1
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Chen Y, Liu S, Wei Y, Wei H, Yuan X, Xiong B, Tang M, Yang T, Yang Z, Ye H, Yang J, Chen L. Discovery of Potent and Selective Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate 5-Kinase (PIKfyve) Inhibitors as Methuosis Inducers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:165-179. [PMID: 38117948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic vacuolation-associated cell death, known as methuosis, offers a promising nonapoptotic approach for cancer treatment. In this study, we outline the synthesis and evaluation of potent methuosis-inducing compounds. These compounds selectively induce cell death, characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation in HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, compound L22 exhibited a remarkable interaction with PIKfyve kinase, boasting a Kd value of 0.47 nM, surpassing the positive controls D-13 and MOMIPP in potency. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that cell death induced by compound L22 is unequivocally attributed to methuosis as it differs from apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Importantly, when administered orally, L22 effectively inhibited tumor growth in a HeLa xenograft model without any apparent signs of toxicity. These results underscore the potential of L22 as a valuable tool for in-depth investigations into the mechanisms of methuosis and as a promising lead compound to guide structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research and Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoche Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Li C, Qiao Y, Jiang X, Liu L, Zheng Y, Qiu Y, Cheng C, Zhou F, Zhou Y, Huang W, Ren X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Chinnaiyan AM, Ding K. Discovery of a First-in-Class Degrader for the Lipid Kinase PIKfyve. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12432-12445. [PMID: 37605297 PMCID: PMC10510382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve has emerged as a new potential therapeutic target in various cancers. However, limited clinical progress has been achieved with PIKfyve inhibitors. Here, we report the discovery of a first-in-class PIKfyve degrader 12d (PIK5-12d) by employing the proteolysis-targeting chimera approach. PIK5-12d potently degraded PIKfyve protein with a DC50 value of 1.48 nM and a Dmax value of 97.7% in prostate cancer VCaP cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that it selectively induced PIKfyve degradation in a VHL- and proteasome-dependent manner. PIKfyve degradation by PIK5-12d caused massive cytoplasmic vacuolization and blocked autophagic flux in multiple prostate cancer cell lines. Importantly, PIK5-12d was more effective in suppressing the growth of prostate cancer cells than the parent inhibitor and exerted prolonged inhibition of downstream signaling. Further, intraperitoneal administration of PIK5-12d exhibited potent PIKfyve degradation and suppressed tumor proliferation in vivo. Overall, PIK5-12d is a valuable chemical tool for exploring PIKfyve-based targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan
Center for Translational Pathology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xia Jiang
- Michigan
Center for Translational Pathology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lianchao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Michigan
Center for Translational Pathology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yudi Qiu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caleb Cheng
- Michigan
Center for Translational Pathology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development,
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou 511400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development,
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou 511400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixue Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- The
Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital and Department
of Urologic Sciences, The University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Zhen Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan
Center for Translational Pathology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ke Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Roadd, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People’s Republic of China
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development,
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou 511400, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Drewry DH, Potjewyd FM, Bayati A, Smith JL, Dickmander RJ, Howell S, Taft-Benz S, Min SM, Hossain MA, Heise M, McPherson PS, Moorman NJ, Axtman AD. Identification and Utilization of a Chemical Probe to Interrogate the Roles of PIKfyve in the Lifecycle of β-Coronaviruses. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12860-12882. [PMID: 36111834 PMCID: PMC9574855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
From a designed library of indolyl pyrimidinamines, we
identified
a highly potent and cell-active chemical probe (17) that
inhibits phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve). Comprehensive
evaluation of inhibitor selectivity confirmed that this PIKfyve probe
demonstrates excellent kinome-wide selectivity. A structurally related
indolyl pyrimidinamine (30) was characterized as a negative
control that lacks PIKfyve inhibitory activity and exhibits exquisite
selectivity when profiled broadly. Chemical probe 17 disrupts
multiple phases of the lifecycle of β-coronaviruses: viral replication
and viral entry. The diverse antiviral roles of PIKfyve have not been
previously probed comprehensively in a single study or using the same
compound set. Our scaffold is a distinct chemotype that lacks the
canonical morpholine hinge-binder of classical lipid kinase inhibitors
and has a non-overlapping kinase off-target profile with known PIKfyve
inhibitors. Our chemical probe set can be used by the community to
further characterize the role of PIKfyve in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frances M. Potjewyd
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Armin Bayati
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery L. Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebekah J. Dickmander
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stefanie Howell
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sharon Taft-Benz
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sophia M. Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark Heise
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Peter S. McPherson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nathaniel J. Moorman
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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4
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Rivero-Ríos P, Weisman LS. Roles of PIKfyve in multiple cellular pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102086. [PMID: 35584589 PMCID: PMC9108489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide signaling lipids are crucial for eukaryotes and regulate many aspects of cell function. These signaling molecules are difficult to study because they are extremely low abundance. Here, we focus on two of the lowest abundance phosphoinositides, PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, which play critical roles in cellular homeostasis, membrane trafficking and transcription. Their levels are tightly regulated by a protein complex that includes PIKfyve, Fig4 and Vac14. Importantly, mutations in this complex that decrease PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P are linked to human diseases, especially those of the nervous system. Paradoxically, PIKfyve inhibitors which decrease PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, are currently being tested for some neurodegenerative diseases, as well as other diverse diseases including some cancers, and as a treatment for SARS-CoV2 infection. A more comprehensive picture of the pathways that are regulated by PIKfyve will be critical to understand the roles of PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P in normal human physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Singh SP, Bhatnagar A, Singh SK, K Patra S, Kanwar N, Kanwal A, Amar S, Manna R. SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Impaired Tissue, and Metabolic Health: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutics. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2102-2123. [PMID: 35105287 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220201154845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human airways and comes into contact with the mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyes. The virus enters the healthy cells and uses cell machinery to make several copies of the virus. Critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have damaged lungs, air sacs, lining, and walls. Since COVID-19 causes cytokine storm, it damages the alveolar cells of the lungs and fills them with fluid, making it harder to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a range of complications, including mild to critical breathing difficulties. It has been observed that older people suffering from health conditions like cardiomyopathies, nephropathies, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes instigate severe symptoms. Many people who died due to COVID-19 had impaired metabolic health [IMH], characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, i.e., diabetes, cardiovascular system, and renal diseases making their retrieval challenging. Jeopardy stresses for increased mortality from COVID-19 include older age, COPD, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppression. However, no targeted therapies are available as of now. Almost two-thirds of diagnosed coronavirus patients had cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, out of which 37% were under 60. The NHS audit revealed that with a higher expression of ACE-2 receptors, viral particles could easily bind their protein spikes and get inside the cells, finally causing COVID-19 infection. Hence, people with IMH are more prone to COVID-19 and, ultimately, comorbidities. This review provides enormous information about tissue [lungs, heart and kidneys] damage, pathophysiological changes, and impaired metabolic health of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Moreover, it also designates the possible therapeutic targets of COVID-19 and drugs which can be used against these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aayushi Bhatnagar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305817
| | - Sujeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305817
| | - Sanjib K Patra
- Department of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305817
| | - Navjot Kanwar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151001
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151001
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Ranata Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305817
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6
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Mule S, Singh A, Greish K, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P, Shukla R. Drug repurposing strategies and key challenges for COVID-19 management. J Drug Target 2021; 30:413-429. [PMID: 34854327 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2013852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a clinical outcome of viral infection emerged due to strain of beta coronavirus which attacks the type-2 pneumocytes in alveoli via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. There is no satisfactory drug developed against 'SARS-CoV2', highlighting an immediate necessity chemotherapeutic repurposing plan COVID-19. Drug repurposing is a method of selection of approved therapeutics for new use and is considered to be the most effective drug finding strategy since it includes less time and cost to obtain treatment compared to the de novo drug acquisition process. Several drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, teicoplanin, darunavir, ritonavir, nitazoxanide, chloroquine, tocilizumab and favipiravir (FPV) showed their activity against 'SARS-CoV2' in vitro. This review has emphasized on repurposing of drugs, and biologics used in clinical set up for targeting COVID-19 and to evaluate their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety with their future aspect. The key benefit of drug repurposing is the wealth of information related to its safety, and easy accessibility. Altogether repurposing approach allows access to regulatory approval as well as reducing sophisticated safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Mule
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Khaled Greish
- Nanomedicine Unit, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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7
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Sun F, Mu C, Kwok HF, Xu J, Wu Y, Liu W, Sabatier JM, Annweiler C, Li X, Cao Z, Xie Y. Capivasertib restricts SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry: a potential clinical application for COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2348-2355. [PMID: 34239361 PMCID: PMC8241724 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has led to more than 150 million infections and about 3.1 million deaths up to date. Currently, drugs screened are urgently aiming to block the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we explored the interaction networks of kinase and COVID-19 crosstalk, and identified phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway as the most important kinase signal pathway involving COVID-19. Further, we found a PI3K/AKT signal pathway inhibitor capivasertib restricted the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Lastly, the signal axis PI3K/AKT/FYVE finger-containing phosphoinositide kinase (PIKfyve)/PtdIns(3,5)P2 was revealed to play a key role during the cellular entry of viruses including SARS-CoV-2, possibly providing potential antiviral targets. Altogether, our study suggests that the PI3K/AKT kinase inhibitor drugs may be a promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategy for clinical application, especially for managing cancer patients with COVID-19 in the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chenglin Mu
- Sino German Joint Research Center for Agricultural Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Jiyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Xugang Li
- Sino German Joint Research Center for Agricultural Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Biology Department, and Pilot Cluster of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Materia Medica, Biocluster within Cluster of Life Science and Engineering at C4, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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8
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Hussein NA, Malla S, Pasternak MA, Terrero D, Brown NG, Ashby CR, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Tiwari AK. The role of endolysosomal trafficking in anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100769. [PMID: 34217999 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle towards curative treatment of cancer. Despite considerable progress in delineating the basis of intrinsic and acquired MDR, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Emerging evidences suggest that dysregulation in endolysosomal compartments is involved in mediating MDR through multiple mechanisms, such as alterations in endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes, that traffic and biodegrade the molecular cargo through macropinocytosis, autophagy and endocytosis. For example, altered lysosomal pH, in combination with transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal biogenesis, increases the sequestration of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs that are weak bases, thereby producing an insufficient and off-target accumulation of anti-cancer drugs in MDR cancer cells. Thus, the use of well-tolerated, alkalinizing compounds that selectively block Vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) may be an important strategy to overcome MDR in cancer cells and increase chemotherapeutic efficacy. Other mechanisms of endolysosomal-mediated drug resistance include increases in the expression of lysosomal proteases and cathepsins that are involved in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, blocking the trafficking and maturation of lysosomal proteases or direct inhibition of cathepsin activity in the cytosol may represent novel therapeutic modalities to overcome MDR. Furthermore, endolysosomal compartments involved in catabolic pathways, such as macropinocytosis and autophagy, are also shown to be involved in the development of MDR. Here, we review the role of endolysosomal trafficking in MDR development and discuss how targeting endolysosomal pathways could emerge as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Noah G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA.
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9
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Gil C, Ginex T, Maestro I, Nozal V, Barrado-Gil L, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ, Urquiza J, Ramírez D, Alonso C, Campillo NE, Martinez A. COVID-19: Drug Targets and Potential Treatments. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12359-12386. [PMID: 32511912 PMCID: PMC7323060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, humans are immersed in a pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which threatens public health worldwide. To date, no drug or vaccine has been approved to treat the severe disease caused by this coronavirus, COVID-19. In this paper, we will focus on the main virus-based and host-based targets that can guide efforts in medicinal chemistry to discover new drugs for this devastating disease. In principle, all CoV enzymes and proteins involved in viral replication and the control of host cellular machineries are potentially druggable targets in the search for therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2. This Perspective provides an overview of the main targets from a structural point of view, together with reported therapeutic compounds with activity against SARS-CoV-2 and/or other CoVs. Also, the role of innate immune response to coronavirus infection and the related therapeutic options will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Maestro
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cuesta-Geijo
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Urquiza
- Department of Biotechnology,
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y
Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA),
Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid,
Spain
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Universidad Autónoma de Chile,
Llano Subercaseaux 2801- piso 6, 7500912 Santiago,
Chile
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology,
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y
Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA),
Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro
de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Kumar D, Chauhan G, Kalra S, Kumar B, Gill MS. A perspective on potential target proteins of COVID-19: Comparison with SARS-CoV for designing new small molecules. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104326. [PMID: 33142431 PMCID: PMC7524440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) epidemic has created an unprecedented medical and economic crisis all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 is found to have more contagious character as compared to MERS-CoV and is spreading in a very fast manner all around the globe. It has affected over 31 million people all over the world till date. This virus shares around 80% of genome similarity with SARS-CoV. In this perspective, we have explored three major targets namely; SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and 3CL or Mpro Protease for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. These targets have attracted attention of the medicinal chemists working on computer-aided drug design in developing new small molecules that might inhibit these targets for combating COVID-19 disease. Moreover, we have compared the similarity of these target proteins with earlier reported coronavirus (SARS-CoV). We have observed that both the coronaviruses share around 80% similarity in their amino acid sequence. The key amino acid interactions which can play a crucial role in designing new small molecule inhibitors against COVID-19 have been reported in this perspective. Authors believe that this study will help the medicinal chemists to understand the key amino acids essential for interactions at the active site of target proteins in SARS-CoV-2, based on their similarity with earlier reported viruses. In this review, we have also described the lead molecules under various clinical trials for their efficacy against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
| | - Manjinder Singh Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
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11
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Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Shisheva A. Small molecule PIKfyve inhibitors as cancer therapeutics: Translational promises and limitations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114771. [PMID: 31628917 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Through synthesis of two rare phosphoinositides, PtdIns(3,5)P2 and PtdIns5P, the ubiquitously expressed phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve is implicated in pleiotropic cellular functions. Small molecules specifically inhibiting PIKfyve activity cause cytoplasmic vacuolation in all dividing cells in culture yet trigger non-apoptotic death through excessive vacuolation only in cancer cells. Intriguingly, cancer cell toxicity appears to be inhibitor-specific suggesting that additional targets beyond PIKfyve are affected. One PIKfyve inhibitor - apilimod - is already in clinical trials for treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, apilimod is inactivated in cultured cells and exhibits unexpectedly low plasma levels in patients treated with maximum oral dosage. Thus, the potential widespread use of PIKfyve inhibitors as cancer therapeutics requires progress on multiple fronts: (i) advances in methods for isolating relevant cancer cells from individual patients; (ii) delineation of the molecular mechanisms potentiating the vacuolation induced by PIKfyve inhibitors in sensitive cancer cells; (iii) design of PIKfyve inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetics; and (iv) development of effective drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Urology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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12
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de Campos CB, Zhu YX, Sepetov N, Romanov S, Bruins LA, Shi CX, Stein CK, Petit JL, Polito AN, Sharik ME, Meermeier EW, Ahmann GJ, Armenta IDL, Kruse J, Bergsagel PL, Chesi M, Meurice N, Braggio E, Stewart AK. Identification of PIKfyve kinase as a target in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2019; 105:1641-1649. [PMID: 31582538 PMCID: PMC7271606 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.222729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular cytotoxicity of APY0201, a PIKfyve inhibitor, against multiple myeloma was initially identified in an unbiased in vitro chemical library screen. The activity of APY0201 was confirmed in all 25 cell lines tested and in 40% of 100 ex vivo patient-derived primary samples, with increased activity in primary samples harboring trisomies and lacking t(11;14). The broad anti-multiple myeloma activity of PIKfyve inhibitors was further demonstrated in confirmatory screens and showed the superior potency of APY0201 when compared to the PIKfyve inhibitors YM201636 and apilimod, with a mid-point half maximal effective concentration (EC50) at nanomolar concentrations in, respectively, 65%, 40%, and 5% of the tested cell lines. Upregulation of genes in the lysosomal pathway and increased cellular vacuolization were observed in vitro following APY0201 treatment, although these cellular effects did not correlate well with responsiveness. We confirm that PIKfyve inhibition is associated with activation of the transcription factor EB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Furthermore, we established an assay measuring autophagy as a predictive marker of APY0201 sensitivity. Overall, these findings indicate promising activity of PIKfyve inhibitors secondary to disruption of autophagy in multiple myeloma and suggest a strategy to enrich for likely responders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Xiao Zhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | | | - Laura Ann Bruins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Chang-Xin Shi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Caleb K Stein
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Joachim L Petit
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Alysia N Polito
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Meaghen E Sharik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Erin W Meermeier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Gregory J Ahmann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - Jonas Kruse
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Marta Chesi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Nathalie Meurice
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - A Keith Stewart
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
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13
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Liao YC, Fernandopulle MS, Wang G, Choi H, Hao L, Drerup CM, Patel R, Qamar S, Nixon-Abell J, Shen Y, Meadows W, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ, Nelson M, Czekalska MA, Musteikyte G, Gachechiladze MA, Stephens CA, Pasolli HA, Forrest LR, St George-Hyslop P, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ward ME. RNA Granules Hitchhike on Lysosomes for Long-Distance Transport, Using Annexin A11 as a Molecular Tether. Cell 2019; 179:147-164.e20. [PMID: 31539493 PMCID: PMC6890474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance RNA transport enables local protein synthesis at metabolically-active sites distant from the nucleus. This process ensures an appropriate spatial organization of proteins, vital to polarized cells such as neurons. Here, we present a mechanism for RNA transport in which RNA granules "hitchhike" on moving lysosomes. In vitro biophysical modeling, live-cell microscopy, and unbiased proximity labeling proteomics reveal that annexin A11 (ANXA11), an RNA granule-associated phosphoinositide-binding protein, acts as a molecular tether between RNA granules and lysosomes. ANXA11 possesses an N-terminal low complexity domain, facilitating its phase separation into membraneless RNA granules, and a C-terminal membrane binding domain, enabling interactions with lysosomes. RNA granule transport requires ANXA11, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated mutations in ANXA11 impair RNA granule transport by disrupting their interactions with lysosomes. Thus, ANXA11 mediates neuronal RNA transport by tethering RNA granules to actively-transported lysosomes, performing a critical cellular function that is disrupted in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guozhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Heejun Choi
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - William Meadows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | | | - Greta Musteikyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
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14
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Buckley CM, Heath VL, Guého A, Bosmani C, Knobloch P, Sikakana P, Personnic N, Dove SK, Michell RH, Meier R, Hilbi H, Soldati T, Insall RH, King JS. PIKfyve/Fab1 is required for efficient V-ATPase and hydrolase delivery to phagosomes, phagosomal killing, and restriction of Legionella infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007551. [PMID: 30730983 PMCID: PMC6382210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
By engulfing potentially harmful microbes, professional phagocytes are continually at risk from intracellular pathogens. To avoid becoming infected, the host must kill pathogens in the phagosome before they can escape or establish a survival niche. Here, we analyse the role of the phosphoinositide (PI) 5-kinase PIKfyve in phagosome maturation and killing, using the amoeba and model phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum. PIKfyve plays important but poorly understood roles in vesicular trafficking by catalysing formation of the lipids phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)2) and phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI(5)P). Here we show that its activity is essential during early phagosome maturation in Dictyostelium. Disruption of PIKfyve inhibited delivery of both the vacuolar V-ATPase and proteases, dramatically reducing the ability of cells to acidify newly formed phagosomes and digest their contents. Consequently, PIKfyve- cells were unable to generate an effective antimicrobial environment and efficiently kill captured bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate that cells lacking PIKfyve are more susceptible to infection by the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. We conclude that PIKfyve-catalysed phosphoinositide production plays a crucial and general role in ensuring early phagosomal maturation, protecting host cells from diverse pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Buckley
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Heath
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Guého
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Bosmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Knobloch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phumzile Sikakana
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Personnic
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen K. Dove
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H. Michell
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Meier
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert H. Insall
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S. King
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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15
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Baranov MV, Bianchi F, Schirmacher A, van Aart MAC, Maassen S, Muntjewerff EM, Dingjan I, Ter Beest M, Verdoes M, Keyser SGL, Bertozzi CR, Diederichsen U, van den Bogaart G. The Phosphoinositide Kinase PIKfyve Promotes Cathepsin-S-Mediated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Presentation. iScience 2018; 11:160-177. [PMID: 30612035 PMCID: PMC6319320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation to T cells in major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) requires the conversion of early endo/phagosomes into lysosomes by a process called maturation. Maturation is driven by the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve. Blocking PIKfyve activity by small molecule inhibitors caused a delay in the conversion of phagosomes into lysosomes and in phagosomal acidification, whereas production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. Elevated ROS resulted in reduced activity of cathepsin S and B, but not X, causing a proteolytic defect of MHC class II chaperone invariant chain Ii processing. We developed a novel universal MHC class II presentation assay based on a bio-orthogonal "clickable" antigen and showed that MHC class II presentation was disrupted by the inhibition of PIKfyve, which in turn resulted in reduced activation of CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate a key role of PIKfyve in the processing and presentation of antigens, which should be taken into consideration when targeting PIKfyve in autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Baranov
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Bianchi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasiya Schirmacher
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melissa A C van Aart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Maassen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Dingjan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands.
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16
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Sbrissa D, Naisan G, Ikonomov OC, Shisheva A. Apilimod, a candidate anticancer therapeutic, arrests not only PtdIns(3,5)P2 but also PtdIns5P synthesis by PIKfyve and induces bafilomycin A1-reversible aberrant endomembrane dilation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204532. [PMID: 30240452 PMCID: PMC6150535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PIKfyve, an evolutionarily conserved kinase synthesizing PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2, is crucial for mammalian cell proliferation and viability. Accordingly, PIKfyve inhibitors are now in clinical trials as anti-cancer drugs. Among those, apilimod is the most promising, yet its potency to inhibit PIKfyve and affect endomembrane homeostasis is only partially characterized. We demonstrate here for the first time that apilimod powerfully inhibited in vitro synthesis of PtdIns5P along with that of PtdIns(3,5)P2. HPLC-based resolution of intracellular phosphoinositides (PIs) revealed that apilimod triggered a marked reduction of both lipids in the context of intact cells. Notably, there was also a profound rise in PtdIns3P resulting from arrested PtdIns3P consumption for PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis. As typical for PIKfyve inhibition and the concomitant PtdIns(3,5)P2 reduction, apilimod induced the appearance of dilated endomembrane structures in the form of large translucent cytoplasmic vacuoles. Remarkably, bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) fully reversed the aberrant cell phenotype back to normal and completely precluded the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles when added prior to apilimod. Inspection of the PI profiles ruled out restoration of the reduced PtdIns(3,5)P2 pool as a molecular mechanism underlying BafA1 rescue. Rather, we found that BafA1 markedly attenuated the PtdIns3P elevation under PIKfyve inhibition. This was accompanied by profoundly decreased endosomal recruitment of fusogenic EEA1. Together, our data demonstrate that apilimod inhibits not only PtdIns(3,5)P2 but also PtdIns5P synthesis and that the cytoplasmic vacuolization triggered by the inhibitor is precluded or reversed by BafA1 through a mechanism associated, in part, with reduction in both PtdIns3P levels and EEA1 membrane recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ghassan Naisan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ognian C. Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Choy CH, Saffi G, Gray MA, Wallace C, Dayam RM, Ou ZYA, Lenk G, Puertollano R, Watkins SC, Botelho RJ. Lysosome enlargement during inhibition of the lipid kinase PIKfyve proceeds through lysosome coalescence. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213587. [PMID: 29661845 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes receive and degrade cargo from endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. They also play an important role in sensing and instructing cells on their metabolic state. The lipid kinase PIKfyve generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosome function. PIKfyve inhibition leads to impaired degradative capacity, ion dysregulation, abated autophagic flux and a massive enlargement of lysosomes. Collectively, this leads to various physiological defects, including embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and overt inflammation. The reasons for such drastic lysosome enlargement remain unclear. Here, we examined whether biosynthesis and/or fusion-fission dynamics contribute to swelling. First, we show that PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB, TFE3 and MITF, enhancing lysosome gene expression. However, this did not augment lysosomal protein levels during acute PIKfyve inhibition, and deletion of TFEB and/or related proteins did not impair lysosome swelling. Instead, PIKfyve inhibition led to fewer but enlarged lysosomes, suggesting that an imbalance favouring lysosome fusion over fission causes lysosome enlargement. Indeed, conditions that abated fusion curtailed lysosome swelling in PIKfyve-inhibited cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Choy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Golam Saffi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Matthew A Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Callen Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roya M Dayam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Zhen-Yi A Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Guy Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3537, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3 .,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
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18
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Dayam RM, Sun CX, Choy CH, Mancuso G, Glogauer M, Botelho RJ. The Lipid Kinase PIKfyve Coordinates the Neutrophil Immune Response through the Activation of the Rac GTPase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2096-2105. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Nelson EA, Dyall J, Hoenen T, Barnes AB, Zhou H, Liang JY, Michelotti J, Dewey WH, DeWald LE, Bennett RS, Morris PJ, Guha R, Klumpp-Thomas C, McKnight C, Chen YC, Xu X, Wang A, Hughes E, Martin S, Thomas C, Jahrling PB, Hensley LE, Olinger GG, White JM. The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase inhibitor apilimod blocks filoviral entry and infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005540. [PMID: 28403145 PMCID: PMC5402990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) is a lipid kinase involved in endosome maturation that emerged from a haploid genetic screen as being required for Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. Here we analyzed the effects of apilimod, a PIKfyve inhibitor that was reported to be well tolerated in humans in phase 2 clinical trials, for its effects on entry and infection of EBOV and Marburg virus (MARV). We first found that apilimod blocks infections by EBOV and MARV in Huh 7, Vero E6 and primary human macrophage cells, with notable potency in the macrophages (IC50, 10 nM). We next observed that similar doses of apilimod block EBOV-glycoprotein-virus like particle (VLP) entry and transcription-replication competent VLP infection, suggesting that the primary mode of action of apilimod is as an entry inhibitor, preventing release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm to initiate replication. After providing evidence that the anti-EBOV action of apilimod is via PIKfyve, we showed that it blocks trafficking of EBOV VLPs to endolysosomes containing Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), the intracellular receptor for EBOV. Concurrently apilimod caused VLPs to accumulate in early endosome antigen 1-positive endosomes. We did not detect any effects of apilimod on bulk endosome acidification, on the activity of cathepsins B and L, or on cholesterol export from endolysosomes. Hence by antagonizing PIKfyve, apilimod appears to block EBOV trafficking to its site of fusion and entry into the cytoplasm. Given the drug's observed anti-filoviral activity, relatively unexplored mechanism of entry inhibition, and reported tolerability in humans, we propose that apilimod be further explored as part of a therapeutic regimen to treat filoviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Julie Dyall
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Alyson B. Barnes
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janie Y. Liang
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia Michelotti
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Dewey
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa Evans DeWald
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Crystal McKnight
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emma Hughes
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott Martin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Craig Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gene G. Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith M. White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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20
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Lien EC, Lyssiotis CA, Cantley LC. Metabolic Reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway in Cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2017; 207:39-72. [PMID: 27557534 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42118-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in elucidating how metabolism is altered in cancer cells and how such dependencies can be targeted for therapeutic gain. At the core of this research is the concept that metabolic pathways are reprogrammed in cancer cells to divert nutrients toward anabolic processes to facilitate enhanced growth and proliferation. Importantly, physiological cellular signaling mechanisms normally tightly regulate the ability of cells to gain access to and utilize nutrients, posing a fundamental barrier to transformation. This barrier is often overcome by aberrations in cellular signaling that drive tumor pathogenesis by enabling cancer cells to make critical cellular decisions in a cell-autonomous manner. One of the most frequently altered pathways in human cancer is the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Here, we describe mechanisms by which this signaling network is responsible for controlling cellular metabolism. Through both the post-translational regulation and the induction of transcriptional programs, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway coordinates the uptake and utilization of multiple nutrients, including glucose, glutamine, nucleotides, and lipids, in a manner best suited for supporting the enhanced growth and proliferation of cancer cells. These regulatory mechanisms illustrate how metabolic changes in cancer are closely intertwined with oncogenic signaling pathways that drive tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, EC/CLS-628C, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Drive, Room 6308, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Drive, Room 6308, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, the Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, The Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, Floor 13 Room BB-1362, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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21
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Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Delvecchio K, Rillema JA, Shisheva A. Unexpected severe consequences of Pikfyve deletion by aP2- or Aq-promoter-driven Cre expression for glucose homeostasis and mammary gland development. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/11/e12812. [PMID: 27273882 PMCID: PMC4908490 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic deficiency of PIKfyve, the evolutionarily conserved phosphoinositide kinase synthesizing cellular PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 and implicated in insulin signaling, causes early embryonic death in mice. In contrast, mice with muscle‐specific Pikfyve disruption have normal lifespan but exhibit early‐age whole‐body glucose intolerance and muscle insulin resistance, thus establishing the key role of muscle PIKfyve in glucose homeostasis. Fat and muscle tissues control postprandial glucose clearance through different mechanisms, raising questions as to whether adipose Pikfyve disruption will also trigger whole‐body metabolic abnormalities, and if so, what the mechanism might be. To clarify these issues, here we have characterized two new mouse models with adipose tissue disruption of Pikfyve through Cre recombinase expression driven by adipose‐specific aP2‐ or adiponectin (Aq) promoters. Whereas both mouse lines were ostensibly normal until adulthood, their glucose homeostasis and systemic insulin sensitivity were severely dysregulated. These abnormalities stemmed in part from accelerated fat‐cell lipolysis and elevated serum FFA. Intriguingly, aP2‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl but not Aq‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl females had severely impaired pregnancy‐induced mammary gland differentiation and lactogenesis, consistent with aP2‐Cre‐mediated Pikfyve excision in nonadipogenic tissues underlying this defect. Intriguingly, whereas mammary glands from postpartum control and Aq‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl mice or ex vivo mammary gland explants showed profound upregulation of PIKfyve protein levels subsequent to prolactin receptor activation, such increases were not apparent in aP2‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl females. Collectively, our data identify for the first time that adipose tissue Pikfyve plays a key role in the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis and that the PIKfyve pathway is critical in mammary epithelial differentiation during pregnancy and lactogenesis downstream of prolactin receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Khortnal Delvecchio
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James A Rillema
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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22
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Hong NH, Qi A, Weaver AM. PI(3,5)P2 controls endosomal branched actin dynamics by regulating cortactin-actin interactions. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:753-69. [PMID: 26323691 PMCID: PMC4555817 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The late endosomal lipid PI(3,5)P2 binds to cortactin through the filamentous actin (F-actin) binding domain of cortactin, leading to removal of cortactin from endosomal actin networks and inhibition of cortactin-mediated branched actin nucleation and stabilization. Branched actin critically contributes to membrane trafficking by regulating membrane curvature, dynamics, fission, and transport. However, how actin dynamics are controlled at membranes is poorly understood. Here, we identify the branched actin regulator cortactin as a direct binding partner of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) and demonstrate that their interaction promotes turnover of late endosomal actin. In vitro biochemical studies indicated that cortactin binds PI(3,5)P2 via its actin filament-binding region. Furthermore, PI(3,5)P2 competed with actin filaments for binding to cortactin, thereby antagonizing cortactin activity. These findings suggest that PI(3,5)P2 formation on endosomes may remove cortactin from endosome-associated branched actin. Indeed, inhibition of PI(3,5)P2 production led to cortactin accumulation and actin stabilization on Rab7+ endosomes. Conversely, inhibition of Arp2/3 complex activity greatly reduced cortactin localization to late endosomes. Knockdown of cortactin reversed PI(3,5)P2-inhibitor–induced actin accumulation and stabilization on endosomes. These data suggest a model in which PI(3,5)P2 binding removes cortactin from late endosomal branched actin networks and thereby promotes net actin turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hyung Hong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Aidong Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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23
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Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Venkatareddy M, Tisdale E, Garg P, Shisheva A. Class III PI 3-kinase is the main source of PtdIns3P substrate and membrane recruitment signal for PIKfyve constitutive function in podocyte endomembrane homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1240-50. [PMID: 25619930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved PIKfyve, which synthesizes PtdIns5P from PtdIns, and PtdIns(3,5)P2 from PtdIns3P, requires PtdIns3P as both an enzyme substrate and a membrane recruitment signal. Whereas the PtdIns3P source is undetermined, class III PI3K (Vps34), the only evolutionarily conserved of the eight mammalian PI3Ks, is presumed as a main candidate. A hallmark of PIKfyve deficiency is formation of multiple translucent cytoplasmic vacuoles seen by light microscopy in cells cultured in complete media. Such an aberrant phenotype is often observed in cells from conditional Vps34 knockout (KO) mice. To clarify the mechanism of Vps34 KO-triggered vacuolation and the PtdIns3P source for PIKfyve functionality, here we have characterized a podocyte cell type derived from Vps34fl/fl mice, which, upon Cre-mediated gene KO, robustly formed cytoplasmic vacuoles resembling those in PikfyveKO MEFs. Vps34wt, expressed in Vps34KO podocytes restored the normal morphology, but only if the endogenous PIKfyve activity was intact. Conversely, expressed PIKfyvewt rescued completely the vacuolation only in PikfyveKO MEFs but not in Vps34KO podocytes. Analyses of phosphoinositide profiles by HPLC and localization patterns by a PtdIns3P biosensor revealed that Vps34 is the main supplier of localized PtdIns3P not only for PIKfyve activity but also for membrane recruitment. Concordantly, Vps34KO podocytes had severely reduced steady-state levels of both PtdIns(3,5)P2 and PtdIns5P, along with PtdIns3P. We further revealed a plausible physiologically-relevant Vps34-independent PtdIns3P supply for PIKfyve, operating through activated class I PI3Ks. Our data provide the first evidence that the vacuolation phenotype in Vps34KO podocytes is due to PIKfyve dysfunction and that Vps34 is a main PtdIns3P source for constitutive PIKfyve functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Ellen Tisdale
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Puneet Garg
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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24
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Shisheva A, Sbrissa D, Ikonomov O. Plentiful PtdIns5P from scanty PtdIns(3,5)P2 or from ample PtdIns? PIKfyve-dependent models: Evidence and speculation (response to: DOI 10.1002/bies.201300012). Bioessays 2014; 37:267-77. [PMID: 25404370 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have presented data supporting the notion that PIKfyve not only produces the majority of constitutive phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) in mammalian cells but that it does so through direct synthesis from PtdIns. Another group, albeit obtaining similar data, suggests an alternative pathway whereby the low-abundance PtdIns(3,5)P2 undergoes hydrolysis by unidentified 3-phosphatases, thereby serving as a precursor for most of PtdIns5P. Here, we review the experimental evidence supporting constitutive synthesis of PtdIns5P from PtdIns by PIKfyve. We further emphasize that the experiments presented in support of the alternative pathway are also compatible with a direct mechanism for PIKfyve-catalyzed synthesis of PtdIns5P. While agreeing with the authors that constitutive PtdIns5P could theoretically be produced from PtdIns(3,5)P2 by 3-dephosphorylation, we argue that until direct evidence for such an alternative pathway is obtained, we should adhere to the existing experimental evidence and quantitative considerations, which favor direct PIKfyve-catalyzed synthesis for most constitutive PtdIns5P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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25
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Activity-dependent PI(3,5)P2 synthesis controls AMPA receptor trafficking during synaptic depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4896-905. [PMID: 25355904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411117111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of phosphoinositide lipids (PIPs) is crucial for diverse cellular functions, and, in neurons, PIPs regulate membrane trafficking events that control synapse function. Neurons are particularly sensitive to the levels of the low abundant PIP, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2], because mutations in PI(3,5)P2-related genes are implicated in multiple neurological disorders, including epilepsy, severe neuropathy, and neurodegeneration. Despite the importance of PI(3,5)P2 for neural function, surprisingly little is known about this signaling lipid in neurons, or any cell type. Notably, the mammalian homolog of yeast vacuole segregation mutant (Vac14), a scaffold for the PI(3,5)P2 synthesis complex, is concentrated at excitatory synapses, suggesting a potential role for PI(3,5)P2 in controlling synapse function and/or plasticity. PI(3,5)P2 is generated from phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) by the lipid kinase PI3P 5-kinase (PIKfyve). Here, we present methods to measure and control PI(3,5)P2 synthesis in hippocampal neurons and show that changes in neural activity dynamically regulate the levels of multiple PIPs, with PI(3,5)P2 being among the most dynamic. The levels of PI(3,5)P2 in neurons increased during two distinct forms of synaptic depression, and inhibition of PIKfyve activity prevented or reversed induction of synaptic weakening. Moreover, altering neuronal PI(3,5)P2 levels was sufficient to regulate synaptic strength bidirectionally, with enhanced synaptic function accompanying loss of PI(3,5)P2 and reduced synaptic strength following increased PI(3,5)P2 levels. Finally, inhibiting PI(3,5)P2 synthesis alters endocytosis and recycling of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), implicating PI(3,5)P2 dynamics in AMPAR trafficking. Together, these data identify PI(3,5)P2-dependent signaling as a regulatory pathway that is critical for activity-dependent changes in synapse strength.
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26
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Thieleke-Matos C, da Silva ML, Cabrita-Santos L, Pires CF, Ramalho JS, Ikonomov O, Seixas E, Shisheva A, Seabra MC, Barral DC. Host PI(3,5)P2 activity is required for Plasmodium berghei growth during liver stage infection. Traffic 2014; 15:1066-82. [PMID: 24992508 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria parasites go through an obligatory liver stage before they infect erythrocytes and cause disease symptoms. In the host hepatocytes, the parasite is enclosed by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). Here, we dissected the interaction between the Plasmodium parasite and the host cell late endocytic pathway and show that parasite growth is dependent on the phosphoinositide 5-kinase (PIKfyve) that converts phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] into phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2 ] in the endosomal system. We found that inhibition of PIKfyve by either pharmacological or non-pharmacological means causes a delay in parasite growth. Moreover, we show that the PI(3,5)P2 effector protein TRPML1 that is involved in late endocytic membrane fusion, is present in vesicles closely contacting the PVM and is necessary for parasite growth. Thus, our studies suggest that the parasite PVM is able to fuse with host late endocytic vesicles in a PI(3,5)P2 -dependent manner, allowing the exchange of material between the host and the parasite, which is essential for successful infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Thieleke-Matos
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; IGC, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
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27
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Kim GH, Dayam RM, Prashar A, Terebiznik M, Botelho RJ. PIKfyve Inhibition Interferes with Phagosome and Endosome Maturation in Macrophages. Traffic 2014; 15:1143-63. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace H.E. Kim
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Program; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
| | - Roya M. Dayam
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Program; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
| | - Akriti Prashar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto at Scarborough; Toronto Ontario M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Mauricio Terebiznik
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto at Scarborough; Toronto Ontario M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Program; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
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28
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Cai X, Xu Y, Cheung AK, Tomlinson RC, Alcázar-Román A, Murphy L, Billich A, Zhang B, Feng Y, Klumpp M, Rondeau JM, Fazal AN, Wilson CJ, Myer V, Joberty G, Bouwmeester T, Labow MA, Finan PM, Porter JA, Ploegh HL, Baird D, De Camilli P, Tallarico JA, Huang Q. PIKfyve, a class III PI kinase, is the target of the small molecular IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor apilimod and a player in Toll-like receptor signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:912-21. [PMID: 23890009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a key component of innate immunity. Aberrant TLR activation leads to immune disorders via dysregulation of cytokine production, such as IL-12/IL-23. Herein, we identify and characterize PIKfyve, a lipid kinase, as a critical player in TLR signaling using apilimod as an affinity tool. Apilimod is a potent small molecular inhibitor of IL-12/IL-23 with an unknown target and has been evaluated in clinical trials for patients with Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Using a chemical genetic approach, we show that it binds to PIKfyve and blocks its phosphotransferase activity, leading to selective inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40. Pharmacological or genetic inactivation of PIKfyve is necessary and sufficient for suppression of IL-12/IL-23p40 expression. Thus, we have uncovered a phosphoinositide-mediated regulatory mechanism that controls TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Cai
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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29
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Fant X, Durieu E, Chicanne G, Payrastre B, Sbrissa D, Shisheva A, Limanton E, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP, Meijer L. cdc-like/dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases inhibitor leucettine L41 induces mTOR-dependent autophagy: implication for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:441-50. [PMID: 24366666 PMCID: PMC6067634 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucettines, a family of pharmacological inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases and cdc-like kinases (CLKs), are currently under investigation for their potential therapeutic application to Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. We here report that leucettine L41 triggers bona fide autophagy in osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells and immortalized mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, characterized by microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 membrane translocation and foci formation. Leucettine L41-triggered autophagy requires the Unc-51-like kinase and is sensitive to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and 3-methyladenine, suggesting that it acts through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/PI3K-dependent pathway. Leucettine L41 does not act by modifying the autophagic flux of vesicles. Leucettine L41-induced autophagy correlates best with inhibition of CLKs. Leucettine L41 modestly inhibited phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase, FYVE domain-containing activity as tested both in vitro and in vivo, which may also contribute to autophagy induction. Altogether these results demonstrate that leucettines can activate the autophagic mTOR/PI3K pathway, a characteristic that may turn advantageous in the context of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fant
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USR3151, "Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease," Station Biologique, Roscoff cedex, France (X.F., E.D.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Paul Sabatier Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, "Production et fonctions plaquettaires: signalisation et phosphoinositides" group, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse cedex, France (G.C., B.P.); Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (D.S., A.S.); Laboratoire Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique et Molécules pour le Vivant (ICMV), Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes cedex, France (E.L., F.C., J.-P.B.); and ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, Roscoff, Bretagne, France (L.M.)
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Viaud J, Boal F, Tronchère H, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B. Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate: A nuclear stress lipid and a tuner of membranes and cytoskeleton dynamics. Bioessays 2013; 36:260-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Viaud
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - Frédéric Boal
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | | | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
- CHU de Toulouse; Laboratoire d'Hématologie; Toulouse France
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Genetically encoded fluorescent probe to visualize intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate localization and dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:21165-70. [PMID: 24324172 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311864110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is a low-abundance phosphoinositide presumed to be localized to endosomes and lysosomes, where it recruits cytoplasmic peripheral proteins and regulates endolysosome-localized membrane channel activity. Cells lacking PI(3,5)P2 exhibit lysosomal trafficking defects, and human mutations in the PI(3,5)P2-metabolizing enzymes cause lysosome-related diseases. The spatial and temporal dynamics of PI(3,5)P2, however, remain unclear due to the lack of a reliable detection method. Of the seven known phosphoinositides, only PI(3,5)P2 binds, in the low nanomolar range, to a cytoplasmic phosphoinositide-interacting domain (ML1N) to activate late endosome and lysosome (LEL)-localized transient receptor potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channels. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a PI(3,5)P2-specific probe, generated by the fusion of fluorescence tags to the tandem repeats of ML1N. The probe was mainly localized to the membranes of Lamp1-positive compartments, and the localization pattern was dynamically altered by either mutations in the probe, or by genetically or pharmacologically manipulating the cellular levels of PI(3,5)P2. Through the use of time-lapse live-cell imaging, we found that the localization of the PI(3,5)P2 probe was regulated by serum withdrawal/addition, undergoing rapid changes immediately before membrane fusion of two LELs. Our development of a PI(3,5)P2-specific probe may facilitate studies of both intracellular signal transduction and membrane trafficking in the endosomes and lysosomes.
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) is an AMPK target participating in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Biochem J 2013; 455:195-206. [PMID: 23905686 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PIKfyve (FYVE domain-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase), the lipid kinase that phosphorylates PtdIns3P to PtdIns(3,5)P2, has been implicated in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We investigated whether PIKfyve could also be involved in contraction/AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Incubation of rat epitrochlearis muscles with YM201636, a selective PIKfyve inhibitor, reduced contraction- and AICAriboside (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside)-stimulated glucose uptake. Consistently, PIKfyve knockdown in C2C12 myotubes reduced AICAriboside-stimulated glucose transport. Furthermore, muscle contraction increased PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels and PIKfyve phosphorylation. AMPK phosphorylated PIKfyve at Ser307 both in vitro and in intact cells. Following subcellular fractionation, PIKfyve recovery in a crude intracellular membrane fraction was increased in contracting versus resting muscles. Also in opossum kidney cells, wild-type, but not S307A mutant, PIKfyve was recruited to endosomal vesicles in response to AMPK activation. We propose that PIKfyve activity is required for the stimulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake by contraction/AMPK activation. PIKfyve is a new AMPK substrate whose phosphorylation at Ser307 could promote PIKfyve translocation to endosomes for PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis to facilitate GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) translocation.
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McCartney AJ, Zhang Y, Weisman LS. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate: low abundance, high significance. Bioessays 2013; 36:52-64. [PMID: 24323921 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies of the low abundant signaling lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2 ), reveal an intriguingly diverse list of downstream pathways, the intertwined relationship between PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P, as well as links to neurodegenerative diseases. Derived from the structural lipid phosphatidylinositol, PI(3,5)P2 is dynamically generated on multiple cellular compartments where interactions with an increasing list of effectors regulate many cellular pathways. A complex of proteins that includes Fab1/PIKfyve, Vac14, and Fig4/Sac3 mediates the biosynthesis of PI(3,5)P2 , and mutations that disrupt complex function and/or formation cause profound consequences in cells. Surprisingly, mutations in this pathway are linked with neurological diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Future studies of PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P are likely to expand the roles of these lipids in regulation of cellular functions, as well as provide new approaches for treatment of some neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J McCartney
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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34
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PIKfyve regulates the endosomal localization of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to elicit TLR9-dependent cellular responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73894. [PMID: 24040108 PMCID: PMC3767827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR9 is a receptor for oligodeoxynucleotides that contain unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG). Because TLR9 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum during the quiescence state, CpG binding to TLR9 requires membrane trafficking, which includes the maturation of the CpG-containing endosome. In the present study, we examined the role of PIKfyve, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase, in the regulation of TLR9 signaling. The PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 inhibited co-localization of the CpG-containing endosome with LysoTracker, which stains acidic organelle, and with TLR9. YM201636 increased the co-localization of CpG with the early endosome marker EEA1 but decreased co-localization with the late endosome marker LAMP1. Similar results were obtained in Raw264.7 cells containing shRNA that targets PIKfyve. CpG-mediated phosphorylation but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated phosphorylation of IKK, p38 MAPK, JNK and Stat3 was severely impaired by the loss of PIKfyve function. CpG-mediated expression of cytokine mRNA was also decreased in the absence of PIKfyve. These findings demonstrate a novel role of PIKfyve in TLR9 signaling.
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35
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Shisheva A. PtdIns5P: news and views of its appearance, disappearance and deeds. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:171-80. [PMID: 23916588 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence indicates that PtdIns5P, one of the seven phosphoinositides, found now to be constitutively present in yeast, plants and metazoa, serves as a signaling molecule to modulate pleiotropic cellular functions in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The enzymatic routes in biogenesis of basal PtdIns5P have remained incompletely understood. The role for candidate kinase PIKfyve that is principally involved in PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, has been questioned. In this review article we scrutinize the past obstacles that prevented the definitive implication of PIKfyve in PtdIns5P biosynthesis from PtdIns and focus on the recent pharmacological and genetic advancements that now make this conclusion well supported. We further summarize our current knowledge of the diverse stimuli modulating PtdIns5P levels, binding partners and regulated cellular process, with particular reference to the available mechanistic insights for the relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by PIs, turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. PIs control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. PIs regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear phosphoinositides have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of phosphoinositide metabolism are responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to the most common ones such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Delvecchio K, Feng HZ, Cartee GD, Jin JP, Shisheva A. Muscle-specific Pikfyve gene disruption causes glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, adiposity, and hyperinsulinemia but not muscle fiber-type switching. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E119-31. [PMID: 23673157 PMCID: PMC3725567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved kinase PIKfyve that synthesizes PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P₂ has been implicated in insulin-regulated GLUT4 translocation/glucose entry in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To decipher PIKfyve's role in muscle and systemic glucose metabolism, here we have developed a novel mouse model with Pikfyve gene disruption in striated muscle (MPIfKO). These mice exhibited systemic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance at an early age but had unaltered muscle mass or proportion of slow/fast-twitch muscle fibers. Insulin stimulation of in vivo or ex vivo glucose uptake and GLUT4 surface translocation was severely blunted in skeletal muscle. These changes were associated with premature attenuation of Akt phosphorylation in response to in vivo insulin, as tested in young mice. Starting at 10-11 wk of age, MPIfKO mice progressively accumulated greater body weight and fat mass. Despite increased adiposity, serum free fatty acid and triglyceride levels were normal until adulthood. Together with the undetectable lipid accumulation in liver, these data suggest that lipotoxicity and muscle fiber switching do not contribute to muscle insulin resistance in MPIfKO mice. Furthermore, the 80% increase in total fat mass resulted from increased fat cell size rather than altered fat cell number. The observed profound hyperinsulinemia combined with the documented increases in constitutive Akt activation, in vivo glucose uptake, and gene expression of key enzymes for fatty acid biosynthesis in MPIfKO fat tissue suggest that the latter is being sensitized for de novo lipid anabolism. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence that PIKfyve is essential for systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin-regulated glucose uptake/GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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38
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Bak G, Lee EJ, Lee Y, Kato M, Segami S, Sze H, Maeshima M, Hwang JU, Lee Y. Rapid structural changes and acidification of guard cell vacuoles during stomatal closure require phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:2202-16. [PMID: 23757398 PMCID: PMC3723621 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid stomatal closure is essential for water conservation in plants and is thus critical for survival under water deficiency. To close stomata rapidly, guard cells reduce their volume by converting a large central vacuole into a highly convoluted structure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this change are poorly understood. In this study, we used pH-indicator dyes to demonstrate that vacuolar convolution is accompanied by acidification of the vacuole in fava bean (Vicia faba) guard cells during abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Vacuolar acidification is necessary for the rapid stomatal closure induced by ABA, since a double mutant of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase vha-a2 vha-a3 and vacuolar H(+)-PPase mutant vhp1 showed delayed stomatal closure. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the critical role of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] in changes in pH and morphology of the vacuole. Single and double Arabidopsis thaliana null mutants of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinases (PI3P5Ks) exhibited slow stomatal closure upon ABA treatment compared with the wild type. Moreover, an inhibitor of PI3P5K reduced vacuolar acidification and convolution and delayed stomatal closure in response to ABA. Taken together, these results suggest that rapid ABA-induced stomatal closure requires PtdIns(3,5)P2, which is essential for vacuolar acidification and convolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangbae Bak
- POSTECH-UZH Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- POSTECH-UZH Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Mariko Kato
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jae-Ung Hwang
- POSTECH-UZH Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Youngsook Lee
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Sbrissa D, Ikonomov OC, Filios C, Delvecchio K, Shisheva A. Functional dissociation between PIKfyve-synthesized PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 by means of the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C436-46. [PMID: 22621786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00105.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PIKfyve is an essential mammalian lipid kinase with pleiotropic cellular functions whose genetic knockout in mice leads to preimplantation lethality. Despite several reports for PIKfyve-catalyzed synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) along with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-biphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P(2)] in vitro and in vivo, the role of the PIKfyve pathway in intracellular PtdIns5P production remains underappreciated and the function of the PIKfyve-synthesized PtdIns5P pool poorly characterized. Hence, the recently discovered potent PIKfyve-selective inhibitor, the YM201636 compound, has been solely tested for inhibiting PtdIns(3,5)P(2) synthesis. Here, we have compared the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory potency of YM201636 toward PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P(2). Unexpectedly, we observed that at low doses (10-25 nM), YM201636 inhibited preferentially PtdIns5P rather than PtdIns(3,5)P(2) production in vitro, whereas at higher doses, the two products were similarly inhibited. In cellular contexts, YM201636 at 160 nM inhibited PtdIns5P synthesis twice more effectively compared with PtdIns(3,5)P(2) synthesis. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, human embryonic kidney 293 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-T) cells, levels of PtdIns5P dropped by 62-71% of the corresponding untreated controls, whereas those of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) fell by only 28-46%. The preferential inhibition of PtdIns5P versus PtdIns(3,5)P(2) at low doses of YM201636 was explored to probe contributions of the PIKfyve-catalyzed PtdIns5P pool to insulin-induced actin stress fiber disassembly in CHO-T cells, GLUT4 translocation in 3T3L1 adipocytes, and induction of aberrant cellular vacuolation in these or other cell types. The results provide the first experimental evidence that the principal pathway for PtdIns5P intracellular production is through PIKfyve and that insulin effect on actin stress fiber disassembly is mediated entirely by the PIKfyve-produced PtdIns5P pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Dukes JD, Whitley P, Chalmers AD. The PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 blocks the continuous recycling of the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and claudin-2 in MDCK cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28659. [PMID: 22396724 PMCID: PMC3291620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions mediate the intercellular diffusion barrier found in epithelial tissues but they are not static complexes; instead there is rapid movement of individual proteins within the junctions. In addition some tight junction proteins are continuously being endocytosed and recycled back to the plasma membrane. Understanding the dynamic behaviour of tight junctions is important as they are altered in a range of pathological conditions including cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. In this study we investigate the effect of treating epithelial cells with a small molecule inhibitor (YM201636) of the lipid kinase PIKfyve, a protein which is involved in endocytic trafficking. We show that MDCK cells treated with YM201636 accumulate the tight junction protein claudin-1 intracellularly. In contrast YM201636 did not alter the localization of other junction proteins including ZO-1, occludin and E-cadherin. A biochemical trafficking assay was used to show that YM201636 inhibited the endocytic recycling of claudin-1, providing an explanation for the intracellular accumulation. Claudin-2 was also found to constantly recycle in confluent MDCK cells and treatment with YM201636 blocked this recycling and caused accumulation of intracellular claudin-2. However, claudin-4 showed negligible endocytosis and no detectable intracellular accumulation occurred following treatment with YM201636, suggesting that not all claudins show the same rate of endocytic trafficking. Finally, we show that, consistent with the defects in claudin trafficking, incubation with YM201636 delayed formation of the epithelial permeability barrier. Therefore, YM201636 treatment blocks the continuous recycling of claudin-1/claudin-2 and delays epithelial barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Whitley
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PW); (ADC)
| | - Andrew D. Chalmers
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PW); (ADC)
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components of cellular membranes that play critical regulatory roles in several intracellular functions. This chapter describes the main enzymes regulating the turnover of each of the seven PIs in mammalian cells and introduces to some of their intracellular functions and to some evidences of their involvement in human diseases. Due to the complex interrelation between the distinct PIs and the plethora of functions that they can regulate inside a cell, this chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of PI signalling but rather an introduction to this complex signalling field. For more details of their regulation/functions and extensive description of their intracellular roles, more detailed reviews are suggested on each single topic.
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Abstract
PIKfyve, a phosphoinositide 5-kinase synthesizing PtdIns(3,5)P₂ and PtdIns5P in a cellular context, belongs to an evolutionarily ancient gene family of PtdIns(3,5)P₂-synthesizing enzymes that, except for plants, are products of a single-copy gene across species. In the dozen years after its discovery, enormous progress has been made in characterizing the numerous PIKfyve cellular functions and the regulatory mechanisms that govern these functions. It became clear that PIKfyve does not act alone but, rather, it engages the scaffolding regulator ArPIKfyve and the phosphatase Sac3 to make a multiprotein "PAS" complex, so called for the first letters of the protein names. This complex relays antagonistic signals, one for synthesis, another for turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P₂, whose dysregulated coordination is linked to several human diseases. The physiological significance for each protein in the PAS complex is underscored by the early lethality of the mouse models with disruption in any of the three genes. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge of the diverse and complex functionality of PIKfyve and PtdIns(3,5)P₂/PtdIns5P products with particular highlights on recent discoveries of inherited or somatic mutations in PIKfyve and Sac3 linked to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Vaccari I, Dina G, Tronchère H, Kaufman E, Chicanne G, Cerri F, Wrabetz L, Payrastre B, Quattrini A, Weisman LS, Meisler MH, Bolino A. Genetic interaction between MTMR2 and FIG4 phospholipid phosphatases involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002319. [PMID: 22028665 PMCID: PMC3197679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 4B1 neuropathy with myelin outfoldings is caused by loss of MTMR2 (Myotubularin-related 2) in humans, and we created a faithful mouse model of the disease. MTMR2 dephosphorylates both PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,5)P(2), thereby regulating membrane trafficking. However, the function of MTMR2 and the role of the MTMR2 phospholipid phosphatase activity in vivo in the nerve still remain to be assessed. Mutations in FIG4 are associated with CMT4J neuropathy characterized by both axonal and myelin damage in peripheral nerve. Loss of Fig4 function in the plt (pale tremor) mouse produces spongiform degeneration of the brain and peripheral neuropathy. Since FIG4 has a role in generation of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) and MTMR2 catalyzes its dephosphorylation, these two phosphatases might be expected to have opposite effects in the control of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) homeostasis and their mutations might have compensatory effects in vivo. To explore the role of the MTMR2 phospholipid phosphatase activity in vivo, we generated and characterized the Mtmr2/Fig4 double null mutant mice. Here we provide strong evidence that Mtmr2 and Fig4 functionally interact in both Schwann cells and neurons, and we reveal for the first time a role of Mtmr2 in neurons in vivo. Our results also suggest that imbalance of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) is at the basis of altered longitudinal myelin growth and of myelin outfolding formation. Reduction of Fig4 by null heterozygosity and downregulation of PIKfyve both rescue Mtmr2-null myelin outfoldings in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vaccari
- Human Inherited Neuropathies Unit, INSPE-Institute for Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dina
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE–Institute for Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- INSERM U1048 and Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emily Kaufman
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM U1048 and Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Federica Cerri
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE–Institute for Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM U1048 and Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE–Institute for Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lois S. Weisman
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Miriam H. Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Human Inherited Neuropathies Unit, INSPE-Institute for Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides play an important role in organelle identity by recruiting effector proteins to the host membrane organelle, thus decorating that organelle with molecular identity. Phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphos- phate [PtdIns(3,5)P(2) ] is a low-abundance phosphoinositide that predominates in endolysosomes in higher eukaryotes and in the yeast vacuole. Compared to other phosphoinositides such as PtdIns(4,5)P(2) , our understanding of the regulation and function of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) remained rudimentary until more recently. Here, we review many of the recent developments in PtdIns(3,5)P(2) function and regulation. PtdIns(3,5)P(2) is now known to espouse functions, not only in the regulation of endolysosome morphology, trafficking and acidification, but also in autophagy, signaling mediation in response to stresses and hormonal cues and control of membrane and ion transport. In fact, PtdIns(3,5)P(2) misregulation is now linked with several human neuropathologies including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Given the functional versatility of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) , it is not surprising that regulation of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) metabolism is proving rather elaborate. PtdIns(3,5)P(2) synthesis and turnover are tightly coupled via a protein complex that includes the Fab1/PIKfyve lipid kinase and its antagonistic Fig4/Sac3 lipid phosphatase. Most interestingly, many PtdIns(3,5)P(2) regulators play simultaneous roles in its synthesis and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Y Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dupuis-Coronas S, Lagarrigue F, Ramel D, Chicanne G, Saland E, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B, Tronchère H. The nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase oncogene interacts, activates, and uses the kinase PIKfyve to increase invasiveness. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32105-14. [PMID: 21737449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.227512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NPM-ALK is a chimeric tyrosine kinase detected in most anaplastic large cell lymphomas that results from the reciprocal translocation t(2,5)(p23;q35) that fuses the N-terminal domain of nucleophosmin (NPM) to the catalytic domain of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor. The constitutive activity of the kinase is responsible for its oncogenicity through the stimulation of several downstream signaling pathways, leading to cell proliferation, migration, and survival. We demonstrated previously that the high level of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate measured in NPM-ALK-expressing cells is controlled by the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve, a lipid kinase known for its role in vesicular trafficking. Here, we show that PIKfyve associates with NPM-ALK and that the interaction involves the 181-300 region of the oncogene. Moreover, we demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase activity of the oncogene controls PIKfyve lipid kinase activity but is dispensable for the formation of the complex. Silencing or inhibition of PIKfyve using siRNA or the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 have no effect on NPM-ALK-mediated proliferation and migration but strongly reduce invasive capacities of NPM-ALK-expressing cells and their capacity to degrade the extracellular matrix. Accordingly, immunofluorescence studies confirm a perturbation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 localization at the cell surface and defect in maturation. Altogether, these results suggest a role for PIKfyve in NPM-ALK-mediated invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dupuis-Coronas
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Regulation of PIKfyve phosphorylation by insulin and osmotic stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:650-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Inhibition of the PtdIns(5) kinase PIKfyve disrupts intracellular replication of Salmonella. EMBO J 2010; 29:1331-47. [PMID: 20300065 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3-PtdIns) orchestrate endocytic trafficking pathways exploited by intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella to gain entry into the cell. To infect the host, Salmonellae subvert its normal macropinocytic activity, manipulating the process to generate an intracellular replicative niche. Disruption of the PtdIns(5) kinase, PIKfyve, be it by interfering mutant, siRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological means, inhibits the intracellular replication of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in epithelial cells. Monitoring the dynamics of macropinocytosis by time-lapse 3D (4D) videomicroscopy revealed a new and essential role for PI(3,5)P(2) in macropinosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion, which is distinct from that of the small GTPase Rab7. This PI(3,5)P(2)-dependent step is required for the proper maturation of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) through the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) and for the engagement of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-encoded type 3 secretion system (SPI2-T3SS). Finally, although inhibition of PIKfyve in macrophages did inhibit Salmonella replication, it also appears to disrupt the macrophage's bactericidal response.
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Gehring EM, Lam RS, Siraskar G, Koutsouki E, Seebohm G, Ureche ON, Ureche L, Baltaev R, Tavare JM, Lang F. PIKfyve upregulates CFTR activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:952-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Ijuin T, Takenawa T, Shisheva A. Sac3 is an insulin-regulated phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate phosphatase: gain in insulin responsiveness through Sac3 down-regulation in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23961-71. [PMID: 19578118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.025361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-regulated stimulation of glucose entry and mobilization of fat/muscle-specific glucose transporter GLUT4 onto the cell surface require the phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P(2)) pathway for optimal performance. The reduced insulin responsiveness observed under ablation of the PtdIns(3,5)P(2)-synthesizing PIKfyve and its associated activator ArPIKfyve in 3T3L1 adipocytes suggests that dysfunction of the PtdIns(3,5)P(2)-specific phosphatase Sac3 may yield the opposite effect. Paradoxically, as uncovered recently, in addition to turnover Sac3 also supports PtdIns(3,5)P(2) biosynthesis by allowing optimal PIKfyve-ArPIKfyve association. These opposing inputs raise the key question as to whether reduced Sac3 protein levels and/or hydrolyzing activity will produce gain in insulin responsiveness. Here we report that small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous Sac3 by approximately 60%, which resulted in a slight but significant elevation of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) in 3T3L1 adipocytes, increased GLUT4 translocation and glucose entry in response to insulin. In contrast, ectopic expression of Sac3(WT), but not phosphatase-deficient Sac3(D488A), reduced GLUT4 surface abundance in the presence of insulin. Endogenous Sac3 physically assembled with PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in both membrane and soluble fractions of 3T3L1 adipocytes, but this remained insulin-insensitive. Importantly, acute insulin markedly reduced the in vitro C8-PtdIns(3,5)P(2) hydrolyzing activity of Sac3. The insulin-sensitive Sac3 pool likely controls a discrete PtdIns(3,5)P(2) subfraction as the high pressure liquid chromatography-measurable insulin-dependent elevation in total [(3)H]inositol-PtdIns(3,5)P(2) was minor. Together, our data identify Sac3 as an insulin-sensitive phosphatase whose down-regulation increases insulin responsiveness, thus implicating Sac3 as a novel drug target in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Braccini L, Ciraolo E, Morello F, Lu X, Hirsch E. PI3K signaling: a crossroads of metabolic regulation. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2009; 4:349-357. [PMID: 30781275 DOI: 10.1586/eem.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Insulin exerts a fundamental role in glucose metabolism. Several lines of evidence have established PI3Ks as crucial signaling crossroads of metabolic regulation. These kinases play a key role in glucose homeostasis through the generation of lipid secondary messengers upon membrane receptor activation, thus regulating liver gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. While class IA Pl3Kα historically appeared as the major PI3K isoform involved in insulin-mediated glucose metabolism, emerging evidence has demonstrated the contribution of other PI3K isoforms. In this review, we focus on the prototypical insulin receptor-PI3K pathway and on the effects of its impairment on metabolism, insulin sensitivity and the molecular pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braccini
- a Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisa Ciraolo
- b Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Morello
- c Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- d Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- e Professor, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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