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Wang YE, Kirschke CP, Woodhouse LR, Bonnel EL, Stephensen CB, Bennett BJ, Newman JW, Keim NL, Huang L. SNPs in apolipoproteins contribute to sex-dependent differences in blood lipids before and after a high-fat dietary challenge in healthy U.S. adults. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:95. [PMID: 36050800 PMCID: PMC9438272 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of genetic polymorphisms on fasting blood lipid levels have been widely studied but the effects of these within the context of a high-fat meal challenge remain less characterized. The current study aimed to investigate the association of SNPs in lipoprotein-related genes with blood lipid profiles in healthy adults in the U.S. Methods Subjects (n = 393) between 18–66 years of age with BMIs ranging from 18.5–45 kg/m2 were enrolled the cross-sectional Nutritional Phenotyping Study. Among them, 349 subjects (men: 48%; women: 52%) gave consent for genotyping. SNPs in APOA5, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and LDLR were assessed. The association between lipid markers and genotypes was tested separately for each SNP with analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. We also examined two-factor interactions between SNPs and sex, age, or BMI. Results Women carrying the C allele of rs3135506 in APOA5 or men carrying the C allele of rs429358 in APOE had reduced HDL-cholesterol levels during fasting and postprandially. The C allele in APOE was also correlated to increased LDL-C levels. The TT genotype of rs2854116 in APOC3 was associated with elevated total cholesterol. Additive effect of the risk alleles of APOA5 and APOE or APOC3 and APOE was detected. Nevertheless, the tested SNPs had little impact on the postprandial triglyceride responses to the high-fat challenge meal. We found no significant effects of SNPs in APOB (rs1042034) or LDLR (rs2228671) on triglycerides, cholesterol, or free fatty acid levels. Conclusions In healthy adults, fasting and postprandial cholesterol levels are strongly correlated with the tested APOA5, APOE, and APOC3 genotypes. Sex contributes to the genetic impact of the tested SNPs on lipid profiles. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02367287. Registered February 20, 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02367287. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00592-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining E Wang
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine P Kirschke
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leslie R Woodhouse
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ellen L Bonnel
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Moreno-Pérez B, Benito E, Civera M, Alabadi B, Martinez-Hervas S, Peiro M, González-Navarro H, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ, Ascaso JF, Real JT. Postprandial triglyceridaemia is modulated by insulin resistance but not by grade of obesity in abdominal and morbid obese subjects. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13776. [PMID: 33089594 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with high cardiovascular risk. Postprandial lipidaemia has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to identify whether anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance (IR) and/or fasting plasma triglycerides may determine postprandial changes in lipoprotein concentrations in abdominal and morbid obese subjects. METHODS We have studied 20 non-diabetic, normolipidaemic subjects with abdominal obesity, 20 morbid obese subjects and 20 healthy individuals, that have similar age and gender. In all of them a standardised oral fat load test (OFLT) with unsaturated fat was performed. RESULTS During the OFLT, the postprandial triglycerides response was significantly higher in subjects with abdominal obesity compared with morbid obese subjects (4 hours triglycerides pick value and AUC of triglycerides). Both obese groups showed significantly higher postprandial triglycerides response compared with healthy subjects. Dividing the obesity group according to the presence of IR, we found that IR was an important factor related with postprandial lipaemia but not BMI or waist circumference. In addition, postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia significantly decreased in all studied subjects, being the highest decrease in morbid obese subjects and in subjects with IR. Postprandial triglyceridaemia significantly correlated with IR parameters and not with anthropometric parameters in AO and MO subjects. CONCLUSION In subjects with AO and MO, postprandial triglycerides values are higher than healthy individuals and independently predicted by fasting IR parameters. Furthermore, unsaturated fat improved IR state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreno-Pérez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Benito
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Civera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Alabadi
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Peiro
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Experimental and Social Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Sanz
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose T Real
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Jacobo-Albavera L, Domínguez-Pérez M, Medina-Leyte DJ, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T. The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041593. [PMID: 33562440 PMCID: PMC7915494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City CP04510, Mexico
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Systemic MCPIP1 deficiency in mice impairs lipid homeostasis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 1:1-9. [PMID: 34909637 PMCID: PMC8663940 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis involves interactions between inflammation system and dyslipidemia. MCPIP1 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein induced Protein-1) is induced by proinflammatory molecules and serves as a negative feedback loop in regulating inflammatory responses. Our current study was designed to test the role of MCPIP1 in maintaining lipid homeostasis, the latter a pivotal factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We found that MCPIP1 knockout mice displayed a decrease in levels of serum HDL-cholesterol and total triglycerides but an increase in serum LDL/VLDL-cholesterol levels when compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, ApoA-1 expression was reduced but LPL expression was upregulated in plasma from MCPIP1 knockout mice. The livers from the MCPIP1 knockout mice revealed a decrease in hepatocyte number and an increase in collagen deposition when compared to wild-type mice. These findings suggest that MCPIP1 deficiency can induce liver fibrosis, alter the expression of lipoproteins, and affect transportation and metabolism of lipids, indicating that MCPIP1 is involved in maintaining lipid homeostasis, possibly via negatively regulating inflammatory responses. Atherosclerosis is the result of interaction between inflammation and dyslipidemia. MCPIP1 is a negative regulator in inflammatory responses. MCPIP1 is upregulated in the atherosclerotic plaques. MCPIP1 deficiency induces dyslipidemia and hepatic remodeling. MCPIP1 deficiency may increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Kolovou GD, Watts GF, Mikhailidis DP, Pérez-Martínez P, Mora S, Bilianou H, Panotopoulos G, Katsiki N, Ooi TC, Lopez-Miranda J, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Tentolouris N, Nordestgaard BG. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement, Narrative Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:515-537. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190503123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, defined as an increase in plasma triglyceride-containing
lipoproteins following a fat meal, is a potential risk predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
and other chronic diseases. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, sex and menopausal status)
and lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, smoking status, obesity, alcohol and medication use) may
influence postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia. This narrative review considers the studies published over
the last decade that evaluated postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia. Additionally, the genetic determinants
of postprandial plasma triglyceride levels, the types of meals for studying postprandial triglyceride response,
and underlying conditions (e.g. familial dyslipidaemias, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome,
non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease) that are associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia
are reviewed; therapeutic aspects are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa D. Kolovou
- Cardiology Department and LDL-Apheresis Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Bilianou
- Department of Cardiology, Tzanio Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism, Diabetes Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Teik C. Ooi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Reddy VS, Palika R, Ismail A, Pullakhandam R, Reddy GB. Nutrigenomics: Opportunities & challenges for public health nutrition. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:632-641. [PMID: 30666988 PMCID: PMC6366269 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1738_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical information flow through DNA-RNA-protein-metabolite collectively referred to as ‘molecular fingerprint’ defines both health and disease. Environment and food (quality and quantity) are the key factors known to affect the health of an individual. The fundamental concepts are that the transition from a healthy condition to a disease phenotype must occur by concurrent alterations in the genome expression or by differences in protein synthesis, function and metabolites. In other words, the dietary components directly or indirectly modulate the molecular fingerprint and understanding of which is dealt with nutrigenomics. Although the fundamental principles of nutrigenomics remain similar to that of traditional research, a collection of comprehensive targeted/untargeted data sets in the context of nutrition offers the unique advantage of understanding complex metabolic networks to provide a mechanistic understanding of data from epidemiological and intervention studies. In this review the challenges and opportunities of nutrigenomic tools in addressing the nutritional problems of public health importance are discussed. The application of nutrigenomic tools provided numerous leads on biomarkers of nutrient intake, undernutrition, metabolic syndrome and its complications. Importantly, nutrigenomic studies also led to the discovery of the association of multiple genetic polymorphisms in relation to the variability of micronutrient absorption and metabolism, providing a potential opportunity for further research toward setting personalized dietary recommendations for individuals and population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sudhakar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravindranadh Palika
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ayesha Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raghu Pullakhandam
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Shibao CA, Celedonio JE, Tamboli R, Sidani R, Love-Gregory L, Pietka T, Xiong Y, Wei Y, Abumrad NN, Abumrad NA, Flynn CR. CD36 Modulates Fasting and Preabsorptive Hormone and Bile Acid Levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1856-1866. [PMID: 29546316 PMCID: PMC6446573 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Abnormal fatty acid (FA) metabolism contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The FA receptor CD36 has been linked to risk of metabolic syndrome. In rodents CD36 regulates various aspects of fat metabolism, but whether it has similar actions in humans is unknown. We examined the impact of a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism in CD36 on postprandial hormone and bile acid (BA) responses. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the minor allele (G) of coding CD36 variant rs3211938 (G/T), which reduces CD36 level by ∼50%, influences hormonal responses to a high-fat meal (HFM). DESIGN Obese African American (AA) women carriers of the G allele of rs3211938 (G/T) and weight-matched noncarriers (T/T) were studied before and after a HFM. SETTING Two-center study. PARTICIPANTS Obese AA women. INTERVENTION HFM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Early preabsorptive responses (10 minutes) and extended excursions in plasma hormones [C-peptide, insulin, incretins, ghrelin fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, FGF21], BAs, and serum lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein) were determined. RESULTS At fasting, G-allele carriers had significantly reduced cholesterol and glycodeoxycholic acid and consistent but nonsignificant reductions of serum lipoproteins. Levels of GLP-1 and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were reduced 60% to 70% and those of total BAs were 1.8-fold higher. After the meal, G-allele carriers displayed attenuated early (-10 to 10 minute) responses in insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, gastric inhibitory peptide, and PP. BAs exhibited divergent trends in G allele carriers vs noncarriers concomitant with differential FGF19 responses. CONCLUSIONS CD36 plays an important role in the preabsorptive hormone and BA responses that coordinate brain and gut regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndya A Shibao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Charles Robb Flynn, PhD, Department of Surgery, MRBIV Room 8465A, 2213 Garland Avenue, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232. E-mail: ; or Cyndya Shibao, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, 562 Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232. E-mail:
| | - Jorge E Celedonio
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robyn Tamboli
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Reem Sidani
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Terri Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yanhua Xiong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Naji N Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles Robb Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Charles Robb Flynn, PhD, Department of Surgery, MRBIV Room 8465A, 2213 Garland Avenue, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232. E-mail: ; or Cyndya Shibao, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, 562 Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232. E-mail:
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Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Goncalves A, Kopec R, Nowicki M, Morange S, Lesavre N, Portugal H, Reboul E. A Combination of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Is Associated with Interindividual Variability in Cholecalciferol Bioavailability in Healthy Men. J Nutr 2016; 146:2421-2428. [PMID: 27798339 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.237115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people require dietary vitamin D to achieve the recommended concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the blood. However, the response to vitamin D supplementation is highly variable among individuals. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether the variability in cholecalciferol bioavailability was associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes. METHODS In a single-group design, 39 healthy adult men with a mean ± SD age of 33 ± 2 y and mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2) of 22.9 ± 0.3 were genotyped with the use of whole-genome microarrays. After an overnight fast, plasma 25(OH)D status was measured, and the subjects then consumed a meal that provided 5 mg cholecalciferol as a supplement. Plasma chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration was measured over 8 h, and cholecalciferol response was assessed by calculating the postprandial area under the curve. Partial least squares regression was used to test the association of SNPs in or near candidate genes (61 genes representing 3791 SNPs) with the postprandial cholecalciferol response. RESULTS The postprandial chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration peaked at 5.4 h. The cholecalciferol response was extremely variable among individuals (CV: 47%). It correlated with the chylomicron triglyceride (TG) response (r = 0.60; P < 0.001) but not with the fasting plasma 25(OH)D concentration (r = 0.04; P = 0.83). A significant (P = 1.32 × 10-4) partial least squares regression model that included 17 SNPs in 13 genes (including 5 that have been associated with chylomicron TG response) was associated with the variance in the cholecalciferol response. CONCLUSION In healthy men, there is a high interindividual variability in cholecalciferol bioavailability that is associated with a combination of SNPs located in or near genes involved in both vitamin D and lipid metabolism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02100774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Desmarchelier
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France;
| | | | - Rachel Kopec
- National Institute for Agricultural Research, Avignon, France.,Security and Quality of Plant Products, University of Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Morange
- Clinical Investigation Centre, Conception Hospital, Marseille, France; and
| | - Nathalie Lesavre
- Clinical Investigation Centre, North Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Henri Portugal
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Reboul
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
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Abstract
AbstractResearch points to postprandial glucose and TAG measures as preferable assessments of cardiovascular risk as compared with fasting values. Although elevated postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses are thought to substantially increase chronic disease risk, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia have historically only been considered separately. However, carbohydrates and fats can generally ‘compete’ for clearance from the stomach, small intestine, bloodstream and within the peripheral cell. Further, there are previous data demonstrating that the addition of carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts the postprandial lipaemic response, and the addition of fat to a high-carbohydrate meal blunts the postprandial glycaemic response. Thus, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia are interrelated. The purpose of this brief review is 2-fold: first, to review the current evidence implicating postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia in chronic disease risk, and, second, to examine the possible utility of a single postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic summative value, which will be referred to as the metabolic load index. The potential benefits of the metabolic load index extend to the clinician, patient and researcher.
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10
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Love-Gregory L, Kraja AT, Allum F, Aslibekyan S, Hedman ÅK, Duan Y, Borecki IB, Arnett DK, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Ordovas JM, Hopkins PN, Grundberg E, Abumrad NA. Higher chylomicron remnants and LDL particle numbers associate with CD36 SNPs and DNA methylation sites that reduce CD36. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2176-2184. [PMID: 27729386 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p065250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) variants influence fasting lipids and risk of metabolic syndrome, but their impact on postprandial lipids, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unclear. We determined the effects of SNPs within a ∼410 kb region encompassing CD36 and its proximal and distal promoters on chylomicron (CM) remnants and LDL particles at fasting and at 3.5 and 6 h following a high-fat meal (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study, n = 1,117). Five promoter variants associated with CMs, four with delayed TG clearance and five with LDL particle number. To assess mechanisms underlying the associations, we queried expression quantitative trait loci, DNA methylation, and ChIP-seq datasets for adipose and heart tissues that function in postprandial lipid clearance. Several SNPs that associated with higher serum lipids correlated with lower adipose and heart CD36 mRNA and aligned to active motifs for PPARγ, a major CD36 regulator. The SNPs also associated with DNA methylation sites that related to reduced CD36 mRNA and higher serum lipids, but mixed-model analyses indicated that the SNPs and methylation independently influence CD36 mRNA. The findings support contributions of CD36 SNPs that reduce adipose and heart CD36 RNA expression to inter-individual variability of postprandial lipid metabolism and document changes in CD36 DNA methylation that influence both CD36 expression and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Åsa K Hedman
- Departments of Medical Sciences and Molecular Epidemiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism and Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JU, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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11
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Yamasaki M, Mutombo PBWB, Iwamoto M, Nogi A, Hashimoto M, Nabika T, Shiwaku K. The interaction of Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (rs12286037) and lifestyle modification on plasma triglyceride levels in Japanese. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:379-84. [PMID: 26244076 PMCID: PMC4523481 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (APOA5 T-1131C) is known to be associated with elevated plasma TG levels, although little is known of the influence of the interaction between APOA5 T-1131C and lifestyle modification on TG levels. To investigate this matter, we studied APOA5 T-1131C and plasma TG levels of subjects participating in a three-month lifestyle modification program. SUBJECTS/METHODS A three-month lifestyle modification program was conducted with 297 participants (Age: 57 ± 8 years) in Izumo City, Japan, from 2001-2007. Changes in energy balance (the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure) and BMI were used to evaluate the participants' responses to the lifestyle modification. RESULTS Even after adjusting for confounding factors, plasma TG levels were significantly different at baseline among three genotype subgroups: TT, 126 ± 68 mg/dl; TC, 134 ± 74 mg/dl; and CC, 172 ± 101 mg/dl. Lifestyle modification resulted in significant reductions in plasma TG levels in the TT, TC, and CC genotype subgroups: -21.9 ± 61.0 mg/dl, -20.9 ± 51.0 mg/dl, and -42.6 ± 78.5 mg/dl, respectively, with no significant differences between them. In a stepwise regression analysis, age, APOA5 T-1131C, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the 18:1/18:0 ratio showed independent association with plasma TG levels at baseline. In a general linear model analysis, APOA5 T-1131C C-allele carriers showed significantly greater TG reduction with decreased energy balance than wild type carriers after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline plasma TG levels. CONCLUSIONS The genetic effects of APOA5 T-1131C independently affected plasma TG levels. However, lifestyle modification was effective in significantly reducing plasma TG levels despite the APOA5 T-1131C genotype background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yamasaki
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Paulin Beya Wa Bitadi Mutombo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 127 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mamiko Iwamoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Nogi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Human Nutrition, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi 753-8502, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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12
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Shearer J, Graham TE. Performance effects and metabolic consequences of caffeine and caffeinated energy drink consumption on glucose disposal. Nutr Rev 2015; 72 Suppl 1:121-36. [PMID: 25293551 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review documents two opposing effects of caffeine and caffeine-containing energy drinks, i.e., their positive effects on athletic performance and their negative impacts on glucose tolerance in the sedentary state. Analysis of studies examining caffeine administration prior to performance-based exercise showed caffeine improved completion time by 3.6%. Similar analyses following consumption of caffeine-containing energy drinks yielded positive, but more varied, benefits, which were likely due to the diverse nature of the studies performed, the highly variable composition of the beverages consumed, and the range of caffeine doses administered. Conversely, analyses of studies administering caffeine prior to either an oral glucose tolerance test or insulin clamp showed a decline in whole-body glucose disposal of ~30%. The consequences of this resistance are unknown, but there may be implications for the development of a number of chronic diseases. Both caffeine-induced performance enhancement and insulin resistance converge with the primary actions of caffeine on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Connors KE, Karlos AE, Gnatiuk EA, Shearer J, Reimer RA, Hittel DS. SORT1
Protective Allele Is Associated With Attenuated Postprandial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:576-82. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Elevated levels of lipids and lipoproteins have strong genetic determinants and are recognized as key risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease, particularly in the postprandial state. The aim of the study to determine whether young adults, when stratified by genotype at the rs646776 variant of the 1p13 locus, displayed differential postprandial responses to an oral fat tolerance test.
Methods and Results—
Participants (n=30) received a high-fat mixed meal (91 g; 55% kcal from fat) after an overnight fast and a fat-exclusion meal (3.9 g; 6% kcal from fat) at 8 hours postprandially. Blood samples were obtained at
t
=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours for lipoprotein analyses via nuclear magnetic resonance profiling. Carriers of the minor, protective allele (TC/CC) displayed lower fasting (TC/CC, 30.1±3.0 nmol/L versus TT, 48.8±5.1 nmol/L;
P
<0.01) and mean postprandial (TC/CC, 44.2±3.1 nmol/L versus TT, 57.0±4.5 nmol/L;
P
=0.03) very low-density lipoprotein and chylomicron particle number in addition to triglyceride content when compared with individuals homozygous for the major, risk allele (TT).
Conclusions—
We report a novel association between the
SORT1
1p13 locus and extent of postprandial lipaemia. These results provide evidence of decreased exposure to atherogenic particles in carriers of the minor
SORT1
allele, suggesting relative protection against cardiovascular disease when compared with TT homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E. Connors
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela E. Karlos
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Gnatiuk
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin S. Hittel
- From the Faculty of Kinesiology (K.E.C., E.A.G., J.S., R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine (A.E.K., J.S., R.A.R.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the Faculty of Medicine (J.S., R.A.R., D.S.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Conway V, Allard MJ, Minihane AM, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Plourde M. Postprandial enrichment of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins with omega-3 fatty acids: lack of an interaction with apolipoprotein E genotype? Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:148. [PMID: 25227179 PMCID: PMC4177609 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that carrying the apolipoprotein (apo) E epsilon 4 (E4+) genotype disrupts omega-3 fatty acids (n - 3 PUFA) metabolism. Here we hypothesise that the postprandial clearance of n - 3 PUFA from the circulation is faster in E4+ compared to non-carriers (E4-). The objective of the study was to investigate the fasted and postprandial fatty acid (FA) profile of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions: Sf >400 (predominately chylomicron CM), Sf 60 - 400 (VLDL1), and Sf 20 - 60 (VLDL2) according to APOE genotype. METHODS Postprandial TRL fractions were obtained in 11 E4+ (ϵ3/ϵ4) and 12 E4- (ϵ3/ϵ3) male from the SATgenϵ study following high saturated fat diet + 3.45 g/d of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 8-wk. Blood samples were taken at fasting and 5-h after consuming a test-meal representative of the dietary intervention. FA were characterized by gas chromatography. RESULTS At fasting, there was a 2-fold higher ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to arachidonic acid (P = 0.046) as well as a trend towards higher relative% of EPA (P = 0.063) in the Sf >400 fraction of E4+. Total n - 3 PUFA in the Sf 60 - 400 and Sf 20 - 60 fractions were not APOE genotype dependant. At 5 h, there was a trend towards a time × genotype interaction (P = 0.081) for EPA in the Sf >400 fraction. When sub-groups were form based on the level of EPA at baseline within the Sf >400 fraction, postprandial EPA (%) was significantly reduced only in the high-EPA group. EPA at baseline significantly predicted the postprandial response in EPA only in E4+ subjects (R2 = 0.816). CONCLUSION Despite the DHA supplement contain very low levels of EPA, E4+ subjects with high EPA at fasting potentially have disrupted postprandial n - 3 PUFA metabolism after receiving a high-dose of DHA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01544855.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada.
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15
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Caballero AI, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Traditional Risk Factors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:788-801. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.726660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Lifestyle changes have an impact on lipid metabolism. The overload of circulating lipids may lead to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory response, which may be further aggravated in the presence of overweight. This study aims to describe the postprandial metabolism and inflammatory response in overweight and normal-weight adolescents. Sixty-two adolescents aged 11–18 years were divided into two groups: overweight (OW; n=38) and normal weight (NW; n=24). Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen and leukocytes were collected for fasting and 4 and 6 h after a oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) consisting of a high-fat meal with 1.000 Kcal, 27.4% carbohydrates, 14.7% protein and 57.8% lipids (30.4% saturated, 32.7% monounsaturated, 26.5% polyunsaturated fatty acids and 288 mg TC). Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and Pearson, Spearman and partial correlations. OW adolescents showed significantly higher fasting values of TC (P=0.036), LDL-C (P=0.010), fibrinogen (P=0.036) and hs-CRP (P=0.004). All variables, except for glucose, increased in response to OFTT, but there were no interactions between group and time. body mass index z-score was positively correlated to LDL-C, TG, fibrinogen and hs-CRP, and inversely correlated to HDL-C. In conclusion, adolescents with OW showed higher TC, LDL-C and inflammatory markers levels than NW adolescents. These findings have clinical implications for prevention of chronic diseases, as we spend most of our days in a postprandial state.
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17
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Desmarchelier C, Martin JC, Planells R, Gastaldi M, Nowicki M, Goncalves A, Valéro R, Lairon D, Borel P. The postprandial chylomicron triacylglycerol response to dietary fat in healthy male adults is significantly explained by a combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in triacylglycerol metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E484-8. [PMID: 24423365 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The postprandial chylomicron (CM) triacylglycerol (TG) response to dietary fat, which is positively associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk, displays a high interindividual variability. This is assumed to be due, at least partly, to polymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism. Existing studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), resulting in only a low explained variability. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify a combination of SNPs associated with the postprandial CM TG response. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Thirty-three healthy male volunteers were subjected to 4 standardized fat tolerance test meals (to correct for intraindividual variability) and genotyped using whole-genome microarrays. The plasma CM TG concentration was measured at regular interval times after each meal. The association of SNPs in or near candidate genes (126 genes representing 6225 SNPs) with the postprandial CM TG concentration (0-8 h areas under the curve averaged for the 4 test meals) was assessed by partial least squares regression, a multivariate statistical approach. RESULTS Data obtained allowed us to generate a validated significant model (P = 1.3 × 10(-7)) that included 42 SNPs in 23 genes (ABCA1, APOA1, APOA5, APOB, BET1, CD36, COBLL1, ELOVL5, FRMD5, GPAM, INSIG2, IRS1, LDLR, LIPC, LPL, LYPLAL1, MC4R, NAT2, PARK2, SLC27A5, SLC27A6, TCF7L2, and ZNF664) and explained 88% of the variance. In 39 of these SNPs, univariate analysis showed that subjects with different genotypes exhibited significantly different (q < .05) postprandial CM TG responses. CONCLUSIONS Using a multivariate approach, we report a combination of SNPs that explains a significant part of the variability in the postprandial CM TG response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Desmarchelier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, F-13005, Marseille, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1062, F-13005, Marseille, France; and Aix-Marseille Université, Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotiques, F-13005, Marseille, France
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we discuss the postprandial pathophysiological mechanisms that promote vascular disease, the evidence for a role of postprandial lipaemia (PPL) in vascular disease and the effect of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors in PPL. RECENT FINDINGS PPL refers to the dynamic changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins (mainly in serum triglycerides) that occur after a fat load or a meal. Recent data indicate that postprandial or nonfasting triglyceride levels are better predictors of cardiovascular risk, suggesting that efficiency of postprandial handling of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins plays a role in the causation of vascular disease. SUMMARY The recent finding that postprandial serum triglyceride levels are even better than fasting serum triglyceride levels as predictors of vascular disease indicate that it is better to measure an index of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (in most cases serum triglyceride levels) in the postprandial period than in the postabsorptive fasting state. Moreover, by the time the postabsorptive state is reached, some of these proatherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein changes may be missed in the measurement.
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Postprandial changes in high density lipoproteins in rats subjected to gavage administration of virgin olive oil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55231. [PMID: 23383120 PMCID: PMC3558467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The present study was designed to verify the influence of acute fat loading on high density lipoprotein (HDL) composition, and the involvement of liver and different segments of small intestine in the changes observed. Methods and Results To address these issues, rats were administered a bolus of 5-ml of extra-virgin olive oil and sacrificed 4 and 8 hours after feeding. In these animals, lipoproteins were analyzed and gene expressions of apolipoprotein and HDL enzymes were assessed in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and liver. Using this experimental design, total plasma and HDL phospholipids increased at the 8-hour-time-point due to increased sphingomyelin content. An increase in apolipoprotein A4 was also observed mainly in lipid-poor HDL. Increased expression of intestinal Apoa1, Apoa4 and Sgms1 mRNA was accompanied by hepatic decreases in the first two genes in liver. Hepatic expression of Abcg1, Apoa1bp, Apoa2, Apoe, Ptlp, Pon1 and Scarb1 decreased significantly following fat gavage, while no changes were observed for Abca1, Lcat or Pla2g7. Significant associations were also noted for hepatic expression of apolipoproteins and Pon1. Manipulation of postprandial triglycerides using an inhibitor of microsomal transfer protein -CP-346086- or of lipoprotein lipase –tyloxapol- did not influence hepatic expression of Apoa1 or Apoa4 mRNA. Conclusion All these data indicate that dietary fat modifies the phospholipid composition of rat HDL, suggesting a mechanism of down-regulation of hepatic HDL when intestine is the main source of those particles and a coordinated regulation of hepatic components of these lipoproteins at the mRNA level, independently of plasma postprandial triglycerides.
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20
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Phillips CM. Nutrigenetics and metabolic disease: current status and implications for personalised nutrition. Nutrients 2013; 5:32-57. [PMID: 23306188 PMCID: PMC3571637 DOI: 10.3390/nu5010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, particularly central adiposity, is the primary causal factor in the development of insulin resistance, the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a common condition characterized by dyslipidaemia and hypertension, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Interactions between genetic and environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle, particularly over-nutrition and sedentary behavior, promote the progression and pathogenesis of these polygenic diet-related diseases. Their current prevalence is increasing dramatically to epidemic proportions. Nutrition is probably the most important environmental factor that modulates expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and the variety of phenotypes associated with obesity, the MetS and T2DM. Furthermore, the health effects of nutrients may be modulated by genetic variants. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics require an understanding of nutrition, genetics, biochemistry and a range of “omic” technologies to investigate the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors relevant to metabolic health and disease. These rapidly developing fields of nutritional science hold much promise in improving nutrition for optimal personal and public health. This review presents the current state of the art in nutrigenetic research illustrating the significance of gene-nutrient interactions in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Phillips
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
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21
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Jackson KG, Poppitt SD, Minihane AM. Postprandial lipemia and cardiovascular disease risk: Interrelationships between dietary, physiological and genetic determinants. Atherosclerosis 2012; 220:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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AT1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in relation to Postprandial Lipemia. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:271030. [PMID: 21941658 PMCID: PMC3176427 DOI: 10.1155/2012/271030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recent data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We explored the effect of the common A1166C and C573T polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene on postprandial lipemia.Methods. Eighty-two subjects measured daytime capillary TG, and postprandial lipemia was estimated as incremental area under the TG curve. The C573T and A1166C polymorphisms of the AT1R gene were determined.Results. Postprandial lipemia was significantly higher in homozygous carriers of the 1166-C allele (9.39±8.36 mM*h/L) compared to homozygous carriers of the 1166-A allele (2.02±6.20 mM*h/L) (P<0.05). Postprandial lipemia was similar for the different C573T polymorphisms.Conclusion. The 1166-C allele of the AT1R gene seems to be associated with increased postprandial lipemia. These data confirm the earlier described relationships between the renin-angiotensin axis and triglyceride metabolism.
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APOE and FABP2 Polymorphisms and History of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Diabetes, and Gallbladder Disease. CHOLESTEROL 2011; 2011:896360. [PMID: 21941641 PMCID: PMC3175690 DOI: 10.1155/2011/896360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional lipid metabolism plays a central role in pathogenesis of major chronic diseases, and genetic factors are important determinants of individual lipid profiles. We analyzed the associations of two well-established functional polymorphisms (FABP2 A54T and APOE isoforms) with past and family histories of 1492 population samples. FABP2-T54 allele was associated with an increased risk of past history of myocardial infarction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51). Likewise, the subjects with APOE4, compared with E2 and E3, had a significantly increased risk of past history myocardial infarction (OR = 1.89). The OR associated with APOE4 was specifically increased in women for past history of myocardial infarction but decreased for gallstone disease. Interactions between gender and APOE isoforms were also significant or marginally significant for these two conditions. FABP2-T54 allele may be a potential genetic marker for myocardial infarction, and APOE4 may exert sex-dependent effects on myocardial infarction and gallbladder disease.
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A variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene regulates postprandial lipid metabolism in a healthy Caucasian population. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:468-71. [PMID: 21736789 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is an essential regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis. Previous data suggest an influence of MC4R activity on TAG levels. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the presence of the rs12970134 polymorphism near the MC4R gene could influence postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in healthy subjects. A total of eighty-eight volunteers were selected, fifty-three homozygous for the common genotype (G/G) and thirty-five carriers for the minor A-allele (G/A and A/A). They were given a fat-rich meal containing 1 g fat and 7 mg cholesterol/kg body weight and vitamin A (60,000 IU/m(2) body surface). Fat accounted for 60 % of energy, and protein and carbohydrates accounted for 15 and 25 % of energy, respectively. Blood samples were taken at time 0, every 1 h until 6 h and every 2·5 h until 11 h. Total cholesterol and TAG in plasma, and cholesterol, TAG and retinyl palmitate in TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRL, large and small TRL) were separated by ultracentrifugation. Individuals carrying the G/G genotype displayed a higher postprandial response of plasma TAG (P = 0·033), total cholesterol (P = 0·019) and large TRL-TAG (P = 0·023) than did carriers of the minor A-allele. Furthermore, G/G subjects showed a greater postprandial response of small TRL-apoB48 than did carriers of the A-allele (P = 0·032). These results suggest that the rs12970134 polymorphism near the MC4R gene region may partly explain the inter-individual differences in postprandial lipoprotein response in healthy subjects.
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Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Update on genetics of postprandial lipemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011; 11:39-43. [PMID: 20434407 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between alimentary lipemia and coronary disease is of great interest in view of the epidemiological and experimental evidence that underlies it. The modulation of such phenomena is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, thus explaining their extraordinary individual variance. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research in this area, with often conflicting findings reported in the literature. In this study we have presented the current evidence linking a number of candidate genes (APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster, ABCA1, CETP, GCKR, HL, IL-6, LPL, PLIN, and TCF7L2) to the modulation of the postprandial lipid metabolism. Increased knowledge of how these and other genes influence postprandial response should increase the understanding of personalised nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia/Universidad de Cordoba and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Curti MLR, Jacob P, Borges MC, Rogero MM, Ferreira SRG. Studies of gene variants related to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and obesity: implications for a nutrigenetic approach. J Obes 2011; 2011:497401. [PMID: 21773006 PMCID: PMC3136190 DOI: 10.1155/2011/497401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered a serious public health issue due to its strong impact on health, economy, and quality of life. It is considered a chronic low-grade inflammation state and is directly involved in the genesis of metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, there is evidence that genetic variation that predisposes to inflammation and metabolic disturbances could interact with environmental factors, such as diet, modulating individual susceptibility to developing these conditions. This paper aims to review the possible interactions between diet and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes implicated on the inflammatory response, lipoprotein metabolism, and oxidative status. Therefore, the impact of genetic variants of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR-)gamma, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, Apo A2, Apo A5, Apo E, glutathione peroxidases 1, 2, and 4, and selenoprotein P exposed to variations on diet composition is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Roberta G. Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Martínez-Beamonte R, Navarro MA, Larraga A, Strunk M, Barranquero C, Acín S, Guzman MA, Iñigo P, Osada J. Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in rats. J Biotechnol 2011; 151:325-34. [PMID: 21219943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selection of the most stable reference gene is critical for a reliable interpretation of gene expression data using RT-PCR. In order so, 17 commonly used genes were analyzed in Wistar rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and liver following a fat gavage and at two time periods. These reference genes were also tested in liver from Zucker (fa/fa) on a long-term dietary trial. Four strategies were used to select the most suitable reference gene for each tissue: ranking according to biological coefficient of variation and further validation by statistical comparison among groups, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper programs. No agreement was observed among these approaches for a particular gene, nor a common gene for all tissues. Furthermore we demonstrated that normalising using an inadequate reference conveyed into false negative and positive results. The selection of genes provided by BestKeeper resulted in more reliable results than the other statistical packages. According to this program, Tbp, Ubc, Hprt and Rn18s were the best reference genes for duodenum, jejunum, ileum and liver, respectively following a fat gavage in Wistar rats and Rn18s for liver in another rat strain on a long-term dietary intervention. Therefore, BestKeeper is highly recommendable to select the most stable gene to be used as internal standard and the selection of a specific reference expression gene requires a validation for each tissue and experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Carvalho-Wells AL, Jackson KG, Gill R, Olano-Martin E, Lovegrove JA, Williams CM, Minihane AM. Interactions between age and apoE genotype on fasting and postprandial triglycerides levels. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:481-7. [PMID: 20643407 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influences of genetic determinants on the magnitude of postprandial lipaemia are presently unclear. Here the impact of the common apolipoprotein (apo)E epsilon mutation on the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response is determined, along with an assessment of genotype penetrance according to age, body mass index and gender. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy adults (n=251) underwent a postprandial investigation, in which blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast (0 min, 49 g fat) and lunch (330 min, 29 g fat) until 480 min after the test breakfast. There was a significant impact of apoE genotype on fasting total cholesterol (TC), (P=0.027), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), (P=0.008), and %LDL(3) (P=0.001), with higher and lower levels in the E4 and E2 carriers respectively relative to the E3/E3 genotype. Reflective of a higher fasting TG (P=0.001), a significantly higher area under the curve for the postprandial TG response (TG AUC) was evident in the E4 carriers relative to the E3/E3 group (P=0.038). In the group as a whole, a significant age×genotype interaction was observed for fasting TC (P=0.021). In the participants>50 years there was a significant impact of genotype on TC (P=0.005), LDL-C (P=0.001) and TAG AUC (P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS It is possible that an exaggerated postprandial lipaemia contributes to the increased coronary heart disease risk associated with carriers of the E4 allele; an effect which is more evident in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Carvalho-Wells
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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Rudkowska I, Vohl MC. Interaction between diets, polymorphisms and plasma lipid levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and rate of progression is determined by genetic, environmental and behavioural factors. Majority of genotype-diet-CVD phenotype research till date has focussed on the interactive impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and dietary fat composition, on blood lipids levels, with strong evidence of the existence of hypo- and hyper-responders. However, a recognised concern in the field of nutrigenetics is a lack of consistency between findings of different studies. This apparent lack of consistency is likely to be attributable to the impact of factors such as ethnicity and gender on the 'size' of nutrigenetic interactions, a clear understanding of which needs to be gained. Although not yet ready for widespread use, in the future a greater use of genetic profiling is likely to enhance current strategies of CVD prediction, and improve the design of more personalised approaches to minimise risk in the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Minihane
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Jackson KG, Clarke DT, Murray P, Lovegrove JA, O'Malley B, Minihane AM, Williams CM. Introduction to the DISRUPT postprandial database: subjects, studies and methodologies. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 5:39-48. [PMID: 19787382 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in the postprandial state are recognised as important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to create a comprehensive, standardised database of postprandial studies to provide insights into the physiological factors that influence postprandial lipid and glucose responses. Data were collated from subjects (n = 467) taking part in single and sequential meal postprandial studies conducted by researchers at the University of Reading, to form the DISRUPT (DIetary Studies: Reading Unilever Postprandial Trials) database. Subject attributes including age, gender, genotype, menopausal status, body mass index, blood pressure and a fasting biochemical profile, together with postprandial measurements of triacylglycerol (TAG), non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, insulin and TAG-rich lipoprotein composition are recorded. A particular strength of the studies is the frequency of blood sampling, with on average 10-13 blood samples taken during each postprandial assessment, and the fact that identical test meal protocols were used in a number of studies, allowing pooling of data to increase statistical power. The DISRUPT database is the most comprehensive postprandial metabolism database that exists worldwide and preliminary analysis of the pooled sequential meal postprandial dataset has revealed both confirmatory and novel observations with respect to the impact of gender and age on the postprandial TAG response. Further analysis of the dataset using conventional statistical techniques along with integrated mathematical models and clustering analysis will provide a unique opportunity to greatly expand current knowledge of the aetiology of inter-individual variability in postprandial lipid and glucose responses.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent findings relating to the impact of dietary fat composition on whole body lipid metabolism, and common gene variants on the blood lipid response to dietary fat change. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake on the regulation of transcription factors involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism has emerged. The evidence is suggestive of a greater potency of the long chain n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and in particular their oxidative products, relative to n-6 PUFA. In the area of nutrigenetics a number of common gene variants have been identified which may be important determinants of the blood lipid response to altered dietary fat composition. However, confirmation of associations in independent cohorts, and an understanding of the size effect of individual or combinations of genotypes, is often lacking. SUMMARY Although in the future, genotyping holds the potential as a public health tool to target and personalize dietary advice, nutrigenetics is a relatively new science, and further research is needed to address the existing inconsistencies and knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Minihane
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.
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Nutrigenetics and personalised nutrition: how far have we progressed and are we likely to get there? Proc Nutr Soc 2009; 68:162-72. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665109001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenetics and personalised nutrition are components of the concept that in the future genotyping will be used as a means of defining dietary recommendations to suit the individual. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research in this area, with often conflicting findings reported in the literature. Reviews of the literature in the area of apoE genotype and cardiovascular health, apoA5 genotype and postprandial lipaemia and perilipin and adiposity are used to demonstrate the complexities of genotype–phenotype associations and the aetiology of apparent between-study inconsistencies in the significance and size of effects. Furthermore, genetic research currently often takes a very reductionist approach, examining the interactions between individual genotypes and individual disease biomarkers and how they are modified by isolated dietary components or foods. Each individual possesses potentially hundreds of ‘at-risk’ gene variants and consumes a highly-complex diet. In order for nutrigenetics to become a useful public health tool, there is a great need to use mathematical and bioinformatic tools to develop strategies to examine the combined impact of multiple gene variants on a range of health outcomes and establish how these associations can be modified using combined dietary strategies.
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Deram S, Nicolau CY, Perez-Martinez P, Guazzelli I, Halpern A, Wajchenberg BL, Ordovas JM, Villares SM. Effects of perilipin (PLIN) gene variation on metabolic syndrome risk and weight loss in obese children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:4933-40. [PMID: 18812483 PMCID: PMC2626445 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genetic polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus have been investigated for their potential utility as markers for obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). We examined in obese children and adolescents (OCA) aged 7-14 yr the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the PLIN locus with anthropometric, metabolic traits, and weight loss after 20-wk multidisciplinary behavioral and nutritional treatment without medication. DESIGN A total of 234 OCA [body mass index (BMI = 30.4 +/- 4.4 kg/m(2); BMI Z-score = 2.31 +/- 0.4) were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. We genotyped four SNPs (PLIN1 6209T-->C, PLIN4 11482G-->A, PLIN5 13041A-->G, and PLIN6 14995A-->T). RESULTS Allele frequencies were similar to other populations, PLIN1 and PLIN4 were in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.999; P < 0.001). At baseline, no anthropometric differences were observed, but minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with higher triglycerides (111 +/- 49 vs. 94 +/- 42 mg/dl; P = 0.003), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40 +/- 9 vs. 44 +/- 10 mg/dl; P = 0.003) and higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (4.0 +/- 2.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.1; P = 0.015). Minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with MS risk (age and sex adjusted) hazard ratio 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.9) for genotype GA and 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-9.9) for AA. After intervention, subjects carrying minor allele T at PLIN6 had increased weight loss (3.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 1.9 +/- 3.4 kg; P = 0.002) and increased loss of the BMI Z-score (0.23 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.15; P = 0.003). Due to group size, risk of by-chance findings cannot be excluded. CONCLUSION The minor A allele at PLIN4 was associated with higher risk of MS at baseline, whereas the PLIN6 SNP was associated with better weight loss, suggesting that these polymorphisms may predict outcome strategies based on multidisciplinary treatment for OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deram
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Metabolic Disease-LIM-25 of HC-FMUSP, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 455, Room 4305, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, CEP 01246-903.
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