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Kajbaf K, Overturf K, Kumar V. Integrated alternative approaches to select feed-efficient rainbow trout families to enhance the plant protein utilization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3869. [PMID: 38365996 PMCID: PMC10873365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving feed utilization efficiency is a challenge in aquaculture. Therefore, we developed an indirect benchmark to use in selecting trout for improved efficiency of feed utilization on plant protein (soy)-based diets, with the long-term goal of reducing the cost of commercial trout production. We used a four-part integrative approach to identify feed efficient individuals among 1595 fish coming from 12 genetically selected families by establishing the phenotypic relationship between feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight variations using compensatory feeding regimes. Additionally, we examined the nutritional composition of fish filet for each efficiency phenotype during the compensatory regimen. Our findings showed that the fish with the lowest weight loss during a feed deprivation period and the highest weight gain during the refeeding period (FD-/RF +) demonstrated the lowest FCR (FCR = 0.99) and consisted of individuals from several lines. This finding confirms the possibility of improving feed efficiency in mixed lines. Although feeding period has an effect on nutritional composition of fillet, such selection criteria did not show an effect on groups. Overall, successful selection for the improvement of feed efficiency will have a broad application to commercial fish selective breeding programs, leading to increased aquaculture sustainability in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kajbaf
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA
| | - Ken Overturf
- ARS-USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059-F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, 83332, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA.
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2
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ELbialy ZI, Atef E, Al-Hawary II, Salah AS, Aboshosha AA, Abualreesh MH, Assar DH. Myostatin-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle damage post-acute Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1-17. [PMID: 36622623 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the relationship between myostatin (MyoS), myogenin (MyoG), and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis for muscle growth and histopathological changes in muscle after an Aeromonas hydrophila infection. A total number of 90 Nile tilapia (55.85 g) were randomly allocated into two equal groups of three replicates each. The first group was an uninfected control group that was injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 0.2 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS), while the second group was injected ip with 0.2 ml (1.3 × 108 CFU/ml) Aeromonas hydrophila culture suspension. Sections of white muscle and liver tissues were taken from each group 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after infection for molecular analysis and histopathological examination. The results revealed that with time progression, the severity of muscle lesions increased from edema between bundles and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration 24 h post-challenge to severe atrophy of muscle bundles with irregular and curved fibers with hyalinosis of the fibers 1 week postinfection. The molecular analysis showed that bacterial infection was able to induce the muscle expression levels of GH with reduced ILGF-1, MyoS, and MyoG at 24 h postinfection. However, time progression postinfection reversed these findings through elevated muscle expression levels of MyoS with regressed expression levels of muscle GH, ILGF-1, and MyoG. There have been no previous reports on the molecular expression analysis of the aforementioned genes and muscle histopathological changes in Nile tilapia following acute Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Our findings, collectively, revealed that the up-and down-regulation of the myostatin signaling is likely to be involved in the postinfection-induced muscle wasting through the negative regulation of genes involved in muscle growth, such as GH, ILGF-1, and myogenin, in response to acute Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizy I ELbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Eman Atef
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim I Al-Hawary
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Ali A Aboshosha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Muyassar H Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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Chen X, Xu Y, Cui X, Zhang S, Zhong X, Ke J, Wu Y, Liu Z, Wei C, Ding Z, Xu J, Cheng H. Starvation Affects the Muscular Morphology, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes, and Transcriptomic Profile of Javelin Goby ( Synechogobius hasta). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:7057571. [PMID: 36860464 PMCID: PMC9973160 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7057571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fish in natural and cultivated environments can be challenged by starvation. However, inducing starvation in a controlled manner cannot only reduce feed consumption but also reduces aquatic eutrophication and even improves farmed fish quality. This study investigated the effects of starvation on the muscular function, morphology, and regulatory signaling in javelin goby (Synechogobius hasta) by evaluating the biochemical, histological, antioxidant, and transcriptional changes in the musculature of S. hasta subjected to 3, 7, and 14 days fasting. The muscle glycogen and triglyceride levels in S. hasta were gradually reduced under starvation, reaching their lowest at the end of the trial (P < 0.05). The levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated after 3-7 days of starvation (P < 0.05), but later returned to the level of the control group. The muscle of starved S. hasta developed structural abnormalities in some areas after 7 days of food deprivation, and more vacuolation and more atrophic myofibers were observed in 14-day fasted fish. The transcript levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (scd1), the key gene involved in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, were markedly lower in the groups starved for 7 or more days (P < 0.05). However, the relative expressions of genes associated with lipolysis were decreased in the fasting experiment (P < 0.05). Similar declines in the transcriptional response to starvation were found in muscle fatp1 and ppar γ abundance (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the de novo transcriptome of muscle tissue from the control, 3-day and 14-day starved S. hasta generated 79,255 unigenes. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by pairwise comparisons among three groups were 3276, 7354, and 542, respectively. The enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily involved in metabolism-related pathways, including ribosome, TCA pathway, and pyruvate metabolism. Moreover, the qRT-PCR results of 12 DEGs validated the expression trends observed in the RNA-seq data. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the specific phenotypical and molecular responses of muscular function and morphology in starved S. hasta, which may offer preliminary reference data for optimizing operational strategies incorporating fasting/refeeding cycles in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yili Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangyu Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Siying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangqi Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Juntao Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Chaoqing Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Coding and Noncoding Genes Involved in Atrophy and Compensatory Muscle Growth in Nile Tilapia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162504. [PMID: 36010581 PMCID: PMC9406742 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5009 and 478 differentially expressed (differential) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.
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Elbialy ZI, Gamal S, Al-Hawary II, Shukry M, Salah AS, Aboshosha AA, Assar DH. Exploring the impacts of different fasting and refeeding regimes on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): growth performance, histopathological study, and expression levels of some muscle growth-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:973-989. [PMID: 35781858 PMCID: PMC9385825 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated how different fasting and refeeding regimes would impact Nile tilapia growth performance, histopathological examination, and gene expression of myostatin, myogenin, GH, IGF-1, and NPYa. Nile tilapia fish (n = 120) were randomly allocated into four groups, including the control group fed on a basal diet for 6 weeks (F6), group A starved for 1 week and then refed for 5 weeks (S1F5), group B starved for 2 weeks and then refed for 4 weeks (S2F4), while group C starved for 4 weeks and then refed for 2 weeks (S4F2). Fasting provoked a decrease in body weight coincided with more extended starvation periods. Also, it induced muscle and liver histological alterations; the severity was correlated with the length of fasting periods. Gene expression levels of GH, MSTN, MYOG, and NPYa were significantly increased, while IGF1 was markedly depressed in fasted fish compared to the control group. Interestingly, refeeding after well-planned short fasting period (S1F5) modulated the histopathological alterations. To some extent, these changes were restored after refeeding. Restored IGF-I and opposing fasting expression profiles of the genes mentioned above thus recovered weights almost like the control group and achieved satisfactory growth compensation. Conversely, refeeding following more extended fasting periods failed to restore body weight. In conclusion, refeeding after fasting can induce a compensatory response. Still, the restoration capacity is dependent on the length of fasting and refeeding periods through exhibiting differential morphological structure and expressions pattern for muscle and growth-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizy I. Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Shrouk Gamal
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim I. Al-Hawary
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Abdallah S. Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Ali A. Aboshosha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
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Song F, Ye H, Shi L, Ouyang D, Sun J, Luo J. Characterization and functional analysis of myostatin and myogenin genes involved in temperature variation and starvation stress in Golden pompano, Trachinotus blochii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111183. [PMID: 35247591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Animal growth and development is a complicated process and is regulated by multi-genes. Myostatin (Mstn) and myogenin (Myog) are a pair of negative and positive regulators respectively, which play an important role in the generation of muscle cells. In order to study the function of these two genes in muscle growth of Trachinotus blochii, full lengths of two mstn genes (mstn-1 and mstn-2) and myog gene were cloned using RACE. We first identified and characterized the complete cDNA sequences of mstn-1, mstn-2, and myog genes derived from T. blochii, an economically important mariculture species in China. Multiple sequence alignment of amino acids and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Mstn and Myog were highly conserved to the other Perciformes. In addition, gene duplication of mstn in T. blochii was observed. mstn-1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the muscle and gonad, while mstn-2 and myog transcripts were detectable mainly in the brain and muscle, respectively. Moreover, the nutritional status and temperature influenced abundance levels in brain and muscle. Results suggested that mstn and myog genes play an important role in muscle growth of T. blochii, mstn may not be limited to control of muscle growth in fish and could also be involved in other biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hengzhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dongdong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junlong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Yan X, Li Z, Dong X, Tan B, Pan S, Li T, Long S, Huang W, Suo X, Yang Y. Degradation of Muscle Quality in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatu) Due to Oxidative Damage Caused by Ingestion of Oxidized Fish Oil. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840535. [PMID: 35242800 PMCID: PMC8886721 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of fresh fish oil (FFO) and oxidized fish oil (OFO) diets on the muscle quality of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu). Hybrid grouper were fed with diets containing 9% FFO or OFO for 60 days. Muscle sample were collected at 0, 30, and 60 days and the selected indexes of muscle were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in grouper muscle accumulated gradually with prolonged ingestion time, especially OFO group. Total saturated fatty acids (ΣSAFA) was significantly reduced and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) was significantly increased of muscle in FFO group; meanwhile, the muscle ΣSAFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA) contents in the OFO group were significantly higher than those in the FFO group and the ΣPUFA (especially C22:5n3, C22:6n3) contents was significantly lower than that in the FFO group at 60 days. Consumption of OFO diet for 60 days reduced the diversity of volatile compounds, significantly reduced the content of total esters and increased the content of total aldehydes and total aromatics in grouper muscle. Furthermore, ingestion of OFO diet significantly reduced the mRNA expression of fraction growth factors and antioxidant genes in the muscle of grouper. In conclusion, the increasing MDA content in FO and the oxidative rancidity of PUFA can cause the deterioration of grouper quality and flavor due to oxidative muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Dong
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuisheng Long
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhao F, Zhou Z, Zhao F, Wang J, Liu T, Yang X, Zhang X, Li Z. Stress responses of the intestinal digestion, antioxidant status, microbiota and non-specific immunity in Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) under starvation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:411-420. [PMID: 34915148 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Songpu mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio L., is a new variety of common carp that has become an economically important freshwater fish in China. However, it remains unknown how its metabolism is regulated under starvation. Here, we investigated how intestinal digestion, antioxidant status, microbiota and immune activities were affected under starvation stress. The feeding regimes were designed as follows: ST0 comprised fish allowed to feed continuously; ST1 comprised fish starved for 1 week; ST2 comprised fish starved for 2 weeks; ST3 comprised fish starved for 3 weeks; ST4 comprised fish starved for 4 weeks. Our results showed a significant decrease in the level of intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities in the group ST4 (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased during short-term starvation. The gene expression levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were elevated in the groups ST3 and ST4. We also detected the reduction in the expression levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β2) compared with those of the group ST0. Notably, the gut microbial composition was dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of the dominant microbial phyla changed significantly under starvation stress. Taken together, our results suggest that starvation can induce the change of intestinal digestion, non-specific immunity and microbiota in Songpu mirror carp, and provide new insights into its habitat selection and adaptation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Zhao
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jinle Wang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhengyou Li
- Institute of Fisheries, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Special Aquatic Products Engineering Technology Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Churova MV, Shulgina NS, Krupnova MY, Efremov DA, Nemova NN. Activity of Energy and Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in the Juvenile Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) during the Transition from Freshwater to a Marine Environment. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235902104004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biochemical adaptations of energy metabolism and some pathways of glucose oxidation during a change in salinity of the environment in larvae and smolts of the pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) inhabiting the White Sea were studied. We assayed the activity of energy and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase (COХ), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 1-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (1-GPDH), and aldolase) in pink salmon larvae in a short-term aquarium experiment and in pink salmon smolts in a long-term cage experiment simulating the transition of juveniles from freshwater to a marine environment. A decrease in the activity of COX, LDH, 1‑GPDH, and aldolase already in the first hour after the transfer of larvae to seawater was shown. Smolts kept in the estuary and in the sea had low levels of activity of 1-GPDH and aldolase in comparison with individuals from the river. Most likely, in the salmon juveniles studied, there was a redistribution of carbohydrates between the reactions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in favor of anaerobic ATP synthesis. No changes in the enzyme activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, G-6-PDH, were found in either larvae or smolts compared with the individuals kept in freshwater. Maintenance of the required levels of anaerobic metabolism and of the pentose phosphate pathway is probably one of the mechanisms of biochemical adaptation of pink salmon to changes in salinity.
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Wang J, Jiang H, Alhamoud Y, Chen Y, Zhuang J, Liu T, Cai L, Shen W, Wu X, Zheng W, Feng F. Integrated metabolomic and gene expression analyses to study the effects of glycerol monolaurate on flesh quality in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Food Chem 2021; 367:130749. [PMID: 34375886 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To improve the quality of cultured large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), this study was performed to study the impacts of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the nutritional value, growth performance, muscle texture, and taste intensity of L. crocea. The results showed that GML as a feed additive significantly increased the crude lipid content and reduced the diameters of muscle fibers, which in turn markedly altered the flesh texture in terms of cohesiveness. Moreover, the taste indicators (umami and richness) and flavor-related amino acid (glutamic acid, glycine, and proline) contents of L. crocea muscle were significantly higher in the GML group. Metabolomic and gene expression analyses showed that GML supplementation could significantly improve amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, promote protein and lipid synthesis, and activate myogenic-related signaling pathways of L. crocea. Consequently, adding an appropriate amount of GML to fish feed would be conducive to providing healthy, nutrient-rich and acceptably flavored aquatic-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiqi Jiang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasmin Alhamoud
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiachen Zhuang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luyun Cai
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde 352103, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wu XY, Lai JS, Chen YY, Liu Y, Song MJ, Li FY, Shi QC, Gong Q. Characterization of MRF genes and their tissue distributions and analysis of the effects of starvation and refeeding on the expression of these genes in Acipenser dabryanus muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110648. [PMID: 34271194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to clone the sequences of myogenic regulatory factors in Acipenser dabryanus and explore the changes in their expression during starvation and refeeding in A. dabryanus muscle. One hundred twenty fish (60.532 ± 0.284 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (fasted for 0, 3, 7 or 14 d and then refed for 14 d). Our predictions showed that the coding sequences of myod1, myf5, myog and myf6 in A. dabryanus encoded 275, 248, 248 and 243 amino acids, respectively, and the expression of the four genes was the highest in muscle. During fasting, the expression of myod1 in muscle was significantly decreased in the 14 d group. The expressions of myf5 and myf6 were increased significantly at first and then decreased with prolonged starvation time. The expression of myog in the 14 d group was significantly decreased compared with other groups (P < 0.05). During refeeding, the highest values of myod1 and myf6 expression were found in the 3 d group (P < 0.05).The expressions of myf5 and myog in 0 d and 3 d group were significantly higher than those in 7 d and 14 d group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) play important roles in muscle growth and development in A. dabryanus. The inhibition of long-term starvation (14 d) on the expression of myogenic regulatory factors is probably one of the reasons why it can not achieve full compensation for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Wu
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Lai
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Ye-Yu Chen
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Song
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Fei-Yang Li
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Qing-Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 64100, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Fishery Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China.
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The Effect of Continuous Light on Growth and Muscle-Specific Gene Expression in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) Yearlings. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040328. [PMID: 33920077 PMCID: PMC8070488 DOI: 10.3390/life11040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod is associated to phenotypic plasticity of somatic growth in several teleost species, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently unknown. The effect of a continuous lighting (LD 24:0), compared with the usual hatchery lighting (HL) regime, on the growth rate and gene expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs: MyoD1 paralogs, Myf5, and MyoG) myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and MSTN paralogs in the white muscles of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon yearlings was evaluated over a 6-month period (May–October). The levels of gene expression were determined using real-time PCR. Continuous lighting was shown to have a positive effect on weight gain. MyHC, MyoD1c, MyoD1b, and MSTN1a/b mRNA expression was influenced by the light regime applied. In all the studied groups, a significant positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of MRFs and MSTN paralogs throughout the experiment. The study demonstrated seasonal patterns regarding the simultaneous expression of several MRFs. MyoD1a, MyoG, and MyHC mRNA expression levels were elevated in the mid-October, but MyoD1b/c, and Myf5 mRNA levels decreased by the end of this month. In general, the findings showed that constant lighting affected the regulatory mechanisms of muscle growth processes in salmon.
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Kantserova NP, Churova MV, Lysenko LA, Tushina ED, Rodin MA, Krupnova MY, Sukhovskaya IV. Effect of Hyperthermia on Proteases and Growth Regulators in the Skeletal Muscle of Cultivated Rainbow Trout O. mykiss. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alami-Durante H, Cluzeaud M, Bazin D, Vachot C, Kaushik S. Variable impacts of L-arginine or L-NAME during early life on molecular and cellular markers of muscle growth mechanisms in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Churova MV, Lysenko LA, Kantserova NP, Sukhovskaya IV, Rodin MA, Krupnova MY, Nemova NN. Activity of Metabolic Enzymes in Farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb. Affected by Bacterial Septicemia: The Effect of Food Additives. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2020; 489:178-180. [PMID: 32130586 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496619060048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of food additive including antioxidant dihydroquercetin and polysaccharide arabinogalactan on the activity of metabolic enzymes in muscles and liver of artificially grown rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss affected by bacterial infection was investigated. The results of the study indicated an increase in the resistance of trout to the action of bacterial infection with the enrichment of the diet with the studied bioactive components, apparently mediated, among other factors, by the activation of metabolic pathways of synthesis of energy and reducing equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Churova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - L A Lysenko
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N P Kantserova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - I V Sukhovskaya
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - M A Rodin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Krupnova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N N Nemova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Liu X, Shi H, He Q, Lin F, Wang Q, Xiao S, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhao H. Effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:182-193. [PMID: 31790749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes can lead to food deprivation among aquatic animals. The main objective of this present research was to assess the effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). A total of 120 fish with an average weight of 74.16 ± 12.08 g were randomly divided into two groups (control group and fasted-refed group). The control group was fed until satiation for 60 days, while the fasted-refed group was fasted for 30 days and then fed to satiation for 30 days. The results showed that starvation led to a significantly decreased growth performance parameters [weight gain rate (WGR) and specific weight gain rate (SGR), while the feeding rate (FR) ] increased during the refeeding, non-specific immunity was significantly improved (p < 0.05) during the first 15 days of starvation, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), lysozyme (LYM) and catalase (CAT). However, non-specific immunity decreased at 30 days of starvation, the expression of genes related to immunity, such as TNF-α, was upregulated (p < 0.05) during starvation, while the expression levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ was reduced (p < 0.05). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β peaked during refeeding. Starvation led to significantly decreased abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora, with a higher abundance of Vibrio and a lower abundance of Brevibacillus, Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella in the fasted-refed group during refeeding than in the control group. The above results reveal that starvation stimulates changes in growth, non-specific immunity, and the gut microbiota, providing new insights for the study of fish habitat selection and adaptability to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Herong Shi
- Guangdong Marine Fishery Experiment Center, Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Qi He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuantang Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanfa Zhang
- Huizhou Haiyan Aquaculture Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Churova MV, Shulgina N, Kuritsyn A, Krupnova MY, Nemova NN. Muscle-specific gene expression and metabolic enzyme activities in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fry reared under different photoperiod regimes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 239:110330. [PMID: 31465878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterise the muscle-specific gene expression, energy metabolism level and growth rates of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. reared under different photoperiod regimes. The effects of two photoperiod regimes - LD 16:8 (16 h light:8 h dark) and LD 24:0 (24 h light:0 h dark) over a period of 3 months (August to October) on growth, energy metabolism enzyme activities (cytochrome c oxidase, COX; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; and aldolase) and the gene expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs - MyoD1 paralogues (MyoD1a, MyoD1b, MyoD1c), Myf5, MyoG), myostatin paralogues (MSTN-1a, MSTN-1b, MSTN-2a) and the fast skeletal myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in the muscles of Atlantic salmon underyearling fry (0+) were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a fish hatchery with natural variations in water temperature. The results were compared with those obtained in salmon reared under the lighting conditions of a fish hatchery (HL, hatchery lighting). The results revealed that the fry reared under constant light (LD 24:0) grew faster and were bigger at the end of the experiment. Fishes reared within the photoperiod regime LD 16:8 had a lower growth rate. COX activity was lower in fish under the LD 16:8 regime compared with the LD 24:0 group. The LDH and aldolase enzyme activities were higher in the group with constant light in comparison to control in the beginning of September. The expression level for all of the genes studied variated during the duration of the experiment, and MyHC, MyoG, MyoD1a and Myf5 expression depended on the light regime as well. The more noticeable changes in gene expression occurred in October. The MyHC and MyoG mRNA levels increased, accompanied by MyD1c gene expression, in both groups that had additional lighting (LD 16:8 and LD24:0) at the beginning of October and were higher than the HL group. In the HL group, the elevation of MyHC and MyoG mRNA was gradual during October, but there was a sharp increase in Myf5 expression at the beginning of October. MyoD1 paralogues differently expressed during the experiment. The MyoD1a mRNA level was elevated at the end of October along with MyHC and MyoG expression, but MyoD1b and MyoD1c mRNA levels decreased along with Myf5 gene expression. The expression of MSTN paralogues were elevated with increases in MyHC and MRFs transcripts. These findings show that constant light has a positive effect on the growth rate of salmon, affecting the aerobic and anaerobic capacity in their muscles. The alterations in muscle-specific gene expression between the groups with different light indicated that the mechanisms for regulating muscle growth processes in fish depend on photoperiod duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Churova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - Natalia Shulgina
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | | | - Marina Yu Krupnova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Nina N Nemova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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The Dietary Lipid Content Affects the Tissue Gene Expression of Muscle Growth Biomarkers and the GH/IGF System of Pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) Juveniles. FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression of growth hormone receptors (GHRs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), myostatin (MSTN) and myogenin (MyoG) was analyzed in juveniles pejerrey fed with graded levels of lipids (L): 6% (L6), 10% (L10), 25% (L25). After 14 weeks, no changes were found in liver GHR-I GHR-II and IGF-II mRNA levels whereas IGF-I decreased in L10 and L25. Muscle GHR-I gene expression increased in L25 whereas GHR-II, IGF-II and MyoG were higher in L6. IGF-I and MSTN expression was not affected by the different diets. Adipose IGF-I mRNA levels decreased in L10. Correlations between body weight and members of GH/IGF system in liver and skeletal muscle were found only in L10 group. Correlations found in L10 group between both liver and skeletal muscle GHR-I and IGF-I were lost in either L6 or L25 groups. Thus, fish fed with apparently unbalanced dietary lipid contents (6% and 25%) exhibit a compensatory regulation of systemic and local components of the GH/IGF axis. Furthermore, the marked inhibition of muscle MyoG gene expression in L25 might limit excessive lipid deposition and fish growth. Our data suggest that a dietary lipid contents of 10% would promote a particular adjustment of the endocrine and autocrine/paracrine GH/IGF system, stimulating body growth and perhaps muscle hyperplasia. On the other hand, a higher dietary lipid content would uncouple the GH/IGF system, reducing hepatic IGF-I, while slightly increasing hepatic GHR-I, probably to prompt lipolysis.
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Rajesh M, Kamalam BS, Ciji A, Akhtar MS, Pandey N, Gupta S, Sarma D, Sahu NP, Singh AK. Molecular characterisation and transcriptional regulation of muscle growth regulatory factors myogenin and myogenic factor 6 in the Trans-Himalayan cyprinid fish Schizothorax richardsonii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:188-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Alami-Durante H, Cluzeaud M, Bazin D, Schrama JW, Saravanan S, Geurden I. Muscle growth mechanisms in response to isoenergetic changes in dietary non-protein energy source at low and high protein levels in juvenile rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang Y, Zhou H, Shu H, Zhong D, Zhang M, Xia JH. Effect of fasting and subsequent refeeding on the transcriptional profiles of brain in juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214589. [PMID: 30921420 PMCID: PMC6438469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation is a common stress in fish. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with growth depression caused by feeding restriction and compensatory growth are not well understood. We investigated the effect of fasting and refeeding on the transcriptome profiles of brain in juvenile S. hollandi using RNA-seq. A total of 4.73 × 108 raw reads were obtained from nine brain samples. De novo transcriptome assembly identified 387,085 unigenes with 2.1×109 nucleotides. A total of 936 annotated unigenes showed significantly differential expression among the control, fasting, and fasting-refeeding groups. The down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during fasting were mainly associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, and mitosis. The up-regulated DEGs were mainly related to glucose and lipid metabolism, material transportation, and transcription factors. Most decreased DEGs during fasting were restored to normal levels after refeeding. Comparing with the control group, genes associated with protein synthesis, stimulus response, and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly over-expressed and pro-opio melanocortin (POMC) was down-regulated during the refeeding period. In conclusion, fish mobilized stored energetic materials and reduced energy consumption to prolong survival during fasting. After refeeding, the down-regulation of DEGs, e.g., POMC may be associated with compensatory growth. Up-regulation of DEGs related to ribosomal protein, stimulus response, and carbohydrate metabolism may contribute to eliminate negative effect of starvation on brain. This study provided the first transcriptome data related with impact of short-time starvation and refeeding in S. hollandi brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiqiang Zhou
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Shu
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JHX); (HS)
| | - Dongming Zhong
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (JHX); (HS)
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Churova MV, Shulgina NS, Nemova NN. Activity of the Enzymes of the Energy and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Organs of the Three-Spined Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from Different Biotopes of the White Sea. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2018; 482:185-187. [PMID: 30402755 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496618050010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the key enzymes of the energy and carbohydrate metabolism (cytochrome c oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) have been studied in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus spawning in different biotopes of the White Sea (Sel'dyanaya Bay, Sukhaya Salma Strait, and Kolyushkovaya Lagoon). It was found that individuals of stickleback from different spawning grounds differed mainly in the level of anaerobic metabolism and in the degree of utilization of carbohydrates during glycolysis. The results testify to the existence of adaptive mechanisms for the restructuring of the metabolic pathways of the energy metabolism depending on habitat conditions in different biotopes during the spawning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Churova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - N S Shulgina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N N Nemova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Mechanisms of stress-related muscle atrophy in fish: An ex vivo approach. Mech Dev 2018; 154:162-169. [PMID: 29981836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhao H, Xia J, Zhang X, He X, Li L, Tang R, Chi W, Li D. Diet Affects Muscle Quality and Growth Traits of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus): A Comparison Between Grass and Artificial Feed. Front Physiol 2018; 9:283. [PMID: 29632496 PMCID: PMC5879129 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish muscle, the main edible parts with high protein level and low fat level, is consumed worldwide. Diet contributes greatly to fish growth performance and muscle quality. In order to elucidate the correlation between diet and muscle quality, the same batch of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were divided into two groups and fed with either grass (Lolium perenne, Euphrasia pectinata and Sorghum sudanense) or artificial feed, respectively. However, the different two diets didn't result in significant differences in all the detected water quality parameters (e.g., Tm, pH, DO, NH3/[Formula: see text]-N, [Formula: see text]-N, [Formula: see text], TN, TP, and TOC) between the two experimental groups. After a 4-month culture period, various indexes and expression of myogenic regulatory factor (MRFs) and their related genes were tested. The weight gain of the fish fed with artificial feed (AFG) was nearly 40% higher than the fish fed with grass (GFG). Significantly higher alkaline phosphatase, total cholestrol, high density cholestrol and total protein were detected in GFG as compared to AFG. GFG also showed increased hardness, resilience and shear force in texture profile analysis, with significantly bigger and compact muscle fibers in histologic slices. The fat accumulation was most serious in the abdomen muscle of AFG. Additionally, the expression levels of MyoG, MyoD, IGF-1, and MSTNs were higher, whereas Myf-5, MRF4, and IGF-2 were lower in most positional muscles of GFG as compared to AFG. Overall, these results suggested that feeding grass could promote muscle growth and development by stimulating muscle fiber hypertrophy, as well as significantly enhance the expression of CoL1As. Feeding C. idellus with grass could also improve flesh quality by improving muscle characteristics, enhancing the production of collagen, meanthile, reducing fat accumulation and moisture in muscle, but at the cost of a slower growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Ann-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Xi Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xugang He
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
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Smith NC, Christian SL, Taylor RG, Santander J, Rise ML. Immune modulatory properties of 6-gingerol and resveratrol in Atlantic salmon macrophages. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li S, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Wang Q. Nutrient sensing signaling integrates nutrient metabolism and intestinal immunity in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus after prolonged starvation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:50-57. [PMID: 28964867 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Starvation has been shown to affect growth and nutrient metabolism in fish; however, little information about the nutrient sensing signaling and mucosal adaptive immunity in fish was known. In the present study, grass carp was starved for 8weeks to simulate the natural aquaculture practice in Hubei during winter. The histology of liver was significantly affected with decreased expression of tight junction proteins including claudin-3, claudin-b and ZO-1. Muscle gene expression was also affected, with decreased expression of muscle growth promoting factors such as Myogenin, MyoD, Myf5, and increased expression of muscle degradation factors, such as CathepsinD. In addition, mucosal adaptive immunity was also significantly affected, with decreased expression of antibodies including IgZ and IgM in gut. Along with these changes was the inhibition of several nutrient sensing signaling including MAPK and TOR signaling, which leads to the inhibition of the synthesis of protein including immunoglobulin. The increased phosphorylation of eIF2α not only inhibited the translation, but also resulted in the decreased expression of IkB and increased expression of NF-<kappa>B, with the activation of pro-inflammatory genes including IL8 and TNF<alpha>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Barra M, Llanos-Rivera A, Cruzat F, Pino-Maureira N, González-Saldía RR. The Marine Fungi Rhodotorula sp. (Strain CNYC4007) as a Potential Feed Source for Fish Larvae Nutrition. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120369. [PMID: 29194350 PMCID: PMC5742829 DOI: 10.3390/md15120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is used in the production of feed for cultured fish owing to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA). The over-exploitation of fisheries and events like “El Niño” are reducing the fish oil supply. Some marine microorganisms are considered potentially as alternative fatty acid sources. This study assesses a strain of Rhodotorula sp. (strain CNYC4007; 27% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of total fatty acids), as feed for fish larvae. The total length and ribonucleic acid (RNA)/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ratio of Danio rerio larvae was determined at first feeding at six and 12 days old (post-yolk absorption larvae). Larvae fed with microencapsulated Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 had a significantly higher RNA/DNA ratio than control group (C1). At six days post-yolk absorption group, the RNA/DNA ratio of larvae fed with Rhodotorula sp. bioencapsulated in Brachionus sp. was significantly higher than control group fed with a commercial diet high in DHA (C2-DHA). Finally, at 12 days post-yolk absorption, the RNA/DNA ratio was significantly higher in larvae fed with Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 and C2-DHA (both bioencapsulated in Artemia sp. nauplii) than in control group (C1). These results suggest that Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 can be an alternative source of DHA for feeding fish at larval stage, providing a sustainable source of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barra
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - A Llanos-Rivera
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - F Cruzat
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - N Pino-Maureira
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - R R González-Saldía
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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Age- and stage-dependent variations of muscle-specific gene expression in brown trout Salmo trutta L. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 211:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Churova MV, Meshcheryakova OV, Veselov AE, Efremov DA, Nemova NN. Activity of metabolic enzymes and muscle-specific gene expression in parr and smolts Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. of different age groups. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1117-1130. [PMID: 28315163 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the energy metabolism level and the features of muscle growth regulation during the development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) inhabiting the Indera River (Kola Peninsula, Russia). The activities of aerobic and anaerobic enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase) and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and aldolase) were measured in muscle and liver tissue. Gene expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), myostatin (MSTN-1a), and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs-MyoD1a, MyoD1b, MyoD1c, Myf5, myogenin) were measured in the white muscles of salmon parr of ages 0+, 1+, 2+, and 3+ and smolts of ages 2+ and 3+. Multidirectional changes in the activity of enzymes involved in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism with age were shown in the white muscles of the parr. The cytochrome c oxidase activity was higher in muscles of underyearlings (0+) and yearlings (1+) and decreased in 2+ and 3+ age groups. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, in contrast, increased with age. The patterns of changes in expression levels of MyoD1a, MyoD1b, myogenin, MyHC, and MSTN-1a at different ages of the parr were similar. Particularly, the expression of these genes peaked in the yearling parr (1+) and then decreased in elder groups. The differences were revealed in parameters studied between the parr and smolts. The level of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism enzyme activities was higher in the white muscles of smolts than in parr. The activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes was decreased in the smolts' livers. The expression levels of MyHC, MyoD1a, MyoD1b, and myogenin were lower in smolts at age 2+ compared to parr. These findings expand our knowledge of age-related and stage-related features of energy metabolism and muscle development regulation in young Atlantic salmon in their natural habitat. The results might be used for monitoring of the salmon population during restoration and rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Churova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Pushkinskaya, 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - Olga V Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Pushkinskaya, 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Aleksey E Veselov
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Pushkinskaya, 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Denis A Efremov
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Pushkinskaya, 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Nina N Nemova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Pushkinskaya, 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Global gene expression in muscle from fasted/refed trout reveals up-regulation of genes promoting myofibre hypertrophy but not myofibre production. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:447. [PMID: 28592307 PMCID: PMC5463356 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compensatory growth is a phase of rapid growth, greater than the growth rate of control animals, that occurs after a period of growth-stunting conditions. Fish show a capacity for compensatory growth after alleviation of dietary restriction, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are unknown. To learn more about the contribution of genes regulating hypertrophy (an increase in muscle fibre size) and hyperplasia (the generation of new muscle fibres) in the compensatory muscle growth response in fish, we used high-density microarray analysis to investigate the global gene expression in muscle of trout during a fasting-refeeding schedule and in muscle of control-fed trout displaying normal growth. RESULTS The compensatory muscle growth signature, as defined by genes up-regulated in muscles of refed trout compared with control-fed trout, showed enrichment in functional categories related to protein biosynthesis and maturation, such as RNA processing, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding. This signature was also enriched in chromatin-remodelling factors of the protein arginine N-methyl transferase family. Unexpectedly, functional categories related to cell division and DNA replication were not inferred from the molecular signature of compensatory muscle growth, and this signature contained virtually none of the genes previously reported to be up-regulated in hyperplastic growth zones of the late trout embryo myotome and to potentially be involved in production of new myofibres, notably genes encoding myogenic regulatory factors, transmembrane receptors essential for myoblast fusion or myofibrillar proteins predominant in nascent myofibres. CONCLUSION Genes promoting myofibre growth, but not myofibre formation, were up-regulated in muscles of refed trout compared with continually fed trout. This suggests that a compensatory muscle growth response, resulting from the stimulation of hypertrophy but not the stimulation of hyperplasia, occurs in trout after refeeding. The generation of a large set of genes up-regulated in muscle of refed trout may yield insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling skeletal muscle mass in teleost and serve as a useful list of potential molecular markers of muscle growth in fish.
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Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Reza MAN, Shimizu S, Matsubara T, Ohta K. Short-term starvation and realimentation helps stave off Edwardsiella tarda infection in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 206:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liver Transcriptome Analysis of the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) during Fasting by Using RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150240. [PMID: 26967898 PMCID: PMC4788198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economically important fish species in Chinese mariculture industry. To understand the molecular basis underlying the response to fasting, Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 was used to analyze the liver transcriptome of fasting large yellow croakers. A total of 54,933,550 clean reads were obtained and assembled into 110,364 contigs. Annotation to the NCBI database identified a total of 38,728 unigenes, of which 19,654 were classified into Gene Ontology and 22,683 were found in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Comparative analysis of the expression profiles between fasting fish and normal-feeding fish identified a total of 7,623 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05), including 2,500 upregulated genes and 5,123 downregulated genes. Dramatic differences were observed in the genes involved in metabolic pathways such as fat digestion and absorption, citrate cycle, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the similar results were also found in the transcriptome of skeletal muscle. Further qPCR analysis confirmed that the genes encoding the factors involved in those pathways significantly changed in terms of expression levels. The results of the present study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic response of the large yellow croaker to fasting as well as identified areas that require further investigation.
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Abernathy J, Panserat S, Welker T, Plagne-Juan E, Sakhrani D, Higgs DA, Audouin F, Devlin RH, Overturf K. Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:753-767. [PMID: 26265485 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) transgenic salmon possesses markedly increased metabolic rate, appetite, and feed conversion efficiency, as well as an increased ability to compete for food resources. Thus, the ability of GH-transgenic fish to withstand periods of food deprivation as occurs in nature is potentially different than that of nontransgenic fish. However, the physiological and genetic effects of transgenic GH production over long periods of food deprivation remain largely unknown. Here, GH-transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and nontransgenic, wild-type coho salmon were subjected to a 3-month food deprivation trial, during which time performance characteristics related to growth were measured along with proximate compositions. To examine potential genetic effects of GH-transgenesis on long-term food deprivation, a group of genes related to muscle development and liver metabolism was selected for quantitative PCR analysis. Results showed that GH-transgenic fish lose weight at an increased rate compared to wild-type even though proximate compositions remained relatively similar between the groups. A total of nine genes related to muscle physiology (cathepsin, cee, insulin-like growth factor, myostatin, murf-1, myosin, myogenin, proteasome delta, tumor necrosis factor) and five genes related to liver metabolism (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase) were shown to be differentially regulated between GH-transgenic and wild-type coho salmon over time. These genetic and physiological responses assist in identifying differences between GH-transgenic and wild-type salmon in relation to fitness effects arising from elevated growth hormone during periods of long-term food shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Abernathy
- USDA-ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID, 83332, USA
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Thomas Welker
- USDA-ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID, 83332, USA
| | - Elisabeth Plagne-Juan
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Dionne Sakhrani
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7V 1N6
| | - David A Higgs
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7V 1N6
| | - Florence Audouin
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7V 1N6
| | - Robert H Devlin
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7V 1N6
| | - Ken Overturf
- USDA-ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID, 83332, USA.
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Sun YW, Li FG, Chen J, Jiang XY, Zou SM. Two follistatin-like 1 homologs are differentially expressed in adult tissues and during embryogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:1-8. [PMID: 26439673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) peptides play important roles in inhibiting myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Here, we characterized and examined the expression patterns of fstl1a and -b in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). These genes encode 314 aa and 310 aa peptides, respectively, sharing a sequence identity of 83%. Except for the existence of the follistatin-N-terminal (FOLN) and Kazal-type 2 serine protease inhibitor (Kazal 2) domains, grass carp Fstl1a and -b do not share amino acid sequence similarity with Fst1 and -b. Both fstl1a and -b mRNAs were widely expressed in adult tissues. During embryogenesis, grass carp fstl1a and -b mRNA was detected in the presomitic mesoderm and somites at 12h post fertilization (hpf). At 24hpf, fstl1a mRNA was expressed in the hindbrain, somites, notochord and tailbud, while fstl1b mRNA was only detected in the tailbud. At 36hpf, fstl1a mRNA was detected in the hindbrain and notochord, and fstl1b was also expressed in the notochord. Furthermore, fstl1a and -b were downregulated in brain and liver tissue following injection with 10 or 50μg hGH, while fstl1b was significantly up-regulated in muscle tissue after 10μg hGH treatment. Both fstl1a and -b were significantly up-regulated at 2, 4 or 6days of nutrient restriction, and fstl1a was still highly expressed in the liver and muscle after 3days of refeeding, as was fstl1b in the brain and muscle. The expression of these genes returned to near control levels following 6days of refeeding. Our findings suggest that the two fstls play important but divergent roles in embryonic development and tissue growth regulation in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fu-Gui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xia-Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Churova MV, Meshcheryakova OV, Veselov AE, Nemova NN. Activity of enzymes involved in the energy and carbohydrate metabolism and the level of some molecular-genetic characteristics in young salmons (Salmo salar L.) with different age and weight. Russ J Dev Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360415050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Myostatin-2 isolation and spatiotemporal expression comparison between myostatin-1 and -2 in Larimichthys crocea. Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 175:57-63. [PMID: 24875565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) strongly regulate myostatin expression in mammals via glucocorticoid response elements (GREs), and bioinformatics methods suggest that this regulatory mechanism is conserved among many vertebrates. However, the multiple myostatin genes found in some fishes may be an exception. In silico promoter analyses of the three putative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) myostatin promoters have failed to identify putative GREs, suggesting a divergence in myostatin function. Therefore, we hypothesized that myostatin mRNA expression is not regulated by glucocorticoids in rainbow trout. In this study, both juvenile rainbow trout and primary trout myoblasts were treated with cortisol to examine the effects on myostatin mRNA expression. Results suggest that exogenous cortisol does not regulate myostatin-1a and -1b expression in vivo, as myostatin mRNA levels were not significantly affected by cortisol treatment in either red or white muscle tissue. In red muscle, myostatin-2a levels were significantly elevated in the cortisol treatment group relative to the control, but not the vehicle control, at both 12 h and 24 h post-injection. As such, it is unclear if cortisol was acting alone or in combination with the vehicle. Cortisol increased myostatin-1b expression in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further work is needed to determine if this response is the direct result of cortisol acting on the myostatin-1b promoter or through an alternative mechanism. These results suggest that regulation of myostatin by cortisol may not be as highly conserved as previously thought and support previous work that describes potential functional divergence of the multiple myostatin genes in fishes.
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Cleveland BM, Weber GM. Ploidy effects on genes regulating growth mechanisms during fasting and refeeding in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:139-149. [PMID: 24076188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diploid and triploid rainbow trout weighing approximately 3g were either fed for five weeks, or feed deprived for one week, followed by refeeding. During feed deprivation gastrointestinal somatic index decreased in diploids, but not triploids, and during refeeding, carcass growth rate recovered more quickly in triploids. Although not affected by ploidy, liver ghr2 and igfbp2b expression increased and igfbp1b decreased in fasted fish. Effects of ploidy on gene expression indicate potential mechanisms associated with improved recovery growth in triploids, which include decreased hepatic igfbp expression, which could influence IGF-I bioavailability, differences in tissue sensitivity to TGFbeta ligands due to altered tgfbr and smad expression, and differences in expression of muscle regulatory genes (myf5, mstn1a, and mstn1b). These data suggest that polyploidy influences the expression of genes critical to muscle development and general growth regulation, which may explain why triploid fish recover from nutritional insult better than diploid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25427, United States.
| | - Gregory M Weber
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25427, United States
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Zhu K, Chen L, Zhao J, Wang H, Wang W, Li Z, Wang H. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of myogenin in compensatory growth of Megalobrama amblycephala. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 170:10-7. [PMID: 24440962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Myogenin (myog) is a muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays an essential role in regulating skeletal muscle development and growth. To investigate molecular characterization of myog and the effect of starvation/refeeding on the gene expression, we isolated the myog cDNA sequence and analyzed the expression patterns using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in Megalobrama amblycephala. Sequence analysis indicated that M. amblycephala myog shared an analogous structure with the highly conserved His/Cys-rich, bHLH and C-terminal helix III domains with other vertebrates. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree showed that M. amblycephala myog had the highest identity with the homologues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio. Spatio-temporal expression patterns revealed that myog mRNA levels at the segmentation period and 12 h post-hatching (hph) were significantly higher than at other development stages (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest myog expression level was predominantly observed in white muscle compared with the other types of muscle. Fish body weight continuously decreased during 21-day starvation and then significantly increased after 7days of refeeding and reached the similar level to the control at 21days of refeeding, indicating that the pattern of complete compensatory growth possibly occurred in M. amblycephala; meanwhile, the relative somatic growth rate after refeeding was also dramatically higher than the control group. In addition, the myog expression decreased during 21days of starvation and then exhibited a strong rebound effect after 7days of refeeding and subsequently declined gradually to the control level by 21days of refeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinkun Zhao
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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41
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Liu Z, Xue L, Shen W, Ying J, Zhang Z. Spatio-temporal expression pattern and fasting response of follistatin gene in teleost Larimichthys crocea. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Fuentes EN, Safian D, Valdés JA, Molina A. Isolation and selection of suitable reference genes for real-time PCR analyses in the skeletal muscle of the fine flounder in response to nutritional status: assessment and normalization of gene expression of growth-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:765-777. [PMID: 23086610 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, different reference genes were isolated, and their stability in the skeletal muscle of fine flounder subjected to different nutritional states was assessed using geNorm and NormFinder. The combinations between 18S and ActB; Fau and 18S; and Fau and Tubb were chosen as the most stable gene combinations in feeding, long-term fasting and refeeding, and short-term refeeding conditions, respectively. In all periods, ActB was identified as the single least stable gene. Subsequently, the expression of the myosin heavy chain (MYH) and the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) was assessed. A large variation in MYH and IGF-IR expression was found depending on the reference gene that was chosen for normalizing the expression of both genes. Using the most stable reference genes, mRNA levels of MYH decreased and IGF-IR increased during fasting, with both returning to basal levels during refeeding. However, the drop in mRNA levels for IGF-IR occurred during short-term refeeding, in contrast with the observed events in the expression of MYH, which occurred during long-term refeeding. The present study highlights the vast differences incurred when using unsuitable versus suitable reference genes for normalizing gene expression, pointing out that normalization without proper validation could result in a bias of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departmento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 217, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
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Seiliez I, Médale F, Aguirre P, Larquier M, Lanneretonne L, Alami-Durante H, Panserat S, Skiba-Cassy S. Postprandial regulation of growth- and metabolism-related factors in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2013; 10:237-48. [PMID: 23659367 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been proposed as a possible model organism for nutritional physiology. However, this potential has not yet been realized and studies on the field remain scarce. In this work, we investigated in this species the effect of a single meal as well as that of an increase in the ratio of dietary carbohydrates/proteins on the postprandial expression of several hepatic and muscle metabolism-related genes and proteins. Fish were fed once either a commercial diet (experiment 1) or one of two experimental diets (experiment 2) containing different protein and carbohydrate levels after 72 h of starvation. Refeeding induced the postprandial expression of genes of glycolysis (GK, HK1) and lipogenesis (FAS, G6PDH, ACCa) and inhibited those of gluconeogenesis (cPEPCK) and beta-oxidation (CPT1b) in the viscera. In the muscle, refeeding increased transcript levels of myogenesis (Myf5, Myogenin), inhibited those of Ub-proteasomal proteolytic system (Atrogin1, Murf1a, Murf1b), and induced the activation of key signaling factors of protein synthesis (Akt, 4EBP1, S6K1, S6). However, diet composition had a low impact on the studied factors. Together, these results highlight some specificity of the zebrafish metabolism and demonstrate the interest and the limits of this species as a model organism for nutritional physiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iban Seiliez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , UR1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Nebo C, Portella MC, Carani FR, de Almeida FLA, Padovani CR, Carvalho RF, Dal-Pai-Silva M. Short periods of fasting followed by refeeding change the expression of muscle growth-related genes in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 164:268-74. [PMID: 23416085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle growth mechanisms are controlled by molecular pathways that can be affected by fasting and refeeding. In this study, we hypothesized that short period of fasting followed by refeeding would change the expression of muscle growth-related genes in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of MyoD, myogenin and myostatin and the muscle growth characteristics in the white muscle of juvenile Nile tilapia during short period of fasting followed by refeeding. Juvenile fish were divided into three groups: (FC) control, feeding continuously for 42 days, (F5) 5 days of fasting and 37 days of refeeding, and (F10) 10 days of fasting and 32 days of refeeding. At days 5 (D5), 10 (D10), 20 (D20) and 42 (D42), fish (n=14 per group) were anesthetized and euthanized for morphological, morphometric and gene expression analyses. During the refeeding, fasted fish gained weight continuously and, at the end of the experiment (D42), F5 showed total compensatory mass gain. After 5 and 10 days of fasting, a significant increase in the muscle fiber frequency (class 20) occurred in F5 and F10 compared to FC that showed a high muscle fiber frequency in class 40. At D42, the muscle fiber frequency in class 20 was higher in F5. After 5 days of fasting, MyoD and myogenin gene expressions were lower and myostatin expression levels were higher in F5 and F10 compared to FC; at D42, MyoD, myogenin and myostatin gene expression was similar among all groups. In conclusion, this study showed that short periods of fasting promoted muscle fiber atrophy in the juvenile Nile tilapia and the refeeding caused compensatory mass gain and changed the expression of muscle growth-related genes that promote muscle growth. These fasting and refeeding protocols have proven useful for understanding the effects of alternative warm fish feeding strategies on muscle growth-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nebo
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Célia Portella
- São Paulo State University, Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Regina Carani
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biostatistics, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- São Paulo State University, UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology and CAUNESP, 18618-970, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Alami-Durante H, Cluzeaud M, Bazin D, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante JL. Dietary cholecalciferol regulates the recruitment and growth of skeletal muscle fibers and the expressions of myogenic regulatory factors and the myosin heavy chain in European sea bass larvae. J Nutr 2011; 141:2146-51. [PMID: 22013200 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.146118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary cholecalciferol affects the recruitment and growth of axial skeletal muscle fibers in first-feeding European sea bass. Larvae were fed diets containing 0.28 (VD-L, low dose), 0.69 (VD-C, control dose), or 3.00 (VD-H, high dose) mg cholecalciferol/kg from 9 to 44 d posthatching (dph). Larvae were sampled at 44 dph for quantification of somatic growth, muscle growth, and muscle growth dynamics and at 22 and 44 dph for the relative quantification of transcripts encoded by genes involved in myogenesis, cell proliferation, and muscle structure. The weight increase of the VD-L-fed larvae was less than that of the VD-H-fed group, whereas that of VD-C-fed larvae was intermediate. The level of expression of genes involved in cell proliferation (PCNA) and early myogenesis (Myf5) decreased between 22 and 44 dph, whereas that of the myogenic determination factor MyoD1 and that of genes involved in muscle structure and function (myosin heavy chain, myosin light chains 2 and 3) increased. Dietary cholecalciferol regulated Myf5, MyoD1, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain gene expression, with a gene-specific shape of response. The maximum hypertrophy of white muscle fibers was higher in larvae fed the VD-C and VD-H diets than in larvae fed the VD-L diet. White muscle hyperplasia was highly stimulated in VD-H-fed larvae compared to VD-L- and VD-C-fed ones. These findings demonstrate a dietary cholecalciferol effect on skeletal muscle growth mechanisms of a Teleost species.
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Seiliez I, Sabin N, Gabillard JC. FoxO1 is not a key transcription factor in the regulation of myostatin (mstn-1a and mstn-1b) gene expression in trout myotubes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R97-104. [PMID: 21490365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00828.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, much evidence has demonstrated the important role of myostatin (MSTN) in regulating muscle mass and identified the transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO) 1 as a key regulator of its gene expression during atrophy. However, in trout, food deprivation leads to muscle atrophy without an increase of the expression of mstn genes in the muscle. We therefore studied the relationship between FoxO1 activity and the expression of both mstn genes (mstn1a and mstn1b) in primary culture of trout myotubes. To this aim, two complementary studies were undertaken. In the former, FoxO1 protein activity was modified with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) treatment, and the consequences on the expression of both mstn genes were monitored. In the second experiment, the expression of both studied genes was modified with growth hormone (GH) treatment, and the activation of FoxO1 protein was investigated. We found that IGF-I induced the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and FoxO4. Moreover, under IGF-I stimulation, FoxO1 was no longer localized in the nucleus, indicating that this growth factor inhibited FoxO1 activity. However, IGF-I treatment had no effect on mstn1a and mstn1b expression, suggesting that FoxO1 would not regulate the expression of mstn genes in trout myotubes. Furthermore, the treatment of myotubes with GH decreased the expression of both mstn genes but has no effect on the phosphorylation of FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 nor on the nuclear translocation of FoxO1. Altogether, our results showed that mstn1a and mstn1b expressions were not associated with FoxO activity, indicating that FoxO1 is likely not a key regulator of mstn genes in trout myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iban Seiliez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1067 Nutrition Aquaculture et Génomique, Pôle d’hydrobiologie, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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De Santis C, Smith-Keune C, Jerry DR. Normalizing RT-qPCR data: are we getting the right answers? An appraisal of normalization approaches and internal reference genes from a case study in the finfish Lates calcarifer. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:170-180. [PMID: 20309600 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Commonly used normalization approaches for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses include (a) input nucleic acids standardization (ΔC (q) method), (b) normalizing target gene transcript abundance against a single internal reference gene (ΔΔC (q) method), and (c) geometric averaging of multiple reference gene abundance using the geNorm software. We compared these three approaches to examine expression of a negative muscle growth regulator gene, myostatin-I (mstn-I), in the finfish Lates calcarifer, following 4 weeks of nutritional fasting. Interestingly, these three different approaches led to widely divergent data interpretations. When ΔC (q) and subsequently ΔΔC (q) with α-tub as the reference gene were applied to mstn-I expression data, an ∼threefold upregulation of this gene was observed in fasted compared to fed fish. In contrast, mstn-I appeared unchanged when data was normalized against the geometric average of the two apparently most "stable" reference genes (elongation factor-1 α (ef1-α) and rpl8) selected from a panel comprising seven commonly utilized candidate reference genes (18S, cat-D, ef1-α, rpl8, gapdh, ubq, and α-tub). The geNorm software erroneously suggested that ef1-α, rpl8, and ubq were the most "stable" reference genes, whereas ΔC (q) analysis revealed these genes simply to exhibit similar patterns of regulation in response to fasting. The ΔC (q) approach showed that α-tub was the least variable in its expression level between fasted and fed fish after 4 weeks. The present study also highlights the importance of validating internal references for each time point under investigation when applying ΔΔC (q) and suggests that the more cost-effective ΔC (q) normalization approach, if carefully applied, may in fact produce the most biologically valid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian De Santis
- Aquaculture Genetics Research Program, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia.
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48
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De Santis C, Jerry DR. Differential tissue-regulation of myostatin genes in the teleost fish Lates calcarifer in response to fasting. Evidence for functional differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:158-65. [PMID: 21241767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene or genome duplication is a fundamental evolutionary mechanism leading towards the origin of new genes, or gene functions. Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth that in teleost fish, as a result of genome duplication, is present in double copy. This study provides evidence of differentiation of MSTN paralogs in fish by comparatively exploring their tissue-regulation in the Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) when subjected to fasting stress. Results showed differential regulation as well as specific tissue-responses in the muscle, liver, gill and brain of L. calcarifer after nutritional deprivation. In particular, the LcMstn-1 expression increased in liver (∼4 fold) and muscle (∼3 fold) and diminished in brain (∼0.5 fold) and gill (∼0.5 fold) while that of LcMstn-2 remained stable in brain and muscle and was up regulated in gill (∼2.5 fold) and liver (∼2 fold). Differential regulation of Mstn paralogs was supported by in silico analyses of regulatory motifs that revealed, at least in the immediate region upstream the genes, a differentiation between Mstn-1 and Mstn-2. The Mstn-1 in particular showed a significantly higher conservation of regulatory sites among teleost species compared to its paralog indicating that this gene might have a highly conserved function in the taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Santis
- Aquaculture Genetics Research Program, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia.
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49
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Cleveland BM, Evenhuis JP. Molecular characterization of atrogin-1/F-box protein-32 (FBXO32) and F-box protein-25 (FBXO25) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:248-57. [PMID: 20601059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic increase in protein catabolism during muscle atrophy is largely the result of an increase in E3 ubiquitin ligase expression, specifically that of atrogin-1, or FBXO32, which functions to polyubiquitinate proteins. In rainbow trout, the cDNA sequences of two E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box proteins, FBXO32 and FBXO25, were characterized and their expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation was determined. The cDNA sequence for FBXO32 encodes a protein 355 amino acids long and is 97% identical to the homologous protein in salmon, 85% to zebrafish and 72% identical to both human and mouse. The cDNA for FBXO25 encodes a protein 356 amino acids in length that is 98% identical to the homologous protein in salmon, 84% to zebrafish, and 75% to human. After 28days of feed deprivation, FBXO32 expression increased by approximately 13-fold, 3-fold, and 5-fold in white muscle, red muscle, and intestine, respectively (P<0.05). Expression of FBXO32 and FBXO25 in kidney decreased 0.3-fold and 0.2-fold, respectively, and FBXO25 expression decreased by 0.2-fold in liver (P<0.05). These results indicate that these protein sequences are conserved and suggest that the up-regulation of FBXO32 is associated with skeletal and smooth muscle atrophy that occurs during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Cleveland
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
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50
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Churova MV, Meshcheryakova OV, Nemova NN, Shatunovskii MI. The correlation between fish growth and several biochemical characteristics with reference to the steelhead Parasalmo mykiss Walb. BIOL BULL+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359010030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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