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Vargas MH, Chávez J, Del-Razo-Rodríguez R, Muñoz-Perea C, Romo-Domínguez KJ, Báez-Saldaña R, Rumbo-Nava U, Guerrero-Zúñiga S. Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11566. [PMID: 38773199 PMCID: PMC11109244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a worrying scarcity of drug options for patients with severe COVID-19. Glycine possesses anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, endothelium-protective, and platelet-antiaggregant properties, so its use in these patients seems promising. In this open label, controlled clinical trial, inpatients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation randomly received usual care (control group) or usual care plus 0.5 g/kg/day glycine by the enteral route (experimental group). Major outcomes included mortality, time to weaning from mechanical ventilation, total time on mechanical ventilation, and time from study recruitment to death. Secondary outcomes included laboratory tests and serum cytokines. Patients from experimental (n = 33) and control groups (n = 23) did not differ in basal characteristics. There were no differences in mortality (glycine group, 63.6% vs control group, 52.2%, p = 0.60) nor in any other major outcome. Glycine intake was associated with lower fibrinogen levels, either evaluated per week of follow-up (p < 0.05 at weeks 1, 2, and 4) or as weighted mean during the whole hospitalization (608.7 ± 17.7 mg/dl vs control 712.2 ± 25.0 mg/dl, p = 0.001), but did not modify any other laboratory test or cytokine concentration. In summary, in severe COVID-19 glycine was unable to modify major clinical outcomes, serum cytokines or most laboratory tests, but was associated with lower serum fibrinogen concentration.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04443673, 23/06/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Jaime Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosangela Del-Razo-Rodríguez
- Servicio Clínico de Neumología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Perea
- Servicio de Urgencias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina Julieta Romo-Domínguez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Renata Báez-Saldaña
- Servicio Clínico 3, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Uriel Rumbo-Nava
- Servicio Clínico 3, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Selene Guerrero-Zúñiga
- Unidad de Medicina del Sueño, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
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Bayram H, Konyalilar N, Elci MA, Rajabi H, Tuşe Aksoy G, Mortazavi D, Kayalar Ö, Dikensoy Ö, Taborda-Barata L, Viegi G. Issue 4-Impact of air pollution on COVID-19 mortality and morbidity: An epidemiological and mechanistic review. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(24)00051-5. [PMID: 38755091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a major global environment and health concern. Recent studies have suggested an association between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality and morbidity. In this context, a close association between increased levels of air pollutants such as particulate matter ≤2.5 to 10 µM, ozone and nitrogen dioxide and SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospital admissions and mortality due to COVID 19 has been reported. Air pollutants can make individuals more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection by inducing the expression of proteins such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2 and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) that are required for viral entry into the host cell, while causing impairment in the host defence system by damaging the epithelial barrier, muco-ciliary clearance, inhibiting the antiviral response and causing immune dysregulation. The aim of this review is to report the epidemiological evidence on impact of air pollutants on COVID 19 in an up-to-date manner, as well as to provide insights on in vivo and in vitro mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bayram
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Tuşe Aksoy
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgecan Kayalar
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Öner Dikensoy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis Taborda-Barata
- UBIAir - Clinical and Experimental Lung Centre UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Su L, Lou Y, Li J, Mao H, Li J, Sun Y, Zhou B, Wu G, Huang C, Zhang Y, Chen K. Influence of storage solution, temperature, assay time and concentration on RT-qPCR nucleic acid detection for SARS-CoV-2 detection of SARS-CoV-2 by the RT-qPCR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149726. [PMID: 38493747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an important method for the early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated the effects of storage solution, temperature and detection time on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid detection by RT-qPCR. Various concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 were added to inactive and non-inactive storage solution and the viral suspensions were stored at various temperatures (room temperature, 4, -20 and -80 °C). Then, at five different detection time points, the Ct values were determined by RT-qPCR. Active and inactive storage solutions and storage temperature have a great impact on the detection of N gene of SARS-CoV-2 at different concentration corridors but have little impact on the ORF gene. The storage time has a greater impact on the N gene and ORF gene at high concentrations but has no effect on the two genes at low concentrations. In conclusion, storage temperature, storage time and storage status (inactivated, non-inactivated) have no effect on the nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 at the same concentration. For different concentrations of SARS-CoV-2, the detection of N gene is mainly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biaofeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangshang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Keda Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
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Milwid RM, Gabriele-Rivet V, Ogden NH, Turgeon P, Fazil A, London D, de Montigny S, Rees EE. A methodology for estimating SARS-CoV-2 importation risk by air travel into Canada between July and November 2021. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1088. [PMID: 38641571 PMCID: PMC11027292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating rates of disease importation by travellers is a key activity to assess both the risk to a country from an infectious disease emerging elsewhere in the world and the effectiveness of border measures. We describe a model used to estimate the number of travellers infected with SARS-CoV-2 into Canadian airports in 2021, and assess the impact of pre-departure testing requirements on importation risk. METHODS A mathematical model estimated the number of essential and non-essential air travellers infected with SARS-CoV-2, with the latter requiring a negative pre-departure test result. The number of travellers arriving infected (i.e. imported cases) depended on air travel volumes, SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk in the departure country, prior infection or vaccine acquired immunity, and, for non-essential travellers, screening from pre-departure molecular testing. Importation risk was estimated weekly from July to November 2021 as the number of imported cases and percent positivity (PP; i.e. imported cases normalised by travel volume). The impact of pre-departure testing was assessed by comparing three scenarios: baseline (pre-departure testing of all non-essential travellers; most probable importation risk given the pre-departure testing requirements), counterfactual scenario 1 (no pre-departure testing of fully vaccinated non-essential travellers), and counterfactual scenario 2 (no pre-departure testing of non-essential travellers). RESULTS In the baseline scenario, weekly imported cases and PP varied over time, ranging from 145 to 539 cases and 0.15 to 0.28%, respectively. Most cases arrived from the USA, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and France. While modelling suggested that essential travellers had a higher weekly PP (0.37 - 0.65%) than non-essential travellers (0.12 - 0.24%), they contributed fewer weekly cases (62 - 154) than non-essential travellers (84 - 398 per week) given their lower travel volume. Pre-departure testing was estimated to reduce imported cases by one third (counterfactual scenario 1) to one half (counterfactual scenario 2). CONCLUSIONS The model results highlighted the weekly variation in importation by traveller group (e.g., reason for travel and country of departure) and enabled a framework for measuring the impact of pre-departure testing requirements. Quantifying the contributors of importation risk through mathematical simulation can support the design of appropriate public health policy on border measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Milwid
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Gabriele-Rivet
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
- Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicholas H Ogden
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Turgeon
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Aamir Fazil
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David London
- Physique Des Particules, Université de Montréal, Faculté Des Arts Et Des Sciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon de Montigny
- Emergency Management Branch, Global Public Health Intelligence Network Tiger Team, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E Rees
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Hedayati-Ch M, Ebrahim-Saraie HS, Bakhshi A. Clinical and immunological comparison of COVID-19 disease between critical and non-critical courses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341168. [PMID: 38690274 PMCID: PMC11058842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in 2019, has been classified as critical and non-critical according to clinical signs and symptoms. Critical patients require mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, whereas non-critical patients require neither mechanical ventilation nor ICU admission. Several factors have been recently identified as effective factors, including blood cell count, enzymes, blood markers, and underlying diseases. By comparing blood markers, comorbidities, co-infections, and their relationship with mortality, we sought to determine differences between critical and non-critical groups. Method We used Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for our systematic search. Inclusion criteria include any report describing the clinical course of COVID-19 patients and showing the association of the COVID-19 clinical courses with blood cells, blood markers, and bacterial co-infection changes. Twenty-one publications were eligible for full-text examination between 2019 to 2021. Result The standard difference in WBC, lymphocyte, and platelet between the two clinical groups was 0.538, -0.670, and -0.421, respectively. Also, the standard difference between the two clinical groups of CRP, ALT, and AST was 0.482, 0.402, and 0.463, respectively. The odds ratios for hypertension and diabetes were significantly different between the two groups. The prevalence of co-infection also in the critical group is higher. Conclusion In conclusion, our data suggest that critical patients suffer from a suppressed immune system, and the inflammation level, the risk of organ damage, and co-infections are significantly high in the critical group and suggests the use of bacteriostatic instead of bactericides to treat co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Hedayati-Ch
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Microbial Toxins, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Microbial Toxins Physiology Group (MTPG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Microbial Toxins, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Bakhshi
- Member of Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Tomazini BM, Tramujas L, Medrado FA, Gomes SPDC, Negrelli KL, Murinize GS, Santos RHN, Vianna BMP, Piotto BF, Veiga TS, do Santos BR, Peneluppi Horak AC, Lemos OMC, Lopes MDA, Olicheski BB, Campones DL, Peixoto LAA, Basilio ADAC, Gebara OCE, Lopes ATA, Saconato H, Valeis N, Miranda TA, Laranjeira LN, Santucci EV, Carlin AF, Esko JD, Gordts PLSM, Tsimikas S, Cavalcanti AB. Halofuginone for non-hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 a multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. The HALOS trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299197. [PMID: 38394069 PMCID: PMC10889621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halofuginone (PJS-539) is an oral prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor that has a potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. The safety and efficacy of halofuginone in Covid-19 patients has not been studied. METHODS We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging, safety and tolerability trial of halofuginone in symptomatic (≤ 7 days), mostly vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive halofuginone 0.5mg, 1mg or placebo orally once daily for 10 days. The primary outcome was the decay rate of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load logarithmic curve within 10 days after randomization. RESULTS From September 25, 2021, to February 3, 2022, 153 patients were randomized. The mean decay rate in SARS-CoV-2 viral load log10 within 10 days was -3.75 (95% CI, -4.11; -3.19) in the placebo group, -3.83 (95% CI, -4.40; -2.27) in the halofuginone 0.5mg group and -4.13 (95% CI, -4.69; -3.57) in the halofuginone 1mg group, with no statistically significant difference in between placebo vs. halofuginone 0.5mg (mean difference -0.08; 95% CI -0.82 to 0.66, p = 0.96) and between placebo vs. halofuginone 1mg (mean difference -0.38; 95% CI, -1.11; 0.36, p = 0.41). There was no difference on bleeding episodes or serious adverse events at 28 days. CONCLUSIONS Among non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19 halofuginone treatment was safe and well tolerated but did not decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load decay rate within 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martins Tomazini
- Hcor Research Institute, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Brazilian Research in Intensive Care Network (BRICNet), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Foster Carlin
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey David Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Phillip Leo Stephan Marie Gordts
- Department of Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti
- Hcor Research Institute, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Brazilian Research in Intensive Care Network (BRICNet), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Obeidat M, Abu Zahra A, Alsattari F. Prevalence and characteristics of long COVID-19 in Jordan: A cross sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295969. [PMID: 38277361 PMCID: PMC10817197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early in the pandemic, the spread of the emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 was causing mild illness lasting less than two weeks for most people, with a small proportion of people developing serious illness or death. However, as the pandemic progressed, many people reported suffering from symptoms for weeks or months after their initial infection. Persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond one month, or what is known as long COVID-19, is recognized as a risk of acute infection. Up to date, information on long COVID-19 among Jordanian patients has not been reported. Therefore, we sought to conduct this cross-sectional study utilizing a self-administered survey. The survey asks a series of questions regarding participant demographics, long COVID-19 symptoms, information about pre-existing medical history, supplements, vaccination history, and symptoms recorded after vaccination. Chi square analysis was conducted on 990 responders, and the results showed a significant correlation (P<0.05) between long COVID-19 syndrome and age, obesity, chronic illness, vitamin D intake, number of times infected by COVID-19, number of COVID-19 symptoms and whether the infection was pre or post vaccination. The long-term symptoms most enriched in those with long COVID-19 were tinnitus (73.4%), concentration problems (68.6%) and muscle and joint ache (68.3%).A binomial logistic regression analysis was done to explore the predictors of long COVID-19 and found that age 18-45, marital status, vitamin D, number of COVID-19 symptoms and signs after vaccination are positive predictors of long COVID-19, while zinc intake is a negative predictor. Although further studies on long-term persistence of symptoms are needed, the present study provides a baseline that allows us to understand the frequency and nature of long COVID-19 among Jordanians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Obeidat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdulmalek Abu Zahra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Farah Alsattari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Anand A, Long C, Chandran K. NYC metropolitan wastewater reveals links between SARS-CoV-2 amino acid mutations and disease outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:167971. [PMID: 37914132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Since late 2020, diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants with enhanced infectivity and transmissibility have emerged. In contrast to the focus on amino acid mutations in the spike protein, mutations in non-spike proteins and their associated impacts remain relatively understudied. New York City metropolitan wastewater revealed over 60 % of the most frequently occurring amino acid mutations in regions outside the spike protein. Strikingly, ~50 % of the mutations detected herein remain uncharacterized for functional impacts. Our results suggest that there are several understudied mutations within non-spike proteins N, ORF1a, ORF1b, ORF9b, and ORF9c, that could increase transmissibility, and infectivity among human populations. We also demonstrate significant correlations of P314L, D614G, T95I, G50E, G50R, G204R, R203K, G662S, P10S, and P13L with documented mortality rates, hospitalization rates, and percent positivity suggesting that amino acid mutations are likely to be indicators of COVID-19 infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Anand
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Chenghua Long
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.
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Pugliesi A, Sachetto Z, de Medeiros Pinheiro M, Salviato Pileggi G, Sarot Pereira da Cunha G, Hajar FN, Marques Negrisolli Cunha ML, Henrique da Mota LM, Lopes Marques CD, Kakehasi AM, Rodrigues Ferreira WH, Araújo NC, Monteiro Gomides Reis AP, Rodrigues de Abreu Vieira RM, Ferreira GA, Danowski A, de Souza VA, Soares Egypto de Brito DC, Dos Santos Paiva E, Provenza JR, Feijó Azevedo V. How Did Patients Living With Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases Face the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil? Results of the COnVIDa Study. J Clin Rheumatol 2024; 30:e29-e33. [PMID: 35699528 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought additional burden to patients living with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs), especially at the beginning of 2020, for which information for this population is lacking. METHODS COnVIDa is a cross-sectional study on patients with IMRD from all regions of Brazil who were invited to answer a specific and customized Web questionnaire about how they were facing the COVID-19 pandemic, especially focusing on health care access, use of medications, and patient-reported outcomes related to IMRD activity. The questionnaire was applied from June 1 to 30, 2020. RESULTS In total, 1722 of 2576 patients who answered the Web questionnaire were included in the final analysis. Participants were most frequently women, 56% were between 31 and 50 years old, and most (55%) has private health insurance. The most commonly reported IMRD was rheumatoid arthritis (39%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (28%). During the study period, 30.7% did not have access to rheumatology consultations, and 17.6% stopped chronic medications. Telemedicine was reported in 44.8% of patients. CONCLUSION COnVIDa demonstrated a negative impact on health care access and treatment maintenance of patients living with IMRD during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it also presented an uptake of telemedicine strategies. Data presented in this study may assist future coping policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Pugliesi
- From the Reumatologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas
| | - Zoraida Sachetto
- From the Reumatologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nafice Costa Araújo
- Reumatologia, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo-IAMSPE, São Paulo
| | | | | | - Gilda Aparecida Ferreira
- Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
| | - Adriana Danowski
- Reumatologia, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado-RJ, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | | | - José Roberto Provenza
- Reumatologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Koichubekov B, Takuadina A, Korshukov I, Sorokina M, Turmukhambetova A. The Epidemiological and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan: An Agent-Based Modeling. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2968. [PMID: 37998460 PMCID: PMC10671669 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to assess how effective the preventative measures taken by the state authorities during the pandemic were in terms of public health protection and the rational use of material and human resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized a stochastic agent-based model for COVID-19's spread combined with the WHO-recommended COVID-ESFT version 2.0 tool for material and labor cost estimation. RESULTS Our long-term forecasts (up to 50 days) showed satisfactory results with a steady trend in the total cases. However, the short-term forecasts (up to 10 days) were more accurate during periods of relative stability interrupted by sudden outbreaks. The simulations indicated that the infection's spread was highest within families, with most COVID-19 cases occurring in the 26-59 age group. Government interventions resulted in 3.2 times fewer cases in Karaganda than predicted under a "no intervention" scenario, yielding an estimated economic benefit of 40%. CONCLUSION The combined tool we propose can accurately forecast the progression of the infection, enabling health organizations to allocate specialists and material resources in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berik Koichubekov
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol St. 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Aliya Takuadina
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol St. 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Ilya Korshukov
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol St. 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Sorokina
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol St. 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Anar Turmukhambetova
- Institute of Life Sciences, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol St. 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan;
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11
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Du Y, Wu T, Zhou W, Li C, Ding C, Chen P, Xie H, Qu J. Cicada Wing-Inspired Transparent Polystyrene Film Integrating Self-Cleaning, Antifogging, and Antibacterial Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46538-46549. [PMID: 37729522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
A transparent film integrating antifouling, antifogging, and antibacterial properties is crucial for its application as a protective mask, goggles, or lens. Herein, applying dynamic injection molding coupled with a bionic gradient template, a fast and efficient method is proposed for the preparation of the bionic polystyrene surface (BNPPS) with a cicada wing-inspired nanopillar structure. The contact angle of the BNPPS film increases continuously along the wing vein, while the sliding angle decreases continuously, mimicking the gradient wetting state of a cicada wing and providing excellent self-propelled removal properties for tiny water droplets. Notably, the BNPPS film has a transmittance higher than 90% and a reflectivity lower than 5% in the visible light range. Dyeing water, milk, juice, cola, and ink can slide smoothly from the BNPPS film surface without leaving any residue. Importantly, the nanopillars on the BNPPS film surface can penetrate and kill most of the Escherichia coli within 20 min. Therefore, the prepared BNPPS film with sufficient mechanical strength gathers the unique properties of the cicada wing together. The proposed research is expected to offer valuable guidance for fabricating self-cleaning, antifogging, and antibacterial optical devices that could be utilized in medical and vision systems operating in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Weilong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Kingfa Science and Technology Co., LTD., Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Kingfa Science and Technology Co., LTD., Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingxu Chen
- Kingfa Science and Technology Co., LTD., Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jinping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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12
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Chlabicz M, Szum-Jakubowska A, Sowa P, Chlabicz M, Sołomacha S, Kiszkiel Ł, Minarowski Ł, Guziejko K, Laskowski PP, Moniuszko-Malinowska AM, Kamiński KA. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Self-Reported Health Status and Smoking and Drinking Habits in the General Urban Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6241. [PMID: 37834884 PMCID: PMC10573656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic created a significant crisis in global health. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-rated health status and smoking and alcohol habits. The Bialystok PLUS cohort study was conducted in 2018-2022. A total of 1222 randomly selected city residents were examined and divided into two groups: before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants' lifestyle habits and medical history were collected from self-reported questionnaires. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were used to assess the degree of alcohol and nicotine dependence. The survey revealed a reduced frequency of reported allergies vs. an increased frequency of reported sinusitis and asthma; increased incidence of declared hypercholesterolemia and visual impairment; a reduced number of cigarettes smoked per day, lower FTND score, and a greater desire to quit smoking in the next six months; and an increase in hs-CRP and FeNO levels in the population during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic population. The COVID-19 pandemic had a measurable impact on the general population's prevalence of certain medical conditions and lifestyle habits. Further research should continue to examine the long-term health implications of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.-J.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Szum-Jakubowska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.-J.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Paweł Sowa
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.-J.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.-J.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sebastian Sołomacha
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.-J.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Łukasz Kiszkiel
- Society and Cognition Unit, Institute of Sociology, University of Bialystok, 15-420 Bialystok, Poland; (Ł.K.); (P.P.L.)
| | - Łukasz Minarowski
- 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (Ł.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Guziejko
- 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (Ł.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Piotr P. Laskowski
- Society and Cognition Unit, Institute of Sociology, University of Bialystok, 15-420 Bialystok, Poland; (Ł.K.); (P.P.L.)
| | - Anna M. Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Karol A. Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.-J.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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13
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Gedefie A, Birara T, Misganaw S, Bambo GM, Kebede SS, Tilahun M, Mohammed O, Kassa Y, Bisetegn H, Alemayehu E. Clinical profiles, epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients in North-eastern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002285. [PMID: 37729157 PMCID: PMC10511068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a rapidly emerging global health threat and economic disaster. The epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia are scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to assess clinical profiles, epidemiological characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and to identify determinants of the disease outcome among COVID-19 patients in North-eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in North-eastern Ethiopia, from May 2020 to Jan 2022 on a total of 364 SARS-COV-2 infected patients. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the medical records of patients. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with the mortality of COVID-19 patients and variables with a P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULT Among 364 COVID-19 patients included in this study, two-thirds (68.1%) were males with a median age of 34 years. The majority; 42.9% & 33.0% respectively cases were detected at the health facility and community level surveillance. Furthermore, 6.6% of patients had pre-existing comorbidities of which diabetes mellitus (23.1%) and hypertension (15.3%) had the highest frequency. The symptomatic rate of COVID-19 patients was 30.5%. The most common clinical presentations were cough (26.9%), fever (26.1%), and shortness of breath (15.2%). Moreover, the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients was 4.1% which was independently predicted by a history of underlining co-morbidity (AHR:6.09; 95%CI:1.299-28.56; P = 0.022) and a history of severe or critical conditions (AHR 11.8; 95%CI:4.89-28.83; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Severe or critical acute COVID-19 and underlining comorbidities are associated with higher mortality. Therefore, critical follow-up and management should be given to patients with underlying diseases is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Birara
- Department of Information System, College of Informatics, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Misganaw
- Department of Information System, College of Informatics, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Mesfin Bambo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Sahile Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ousman Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshimebet Kassa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtye Bisetegn
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ermiyas Alemayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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14
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Vaňková L, Bufka J, Křížková V. Pathophysiological and clinical point of view on Kawasaki disease and MIS-C. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:495-504. [PMID: 37453902 PMCID: PMC10286520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This article compares two important pathophysiological states, Kawasaki disease, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome, in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C). Both occur predominantly in children, have a temporal association with an infectious agent, and are associated with immune-system alteration and systemic inflammation under certain circumstances. The two share common pathophysiology, including enhancement of interleukin-1 neutrophils, activation of the inflammasome, pyroptosis, or NETosis. Moreover, the clinical presentation of the diseases overlaps. However, they are indeed two separate diseases, proven by the differences in the epidemiological and etiological aspects and the pathophysiological processes involved in the development and frequency of some clinical signs. This article highlights potentially exciting areas that have not yet been studied in detail, which could help better understand the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vaňková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Bufka
- Department of Pediatrics, Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Křížková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
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15
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Chaney BH, Stellefson ML, Opp M, Allard M, Chaney JD, Lovett K. COVID-19 Health Education Activities: An Analysis of a National Sample of Certified Health Educations Specialists (CHES ®/MCHES ®) in Response to the Global Pandemic. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231184447. [PMID: 37466076 PMCID: PMC10357328 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231184447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The National Commission of Health Education Credentialing, Inc. (NCHEC) created the Category 1 COVID-19 Claim Form Opportunity to document how Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES®) and Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES®) assisted communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data submitted by CHES®/MCHES® (n = 3,098 claim forms), the purpose of this study was to (a) describe the settings where CHES® and MCHES® completed their pandemic work and (b) assess differences in the type of pandemic work completed by CHES® compared with MCHES® based on specific Areas of Responsibility (AOR) for Health Education Specialists. Findings showed that CHES® and MCHES® engaged in seven AOR during the pandemic, with the largest proportion of CHES® (n = 859; 33%) and MCHES® (n = 105; 21.9%, documenting COVID-19-related activities in health departments. CHES® reported higher engagement than MCHES® in activities such as COVID-19 reporting/tracking, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 27.3, p < .001; outbreak response, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 4.3, p = .039; and vaccination, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 5.2, p = .023. Conversely, MCHES® reported higher participation than CHES® in screening/testing, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 174.2, p < .001; administration of budgets/operations, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 30.1, p < .001; and adapting educational activities at college/universities, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 46.1, p < .001. CHES® were more likely than MCHES® to indicate working in all AOR except for Area 2-Plan Health Education/Promotion. Results support that employer-verified health education skills in all AOR were transferable during COVID-19, especially for CHES® employed within state/county health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa Opp
- National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Whitehall, PA, USA
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16
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Wang J, Xie Q, Song H, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li N, Fan K, Wang X. Utilizing nanozymes for combating COVID-19: advancements in diagnostics, treatments, and preventative measures. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:200. [PMID: 37344839 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses significant challenges to global public health. Despite the extensive efforts of researchers worldwide, there remains considerable opportunities for improvement in timely diagnosis, specific treatment, and effective vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. This is due, in part, to the large number of asymptomatic carriers, rapid virus mutations, inconsistent confinement policies, untimely diagnosis and limited clear treatment plans. The emerging of nanozymes offers a promising approach for combating SARS-CoV-2 due to their stable physicochemical properties and high surface areas, which enable easier and multiple nano-bio interactions in vivo. Nanozymes inspire the development of sensitive and economic nanosensors for rapid detection, facilitate the development of specific medicines with minimal side effects for targeted therapy, trigger defensive mechanisms in the form of vaccines, and eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in the environment for prevention. In this review, we briefly present the limitations of existing countermeasures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We then reviewed the applications of nanozyme-based platforms in the fields of diagnostics, therapeutics and the prevention in COVID-19. Finally, we propose opportunities and challenges for the further development of nanozyme-based platforms for COVID-19. We expect that our review will provide valuable insights into the new emerging and re-emerging infectious pandemic from the perspective of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qingpeng Xie
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Haoyue Song
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Hao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huifei Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Na Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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17
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Samaee HR, Eslami G, Rahimzadeh G, Saeedi M, Davoudi Badabi A, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A, Roozbeh F, Moosazadeh M, Ghasemian R, Alikhani A, Rezai MS. Inhalation phage therapy as a new approach to preventing secondary bacterial pneumonia in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A double-blind clinical trial study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 84:104486. [PMID: 37123173 PMCID: PMC10116154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation phage therapy is proposed as a replacement approach for antibiotics in the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections. This study investigates phage therapy on bacterial pneumonia in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 via the inhalation route. In this double-blind clinical trial, 60 patients with positive COVID-19 hospitalized in three central Mazandaran hospitals were chosen and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Standard country protocol drugs plus 10 mL of phage suspension every 12 h with a mesh nebulizer was prescribed for 7 days in the intervention group. The two groups were compared in terms of O2Sat, survival rate, severe secondary pulmonary bacterial infection and duration of hospitalization. Comparing the results between the intervention and control group, in terms of the trend of O2Sat change, negative sputum culture, no fever, no dyspnea, duration of hospitalization, duration of intubation and under ventilation, showed that the difference between these two groups was statistically different (P value < 0.05). In conclusion, inhalation phage therapy may have a potential effect on secondary infection and in the outcome of COVID-19 patients. However, more clinical trials with control confounding factors are needed to further support this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Samaee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Gohar Eslami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Golnar Rahimzadeh
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Davoudi Badabi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center and Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Fatemeh Roozbeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boo Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roya Ghasemian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alikhani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center and Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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18
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Poli De Frias F, Cardenas Castillo R, Perez Garcia MF, Al-Himyary A. The Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Report of Three Cases. Cureus 2023; 15:e41145. [PMID: 37519543 PMCID: PMC10386879 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially infects and replicates in epithelial cells of the nasopharynx where there are relatively high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which correlates with the highest sensitivity time point of the nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during the first week, with subsequent decline thereafter. As viral shedding progresses throughout the respiratory tract, the virus can be detectable for up to 30 days in bronchoalveolar fluids. This report presents three cases of acute respiratory distress in the setting of multifocal pneumonia, with multiple false-negative NPS SARS-CoV-2/RT-PCR but positive SARS-CoV-2/RT-PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Molecular RT-PCR testing remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the diagnostic accuracy of NPS RT-PCR may be affected by several factors. SARS-CoV-2/RT-PCR in BAL samples increases the diagnostic yield for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia; however, it is not widely available in many institutions and can be clinically challenging to perform. A multimodal approach is required for prompt diagnosis, especially in patients with a progressive disease, where a delay in therapy can be clinically detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria F Perez Garcia
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Ali Al-Himyary
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, CHI St. Luke's Health, Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, USA
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Pereira LRG, da Silva MVG, Germano CMR, Estevao IF, Melo DG. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with sickle cell disease: an integrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1144226. [PMID: 37200963 PMCID: PMC10187638 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy among humans. As the condition promotes susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammation, and hypercoagulability disorders, several international agencies have included individuals with this disease in the COVID-19 risk group for severe outcomes. However, available information about the subject is not properly systematized yet. This review aimed to understand and summarize the scientific knowledge about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with sickle cell disease. Searches were performed in the Medline, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases based on descriptors chosen according to the Medical Subject Headings. We analyzed studies published between 2020 and October 2022, developed with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology, and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The search resulted in 90 articles organized into six categories. There is disagreement in the literature about how different aspects related to sickle cell disease, such as chronic inflammation status, hypercoagulability, hemolytic anemia, use of hydroxyurea, and access to medical care interference with the clinical course of COVID-19. These topics deserve further investigation. It is evident, however, that the infection may manifest in an atypical way and act as a trigger for the development of sickle cell-specific complications, such as acute chest syndrome and vaso-occlusive crises, conditions that are associated with great morbidity and mortality. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be aware of the different forms of presentation of COVID-19 among these individuals. Specific guidelines and therapeutic protocols, as well as public policies for sickle cell individuals, must be considered. Systematic review registration This review (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NH4AS) and the review protocol (https://osf.io/3y649/) are registered in the Open Science Framework platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora Gusmão Melo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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Low RN, Low RJ, Akrami A. A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1011936. [PMID: 37064029 PMCID: PMC10103649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, in whom recovery is prolonged, or new symptoms are developed over months. Here, we propose a description of the pathophysiology of the Long COVID presentation based on inflammatory cytokine cascades and the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. In this model, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated peripheral immune system activation with subsequent cytokine release. Chronic low-grade inflammation leads to dysregulated brain microglia with an exaggerated release of central cytokines, producing neuroinflammation. Immunothrombosis linked to chronic inflammation with microclot formation leads to decreased tissue perfusion and ischemia. Intermittent fatigue, Post Exertional Malaise (PEM), CNS symptoms with "brain fog," arthralgias, paresthesias, dysautonomia, and GI and ophthalmic problems can consequently arise as result of the elevated peripheral and central cytokines. There are abundant similarities between symptoms in Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). DNA polymorphisms and viral-induced epigenetic changes to cytokine gene expression may lead to chronic inflammation in Long COVID patients, predisposing some to develop autoimmunity, which may be the gateway to ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Low
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Systematic Guidelines for Effective Utilization of COVID-19 Databases in Genomic, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Research. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030692. [PMID: 36992400 PMCID: PMC10059256 DOI: 10.3390/v15030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic has led to the production and accumulation of various types of data related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the features and characteristics of COVID-19 data, we summarized representative databases and determined the data types, purpose, and utilization details of each database. In addition, we categorized COVID-19 associated databases into epidemiological data, genome and protein data, and drug and target data. We found that the data present in each of these databases have nine separate purposes (clade/variant/lineage, genome browser, protein structure, epidemiological data, visualization, data analysis tool, treatment, literature, and immunity) according to the types of data. Utilizing the databases we investigated, we created four queries as integrative analysis methods that aimed to answer important scientific questions related to COVID-19. Our queries can make effective use of multiple databases to produce valuable results that can reveal novel findings through comprehensive analysis. This allows clinical researchers, epidemiologists, and clinicians to have easy access to COVID-19 data without requiring expert knowledge in computing or data science. We expect that users will be able to reference our examples to construct their own integrative analysis methods, which will act as a basis for further scientific inquiry and data searching.
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Abhyankar M, Kadam D, Reddy PR, Siddiqui MZ, Ratheesh M, Jagmag T, Tilwani J. The Efficacy and Safety of Imusil® Tablets in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Mild COVID-19: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e35881. [PMID: 37051002 PMCID: PMC10085312 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious concern of the new era. Along with antiviral synthetic medications, there is a need to discover efficacious herbal antiviral medicines with minimum side effects in patients against COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Imusil® among patients with mild COVID-19. Methods A prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, interventional study was conducted in patients with mild COVID-19 infection. Patients received either Imusil one tablet four times a day (seven days) along with the standard of care (SoC) or only SoC. The study endpoints were reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity, changes in cycle threshold (CT), clinical improvement, change in blood inflammatory indexes, and safety assessment. Results A total of 100 patients were enrolled, and 98 received at least one dose of treatment. The median age of patients was 36.0 years, and 58 were males. By day 4, 85.4% of patients in the Imusil+SoC group tested negative for RT-PCR compared to 64% of patients exhibiting the same outcome in the SoC group (P=0.0156). After eight days, clinical improvement was observed in all patients from the Imusil+SoC group, while in the SoC group, clinical improvement was observed in 94.0% of patients (P=0.4947). During follow-up visits, the average C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased from baseline in both treatment groups. The decrease in the levels of CRP (-7.3 mg/dL versus -5.5 mg/dL), D-dimer (-231.0 ng/mL versus -151.6 ng/mL), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (-2.3 pg/mL versus -2.0 pg/mL) at eight days was comparatively higher in the Imusil+SoC group versus the SoC group. There were no serious treatment-emergent adverse events in the drug arm. Conclusion Imusil provides effective antiviral activity and safety in mild COVID-19 patients. Imusil ensures faster RT-PCR negativity and clinical improvement and ensures effective reduction of inflammatory markers such as CRP, D-dimer and interleukin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilip Kadam
- Internal Medicine, Care Multispeciality Hospital, Pune, IND
| | | | | | - M Ratheesh
- Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Kottayam, IND
| | - Tariq Jagmag
- Medical Affairs, Glowderma Lab Private Limited, Mumbai, IND
| | - Jayesh Tilwani
- Medical Affairs, Glowderma Lab Private Limited, Mumbai, IND
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23
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Konje JC, Al Beloushi M, Ahmed B. Immunisation against COVID-19 in Pregnancy and of Women Planning Pregnancy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030621. [PMID: 36992330 PMCID: PMC10059008 DOI: 10.3390/v15030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Following reports of the first human SARS-CoV2 infection in December 2019 from Wuhan Province, China, there was such rapid spread that by March 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Over 6.5 million people have died from this infection worldwide, although this is most likely an underestimate. Until vaccines became available, mortality and severe morbidity were costly in terms of life lost as well as the cost of supporting the severely and acutely ill. Vaccination changed the landscape, and following worldwide adoption, life has gradually been returning to normal. The speed of production of the vaccines was unprecedented and undoubtedly ushered in a new era in the science of fighting infections. The developed vaccines were on the already known platforms for vaccine delivery: inactivated virus, virus vector, virus-like particles (VLP) subunit, DNA and mRNA. The mRNA platform was used for the first time to deliver vaccines to humans. An understanding of these platforms and the pros and cons of each are important for clinicians who are often challenged by the recipients on the advantages and risks of these vaccines. These vaccines have so far and reassuringly been shown to be safe in reproduction (with no effect on gametes) and pregnancy (not associated with congenital malformations). However, safety remains paramount and continuing vigilance is critical, especially against rare fatal complications such as vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and myocarditis. Finally, the waning immunity months after vaccination means repeated immunisation is likely to be ongoing, but just how often and how many such revaccinations should be recommended remains uncertain. Research into other vaccines and alternate delivery methods should continue as this infection is likely to be around for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Konje
- Feto-Maternal Centre Al Markhiya, Doha P.O. Box 34181, Qatar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-7777-8375
| | - Mariam Al Beloushi
- Women’s Wellness and Research Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Badreldeen Ahmed
- Feto-Maternal Centre Al Markhiya, Doha P.O. Box 34181, Qatar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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24
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A Statistical Synopsis of COVID-19 Components and Descriptive Analysis of Their Socio-Economic and Healthcare Aspects in Bangladesh Perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:9738094. [PMID: 36815185 PMCID: PMC9940984 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9738094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work is to analyze the socio-economic and healthcare aspects that arise in the contemporary COVID-19 situation from Bangladesh perspective. We elaborately discuss the successive COVID-19 occurrences in Bangladesh with consequential information. The components associated with the COVID-19 commencement and treatment policy with corresponding features and their consequences are patently delineated. The effect of troublesome issues related to the treatment is detailed with supporting real-time data. We elucidate the applications of modern technologies advancement in epidemiological aspects and their existent compatibility in Bangladesh. We statistically analyze the real-time data through figurative and tabular approaches. Some relevant measures of central tendency and dispersion are utilized to explore the data structure and its observable specifications. For a clear manifestation, Z- scores of the COVID-19 components are analyzed through the Box-Whisker plot. We have discovered that the gathered data exhibit features that are unsatisfactory for the normal distribution, are highly positively skewed, and are predominated by the earliest occurrences. Infections and deaths were initially lower than the global average, but they drastically rose in the first quarter of 2021 and persisted for the remainder of the year. Substantial preventive results were produced by the region-wisetime-worthy moves. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the infections and deaths noticeably decreased, and the number of recoveries was highly significant. In the middle of 2022, a lethal rise in infections was observed in Bangladesh and that was quickly stabilized, and the pandemic ingredients were under control. According to our assessment, some concluding remarks are made at the end of this work.
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25
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Flores-Salazar ZL, Arroyo-García KD, Soto-Gámez R, Leal-Meléndez JA, René Garza-Herrera M, Bennett-Vidales G, Cabrera MH, González-Habib R, Jiménez LP, Garza-Bulnes R, Barco-Flores IA, Castillo-Figueroa LF, Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Cavazos A, Rivera-Salinas D, González-Cantú A, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ. Evaluation of Transplacental Antibody Transfer in Pregnant Women Immunized with Different SARS-CoV-2 Homologous or Heterologous Schemes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020415. [PMID: 36851294 PMCID: PMC9961240 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scarce information related to transplacental antibody transfer against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with different homologous and heterologous vaccination schemes. This study aimed to correlate the magnitude of transplacental transfer anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in different homologous and heterologous schemes. An observational cross-sectional study was developed to identify pregnant women vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. They were questioned about their immunization status; blood samples from the mother, umbilical cord during labor, and the newborn 72 h after birth were taken to measure anti-S1 and anti-S2 specific IgG antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. We recruited 104 women with a median age of 29 (SD 1.17). We found antibodies in all newborns with vaccinated mothers. Homologous BNT162b2 mRNA regimen had the highest mean (SD) antibody titers (AU/mL) in maternal (994.93 (3.08), p = 0.039), umbilical cord (1316.43 (2.79), p = 0.016), and newborn (1192.02 (3.55), p = 0.020) blood. The generalized linear model showed a positive effect over antibodies with at least one dose in maternal (β = -1.1, p = 0.002) and newborn (β= -0.717, p = 0.044) blood, and with two doses (β = -0.684, p = 0.026) in umbilical cord blood. In conclusion, antibodies were detected in all vaccinated women and their newborns. Transfer of antibodies was found from the first dose, and the levels increased with the number of vaccine doses. Vaccination should be encouraged in pregnant women with any available scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Dirección de Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Sistema de Salud, Calle Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 2525, Obispado, Monterrey 64000, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-8865-5656
| | - Zulema Lourdes Flores-Salazar
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Kimberly Dariela Arroyo-García
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rafael Soto-Gámez
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, Avenida del Bosque 139, Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gordon Bennett-Vidales
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Hurtado Cabrera
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Habib
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Dirección de Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Liliann Peña Jiménez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Raúl Garza-Bulnes
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Fernando Castillo-Figueroa
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Christus Muguerza Conchita, Calle 15 de Mayo 1822, María Luisa, Nuevo Obispado, Monterrey 64040, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, Avenida del Bosque 139, Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Especialidades Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto, 4500-Pte, Zona Valle Poniente, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Dirección de Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Sistema de Salud, Calle Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 2525, Obispado, Monterrey 64000, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Egede C, Dawson AZ, Walker RJ, Garacci E, Campbell JA, Egede LE. Relationship between mental health diagnoses and COVID-19 test positivity, hospitalization, and mortality in Southeast Wisconsin. Psychol Med 2023; 53:927-935. [PMID: 34034845 PMCID: PMC8185414 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of literature on the relationship between pre-existing mental health conditions and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. The aim was to examine the association between pre-existing mental health diagnosis and COVID-19 outcomes (positive screen, hospitalization, mortality). METHODS Electronic medical record data for 30 976 adults tested for COVID-19 between March 2020 and 10th July 2020 was analyzed. COVID-19 outcomes included positive screen, hospitalization among screened positive, and mortality among screened positive and hospitalized. Primary independent variable, mental health disorders, was based on ICD-10 codes categorized as bipolar, internalizing, externalizing, and psychoses. Descriptive statistics were calculated, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the relationship between each mental health disorder and COVID-19 outcomes. RESULTS Adults with externalizing (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95%CI 0.57-0.79) and internalizing disorders (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70-0.88) had lower odds of having a positive COVID-19 test in fully adjusted models. Adults with bipolar disorder had significantly higher odds of hospitalization in fully adjusted models (OR 4.27, 95% CI 2.06-8.86), and odds of hospitalization were significantly higher among those with externalizing disorders after adjusting for demographics (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.23-2.38). Mortality was significantly higher in the fully adjusted model for patients with bipolar disorder (hazard ratio 2.67, 95% CI 1.07-6.67). CONCLUSIONS Adults with mental health disorders, while less likely to test positive for COVID-19, were more likely to be hospitalized and to die in the hospital. Study results suggest the importance of developing interventions that incorporate elements designed to address smoking cessation, nutrition and physical activity counseling and other needs specific to this population to improve COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egede
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
| | - Aprill Z. Dawson
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
| | - Rebekah J. Walker
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
| | - Emma Garacci
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Campbell
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
| | - Leonard E. Egede
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
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27
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Khairwa A, Jat KR. Autopsy findings of COVID-19 in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2022; 18:516-529. [PMID: 36048325 PMCID: PMC9434090 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical features of COVID-19 range from mild respiratory symptoms to fatal outcomes. Autopsy findings are important for understanding COVID-19-related pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. This systematic study aims to evaluate autopsy findings in paediatric cases. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database Reviews. We included studies that reported autopsy findings in children with COVID-19. A total of 11 studies (24 subjects) were included. The mean age of patients was 5.9 ± 5.7 years. Grossly, there was pericardial and pleural effusion, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly, heavy soft lung, enlarged kidney, and enlarged brain. The autopsy findings of the lungs were diffuse alveolar damage (78.3%), fibrin thrombi (43.5%), haemorrhage (30.4%), pneumonia (26%), congestion and oedema (26%), angiomatoid pattern (17.4%), and alveolar megakaryocytes (17.4%). The heart showed interstitial oedema (80%), myocardial foci of band necrosis (60%), fibrin microthrombi (60%), interstitial and perivascular inflammation (40%), and pancarditis (30%). The liver showed centrilobular congestion (60%), micro/macrovesicular steatosis (30%), and arterial/venous thrombi (20%). The kidney showed acute tubular necrosis (75%), congestion (62.5%), fibrin thrombi in glomerular capillaries (37.5%), and nephrocalcinosis, mesangial cell hyperplasia, tubular hyaline/granular casts (25% each). The spleen showed splenitis (71.4%), haemorrhage (71.4%), lymphoid hypoplasia (57.1%), and haemophagocytosis (28.6%). The brain revealed oedema (87.5%), congestion (75%), reactive microglia (62.5%), neuronal ischaemic necrosis (62.5%), meningoencephalitis (37.5%), and fibrin thrombi (25%). SARS-CoV-2 and CD68 were positive by immunohistochemistry in 85.7% and 33.3% cases, respectively. Autopsy findings of COVID-19 in children are variable in all important organs. It may help in better understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Khairwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
| | - Kana Ram Jat
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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28
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Hotton AL, Ozik J, Kaligotla C, Collier N, Stevens A, Khanna AS, MacDonell MM, Wang C, LePoire DJ, Chang YS, Martinez-Moyano IJ, Mucenic B, Pollack HA, Schneider JA, Macal C. Impact of changes in protective behaviors and out-of-household activities by age on COVID-19 transmission and hospitalization in Chicago, Illinois. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 76:165-173. [PMID: 35728733 PMCID: PMC9212859 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Even with an efficacious vaccine, protective behaviors (social distancing, masking) are essential for preventing COVID-19 transmission and could become even more important if current or future variants evade immunity from vaccines or prior infection. METHODS We created an agent-based model representing the Chicago population and conducted experiments to determine the effects of varying adult out-of-household activities (OOHA), school reopening, and protective behaviors across age groups on COVID-19 transmission and hospitalizations. RESULTS From September-November 2020, decreasing adult protective behaviors and increasing adult OOHA both substantially impacted COVID-19 outcomes; school reopening had relatively little impact when adult protective behaviors and OOHA were maintained. As of November 1, 2020, a 50% reduction in young adult (age 18-40) protective behaviors resulted in increased latent infection prevalence per 100,000 from 15.93 (IQR 6.18, 36.23) to 40.06 (IQR 14.65, 85.21) and 19.87 (IQR 6.83, 46.83) to 47.74 (IQR 18.89, 118.77) with 15% and 45% school reopening. Increasing adult (age ≥18) OOHA from 65% to 80% of prepandemic levels resulted in increased latent infection prevalence per 100,000 from 35.18 (IQR 13.59, 75.00) to 69.84 (IQR 33.27, 145.89) and 38.17 (IQR 15.84, 91.16) to 80.02 (IQR 30.91, 186.63) with 15% and 45% school reopening. Similar patterns were observed for hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS In areas without widespread vaccination coverage, interventions to maintain adherence to protective behaviors, particularly among younger adults and in out-of-household settings, remain a priority for preventing COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hotton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,Corresponding author: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5837 N Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Jonathan Ozik
- Argonne National Laboratory, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Nick Collier
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Abby Stevens
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Aditya S. Khanna
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Margaret M. MacDonell
- Radiological, Chemical and Environmental Risk Analysis (RACER), Environmental Science Division (EVS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL
| | - Cheng Wang
- RACER EVS, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Young-Soo Chang
- Department of Climate and Earth System Science (CESS), EVS, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL
| | - Ignacio J. Martinez-Moyano
- Argonne National Laboratory, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Harold A. Pollack
- Crown School of Social Work Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John A. Schneider
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles Macal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL
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de Pedro M, Adanero-Velasco A, Vizoso-Noval B, Muñoz-Corcuera M, Gutiérrez-Cárdenas L. Adaptation of clinical subjects in Dentistry to virtual environments during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Spanish University: A case study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:676-685. [PMID: 34929065 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evolution of the pandemic has generated a crisis in all areas, also including the faculties of dentistry. We detail how the teaching guides for clinical subjects have been adapted in the Department of Clinical Dentistry at the Universidad Europea of Madrid, moving to a 100% online environment. USUAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL PRACTICES IN THE DDS DEGREE OF UEM Students in the fourth and fifth year of DDS degree take the courses "Introduction to Clinical Practice" and "Supervised Practice." Within the framework of continuous assessment, different systems and procedures are used to evaluate knowledge, skills or competences. CURRICULAR ADAPTATION DURING THE PERIOD OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: It was necessary to adapt the practical contents to virtual contents. 35% of the course (12 weeks) was adapted to a 100% online environment. Several activities were carried out that could be evaluated in real time, including lectures, clinical cases and resolution of multidisciplinary dental treatments. DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL PRACTICES IN HEALTH EDUCATION IN OTHER INSTITUTIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC: A narrative review was conducted to identify how this situation has been addressed in other institutions and countries; finding that similarly, it has been possible to establish monitoring of clinical practices in a virtual environment. An online questionnaire was conducted to the fourth and fifth year students of DDS degree to stablish the acceptance of the adaptation during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations of online training for the development of clinical practice, a system has been established to ensure appropriate clinical training for undergraduate students in dentistry. Some of the developments were well accepted by the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Pedro
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Adanero-Velasco
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vizoso-Noval
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz-Corcuera
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisbet Gutiérrez-Cárdenas
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Association of Patients' Epidemiological Characteristics and Comorbidities with Severity and Related Mortality Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of an Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102437. [PMID: 36289699 PMCID: PMC9598435 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the association between patients’ epidemiological characteristics and comorbidities with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and related mortality risk. An umbrella systematic review, including a meta-analysis examining the association between patients’ underlying conditions and severity (defined as need for hospitalization) and mortality of COVID-19, was performed. Studies were included if they reported pooled risk estimates of at least three underlying determinants for hospitalization, critical disease (ICU admission, mechanical ventilation), and hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence was summarized as pooled odds ratios (pOR) for disease outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Sixteen systematic reviews investigating the possible associations of comorbidities with severity or death from COVID-19 disease were included. Hospitalization was associated with age > 60 years (pOR 3.50; 95% CI 2.97−4.36), smoking habit (pOR 3.50; 95% CI 2.97−4.36), and chronic pulmonary disease (pOR 2.94; 95% CI 2.14−4.04). Chronic pulmonary disease (pOR 2.82; 95% CI 1.92−4.14), cerebrovascular disease (pOR 2.74; 95% CI 1.59−4.74), and cardiovascular disease (pOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.97−3.01) were likely to be associated with increased risk of critical COVID-19. The highest risk of mortality was associated with cardiovascular disease (pOR 3.59; 95% CI 2.83−4.56), cerebrovascular disease (pOR 3.11; 95% CI 2.35−4.11), and chronic renal disease (pOR 3.02; 95% CI 2.61−3.49). In conclusion, this umbrella systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of meta-analyses examining the impact of patients’ characteristics on COVID-19 outcomes. Elderly patients and those cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic renal disease should be prioritized for pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis and early treatment.
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Kumar A, Ladha A, Choudhury A, Ikbal AMA, Bhattacharjee B, Das T, Gupta G, Sharma C, Sarbajna A, Mandal SC, Choudhury MD, Ali N, Slama P, Rezaei N, Palit P, Tiwari ON. The chimera of S1 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2: can it be a potential vaccine candidate for COVID-19? Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1071-1086. [PMID: 35604776 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as one of the biggest global health issues. Spike protein (S) and nucleoprotein (N), the major immunogenic components of SARS-CoV-2, have been shown to be involved in the attachment and replication of the virus inside the host cell. AREAS COVERED Several investigations have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein can elicit a cell-mediated immune response capable of regulating viral replication and lowering viral burden. However, the development of an effective vaccine that can stop the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains a matter of concern. Literature was retrieved using the keywords COVID-19 vaccine, role of nucleoprotein as vaccine candidate, spike protein, nucleoprotein immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, and chimera vaccine in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google. EXPERT OPINION We have focussed on the use of chimera protein, consisting of N and S-1 protein components of SARS-CoV-2, as a potential vaccine candidate. This may act as a polyvalent mixed recombinant protein vaccine to elicit a strong T and B cell immune response, which will be capable of neutralizing the wild and mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2, and also restricting its attachment, replication, and budding in the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Amit Ladha
- Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, India
| | - Ankita Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Allama TR College of Pharmacy, Hospital Rd, Srigouri, India
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura (W), India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Tanmay Das
- Department of Business Administration, Assam University Silchar, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, India.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, India
| | - Adity Sarbajna
- Department of Zoology, Surendranath College, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Nahid Ali
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL BIOLOGY, Kolkata, India
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Drug Discovery research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
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Hashemi F, Hoepner L, Hamidinejad FS, Abbasi A, Afrashteh S, Hoseini M. A survey on the correlation between PM 2.5 concentration and the incidence of suspected and positive cases of COVID-19 referred to medical centers: A case study of Tehran. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134650. [PMID: 35452646 PMCID: PMC9016534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, one of the greatest health challenges of the present century, has infected millions of people and caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide. The causative agent of this disease is the new virus SARS-CoV-2; which continues to spread globally and sometimes with new and more complex aspects than before. The present study is an observational study aimed to investigate the role of AQI; PM2.5 and its relationship with the incidence of suspected cases (SC) and positive cases (PC) of COVID-19 at different levels of the air quality index (AQI) in Tehran, the capital of Iran in the period from Feb 20th, 2020 to Feb 22nd, 2021. Data on AQI were collected online from the air monitoring website of Air Quality Control Company under the supervision of Tehran Municipality. The data on suspected and positive cases were obtained from the Iranian Ministry of Health. The results and statistical analysis (Pearson correlation test) showed that with the increase of AQI level, the number of suspected cases (SC) and positive cases (PC), also increased (P-value<0.01). The average daily number of suspected and positive COVID-19 cases referred to medical centers, at different levels of the AQI was as follows: level II: yellow, moderate (SC: Nave = 466; PC: Nave = 223), level III: orange, unhealthy for sensitive groups (SC: Nave = 564; PC: Nave = 275), and Level IV: red, unhealthy (SC: Nave = 558; PC: Nave = 294). The results of the GEE for seasonal comparison (winter as reference season), showed that there is an epidemiological pattern in autumn with colder weather compared to other seasons in both suspected (Cl: %95, B = 408.94) and positive (Cl: %95, B = 83.42) cases of COVID-19. The results of this study will serve policymakers as an informative tool for guidance on the importance of the role of air pollution in viral epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallah Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - Farahnaz Soleimani Hamidinejad
- Department of Medicine, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Li X, Dong H, Guo X, Huang F, Xu X, Li N, Yang Y, Yao T, Feng Y, Liu Q. Mesophilic Argonaute-based isothermal detection of SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957977. [PMID: 35966688 PMCID: PMC9363790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its mutations, has spread rapidly all over the world and still requires sensitive detection to distinguish mutations. CRISPR-based diagnosis has been regarded as a next-generation detection method; however, it has some limitations, such as the need for specific recognition sequences and multiple enzymes for multiplex detection. Therefore, research on the exploration and development of novel nucleases helps to promote specific and sensitive diagnoses. Prokaryotic Argonaute (Ago) proteins exert directed nuclease activity that can target any sequence. Recently, thermophilic Agos have been developed as new detection techniques achieving multiplexity for multiple targets using a single enzyme, as well as accurate recognition of single-base differential sequences. In this study, to overcome the requirement for high reaction temperature of thermophilic Ago-based methods, we expanded the mining of mesophilic Agos to achieve CRISPR-like isothermal detection, named mesophilic Ago-based isothermal detection method (MAIDEN). The principle of MAIDEN uses mesophilic Ago cleavage combined with reverse transcription, which can provide single-strand DNA as a substrate and allow cleavage of fluorescence probes to sense SARS-CoV-2 at moderate temperature. We first mined and optimized the mesophilic Ago and the fluorescence reporter system and then selected a compatible reverse transcription reaction. Furthermore, we optimized MAIDEN into a one-step reaction that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the nanomolar concentration at a constant temperature of 42°C within 60 min. Therefore, MAIDEN shows advantageous portability and easy-to-implement operation, avoiding the possibility of open-lid contamination. Our study was the first attempt to demonstrate that mesophilic Agos can be harnessed as diagnostic tools, and MAIDEN was easily extended to detect other pathogens in a rapid and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huarong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianbao Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Liu
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Murugesan M, Govindarajan R, Prakash L, Murugan CK, Jasmine JJ, Krishnasamy N. In COVID-19 Patients, the Identified Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Tertiary Care Center of India. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2022; 12:24-30. [PMID: 35990860 PMCID: PMC9357525 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Materials and methods Results Conclusion How to cite this article
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvizhi Murugesan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, KAP Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Govindarajan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandra Kumar Murugan
- Department of Medicine, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Janifer Jasmine
- Department of Hepatology, Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanasamy Krishnasamy
- Department of Hepatology, Government Corona Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Narayanasamy Krishnasamy, Department of Hepatology, Government Corona Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9840415073, e-mail:
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Bazargan M, Elahi R, Esmaeilzadeh A. OMICRON: Virology, immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3435. [PMID: 35726542 PMCID: PMC9350010 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emersion, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a significant global dilemma. Several mutations in the severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-Co-2) genome has given rise to different variants with various levels of transmissibility, severity and mortality. Up until November 2021, the variants of concern declared by the World Health Organization were Alpha, Beta, Delta and Gamma. Since then, a novel variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) has been developed. BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and BA.3 are four known subvariants of Omicron. The Omicron variant involves new mutations in its spike protein, most of which are in its receptor binding site, and increase its transmissibility and decrease its antibody and vaccine response. Understanding the virology and mutations of Omicron is necessary for developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Moreover, important issues, such as the risk of re-infection, the response to different kinds of vaccines, the need for a booster vaccine dose and the increased risk of Omicron infection in pediatrics, need to be addressed. In this article, we provide an overview of the biological and immunopathological properties of Omicron and its subvariants, its clinical signs and symptoms, Omicron and pediatrics, vaccines against Omicron, re-infection with Omicron, diagnostic approaches and specific challenges of Omicron in the successful control and management of the rapid global spread of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bazargan
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari HospitalSahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of ImmunologyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research CenterZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
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Cazzaniga M, Testa S, Brambilla M, Vergori A, Viganoni M, Montini G. Incidence and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient cohort from a single center in Northern Italy. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14335. [PMID: 35726833 PMCID: PMC9350330 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern about SARS-CoV-2 infection has increased over the possible effects on immunocompromised patients. Among them, recipients of solid organ transplantation deserve special attention. Data from the adult population suggest they may be at high risk for developing severe COVID-19, but little data are available for pediatric solid organ transplantation recipients. METHODS From March 2020 to April 2021, KT recipients aged <21 years, routinely managed at our center, who underwent RT-PCR testing with nasopharyngeal swabs to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, were studied. Tests were performed according to clinical and/or epidemiological criteria. RESULTS One hundred one transplanted patients were managed at our center during the observation period. Among this population, 57 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection with a RT-PCR test and were subsequently enrolled. A total of 111 swabs were performed. Twelve out of the 57 patients tested (21.1%) had a positive RT-PCR test result. Among the positive patients, eight were symptomatic (66.7%). Median duration of symptoms and RT-PCR positivity was two days (IQR 1-2.25) and 17 days (IQR 11-27.25), respectively. No patients required specific treatment or IS therapy reduction; no one was admitted to hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that pediatric renal transplant recipients are at low risk of clinically relevant COVID-19, as is the healthy age-related population. On the contrary, our results differed substantially from those seen in adult SOT recipient populations that have a high incidence and an even earlier and higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Testa
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Askari G, Sahebkar A, Soleimani D, Mahdavi A, Rafiee S, Majeed M, Khorvash F, Iraj B, Elyasi M, Rouhani MH, Bagherniya M. The efficacy of curcumin-piperine co-supplementation on clinical symptoms, duration, severity, and inflammatory factors in COVID-19 outpatients: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:472. [PMID: 35668500 PMCID: PMC9167899 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has made the disease a major global problem by creating a significant burden on health, economic, and social status. To date, there are no effective and approved medications for this disease. Curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent can have a positive effect on the control of COVID-19 complications. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of curcumin-piperine supplementation on clinical symptoms, duration, severity, and inflammatory factors in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Forty-six outpatients with COVID-19 disease were randomly allocated to receive two capsules of curcumin-piperine; each capsule contained 500 mg curcumin plus 5 mg piperine or placebo for 14 days. RESULTS Mean changes in complete blood count, liver enzymes, blood glucose levels, lipid parameters, kidney function, and c-reactive protein (CRP) were not significantly different between the two groups. There was a significant improvement in health status, including dry cough, sputum cough, ague, sore throat, weakness, muscular pain, headache, and dyspnea at week 2 in both curcumin-piperine and placebo groups (P value < 0.05); however, the improvement in weakness was more in the curcumin-piperine group than with placebo group (P value 025). CONCLUSION The present study results showed that curcumin-piperine co-supplementation in outpatients with COVID-19 could significantly reduce weakness. However, in this study, curcumin-piperine co-supplementation could not significantly affect the other indices, including biochemical and clinical indices. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20121216011763N46 . 2020-10-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 00983137922110, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Atena Mahdavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Rafiee
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Farzin Khorvash
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Iraj
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahshid Elyasi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 00983137922110, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 00983137922110, Isfahan, Iran. .,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Powers KA, Sullivan KM, Zadrozny SL, Shook-Sa BE, Byrnes R, Bogojevich DA, Lauen DL, Thompson P, Robinson WR, Gordon-Larsen P, Aiello AE. North Carolina public school teachers' contact patterns and mask use within and outside of school during the prevaccine phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:608-617. [PMID: 34971715 PMCID: PMC8714247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teachers are central to school-associated transmission networks, but little is known about their behavioral patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 North Carolina public school teachers in 4 districts open to in-person learning in November-December 2020 (pre-COVID-19 vaccines). We assessed indoor and outdoor time spent, numbers of people encountered at <6 feet ("close contacts"), and mask use by teachers and those around them at specific locations on the most recent weekday and weekend day. RESULTS Nearly all respondents reported indoor time at home (98%) and school (94%) on the most recent weekday, while 62% reported indoor time at stores, 18% at someone else's home, and 17% at bars/restaurants. Responses were similar for the most recent weekend day, excepting school (where 5% reported indoor time). Most teachers (>94%) reported wearing masks inside school, stores, and salons; intermediate percentages (∼50%-85%) inside places of worship, bars/restaurants, and recreational settings; and few (<25%) in their or others' homes. Approximately half reported daily close contact with students. CONCLUSIONS As schools reopened in the COVID-19 pandemic, potential transmission opportunities arose through close contacts within and outside of school, along with suboptimal mask use by teachers and/or those around them. Our granular estimates underscore the importance of multilayered mitigation strategies and can inform interventions and mathematical models addressing school-associated transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Kristin M Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sabrina L Zadrozny
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bonnie E Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rosemary Byrnes
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David A Bogojevich
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Douglas L Lauen
- Department of Public Policy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Peyton Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many COVID-19 patients are discharged home from hospital with instructions to self-isolate. This reduces the burden on potentially overwhelmed hospitals. The Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) Home Monitoring Programme (HMP) is a model of care for COVID-19 patients which chiefly tracks pulse oximetry and body temperature readings. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the HMP from a patient perspective. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Of 46 COVID-19 patients who used the HMP through RMH during April to August 2020, 16 were invited to participate in this qualitative evaluation study; all accepted, including 6 healthcare workers. Attempts were made to recruit a gender-balanced sample across a range of COVID-19 severities and comorbidities. Participants completed a brief semistructured phone interview discussing their experience of using the HMP. OUTCOME MEASURES AND ANALYSIS A thematic analysis of interview data was conducted. Feasibility was defined as the HMP's reported ease of use. Acceptability was considered holistically by reviewing themes in the interview data. RESULTS The HMP allowed clinical deterioration to be recognised as it occurred enabling prompt intervention. All participants reported a positive opinion of the HMP, stating it was highly acceptable and easy to use. Almost all participants said they found using it reassuring. Patients frequently mentioned the importance of the monitoring clinicians as an information conduit. The most suggested improvement was to monitor a broader set of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The HMP is highly feasible and acceptable to patients. This model of care could potentially be implemented on a mass-scale to reduce the burden of COVID-19 on hospitals. A key benefit of the HMP is the ability to reassure patients they will receive suitable intervention should they deteriorate while isolating outside of hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Oliver
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Martin Dutch
- Emergency Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amanda Rojek
- Emergency Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Putland
- Emergency Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Knott
- Emergency Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Shin W, Lee CJ, Lee YM, Choi YB, Mun S, Han K. Rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 in the point-of-care using digital PCR-based Dr. PCR™ Di20K COVID-19 Detection Kit without viral RNA extraction. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:617-628. [PMID: 35353341 PMCID: PMC8965542 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since COVID-19 was declared the pandemic by the WHO, it has continued to spread. There is a need for rapid, efficient, and accurate diagnostic kits and techniques to control its spread. OBJECTIVE The diagnostic capability of the qRT-PCR-based Real-Q 2019-nCoV Detection Kit and dPCR-based Dr. PCR™ Di20K COVID-19 Detection Kit was compared and evaluated. METHODS Diagnostic tests for COVID-19 were performed using two different COVID-19 kits and 301 individual specimens with confirmed COVID-19 positive/negative at the government-accredited medical institution. Assessment of diagnostic capability was measured through diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, Cohen's Kappa coefficient, and dilutional linearity tests. RESULTS The COVID-19 diagnostic test results using two kits and 301 individual specimens perfectly matched the pre-diagnosis results of the medical institution. In addition, the measurement results of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were "1", indicating high diagnostic capability. Cohen's Kappa coefficient value is "1", which means that the diagnosis concordance between the two kits is "Almost Perfect". As a result of dilutional linearity tests to evaluate their detection capability, both kits were measured with very high detection reliability. CONCLUSION Here, we propose that the dPCR-based Dr. PCR™ Di20K COVID-19 Detection Kit has the advantages of the dPCR method reported in the previous study and is suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) by overcoming the limitations of space, test time, cross-over contamination, and biosafety due to omitting RNA extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Shin
- NGS Clinical Laboratory, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherl-Joon Lee
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chenonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyudong Han
- NGS Clinical Laboratory, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, 16890, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- DKU-Theragen Institute for NGS Analysis (DTiNa), Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Ruwan Jayakantha D, Bandara H, Gunawardana NM, Jayantha Rajapakse R, Thilakarathne DS, Comini E, Gunawardhana N, Karunarathne S. Design and construction of a low cost air purifier for killing harmful airborne microorganisms using a combination of a strong multi-directional electric-field and an ultra violet light. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00279. [PMID: 35509923 PMCID: PMC9058725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work we have designed and developed a low cost and simple instrument to purify air in an enclosure. The device sucks up the air in the enclosed area, kills the microorganisms and let clean air flow out. A combination of an ultra violet light and an electric field are used to kill the microorganisms in air. Three electric field chambers (radial, parallel, perpendicular) are used to clean air more effectively. Stainless steel meshes were used to increase the density of the electric fields. The outer covers were made with plastic and wood. The instrument was tested against an evaporated bacterial solution (Staphylococcus aureus) by letting it flow through the instrument and measuring the bacterial concentration of the output air. The results showed the instrument is extremely effective even when tested against high bacterial concentrations. The instrument is extremely useful to clean air in closed rooms such as in hospitals, schools, etc. and prevent the spread of airborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.N.P. Ruwan Jayakantha
- Office of Research and International Affairs, Sri Lanka Technological Campus, Padukka, Sri Lanka
- Sensor Lab, Department of Information Engineering, Brescia University, Brescia 25133, Italy
| | | | | | - R.P.V. Jayantha Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulari S. Thilakarathne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Elisabetta Comini
- Sensor Lab, Department of Information Engineering, Brescia University, Brescia 25133, Italy
| | - Nanda Gunawardhana
- Office of Research and International Affairs, Sri Lanka Technological Campus, Padukka, Sri Lanka
| | - S.M.M.L. Karunarathne
- Office of Research and International Affairs, Sri Lanka Technological Campus, Padukka, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Technological Campus, Padukka, Sri Lanka
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Zedtwitz-Liebenstein K. SARS-CoV-2: low virus load on surfaces in public areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30146-30149. [PMID: 34997928 PMCID: PMC8742566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led people to implement preventive measures, including surface and hand disinfection with a disinfectant to avoid viral transmission. The detection of coronaviruses on surfaces implies not always a high danger of infection. Different coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 can be detected under experimental conditions on surfaces for many days. However, there are no studies concerning the virus load and the risk for an infection. The aim of our study was to find out if we could detect SARS-CoV-2 with a virus load greater than 106 copies/mL in public areas under real-life conditions. A total of 1200 swabs were performed on different environmental surfaces in public areas: handholds, press buttons in buses, tramways, tubes, elevators, shops, doorknobs in public buildings, public restrooms, touchscreens in shops and public transportation services, supermarket trolleys, banknotes and coins and immediately tested. We used Rapid Covid-19 Antigen Test (Clinitest®) by Siemens Healthineers (Healgen Scientific Limited Liability Company, Houston, USA, respectively, Shanghai International Holding Corp. GmbH (Europe), Hamburg, Germany). During our study, we were not able to detect SARS-CoV-2 with a virus load greater than 106 copies/ml although we pooled the swabs. According to the negative antigen tests and with a theoretically probability calculation of 1/24.000, there seems no relevant risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in public areas. For people with underlying diseases or immunosuppression, the risk of transmission respectively infectivity cannot be excluded with this study.
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Verheijen AC, Janssen EER, van der Putten ME, van Horck MWP, van Well GTJ, Van Loo IHM, Hütten MC, Van Mechelen K. Management of severe neonatal respiratory distress due to vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:140. [PMID: 35346370 PMCID: PMC8958934 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonates with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are usually asymptomatic or have mild to moderate symptoms. Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with respiratory insufficiency is rare. Therefore, information about the best intensive care strategy for neonates requiring mechanical ventilation is lacking. We report a neonatal case of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, probably due to vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, complicated by Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. We aim to inform pediatric providers on the clinical course and acute management considerations in coronavirus disease-related neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Case presentation A late preterm (gestational age 36 0/7 weeks) Caucasian girl was born from a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive mother and tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at 19 hours after birth. She developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation. The clinical course was complicated by S. aureus pneumonia and bacteremia. Multimodal management included well-established interventions for respiratory distress syndrome such as surfactant therapy, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and inhaled nitric oxide, combined with therapies extrapolated from adult care for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients such as dexamethasone, coronavirus disease 2019-specific immunoglobins, and prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin. The neonate was successfully weaned from the ventilator and improved clinically. Conclusion This case shows a rare but serious neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, leading to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because of limited therapy guidelines for neonates, we suggest multimodal management with awareness of the possibility of S. aureus coinfection, to treat this age group successful.
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Khairnar P, Soni M, Handa M, Riadi Y, Kesharwani P, Shukla R. Recent highlights on Omicron as a new SARS-COVID-19 variant: evolution, genetic mutation, and future perspectives. J Drug Target 2022; 30:603-613. [PMID: 35311601 PMCID: PMC9115780 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2056187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected the lives of billions of people and is a causative agent for millions of deaths. After 23 months of the first reported case of COVID-19, on 25th November 2020, a new SARS-COVID-19 variant, i.e. Omicron was reported with a WHO tagline of VoC that trembled the world with its infectivity rate. This fifth VoC raised the concern about neutralising ability and adequate control of SARS-COVID-19 infection due to mass vaccination drive (nearly more than 4.7 billion individuals got vaccinated globally till December 2021). However, the present scenario of VoCs highlights the importance of vaccination and public health measures that need to be followed strictly to prevent the fatality from Omicron. The world still needs to overcome the hesitancy that poses a major barrier to the implementation of vaccination. This review highlights the SARS-COVID-19 situation and discusses in detail the mutational events that occurred at a cellular level in different variants over time. This article is dedicated to the scientific findings reported during the recent outbreak of 2019-2022 and describes their symptoms, disease, spread, treatment, and preventive action advised. The article also focuses on the treatment options available for Covid-19 and the update of Omicron by expert agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukesh Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Mayank Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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Liu A, Raja xavier J, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Salker MS. Molecular and Physiological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Women and Pregnancy. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:756362. [PMID: 35284910 PMCID: PMC8908006 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.756362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst scientific knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is rapidly increasing, much of the effects on pregnant women is still unknown. To accommodate pregnancy, the human endometrium must undergo a physiological transformation called decidualization. These changes encompass the remodeling of endometrial immune cells leading to immunotolerance of the semi-allogenic conceptus as well as defense against pathogens. The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important regulatory role in the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) and has been shown to be protective against comorbidities known to worsen COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, ACE2 is also crucial for decidualization and thus for early gestation. An astounding gender difference has been found in COVID-19 with male patients presenting with more severe cases and higher mortality rates. This could be attributed to differences in sex chromosomes, hormone levels and behavior patterns. Despite profound changes in the female body during pregnancy, expectant mothers do not face worse outcomes compared with non-pregnant women. Whereas mother-to-child transmission through respiratory droplets during labor or in the postnatal period is known, another question of in utero transmission remains unanswered. Evidence of placental SARS-CoV-2 infection and expression of viral entry receptors at the maternal-fetal interface suggests the possibility of in utero transmission. SARS-CoV-2 can cause further harm through placental damage, maternal systemic inflammation, and hindered access to health care during the pandemic. More research on the effects of COVID-19 during early pregnancy as well as vaccination and treatment options for gravid patients is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liu
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Raja xavier
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Bamford CGG, Broadbent L, Aranday-Cortes E, McCabe M, McKenna J, Courtney DG, Touzelet O, Ali A, Roberts G, Lopez Campos G, Simpson D, McCaughey C, Fairley D, Mills K, Power UF. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Evolution in Paediatric Primary Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures Compared with Vero-Derived Cell Lines. Viruses 2022; 14:325. [PMID: 35215919 PMCID: PMC8877208 DOI: 10.3390/v14020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently infect both children and adults, albeit with morbidity and mortality positively associated with increasing host age and presence of co-morbidities. SARS-CoV-2 continues to adapt to the human population, resulting in several variants of concern (VOC) with novel properties, such as Alpha and Delta. However, factors driving SARS-CoV-2 fitness and evolution in paediatric cohorts remain poorly explored. Here, we provide evidence that both viral and host factors co-operate to shape SARS-CoV-2 genotypic and phenotypic change in primary airway cell cultures derived from children. Through viral whole-genome sequencing, we explored changes in genetic diversity over time of two pre-VOC clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 during passage in paediatric well-differentiated primary nasal epithelial cell (WD-PNEC) cultures and in parallel, in unmodified Vero-derived cell lines. We identified a consistent, rich genetic diversity arising in vitro, variants of which could rapidly rise to near fixation within two passages. Within isolates, SARS-CoV-2 evolution was dependent on host cells, with paediatric WD-PNECs showing a reduced diversity compared to Vero (E6) cells. However, mutations were not shared between strains. Furthermore, comparison of both Vero-grown isolates on WD-PNECs disclosed marked growth attenuation mapping to the loss of the polybasic cleavage site (PBCS) in Spike, while the strain with mutations in Nsp12 (T293I), Spike (P812R) and a truncation of Orf7a remained viable in WD-PNECs. Altogether, our work demonstrates that pre-VOC SARS-CoV-2 efficiently infects paediatric respiratory epithelial cells, and its evolution is restrained compared to Vero (E6) cells, similar to the case of adult cells. We highlight the significant genetic plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 while uncovering an influential role for collaboration between viral and host cell factors in shaping viral evolution and ultimately fitness in human respiratory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor G. G. Bamford
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Lindsay Broadbent
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Elihu Aranday-Cortes
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Mary McCabe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - James McKenna
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.F.)
| | - David G. Courtney
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Olivier Touzelet
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Ahlam Ali
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
| | - Grace Roberts
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Guillermo Lopez Campos
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - David Simpson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Conall McCaughey
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Derek Fairley
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Ken Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
| | - Ultan F. Power
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (L.B.); (M.M.); (D.G.C.); (O.T.); (A.A.); (G.R.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.)
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Mishra R, Behera LM, Rana S. Binding of raloxifene to human complement fragment 5a ( hC5a): a perspective on cytokine storm and COVID19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:982-994. [PMID: 32930050 PMCID: PMC7544936 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1820381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human C5a (hC5a), one of the pro-inflammatory glycoproteins of the complement system is known to undergo production hyperdrive in response to stress and infection. hC5a has been associated with the pathogenesis of many chronic and acute diseases, due to its proven ability in triggering the 'cytokine storm', by binding to its cognate receptor C5aR, expressed in myriad of tissues. Given the pleiotropic downstream function of hC5a, it is logical to consider the hC5a or its precursors as potential drug targets, and thus, we have been rationally pursuing the idea of neutralizing the harmful effect of excessive hC5a, by implementing the repurposing strategies for FDA-approved drugs. Indeed, the proof of principle biophysical studies published recently is encouraging, which strongly supports the potential of this strategy. Considering BSA-carprofen as a reference model system, the current study further explores the inherent conformational plasticity of hC5a and its effect in accommodating more than one drug molecule cooperatively at multiple sites. The data generated by recruiting a battery of experimental and computational biology techniques strongly suggest that hC5a can sequentially accommodate more than one raloxifene molecule with an estimated Ki ∼ 0.5 µM and Ki ∼ 3.58 µM on its surface at non-analogous sites. The study hints at exploration of polypharmacology approach, as a new avenue for discovering synergistic drug molecule pairs, or drug molecules with 'broad-range' binding affinity for targeting the different 'hot spots' on hC5a, as an alternative combination therapy for possible management of the 'cytokine storm'-related inflammatory diseases, like COVID19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lalita Mohan Behera
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Abstract
Medical surveillance and risk mitigation protocols to reduce viral transmission have underpinned the return of elite football during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the evidence-informed approach and surveillance findings from the English Football League across a 9-week period at the end of the 2019-20 season. Protocols were devised by the lead EFL Medical Advisor with specialist occupational medicine input. Isolation requirements for cases and contacts were in-line with UK Government regulations, with external contact tracing conducted by local public health authorities. Quantitative PCR testing was conducted twice weekly and within 72 hours of fixtures. Forty-three individuals, including 18 players returned positive tests. No positive results were returned after week 5 (round 10). Our findings support those from other leagues that with appropriate compliance, elite football can continue safely during this pandemic. We recommend that protocols and compliance should be revised as necessary according to community prevalence and changes in viral transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Basu
- English Football League (EFL) Occupational Medicine Advisor, Sheffield United Football Club, Sheffield, England
| | - Richard Higgins
- Lead Sports Physician for the North and English Football League (EFL) Medical Advisor, English Institute of Sport, Sheffield, England
| | - Aneil Malhotra
- Division of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Head of Medical Services, Queens Park Rangers Football and Athletic Club, Shepherd's Bush, London, England
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Peng J, Fan M, An C, Ni F, Huang W, Luo J. A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of Cannabidiol (CBD). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 130:439-456. [PMID: 35083862 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is an abundant non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid in Cannabis extracts which has high affinity on a series of receptors, including type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2), GPR55, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). By modulating the activities of these receptors, CBD exhibits multiple therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-cancer properties. CBD could also be applied to treat or prevent COVID-19 and its complications. Here, we provide a narrative review of CBD's applications in human diseases: from mechanism of action to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mingjie Fan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea An
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Feng Ni
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Sani H, Ndidi US, Adamu A, Katsayal BS, Sadiq IZ, Abubakar YS, Sulaiman I, Abubakar IB, Yusuf AP, Malami I, Ibrahim S, Abubakar MB. Epigenetic modifications associated with genes implicated in cytokine storm: The potential biotherapeutic effects of vitamins and minerals in COVID‐19. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14079. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Hadiza Sani
- Department of Medicine Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria
| | - Uche Samuel Ndidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | - Auwal Adamu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Sulaiman
- Department of Human Physiology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
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