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Zhang N, Song B, Bai P, Du L, Chen L, Xu Y, Zeng T. Perineuronal nets' role in metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E411-E421. [PMID: 39140971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00154.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons, have recently been recognized as key players in the regulation of metabolism. This review explores the growing body of knowledge concerning PNNs and their role in metabolic control, drawing insights from recent research and relevant studies. The pivotal role of PNNs in the context of energy balance and whole body blood glucose is examined. This review also highlights novel findings, including the effects of astroglia, microglia, sex and gonadal hormones, nutritional regulation, circadian rhythms, and age on PNNs dynamics. These findings illuminate the complex and multifaceted role of PNNs in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beite Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Nakanishi Y, Izumi M, Matsushita H, Koyama Y, Diez D, Takamatsu H, Koyama S, Nishide M, Naito M, Mizuno Y, Yamaguchi Y, Mae T, Noda Y, Nakaya K, Nojima S, Sugihara F, Okuzaki D, Ikawa M, Shimada S, Kang S, Kumanogoh A. Semaphorin 6D tunes amygdalar circuits for emotional, metabolic, and inflammatory outputs. Neuron 2024; 112:2955-2972.e9. [PMID: 39002542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Regulated neural-metabolic-inflammatory responses are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis. However, the molecular machinery that coordinates neural, metabolic, and inflammatory responses is largely unknown. Here, we show that semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D) coordinates anxiogenic, metabolic, and inflammatory outputs from the amygdala by maintaining synaptic homeostasis. Using genome-wide approaches, we identify SEMA6D as a pleiotropic gene for both psychiatric and metabolic traits in human. Sema6d deficiency increases anxiety in mice. When fed a high-fat diet, Sema6d-/- mice display attenuated obesity and enhanced myelopoiesis compared with control mice due to higher sympathetic activity via the β3-adrenergic receptor. Genetic manipulation and spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal that SEMA6D in amygdalar interneurons is responsible for regulating anxiogenic and autonomic responses. Mechanistically, SEMA6D is required for synaptic maturation and γ-aminobutyric acid transmission. These results demonstrate that SEMA6D is important for the normal functioning of the neural circuits in the amygdala, coupling emotional, metabolic, and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsushita
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Discovery Pharmacology Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Koyama
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Diego Diez
- Quantitative Immunology Research Unit, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maiko Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Mae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Noda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kamon Nakaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, RIMD, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Hu J, Zhang J, Han B, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Zhang L, Han J, Liu H, Gao L, Feng T, Dou B, Chen W, Sun F. PLXNA1 confers enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer via AKT signaling pathway. Neoplasia 2024; 57:101047. [PMID: 39226661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Although targeting the androgen signaling pathway by androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors, including enzalutamide, has shown therapeutic effectiveness, inevitable emergence of acquired resistance remains a critical challenge in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Recognizing targetable genomic aberrations that trigger endocrine treatment failure holds great promise for advancing therapeutic interventions. Here, we characterized PLXNA1, amplified in a subset of PCa patients, as a contributor to enzalutamide resistance (ENZR). Elevated PLXNA1 expression facilitated PCa proliferation under enzalutamide treatment due to AKT signaling activation. Mechanistically, PLXNA1 recruited NRP1 forming a PLXNA1-NRP1 complex, which in turn potentiated the phosphorylation of the AKT. Either inhibiting PLXNA1-NRP1 complex with an NRP1 inhibitor, EG01377, or targeting PLXNA1-mediated ENZR with AKT inhibitors, abolished the pro-resistance phenotype of PLXNA1. Taken together, combination of AKT inhibitor and AR inhibitors presents a promising therapeutic strategy for PCa, especially in advanced PCa patients exhibiting PLXNA1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingying Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baokai Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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4
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Zuccaro MV, LeDuc CA, Thaker VV. Updates on Rare Genetic Variants, Genetic Testing, and Gene Therapy in Individuals With Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:626-641. [PMID: 38822963 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper is to aggregate information on monogenic contributions to obesity in the past five years and to provide guidance for genetic testing in clinical care. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in sequencing technologies, increasing awareness, access to testing, and new treatments have increased the utilization of genetics in clinical care. There is increasing recognition of the prevalence of rare genetic obesity from variants with mean allele frequency < 5% -new variants in known genes as well as identification of novel genes- causing monogenic obesity. While most of these genes are in the leptin melanocortin pathway, those in adipocytes may also contribute. Common variants may contribute either to higher lifetime tendency for weight gain or provide protection from monogenic obesity. While specific genetic mutations are rare, these segregate in individuals with early-onset severe obesity; thus, collectively genetic etiologies are not as rare. Some genetic conditions are amenable to targeted treatment. Research into the discovery of novel genetic causes as well as targeted treatment is growing over time. The utility of therapeutic strategies based on the genetic risk of obesity is an advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Zuccaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150, St. Nicholas Avenue, NY 10032, United States
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Vidhu V Thaker
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150, St. Nicholas Avenue, NY 10032, United States.
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
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5
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Li Y, Cacciottolo TM, Yin N, He Y, Liu H, Liu H, Yang Y, Henning E, Keogh JM, Lawler K, Mendes de Oliveira E, Gardner EJ, Kentistou KA, Laouris P, Bounds R, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Barroso I, Tu L, Bean JC, Yu M, Conde KM, Wang M, Ginnard O, Fang X, Tong L, Han J, Darwich T, Williams KW, Yang Y, Wang C, Joss S, Firth HV, Xu Y, Farooqi IS. Loss of transient receptor potential channel 5 causes obesity and postpartum depression. Cell 2024; 187:4176-4192.e17. [PMID: 38959890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic neural circuits regulate instinctive behaviors such as food seeking, the fight/flight response, socialization, and maternal care. Here, we identified microdeletions on chromosome Xq23 disrupting the brain-expressed transient receptor potential (TRP) channel 5 (TRPC5). This family of channels detects sensory stimuli and converts them into electrical signals interpretable by the brain. Male TRPC5 deletion carriers exhibited food seeking, obesity, anxiety, and autism, which were recapitulated in knockin male mice harboring a human loss-of-function TRPC5 mutation. Women carrying TRPC5 deletions had severe postpartum depression. As mothers, female knockin mice exhibited anhedonia and depression-like behavior with impaired care of offspring. Deletion of Trpc5 from oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus caused obesity in both sexes and postpartum depressive behavior in females, while Trpc5 overexpression in oxytocin neurons in knock-in mice reversed these phenotypes. We demonstrate that TRPC5 plays a pivotal role in mediating innate human behaviors fundamental to survival, including food seeking and maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tessa M Cacciottolo
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Na Yin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang He
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hesong Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuxue Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Taizhou People's Hospital, Medical School of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edson Mendes de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Panayiotis Laouris
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Bounds
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan C Bean
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristine M Conde
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengjie Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Ginnard
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lydia Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junying Han
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tia Darwich
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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Sivakumar S, Lama D, Rabhi N. Childhood obesity from the genes to the epigenome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393250. [PMID: 39045266 PMCID: PMC11263020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has surged dramatically in recent decades. Especially concerning is the increased rate of childhood obesity, resulting in diseases traditionally associated only with adulthood. While obesity fundamentally arises from energy imbalance, emerging evidence over the past decade has revealed the involvement of additional factors. Epidemiological and murine studies have provided extensive evidence linking parental obesity to increased offspring weight and subsequent cardiometabolic complications in adulthood. Offspring exposed to an obese environment during conception, pregnancy, and/or lactation often exhibit increased body weight and long-term metabolic health issues, suggesting a transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility through epigenetic mechanisms rather than solely classic genetic mutations. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the mechanisms mediating transgenerational and intergenerational transmission of obesity. We delve into recent findings regarding both paternal and maternal obesity, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and potential sex differences in offspring outcomes. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind obesity inheritance holds promise for enhancing clinical management strategies in offspring and breaking the cycle of increased metabolic risk across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Wang Q, Bu Q, Xu Z, Liang Y, Zhou J, Pan Y, Zhou H, Lu L. Macrophage ATG16L1 expression suppresses metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis progression by promoting lipophagy. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:515-538. [PMID: 38726504 PMCID: PMC11261221 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is an unmet clinical challenge due to the rapid increased occurrence but lacking approved drugs. Autophagy-related protein 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) plays an important role in the process of autophagy, which is indispensable for proper biogenesis of the autophagosome, but its role in modulating macrophage-related inflammation and metabolism during MASH has not been documented. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of ATG16L1 in the progression of MASH. METHODS Expression analysis was performed with liver samples from human and mice. MASH models were induced in myeloid-specific Atg16l1-deficient and myeloid-specific Atg16l1-overexpressed mice by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet or methionine- and choline-deficient diet to explore the function and mechanism of macrophage ATG16L1 in MASH. RESULTS Macrophage-specific Atg16l1 knockout exacerbated MASH and inhibited energy expenditure, whereas macrophage-specific Atg16l1 transgenic overexpression attenuated MASH and promotes energy expenditure. Mechanistically, Atg16l1 knockout inhibited macrophage lipophagy, thereby suppressing macrophage β-oxidation and decreasing the production of 4-hydroxynonenal, which further inhibited stimulator of interferon genes(STING) carbonylation. STING palmitoylation was enhanced, STING trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi was promoted, and downstream STING signaling was activated, promoting proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines secretion, resulting in hepatic steatosis and hepatic stellate cells activation. Moreover, Atg16l1-deficiency enhanced macrophage phagosome ability but inhibited lysosome formation, engulfing mtDNA released by pyroptotic hepatocytes. Increased mtDNA promoted cGAS/STING signaling activation. Moreover, pharmacological promotion of ATG16L1 substantially blocked MASH progression. CONCLUSION ATG16L1 suppresses MASH progression by maintaining macrophage lipophagy, restraining liver inflammation, and may be a promising therapeutic target for MASH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zibo Xu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Palumbo S, Palumbo D, Cirillo G, Giurato G, Aiello F, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Grandone A. Methylome analysis in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:82. [PMID: 38909248 PMCID: PMC11193236 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and environmental factors are implicated in many developmental processes. Recent evidence, however, has suggested that epigenetic changes may also influence the onset of puberty or the susceptibility to a wide range of diseases later in life. The present study aims to investigate changes in genomic DNA methylation profiles associated with pubertal onset analyzing human peripheral blood leukocytes from three different groups of subjects: 19 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), 14 healthy prepubertal girls matched by age and 13 healthy pubertal girls matched by pubertal stage. For this purpose, the comparisons were performed between pre- and pubertal controls to identify changes in normal pubertal transition and CPP versus pre- and pubertal controls. RESULTS Analysis of methylation changes associated with normal pubertal transition identified 1006 differentially methylated CpG sites, 86% of them were found to be hypermethylated in prepubertal controls. Some of these CpG sites reside in genes associated with the age of menarche or transcription factors involved in the process of pubertal development. Analysis of methylome profiles in CPP patients showed 65% and 55% hypomethylated CpG sites compared with prepubertal and pubertal controls, respectively. In addition, interestingly, our results revealed the presence of 43 differentially methylated genes coding for zinc finger (ZNF) proteins. Gene ontology and IPA analysis performed in the three groups studied revealed significant enrichment of them in some pathways related to neuronal communication (semaphorin and gustation pathways), estrogens action, some cancers (particularly breast and ovarian) or metabolism (particularly sirtuin). CONCLUSIONS The different methylation profiles of girls with normal and precocious puberty indicate that regulation of the pubertal process in humans is associated with specific epigenetic changes. Differentially methylated genes include ZNF genes that may play a role in developmental control. In addition, our data highlight changes in the methylation status of genes involved in signaling pathways that determine the migration and function of GnRH neurons and the onset of metabolic and neoplastic diseases that may be associated with CPP in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Palumbo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
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9
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Huang L, Fu Y, Cao J, Zhai J. Clinical Value and Mechanism Exploration of Serum miR-379 in Obesity-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:1149-1157. [PMID: 38919684 PMCID: PMC11198001 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s427997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective As a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is mostly associated with an obese phenotype. The present research focuses on the clinical significance of miR-379 in obesity-PCOS and attempts to elucidate its potential mechanisms. Methods Healthy individuals (n = 46), obesity-PCOS (n = 92), and non-obesity PCOS (n = 31) subjects were enrolled. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to examine the level of serum miR-379. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regressions were applied to reveal the diagnostic significance. Dual luciferase reporters were performed to validate the targeting relationships. And cell count kit (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Results Serum miR-379 was highly expressed in PCOS patients (P < 0.05), in especially obesity-PCOS patients. Higher miR-379 was associated with greater body mass index (BMI), higher bioavailable testosterone (bT), and greater insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, miR-379 was an independent risk factor for the development of obesity-PCOS. The sensitivity of miR-379 in identifying patients with obesity-PCOS from healthy or non-obesity-PCSO patients was 81.52% and 72.83%, and the specificity was 86.96% and 80.65%. Semaphorin 3 A (SEMA3A) was identified as a target of miR-379 and was reduced in the patients with obesity PCOS (P < 0.05). Inhibition of miR-375 reduced KGN proliferation, but this reduction was partially restored by silencing of SEMA3A (P < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated miR-379 assists the diagnosis of obesity-PCOS and regulates the proliferation of KGN by targeting SEMA3A engaged in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Mirza SL, Upton PD, Hodgson J, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Dunmore BJ. SEMA3G regulates BMP9 inhibition of VEGF-mediated migration and network formation in pulmonary endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107381. [PMID: 38795838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) is critical for bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2) signalling in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, human genetics studies support the central role of disrupted BMPR2 mediated BMP9 signalling in vascular endothelial cells in the initiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In addition, loss-of-function mutations in BMP9 have been identified in PAH patients. BMP9 is considered to play an important role in vascular homeostasis and quiescence. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified a novel BMP9 target as the class-3 semaphorin, SEMA3G. Although originally identified as playing a role in neuronal development, class-3 semaphorins may have important roles in endothelial function. Here we show that BMP9 transcriptional regulation of SEMA3G occurs via ALK1 and the canonical Smad pathway, requiring both Smad1 and Smad5. Knockdown studies demonstrated redundancy between type-2 receptors in that BMPR2 and ACTR2A were compensatory. Increased SEMA3G expression by BMP9 was found to be regulated by the transcription factor, SOX17. Moreover, we observed that SEMA3G regulates VEGF signalling by inhibiting VEGFR2 phosphorylation and that VEGF, in contrast to BMP9, negatively regulated SEMA3G transcription. Functional endothelial cell assays of VEGF-mediated migration and network formation revealed that BMP9 inhibition of VEGF was abrogated by SEMA3G knockdown. Conversely, treatment with recombinant SEMA3G partially mimicked the inhibitory action of BMP9 in these assays. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence for the anti-angiogenic role of BMP9 in microvascular endothelial cells and these functions are mediated at least in part via SOX17 and SEMA3G induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Mirza
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul D Upton
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joshua Hodgson
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Benjamin J Dunmore
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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11
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Eberhard D, Balkenhol S, Köster A, Follert P, Upschulte E, Ostermann P, Kirschner P, Uhlemeyer C, Charnay I, Preuss C, Trenkamp S, Belgardt BF, Dickscheid T, Esposito I, Roden M, Lammert E. Semaphorin-3A regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell porosity and promotes hepatic steatosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:734-753. [PMID: 39196233 PMCID: PMC11358038 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, increases worldwide and associates with type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that Sema3a is elevated in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of animal models for obesity, type 2 diabetes and MASLD. In primary human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, saturated fatty acids induce expression of SEMA3A, and loss of a single allele is sufficient to reduce hepatic fat content in diet-induced obese mice. We show that semaphorin-3A regulates the number of fenestrae through a signaling cascade that involves neuropilin-1 and phosphorylation of cofilin-1 by LIM domain kinase 1. Finally, inducible vascular deletion of Sema3a in adult diet-induced obese mice reduces hepatic fat content and elevates very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Thus, we identified a molecular pathway linking hyperlipidemia to microvascular defenestration and early development of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberhard
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sydney Balkenhol
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Köster
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paula Follert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Upschulte
- Cécile & Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Ostermann
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Kirschner
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iannis Charnay
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Preuss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Trenkamp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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12
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Zhao Y, Chukanova M, Kentistou KA, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Siegert AM, Jia RY, Dowsett GKC, Gardner EJ, Lawler K, Day FR, Kaisinger LR, Tung YCL, Lam BYH, Chen HJC, Wang Q, Berumen-Campos J, Kuri-Morales P, Tapia-Conyer R, Alegre-Diaz J, Barroso I, Emberson J, Torres JM, Collins R, Saleheen D, Smith KR, Paul DS, Merkle F, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, Petrovski S, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Yeo GSH, Perry JRB. Protein-truncating variants in BSN are associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:579-584. [PMID: 38575728 PMCID: PMC11018524 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many common diseases and has a substantial heritable component. To identify new genetic determinants, we performed exome-sequence analyses for adult body mass index (BMI) in up to 587,027 individuals. We identified rare loss-of-function variants in two genes (BSN and APBA1) with effects substantially larger than those of well-established obesity genes such as MC4R. In contrast to most other obesity-related genes, rare variants in BSN and APBA1 were not associated with normal variation in childhood adiposity. Furthermore, BSN protein-truncating variants (PTVs) magnified the influence of common genetic variants associated with BMI, with a common variant polygenic score exhibiting an effect twice as large in BSN PTV carriers than in noncarriers. Finally, we explored the plasma proteomic signatures of BSN PTV carriers as well as the functional consequences of BSN deletion in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamic neurons. Collectively, our findings implicate degenerative processes in synaptic function in the etiology of adult-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Chukanova
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Maria Siegert
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raina Y Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yi-Chun Loraine Tung
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian Yee Hong Lam
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quanli Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaime Berumen-Campos
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Kuri-Morales
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Tecnológico, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre-Diaz
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Emberson
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason M Torres
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Smith
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Merkle
- Institute of Metabolic Science and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Sun J, Wang X, Sun R, Xiao X, Wang Y, Peng Y, Gao Y. Microglia shape AgRP neuron postnatal development via regulating perineuronal net plasticity. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:306-316. [PMID: 38001338 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in controlling metabolism and energy balance, with Agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons being essential components of this process. The proper development of these neurons is important for metabolic regulation in later life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, have been shown to significantly influence neurodevelopment. However, their role in shaping the postnatal development of hypothalamic neural circuits remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of microglia in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) during lactation and their impact on the maturation of AgRP and POMC neurons. We demonstrated that microglial depletion during a critical period of ARC neuron maturation increases the number of AgRP neurons and fiber density, with less effect on POMC neurons. This depletion also resulted in increased neonatal feeding behavior. Mechanistically, microglia can engulf perineuronal net (PNN) components surrounding AgRP neurons both in vivo and ex vivo. The absence of microglia leads to increased PNN formation and enhanced leptin sensitivity in ARC. Our findings suggest that microglia participate in the postnatal development of AgRP neurons by regulating the plasticity of PNN formation. This study contributes to a better understanding of microglia's role in shaping hypothalamic neural circuits during postnatal development and their impact on metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.
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14
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Zhang D, Xu H, Qin C, Cai K, Zhang J, Xia X, Bi J, Zhang L, Xing L, Liang Q, Wang W. Reduced expression of semaphorin 3A in osteoclasts causes lymphatic expansion in a Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) mouse model. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:38-50. [PMID: 38163665 PMCID: PMC10758210 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a sporadic chronic disease characterized by progressive bone dissolution, absorption, and disappearance along with lymphatic vessel infiltration in bone-marrow cavities. Although the osteolytic mechanism of GSD has been widely studied, the cause of lymphatic hyperplasia in GSD is rarely investigated. In this study, by comparing the RNA expression profile of osteoclasts (OCs) with that of OC precursors (OCPs) by RNA sequencing, we identified a new factor, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), which is an osteoprotective factor involved in the lymphatic expansion of GSD. Compared to OCPs, OCs enhanced the growth, migration, and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), in which the expression of Sema3A is low compared to that in OCPs. In the presence of recombinant Sema3A, the growth, migration, and tube formation of LECs were inhibited, further confirming the inhibitory effect of Sema3A on LECs in vitro. Using an LEC-induced GSD mouse model, the effect of Sema3A was examined by injecting lentivirus-expressing Sema3A into the tibiae in vivo. We found that the overexpression of Sema3A in tibiae suppressed the expansion of LECs and alleviated bone loss, whereas the injection of lentivirus expressing Sema3A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the tibiae caused GSD-like phenotypes. Histological staining further demonstrated that OCs decreased and osteocalcin increased after Sema3A lentiviral treatment, compared with the control. Based on the above results, we propose that reduced Sema3A in OCs is one of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogeneses of GSD and that expressing Sema3A represents a new approach for the treatment of GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital & Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kangming Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinqiu Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jingwen Bi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital & Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China. ,
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai 201203, China. ,
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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15
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Farooqi S. Obesity and thinness: insights from genetics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220205. [PMID: 37661743 PMCID: PMC10475868 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic disruption of key molecular components of the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin pathway causes severe obesity in mice and humans. Physiological studies in people who carry these mutations have shown that the adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin primarily acts to defend against starvation. A lack of leptin causes an intense drive to eat and increases the rewarding properties of food, demonstrating that human appetite has a strong biological basis. Genetic studies in clinical- and population-based cohorts of people with obesity or thinness continue to provide new insights into the physiological mechanisms involved in weight regulation and identify molecular targets for weight loss therapy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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16
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Brüning JC, Fenselau H. Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake. Science 2023; 381:eabl7398. [PMID: 37769095 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates multiple homeostatic signals with numerous cues that predict future deviations in energy supply. Recently, our understanding of the neural pathways underlying these regulatory principles-as well as their convergence in the hypothalamus as the key coordinator of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism-have been revealed. These advances have changed our view of brain-dependent control of metabolic physiology. In this Review, we discuss new concepts about how alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and how this emerging knowledge may provide new targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Research Group Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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17
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Kaisinger LR, Kentistou KA, Stankovic S, Gardner EJ, Day FR, Zhao Y, Mörseburg A, Carnie CJ, Zagnoli-Vieira G, Puddu F, Jackson SP, O’Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Dearden L, Pantaleão LC, Ozanne SE, Ong KK, Perry JR. Large-scale exome sequence analysis identifies sex- and age-specific determinants of obesity. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100362. [PMID: 37601970 PMCID: PMC10435378 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and has a significant heritable component. Recent large-scale exome sequencing studies identified several genes in which rare, protein-coding variants have large effects on adult body mass index (BMI). Here we extended such work by performing sex-stratified associations in the UK Biobank study (N∼420,000). We identified genes in which rare heterozygous loss-of-function increases adult BMI in women (DIDO1, PTPRG, and SLC12A5) and in men (SLTM), with effect sizes up to ∼8 kg/m2. This is complemented by analyses implicating rare variants in OBSCN and MADD for recalled childhood adiposity. The known functions of these genes, as well as findings of common variant genome-wide pathway enrichment analyses, suggest a role for neuron death, apoptosis, and DNA damage response mechanisms in the susceptibility to obesity across the life-course. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific and life-course effects in the genetic regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena R. Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katherine A. Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eugene J. Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Mörseburg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Carnie
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Building, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Guido Zagnoli-Vieira
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Fabio Puddu
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Building, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Dearden
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lucas C. Pantaleão
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R.B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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18
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Amin A, Badenes M, Tüshaus J, de Carvalho É, Burbridge E, Faísca P, Trávníčková K, Barros A, Carobbio S, Domingos PM, Vidal-Puig A, Moita LF, Maguire S, Stříšovský K, Ortega FJ, Fernández-Real JM, Lichtenthaler SF, Adrain C. Semaphorin 4B is an ADAM17-cleaved adipokine that inhibits adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101731. [PMID: 37121509 PMCID: PMC10197113 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metalloprotease ADAM17 (also called TACE) plays fundamental roles in homeostasis by shedding key signaling molecules from the cell surface. Although its importance for the immune system and epithelial tissues is well-documented, little is known about the role of ADAM17 in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ADAM17 expression, specifically in adipose tissues, on metabolic homeostasis. METHODS We used histopathology, molecular, proteomic, transcriptomic, in vivo integrative physiological and ex vivo biochemical approaches to determine the impact of adipose tissue-specific deletion of ADAM17 upon adipocyte and whole organism metabolic physiology. RESULTS ADAM17adipoq-creΔ/Δ mice exhibited a hypermetabolic phenotype characterized by elevated energy consumption and increased levels of adipocyte thermogenic gene expression. On a high fat diet, these mice were more thermogenic, while exhibiting elevated expression levels of genes associated with lipid oxidation and lipolysis. This hypermetabolic phenotype protected mutant mice from obesogenic challenge, limiting weight gain, hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, a key regulator of adipocyte physiology, triggered the shedding of ADAM17 substrates, and regulated ADAM17 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, hence identifying a functional connection between thermogenic licensing and the regulation of ADAM17. Proteomic studies identified Semaphorin 4B (SEMA4B), as a novel ADAM17-shed adipokine, whose expression is regulated by physiological thermogenic cues, that acts to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and dampen thermogenic responses in adipocytes. Transcriptomic data showed that cleaved SEMA4B acts in an autocrine manner in brown adipocytes to repress the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid uptake, storage and catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a novel ADAM17-dependent axis, regulated by beta-adrenoceptors and mediated by the ADAM17-cleaved form of SEMA4B, that modulates energy balance in adipocytes by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Marina Badenes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Nursing, Polytechnic Institute of Lusofonia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Érika de Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Emma Burbridge
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Květa Trávníčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - André Barros
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Kvido Stříšovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland.
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19
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Faccioli N, Poitou C, Clément K, Dubern B. Current Treatments for Patients with Genetic Obesity. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:108-119. [PMID: 37191347 PMCID: PMC10234057 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity derives from impaired central control of body weight, implying interaction between environment and an individual genetic predisposition. Genetic obesities, including monogenic and syndromic obesities, are rare and complex neuro-endocrine pathologies where the genetic contribution is predominant. Severe and early-onset obesity with eating disorders associated with frequent comorbidities make these diseases challenging. Their current estimated prevalence of 5-10% in severely obese children is probably underestimated due to the limited access to genetic diagnosis. A central alteration of hypothalamic regulation of weight implies that the leptin-melanocortin pathway is responsible for the symptoms. The management of genetic obesity has so far been only based, above all, on lifestyle intervention, especially regarding nutrition and physical activity. New therapeutic options have emerged in the last years for these patients, raising great hope to manage their complex situation and improve quality of life. Implementation of genetic diagnosis in clinical practice is thus of paramount importance to allow individualized care. This review describes the current clinical management of genetic obesity and the evidence on which it is based. Some insights will also be provided into new therapies under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Faccioli
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Paris, France
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20
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Dubern B, Faccioli N, Poitou C, Clément K. Novel therapeutics in rare genetic obesities: A narrative review. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106763. [PMID: 37037398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The better understanding of the molecular causes of rare genetic obesities and its associated phenotype involving the hypothalamus allows today to consider innovative therapeutics focused on hunger control. Several new pharmacological molecules benefit patients with monogenic or syndromic obesity. They are likely to be among the treatment options for these patients in the coming years, helping clinicians and patients prevent rapid weight progression and eventually limit bariatric surgery procedures, which is less effective in these patients. Their positioning in the management of such patients will be needed to be well defined to develop precision medicine in genetic forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dubern
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and other rare obesities (PRADORT), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches, NutriOmics research group, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Nathan Faccioli
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, French Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and other rare obesities (PRADORT), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches, NutriOmics research group, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches, NutriOmics research group, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches, NutriOmics research group, 75013, Paris, France
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21
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Lu Q, Liu Z, Zhao L, Xu L, Liu C, Li L, Cao Y, Li F, Wu L, Wang L, Chen T, You T, Ren L, Wang G, Tang C, Zhu L. Sema7A protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by regulating adipo/lipogenesis. Mol Metab 2023; 70:101698. [PMID: 36842496 PMCID: PMC10009717 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and related diseases are becoming a growing risk for public health around the world due to the westernized lifestyle. Sema7A, an axonal guidance molecule, has been known to play a role in neurite growth, bone formation, and immune regulation. Whether Sema7A participates in obesity and metabolic diseases is unknown. As several SNPs in SEMA7A and its receptors were found to correlate with BMI and metabolic parameters in the human population, we investigated the potential role of Sema7A in obesity and hepatic steatosis. METHODS GWAS and GEPIA database was used to analyze SNPs in SEMA7A and the correlation of Sema7A expression with lipid metabolism related genes. Sema7A-/- mice and recombinant Sema7A (rSema7A) were used to study the role of Sema7A in HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were used to examine the role of Sema7A in adipogenesis, lipogenesis and downstream signaling. RESULTS Deletion of Sema7A aggravated HFD-induced obesity. Sema7A deletion enhanced adipogenesis in both subcutaneous and visceral ADSCs, while the addition of rSema7A inhibited adipogenesis of ADSCs and lipogenesis of differentiated mature adipocytes. Sema7A inhibits adipo/lipogenesis potentially through its receptor integrin β1 and downstream FAK signaling. Importantly, administration of rSema7A had protective effects against diet-induced obesity in mice. In addition, deletion of Sema7A led to increased hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel inhibitory role of Sema7A in obesity and hepatic steatosis, providing a potential new therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Lu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziting Liu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linru Xu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chu Liu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengchan Li
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao You
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Ninth Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Ninth Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Al-Sawaf O, Weiss J, Skrzypski M, Lam JM, Karasaki T, Zambrana F, Kidd AC, Frankell AM, Watkins TBK, Martínez-Ruiz C, Puttick C, Black JRM, Huebner A, Bakir MA, Sokač M, Collins S, Veeriah S, Magno N, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Prymas P, Toncheva A, Ward S, Jayanth N, Salgado R, Bridge CP, Christiani DC, Mak RH, Bay C, Rosenthal M, Sattar N, Welsh P, Liu Y, Perrimon N, Popuri K, Beg MF, McGranahan N, Hackshaw A, Breen DM, O'Rahilly S, Birkbak NJ, Aerts HJWL, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C. Body composition and lung cancer-associated cachexia in TRACERx. Nat Med 2023; 29:846-858. [PMID: 37045997 PMCID: PMC7614477 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer. Key features of CAC include alterations in body composition and body weight. Here, we explore the association between body composition and body weight with survival and delineate potential biological processes and mediators that contribute to the development of CAC. Computed tomography-based body composition analysis of 651 individuals in the TRACERx (TRAcking non-small cell lung Cancer Evolution through therapy (Rx)) study suggested that individuals in the bottom 20th percentile of the distribution of skeletal muscle or adipose tissue area at the time of lung cancer diagnosis, had significantly shorter lung cancer-specific survival and overall survival. This finding was validated in 420 individuals in the independent Boston Lung Cancer Study. Individuals classified as having developed CAC according to one or more features at relapse encompassing loss of adipose or muscle tissue, or body mass index-adjusted weight loss were found to have distinct tumor genomic and transcriptomic profiles compared with individuals who did not develop such features. Primary non-small cell lung cancers from individuals who developed CAC were characterized by enrichment of inflammatory signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transitional pathways, and differentially expressed genes upregulated in these tumors included cancer-testis antigen MAGEA6 and matrix metalloproteinases, such as ADAMTS3. In an exploratory proteomic analysis of circulating putative mediators of cachexia performed in a subset of 110 individuals from TRACERx, a significant association between circulating GDF15 and loss of body weight, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was identified at relapse, supporting the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting GDF15 in the management of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al-Sawaf
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jakob Weiss
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Skrzypski
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jie Min Lam
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew C Kidd
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alexander M Frankell
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas B K Watkins
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James R M Black
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ariana Huebner
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mateo Sokač
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susie Collins
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer UK Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Magno
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Paulina Prymas
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Antonia Toncheva
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sophia Ward
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nick Jayanth
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, ZAS Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David C Christiani
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medicine School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond H Mak
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camden Bay
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rosenthal
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Karteek Popuri
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Danna M Breen
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hugo J W L Aerts
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM & GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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23
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Boitard S, Liaubet L, Paris C, Fève K, Dehais P, Bouquet A, Riquet J, Mercat MJ. Whole-genome sequencing of cryopreserved resources from French Large White pigs at two distinct sampling times reveals strong signatures of convergent and divergent selection between the dam and sire lines. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:13. [PMID: 36864379 PMCID: PMC9979506 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genomic scans for positive selection have been performed in livestock species within the last decade, but often a detailed characterization of the detected regions (gene or trait under selection, timing of selection events) is lacking. Cryopreserved resources stored in reproductive or DNA gene banks offer a great opportunity to improve this characterization by providing direct access to recent allele frequency dynamics, thereby differentiating between signatures from recent breeding objectives and those related to more ancient selection constraints. Improved characterization can also be achieved by using next-generation sequencing data, which helps narrowing the size of the detected regions while reducing the number of associated candidate genes. METHODS We estimated genetic diversity and detected signatures of recent selection in French Large White pigs by sequencing the genomes of 36 animals from three distinct cryopreserved samples: two recent samples from dam (LWD) and sire (LWS) lines, which had diverged from 1995 and were selected under partly different objectives, and an older sample from 1977 prior to the divergence. RESULTS French LWD and LWS lines have lost approximately 5% of the SNPs that segregated in the 1977 ancestral population. Thirty-eight genomic regions under recent selection were detected in these lines and the corresponding selection events were further classified as convergent between lines (18 regions), divergent between lines (10 regions), specific to the dam line (6 regions) or specific to the sire line (4 regions). Several biological functions were found to be significantly enriched among the genes included in these regions: body size, body weight and growth regardless of the category, early life survival and calcium metabolism more specifically in the signatures in the dam line and lipid and glycogen metabolism more specifically in the signatures in the sire line. Recent selection on IGF2 was confirmed and several other regions were linked to a single candidate gene (ARHGAP10, BMPR1B, GNA14, KATNA1, LPIN1, PKP1, PTH, SEMA3E or ZC3HAV1, among others). CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that sequencing the genome of animals at several recent time points generates considerable insight into the traits, genes and variants under recent selection in a population. This approach could be applied to other livestock populations, e.g. by exploiting the rich biological resources stored in cryobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Boitard
- CBGP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France. .,GenPhySE, INRAE, INP, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Laurence Liaubet
- grid.507621.7GenPhySE, INRAE, INP, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cyriel Paris
- grid.507621.7GenPhySE, INRAE, INP, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Katia Fève
- grid.507621.7GenPhySE, INRAE, INP, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Patrice Dehais
- grid.507621.7GenPhySE, INRAE, INP, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alban Bouquet
- IFIP Institut du porc/Alliance R & D, Le Rheu, France
| | - Juliette Riquet
- grid.507621.7GenPhySE, INRAE, INP, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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24
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Paszkowiak M, Dorand MF, Richards J. Case report of PLXNA4 variant associated with hyper-response to phentermine/topiramate pharmacotherapy: Potential genetic basis for superior weight loss response? OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 5:100059. [PMID: 37990741 PMCID: PMC10662083 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Once thought to be primarily a result of lifestyle, it is now known that obesity has significant genetic components. Dozens of genes have been linked to obesity, and office-based genetic testing for obesity-associated genes is now readily available. As both pharmacotherapy and genetic testing for obesity become more accessible, pharmacogenetic personalization is becoming a reality. In this case report, a patient with a PLXNA4 polymorphism had a superior weight loss response to phentermine/topiramate therapy than has previously been reported in the literature. Thus, variants in PLXNA4 may provide a genetic basis for this patient's superior response to weight loss pharmacotherapy and cardiovascular risk factor reduction. Methods In this case study, office-based genetic testing was utilized to identify the presence of variants in nearly 80 genes that have been linked to obesity in a patient who had hyper-responsive weight loss results on phentermine/topiramate pharmacotherapy. Results A variant of the PLXNA4 gene, which has known pathogenic variants linked to genetic obesity syndromes, was identified in this patient who had a superior weight loss response to phentermine/topiramate pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Due to overlapping molecular pathways, it is possible that PLXNA4 variants convey a superior weight-loss response and therefore superior cardiovascular risk factor reduction phentermine/topiramate therapy. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between PLXNA4 variants and weight loss with phentermine/topiramate pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paszkowiak
- University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, 4502 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK, 74135, USA
| | - Madisen Fae Dorand
- University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, 4502 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK, 74135, USA
| | - Jesse Richards
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, 4502 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK, 74135, USA
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25
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Onate-Quiroz KV, Nwosu BU, Salemi P. Novel duplication of the cell adhesion molecule L1-like gene in an individual with cognitive impairment, tall stature, and obesity: A case report. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1104649. [PMID: 37114233 PMCID: PMC10126371 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene that codes for the close homolog of L1 (CHL1 gene) is located in the 3p26.3 cytogenetic band in the distal portion of the 3p chromosome. This gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays an important role in brain formation and plasticity. Complete or partial CHL 1 gene-deficient mice have demonstrated neurocognitive deficits. In humans, mutations of the CHL 1 gene are infrequent with most mutations described in the literature as deletions. This case report describes an individual with a duplication in the CHL 1 and a presentation consistent with a syndromic form of neurocognitive impairment. To the best of our knowledge, this mutation has not been previously described in the literature.
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26
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Guirado J, Carranza-Valencia J, Morante J. Mammalian puberty: a fly perspective. FEBS J 2023; 290:359-369. [PMID: 35607827 PMCID: PMC10084137 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian puberty and Drosophila metamorphosis, despite their evolutionary distance, exhibit similar design principles and conservation of molecular components. In this Viewpoint, we review recent advances in this area and the similarities between both processes in terms of the signaling pathways and neuroendocrine circuits involved. We argue that the detection and uptake of peripheral fat by Drosophila prothoracic endocrine cells induces endomembrane remodeling and ribosomal maturation, leading to the acquisition of high biosynthetic and secretory capacity. The absence of this fat-neuroendocrine interorgan communication leads to giant, obese, non-pupating larvae. Importantly, human leptin is capable of signaling the pupariation process in Drosophila, and its expression prevents obesity and triggers maturation in mutants that do not pupate. This implies that insect metamorphosis can be used to address issues related to the biology of leptin and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guirado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carranza-Valencia
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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27
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Wang C, Song D, Huang Q, Liu Q. Advances in SEMA3F regulation of clinically high-incidence cancers. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:131-142. [PMID: 37599522 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recent years. Its high prevalence has had a severe impact on society. Researchers have achieved fruitful results in the causative factors, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and cancer prevention. Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), a member of the signaling family, was initially reported in the literature to inhibit the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells in lung cancer. Later studies showed it has cancer-inhibiting effects in malignant tumors such as breast, colorectal, ovarian, oral squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and head and neck squamous carcinoma. In contrast, recent studies have reported that SEMA3F is expressed more in hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal tissue and promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. We chose lung, breast, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinomas with high clinical prevalence to review the roles and molecular mechanisms of SEMA3F in these four carcinomas. We concluded with an outlook on clinical interventions for patients targeting SEMA3F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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28
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Loss of hypothalamic Furin affects POMC to proACTH cleavage and feeding behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101627. [PMID: 36374777 PMCID: PMC9664468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hypothalamus regulates feeding and glucose homeostasis through the balanced action of different neuropeptides, which are cleaved and activated by the proprotein convertases PC1/3 and PC2. However, the recent association of polymorphisms in the proprotein convertase FURIN with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, prompted us to investigate the role of FURIN in hypothalamic neurons controlling glucose and feeding. METHODS POMC-Cre+/- mice were bred with Furinfl/fl mice to generate conditional knockout mice with Furin-deletion in neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMCFurKO), and Furinfl/fl mice were used as controls. POMCFurKO and controls were periodically monitored on both normal chow diet and high fat diet (HFD) for body weight and glucose tolerance by established in-vivo procedures. Food intake was measured in HFD-fed FurKO and controls. Hypothalamic Pomc mRNA was measured by RT-qPCR. ELISAs quantified POMC protein and resulting peptides in the hypothalamic extracts of POMCFurKO mice and controls. The in-vitro processing of POMC was studied by biochemical techniques in HEK293T and CHO cell lines lacking FURIN. RESULTS In control mice, Furin mRNA levels were significantly upregulated on HFD feeding, suggesting an increased demand for FURIN activity in obesogenic conditions. Under these conditions, the POMCFurKO mice were hyperphagic and had increased body weight compared to Furinfl/fl mice. Moreover, protein levels of POMC were elevated and ACTH concentrations markedly reduced. Also, the ratio of α-MSH/POMC was decreased in POMCFurKO mice compared to controls. This indicates that POMC processing was significantly reduced in the hypothalami of POMCFurKO mice, highlighting for the first time the involvement of FURIN in the cleavage of POMC. Importantly, we found that in vitro, the first stage in processing where POMC is cleaved into proACTH was achieved by FURIN but not by PC1/3 or the other proprotein convertases in cell lines lacking a regulated secretory pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FURIN processes POMC into proACTH before sorting into the regulated secretory pathway, challenging the dogma that PC1/3 and PC2 are the only convertases responsible for POMC cleavage. Furthermore, its deletion affects feeding behaviors under obesogenic conditions.
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29
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LaPierre MP, Lawler K, Godbersen S, Farooqi IS, Stoffel M. MicroRNA-7 regulates melanocortin circuits involved in mammalian energy homeostasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5733. [PMID: 36175420 PMCID: PMC9522793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate physiological responses by repressing the expression of gene networks. We found that global deletion of microRNA-7 (miR-7), the most enriched miRNA in the hypothalamus, causes obesity in mice. Targeted deletion of miR-7 in Single-minded homolog 1 (Sim1) neurons, a critical component of the hypothalamic melanocortin pathway, causes hyperphagia, obesity and increased linear growth, mirroring Sim1 and Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) haplo-insufficiency in mice and humans. We identified Snca (α-Synuclein) and Igsf8 (Immunoglobulin Superfamily Member 8) as miR-7 target genes that act in Sim1 neurons to regulate body weight and endocrine axes. In humans, MIR-7-1 is located in the last intron of HNRNPK, whose promoter drives the expression of both genes. Genetic variants at the HNRNPK locus that reduce its expression are associated with increased height and truncal fat mass. These findings demonstrate that miR-7 suppresses gene networks involved in the hypothalamic melanocortin pathway to regulate mammalian energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P LaPierre
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Svenja Godbersen
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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30
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Zhang Z, Hao Z, Xian C, Fang Y, Cheng B, Wu J, Xia J. Neuro-bone tissue engineering: Multiple potential translational strategies between nerve and bone. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:1-12. [PMID: 36116724 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Numerous tissue regeneration paradigms show evident neurological dependence, including mammalian fingertip, skin, and bone regeneration. The mature skeleton is innervated by an abundant nervous system that infiltrates the developing axial and appendicular bones and maintains the stability of the systemic skeletal system by controlling blood flow, regulating bone metabolism, secreting neurotransmitters, and regulating stem cell behavior. In recent years, neurotization in tissue-engineered bone has been considered as a promising strategy to effectively overcome the challenge of vascularization and innervation regeneration in the central zone of "critical-sized bone defects" that conventional tissue-engineered scaffolds are unable to handle, however, further validation is needed in relevant clinical applications. Therefore, this study reviews the mechanisms by which the nervous system regulates bone metabolism and regeneration through a variety of neurogenic or non-neurogenic factors, as well as the recent progress and design strategies of neuralized tissue-engineered bone, to provide new ideas for further studies on subsequent neural bone tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction of nerve and bone tissue during skeletal development and repair has attracted widespread attention, with emerging evidences highlighting the regulation of bone metabolism and regeneration by the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Thus, further applications of neuro-bone tissue engineering still needs careful consideration. In this review, we summarize the numerous neurogenic and non-neurogenic factors which are involved in bone repair and regeneration, and further explore the current status of their application and biomaterial design in neuro-bone tissue engineering, and finally discuss the challenge and prospective for neuro-bone tissue engineering to facilitate its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Caihong Xian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yifen Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Precocious puberty in narcolepsy type 1: Orexin loss and/or neuroinflammation, which is to blame? Sleep Med Rev 2022; 65:101683. [PMID: 36096986 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare neurological sleep disorder triggered by postnatal loss of the orexin/hypocretin neuropeptides. Overweight/obesity and precocious puberty are highly prevalent comorbidities of NT1, with a close temporal correlation with disease onset, suggesting a common origin. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown and merit further investigation. The main question we address in this review is whether the occurrence of precocious puberty in NT1 is due to the lack of orexin/hypocretin or rather to a wider hypothalamic dysfunction in the context of neuroinflammation, which is likely to accompany the disease given its autoimmune origins. Our analysis suggests that the suspected generalized neuroinflammation of the hypothalamus in NT1 would tend to delay puberty rather than hastening it. In contrast, that the brutal loss of orexin/hypocretin would favor an early reactivation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion during the prepubertal period in vulnerable children, leading to early puberty onset. Orexin/hypocretin replacement could thus be envisaged as a potential treatment for precocious puberty in NT1. Additionally, we put forward an alternative hypothesis regarding the concomitant occurrence of sleepiness, weight gain and early puberty in NT1.
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Wang Q, Zhou H, Bu Q, Wei S, Li L, Zhou J, Zhou S, Su W, Liu M, Liu Z, Wang M, Lu L. Role of XBP1 in regulating the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:312-325. [PMID: 35292349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and hepatic inflammation, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) in the progression of NASH. METHODS Human liver tissues obtained from patients with NASH and controls were used to assess XBP1 expression. NASH models were developed in hepatocyte-specific Xbp1 knockout (Xbp1ΔHep), macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout (Xbp1ΔMf), macrophage-specific Nlrp3 knockout, and wild-type (Xbp1FL/FL or Nlrp3FL/FL) mice fed with a high-fat diet for 26 weeks or a methionine/choline-deficient diet for 6 weeks. RESULTS The expression of XBP1 was significantly upregulated in liver samples from patients with NASH. Hepatocyte-specific Xbp1 deficiency inhibited the development of steatohepatitis in mice fed the high-fat or methionine/choline-deficient diets. Meanwhile, macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice developed less severe steatohepatitis and fibrosis than wild-type Xbp1FL/FL mice in response to the high-fat or methionine/choline-deficient diets. Macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice showed M2 anti-inflammatory polarization. Xbp1-deleted macrophages reduced steatohepatitis by decreasing the expression of NLRP3 and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which mediate M2 macrophage polarization in macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice. Steatohepatitis was less severe in macrophage-specific Nlrp3 knockout mice than in wild-type Nlrp3FL/FL mice. Xbp1-deleted macrophages prevented hepatic stellate cell activation by decreasing expression of TGF-β1. Less fibrotic changes were observed in macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice than in wild-type Xbp1FL/FL mice. Inhibition of XBP1 suppressed the development of NASH. CONCLUSION XBP1 regulates the development of NASH. XBP1 inhibitors protect against steatohepatitis. Thus, XBP1 is a potential target for the treatment of NASH. LAY SUMMARY XBP1 is a transcription factor that is upregulated in liver tissues of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Conditional knockout of Xbp1 in hepatocytes resulted in decreased lipid accumulation in mice, while genetic deletion of Xbp1 in macrophages ameliorated nutritional steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 protects against steatohepatitis and fibrosis, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wantong Su
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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The role of ciliopathy-associated type 3 adenylyl cyclase in infanticidal behavior in virgin adult male mice. iScience 2022; 25:104534. [PMID: 35754726 PMCID: PMC9218507 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virgin adult male mice often display killing of alien newborns, defined as infanticide, and this behavior is dependent on olfactory signaling. Olfactory perception is achieved by the main olfactory system (MOS) or vomeronasal system (VNS). Although it has been established that the VNS is crucial for infanticide in male mice, the role of the MOS in infanticide remains unknown. Herein, by producing lesions via ZnSO4 perfusion and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid stereotactic injection, we demonstrated that the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), or ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is crucial for infanticide in adult males. By using CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with adeno-associated viruses to induce specific knockdown of type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) in these tissues, we further demonstrated that AC3, a ciliopathy-associated protein, in the MOE and the expression of related proteins in the AON or VMH are necessary for infanticidal behavior in virgin adult male mice. MOE lesions and knockdown of AC3 in the MOE result in abnormal infanticidal behavior The infanticidal behavior of male mice is impaired by lesioning of the AON or VMH AC3 knockdown in the AON or VMH affects the infanticidal behavior of male mice
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Development of "Hunger Neurons" and the Unanticipated Relationship Between Energy Metabolism and Mother-Infant Interactions. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:907-914. [PMID: 35397878 PMCID: PMC10184517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of a lifetime, the perinatal period plays an outsized role in the function of physiological systems. Here, we discuss how neurons that regulate energy metabolism contribute to the infant's relationship with the mother. We focus our discussion on Agrp neurons, which are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These neurons heavily regulate energy metabolism. Because offspring transition from a period of dependence on the caregiver to independence, we discuss the importance of the caregiver-offspring relationship for the function of Agrp neurons. We present evidence that in the adult, Agrp neurons motivate the animal to eat, while in the neonate, they motivate the offspring to seek the proximity of the caregiver. We specifically highlight the peculiarities in the development of Agrp neurons and how they relate to the regulation of metabolism and behavior over the course of a lifetime. In sum, this review considers the unique insights that ontogenetic studies can offer toward our understanding of complex biological systems, such as the regulation of energy metabolism and mother-infant attachment.
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Bouret SG. Developmental programming of hypothalamic melanocortin circuits. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:403-413. [PMID: 35474338 PMCID: PMC9076880 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system plays a critical role in the central regulation of food intake and energy balance. This system consists of neurons producing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptors (MC4Rs), and the endogenous antagonist agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Pomc and Mc4r deficiency in rodents and humans causes early onset of obesity, whereas a loss of Agrp function is associated with leanness. Accumulating evidence shows that many chronic diseases, including obesity, might originate during early life. The melanocortin system develops during a relatively long period beginning during embryonic life with the birth of POMC and AgRP neurons and continuing postnatally with the assembly of their neuronal circuitry. The development of the melanocortin system requires the tight temporal regulation of molecular factors, such as transcription factors and axon guidance molecules, and cellular mechanisms, such as autophagy. It also involves a complex interplay of endocrine and nutritional factors. The disruption of one or more of these developmental factors can lead to abnormal maturation and function of the melanocortin system and has profound metabolic consequences later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien G Bouret
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Center, UMR-S 1172, Lille, 59000, France.
- University of Lille, FHU 1,000 Days for Health, Lille, 59000, France.
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Abstract
The global prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, is rapidly increasing and has now reached epidemic proportions. Chronic tissue inflammation is a characteristic of these metabolic diseases, indicating that immune responses are closely involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying immunometabolic crosstalk in these diseases are not completely understood. Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted functions of semaphorins, originally identified as axon guidance molecules, in regulating tissue inflammation and metabolic disorders, thereby highlighting the functional coupling between semaphorin signaling and immunometabolism. In this review, we explore how semaphorin signaling transcends beyond merely guiding axons to controlling immune responses and metabolic diseases.
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Furigo IC, Dearden L. Mechanisms mediating the impact of maternal obesity on offspring hypothalamic development and later function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1078955. [PMID: 36619540 PMCID: PMC9813846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1078955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity rates have risen around the world, so to have pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity. Obesity during pregnancy is not only associated with negative health outcomes for the mother and the baby during pregnancy and birth, there is also strong evidence that exposure to maternal obesity causes an increased risk to develop obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Animal models have demonstrated that increased weight gain in offspring exposed to maternal obesity is usually preceded by increased food intake, implicating altered neuronal control of food intake as a likely area of change. The hypothalamus is the primary site in the brain for maintaining energy homeostasis, which it coordinates by sensing whole body nutrient status and appropriately adjusting parameters including food intake. The development of the hypothalamus is plastic and regulated by metabolic hormones such as leptin, ghrelin and insulin, making it vulnerable to disruption in an obese in utero environment. This review will summarise how the hypothalamus develops, how maternal obesity impacts on structure and function of the hypothalamus in the offspring, and the factors that are altered in an obese in utero environment that may mediate the permanent changes to hypothalamic function in exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora C. Furigo
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Dearden
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Laura Dearden,
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past four decades, imposing an enormous burden on people's health. Polygenic (or common) obesity and rare, severe, early-onset monogenic obesity are often polarized as distinct diseases. However, gene discovery studies for both forms of obesity show that they have shared genetic and biological underpinnings, pointing to a key role for the brain in the control of body weight. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with increasing sample sizes and advances in sequencing technology are the main drivers behind a recent flurry of new discoveries. However, it is the post-GWAS, cross-disciplinary collaborations, which combine new omics technologies and analytical approaches, that have started to facilitate translation of genetic loci into meaningful biology and new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J. F. Loos
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Giles S. H. Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Panera N, Mandato C, Crudele A, Bertrando S, Vajro P, Alisi A. Genetics, epigenetics and transgenerational transmission of obesity in children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006008. [PMID: 36452324 PMCID: PMC9704419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-calorie foods have caused a relentless increase of overweight and obesity prevalence at all ages. Its presently epidemic proportion is disquieting due to the tight relationship of obesity with metabolic syndrome and several other comorbidities which do call for urgent workarounds. The usual ineffectiveness of present therapies and failure of prevention campaigns triggered overtime a number of research studies which have unveiled some relevant aspects of obesity genetic and epigenetic inheritable profiles. These findings are revealing extremely precious mainly to serve as a likely extra arrow to allow the clinician's bow to achieve still hitherto unmet preventive goals. Evidence now exists that maternal obesity/overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation convincingly appears associated with several disorders in the offspring independently of the transmission of a purely genetic predisposition. Even the pre-conception direct exposure of either father or mother gametes to environmental factors can reprogram the epigenetic architecture of cells. Such phenomena lie behind the transfer of the obesity susceptibility to future generations through a mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Moreover, a growing number of studies suggests that several environmental factors such as maternal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to excess hormones and endocrine disruptors during pregnancy and the early postnatal period may play critical roles in programming childhood adipose tissue and obesity. A deeper understanding of how inherited genetics and epigenetics may generate an obesogenic environment at pediatric age might strengthen our knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms and improve the clinical management of patients. Therefore, in this narrative review, we attempt to provide a general overview of the contribution of heritable genetic and epigenetic patterns to the obesity susceptibility in children, placing a particular emphasis on the mother-child dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Panera
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Alisi, ; Claudia Mandato,
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bertrando
- Pediatrics Clinic, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salermo, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Alisi, ; Claudia Mandato,
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Leibold S, Bagivalu Lakshminarasimha A, Gremse F, Hammerschmidt M, Michel M. Long-term obesogenic diet leads to metabolic phenotypes which are not exacerbated by catch-up growth in zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267933. [PMID: 35544474 PMCID: PMC9094543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are of increasing global concern. In order to understand the basic biology and etiology of obesity, research has turned to animals across the vertebrate spectrum including zebrafish. Here, we carefully characterize zebrafish in a long-term obesogenic environment as well as zebrafish that went through early lifetime caloric restriction. We found that long-term obesity in zebrafish leads to metabolic endpoints comparable to mammals including increased adiposity, weight, hepatic steatosis and hepatic lesions but not signs of glucose dysregulation or differences in metabolic rate or mitochondrial function. Malnutrition in early life has been linked to an increased likelihood to develop and an exacerbation of metabolic syndrome, however fish that were calorically restricted from five days after fertilization until three to nine months of age did not show signs of an exacerbated phenotype. In contrast, the groups that were shifted later in life from caloric restriction to the obesogenic environment did not completely catch up to the long-term obesity group by the end of our experiment. This dataset provides insight into a slowly exacerbating time-course of obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Leibold
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Gremse-IT GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Juarez-Carreño S, Vallejo DM, Carranza-Valencia J, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Ramon-Cañellas P, Santoro R, de Hartog E, Ferres-Marco D, Romero A, Peterson HP, Ballesta-Illan E, Pineda-Lucena A, Dominguez M, Morante J. Body-fat sensor triggers ribosome maturation in the steroidogenic gland to initiate sexual maturation in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109830. [PMID: 34644570 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat stores are critical for reproductive success and may govern maturation initiation. Here, we report that signaling and sensing fat sufficiency for sexual maturation commitment requires the lipid carrier apolipophorin in fat cells and Sema1a in the neuroendocrine prothoracic gland (PG). Larvae lacking apolpp or Sema1a fail to initiate maturation despite accruing sufficient fat stores, and they continue gaining weight until death. Mechanistically, sensing peripheral body-fat levels via the apolipophorin/Sema1a axis regulates endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum remodeling, and ribosomal maturation for the acquisition of the PG cells' high biosynthetic and secretory capacity. Downstream of apolipophorin/Sema1a, leptin-like upd2 triggers the cessation of feeding and initiates sexual maturation. Human Leptin in the insect PG substitutes for upd2, preventing obesity and triggering maturation downstream of Sema1a. These data show how peripheral fat levels regulate the control of the maturation decision-making process via remodeling of endomembranes and ribosomal biogenesis in gland cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Juarez-Carreño
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diana Marcela Vallejo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carranza-Valencia
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Pol Ramon-Cañellas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Roberto Santoro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emily de Hartog
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dolors Ferres-Marco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Aitana Romero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Hannah Payette Peterson
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Ballesta-Illan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Programa de Terapias Moleculares, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Dominguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.
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Courbage S, Poitou C, Le Beyec-Le Bihan J, Karsenty A, Lemale J, Pelloux V, Lacorte JM, Carel JC, Lecomte N, Storey C, De Filippo G, Coupaye M, Oppert JM, Tounian P, Clément K, Dubern B. Implication of Heterozygous Variants in Genes of the Leptin-Melanocortin Pathway in Severe Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2991-3006. [PMID: 34097736 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Unlike homozygous variants, the implication of heterozygous variants on the leptin-melanocortin pathway in severe obesity has not been established. OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency, the phenotype, and the genotype-phenotype relationship for heterozygous variants in LEP, LEPR, POMC, and PCSK1 in severe obesity. METHODS In this retrospective study, genotyping was performed on at least 1 of the LEP, LEPR, POMC, and PCSK1 genes in 1486 probands with severe obesity (600 children, 886 adults). The phenotype was collected in 60 subjects with heterozygous variants and 16 with homozygous variants. We analyzed variant frequency, body mass index (BMI), age of obesity onset, food impulsivity, and endocrine abnormalities. RESULTS The frequency of subjects with homozygous variants was 1.7% (n = 26), and 6.7% (n = 100) with heterozygous variants. Adults with homozygous variants had a higher BMI (66 vs 53 kg/m2, P = .015), an earlier onset of obesity (0.4 vs 5.4 years, P < .001), more often food impulsivity (83% vs 42%, P = .04), and endocrine abnormalities (75% vs 26%, P < .01). The BMI was higher for subjects with high-impact heterozygous variants (61 vs 50 kg/m², P = .045) and those with a second heterozygous variant on the pathway (65 vs 49 kg/m², P < .01). In children, no significant differences were found for the age of obesity onset and BMI. CONCLUSION Heterozygous variants in LEP, LEPR, POMC, and PCSK1 are frequent in severe obesity and sometimes associated with a phenotype close to that of homozygotes. These data suggest a systematic search for variants in severe early-onset obesity, to discuss therapy that targets this key pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Courbage
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec-Le Bihan
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Endocrine and Oncological Biochemistry Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Karsenty
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lemale
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lacorte
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Endocrine and Oncological Biochemistry Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- Université de Paris, F-75019, Paris, France; AP-HP.Nord Université de Paris. Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lecomte
- Université de Paris, F-75019, Paris, France; AP-HP.Nord Université de Paris. Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Storey
- Université de Paris, F-75019, Paris, France; AP-HP.Nord Université de Paris. Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Université de Paris, F-75019, Paris, France; AP-HP.Nord Université de Paris. Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique F-75019, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bicêtre Hospital, Medicine for Adolescents Department, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Explorations Fonctionnelles Department, Louis-Mourier Hospital, Centre Intégré Nord Francilien de l'Obésité (CINFO) and Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS 1149, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tounian
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Reference Centre for Rare Diseases (PRADORT, Prader-Willi Syndrome and other Rare Forms of Obesity with Eating Behavior Disorders), Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
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Freeman AK, Glendining KA, Jasoni CL. Developmental genes controlling neural circuit formation are expressed in the early postnatal hypothalamus and cellular lining of the third ventricle. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13020. [PMID: 34423876 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is central in the regulation of body weight homeostasis through its ability to sense peripheral metabolic signals and relay them, through neural circuits, to other brain areas, ultimately affecting physiological and behavioural changes. The early postnatal development of these neural circuits is critical for normal body weight homeostasis, such that perturbations during this critical period can lead to obesity. The role for peripheral regulators of body weight homeostasis, including leptin, insulin and ghrelin, in this postnatal development is well described, yet some of the fundamental processes underpinning axonal and dendritic growth remain unclear. Here, we hypothesised that molecules known to regulate axonal and dendritic growth processes in other areas of the developing brain would be expressed in the postnatal arcuate nucleus and/or target nuclei where they would function to mediate the development of this circuitry. Using state-of-the-art RNAscope® technology, we have revealed the expression patterns of genes encoding Dcc/Netrin-1, Robo1/Slit1 and Fzd5/Wnt5a receptor/ligand pairs in the early postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We found that individual genes had unique expression patterns across developmental time in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, median eminence and, somewhat unexpectedly, the third ventricle epithelium. These observations indicate a number of new molecular players in the development of neural circuits regulating body weight homeostasis, as well as novel molecular markers of tanycyte heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Katherine Freeman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kelly A Glendining
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dworschak GC, Punetha J, Kalanithy JC, Mingardo E, Erdem HB, Akdemir ZC, Karaca E, Mitani T, Marafi D, Fatih JM, Jhangiani SN, Hunter JV, Dakal TC, Dhabhai B, Dabbagh O, Alsaif HS, Alkuraya FS, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Efthymiou S, Dominik N, Salpietro V, Sultan T, Haider S, Bibi F, Thiele H, Hoefele J, Riedhammer KM, Wagner M, Guella I, Demos M, Keren B, Buratti J, Charles P, Nava C, Héron D, Heide S, Valkanas E, Waddell LB, Jones KJ, Oates EC, Cooper ST, MacArthur D, Syrbe S, Ziegler A, Platzer K, Okur V, Chung WK, O'Shea SA, Alcalay R, Fahn S, Mark PR, Guerrini R, Vetro A, Hudson B, Schnur RE, Hoganson GE, Burton JE, McEntagart M, Lindenberg T, Yilmaz Ö, Odermatt B, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Reutter H. Biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 are implicated in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder with variable cerebral and eye anomalies. Genet Med 2021; 23:1715-1725. [PMID: 34054129 PMCID: PMC8460429 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of PLXNA1 variants on the phenotype of patients with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns and to functionally characterize the zebrafish homologs plxna1a and plxna1b during development. METHODS We assembled ten patients from seven families with biallelic or de novo PLXNA1 variants. We describe genotype-phenotype correlations, investigated the variants by structural modeling, and used Morpholino knockdown experiments in zebrafish to characterize the embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b. RESULTS Shared phenotypic features among patients include global developmental delay (9/10), brain anomalies (6/10), and eye anomalies (7/10). Notably, seizures were predominantly reported in patients with monoallelic variants. Structural modeling of missense variants in PLXNA1 suggests distortion in the native protein. Our zebrafish studies enforce an embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b in the development of the central nervous system and the eye. CONCLUSION We propose that different biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 result in a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome mainly comprising developmental delay, brain, and eye anomalies. We hypothesize that biallelic variants in the extracellular Plexin-A1 domains lead to impaired dimerization or lack of receptor molecules, whereas monoallelic variants in the intracellular Plexin-A1 domains might impair downstream signaling through a dominant-negative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Dworschak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeshurun C Kalanithy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Enrico Mingardo
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Haktan B Erdem
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep C Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhanupriya Dhabhai
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Omar Dabbagh
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa S Alsaif
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, The Children's Hospital Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Haider
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Wah Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farah Bibi
- University Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Demos
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Boris Keren
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Julien Buratti
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Solveig Heide
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Elise Valkanas
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily C Oates
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel MacArthur
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volkan Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A O'Shea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roy Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul R Mark
- Division of Medical Genetics, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital Grand Rapids, New York, MI, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - George E Hoganson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer E Burton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Lindenberg
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Öznur Yilmaz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Odermatt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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De Rosa MC, Glover HJ, Stratigopoulos G, LeDuc CA, Su Q, Shen Y, Sleeman MW, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Altarejos JY, Doege CA. Gene expression atlas of energy balance brain regions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149137. [PMID: 34283813 PMCID: PMC8409984 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance is controlled by interconnected brain regions in the hypothalamus, brainstem, cortex, and limbic system. Gene expression signatures of these regions can help elucidate the pathophysiology underlying obesity. RNA sequencing was conducted on P56 C57BL/6NTac male mice and E14.5 C57BL/6NTac embryo punch biopsies in 16 obesity-relevant brain regions. The expression of 190 known obesity-associated genes (monogenic, rare, and low-frequency coding variants; GWAS; syndromic) was analyzed in each anatomical region. Genes associated with these genetic categories of obesity had localized expression patterns across brain regions. Known monogenic obesity causal genes were highly enriched in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and developing hypothalamus. The obesity-associated genes clustered into distinct “modules” of similar expression profile, and these were distinct from expression modules formed by similar analysis with genes known to be associated with other disease phenotypes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes, autism, breast cancer) in the same energy balance–relevant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and
| | - Hannah J Glover
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qi Su
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology.,Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Department of Medicine.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Institute of Human Nutrition
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition
| | | | - Claudia A Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and.,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Vanacker C, Bouret SG, Giacobini P, Prévot V. [Precocious puberty and neuropilin-1 signaling in GnRH neurons]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:366-371. [PMID: 33908854 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of the species depends on two closely interlinked processes: the correct functioning of the reproductive system, and the balance between the energy needs of an individual and the supply of energy sources through feeding. These two processes are regulated in the hypothalamus, which produces neurohormones that control various physiological functions. Among these neurohormones, GnRH controls not only the maturation and function of the reproductive organs, including the ovaries and the testes, during puberty and in adulthood, but also sexual attraction. Recent evidence suggest that neuropilin-1-mediated signaling in GnRH-synthesizing neurons could be a linchpin that holds together various neuroanatomical, physiological and behavioral adaptations involved in triggering puberty and achieving reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vanacker
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Équipe développement et plasticité du cerveau neuroendocrine, FHU 1 000 jours pour la Santé, Lille Neuroscience et Cognition, UMR-S1172, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien G Bouret
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Équipe développement et plasticité du cerveau neuroendocrine, FHU 1 000 jours pour la Santé, Lille Neuroscience et Cognition, UMR-S1172, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Équipe développement et plasticité du cerveau neuroendocrine, FHU 1 000 jours pour la Santé, Lille Neuroscience et Cognition, UMR-S1172, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Équipe développement et plasticité du cerveau neuroendocrine, FHU 1 000 jours pour la Santé, Lille Neuroscience et Cognition, UMR-S1172, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
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47
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Pancancer Analysis of Neurovascular-Related NRP Family Genes as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5546612. [PMID: 33937395 PMCID: PMC8062179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5546612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurovascular-related genes have been implicated in the development of cancer. Studies have shown that a high expression of neuropilins (NRPs) promotes tumourigenesis and tumour malignancy. Method A multidimensional bioinformatics analysis was performed to examine the relationship between NRP genes and prognostic and pathological features, tumour mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immunological features based on public databases and find the potential prognostic value of NRPs in pancancer. Results Survival analysis revealed that a low NRP1 expression in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), low-grade glioma (LGG), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) was associated with poor prognosis. A high NRP2 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), and mesothelioma (MESO) was associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, NRP1 and NRP2 were associated with TMB and MSI. Subsequent analyses showed that NRP1 and NRP2 were correlated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. Genome-wide association analysis revealed that the NRP1 expression was strongly associated with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), whereas the NRP2 expression was closely associated with BLCA. Ultimately, NRP2 was found to be involved in the development of BLCA. Conclusions Neurovascular-related NRP family genes are significantly correlated with cancer prognosis, TME, and immune infiltration, particularly in BLCA.
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Barbier M, González JA, Houdayer C, Burdakov D, Risold P, Croizier S. Projections from the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to hypothalamic nuclei in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:929-956. [PMID: 32678476 PMCID: PMC7891577 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As stressful environment is a potent modulator of feeding, we seek in the present work to decipher the neuroanatomical basis for an interplay between stress and feeding behaviors. For this, we combined anterograde and retrograde tracing with immunohistochemical approaches to investigate the patterns of projections between the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), well connected to the amygdala, and hypothalamic structures such as the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH), the arcuate (ARH) nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic areas (LHA) known to control feeding and motivated behaviors. We particularly focused our study on afferences to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating-hormone (MCH) and orexin (ORX) neurons characteristics of the ARH and the LHA, respectively. We found light to intense innervation of all these hypothalamic nuclei. We particularly showed an innervation of POMC, AgRP, MCH and ORX neurons by the dorsomedial and dorsolateral divisions of the BNST. Therefore, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the neuroanatomical basis of the stress-related feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
- Department of PsychiatrySeaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Antonio González
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- The Rowett Institute, School of MedicineMedical Sciences and Nutrition, University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Denis Burdakov
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Lab, Institute for Neuroscience, D‐HESTSwiss Federal Institute of Technology / ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre‐Yves Risold
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Sophie Croizier
- University of LausanneCenter for Integrative GenomicsLausanneSwitzerland
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Lippert RN, Hess S, Klemm P, Burgeno LM, Jahans-Price T, Walton ME, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Maternal high-fat diet during lactation reprograms the dopaminergic circuitry in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3761-3776. [PMID: 32510473 DOI: 10.1172/jci134412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal perinatal environment modulates brain formation, and altered maternal nutrition has been linked to the development of metabolic and psychiatric disorders in the offspring. Here, we showed that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) feeding during lactation in mice elicits long-lasting changes in gene expression in the offspring's dopaminergic circuitry. This translated into silencing of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, reduced connectivity to their downstream targets, and reduced stimulus-evoked dopamine (DA) release in the striatum. Despite the attenuated activity of DA midbrain neurons, offspring from mothers exposed to HFD feeding exhibited a sexually dimorphic expression of DA-related phenotypes, i.e., hyperlocomotion in males and increased intake of palatable food and sucrose in females. These phenotypes arose from concomitantly increased spontaneous activity of D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and profoundly decreased D2 MSN projections. Overall, we have unraveled a fundamental restructuring of dopaminergic circuitries upon time-restricted altered maternal nutrition to induce persistent behavioral changes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Lippert
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Hess
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Klemm
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - L M Burgeno
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Jahans-Price
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M E Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Kloppenburg
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEPD), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Klein R, Pasterkamp RJ. Recent advances in inter-cellular interactions during neural circuit assembly. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:25-32. [PMID: 33383489 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuit assembly is regulated by inter-cellular interactions involving secreted and surface-tethered guidance molecules. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of their mechanisms-of-action and biological effects. We discuss mechanisms through which the secreted cue Netrin-1 regulates neuron migration and highlight novel roles for axon-derived secreted guidance cues. We cover recent structural work at atomic resolution that provides new insights into the activation mechanisms of axon guidance receptors and into protein complexes containing cell adhesion molecules, such as Teneurin (Ten), Latrophilin (Lphn) and FLRT. Ten-Ten homophilic, Ten-Lphn heterophilic, and Ten-Lphn-FLRT tripartite complexes seem to elicit distinct context-dependent cellular responses. Seemingly opposite responses can also be triggered by the Eph/ephrin signaling system. Here, recent work provides a simple mechanism for the decision of forming a new synapse versus rejection of the pre-synaptic partner. These studies identify novel regulatory mechanisms and biological functions that will apply generally in developing neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Klein
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ronald Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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