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Bedini A, Boutin JA, Legros C, Zlotos DP, Spadoni G. Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12953. [PMID: 38682544 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1-selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2-selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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MESH Headings
- Ligands
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
- Melatonin/metabolism
- History, 20th Century
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC, Rouen, France
| | | | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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2
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Legros C, Yous S, Boutin JA. Alternative Ligands at Melatonin Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:151-162. [PMID: 36180688 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neurohormone that possesses a wide range of biological effects. Most of the main recognized effects of this hormone in mammals are due to its interaction with two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2. Ligand-binding studies have been based on the use of its radioligand analog, 2[125I]-iodomelatonin, a super agonist discovered in the early 1990s. This compound has been used in most of the binding studies reported in the literature. Nevertheless, more recently other possibilities arose. This chapter is a brief summary of those alternative radioligands and of their benefits one can find in using them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Pole d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- Eurofins Discovery, Celle l'Evescault, France
| | - Said Yous
- UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pole d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
- PHARMADEV (Pharmacochimie et biologie pour le développement), Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Gautier C, Theret I, Lizzo G, Ferry G, Guénin SP, Boutin JA. Why Are We Still Cloning Melatonin Receptors? A Commentary. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:267-281. [PMID: 36180698 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cloning may seem to be a view from the past. The time before software, computers and AI were invented. It seems to us worth discussing these points in view of our favorite target: the melatoninergic system. In a few stances, it might be important to point out that even in the new era of dry science, there is still a need to experiment and to prove at the bench that our in silico assertions are right. Most of the living animals express to some extend the melatonin receptors. Some of these animal genomes were completely or partially sequenced, and it is tempting to extract from this huge information the sequence(s) of our favorite genes (MLT receptors). Then, why bother cloning, as opposed to simply built the gene and express it in a host cell? Because the genetic boundaries of the expressed sequence(s) are not 100% sure. Because the melatonin receptor gene(s) comprise a first exon 25,000 base pair far from the second one and the limits between this Ex1 and In1-as between In1 and Ex2-are subject to changes that might have a huge impact on the biochemical properties of the receptor, once expressed. Because a receptor is a biochemical entity with characteristics that are important for the functioning of this particular pathway, and more generally, for the functioning of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gautier
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Theret
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Giulia Lizzo
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sophie-Pénélope Guénin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
- Pharma-Dev (Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement), Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Shabajee-Alibay P, Bonnaud A, Malpaux B, Delagrange P, Audinot V, Yous S, Boutin JA, Stephan JP, Leprince J, Legros C. A putative new melatonin binding site in sheep brain, MTx: preliminary observations and characteristics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 380:JPET-AR-2021-000785. [PMID: 34706966 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors are high affinity G protein-coupled receptors and are thought to be involved in the integration of the melatonin signaling throughout the brain and periphery. In the present study, we describe a new melatonin binding site, named MTx, with a peculiar pharmacological profile. This site had a low affinity for 2-[125I]-melatonin in saturation assays in hypothalamus and retina (pKD = 9.13 {plus minus} 0.05, Bmax = 1.12 {plus minus} 0.11 fmol/mg protein and pKD = 8.81 {plus minus} 0.50, Bmax = 7.65 {plus minus} 2.64 fmol/mg protein, respectively) and a very high affinity, in competition assays, for melatonin (pKi = 13.08 {plus minus} 0.18), and other endogenous compounds. Using autoradiography, we showed a preferential localization of the MTx in periventricular areas of the sheep brain, with a density 3 to 8 times higher than those observed for ovine MT1 In addition, using a set of well-characterized ligands, we showed that this site did not correspond to any of the following receptors: MT1, MT2, MT3 , D1, D2, noradrenergic, nor 5-HT2 Based on its affinity for melatonin, MTx did not seem to be implicated in the integration of cerebral melatonin concentration variations since they were saturating for MTx. Nevertheless, it remained of prime importance because of its periventricular distribution, in close contact with the CSF, and its peculiar pharmacological profile responding to both melatoninergic and serotoninergic compounds. Significance Statement Herein a putative new melatonin binding site is described in sheep brain parts in close contact with the 3rd ventricle. The characteristics of the pharmacological profile of this site is different from anything previously reported in the literature. The present work forms the basis of future full pharmacological characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Shabajee-Alibay
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM 1239, France
| | | | - Benoit Malpaux
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA Val de Loire, France
| | | | | | - Said Yous
- UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, France
| | | | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM 1239, France
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Lépinay J, Taragnat C, Dubois JP, Chesneau D, Jockers R, Delagrange P, Bozon V. Negative regulation of melatonin secretion by melatonin receptors in ovine pinealocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255249. [PMID: 34324562 PMCID: PMC8320996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a biological modulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms and reproduction. The photoperiodic information is detected by retinal photoreceptors and transmitted through nerve transmissions to the pineal gland, where MLT is synthesized and secreted at night into the blood. MLT interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2. The aim of our work was to provide evidence for the presence of MLT receptors in the ovine pineal gland and define their involvement on melatonin secretion. For the first time, we identified the expression of MLT receptors with the specific 2-[125I]-MLT agonistic radioligand in ovin pinealocytes. The values of Kd and Bmax are 2.24 ± 1.1 nM and 20 ± 6.8 fmol/mg. MLT receptors are functional and inhibit cAMP production and activate ERK1/2 through pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins. The MLT receptor antagonist/ inverse agonist luzindole increased cAMP production (189 ± 30%) and MLT secretion (866 ± 13%). The effect of luzindole on MLT secretion was additive with the effect of well-described activators of this pathway such as the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. Co-incubation of all three compounds increased MLT secretion by 1236 ± 199%. These results suggest that MLT receptors are involved in the negative regulation of the synthesis of its own ligand in pinealocytes. While adrenergic receptors promote MLT secretion, MLT receptors mitigate this effect to limit the quantity of MLT secreted by the pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lépinay
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Taragnat
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dubois
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Bozon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
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6
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Gautier C, Guenin SP, Riest-Fery I, Perry TJ, Legros C, Nosjean O, Simonneaux V, Grützner F, Boutin JA. Characterization of the Mel1c melatoninergic receptor in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529033 PMCID: PMC5846726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone produced in both animals and plants. It binds at least three G-protein-coupled receptors: MT1 and MT2, and Mel1cGPR. Mammalian GPR50 evolved from the reptilian/avian Mel1c and lost its capacity to bind melatonin in all the therian mammal species that have been tested. In order to determine if binding is lost in the oldest surviving mammalian lineage of monotremes we investigated whether the melatonin receptor has the ability to bind melatonin in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), and evaluated its pharmacological profile. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that platypus has in fact retained the ancestral Mel1c and has the capacity to bind melatonin similar to other mammalian melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), with an affinity in the 1 nM range. We also investigated the binding of a set of melatoninergic ligands used previously to characterize the molecular pharmacology of the melatonin receptors from sheep, rats, mice, and humans and found that the general profiles of these compounds make Mel1c resemble human MT1 more than MT2. This work shows that the loss of GPR50 binding evolved after the divergence of monotremes less than 190MYA in therian mammals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Platypus/genetics
- Platypus/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Melatonin/genetics
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gautier
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie-Penelope Guenin
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Riest-Fery
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Tahlia Jade Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Céline Legros
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valerie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Grützner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
- * E-mail:
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7
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Legros C, Brasseur C, Delagrange P, Ducrot P, Nosjean O, Boutin JA. Alternative Radioligands for Investigating the Molecular Pharmacology of Melatonin Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:681-92. [PMID: 26759496 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts a variety of physiologic activities that are mainly relayed through the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 Low expressions of these receptors in tissues have led to widespread experimental use of the agonist 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin as a substitute for melatonin. We describe three iodinated ligands: 2-(2-[(2-iodo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethoxy phenyl) (DIV880) and (2-iodo-N-2-[5-methoxy-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-3-yl])acetamide (S70254), which are specific ligands at MT2 receptors, and N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]iodoacetamide (SD6), an analog of 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin with slightly different characteristics. Here, we further characterized these new ligands with regards to their molecular pharmacology. We performed binding experiments, saturation assays, association/dissociation rate measurements, and autoradiography using sheep and rat tissues and recombinant cell lines. Our results showed that [(125)I]-S70254 is receptor, and can be used with both cells and tissue. This radioligand can be used in autoradiography. Similarly, DIV880, a partial agonist [43% of melatonin on guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding assay], selective for MT2, can be used as a tool to selectively describe the pharmacology of this receptor in tissue samples. The molecular pharmacology of both human melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, using a series of 24 ligands at these receptors and the new radioligands, did not lead to noticeable variations in the profiles. For the first time, we described radiolabeled tools that are specific for one of the melatonin receptors (MT2). These tools are amenable to binding experiments and to autoradiography using sheep or rat tissues. These specific tools will permit better understanding of the role and implication in physiopathologic processes of the melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Chantal Brasseur
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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8
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Liu J, Clough SJ, Hutchinson AJ, Adamah-Biassi EB, Popovska-Gorevski M, Dubocovich ML. MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: A Therapeutic Perspective. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:361-83. [PMID: 26514204 PMCID: PMC5091650 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, or 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, is synthesized and released by the pineal gland and locally in the retina following a circadian rhythm, with low levels during the day and elevated levels at night. Melatonin activates two high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors, termed MT1 and MT2, to exert beneficial actions in sleep and circadian abnormality, mood disorders, learning and memory, neuroprotection, drug abuse, and cancer. Progress in understanding the role of melatonin receptors in the modulation of sleep and circadian rhythms has led to the discovery of a novel class of melatonin agonists for treating insomnia, circadian rhythms, mood disorders, and cancer. This review describes the pharmacological properties of a slow-release melatonin preparation (i.e., Circadin®) and synthetic ligands (i.e., agomelatine, ramelteon, tasimelteon), with emphasis on identifying specific therapeutic effects mediated through MT1 and MT2 receptor activation. Discovery of selective ligands targeting the MT1 or the MT2 melatonin receptors may promote the development of novel and more efficacious therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; , , , , ,
| | - Shannon J Clough
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; , , , , ,
| | - Anthony J Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; , , , , ,
| | - Ekue B Adamah-Biassi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; , , , , ,
| | - Marina Popovska-Gorevski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; , , , , ,
| | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; , , , , ,
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9
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Boutin JA. Quinone reductase 2 as a promising target of melatonin therapeutic actions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:303-17. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Pole d’Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, 125, chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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10
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Jablonska K, Pula B, Zemla A, Kobierzycki C, Kedzia W, Nowak-Markwitz E, Spaczynski M, Zabel M, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Expression of the MT1 melatonin receptor in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23074-89. [PMID: 25514412 PMCID: PMC4284755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death among women with genital tract disorders. Melatonin exhibits oncostatic properties which it may effect through binding to its membrane receptor, MT1. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MT1 in OC cells and to correlate this with clinical and pathological data. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 84 cases of OC. Normal ovarian epithelial (IOSE 364) and OC (SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3) cell lines were used to examine the MT1 expression at protein level using the western blot and immunofluorescence technique. The expression of MT1 was observed as cytoplasmic-membrane (MT1CM) and membrane (MT1M) reactions. A positive correlation between MT1CM and MT1M was found in all the studied cases. There were no significant differences between the expression of MT1CM, MT1M, and histological type, staging, grading, presence of residual disease, or overall survival time. Immunofluorescence showed both MT1M and MT1CM expression in all the tested cell lines. Western blot illustrated the highest protein level of MT1 in IOSE 364 and the lowest in the OVCAR-3. The results indicate the limited prognostic significance of MT1 in OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jablonska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Pula
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | - Agata Zemla
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | | | - Witold Kedzia
- Department of Gynecology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-535, Poland.
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-535, Poland.
| | - Marek Spaczynski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-535, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
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11
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Tosini G, Owino S, Guillaume JL, Jockers R. Understanding melatonin receptor pharmacology: latest insights from mouse models, and their relevance to human disease. Bioessays 2014; 36:778-87. [PMID: 24903552 PMCID: PMC4151498 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, the neuro-hormone synthesized during the night, has recently seen an unexpected extension of its functional implications toward type 2 diabetes development, visual functions, sleep disturbances, and depression. Transgenic mouse models were instrumental for the establishment of the link between melatonin and these major human diseases. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated by two types of G protein-coupled receptors, named MT1 and MT2 , which are expressed in many different organs and tissues. Understanding the pharmacology and function of mouse MT1 and MT2 receptors, including MT1 /MT2 heteromers, will be of crucial importance to evaluate the relevance of these mouse models for future therapeutic developments. This review will critically discuss these aspects, and give some perspectives including the generation of new mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Logez C, Berger S, Legros C, Banères JL, Cohen W, Delagrange P, Nosjean O, Boutin JA, Ferry G, Simonin F, Wagner R. Recombinant human melatonin receptor MT1 isolated in mixed detergents shows pharmacology similar to that in mammalian cell membranes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100616. [PMID: 24959712 PMCID: PMC4069108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human melatonin MT1 receptor—belonging to the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)—plays a key role in circadian rhythm regulation and is notably involved in sleep disorders and depression. Structural and functional information at the molecular level are highly desired for fine characterization of this receptor; however, adequate techniques for isolating soluble MT1 material suitable for biochemical and biophysical studies remain lacking. Here we describe the evaluation of a panel of constructs and host systems for the production of recombinant human MT1 receptors, and the screening of different conditions for their solubilization and purification. Our findings resulted in the establishment of an original strategy using a mixture of Fos14 and CHAPS detergents to extract and purify a recombinant human MT1 from Pichia pastoris membranes. This procedure enabled the recovery of relatively pure, monomeric and ligand-binding active MT1 receptor in the near-milligram range. A comparative study based on extensive ligand-binding characterization highlighted a very close correlation between the pharmacological profiles of MT1 purified from yeast and the same receptor present in mammalian cell membranes. The high quality of the purified MT1 was further confirmed by its ability to activate its cognate Gαi protein partner when reconstituted in lipid discs, thus opening novel paths to investigate this receptor by biochemical and biophysical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Logez
- CNRS UMR7242/Laboratoire d'excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Recherche de l'ESBS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Berger
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Céline Legros
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- CNRS UMR 5247, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - William Cohen
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Biotechnologie, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- CNRS UMR7242/Laboratoire d'excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Recherche de l'ESBS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Renaud Wagner
- CNRS UMR7242/Laboratoire d'excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Recherche de l'ESBS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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13
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Legros C, Chesneau D, Boutin JA, Barc C, Malpaux B. Melatonin from cerebrospinal fluid but not from blood reaches sheep cerebral tissues under physiological conditions. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:151-63. [PMID: 24460899 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland secretes melatonin (MLT) that circulates in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We provide data to support the hypothesis that, in sheep and possibly in humans, only the CSF MLT, and not the blood MLT, can provide most of MLT to the cerebral tissue in high concentrations, particularly in the periventricular area. The MLT content of sheep brain, our chosen animal model, was found in significant concentration gradients oriented from the ventricle (close to the CSF) to the cerebral tissue, with concentrations varying by a factor of 1-125. The highest concentrations were observed close to the ventricle wall, whereas the lowest concentrations were furthest from the ventricles (407.0 ± 71.5 pg/ml compared to 84.7 ± 5.2 pg/ml around the third ventricle). This concentration gradient was measured in brain tissue collected at mid-day and at the end of the night. Nocturnal concentrations were higher than daytime concentrations, reflecting the diurnal variation in the pineal gland. The concentration gradient was not detected when MLT was delivered to the brain via the bloodstream. The diffusion of MLT to cerebral tissues via CSF was supported by in vivo scintigraphy and autoradiography. 2-[(123)I]-MLT infused into the CSF quickly and efficiently diffused into the brain tissues, whereas [(123)I]-iodine (control) was mostly washed away by the CSF flow and [(123)I]-bovine serum albumin remained mostly in the CSF. Taken together, these data support a critical role of CSF in providing the brain with MLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Legros
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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14
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Legros C, Devavry S, Caignard S, Tessier C, Delagrange P, Ouvry C, Boutin JA, Nosjean O. Melatonin MT₁ and MT₂ receptors display different molecular pharmacologies only in the G-protein coupled state. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:186-201. [PMID: 24117008 PMCID: PMC3874706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Melatonin receptors have been extensively characterized regarding their affinity and pharmacology, mostly using 2-[(125)I]-melatonin as a radioligand. Although [(3)H]-melatonin has the advantage of corresponding to the endogenous ligand of the receptor, its binding has not been well described. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We characterized [(3)H]-melatonin binding to the hMT₁ and hMT₂ receptors expressed in a range of cell lines and obtained new insights into the molecular pharmacology of melatonin receptors. KEY RESULTS The binding of [(3)H]-melatonin to the hMT₁ and hMT₂ receptors displayed two sites on the saturation curves. These two binding sites were observed on cell membranes expressing recombinant receptors from various species as well as on whole cells. Furthermore, our GTPγS/NaCl results suggest that these sites on the saturation curves correspond to the G-protein coupled and uncoupled states of the receptors, whose pharmacology was extensively characterized. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS hMT₁ and hMT₂ receptors spontaneously exist in two states when expressed in cell lines; these states can be probed by [(3)H]-melatonin binding. Overall, our results suggest that physiological regulation of the melatonin receptors may result from complex and subtle mechanisms, a small difference in affinity between the active and inactive states of the receptor, and spontaneous coupling to G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Séverine Devavry
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsNouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR6175Nouzilly, France
| | - Sarah Caignard
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Clémence Tessier
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Unité de Recherches en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Christine Ouvry
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Biotechnologies, Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy-sur-Seine, France
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15
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Legros C, Matthey U, Grelak T, Pedragona-Moreau S, Hassler W, Yous S, Thomas E, Suzenet F, Folleas B, Lefoulon F, Berthelot P, Caignard DH, Guillaumet G, Delagrange P, Brayer JL, Nosjean O, Boutin JA. New radioligands for describing the molecular pharmacology of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8948-62. [PMID: 23698757 PMCID: PMC3676766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors have been studied for several decades. The low expression of the receptors in tissues led the scientific community to find a substitute for the natural hormone melatonin, the agonist 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin. Using the agonist, several hundreds of studies were conducted, including the discovery of agonists and antagonists for the receptors and minute details about their molecular behavior. Recently, we attempted to expand the panel of radioligands available for studying the melatonin receptors by using the newly discovered compounds SD6, DIV880, and S70254. These compounds were characterized for their affinities to the hMT1 and hMT2 recombinant receptors and their functionality in the classical GTPS system. SD6 is a full agonist, equilibrated between the receptor isoforms, whereas S70254 and DIV880 are only partial MT2 agonists, with Ki in the low nanomolar range while they have no affinity to MT1 receptors. These new tools will hopefully allow for additions to the current body of information on the native localization of the receptor isoforms in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- BPMC, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (C.L.); (O.N.)
| | - Ulrich Matthey
- Celerion Switzerland AG Allmendstrasse 32, Fehraltorf CH-8320, Switzerland; E-Mails: (U.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Teresa Grelak
- Celerion Switzerland AG Allmendstrasse 32, Fehraltorf CH-8320, Switzerland; E-Mails: (U.M.); (T.G.)
| | | | - Werner Hassler
- ANAWA Trading SA, Unterdorfstrasse 21, Wangen CH-8602, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Saïd Yous
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France & UDSL, EA GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, Lille F-59000, France; E-Mail: (S.Y.); (P.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- DIVERCHIM, 6 Rue du Noyer, Roissy 95700, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (B.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, rue de Chartres, Orléans 45067, France; E-Mails: (F.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Benoît Folleas
- DIVERCHIM, 6 Rue du Noyer, Roissy 95700, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (B.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - François Lefoulon
- Technologie SERVIER, 27 rue Vignat, Orléans 45000, France; E-Mails: (S.P.-M.); (F.L.)
| | - Pascal Berthelot
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France & UDSL, EA GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, Lille F-59000, France; E-Mail: (S.Y.); (P.B.)
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (D.-H.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans, rue de Chartres, Orléans 45067, France; E-Mails: (F.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (D.-H.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Louis Brayer
- DIVERCHIM, 6 Rue du Noyer, Roissy 95700, France; E-Mails: (E.T.); (B.F.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- BPMC, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (C.L.); (O.N.)
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- BPMC, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125 chemin de Ronde, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France; E-Mails: (C.L.); (O.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-0155-722-748; Fax: +33-0155-722-810
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16
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Devavry S, Legros C, Brasseur C, Delagrange P, Spadoni G, Cohen W, Malpaux B, Boutin JA, Nosjean O. Description of the constitutive activity of cloned human melatonin receptors hMT(1) and hMT(2) and discovery of inverse agonists. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:29-37. [PMID: 22017484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin receptors have been described to activate different G protein-dependent signaling pathways, both in laboratory, heterologous, cellular models and in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the constitutive activity of G protein-coupled receptors has been shown to be key in physiological and pathological conditions. In the case of melatonin receptors, information is rather scare and concerns only MT1 receptors. In the present report, we show that the G protein-coupled melatonin receptors do have a constitutive, nonmelatonin-induced signaling activity using two cellular models of different origins, the Chinese hamster ovary cell line and Neuro2A, a neuroblastoma cell line. Furthermore, we show that this constitutive activity involves mainly Gi proteins, which is consistent with the common knowledge on the melatonin receptors. Importantly, we also describe, for the first time, inverse agonist properties for melatonin ligands. Although it is clear than more in-depth, biochemistry-based studies will be required to better understand by which pathway(s) the constitutively active melatonin receptors transfer melatonin information into intracellular biochemical events; our data open interesting perspectives for understanding the importance of the constitutive activity of melatonin receptors in physiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Humans
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Devavry
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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17
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Devavry S, Legros C, Brasseur C, Cohen W, Guenin SP, Delagrange P, Malpaux B, Ouvry C, Cogé F, Nosjean O, Boutin JA. Molecular pharmacology of the mouse melatonin receptors MT₁ and MT₂. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:15-21. [PMID: 22202844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main melatonin receptors are two G-protein coupled receptors named MT(1) and MT(2). Having described the molecular pharmacology of the human versions of these receptors, we turned to two of the three species most useful in studying melatonin physiology: rat and sheep (a diurnal species used to understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and depression). We also employed previously used compounds to describe the mouse melatonin receptors; despite the early cloning of mouse receptors, few molecular pharmacology studies on these receptors exist. To our surprise, we detected no major differences between the data obtained from mice and those from other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Devavry
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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18
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Trecherel E, Batailler M, Chesneau D, Delagrange P, Malpaux B, Chemineau P, Migaud M. Functional characterization of polymorphic variants for ovine MT1 melatonin receptors: possible implication for seasonal reproduction in sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:328-34. [PMID: 21075566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In seasonal breeding species, the gene encoding for the melatonin MT(1) receptor (oMT(1)) is highly polymorphic and numerous data have reported the existence of an association between an allele of the receptor and a marked expression of the seasonality of reproduction in ewes. This allele called "m" (previously named "-" allele) carries a mutation leading to the absence of a MnlI restriction site as opposed to the "M" allele (previously named "+" allele) carrying the MnlI restriction site (previously "+" allele). This allows the determination of the three genotypes "M/M" (+/+), "M/m" (+/-) and "m/m" (-/-). This mutation is conservative and could therefore not be causal. However, it is associated with another mutation introducing the change of a valine to an isoleucine in the fifth transmembrane domain of the receptor. Homozygous "M/M" and "m/m" animals consequently express structurally different receptors respectively named oMT(1) Val(220) and oMT(1) Ile(220). The objective of this study was to test whether these polymorphic variants are functionally different. To achieve this goal, we characterized the binding properties and the transduction pathways associated with both variants of the receptors. Using a pharmacological approach, no variation in binding parameters between the two receptors when transiently expressed in COS-7. In stably transfected HEK293 cells, significant differences were detected in the inhibition of cAMP production whereas receptors internalization processes were not different. In conclusion, the possibility that subtle alterations induced by the non conservative mutation in "m/m" animals might modify the perception of the melatoninergic signal is discussed in the context of melatonin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Trecherel
- INRA, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre de Tours, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
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19
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Ferry G, Hecht S, Berger S, Moulharat N, Coge F, Guillaumet G, Leclerc V, Yous S, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. Old and new inhibitors of quinone reductase 2. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:103-9. [PMID: 20399199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinone reductase 2 is a cytosolic enzyme which catalyses the reduction of quinones, such as menadione and coenzymes Q. Despite a relatively close sequence-based resemblance to NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (QR1), it has many different features. QR2 is the third melatonin binding site (MT3). It is inhibited in the micromolar range by melatonin, and does not accept conventional phosphorylated nicotinamides as hydride donors. QR2 has a powerful capacity to activate quinones leading to unexpected toxicity situations. In the present paper, we report the characterization of three QR2 modulators: melatonin, resveratrol and S29434. The latter compound inhibits QR2 activity with an IC(50) in the low nanomolar range. The potency of the modulators ranged as follows, from the least to the most potent: melatonin<resveratrol<S29434. These molecular tools might permit to explore and better understand the relationship existing between QR2 catalytic activity and the various pathological situations in which QR2 has a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ferry
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
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20
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Vincent L, Cohen W, Delagrange P, Boutin JA, Nosjean O. Molecular and cellular pharmacological properties of 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine (MCA-NAT): a nonspecific MT3 ligand. J Pineal Res 2010; 48:222-229. [PMID: 20210850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
5-Methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine (MCA-NAT) has been initially described as a ligand at non MT(1), non MT(2) melatonin binding site (MT3) selective versus MT(1) and MT(2), two membrane melatonin receptors. MCA-NAT activity has been reported by others in different models, in vivo, particularly in the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) models in rabbits and monkeys. Its activity was systematically linked to either MT3 or to a new, yet unknown, melatonin receptor. In this article, the melatonin receptor pharmacology of MCA-NAT is described. MCA-NAT has micromolar range affinities at the melatonin receptors MT(1) and MT(2), while in functional studies, MCA-NAT proved to be a powerful MT(1)/MT(2) partial agonist in the sub-micromolar range. These data strongly suggest that MCA-NAT actions might be mediated by these receptors in vivo. Finally, as described by others, we show that MCA-NAT is unable to elicit any type of receptor-like functional responses from Chinese hamster ovary cells over-expressing quinone reductase 2, the MT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Vincent
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - William Cohen
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Département des Sciences Expérimentales, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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21
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Cogé F, Guenin SP, Fery I, Migaud M, Devavry S, Slugocki C, Legros C, Ouvry C, Cohen W, Renault N, Nosjean O, Malpaux B, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. The end of a myth: cloning and characterization of the ovine melatonin MT(2) receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1248-62. [PMID: 19814723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For many years, it was suspected that sheep expressed only one melatonin receptor (closely resembling MT(1) from other mammal species). Here we report the cloning of another melatonin receptor, MT(2), from sheep. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using a thermo-resistant reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction primer set homologous to the bovine MT(2) mRNA sequence, we have cloned and characterized MT(2) receptors from sheep retina. KEY RESULTS The ovine MT(2) receptor presents 96%, 72% and 67% identity with cattle, human and rat respectively. This MT(2) receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells showed high-affinity 2[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding (K(D)= 0.04 nM). The rank order of inhibition of 2[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding by melatonin, 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin and luzindole was similar to that exhibited by MT(2) receptors of other species (melatonin > 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin > luzindole). However, its pharmacological profile was closer to that of rat, rather than human MT(2) receptors. Functionally, the ovine MT(2) receptors were coupled to G(i) proteins leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, as the other melatonin receptors. In sheep brain, MT(2) mRNA was expressed in pars tuberalis, choroid plexus and retina, and moderately in mammillary bodies. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that in sheep pars tuberalis, premammillary hypothalamus and mammillary bodies, the temporal pattern of expression of MT(1) and MT(2) mRNA was not parallel in the three tissues. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Co-expression of MT(1) and MT(2) receptors in all analysed sheep brain tissues suggests that MT(2) receptors may participate in melatonin regulation of seasonal anovulatory activity in ewes by modulating MT(1) receptor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cogé
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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22
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Rivara S, Vacondio F, Fioni A, Silva C, Carmi C, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Caronno A, Scaglione F, Gobbi G, Spadoni G, Bedini A, Orlando P, Lucarini S, Tarzia G. N-(Anilinoethyl)amides: Design and Synthesis of Metabolically Stable, Selective Melatonin Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1746-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ferry G, Ubeaud C, Lambert PH, Bertin S, Cogé F, Chomarat P, Delagrange P, Serkiz B, Bouchet JP, Truscott R, Boutin J. Molecular evidence that melatonin is enzymatically oxidized in a different manner than tryptophan: investigations with both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and myeloperoxidase. Biochem J 2009; 388:205-15. [PMID: 15636586 PMCID: PMC1186709 DOI: 10.1042/bj20042075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The catabolism of melatonin, whether naturally occurring or ingested, takes place via two pathways: approximately 70% can be accounted for by conjugation (sulpho- and glucurono-conjugation), and approximately 30% by oxidation. It is commonly thought that the interferon-induced enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.42), which oxidizes tryptophan, is also responsible for the oxidation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and its derivative, melatonin. Using the recombinant enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli, we show in the present work that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase indeed cleaves tryptophan; however, under the same conditions, it is incapable of cleaving the two other indoleamines. By contrast, myeloperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) is capable of cleaving the indole moiety of melatonin. However, when using the peroxidase conditions of assay -- with H2O2 as co-substrate -- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is able to cleave melatonin into its main metabolite, a kynurenine derivative. The present work establishes that the oxidative metabolism of melatonin is due, in the presence of H2O2, to the activities of both myeloperoxidase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (with lower potency), since both enzymes have Km values for melatonin in the micromolar range. Under these conditions, several indolic compounds can be cleaved by both enzymes, such as tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Furthermore, melatonin metabolism results in a kynurenine derivative, the pharmacological action of which remains to be studied, and could amplify the mechanisms of action of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ferry
- *Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 125, chemin de Ronde 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Caroline Ubeaud
- *Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 125, chemin de Ronde 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Lambert
- †Physico-chimie analytique, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 11, rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Sophie Bertin
- †Physico-chimie analytique, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 11, rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Francis Cogé
- *Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 125, chemin de Ronde 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pascale Chomarat
- *Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 125, chemin de Ronde 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- *Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 125, chemin de Ronde 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Serkiz
- †Physico-chimie analytique, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 11, rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bouchet
- †Physico-chimie analytique, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 11, rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Roger J. W. Truscott
- ‡Australian Cataract Research Foundation and Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- *Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER 125, chemin de Ronde 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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24
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Mazna P, Grycova L, Balik A, Zemkova H, Friedlova E, Obsilova V, Obsil T, Teisinger J. The role of proline residues in the structure and function of human MT2 melatonin receptor. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:361-72. [PMID: 18544139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin functions as an essential regulator of various physiological processes in all vertebrate species. In mammals, two G protein-coupled melatonin receptors (GPCR) mediate some melatonin's actions: MT1 and MT2. Transmembrane domains (TM) of most GPCRs contain a set of highly conserved proline residues that presumably play important structural and functional roles. As TM segments of MT2 receptor display several interesting differences in expression of specific proline residues compared to other rhodopsin-like receptors (rGPCRs), we investigated the role of proline residues in the structure and function of this receptor. All prolines in TM segments of MT2 receptor were individually replaced with alanine and/or glycine. In addition, the unusual NAxxY motif located in TM7 was mutated to generate highly conserved NPxxY motif found in the majority of rGPCR proteins. Following transient expression in CHO-K1 cells, binding properties of the mutant receptors and their ability to transduce signals were analyzed using (125)I-mel- and [(35)S]GTPgammaS-binding assays, respectively. The impact of the performed mutations on the receptor structure was assessed by molecular dynamic simulations of MT2 receptors embedded in the fully hydrated phospholipid bilayer. Our results indicate that residues P174, P212 and P266 are important for the ligand binding and/or signaling of the human MT2 receptor. We also show that changes within the unusual NAxxY sequence in the TM7 (mutations A305P and A305V) produce defective MT2 receptors indicating an important role of this motif in the function of melatonin receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computer Simulation
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Proline/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Sulfur Radioisotopes
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Mazna
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Boutin JA, Marcheteau E, Hennig P, Moulharat N, Berger S, Delagrange P, Bouchet JP, Ferry G. MT3/QR2 melatonin binding site does not use melatonin as a substrate or a co-substrate. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:524-31. [PMID: 18826489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quinone reductase 2 (QR2, E.C. 1.10.99.2) is implicated in cell reactive oxygen species production. The catalytic activity of this enzyme is inhibited by 1 microM of melatonin. QR2 was identified as the third melatonin binding site (MT3). It is of major importance to understand the exact roles of melatonin and QR2 in oxidative stress. A fascinating possibility that melatonin could serve as a co-substrate or substrate of QR2 was hypothesized recently. In the current investigation, nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the QR2 catalytic reaction were performed, the results led us to conclude that, whatever the conditions, melatonin is not cleaved off to form N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine by a catalytically active QR2, very strongly indicating that melatonin is neither a substrate nor a co-substrate of this enzyme. Further studies are needed in order to better understand the relationship between MT3/QR2, melatonin and redox status of the cells, in order to better explain the anti-oxidant activities of melatonin at pharmacological concentrations (>1 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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26
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Audinot V, Bonnaud A, Grandcolas L, Rodriguez M, Nagel N, Galizzi JP, Balik A, Messager S, Hazlerigg DG, Barrett P, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of rat melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:2007-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pévet
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Département de Neurobiologie des Rythmes (UMR 7168/LC2 CNRS et Université Louis Pasteur), IFR des Neurosciences de Strasbourg, 5, rue Blaise-Pascal, 67080 Strasbourg, France
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28
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Mailliet F, Ferry G, Vella F, Berger S, Cogé F, Chomarat P, Mallet C, Guénin SP, Guillaumet G, Viaud-Massuard MC, Yous S, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. Characterization of the melatoninergic MT3 binding site on the NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 enzyme. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 71:74-88. [PMID: 16293234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin acts through a series of molecular targets: the G-protein coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2, and a third binding site, MT3, recently identified as the enzyme NRH:quinone oxydoreductase 2 (QR2). The relationship between the multiple physiological functions of melatonin and this enzyme remains unclear. Because of the relationship of QR2 with the redox status of cells, these studies could bring the first tools for a molecular rationale of the antioxidant effects of melatonin. In the present paper, we used a QR2-stably expressing cell line and hamster kidneys to compare the 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin and 2-[125I]-iodo-5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine binding data, and to characterize the MT3 binding site. We designed and tested compounds from two distinct chemicals series in a displacement assay of the two MT3 ligands, 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin and 2-[125I]-iodo-5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine from their cloned target. We also tested their ability to inhibit QR2 catalytic activity. These compounds were separated into two classes: those that bind within the catalytic site (and being inhibitors) and those that bind outside it (and therefore not being inhibitors). Compounds range from potent ligands (K(i) = 1 nM) to potent inhibitors (14 nM), and include one compound [NMDPEF: N-[2-(2-methoxy-6H-dipyrido[2,3-a:3,2-e]pyrrolizin-11-yl)ethyl]-2-furamide] active on both parameters in the low nanomolar range. To dissect the physio-pathological pathways in which QR2, MT3 and melatonin meet, one needs more compounds binding to MT3 and/or inhibitors of QR2 enzymatic activity. The compounds described in the present paper are new tools for such a task.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mailliet
- Division de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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29
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Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P. Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2005; 26:412-9. [PMID: 15992934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine neurohormone that is synthesized mainly in the pineal gland and derived from 5-HT, has many effects on a wide range of physio-pathological functions. Some of these effects are mediated by the interactions of melatonin with the two melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Other effects are often suggested to be due to the chemical antioxidant nature of this indoleamine, and are observed at high, non-physiological concentrations. However, it is increasingly believed that some of these effects are due to interactions with other protein targets. In this review, we summarize the molecular pharmacology of melatonin, including the main enzymes involved in its synthesis and catabolism, and the proteins that mediate its actions. Furthermore, various compounds, mainly inhibitors and antagonists, that can be used to dissect these functions and pathways are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, chemin de Ronde 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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30
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Ferry G, Ubeaud C, Dauly C, Mozo J, Guillard S, Berger S, Jimenez S, Scoul C, Leclerc G, Yous S, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. Purification of the recombinant human serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87): further characterization of and comparison with AANAT from other species. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 38:84-98. [PMID: 15477086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized by a series of enzymes, the penultimate one, serotonin N-acetyltransferase, catalyzing the limiting reaction. In the present study, we compared the recombinant serotonin N-acetyltransferases from rat, ovine, and human. The human protein is particularly difficult to purify because it interacts strongly with a putative chaperone protein from bacteria whereas the rat and sheep enzymes, which interact less strongly with this protein, have been purified close to homogeneity. We identified the contaminating protein as GroEL, the bacterial equivalent of Hsp60. We present numerous catalytic activities (substrate and cosubstrate specificities as well as inhibitor specificities) measured on the three species enzymes from which we deduced that the presence of the chaperone might partly explain the differences between the various species enzyme characteristics, beside the inter-species ones resulting from sequence differences. Despite several trials reported in the literature, a purification to homogeneity of the human (recombinant) enzyme has never been described. We present a new purification method, by using an original denaturation/renaturation process in which the enzyme is immobilized on an affinity chromatography column. The enzyme is then eluted in an active and pure form (i.e., absence of chaperone). The up-scaled system permitted us to perform the necessary experiments for the measurement of more accurate affinities of human serotonin N-acetyltransferase towards its main natural substrates, showing that only the activity of the enzyme towards phenylethylamine was modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ferry
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125, chemin de Ronde 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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31
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Boutin JA, Chatelain-Egger F, Vella F, Delagrange P, Ferry G. Quinone reductase 2 substrate specificity and inhibition pharmacology. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 151:213-28. [PMID: 15733542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinone reductase 2 is a mammalian cytosolic FAD-dependent enzyme, the activity of which is not supported by conventional nicotinamide nucleotides. An endobiotic substrate has never been reported for this enzyme nor a set of molecular tools, such as inhibitors. In the present work, we used the recombinant human enzyme, expressed in CHO cells for the systematic screening of both co-substrates and substrates. The co-substrates survey showed that the natural occurring compound, N-ribosylnicotinamide, was a poor co-substrate. The synthetic N-benzylnicotinamide is a better one compared to any other compounds tested. We found that tetrahydrofolic acid acted as a co-substrate for the reduction of menadione catalysed by quinone reductase 2, although with poor potency (Km approximately 2 mM). Among a series of commercially available quinones, a single one was found to be substrate of quinone reductase 2, in the presence of N-benzyldihydronicotinamide: coenzyme Q0. Finally, we tested a series of 197 flavonoids as potential inhibitors. We found apigenin, genistein or kaempferol as good inhibitor of quinone reductase 2 activity with IC50 in the 100 nM range. These compounds, co-substrate, substrate and inhibitors will permit to better know this enzyme, the role of which is still poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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32
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Mailliet F, Ferry G, Vella F, Thiam K, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. Organs from mice deleted for NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 are deprived of the melatonin binding site MT3. FEBS Lett 2005; 578:116-20. [PMID: 15581627 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) have been cloned. A third melatonin binding site, MT3, is known with remarkable and distinct pharmacological properties. We previously reported the purification of MT3 and identified it as the enzyme dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone reductase 2 (NQO2). To investigate the relationship between NQO2 and MT3, we generated a NQO2-/- mouse strain. These mice no longer present MT3 binding sites as measured with 2-[125I]-iodo, 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine, the specific MT3 radioligand. These data establish NQO2 as part of the MT3 binding sites in vivo and resolve the matter of the nature of the third melatonin binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mailliet
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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33
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Carrillo-Vico A, Lardone PJ, Fernández-Santos JM, Martín-Lacave I, Calvo JR, Karasek M, Guerrero JM. Human lymphocyte-synthesized melatonin is involved in the regulation of the interleukin-2/interleukin-2 receptor system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:992-1000. [PMID: 15562014 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since melatonin was first isolated in 1958 up to the last few years, this substance was considered a hormone exclusive to the pineal gland. Although melatonin has lately been identified in a large number of extrapineal sites, its potential biological actions have not yet been studied. This paper shows that human lymphocyte-synthesized melatonin plays a crucial role modulating IL-2/IL-2 receptor system because when blocking melatonin biosynthesis by the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, parachlorophenylalanine, both IL-2 and IL-2 receptor levels fell, restoring them by adding exogenous melatonin. Moreover, we demonstrated that this endogenous melatonin interfered with the exogenous melatonin effect on IL-2 production. Melatonin exerted these effects by a receptor-mediated action mechanism because both IL-2 and IL-2 receptor expressions significantly decreased when lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of the specific membrane and/or nuclear melatonin receptor antagonists, luzindole, and/or CGP 55644, respectively. Finally, we made the real significance of the membrane melatonin receptors in this process clear, so prostaglandin E(2)-induced inhibition on IL-2 production increased when we blocked the membrane receptors using luzindole. In conclusion, these data show that endogenous melatonin is an essential part for an accurate response of human lymphocytes through the modulation of IL-2/IL-2 receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Migaud M, Daveau A, Malpaux B. MTNR1A melatonin receptors in the ovine premammillary hypothalamus: day-night variation in the expression of the transcripts. Biol Reprod 2004; 72:393-8. [PMID: 15470001 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin regulation of reproductive functions in sheep is mediated by action in the premammillary hypothalamus (PMH). The aim of this study was to identify the high-affinity melatonin-receptor subtypes expressed in this structure. To achieve this, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and developed in situ hybridization techniques (ISH). By using RT-PCR, we detected a band corresponding to the MTNR1A melatonin-receptor cDNA in the PMH as well as in the pars tuberalis (PT). On the opposite, MTNR1B melatonin-receptor transcripts were not detected using degenerate primers in any of the structures considered, confirming the lack of expression of this receptor subtype in sheep. The expression of MTNR1A mRNA was further confirmed in the PMH by ISH with a 35S-labeled ovine MTNR1A riboprobe. We next investigated the variation in the expression of MTNR1A mRNA between the end of the day and the end of the night (absence and presence of melatonin, respectively). MTNR1A transcript expression was greater at the end of the night than at the end of the day in the PMH. In contrast, MTNR1A mRNA expression was lower at the end of the night than at the end of the day in the PT. No significant variation in the MTNR1A mRNA expression was observed in a more dorsal hypothalamic area. Overall, these results show that MTNR1A transcripts are expressed in the ovine PMH and that their expression follows a diurnal rhythm, which is different from the pattern of expression observed in the PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Migaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Li JY, Zhang WH, Zhou Y, Yang J, Qin YM. Protective effect of melatonin on liver ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:880-885. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i4.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of melatonin (Mel) on liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
METHODS: 150 male Wistar rats (190-210 g, 6-7weeks age) were divided into three groups at random: Mel exposure group, alcohol solvent control group and saline control group. The left branches of portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct were blocked up for 60 min and then opened to establish liver I/R I models in rats. In each group, samples were collected in 0.5, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion respectively. 20 mg/kg of Mel was injected peritoneally in rats 30 min before experimentation in Mel exposure group. The duplicate concentration of alcohol and the same volume of saline were injected in control group as a substitution. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by auto biochemical analyzer, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and terminal productions of lipid peroxidationin (MDA) in liver tissue were measured. Pathological changes in liver and immunohistochemical straining of ICAM-1 were determined with optical microscope.
RESULTS: The level of ALT measured in various time after reperfusion in Mel group was totally significantly lower than that in alcohol and saline control groups (P < 0.05). The level of MDA measured in 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after reperfusion in Mel group was significantly lower than that in alcohol and saline control groups (P < 0.05). The level of SOD measured in 12, 24 h after reperfusion in Mel group was significantly higher than that in alcohol and saline control groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of ICAM-1 (%) measured in various time after reperfusion in Mel group was significantly lower than that in alcohol and saline control groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Exotic Mel inhibits the activities of ALT, increases activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreases the cumulation of MDA in liver reperfusion tissue and expression of ICAM-1 in liver reperfusion tissue. Therefore, it can improve the hepatic function after reperfusion and plays a definitely protective role in liver I/R.
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