eicosanoids) are pro-inflammatory, while those of n-3 LC-PUFAs (docosanoids) participate in the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, n-3 LC-PUFAs suppress microglial activation and the ensuing proinflammatory cascade. 3) N-3 LC-PUFAs in the inner mitochondrial membrane affect oxidative stress, suppressing production of and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), with neuroprotective benefits. Until now, this wealth of knowledge about LC-PUFA biomechanisms has not been adequately tapped to develop translational studies of LC-PUFA clinical effects in humans. Future studies integrating neurobiological mechanisms with clinical outcomes may suggest ways to identify depressed individuals most likely to respond to n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation, and mechanistic research may generate new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Federico Manuel Daray
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Licínia Ganança
- Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Nutritional Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wimalasena ST, Ramírez-Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Stein AD, Sun YV, Rivera JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on offspring cardiometabolic health at 11 years differs by maternal single nucleotide polymorphism rs174602: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial in Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:1123-1132. [PMID: 37839707 PMCID: PMC10797513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding long-term effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on offspring cardiometabolic health (CMH). Inconsistent results may be attributable to variants of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring CMH and investigate effect modification by maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602. METHODS We used follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Mexico in which pregnant females received 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo from midgestation until delivery. The study sample included 314 offspring with data at age 11 y and maternal FADS genetic data (DHA: n = 160; Placebo: n = 154). We derived a Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose concentrations, and systolic blood pressure. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on offspring MetS score and test interactions between treatment group and genotype, adjusting for maternal, offspring, and household factors. RESULTS Offspring MetS score did not differ significantly by treatment group. We observed evidence of effect modification by maternal SNP rs174602 (P = 0.001); offspring of maternal TT genotype who received DHA had lower MetS score relative to the placebo group (DHA (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)): -0.21 ± 0.11, n = 21; Placebo: 0.05 ± 0.11, n = 23; Δ= -0.26 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.04), P = 0.09); among CC maternal genotype carriers, offspring of mothers who received DHA had higher MetS score (0.18 ± 0.06, n = 62) relative to the placebo group (-0.05 ± 0.06, n = 65, Δ=0.24 (0.06, 0.41), P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring MetS score differed by maternal FADS SNP rs174602. These findings further support incorporating genetic analysis of FADS polymorphisms in DHA supplementation trials. CLINICAL TRIAL DETAILS This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00646360.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Aryeh D Stein
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Juan A Rivera
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU-Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU-Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Poyraz L, Colbran LL, Mathieson I. Predicting functional consequences of recent natural selection in Britain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562549. [PMID: 37904954 PMCID: PMC10614889 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ancient DNA can directly reveal the contribution of natural selection to human genomic variation. However, while the analysis of ancient DNA has been successful at identifying genomic signals of selection, inferring the phenotypic consequences of that selection has been more difficult. Most trait-associated variants are non-coding, so we expect that a large proportion of the phenotypic effects of selection will also act through non-coding variation. Since we cannot measure gene expression directly in ancient individuals, we used an approach (Joint-Tissue Imputation; JTI) developed to predict gene expression from genotype data. We tested for changes in the predicted expression of 17,384 protein coding genes over a time transect of 4500 years using 91 present-day and 616 ancient individuals from Britain. We identified 28 genes at seven genomic loci with significant (FDR < 0.05) changes in predicted expression levels in this time period. We compared the results from our transcriptome-wide scan to a genome-wide scan based on estimating per-SNP selection coefficients from time series data. At five previously identified loci, our approach allowed us to highlight small numbers of genes with evidence for significant shifts in expression from peaks that in some cases span tens of genes. At two novel loci (SLC44A5 and NUP85), we identify selection on gene expression not captured by scans based on genomic signatures of selection. Finally we show how classical selection statistics (iHS and SDS) can be combined with JTI models to incorporate functional information into scans that use present-day data alone. These results demonstrate the potential of this type of information to explore both the causes and consequences of natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Poyraz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Laura L. Colbran
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davyson E, Shen X, Gadd DA, Bernabeu E, Hillary RF, McCartney DL, Adams M, Marioni R, McIntosh AM. Metabolomic Investigation of Major Depressive Disorder Identifies a Potentially Causal Association With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:630-639. [PMID: 36764567 PMCID: PMC10804990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic differences have been reported between individuals with and without major depressive disorder (MDD), but their consistency and causal relevance have been unclear. METHODS We conducted a metabolome-wide association study of MDD with 249 metabolomic measures available in the UK Biobank (n = 29,757). We then applied two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis to identify potentially causal relationships between each metabolite and MDD. RESULTS A total of 191 metabolites tested were significantly associated with MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05), which decreased to 129 after adjustment for likely confounders. Lower abundance of omega-3 fatty acid measures and a higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio showed potentially causal effects on liability to MDD. There was no evidence of a causal effect of MDD on metabolite levels. Furthermore, genetic signals associated with docosahexaenoic acid colocalized with loci associated with MDD within the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster. Post hoc Mendelian randomization of gene-transcript abundance within the fatty acid desaturase cluster demonstrated a potentially causal association with MDD. In contrast, colocalization analysis did not suggest a single causal variant for both transcript abundance and MDD liability, but rather the likely existence of two variants in linkage disequilibrium with one another. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that decreased docosahexaenoic acid and increased omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio may be causally related to MDD. These findings provide further support for the causal involvement of fatty acids in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Davyson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danni A Gadd
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Bernabeu
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Marioni
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osuna E, Herter-Aeberli I, Probst S, Emery S, Albermann M, Baumgartner N, Strumberger M, Ricci C, Schmeck K, Walitza S, Hersberger M, Zimmermann MB, Häberling I, Berger G, Baumgartner J. Associations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and intake with paediatric major depressive disorder in Swiss adolescents: A case-control study. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:355-365. [PMID: 37437731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest a link between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, n-3 PUFA status, and depression in adults, but studies in adolescents are scarce. This study aimed to determine associations of n-3 PUFA status and intake with paediatric major depressive disorder (pMDD) in Swiss adolescents. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study in 95 adolescents diagnosed with pMDD and 95 healthy controls aged 13 to <18 years. We analysed red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total FA). n-3 PUFA intake was assessed using a focused food frequency questionnaire and depression severity was assessed by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). RESULTS Mean RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were lower in cases than controls (EPA: 0.41 ± 0.11 vs 0.46 ± 0.12, p < 0.001; DHA: 4.07 ± 1.04 vs 4.73 ± 1.04, p < 0.001). Subsequently, the mean RBC n-3 index was lower (4.51 ± 1.10 vs 5.20 ± 1.11, p < 0.001) and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio higher (5.51 ± 1.25 vs 4.96 ± 1.08, p < 0.001) in cases than controls. Adolescents with a higher n-3 index had lower odds for depression (OR = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.32-0.71]). In contrast, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with higher odds for depression (OR = 1.58 [95% CI: 1.14-2.25]). Intake of alpha-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher RBC n-3 PUFA status during adolescence is associated with a lower risk for pMDD, whereas a higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio is associated with a higher risk for pMDD. Differences in n-3 PUFA intake did not explain the observed differences in n-3 PUFA status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Osuna
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Probst
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Emery
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona Albermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Baumgartner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Psychiatry St. Gallen, Wil, SG, Switzerland
| | - Michael Strumberger
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHER), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Baumgartner
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ho E, Drake VJ, Michels AJ, Nkrumah-Elie YM, Brown LL, Scott JM, Newman JW, Shukitt-Hale B, Soumyanath A, Chilton FH, Lindemann SR, Shao A, Mitmesser SH. Perspective: Council for Responsible Nutrition Science in Session. Optimizing Health with Nutrition-Opportunities, Gaps, and the Future. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:948-958. [PMID: 37270030 PMCID: PMC10509435 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving optimal health is an aspirational goal for the population, yet the definition of health remains unclear. The role of nutrition in health has evolved beyond correcting malnutrition and specific deficiencies and has begun to focus more on achieving and maintaining 'optimal' health through nutrition. As such, the Council for Responsible Nutrition held its October 2022 Science in Session conference to advance this concept. Here, we summarize and discuss the findings of their Optimizing Health through Nutrition - Opportunities and Challenges workshop, including several gaps that need to be addressed to advance progress in the field. Defining and evaluating various indices of optimal health will require overcoming these key gaps. For example, there is a strong need to develop better biomarkers of nutrient status, including more accurate markers of food intake, as well as biomarkers of optimal health that account for maintaining resilience-the ability to recover from or respond to stressors without loss to physical and cognitive performance. In addition, there is a need to identify factors that drive individualized responses to nutrition, including genotype, metabotypes, and the gut microbiome, and to realize the opportunity of precision nutrition for optimal health. This review outlines hallmarks of resilience, provides current examples of nutritional factors to optimize cognitive and performance resilience, and gives an overview of various genetic, metabolic, and microbiome determinants of individualized responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Nutrition Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
| | - Victoria J Drake
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | | | - LaVerne L Brown
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Scott
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrew Shao
- ChromaDex External Research Program, Los Angeles, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang C, Veenstra J, Bartz TM, Pahl MC, Hallmark B, Chen YDI, Westra J, Steffen LM, Brown CD, Siscovick D, Tsai MY, Wood AC, Rich SS, Smith CE, O'Connor TD, Mozaffarian D, Grant SFA, Chilton FH, Tintle NL, Lemaitre RN, Manichaikul A. Genome-wide association studies and fine-mapping identify genomic loci for n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Hispanic American and African American cohorts. Commun Biol 2023; 6:852. [PMID: 37587153 PMCID: PMC10432561 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in human health. Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European Americans from the CHARGE Consortium have documented strong genetic signals in/near the FADS locus on chromosome 11. We performed a GWAS of four n-3 and four n-6 PUFAs in Hispanic American (n = 1454) and African American (n = 2278) participants from three CHARGE cohorts. Applying a genome-wide significance threshold of P < 5 × 10-8, we confirmed association of the FADS signal and found evidence of two additional signals (in DAGLA and BEST1) within 200 kb of the originally reported FADS signal. Outside of the FADS region, we identified novel signals for arachidonic acid (AA) in Hispanic Americans located in/near genes including TMX2, SLC29A2, ANKRD13D and POLD4, and spanning a > 9 Mb region on chromosome 11 (57.5 Mb ~ 67.1 Mb). Among these novel signals, we found associations unique to Hispanic Americans, including rs28364240, a POLD4 missense variant for AA that is common in CHARGE Hispanic Americans but absent in other race/ancestry groups. Our study sheds light on the genetics of PUFAs and the value of investigating complex trait genetics across diverse ancestry populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jenna Veenstra
- Departments of Biology and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Hallmark
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jason Westra
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Connor
- Institute for Genome Sciences; Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Tufts School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamamoto H, Lee-Okada HC, Ikeda M, Nakamura T, Saito T, Takata A, Yokomizo T, Iwata N, Kato T, Kasahara T. GWAS-identified bipolar disorder risk allele in the FADS1/2 gene region links mood episodes and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in mutant mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2848-2856. [PMID: 36806390 PMCID: PMC10615742 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on bipolar disorder (BD) have implicated the involvement of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus. These enzymes (FADS1 and FADS2) are involved in the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are thought to potentially benefit patients with mood disorders. To model reductions in the activity of FADS1/2 affected by the susceptibility alleles, we generated mutant mice heterozygously lacking both Fads1/2 genes. We measured wheel-running activity over six months and observed bipolar swings in activity, including hyperactivity and hypoactivity. The hyperactivity episodes, in which activity was far above the norm, usually lasted half a day; mice manifested significantly shorter immobility times on the behavioral despair test performed during these episodes. The hypoactivity episodes, which lasted for several weeks, were accompanied by abnormal circadian rhythms and a marked decrease in wheel running, a spontaneous behavior associated with motivation and reward systems. We comprehensively examined lipid composition in the brain and found that levels of certain lipids were significantly altered between wild-type and the heterozygous mutant mice, but no changes were consistent with both sexes and either DHA or EPA was not altered. However, supplementation with DHA or a mixture of DHA and EPA prevented these episodic behavioral changes. Here we propose that heterozygous Fads1/2 knockout mice are a model of BD with robust constitutive, face, and predictive validity, as administration of the mood stabilizer lithium was also effective. This GWAS-based model helps to clarify how lipids and their metabolisms are involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Career Development Program, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malyarchuk BA. The role of Beringia in human adaptation to Arctic conditions based on results of genomic studies of modern and ancient populations. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:373-382. [PMID: 37465192 PMCID: PMC10350865 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of studies in Quaternary geology, archeology, paleoanthropology and human genetics demonstrate that the ancestors of Native Americans arrived in mid-latitude North America mainly along the Pacific Northwest Coast, but had previously inhabited the Arctic and during the last glacial maximum were in a refugium in Beringia, a land bridge connecting Eurasia and North America. The gene pool of Native Americans is represented by unique haplogroups of mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome, the evolutionary age of which ranges from 13 to 22 thousand years. The results of a paleogenomic analysis also show that during the last glacial maximum Beringia was populated by human groups that had arisen as a result of interaction between the most ancient Upper Paleolithic populations of Northern Eurasia and newcomer groups from East Asia. Approximately 20 thousand years ago the Beringian populations began to form, and the duration of their existence in relative isolation is estimated at about 5 thousand years. Thus, the adaptation of the Beringians to the Arctic conditions could have taken several millennia. The adaptation of Amerindian ancestors to high latitudes and cold climates is supported by genomic data showing that adaptive genetic variants in Native Americans are associated with various metabolic pathways: melanin production processes in the skin, hair and eyes, the functioning of the cardiovascular system, energy metabolism and immune response characteristics. Meanwhile, the analysis of the existing hypotheses about the selection of some genetic variants in the Beringian ancestors of the Amerindians in connection with adaptation to the Arctic conditions (for example, in the FADS, ACTN3, EDAR genes) shows the ambiguity of the testing results, which may be due to the loss of some traces of the "Beringian" adaptation in the gene pools of modern Native Americans. The most optimal strategy for further research seems to be the search for adaptive variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia N.A. Shilo North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Colbran LL, Ramos-Almodovar FC, Mathieson I. A gene-level test for directional selection on gene expression. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad060. [PMID: 37036411 PMCID: PMC10213495 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most variants identified in human genome-wide association studies and scans for selection are noncoding. Interpretation of their effects and the way in which they contribute to phenotypic variation and adaptation in human populations is therefore limited by our understanding of gene regulation and the difficulty of confidently linking noncoding variants to genes. To overcome this, we developed a gene-wise test for population-specific selection based on combinations of regulatory variants. Specifically, we use the QX statistic to test for polygenic selection on cis-regulatory variants based on whether the variance across populations in the predicted expression of a particular gene is higher than expected under neutrality. We then applied this approach to human data, testing for selection on 17,388 protein-coding genes in 26 populations from the Thousand Genomes Project. We identified 45 genes with significant evidence (FDR<0.1) for selection, including FADS1, KHK, SULT1A2, ITGAM, and several genes in the HLA region. We further confirm that these signals correspond to plausible population-level differences in predicted expression. While the small number of significant genes (0.2%) is consistent with most cis-regulatory variation evolving under genetic drift or stabilizing selection, it remains possible that there are effects not captured in this study. Our gene-level QX score is independent of standard genomic tests for selection, and may therefore be useful in combination with traditional selection scans to specifically identify selection on regulatory variation. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of combining population-level genomic data with functional data to understand the evolution of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Colbran
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fuller H, Iles MM, Moore JB, Zulyniak MA. Metabolic drivers of dysglycemia in pregnancy: ethnic-specific GWAS of 146 metabolites and 1-sample Mendelian randomization analyses in a UK multi-ethnic birth cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1157416. [PMID: 37255970 PMCID: PMC10225646 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1157416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication worldwide and is associated with short- and long-term health implications for both mother and child. Prevalence of GDM varies between ethnicities, with South Asians (SAs) experiencing up to three times the risk compared to white Europeans (WEs). Recent evidence suggests that underlying metabolic difference contribute to this disparity, but an investigation of causality is required. Methods To address this, we paired metabolite and genomic data to evaluate the causal effect of 146 distinct metabolic characteristics on gestational dysglycemia in SAs and WEs. First, we performed 292 GWASs to identify ethnic-specific genetic variants associated with each metabolite (P ≤ 1 x 10-5) in the Born and Bradford cohort (3688 SA and 3354 WE women). Following this, a one-sample Mendelian Randomisation (MR) approach was applied for each metabolite against fasting glucose and 2-hr post glucose at 26-28 weeks gestation. Additional GWAS and MR on 22 composite measures of metabolite classes were also conducted. Results This study identified 15 novel genome-wide significant (GWS) SNPs associated with tyrosine in the FOXN and SLC13A2 genes and 1 novel GWS SNP (currently in no known gene) associated with acetate in SAs. Using MR approach, 14 metabolites were found to be associated with postprandial glucose in WEs, while in SAs a distinct panel of 11 metabolites were identified. Interestingly, in WEs, cholesterols were the dominant metabolite class driving with dysglycemia, while in SAs saturated fatty acids and total fatty acids were most commonly associated with dysglycemia. Discussion In summary, we confirm and demonstrate the presence of ethnic-specific causal relationships between metabolites and dysglycemia in mid-pregnancy in a UK population of SA and WE pregnant women. Future work will aim to investigate their biological mechanisms on dysglycemia and translating this work towards ethnically tailored GDM prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriett Fuller
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mark M. Iles
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Zulyniak
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Karbasi S, Binabaj MM, Khorasanchi Z, Bideh M, Zarban A, Bahrami A. Association between adherence to a low carbohydrate dietary (LCD) pattern with breast milk characteristics and oxidative markers in infants' urine: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:40. [PMID: 37149671 PMCID: PMC10163718 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk (BM) is a dynamic fluid that varies over time and between women. The variations in BM components are most likely associated with maternal diet quality. This study aimed to assess adherence to a low carbohydrate dietary (LCD) pattern with oxidative stress markers of BM characteristics and infants' urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study 350 breastfeeding mothers and their infants were recruited. BM samples were collected from mothers, and urine specimens were obtained from each infant. To evaluate LCD scores, subjects were divided into 10 deciles according to the percent of energy obtained from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Determination of total antioxidant activity was conducted using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), and Ellman's assay. Biochemical assays of samples including calcium, total protein, and triglyceride level were also performed using commercial kits. RESULTS Participants with the greatest LCD pattern adherence were placed into the last quartile (Q4), and those with the minimum LCD were in the first quartile (Q1). Individuals in the highest LCD quartile had significantly higher levels of milk FRAP, thiol, and protein, as well as infant urinary FRAP and lower milk MDA levels than those in the lowest quartile. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that higher score of the LCD pattern was associated with a higher level of milk thiol, protein, and lower level of milk MDA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings show that adherence to a LCD, as defined by a low level of carbohydrates in daily food intake, is linked with improved BM quality and markers of oxidative stress in infant urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Karbasi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Bideh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rundblad A, Sandoval V, Holven KB, Ordovás JM, Ulven SM. Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102730. [PMID: 37150150 PMCID: PMC10184047 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Supplementation with the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with lower CVD risk. However, results from randomized controlled trials that examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on CVD risk are inconsistent. This risk-reducing effect may be mediated by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. However, not all individuals respond by reducing TG levels after omega-3 supplementation. This inter-individual variability in TG response to omega-3 supplementation is not fully understood. Hence, we aim to review the evidence for how interactions between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and genetic variants, epigenetic and gene expression profiling, gut microbiota and habitual intake of omega-3 fatty acids can explain why the TG response differs between individuals. This may contribute to understanding the current controversies and play a role in defining future personalized guidelines to prevent CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Gral. Lagos 1025, 5110693, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, USDA ARS, JM-USDA Human Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mathieson I, Day FR, Barban N, Tropf FC, Brazel DM, Vaez A, van Zuydam N, Bitarello BD, Gardner EJ, Akimova ET, Azad A, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Boomsma DI, Bosak K, Brumat M, Buring JE, Cesarini D, Chasman DI, Chavarro JE, Cocca M, Concas MP, Davey Smith G, Davies G, Deary IJ, Esko T, Faul JD, Franco O, Ganna A, Gaskins AJ, Gelemanovic A, de Geus EJC, Gieger C, Girotto G, Gopinath B, Grabe HJ, Gunderson EP, Hayward C, He C, van Heemst D, Hill WD, Hoffmann ER, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Huang H, Hyppӧnen E, Ikram MA, Jansen R, Johannesson M, Kamali Z, Kardia SLR, Kavousi M, Kifley A, Kiiskinen T, Kraft P, Kühnel B, Langenberg C, Liew G, Lind PA, Luan J, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Mahajan A, Martin NG, Mbarek H, McCarthy MI, McMahon G, Medland SE, Meitinger T, Metspalu A, Mihailov E, Milani L, Missmer SA, Mitchell P, Møllegaard S, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morgan A, van der Most PJ, de Mutsert R, Nauck M, Nolte IM, Noordam R, Penninx BWJH, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polašek O, Power C, Pribisalic A, Redmond P, Rich-Edwards JW, Ridker PM, Rietveld CA, Ring SM, Rose LM, Rueedi R, Shukla V, Smith JA, Stankovic S, Stefánsson K, Stöckl D, Strauch K, Swertz MA, Teumer A, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thurik AR, Timpson NJ, Turman C, Uitterlinden AG, Waldenberger M, Wareham NJ, Weir DR, Willemsen G, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Snieder H, den Hoed M, Ong KK, Mills MC, Perry JRB. Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:790-801. [PMID: 36864135 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genetic determinants of reproductive success may highlight mechanisms underlying fertility and identify alleles under present-day selection. Using data in 785,604 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 43 genomic loci associated with either number of children ever born (NEB) or childlessness. These loci span diverse aspects of reproductive biology, including puberty timing, age at first birth, sex hormone regulation, endometriosis and age at menopause. Missense variants in ARHGAP27 were associated with higher NEB but shorter reproductive lifespan, suggesting a trade-off at this locus between reproductive ageing and intensity. Other genes implicated by coding variants include PIK3IP1, ZFP82 and LRP4, and our results suggest a new role for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in reproductive biology. As NEB is one component of evolutionary fitness, our identified associations indicate loci under present-day natural selection. Integration with data from historical selection scans highlighted an allele in the FADS1/2 gene locus that has been under selection for thousands of years and remains so today. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a broad range of biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Barban
- Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Felix C Tropf
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- École Nationale de la Statistique et de L'administration Économique (ENSAE), Paris, France
- Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), Paris, France
| | - David M Brazel
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Natalie van Zuydam
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bárbara D Bitarello
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelina T Akimova
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ajuna Azad
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Julie E Buring
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Cesarini
- Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Research Institute for Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oscar Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chunyan He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W David Hill
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hongyang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elina Hyppӧnen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoha Kamali
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Kifley
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tuomo Kiiskinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George McMahon
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stine Møllegaard
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cornelius A Rietveld
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vallari Shukla
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Doris Stöckl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - A Roy Thurik
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hau Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vila IK, Laguette N. The unexpected role of the STING protein in lipid metabolism. C R Biol 2023; 346:29-33. [PMID: 37254782 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Detection of cytosolic pathological nucleic acids is a key step for the initiation of innate immune responses. In the past decade, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor protein has emerged as a central platform enabling the activation of inflammatory responses in the presence of cytosolic DNAs. This has prompted a plethora of approaches aiming at modulating STING activation in order to boost or inhibit inflammatory responses. However, recent work has revealed that STING is also a direct regulator of metabolic homeostasis. In particular, STING regulates lipid metabolism directly, a function that is conserved throughout evolution. This indicates that STING targeting strategies must take into consideration potential metabolic side effects that may alter disease course, but also suggests that targeting STING may open the route to novel treatments for metabolic disorders. Here we discuss recent work describing the metabolic function of STING and the implications of these findings.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang C, Veenstra J, Bartz T, Pahl M, Hallmark B, Chen YDI, Westra J, Steffen L, Brown C, Siscovick D, Tsai M, Wood A, Rich S, Smith C, O'Connor T, Mozaffarian D, Grant S, Chilton F, Tintle N, Lemaitre R, Manichaikul A. Genome-Wide Association Studies and fine-mapping of genomic loci for n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Hispanic American and African American Cohorts. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2073736. [PMID: 36865120 PMCID: PMC9980229 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2073736/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in human health. Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European Americans from the CHARGE Consortium have documented strong genetic signals in/near the FADS locus on chromosome 11. We performed a GWAS of four n-3 and four n-6 PUFAs in Hispanic American (n = 1454) and African American (n = 2278) participants from three CHARGE cohorts. Applying a genome-wide significance threshold of P < 5 x 10 - 8 , we confirmed association of the FADS signal and found evidence of two additional signals (in DAGLA and BEST1 ) within 200 kb of the originally reported FADS signal. Outside of the FADS region, we identified novel signals for arachidonic acid (AA) in Hispanic Americans located in/near genes including TMX2 , SLC29A2 , ANKRD13D and POLD4, and spanning a > 9 Mb region on chromosome 11 (57.5Mb ~ 67.1Mb). Among these novel signals, we found associations unique to Hispanic Americans, including rs28364240, a POLD4 missense variant for AA that is common in CHARGE Hispanic Americans but absent in other race/ancestry groups. Our study sheds light on the genetics of PUFAs and the value of investigating complex trait genetics across diverse ancestry populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Struan Grant
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute
| | | | | | - Rozenn Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chhor M, Law W, Pavlovic M, Aksentijevic D, McGrath K, McClements L. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers reflective of cardiac remodelling in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15064. [PMID: 36782075 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment of adverse cardiac remodelling in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in the diagnosis and prognosis of subsequent cardiovascular disease. We aim to discuss the biomarkers' pathophysiological roles as a reflection of the cardiac remodelling mechanisms in the presence of DM. METHODS We performed the literature search to include studies from 2003 to 2021 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were screened and appraised before being included in this review. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews were followed. RESULTS Our literature search identified a total of 43 eligible articles, which were included in this scoping review. We identified 15 different biomarkers, each described by at least two studies, that were used to determine signs of cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and people with DM. NT-proBNP was identified as the most frequently employed biomarker in this context; however, we also identified emerging biomarkers including hs-CRP, hs-cTnT, and Galectin-3. CONCLUSION There is a complex relationship between DM and cardiovascular health, where more research is needed. Current biomarkers reflective of adverse cardiac remodelling in DM are often used to diagnose other CVDs, such as NT-proBNP for heart failure. Hence there is a need for identification of specific biomarkers that can detect early signs of cardiac remodelling in the presence of DM. Further research into these biomarkers and mechanisms can deepen our understanding of their role in DM-associated CVD and lead to better preventative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chhor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Law
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milan Pavlovic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kristine McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lundberg M, Mackintosh A, Petri A, Bensch S. Inversions maintain differences between migratory phenotypes of a songbird. Nat Commun 2023; 14:452. [PMID: 36707538 PMCID: PMC9883250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural rearrangements have been shown to be important in local adaptation and speciation, but have been difficult to reliably identify and characterize in non-model species. Here we combine long reads, linked reads and optical mapping to characterize three divergent chromosome regions in the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, of which two are associated with differences in migration and one with an environmental gradient. We show that there are inversions (0.4-13 Mb) in each of the regions and that the divergence times between inverted and non-inverted haplotypes are similar across the regions (~1.2 Myrs), which is compatible with a scenario where inversions arose in either of two allopatric populations that subsequently hybridized. The improved genomes allow us to detect additional functional differences in the divergent regions, providing candidate genes for migration and adaptations to environmental gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lundberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Anna Petri
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Genome Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Borges MC, Haycock P, Zheng J, Hemani G, Howe LJ, Schmidt AF, Staley JR, Lumbers RT, Henry A, Lemaitre RN, Gaunt TR, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Hingorani AD, Lawlor DA. The impact of fatty acids biosynthesis on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Europeans and East Asians: a Mendelian randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4034-4054. [PMID: 35796550 PMCID: PMC9703943 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite early interest, the evidence linking fatty acids to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains controversial. We used Mendelian randomization to explore the involvement of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids biosynthesis in the etiology of several CVD endpoints in up to 1 153 768 European (maximum 123 668 cases) and 212 453 East Asian (maximum 29 319 cases) ancestry individuals. As instruments, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to genes with well-known roles in PUFA (i.e. FADS1/2 and ELOVL2) and MUFA (i.e. SCD) biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that higher PUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs174576 near FADS1/2) is related to higher odds of multiple CVDs, particularly ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease and venous thromboembolism, whereas higher MUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs603424 near SCD) is related to lower odds of coronary artery disease among Europeans. Results were unclear for East Asians as most effect estimates were imprecise. By triangulating multiple approaches (i.e. uni-/multi-variable Mendelian randomization, a phenome-wide scan, genetic colocalization and within-sibling analyses), our results are compatible with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (and possibly glucose) being a downstream effect of higher PUFA biosynthesis rate. Our findings indicate that PUFA and MUFA biosynthesis are involved in the etiology of CVDs and suggest LDL cholesterol as a potential mediating trait between PUFA biosynthesis and CVDs risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Phillip Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Laurence J Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - A Floriaan Schmidt
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - James R Staley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - R Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Albert Henry
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA WA 98101, USA
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PN, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen H, Lin R, Lu Y, Zhang R, Gao Y, He Y, Xu S. Tracing Bai-Yue Ancestry in Aboriginal Li People on Hainan Island. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6731089. [PMID: 36173765 PMCID: PMC9585476 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent aboriginal group on Hainan Island located between South China and the mainland of Southeast Asia, the Li people are believed to preserve some unique genetic information due to their isolated circumstances, although this has been largely uninvestigated. We performed the first whole-genome sequencing of 55 Hainan Li (HNL) individuals with high coverage (∼30-50×) to gain insight into their genetic history and potential adaptations. We identified the ancestry enriched in HNL (∼85%) is well preserved in present-day Tai-Kadai speakers residing in South China and North Vietnam, that is, Bai-Yue populations. A lack of admixture signature due to the geographical restriction exacerbated the bottleneck in the present-day HNL. The genetic divergence among Bai-Yue populations began ∼4,000-3,000 years ago when the proto-HNL underwent migration and the settling of Hainan Island. Finally, we identified signatures of positive selection in the HNL, some outstanding examples included FADS1 and FADS2 related to a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, we observed that malaria-driven selection had occurred in the HNL, with population-specific variants of malaria-related genes (e.g., CR1) present. Interestingly, HNL harbors a high prevalence of malaria leveraged gene variants related to hematopoietic function (e.g., CD3G) that may explain the high incidence of blood disorders such as B-cell lymphomas in the present-day HNL. The results have advanced our understanding of the genetic history of the Bai-Yue populations and have provided new insights into the adaptive scenarios of the Li people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China,Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hlusko LJ, McNelis MG. Evolutionary adaptation highlights the interconnection of fatty acids, sunlight, inflammation and epithelial adhesion. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1313-1318. [PMID: 35416313 PMCID: PMC9324807 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants that influence human biology today reflect thousands of years of evolution. Genetic effects on infant health are a major point of selective pressure, given that childhood survival is essential to evolutionary success. Knowledge of this evolutionary history can have implications for paediatric research. CONCLUSION: An episode of human adaptation to the extremely low ultraviolet radiation environment of the Arctic 20,000 years ago implicates the Ectodysplasin A Receptor (EDAR) and the Fatty Acid Desaturases (FADS) in human lactation and epithelial inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslea J. Hlusko
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) Burgos Spain
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Madeline G. McNelis
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Žák A, Jáchymová M, Burda M, Staňková B, Zeman M, Slabý A, Vecka M, Šeda O. FADS Polymorphisms Affect the Clinical and Biochemical Phenotypes of Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060568. [PMID: 35736500 PMCID: PMC9228863 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) play important roles in human health, from controlling inflammation to lipid and glucose homeostasis. In our previous study, which employed a cluster analysis of a plasma fatty acid (FA) pattern, we identified two clusters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) independent of clinical and biochemical parameters within the whole study group (controls together with metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients). FA desaturase (FADS) genes are the key regulators of LC-PUFA metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between FADS polymorphisms and clusters of MetS. The study group consisted of 188 controls and 166 patients with MetS. The first cluster contained 71 controls (CON1) and 109 MetS patients (MetS1). The second cluster consisted of 117 controls (CON2) and 57 MetS patients (MetS2). In comparison with MetS2, cluster MetS1 displayed a more adverse risk profile. Cluster CON1 had, in comparison with CON2, higher body weight and increased triacylglycerol levels (p < 0.05). We found that the FADS rs174537 (p < 0.001), rs174570 (p < 0.01), and rs174602 (p < 0.05) polymorphisms along with two inferred haplotypes had statistically significant genotype associations with the splitting of MetS into MetS1 and MetS2. Conversely, we observed no significant differences in the distribution of FADS polymorphisms between MetS and CON subjects, or between CON1 and CON2. These associations between FADS polymorphisms and two clusters of MetS (differing in waist circumference, HOMA-IR, lipolysis, and oxidative stress) implicate the important influence of genetic factors on the phenotypic manifestation of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Marie Jáchymová
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Burda
- Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Miroslav Zeman
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Adolf Slabý
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The genomic origins of the world's first farmers. Cell 2022; 185:1842-1859.e18. [PMID: 35561686 PMCID: PMC9166250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The precise genetic origins of the first Neolithic farming populations in Europe and Southwest Asia, as well as the processes and the timing of their differentiation, remain largely unknown. Demogenomic modeling of high-quality ancient genomes reveals that the early farmers of Anatolia and Europe emerged from a multiphase mixing of a Southwest Asian population with a strongly bottlenecked western hunter-gatherer population after the last glacial maximum. Moreover, the ancestors of the first farmers of Europe and Anatolia went through a period of extreme genetic drift during their westward range expansion, contributing highly to their genetic distinctiveness. This modeling elucidates the demographic processes at the root of the Neolithic transition and leads to a spatial interpretation of the population history of Southwest Asia and Europe during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.
Collapse
|
27
|
Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chilton FH, Manichaikul A, Yang C, O'Connor TD, Johnstone LM, Blomquist S, Schembre SM, Sergeant S, Zec M, Tsai MY, Rich SS, Bridgewater SJ, Mathias RA, Hallmark B. Interpreting Clinical Trials With Omega-3 Supplements in the Context of Ancestry and FADS Genetic Variation. Front Nutr 2022; 8:808054. [PMID: 35211495 PMCID: PMC8861490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.808054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diets in developed countries such as the US have changed dramatically over the past 75 years, leading to increased obesity, inflammation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Evidence over the past decade indicates that the interaction of genetic variation with changes in the intake of 18-carbon essential dietary omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively, has impacted numerous molecular and clinical phenotypes. Interactions are particularly relevant with the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, which encode key fatty acid desaturases in the pathway that converts LA and ALA to their long chain (≥20 carbons), highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) counterparts. These gene by nutrient interactions affect the levels and balance of n-6 and n-3 HUFA that in turn are converted to a wide array of lipids with signaling roles, including eicosanoids, docosanoids, other oxylipins and endocannabinoids. With few exceptions, n-6 HUFA are precursors of pro-inflammatory/pro-thrombotic signaling lipids, and n-3 HUFA are generally anti-inflammatory/anti-thrombotic. We and others have demonstrated that African ancestry populations have much higher frequencies (vs. European-, Asian- or indigenous Americas-ancestry populations) of a FADS “derived” haplotype that is associated with the efficient conversion of high levels of dietary n-6 PUFA to pro-inflammatory n-6 HUFA. By contrast, an “ancestral” haplotype, carrying alleles associated with a limited capacity to synthesize HUFA, which can lead to n-3 HUFA deficiency, is found at high frequency in certain Hispanic populations and is nearly fixed in several indigenous populations from the Americas. Based on these observations, a focused secondary subgroup analysis of the VITAL n-3 HUFA supplementation trial stratifying the data based on self-reported ancestry revealed that African Americans may benefit from n-3 HUFA supplementation, and both ancestry and FADS variability should be factored into future clinical trials design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floyd H. Chilton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Floyd H. Chilton
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Timothy D. O'Connor
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laurel M. Johnstone
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sarah Blomquist
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Susan M. Schembre
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Manja Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian Hallmark
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pathak AK, Sukhavasi K, Marnetto D, Chaubey G, Pandey AK. Human population genomics approach in food metabolism. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
30
|
Panda C, Varadharaj S, Voruganti VS. PUFA, genotypes and risk for cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102377. [PMID: 34915303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long chain fatty acids that are characterized by the presence of more than one double bond. These include fatty acids such as ꞷ-3-α-linolenic acid (ALA) and ꞷ-6 -linoleic acid (LA) which can only be obtained from dietary sources and are therefore termed essential fatty acids. They contain the building blocks for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the ꞷ-6 family as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the ꞷ-3 family. Both ALA and LA are important constituents of animal and plant cell membranes and are important components of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory hormones and therefore, often modulate cellular immunity under chronic inflammatory states. The variation in physiological PUFA levels is under significant genetic influence, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes being key regulators of PUFA metabolism. These genetic variants have been shown to alter fatty acid metabolism and influence the onset and progression of various metabolic conditions. This detailed review discusses the role of PUFAs, diet and genotypes in risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Standard Process Inc, United States
| | | | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vaittinen M, Lankinen MA, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Wheelock CE, Laakso M, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J. The FADS1 genotypes modify the effect of linoleic acid-enriched diet on adipose tissue inflammation via pro-inflammatory eicosanoid metabolism. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3707-3718. [PMID: 35701670 PMCID: PMC9464166 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) variants associate with fatty acid (FA) and adipose tissue (AT) metabolism and inflammation. Thus, the role of FADS1 variants in the regulation of dietary linoleic acid (LA)-induced effects on AT inflammation was investigated. METHODS Subjects homozygotes for the TT and CC genotypes of the FADS1-rs174550 (TT, n = 25 and CC, n = 28) or -rs174547 (TT, n = 42 and CC, n = 28), were either recruited from the METabolic Syndrome In Men cohort to participate in an intervention with LA-enriched diet (FADSDIET) or from the Kuopio Obesity Surgery (KOBS) study. GC and LC-MS for plasma FA proportions and eicosanoid concentrations and AT gene expression for AT inflammatory score (AT-InSc) was determined. RESULTS We observed a diet-genotype interaction between LA-enriched diet and AT-InSc in the FADSDIET. In the KOBS study, interleukin (IL)1 beta mRNA expression in AT was increased in subjects with the TT genotype and highest LA proportion. In the FADSDIET, n-6/LA proportions correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype but not with the CC genotype after LA-enriched diet. Specifically, LA- and AA-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids related to CYP450/sEH-pathways correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype, whereas in those with the CC genotype, the negative correlations between pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and AT-InSc related to COX/LOX-pathways. CONCLUSIONS LA-enriched diet increases inflammatory AT gene expression in subjects with the TT genotype, while CC genotype could play a protective role against LA-induced AT inflammation. Overall, the FADS1 variant could modify the dietary LA-induced effects on AT inflammation through the differential biosynthesis of AA-derived eicosanoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maria A. Lankinen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV, Denisova GA. Adaptive Changes in Fatty Acid Desaturation Genes in Indigenous Populations of Northeast Siberia. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421120103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Moshkov N, Smetanin A, Tatarinova TV. Local ancestry prediction with PyLAE. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12502. [PMID: 35003914 PMCID: PMC8679960 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary We developed PyLAE, a new tool for determining local ancestry along a genome using whole-genome sequencing data or high-density genotyping experiments. PyLAE can process an arbitrarily large number of ancestral populations (with or without an informative prior). Since PyLAE does not involve estimating many parameters, it can process thousands of genomes within a day. PyLAE can run on phased or unphased genomic data. We have shown how PyLAE can be applied to the identification of differentially enriched pathways between populations. The local ancestry approach results in higher enrichment scores compared to whole-genome approaches. We benchmarked PyLAE using the 1000 Genomes dataset, comparing the aggregated predictions with the global admixture results and the current gold standard program RFMix. Computational efficiency, minimal requirements for data pre-processing, straightforward presentation of results, and ease of installation make PyLAE a valuable tool to study admixed populations. Availability and implementation The source code and installation manual are available at https://github.com/smetam/pylae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Moshkov
- Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory on AI for Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V. Tatarinova
- Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, United States
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Colbran LL, Johnson MR, Mathieson I, Capra JA. Tracing the Evolution of Human Gene Regulation and Its Association with Shifts in Environment. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab237. [PMID: 34718543 PMCID: PMC8576593 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As humans populated the world, they adapted to many varying environmental factors, including climate, diet, and pathogens. Because many of these adaptations were mediated by multiple noncoding variants with small effects on gene regulation, it has been difficult to link genomic signals of selection to specific genes, and to describe the regulatory response to selection. To overcome this challenge, we adapted PrediXcan, a machine learning method for imputing gene regulation from genotype data, to analyze low-coverage ancient human DNA (aDNA). First, we used simulated genomes to benchmark strategies for adapting PrediXcan to increase robustness to incomplete data. Applying the resulting models to 490 ancient Eurasians, we found that genes with the strongest divergent regulation among ancient populations with hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, and agricultural lifestyles are enriched for metabolic and immune functions. Next, we explored the contribution of divergent gene regulation to two traits with strong evidence of recent adaptation: dietary metabolism and skin pigmentation. We found enrichment for divergent regulation among genes proposed to be involved in diet-related local adaptation, and the predicted effects on regulation often suggest explanations for known signals of selection, for example, at FADS1, GPX1, and LEPR. In contrast, skin pigmentation genes show little regulatory change over a 38,000-year time series of 2,999 ancient Europeans, suggesting that adaptation mainly involved large-effect coding variants. This work demonstrates that combining aDNA with present-day genomes is informative about the biological differences among ancient populations, the role of gene regulation in adaptation, and the relationship between genetic diversity and complex traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Colbran
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maya R Johnson
- School for Science and Math at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tandon S, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Barraza-Villarreal A, Romieu I, Demmelmair H, Jones DP, Koletzko B, Stein AD, Ramakrishnan U. Infant Metabolome in Relation to Prenatal DHA Supplementation and Maternal Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs174602: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Mexico. J Nutr 2021; 151:3339-3349. [PMID: 34494106 PMCID: PMC8562085 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although DHA (22:6n-3) is critical for fetal development, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prenatal DHA supplementation report inconsistent effects on offspring health. Variants in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes that regulate the conversion of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids into their biologically active derivatives may explain this heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the offspring metabolome at age 3 mo and explored differences by maternal FADS single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602. METHODS Data were obtained from a double-blind RCT in Mexico [POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Child Growth and Development)] in which women (18-35 y old) received DHA (400 mg/d) or placebo from mid-gestation until delivery. Using high-resolution MS with LC, untargeted metabolomics was performed on 112 offspring plasma samples. Discriminatory metabolic features were selected via linear regression (P < 0.05) with false discovery rate (FDR) correction (q = 0.2). Interaction by SNP rs174602 was assessed using 2-factor ANOVA. Stratified analyses were performed, where the study population was grouped into carriers (TT, TC; n = 70) and noncarriers (CC; n = 42) of the minor allele. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with Mummichog (P < 0.05). RESULTS After FDR correction, there were no differences in metabolic features between infants whose mothers received prenatal DHA (n = 58) and those whose mothers received placebo (n = 54). However, we identified 343 differentially expressed features in the interaction analysis after FDR correction. DHA supplementation positively enriched amino acid and aminosugars metabolism pathways and decreased fatty acid metabolism pathways among offspring of minor allele carriers and decreased metabolites within the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolism pathways among offspring of noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate differences in infant metabolism in response to prenatal DHA supplementation by maternal SNP rs174602 and further support the need to incorporate genetic analysis of FADS polymorphisms into DHA supplementation trials.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00646360.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ines Gonzalez-Casanova
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Romieu
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, (LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Dean P Jones
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, (LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meuronen T, Lankinen MA, Kärkkäinen O, Laakso M, Pihlajamäki J, Hanhineva K, Schwab U. FADS1 rs174550 genotype and high linoleic acid diet modify plasma PUFA phospholipids in a dietary intervention study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1109-1120. [PMID: 34718859 PMCID: PMC8854246 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene encodes for delta-5 desaturase enzyme which is needed in conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA). Recent studies have shown that response to dietary PUFAs differs between the genotypes in circulating fatty acids. However, interactions between the FADS1 genotype and dietary LA on overall metabolism have not been studied. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the interactions of FADS1 rs174550 genotypes (TT and CC) and high-LA diet to identify plasma metabolites that respond differentially to dietary LA according to the FADS1 genotype. METHODS A total of 59 men (TT n = 26, CC n = 33) consumed a sunflower oil supplemented diet for 4 weeks. Daily dose of 30, 40, or 50 ml was calculated based on body mass index. It resulted in 17-28 g of LA on top of the usual daily intake. Fasting plasma samples at the beginning and at the end of the intervention were analyzed with LC-MS/MS non-targeted metabolomics method. RESULTS At the baseline, the carriers of FADS1 rs174550-TT genotype had higher abundance of long-chain PUFA phospholipids compared to the FADS1 rs174550-CC one. In response to the high-LA diet, LA phospholipids and long-chain acylcarnitines increased and lysophospholipids decreased in fasting plasma similarly in both genotypes. LysoPE (20:4), LysoPC (20:4), and PC (16:0_20:4) decreased and cortisol increased in the carriers of rs174550-CC genotype; however, these genotype-diet interactions were not significant after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Our findings show that both FADS1 rs174550 genotype and high-LA diet modify plasma phospholipid composition. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered to ClinicalTrials: NCT02543216, September 7, 2015 (retrospectively registered).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Topi Meuronen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maria A Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gonzalez Casanova I, Schoen M, Tandon S, Stein AD, Barraza Villarreal A, DiGirolamo AM, Demmelmair H, Ramirez Silva I, Feregrino RG, Rzehak P, Stevenson I, Standl M, Schnaas L, Romieu I, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism modified the impact of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on child neurodevelopment at 5 years: Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5339-5345. [PMID: 34543890 PMCID: PMC10515274 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability in the FADS2 gene, which codifies the Delta-6 Desaturases and modulates the conversion of essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, might modify the impact of prenatal supplementation with n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE To assess if maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modified the effect of prenatal DHA on offspring development at 5 years. DESIGN We conducted a post-hoc interaction analysis of the POSGRAD randomized controlled trial (NCT00646360) of prenatal supplementation with algal-DHA where 1094 pregnant women originally randomized to 400 mg/day of preformed algal DHA or a placebo from gestation week 18-22 through delivery. In this analysis, we included offspring with information on maternal genotype and neurodevelopment at 5 years (DHA = 316; Control = 306) and used generalized linear models to assess interactions between FADS2 SNPs rs174602 or rs174575 and prenatal DHA on neurodevelopment at 5 years measured with McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). RESULTS Maternal and offspring characteristics were similar between groups. At baseline, mean (±standard deviation) maternal age was 26 ± 5 years and schooling was 12 ± 4 years. Forty-six percent (46%) of the children were female. Maternal minor allele frequencies were 0.37 and 0.33 for SNPs rs174602 and rs174575, respectively. There were significant variations by SNP rs174602 and intervention group (p for interactions <0.05) where children in the intervention group had higher MSCA scores on the quantitative (DHA: mean ± SEM = 22.6 ± 0.9 vs. Control = 19.1 ± 0.9, mean difference (Δ) = 3.45; p = 0.01) and memory (DHA = 27.9 ± 1.1 vs. Control = 23.7 ± 1.1, Δ = 4.26; p = 0.02) scales only among offspring of TT (minor allele homozygotes). CONCLUSIONS Maternal FADS2 SNP rs174602 modified the effect of prenatal DHA on cognitive development at 5 years. Variations in the genetic make-up of target populations could be an important factor to consider for prenatal DHA supplementation interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Gonzalez Casanova
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Albino Barraza Villarreal
- Department of Environmental Health, Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ann M DiGirolamo
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Ramirez Silva
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Raquel Garcia Feregrino
- Center for Research on Surveys and Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - India Stevenson
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Department of Environmental Health, Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yousaf A, Liu J, Ye S, Chen H. Current Progress in Evolutionary Comparative Genomics of Great Apes. Front Genet 2021; 12:657468. [PMID: 34456962 PMCID: PMC8385753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of high-quality genome sequences of great ape species provides unprecedented opportunities for genomic analyses. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress in evolutionary comparative genomic studies of the existing great ape species, including human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan. We elaborate discovery on evolutionary history, natural selection, structural variations, and new genes of these species, which is informative for understanding the origin of human-specific phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Yousaf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Sicheng Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liput KP, Lepczyński A, Ogłuszka M, Nawrocka A, Poławska E, Grzesiak A, Ślaska B, Pareek CS, Czarnik U, Pierzchała M. Effects of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6965. [PMID: 34203461 PMCID: PMC8268933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary recommendation encourages reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) to decrease the risk of metabolic disturbances. Consequently, excessive n-6 PUFAs content and high n-6/n-3 ratio are found in Western-type diet. The importance of a dietary n-6/n-3 ratio to prevent chronic diseases is linked with anti-inflammatory functions of linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and longer-chain n-3 PUFAs. Thus, this review provides an overview of the role of oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs and oxylipins formed from n-6 PUFAs on inflammation. Evidence of PUFAs' role in carcinogenesis was also discussed. In vitro studies, animal cancer models and epidemiological studies demonstrate that these two PUFA groups have different effects on the cell growth, proliferation and progression of neoplastic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila P. Liput
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Nawrocka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Grzesiak
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. J. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bio-Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernandez ML, Blomquist SA, Hallmark B, Chilton FH. Omega-3 Supplementation and Heart Disease: A Population-Based Diet by Gene Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes. Nutrients 2021; 13:2154. [PMID: 34201625 PMCID: PMC8308291 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites have long been recognized to protect against inflammation-related diseases including heart disease. Recent reports present conflicting evidence on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on major cardiovascular events including death. While some studies document that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces the risk for heart disease, others report no beneficial effects on heart disease composite primary outcomes. Much of this heterogeneity may be related to the genetic variation in different individuals/populations that alters their capacity to synthesize biologically active n-3 and omega 6 (n-6) PUFAs and metabolites from their 18 carbon dietary precursors, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic (ALA, 18:3, n-3). Here, we discuss the role of a FADS gene-by-dietary PUFA interaction model that takes into consideration dietary exposure, including the intake of LA and ALA, n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in determining the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation. We also review recent clinical trials with n-3 PUFA supplementation and coronary heart disease in the context of what is known about fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene-by-dietary PUFA interactions. Given the dramatic differences in the frequencies of FADS variants that impact the efficiency of n-3 and n-6 PUFA biosynthesis, and their downstream signaling products among global and admixture populations, we conclude that large clinical trials utilizing "one size fits all" n-3 PUFA supplementation approaches are unlikely to show effectiveness. However, evidence discussed in this review suggests that n-3 PUFA supplementation may represent an important opportunity where precision interventions can be focused on those populations that will benefit the most from n-3 PUFA supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut1, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Sarah A. Blomquist
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.A.B.); (F.H.C.)
| | - Brian Hallmark
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.A.B.); (F.H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070994. [PMID: 34206632 PMCID: PMC8300813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.
Collapse
|
43
|
Twining CW, Bernhardt JR, Derry AM, Hudson CM, Ishikawa A, Kabeya N, Kainz MJ, Kitano J, Kowarik C, Ladd SN, Leal MC, Scharnweber K, Shipley JR, Matthews B. The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation: Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1709-1731. [PMID: 34114320 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W Twining
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz-Egg, Germany
| | - Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alison M Derry
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystems Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Carmen Kowarik
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel C Leal
- ECOMARE and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jeremy R Shipley
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Turolo S, Edefonti A, Mazzocchi A, Syren ML, Morello W, Agostoni C, Montini G. Role of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in the Biological and Clinical Manifestations of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5452. [PMID: 34064238 PMCID: PMC8196840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies concerning the role of arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites in kidney disease are scarce, and this applies in particular to idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). INS is one of the most frequent glomerular diseases in childhood; it is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction, alterations of pro- and anti-coagulant factor levels, and increased platelet count and aggregation, leading to thrombophilia. AA and its metabolites are involved in several biological processes. Herein, we describe the main fields where they may play a significant role, particularly as it pertains to their effects on the kidney and the mechanisms underlying INS. AA and its metabolites influence cell membrane fluidity and permeability, modulate platelet activity and coagulation, regulate lymphocyte activity and inflammation, preserve the permeability of the glomerular barrier, influence podocyte physiology, and play a role in renal fibrosis. We also provide suggestions regarding dietary measures that are able to prevent an imbalance between arachidonic acid and its parental compound linoleic acid, in order to counteract the inflammatory state which characterizes numerous kidney diseases. On this basis, studies of AA in kidney disease appear as an important field to explore, with possible relevant results at the biological, dietary, and pharmacological level, in the final perspective for AA to modulate INS clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Turolo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Alberto Edefonti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Marie Louise Syren
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
| | - William Morello
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bjørklund G, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Lizcano F, Aaseth J, Borisova O. The Roles of Dietary, Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions in Adipose Tissue Adaptation and Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1683-1702. [PMID: 32368968 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are globally increasing in their prevalence. While the modern-day lifestyle required less ventilation of metabolic energy through muscular activities, this lifestyle transition also provided the unlimited accession to foods around the clock, which prolong the daily eating period of foods that contained high calorie and high glycemic load. These situations promote the high continuous flux of carbon substrate availability in mitochondria and induce the indecisive bioenergetic switches. The disrupted bioenergetic milieu increases the uncoupling respiration due to the excess flow of the substrate-derived reducing equivalents and reduces ubiquinones into the respiratory chain. The diversion of the uncoupling proton gradient through adipocyte thermogenesis will then alleviate the damaging effects of free radicals to mitochondria and other organelles. The adaptive induction of white adipose tissues (WAT) to beige adipose tissues (beAT) has shown beneficial effects on glucose oxidation, ROS protection and mitochondrial function preservation through the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent thermogenesis of beAT. However, the maladaptive stage can eventually initiate with the persistent unhealthy lifestyles. Under this metabolic gridlock, the low oxygen and pro-inflammatory environments promote the adipose breakdown with sequential metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and clinical NCDs progression. It is unlikely that a single intervention can reverse all these complex interactions. A comprehensive protocol that includes dietary, nutritional and all modifiable lifestyle interventions, can be the preferable choice to decelerate, stop, or reverse the NCDs pathophysiologic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Olga Borisova
- Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:1185. [PMID: 33918517 PMCID: PMC8065891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The FADS locus contains the genes FADS1 and FADS2 that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This locus appears to have been a repeated target of selection in human evolution, likely because dietary input of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids varied over time depending on environment and subsistence strategy. Several recent studies have identified selection at the FADS locus in Native American populations, interpreted as evidence for adaptation during or subsequent to the passage through Beringia. Here, we show that these signals are confounded by independent selection—postdating the split from Native Americans—in the European and, possibly, the East Asian populations used in the population branch statistic test. This is supported by direct evidence from ancient DNA that one of the putatively selected haplotypes was already common in Northern Eurasia at the time of the separation of Native American ancestors. An explanation for the present-day distribution of the haplotype that is more consistent with the data is that Native Americans retain the ancestral state of Paleolithic Eurasians. Another haplotype at the locus may reflect a secondary selection signal, although its functional impact is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Simopoulos AP. Genetic Variation, Diet, Inflammation, and the Risk for COVID-19. Lifestyle Genom 2021; 14:37-42. [PMID: 33530084 PMCID: PMC7900446 DOI: 10.1159/000513886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by various symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to life-threatening pneumonia, "cytokine storm," and multiorgan failure. The manifestation of COVID-19 may lead to a cytokine storm, i.e., it facilitates viral replication that triggers a strong release of cytokines, which then modulates the immune system and results in hyperinflammation. Today's diet is high in omega-6 fatty acids and deficient in omega-3 fatty acids; this, along with a high fructose intake, leads to obesity, which is a chronic state of low-grade inflammation. Omega-6 fatty acids are proinflammatory and prothrombotic whereas omega-3 fatty acids are less proinflammatory and thrombotic. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids make specialized lipid mediators, namely resolvins, protectins, and maresins, that are potent anti-inflammatory agents. Throughout evolution there was a balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids with a ratio of 1-2/1 omega-6/omega-3, but today this ratio is 16-20/1 omega-6/omega-3, leading to a proinflammatory state. In addition, genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2, ELOV-2, and ELOV-5 lead to a more efficient biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA), and (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), leading to higher ARA levels. Because the US diet is already high in omega-6 fatty acids, the increased biosynthesis of ARA in people with the derived FADS haplotype (haplotype D) leads to an increased production of leukotrienes, thromboxanes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and eventually elevated levels of cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which may increase susceptibility to COVID-19. About 80% of African Americans, 50% of Hispanics, and 45% of European Americans have the FADS haplotype D and are thus efficient metabolizers, which could account for the higher vulnerability of these populations to COVID-19. Therefore, another reason that African Americans and Hispanics are more susceptible to COVID-19 is that they have a higher frequency of haplotype D, which is no longer beneficial in today's environment and diet. Genetic variation must be considered in all studies of disease development and therapy because it is important to the practice of precision nutrition by physicians and other health professionals. The objective of this commentary is to emphasize the importance of genetic variation within populations and its interaction with diet in the development of disease. Differences in the frequency of genes and their interactions with nutrients in various population groups must be considered among the factors contributing to health disparities in the development of COVID-19. A balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is essential to health. Physicians should measure their patients' fatty acids and recommend decreasing the intake of foods rich in omega-6 fatty acids and increasing the intake of omega-3 fatty acids along with fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artemis P. Simopoulos
- *Artemis P. Simopoulos, The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, 4330 Klingle Street NW, Washington, DC 20016 (USA),
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Simopoulos AP, Serhan CN, Bazinet RP. The need for precision nutrition, genetic variation and resolution in Covid-19 patients. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 77:100943. [PMID: 33551236 PMCID: PMC7843119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The health of the individual and the population in general is the result of interaction between genetics and various environmental factors, of which diet/nutrition is the most important. The focus of this paper is on the association of high n-6 PUFA or low n-3 PUFA due to genetic variation and/or dietary intake, with changes in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), cytokine storm, inflammation-resolution and Covid-19. Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids with a ratio of n-6/n-3 of 1-2/1 whereas today this ratio is 16/1. Such a high ratio due to high amounts of n-6 fatty acids leads to a prothrombotic and proinflammatory state and is associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. In addition to the high intake of n-6 fatty acids that increases inflammation there is genetic variation in the biosynthesis of n-6 linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA) and of linolenic (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Present day humans have two common FADS haplotypes that differ dramatically in their ability to generate long-chain fatty acids. The more efficient, evolutionary derived haplotype increases the efficiency of synthesizing essential long-chain fatty acids from precursors and could have provided an advantage in environments with limited access to dietary long-chain fatty acids ARA, EPA and DHA. In the modern world this haplotype has been associated with lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, all of which are characterized by increased levels of inflammation. African Americans and Latino populations have increased susceptibility and higher death rates from SARS-CoV-2 than whites. These populations are characterized by increased numbers of persons (about 80%) that are fast metabolizers, leading to increased production of ARA, as well as poor intake of fruits and vegetables. The combinations of fast metabolism and high n-6 intake increases their inflammatory status and possibly susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2. In vitro and human studies indicate that the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) produced from the n-3, EPA and DHA influence the resolution of inflammation, allowing the tissues to return to function and homeostasis. The SPMs each counter-regulate cytokine storms, as well as proinflammatory lipid mediators via NFκB and inflammasome down regulation and reduce the proinflammatory eicosanoids produced from ARA. The nutritional availability of dietary n-3 fatty acids from marine oils enriched with SPM intermediate precursors, along with increasing local biosynthesis of SPMs to functional concentrations may be an approach of value during SARS-CoV2 infections, as well as in prevention, and shortening their recovery from infections. It is evident that populations differ in their genetic variants and their frequencies and their interactions with the food they eat. Gene-nutrient interactions is a very important area of study that provides specific dietary advice for individuals and subgroups within a population in the form of Precision Nutrition. Nutritional science needs to focus on Precision Nutrition, genetic variants in the population and a food supply composed of Nutrients that have been part of our diet throughout evolution, which is the diet that our genes are programmed to respond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rifkin SB, Shrubsole MJ, Cai Q, Smalley WE, Ness RM, Swift LL, Milne G, Zheng W, Murff HJ. Differences in erythrocyte phospholipid membrane long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the prevalence of fatty acid desaturase genotype among African Americans and European Americans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102216. [PMID: 33310680 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported an association between genetic variants in fatty acid desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2) and plasma or erythrocyte long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels. Increased levels of n-6 PUFAs have been associated with inflammation and several chronic diseases, including diabetes and cancer. We hypothesized that genetic variants of FADS that more efficiently convert precursor n-6 PUFA to arachidonic acid (AA) may explain the higher burden of chronic diseases observed in African Americans. To test this hypothesis, we measured the level of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and genotyped the rs174537 FADS variants associated with higher AA conversion among African American and European American populations. We included data from 1,733 individuals who participated in the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, a large colonoscopy-based case-control study. Erythrocyte membrane PUFA percentages were measured using gas chromatography. Generalized linear models were used to estimate association of race and genotype on erythrocyte phospholipid membrane PUFA levels while controlling for self-reported dietary intake. We found that African Americans have higher levels of AA and a higher prevalence of GG allele compared to whites, 81% vs 43%, respectively. Homozygous GG genotype was negatively associated with precursor PUFAs (linoleic [LA], di-homo-γ-linolenic [DGLA]), positively associated with both product PUFA (AA, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), product to precursor ratio (AA to DGLA), an indirect measure of FADs efficiency and increased urinary isoprostane F2 (F2-IsoP) and isoprostane F3 (F3-IsoP), markers of oxidative stress. Increased consumption of n-6 PUFA and LA resulting in increased AA and subsequent inflammation may be fueling increased prevalence of chronic diseases especially in African descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Rifkin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 6520 MSRB1, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
| | - M J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Q Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - W E Smalley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - R M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - L L Swift
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, United States
| | - G Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - H J Murff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| |
Collapse
|