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Zhao X, Li J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Jiang X, Long L, Wang J, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Li M, Li X, Zhang B, Liao J. A prospective cohort study of exposure to household pesticide with cardiovascular diseases mortality in older adults. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134316. [PMID: 38669923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of self-reported exposures, and urinary metabolites related to household pesticide with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older adults based on the 2007 to 2014 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Information on application and urinary metabolites related to household pesticide exposure were collected. We estimated the risks of household pesticide exposure, urinary metabolites with subsequent incident CVD death using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The indirect effects of urinary metabolites and effect modifications were examined. RESULTS The participants who reported exposure to household pesticide had a higher risk of incident CVD death (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.81). Per 1-log10 increase in urinary N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) related to household insect repellents was associated with a higher risk of incident CVD death (adjusted HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.40). Urinary DEET explained 4.21% of the total association between household pesticide exposure and CVD death risk. The participants who persisted a low level of health diet exhibited pronounced CVD death risks with household pesticide exposures. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to household pesticide, especially household insect repellents, was consistently associated with an elevated CVD death risk in older adults. A heatlhy diet could partly attenuate the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Research Center for Prevention and Therapy of Occupational Diseases, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Research Center for Prevention and Therapy of Occupational Diseases, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Yao
- Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Research Center for Prevention and Therapy of Occupational Diseases, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Research Center for Prevention and Therapy of Occupational Diseases, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Systematic Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Research Center for Prevention and Therapy of Occupational Diseases, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Brueck CL, Xin X, Lupolt SN, Kim BF, Santo RE, Lyu Q, Williams AJ, Nachman KE, Prasse C. (Non)targeted Chemical Analysis and Risk Assessment of Organic Contaminants in Darkibor Kale Grown at Rural and Urban Farms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3690-3701. [PMID: 38350027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the presence and human hazards associated with pesticides and other anthropogenic chemicals identified in kale grown in urban and rural environments. Pesticides and related compounds (i.e., surfactants and metabolites) in kale samples were evaluated using a nontargeted data acquisition for targeted analysis method which utilized a pesticide mixture containing >1,000 compounds for suspect screening and quantification. We modeled population-level exposures and assessed noncancer hazards to DEET, piperonyl butoxide, prometon, secbumeton, terbumeton, and spinosyn A using nationally representative estimates of kale consumption across life stages in the US. Our findings indicate even sensitive populations (e.g., pregnant women and children) are not likely to experience hazards from these select compounds were they to consume kale from this study. However, a strictly nontargeted chemical analytical approach identified a total of 1,822 features across all samples, and principal component analysis revealed that the kale chemical composition may have been impacted by agricultural growing practices and environmental factors. Confidence level 2 compounds that were ≥5 times more abundant in the urban samples than in rural samples (p < 0.05) included chemicals categorized as "flavoring and nutrients" and "surfactants" in the EPA's Chemicals and Products Database. Using the US-EPA's Cheminformatics Hazard Module, we identified that many of the nontarget compounds have predicted toxicity scores of "very high" for several end points related to human health. These aspects would have been overlooked using traditional targeted analysis methods, although more information is needed to ascertain whether the compounds identified through nontargeted analysis are of environmental or human health concern. As such, our approach enabled the identification of potentially hazardous compounds that, based on their hazard assessment score, merit follow-up investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Brueck
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Xin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sara N Lupolt
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Brent F Kim
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Raychel E Santo
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Qinfan Lyu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Antony J Williams
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Lingeman DG, O'Dell KL, Syed Z. Developing attractants and repellents for ticks: promises and challenges. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 63:101181. [PMID: 38401667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Historically, some of the most effective tools to counter vector-borne diseases have been those directed against the vectors. Ticks are undergoing a population explosion as evidenced by the recent expansion of their distribution range. Tick control has traditionally relied heavily on pesticides. However, sustained use of acaricides is resulting in resistant tick populations. Multipronged management strategies that build and expand upon innovative control methods are sorely needed. Behavior-modifying chemicals, referred to as semiochemicals, such as pheromones and repellents, offer a first line of personal protection against ticks. We review the current understanding of tick semiochemicals, and how such understanding is leading to the identification of novel chemistries that are effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Lingeman
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Kenneth L O'Dell
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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4
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Shin N, Lascarez-Lagunas LI, Henderson AL, Martínez-García M, Karthikraj R, Barrera V, Sui SH, Kannan K, Colaiácovo MP. Altered gene expression linked to germline dysfunction following exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to DEET. iScience 2024; 27:108699. [PMID: 38299026 PMCID: PMC10829882 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is a commonly used synthetic insect repellent. Although the neurological effects of DEET have been widely investigated, its effects on the germline are less understood. Here, we show that exposure of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is highly predictive of mammalian reprotoxicity, resulting in internal DEET levels within the range detected in human biological samples, causes activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent germ cell apoptosis, altered meiotic recombination, chromosome abnormalities, and missegregation. RNA-sequencing analysis links DEET-induced alterations in the expression of genes related to redox processes and chromatin structure to reduced mitochondrial function, impaired DNA double-strand break repair progression, and defects during early embryogenesis. We propose that Caenorhabditis elegans exposure to DEET interferes with gene expression, leading to increased oxidative stress and altered chromatin structure, resulting in germline effects that pose a risk to reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ayana L. Henderson
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Martínez-García
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Mónica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Creusot N, Huba K, Borel C, Ferrari BJD, Chèvre N, Hollender J. Identification of polar organic chemicals in the aquatic foodweb: Combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and trend analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108403. [PMID: 38224651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants requires prioritizing of substances taken up by biota as it is a starting point for potential adverse effects. Although knowledge about the occurrence of known chemical pollutants in aquatic organisms has significantly improved during the last decade, there is still a poor understanding for a broad range of more polar compounds. To tackle this issue, we proposed an approach that identifies bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable polar chemicals using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and combine it with trend analysis using hierarchical clustering. As a proof-of-concept, this approach was implemented on various organisms and compartments (sediment, litter leaves, periphytic biofilm, invertebrates and fish) collected from a small urban river. HRMS/MS data measured via data-independent acquisition mode were retrospectively analysed using two analytical strategies: (1) retrospective target and (2) suspect/non-target screening. In the retrospective target analysis, 56 of 361 substances spanning a broad range of contaminant classes were detected (i.e. 26 in fish, 18 in macroinvertebrates, 28 in leaves, 29 in periphyton and 32 in sediments, with only 7 common to all compartments), among which 49 could be quantified using reference standards. The suspect screening approach based on two suspect lists (in-house, Norman SusDat) led to the confirmation of 5 compounds with standards (three xenobiotics at level 1 and two lipids at level 2) and tentative identification of seven industrial or natural chemicals at level 2 and 3 through a mass spectra library match. Overall, this proof-of-concept study provided a more comprehensive picture of the exposure of biota to emerging contaminants (i.e., the internal chemical exposome) and potential bioaccumulation or biomagnification of polar compounds along the trophic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Creusot
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; INRAE, EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Gazinet-Cestas, France.
| | - Kristina Huba
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre), Lausanne/Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Wei C, He J, Wei Z, Huang Y, Xiong M, Deng C, Chen Z, Li W, Zhang X. Association between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide exposure and the odds of kidney stones in US adults: a population-based study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248674. [PMID: 38074723 PMCID: PMC10704602 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is limited research on the specific relationship between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) exposure and the odds of kidney stones. We aimed to investigate the relationship between DEET exposure and the prevalence of kidney stones. Methods We included 7,567 qualified participants in our research from the 2007-2016 NHANES survey. We carried out three logistic regression models to explore the potential association between DEET exposure and the odds of kidney stones. Spline smoothing with generalized additive models (GAM) was utilized to assess the non-linear relationship and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves was to determine the dose-response association. Multivariate regression models were used to conduct stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results Baseline characteristics of study participants presented the distribution of covariables. Regression analysis revealed that the odds of kidney stones were positively associated with the main metabolites of 3-diethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid (DCBA) (log2) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08). The fourth quartile of urine DCBA showed a greater risk of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.72). Another DEET metabolite of N, N-diethyl-3-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) was used to confirm the accuracy and stability of the results. The spline smoothing curve represented two main DEET metabolites had similar no-linear relationships and a positive trend with kidney stones proportion. RCS implied that the incidence of kidney stones rose with increasing levels of DEET exposure. High-risk groups on kidney stones were exhibited by stratified analysis under DEET exposure. Conclusion Our study suggests that DEET exposure is positively associated with odds of kidney stones. Further investigation into the underlying processes of this association is required to guide the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wei
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiatai He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqi Deng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Arlos MJ, Arnold VI, Bumagat JS, Zhou J, Cereno KM, Deas A, Dai K, Ruecker NJ, Munkittrick KR. Combining chemical, bioanalytical and predictive tools to assess persistence, seasonality, and sporadic releases of organic micropollutants within the urban water cycle. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120454. [PMID: 37586251 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with large volume direct injection and quantitation via isotope dilution, we evaluated the presence of 55 organic micropollutants in wastewater effluents, and locations within the Bow River and Elbow River watersheds in and around the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In addition to establishing baseline micropollutant data for water utility operations, our study aimed to enhance our understanding of micropollutant behavior in the urban water cycle, assess the contributions of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to downstream receiving waters, explain the potential causes of total estrogenicity measured using the yeast-estrogen screen assay (YES), and prioritize a subset of substances for continuous monitoring. With data spanning 48 months and 95 river km, our results indicate the extensive persistence of metformin (antidiabetic), seasonality of N,N‑diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET, insect repellant), O-desmethylvenlafaxine (antidepressant metabolite), and sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) in source waters, and sporadic detections of a well-known perfluoroalkyl substance (PFOA). The seasonality of pharmaceuticals at the sentinel downstream monitoring site appeared to coincide with river dilution while that of DEET was likely attributable to peak usage during the warmer months. Steroidal estrogens were rarely detected in wastewater effluents although total estrogenicity via YES was evident, suggesting the presence of less potent but more abundant non-steroidal estrogens (e.g., flame retardants, bisphenols, and phthalates). A conservative mass balance analysis suggests that the largest WWTP (serving a population of >1 million) consistently contributed the highest load of micropollutants, with the exception of metformin, which appeared to be influenced by a smaller WWTP (serving 115,000) that operates a different activated sludge process. We consider metformin, sucralose, diclofenac, and venlafaxine as more effective conservative tracers of wastewater pollution due to their notably higher concentrations and persistence in the Bow River compared to carbamazepine and caffeine, respectively. Finally, hierarchical clustering revealed a close association between E. coli and caffeine, supporting the use of caffeine as an indicator of short-term, untreated anthropogenic inputs. Overall, this study yields valuable insights on the presence, behavior, and sources of organic micropollutants in the urban water cycle and identifies indicators of anthropogenic impacts that are useful for prioritizing future monitoring campaigns in Calgary and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricor J Arlos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Victoria I Arnold
- Water Services, The City of Calgary, P.O. Box 2100, Stn. M, Calgary, Alberta T2P 2M5, Canada.
| | - J Seth Bumagat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jiangboyuan Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Katrina M Cereno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Alison Deas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kaiping Dai
- Water Services, The City of Calgary, P.O. Box 2100, Stn. M, Calgary, Alberta T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Norma J Ruecker
- Water Services, The City of Calgary, P.O. Box 2100, Stn. M, Calgary, Alberta T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Kelly R Munkittrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Rizzi C, Seveso D, De Grandis C, Montalbetti E, Lancini S, Galli P, Villa S. Bioconcentration and cellular effects of emerging contaminants in sponges from Maldivian coral reefs: A managing tool for sustainable tourism. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115084. [PMID: 37257411 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tourism is the main income source for the Maldives, but concurrently, it represents a growing threat to its marine ecosystem. Here, we monitored the bioaccumulation of 15 emerging contaminants (ECs) in the Maldivian reef sponges Spheciospongia vagabunda collected in two resort islands (Athuruga and Thudufushi, Ari Atoll) and an inhabited island (Magoodhoo, Faafu Atoll), and we analysed their impact on different sponge cellular stress biomarkers. Caffeine and the insect repellent DEET were detected in sponges of all the islands, whereas the antibiotic erythromycin and the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor were found in resort islands only. Although concentrations were approximately a few ng/g d.w., we quantified various induced cellular effects, in particular an increase of the levels of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase involved in cell detoxification. Our results highlight the importance to increase awareness on ECs pollution, promoting the use of more environmental friendly products to achieving the sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Rizzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives.
| | - Chiara De Grandis
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Enrico Montalbetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - Stefania Lancini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Centre), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives; University of Dubai, PO Box: 14143, Dubai Academic City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, Milano 20126, Italy
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Nozaki K, Tanoue R, Kunisue T, Tue NM, Fujii S, Sudo N, Isobe T, Nakayama K, Sudaryanto A, Subramanian A, Bulbule KA, Parthasarathy P, Tuyen LH, Viet PH, Kondo M, Tanabe S, Nomiyama K. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water and fish from three Asian countries: Species-specific bioaccumulation and potential ecological risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161258. [PMID: 36587684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Asian developing countries, undeveloped and ineffective sewer systems are causing surface water pollution by a lot of contaminants, especially pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Therefore, the risks for freshwater fauna need to be assessed. The present study aimed at: i) elucidating the contamination status; ii) evaluating the bioaccumulation; and iii) assessing the potential risks of PPCP residues in surface water and freshwater fish from three Asian countries. We measured 43 PPCPs in the plasma of several fish species as well as ambient water samples collected from India (Chennai and Bengaluru), Indonesia (Jakarta and Tangerang), and Vietnam (Hanoi and Hoa Binh). In addition, the validity of the existing fish blood-water partitioning model based solely on the lipophilicity of chemicals is assessed for ionizable and readily metabolizable PPCPs. When comparing bioaccumulation factors calculated from the PPCP concentrations measured in the fish and water (BAFmeasured) with bioconcentration factors predicted from their pH-dependent octanol-water partition coefficient (BCFpredicted), close values (within an order of magnitude) were observed for 58-91 % of the detected compounds. Nevertheless, up to 110 times higher plasma BAFmeasured than the BCFpredicted were found for the antihistamine chlorpheniramine in tilapia but not in other fish species. The plasma BAFmeasured values of the compound were significantly different in the three fish species (tilapia > carp > catfish), possibly due to species-specific differences in toxicokinetics (e.g., plasma protein binding and hepatic metabolism). Results of potential risk evaluation based on the PPCP concentrations measured in the fish plasma suggested that chlorpheniramine, triclosan, haloperidol, triclocarban, diclofenac, and diphenhydramine can pose potential adverse effects on wild fish. Results of potential risk evaluation based on the PPCP concentrations measured in the surface water indicated high ecological risks of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and triclosan on Asian freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Nozaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan; Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Sadahiko Fujii
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Nao Sudo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8506, Japan
| | - Kei Nakayama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Agus Sudaryanto
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 820, Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Keshav A Bulbule
- KLE Society's S. Nijalingappa College, 2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangaluru 560 010, India
| | - Peethambaram Parthasarathy
- E-Parisaraa Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 30-P3, Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board, Dobaspet Industrial Area, Bengaluru 562 111, India
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yamaguchi 759 6595, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
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10
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Chibwe L, De Silva AO, Spencer C, Teixera CF, Williamson M, Wang X, Muir DCG. Target and Nontarget Screening of Organic Chemicals and Metals in Recycled Plastic Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3380-3390. [PMID: 36787488 PMCID: PMC9979653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased demand for recycling plastic has prompted concerns regarding potential introduction of hazardous chemicals into recycled goods. We present a broad screening of chemicals in 21 plastic flake and pellet samples from Canadian recycling companies. From target analysis, the organophosphorus ester flame retardants and plasticizers exhibited the highest detection frequencies (DFs) (5-100%) and concentrations (<DL-4,700 ng/g), followed by brominated/chlorinated flame retardants (<DL-2,150 ng/g, 5-76% DFs). The perfluoroalkyl acids were least detected at the lowest concentrations (<0.01-0.70 ng/g, 5-19% DFs). Using nontargeted analysis, 217 chemicals were identified as Level 1 (authentic standard) or 2 (library match), with estimated individual concentrations up to 1030 ng/g (highest: 2-hexyl hydroxy benzoate, 100% DF). Total (Σ60) element concentrations were between 0.005 and 2,980 mg/kg, with highest concentrations for calcium (2,980 mg/kg), sodium (617 mg/kg), and iron (156 mg/kg). Collectively >280 chemicals were detected in recycled plastic pellets and flakes, suggesting potential incorporation into recycled goods. Individual concentrations indicate unintentional trace contamination following European Union threshold limits for recycled granules (500 mg/kg) and waste plastic flakes (1,000 mg/kg), although do not reflect toxicological thresholds, if any. Our study highlights that while recycling addresses sustainability goals, additional screening of goods and products made from recycled plastics is needed to fully document potentially hazardous chemicals and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Chibwe
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
- Institute
for Environmental Change and Society, University
of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Amila O. De Silva
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Christine Spencer
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Camilla F. Teixera
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mary Williamson
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Xiaowa Wang
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Derek C. G. Muir
- Aquatic
Contaminants Research Division, Environment
Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
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11
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Nielsen NJ, Christensen P, Poulsen KG, Christensen JH. Investigation of micropollutants in household waste fractions processed by anaerobic digestion: target analysis, suspect- and non-target screening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48491-48507. [PMID: 36763273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Household waste represents a major source of energy, nutrients, and recyclable material. In order to exploit benefits and avoid hazards in the context of circular economy, the risk profile towards human and the environment should be assessed. Here, we investigated the presence of micropollutants by quantitative target analysis, suspect and non-target screening and evaluated changes in the chemical fingerprint upon anaerobic digestion. Extracts were analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-one of 51 target micropollutants were detected in low ng/mL levels except for few detections at µg/mL levels. The micropollutants quantified in this study included the following: pharmaceuticals (salicylic acid, amitriptyline, carbamazepine); biocides (triclocarban, 2-phenylphenol); industrial compounds used in, e.g., paper industry (pentachlorphenol, PFOS, PFOA, bisphenol A); aromatics, polycyclic aromatics, and heteroaromatics, and their alkylated, hydroxylated, or carboxylated analogues. Fifty of 206 compounds from the suspect screening list were tentatively identified. These included phthalates, methylparaben, phenol, benzophenone, and pharmaceuticals, e.g., ibuprofen. Most compounds detected by GC-MS decreased more than twofold in peak height or remained unaffected by the anaerobic digestion, and very few increased more than twofold, e.g., p-cresol, menthol, and octadecanal. From the LC-HRMS non-target screening analysis, 250 chemical components were resolved using the multiway curve resolution technique PARAFAC2; of these, carbidopa was the only identified unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoline J Nielsen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Christensen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer G Poulsen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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12
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Merel S. Critical assessment of the Kendrick mass defect analysis as an innovative approach to process high resolution mass spectrometry data for environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137443. [PMID: 36464021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing application of high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) over the last decades has dramatically improved our knowledge about the occurrence of environmental contaminants. However, most of the compounds detected remain unknown and the large volume of data generated requires specific processing approaches. Therefore, this study presents the concepts of mass defect (MD), Kendrick mass (KM) and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) to the expert and non-expert reader along with relevant examples of applications in environmental HRMS data processing. A preliminary bibliometric overview indicates that the potential benefits of KMD analysis are rather overlooked in environmental science. In practice, a simple calculation allows transforming a mass from the IUPAC system (normalized so that the mass of 12C is exactly 12) to its corresponding KM normalized on a specific moiety such as CH2 (the mass of CH2 is exactly 14). Then, plotting the KMD according to the nominal KM allows revealing groups of compounds that differ only by their number of CH2 moieties. For instance, data processing using KM and KMD was proven particularly useful to characterize natural organic matter in a sample, to reveal the occurrence of polymers as well as poly/perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs), and to search for transformation products (TPs) of a given chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merel
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France.
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13
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Astuti MP, Notodarmojo S, Priadi CR, Padhye LP. Contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21512-21532. [PMID: 36272003 PMCID: PMC9938049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first set of quantitative data on the occurrence and fate of a wide range of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in Indonesia's largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The WWTP employs waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) as the secondary treatment before discharging the effluent to the Citarum River. Fourteen out of twenty-two monitored CECs were detected in the wastewater influent, and seven were present in the effluent, with a total concentration of 29.8 ± 0.4 µg/L and 0.5 ± 0.0 µg/L, respectively. The occurrence of the CECs in this study was found to be well correlated with their possible use and known detection in surface waters in Indonesia. Caffeine (CAF) at 12.2 ± 0.1 µg/L, acetaminophen (ACT) at 9.1 ± 0.1 µg/L, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) at 5.0 ± 0.1 µg/L, ibuprofen (IBU) at 2.3 ± 0.0 µg/L, and triclosan (TCS) at 470 ± 64 ng/L were discovered as the five most prevalent CECs, followed by bisphenol A (BPA), trimethoprim (TMP), Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), sulfamethazine (SMZ), carbamazepine (CBZ), fluoxetine (FLX), benzotriazole (BTA), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and metformin (METF). Biodegradable CECs (SMX, SMZ, ACT, IBU, TCS, BPA, CAF, DEET, and TMP) were efficiently removed (83-100%) by the WSP. In contrast, recalcitrant CECs achieved poor removal efficiencies (e.g., FLX at 24%), and for others, treatment processes even resulted in elevated concentrations in the effluent (CBZ by 85%, TCEP by 149%, and BTA by 92%). The CECs' influent concentrations were determined to pose a moderate aquatic cumulative risk, while no such risk was associated with their effluent concentrations. The study demonstrates the importance of conventional WWTPs in reducing the concentrations of CECs to minimize their aquatic contamination risk. The findings are relevant for countries, such as Indonesia, with limited resources for advanced centralized wastewater treatments, and which are exploring the efficacy of centralized WSP against the existing decentralized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryani Paramita Astuti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, President University, Cikarang, Indonesia
| | - Suprihanto Notodarmojo
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Rianti Priadi
- Environmental Engineering Study Program, Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Indonesia (UI), Depok, Indonesia
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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14
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Robinson RFA, Mills GA, Gravell A, Schumacher M, Fones GR. Occurrence of organic pollutants in the River Itchen and River Test-two chalk streams in Southern England, UK. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17965-17983. [PMID: 36205867 PMCID: PMC9928825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The River Itchen and River Test, two chalk streams in Southern England, are sites of special scientific interest. These ecosystems face a number of environmental pressures from anthropogenic inputs of organic pollutants. Hence, we investigated the occurrence of these chemicals within the two catchments. Spot water samples (1 L) were collected at nineteen sites along the catchment on two occasions (March and June 2019). Samples were extracted (HLB-L sorbent disks) and analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified against commercially available databases. Using this approach, we found 115 pharmaceutical and personal care products, 81 plant protection products and 35 industrial chemicals. This complex mixture of pollutants covered a range of physico-chemical properties and included priority substances in the EU Water Framework Directive or currently on the third Watch List. Both rivers had similar chemical profiles for both months. Herbicides and fungicides were dominant in the spring, whereas insecticides occurred more frequently in the summer. Point discharges from wastewater treatment plants were the main source of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Agricultural activities were the main contributor to the presence of plant protection products. The impact of these organic chemicals on the ecology, particularly on macroinvertebrate biodiversity, is unknown and warrants further investigation. Our suspect screening approach could guide future toxicological investigations to assess the environmental impacts of these diverse chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund F A Robinson
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Melanie Schumacher
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
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15
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Colás-Ruiz NR, Courant F, Gomez E, Lara-Martín PA, Hampel M. Transcriptomic and metabolomic integration to assess the response of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) exposed to the most used insect repellent: DEET. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120678. [PMID: 36403875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DEET is one of the most frequently detected insect repellents in the environment reaching concentrations of several μg L-1 in surface water. There is scarce information available regarding its mode of action in non-target organisms. Here, we have used an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to elucidate the possible adverse effects of DEET exposure in the marine fish gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Individuals were exposed at an environmentally relevant concentration of DEET (10 μg L-1) for 22 days in a continuous flow-through system. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 250 differentially expressed genes in liver, while metabolomic analysis identified 190 differentially modulated features in liver and 98 in plasma. Multi-omic data integration and visualization allowed elucidation of the modes of action of DEET exposure, including: energy depletion through the disruption of carbohydrate and amino acids metabolisms, oxidative stress leading to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and damage to cell membrane and apoptosis. Activation of xenobiotic pathway as well as the inmune-inflammatory reaction was evidenced in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves R Colás-Ruiz
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CASEM), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Frédérique Courant
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CASEM), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CASEM), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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16
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Vázquez-Tapia I, Salazar-Martínez T, Acosta-Castro M, Meléndez-Castolo KA, Mahlknecht J, Cervantes-Avilés P, Capparelli MV, Mora A. Occurrence of emerging organic contaminants and endocrine disruptors in different water compartments in Mexico - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136285. [PMID: 36057353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review compiles the studies (2007-2021) regarding the occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and endocrine disruptors (EDs) in wastewater, surface water and groundwater in Mexico. A total of 174 compounds were detected, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, plasticizers, personal care products, sweeteners, drugs, and pesticides considered as EDs. The levels of EOCs and EDs varied from ng/L to 140 mg/L, depending on the compound, location, and compartment. Raw wastewater was the most studied matrix, showing a greater abundance and number of detected compounds. Nevertheless, surface waters showed high concentrations of bisphenol-A, butylbenzil-phthalate, triclosan, pentachlorophenol, and the hormones estrone, 17 α-ethinylestradiol, and 17 β-estradiol, which exceeded the thresholds set by international guidelines. Concentrations of 17 α-ethinylestradiol and triclosan exceeding the above-mentioned limits were reported in groundwater. Cropland irrigation with raw wastewater was the principal activity introducing EOCs and EDs into groundwater. The groundwater abundance of EOCs was considerably lesser than that of wastewater, highlighting the attenuation capacity of soils/aquifers during wastewater infiltration. However, carbamazepine and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide showed higher concentrations in groundwater than those in wastewater, suggesting their accumulation/concentration in soils/pore-waters. Although the contamination of water resources represents one of the most environmental concerns in Mexico, this review brings to light the lack of studies on the occurrence of EOCs in Mexican waters, which is important for public health policies and for developing legislations that incorporates EOCs as priority contaminants in national water quality guidelines. Consequently, the development of legislations will support regulatory compliance for wastewater and drinking water, reducing the human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivón Vázquez-Tapia
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla, 72453, Mexico
| | - Tania Salazar-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla, 72453, Mexico
| | - Mariana Acosta-Castro
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla, 72453, Mexico
| | - Karen Andrea Meléndez-Castolo
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla, 72453, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Pabel Cervantes-Avilés
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla, 72453, Mexico
| | - Mariana V Capparelli
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Estación El Carmen, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad del Carmen, 24157, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla, 72453, Mexico.
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17
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Tisler S, Christensen JH. Nontargeted Screening in Environmental Analysis: An Example Showing Migration of Chemicals from Reusable Sports Plastic Bottles into Drinking Water. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.bl8085j2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this extended special feature to celebrate the 35th anniversary edition of LCGC Europe, leading figures from the separation science community explore contemporary trends in separation science and identify possible future developments.
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18
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Lee X, Wong C, Coats J, Paskewitz S. Field Evaluations of Three Botanically Inspired Repellents Against the Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1694-1699. [PMID: 35920052 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three compounds synthetically-derived from botanicals sources, ethyl perillyl carbonate, geranyl isovalerate, and citronellyl cyclobutane carboxylate, were tested for repellent activity against Ixodes scapularis Say in a field trial. Tick drags were treated with the compounds or with N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) at high (0.25 mg/cm2) or low (0.16 mg/cm2) concentrations. Negative controls included untreated drags and drags treated with acetone, the carrier for all repellents. Freshly treated drags (within 20 min) were used to collect I. scapularis ticks at a county park in Wisconsin. To assess effectiveness, we measured tick encounter rates, detachment rate, and time to detachment. None of the repellent treatments, including DEET, resulted in significantly fewer encounters compared to both control treatments. However, the percentage of ticks that detached within 3 min was significantly higher on drags treated with repellents compared to controls. DEET was the most effective, repelling 69.7-87% of ticks by 3 min, but the effectiveness of the three test compounds was still high, with 42-87% of ticks detaching by 3 min. For time to detachment, there were no significant differences between DEET and the three test compounds. We conclude that these synthetically-derived repellents were effective against I. scapularis in a field trial and could be viable alternatives to DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin Wong
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joel Coats
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Susan Paskewitz
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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19
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Taylor AC, Mills GA, Gravell A, Kerwick M, Fones GR. Pesticide fate during drinking water treatment determined through passive sampling combined with suspect screening and multivariate statistical analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118865. [PMID: 35868101 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants such as polar pesticides pose a potential risk to human health due to their presence in drinking water. However, their occurrence and fate in drinking water treatment plants is poorly understood. In this study we use passive sampling coupled to suspect screening and multivariate analysis to describe pesticide fate throughout the treatment stream of an operational drinking water treatment plant. ChemcatcherÒ passive sampling devices were deployed at sites (n = 6) positioned at all stages of the treatment stream during consecutive deployments (n = 20) over a twelve-month period. Sample extracts (n = 120) were analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and compounds identified against a commercially available database. A total of 58 pesticides and transformation products from different classes were detected. Statistical analysis of the qualitative screening data was performed to identify clusters of pesticides with similar fate during ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, and chlorination. The performance of each treatment process was investigated. Adsorption to GAC media was found to account for the greatest proportion of pesticide attenuation (average removal of 70% based on detection frequency), however, operational performance varied for certain pesticides during periods of episodic and sustained pollution. GAC breakthrough occurred for 21 compounds detected in the GAC filtrate. Eleven pesticides were found to occur in potable water following treatment. We developed a management plan containing controls, triggers, and responses, for five pesticides and a metabolite (atrazine, atrazine desethyl, DEET, dichlorobenzamide, metazachlor, and propyzamide) prioritised based on their current and future risk to treated water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Taylor
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Kerwick
- Southern Water Services, Southern House, Yeoman Road, Worthing, West Sussex BN13 3NX, United Kingdom
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom.
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20
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Tisler S, Christensen JH. Non-target screening for the identification of migrating compounds from reusable plastic bottles into drinking water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128331. [PMID: 35091188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reusable plastic sports bottles are used extensively worldwide, and little is known about the migration of chemicals from the bottles into drinking water. In this study, we investigated the chemical migration into drinking water stored for 24 h in new bottles, used bottles and bottles washed in the dishwasher. Non-target screening (NTS) by liquid-chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was performed to identify these compounds. We detected > 3500 dishwasher related compounds, with 430 showing migration even after subsequent flushing of the bottles. In addition, more than 400 plastic related compounds were detected, with high peaks for oligomers suspected to originate from the biodegradable polyester polycaprolactone, and aromatic amines, which may have been introduced as slip agents or antioxidants. These compounds have never been reported before in bottled water. Most of the identified compounds migrating out of the used bottles were plasticizers, antioxidants or photoinitiators. The presence of photoinitiators are of particular concern, due to possible endocrine disrupting effects. Furthermore, diethyltoluamide (DEET) was detected, which may have been formed from the plasticizer laurolactam. Typically, the dishwashing process enhanced the leaching of plastic related compounds, and even after additional water flushing, the average peak intensity of these compounds was only reduced by half.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Tisler
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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21
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Malnes D, Ahrens L, Köhler S, Forsberg M, Golovko O. Occurrence and mass flows of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and associated rivers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133825. [PMID: 35114267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a concern in aquatic environments due to possible adverse effects on the environment and humans. This study assessed the occurrence and mass flows of CECs in Sweden's three largest lakes and 24 associated rivers. The occurrence and distribution of 105 CECs was investigated, comprising 71 pharmaceuticals, 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), eight industrial chemicals, four personal care products (PCPs), three parabens, two pesticides, and four other CECs (mostly anthropogenic markers). This is the first systematic study of CECs in Sweden's main lakes and one of the first to report environmental concentrations of the industrial chemicals tributyl citrate acetate and 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl-ether. The ∑CEC concentration was generally higher in river water (31-5200 ng/L; median 440 ng/L) than in lake water (36-900 ng/L; median 190 ng/L). At urban lake sites, seasonal variations were observed for PCPs and parabens, and also for antihistamines, antidiabetics, antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, and fungicides. The median mass CEC load in river water was 180 g/day (range 4.0-4300 g/day), with a total mass load of 5000 g/day to Lake Vänern, 510 g/day to Lake Vättern, and 5600 g/day to Lake Mälaren. All three lakes are used as drinking water reservoirs, so further investigations of the impact of CECs on the ecosystem and human health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden; Uppsala Water and Waste AB, Uppsala, SE, 754 50, Sweden
| | - Malin Forsberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
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22
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Li JY, Hu R, Shan L, Liu ZQ, Yang SQ, Yang J, Sun F, Cui YH. Effect of operating conditions and water matrix on the performance of UV combined electrochemical process for treating Chloride-containing solution and its reaction mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Feng J, Lan H, Tao Q, Chen W, Dai Q. Electrochemical oxidation of a typical PPCP wastewater with a novel high-efficiency PbO2 anode based on NCNSs and Ce co-modification: parameter optimization and degradation mechanism. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Wang YQ, Hu LX, Zhao JH, Han Y, Liu YS, Zhao JL, Yang B, Ying GG. Suspect, non-target and target screening of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in a drinking water system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151866. [PMID: 34822902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water quality and safety are very important in protecting human health. Chemical contaminants in drinking water system have become an increasing concern. Our knowledge about what chemicals are present in drinking water is still limited. Here we screened chemicals of emerging concern in a conventional drinking water system based on suspect, non-target screening and target analysis, and assessed their variations in different seasons and different treatment units. Overall, 720 chemicals were identified with HRMS databases from the suspect and non-target screening and 48 chemicals in five categories were further confirmed with the high confidence level, with predominance of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides. Four compounds are newly found in aquatic environment with no literature or chemical occurrence data record. Temporal variations and variable removals were observed for these chemicals in the system. Target analysis of 110 PPCPs showed detection of 21, 19 and 22 compounds in the drinking water treatment plant with a concentration range of 0.11-844 ng/L in the three seasons, but only 8, 9 and 15 compounds detected in tap water (0.16-32.5 ng/L). The variations of the detected chemicals were less obvious in tap water, with most having concentrations below 2 ng/L. The results indicated efficient removal for most PPCPs in the drinking water system. The findings from this study demonstrated the strong capability of combined non-target screening and target analysis in identifying and assessing various organic chemicals in drinking water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Han
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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25
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Lopez C, Nnorom MA, Tsang YF, Knapp CW. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products' (PPCPs) impact on enriched nitrifying cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60968-60980. [PMID: 34165737 PMCID: PMC8580922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) on the performance of biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been widely studied using whole-community approaches. These contaminants affect the capacity of microbial communities to transform nutrients; however, most have neither honed their examination on the nitrifying communities directly nor considered the impact on individual populations. In this study, six PPCPs commonly found in WWTPs, including a stimulant (caffeine), an antimicrobial agent (triclosan), an insect repellent ingredient (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)) and antibiotics (ampicillin, colistin and ofloxacin), were selected to assess their short-term toxic effect on enriched nitrifying cultures: Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. The results showed that triclosan exhibited the greatest inhibition on nitrification with EC50 of 89.1 μg L-1. From the selected antibiotics, colistin significantly affected the overall nitrification with the lowest EC50 of 1 mg L-1, and a more pronounced inhibitory effect on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) compared to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The EC50 of ampicillin and ofloxacin was 23.7 and 12.7 mg L-1, respectively. Additionally, experimental data suggested that nitrifying bacteria were insensitive to the presence of caffeine. In the case of DEET, moderate inhibition of nitrification (<40%) was observed at 10 mg L-1. These findings contribute to the understanding of the response of nitrifying communities in presence of PPCPs, which play an essential role in biological nitrification in WWTPs. Knowing specific community responses helps develop mitigation measures to improve system resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lopez
- Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability & Public Health, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Mac-Anthony Nnorom
- Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability & Public Health, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability & Public Health, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK.
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26
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Assessment of Environmental Pollution and Human Exposure to Pesticides by Wastewater Analysis in a Seven-Year Study in Athens, Greece. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100260. [PMID: 34678955 PMCID: PMC8537104 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been used in large amounts around the world for decades and are responsible for environmental pollution and various adverse effects on human health. Analysis of untreated wastewater can deliver useful information on pesticides’ use in a particular area and allow the assessment of human exposure to certain substances. A wide-scope screening method, based on liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was applied, using both target and suspect screening methodologies. Daily composite influent wastewater samples were collected for seven or eight consecutive days in Athens between 2014 and 2020 and analyzed for 756 pesticides, their environmental transformation products and their human metabolites. Forty pesticides were quantified at mean concentrations up to 4.9 µg/L (tralkoxydim). The most abundant class was fungicides followed by herbicides, insect repellents, insecticides and plant growth regulators. In addition, pesticide transformation products and/or metabolites were detected with high frequency, indicating that research should be focused on them. Human exposure was evaluated using the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach and 3-ethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid and cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide were proposed as potential WBE biomarkers. Wastewater analysis revealed the presence of unapproved pesticides and indicated that there is an urgent need to include more transformation products in target databases.
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27
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de Morais E Silva L, Alves VM, Dantas ERB, Scotti L, Lopes WS, Muratov EN, Scotti MT. Chemical safety assessment of transformation products of landfill leachate formed during the Fenton process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126438. [PMID: 34182425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic chemicals identified in raw landfill leachate (LL) and their transformation products (TPs), formed during Fenton treatment, were analyzed for chemical safety following REACH guidelines. The raw LL was located in the metropolitan region of Campina Grande, in northeast Brazil. We elucidated 197 unique chemical structures, including 154 compounds that were present in raw LL and 82 compounds that were detected in the treated LL, totaling 39 persistent compounds and 43 TPs. In silico models were developed to identify and prioritize the potential level of hazard/risk these compounds pose to the environment and society. The models revealed that the Fenton process improved the biodegradability of TPs. Still, a slight increase in ecotoxicological effects was observed among the compounds in treated LL compared with those present in raw LL. No differences were observed for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and antioxidant response element (ARE) mutagenicity. Similar behavior among both raw and treated LL samples was observed for biodegradability; Tetrahymena pyriformis, Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas and ARE, AhR, and Ames mutagenicity. Overall, our results suggest that raw and treated LL samples have similar activity profiles for all endpoints other than biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana de Morais E Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, 58429-500 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Edilma R B Dantas
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, 58429-500 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Wilton Silva Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, 58429-500 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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28
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Taylor AC, Mills GA, Gravell A, Kerwick M, Fones GR. Passive sampling with suspect screening of polar pesticides and multivariate analysis in river catchments: Informing environmental risk assessments and designing future monitoring programmes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147519. [PMID: 33992941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of surface water by polar pesticides is a major environmental risk, particularly in river catchments where potable water supplies are abstracted. In these cases, there is a need to understand pesticide sources, occurrence and fate. Hence, we developed a novel strategy to improve water quality management at the catchment scale using passive sampling coupled to suspect screening and multivariate analysis. Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices were deployed (14 days) over a 12 month period at eight sites (including a water supply works abstraction site) in the Western Rother, a river catchment in South East England. Sample extracts (n = 197) were analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and compounds identified against a commercially available database. A total of 128 pesticides from different classes were found. Statistical analysis of the qualitative screening data was used to identify clusters of pesticides with similar spatiotemporal pollution patterns. This enabled pesticide sources and fate to be identified. At the water supply works abstraction site, spot sampling and passive sampling were found to be complementary, however, the passive sampling method in conjunction with suspect screening detected 50 pesticides missed by spot sampling combined with targeted analysis. Geospatial data describing pesticide application rates was found to be poorly correlated to their detection frequency using the Chemcatcher®. Our analysis prioritised 61 pesticides for inclusion in a future water quality risk assessment at the abstraction site. It was also possible to design a seasonal monitoring programme to effectively characterise the spatiotemporal pesticide profiles within the catchment. A work flow of how to incorporate passive sampling coupled to suspect screening into existing regulatory monitoring is proposed. Our novel approach will enable water quality managers to target the mitigation (non-engineered actions) of pesticide pollution within the catchment and hence, to better inform drinking water treatment processes and save on operational costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Taylor
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark Kerwick
- Southern Water Services, Southern House, Yeoman Road, Worthing, West Sussex BN13 3NX, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK.
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29
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Pereira KL, Ward MW, Wilkinson JL, Sallach JB, Bryant DJ, Dixon WJ, Hamilton JF, Lewis AC. An Automated Methodology for Non-targeted Compositional Analysis of Small Molecules in High Complexity Environmental Matrices Using Coupled Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7365-7375. [PMID: 34006107 PMCID: PMC8277131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The life-critical matrices of air and water are among the most complex chemical mixtures that are ever encountered. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometers, such as the Orbitrap, provide unprecedented analytical capabilities to probe the molecular composition of such matrices, but the extraction of non-targeted chemical information is impractical to perform via manual data processing. Automated non-targeted tools rapidly extract the chemical information of all detected compounds within a sample dataset. However, these methods have not been exploited in the environmental sciences. Here, we provide an automated and (for the first time) rigorously tested methodology for the non-targeted compositional analysis of environmental matrices using coupled liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric data. First, the robustness and reproducibility was tested using authentic standards, evaluating performance as a function of concentration, ionization potential, and sample complexity. The method was then used for the compositional analysis of particulate matter and surface waters collected from worldwide locations. The method detected >9600 compounds in the individual environmental samples, arising from critical pollutant sources, including carcinogenic industrial chemicals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals among others. This methodology offers considerable advances in the environmental sciences, providing a more complete assessment of sample compositions while significantly increasing throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Pereira
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- . Tel.: +44 (0)1904 321220
| | - Martyn W. Ward
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - John L. Wilkinson
- Department
of Environment and Geography, University
of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
| | | | - Daniel J. Bryant
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - William J. Dixon
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Alastair C. Lewis
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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30
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Zhu T, Deng J, Xu M, Cai A, Ye C, Li J, Li X, Li Q. DEET degradation in UV/monochloramine process: Kinetics, degradation pathway, toxicity and energy consumption analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126962. [PMID: 32402887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) in aqueous solution by the UV/monochloramine (UV/NH2Cl) process was examined systematically in this study. DEET was resistant to UV photolysis and chloramination, while the synchronous combination of UV irradiation and NH2Cl can effectively eliminate DEET, which was caused by the generation of hydroxyl radicals and reactive chlorine species. The former played the critical role in DEET degradation, while the contribution of the latter can be ignored. Under all investigated experimental conditions, DEET degradation in the UV/NH2Cl process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The water quality parameters exerted the complicated impact. Reducing solution pH and raising water temperature both favored the DEET removal. The presence of sulfate, humic acid and fulvic acid accelerated the degradation, while the introduction of bicarbonate and high-concentration chloride retarded the removal. The plausible degradation pathways of DEET in the UV/NH2Cl process were proposed through the combination of QTOF/MS analysis and DFT calculation, and mainly involved in the cleavage of C-N bond, dealkylation, mono- and polyhydroxylation. The acute toxicity of reacted solution underwent a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the prolonged irradiation time, which can be well illustrated by quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. Electrical energy per order was employed to determine the energy consumption and the optimal conditions were determined as UV fluence of 369.9-493.2 mJ cm-2 and NH2Cl dosage of 5-20 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Qiongsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Yu X, Sui Q, Lyu S, Zhao W, Liu J, Cai Z, Yu G, Barcelo D. Municipal Solid Waste Landfills: An Underestimated Source of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in the Water Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9757-9768. [PMID: 32560585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have been the focus of increasing concern in recent decades due to their ubiquity in the environment and potential risks. Out-of-date PPCPs are usually discharged into municipal solid wastes (MSWs), enter the leachates in MSW landfills, and have serious adverse effects on the surrounding water environment. However, the occurrence and removal of PPCPs from landfill leachates have rarely been examined to date. This lack of knowledge makes the landfill an underestimated source of PPCPs in the environment. In this review, we collected the relevant publications of PPCPs in landfill leachates, systematically summarized the occurrence of PPCPs in landfill leachates globally, evaluated the removal performances for various PPCPs by different types of on-site full-scale leachate treatment processes, and assessed the impacts of landfill leachates on PPCPs in the adjacent groundwater. In particular, influencing factors for PPCPs in landfill leachates, including the physicochemical properties of PPCPs, climate conditions, and characteristics of landfill sites (i.e., landfill ages) as well as sociological factors (i.e., economic development), were extensively discussed to understand their occurrence patterns. Future perspectives were also proposed in light of the identified knowledge gaps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review regarding the occurrence and removal of PPCPs from landfill leachates worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuguang Lyu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenxiao Cai
- MicroHAOPs Inc., University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Villarín MC, Merel S. Paradigm shifts and current challenges in wastewater management. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:122139. [PMID: 32007860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is a significant environmental and public health concern which management is a constant challenge since antiquity. Wastewater research has increased exponentially over the last decades. This paper provides a global overview of the exponentially increasing wastewater research in order to identify current challenges and paradigm shifts. Besides households, hospitals and typical industries, other sources of wastewater appear due to emerging activities like hydraulic fracturing. While the composition of wastewater needs constant reassessment to identify contaminants of interest, the comprehensive chemical and toxicological analysis remains one of the main challenges in wastewater research. Moreover, recent changes in the public perception of wastewater has led to several paradigm shifts: i) water reuse considering wastewater as a water resource rather than a hazardous waste, ii) wastewater-based epidemiology considering wastewater as a source of information regarding the overall health of a population through the analysis of specific biomarkers, iii) circular economy through the implementation of treatment processes aiming at harvesting valuable components such as precious metals or producing valuable goods such as biofuel. However, wastewater research should also address social challenges such as the public acceptance of water reuse or the access to basic sanitation that is not available for nearly a third of the world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Villarín
- Department of Human Geography, University of Seville, c/ Doña María de Padilla s/n, 41004, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Merel
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817, Bergen, Norway; INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France.
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Gao X, Wang X, Li J, Ai S, Fu X, Fan B, Li W, Liu Z. Aquatic life criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment of DEET in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109881. [PMID: 31704324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is the most widely used active ingredient in commercial insect repellents. In addition to its adverse effects in insects, DEET can affect non-target organisms in surface water systems. Nevertheless, the aquatic life criteria of DEET are not available. This study conducted both acute and chronic toxicity tests on DEET in native Chinese aquatic species, and derived its criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC). The determined CMC and CCC of DEET were 21.53 and 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity data indicated that DEET exposure posed a higher toxicity to some algae than other aquatic species. Compared with other insect repellents, DEET exposure posed a moderate toxicity to aquatic species. Therefore, the exposure concentration of DEET in Chinese surface water was collected to assess the potential ecological risk. The preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that DEET posed negligible risk to aquatic ecosystems in China. However, considering its toxic effects on the growth and reproduction to aquatic organisms, the ecological risk posed by DEET is worth further concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shunhao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaolin Fu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Marques Dos Santos M, Hoppe-Jones C, Snyder SA. DEET occurrence in wastewaters: Seasonal, spatial and diurnal variability - mismatches between consumption data and environmental detection. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105038. [PMID: 31421387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is one of the most frequently detected trace organic contaminants (TOrC) in wastewaters and is used primarily as an insect repellent. It was introduced for use in the general public in 1957. It is ubiquitously present in the environment and DEET concentrations are usually among the highest reported for TOrCs. Due to recent concerns about possible analytical interferences in detection methods being reported, this study focused on possible artifacts caused by seasonal, spatial, and diurnal variations in wastewater influent concentration of DEET. We also compared usage data to observed wastewater concentrations of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in four different regions in the US monitored from November 2014 to November 2016. Consumption data obtained reveal patterns of consumption according to climatic regions and season. During the summer DEET usage accounts for almost 60% of all usage during a year, while during the winter months DEET usage accounts for <5%. Concerning spatial distribution, while per capita consumption of DEET in Florida is three times higher than the one observed in Arizona (44 g vs 14 g), DEET concentrations in wastewater tend to be much higher in Arizona. Regardless of WWTPs or monitoring period, concentrations as high as 15,200 ng/L were observed during the month of October 2016. While DEET has a diurnal variation in the wastewater influent, with a maximum at 18:00, the diurnal variability is not enough to explain the great discrepancies between consumption of DEET versus occurrence in wastewaters. Although LC-MS/MS analysis of isobaric and structural mimics suggests some possibility of interferences, NMR spectroscopy analysis of environmental samples does not support the presence of such mimics in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricius Marques Dos Santos
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA; Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Christiane Hoppe-Jones
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Shane Allen Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA; Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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Aminot Y, Sayfritz SJ, Thomas KV, Godinho L, Botteon E, Ferrari F, Boti V, Albanis T, Köck-Schulmeyer M, Diaz-Cruz MS, Farré M, Barceló D, Marques A, Readman JW. Environmental risks associated with contaminants of legacy and emerging concern at European aquaculture areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1301-1310. [PMID: 31252127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of marine ecosystems by contaminants of emerging concern such as personal care products or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances is of increasing concern. This work assessed the concentrations of selected contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of European aquaculture areas, to evaluate their co-variation with legacy contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and faecal biomarkers, and estimate the risks associated with their occurrence. The 9 study sites were selected in 7 European countries to be representative of the aquaculture activities of their region: 4 sites in the Atlantic Ocean and 5 in the Mediterranean Sea. Musks, UV filters, preservatives, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in at least one of the sites with regional differences. While personal care products appear to be the main component of the water contamination, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were mostly found in sediments. As expected, generally higher levels of personal care products were found in sewage impacted sites, urbanised coasts and estuaries. The risk assessment for water and sediment revealed a potential risk for the local aquatic environment from contaminants of both legacy and emerging concern, with a significant contribution of the UV filter octocrylene. Despite marginal contributions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the total concentrations, PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) aqueous concentrations combined to its low ecotoxicity thresholds produced significant hazard quotients indicating a potential risk to the ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aminot
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; IFREMER LBCO, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Stephen J Sayfritz
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway; QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lia Godinho
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Botteon
- Aeiforia Srl, Località Faggiola 12-16, 29027, Gariga, Podenzano, PC, Italy; Di.S.T.A.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Aeiforia Srl, Località Faggiola 12-16, 29027, Gariga, Podenzano, PC, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marianne Köck-Schulmeyer
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marinella Farré
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - James W Readman
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, the Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom
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36
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Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Okoh AI, Okoh AOO. Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3026. [PMID: 31438569 PMCID: PMC6747491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PPCPs are found almost everywhere in the environment especially at an alarming rate and at very low concentration in the aquatic systems. Many methods-including pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and micro-assisted extraction (MAE)-have been employed for their extraction from both surface waters and biota. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) proved to be the best extraction method for these polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable compounds in water. However, ultrasonic extraction works better for their isolation from sediment because it is cheap and consumes less solvent, even though SPE is preferred as a clean-up method for sediment samples. PPCPs are in groups of-acidic (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen), neutral (e.g., caffeine, carbamazepine, fluoxetine), and basic pharmaceuticals, as well as antibiotics and estrogens amongst others. PPCPs which are present in trace levels (ng/L) are more often determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent (HPLC-UV). Of these, LC-MS and LC-MS-MS are mostly employed for the analysis of this class of compounds, though not without a draw-back of matrix effect. GC-MS and GC-MS-MS are considered as alternative cost-effective methods that can also give better results after derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ohoro
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - A O Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - And O O Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Guillet G, Knapp JLA, Merel S, Cirpka OA, Grathwohl P, Zwiener C, Schwientek M. Fate of wastewater contaminants in rivers: Using conservative-tracer based transfer functions to assess reactive transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1250-1260. [PMID: 30625655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting the fate of wastewater contaminants in streams is difficult because their inputs vary in time and several processes synchronously affect reactive transport. We present a method to disentangle the various influences by performing a conservative-tracer test while sampling a stream section at various locations for chemical analysis of micropollutants. By comparing the outflow concentrations of contaminants with the tracer signal convoluted by the inflow time series, we estimated reaction rate coefficients and calculated the contaminant removal along a river section. The method was tested at River Steinlach, Germany, where 38 contaminants were monitored. Comparing day-time and night-time experiments allowed distinguishing photo-dependent degradation from other elimination processes. While photo-dependent degradation showed to be highly efficient for the removal of metroprolol, bisoprolol, and venlafaxine, its impact on contaminant removal was on a similar scale to the photo-independent processes when averaged over 24 h. For a selection of compounds analyzed in the present study, bio- and photodegradation were higher than in previous field studies. In the Steinlach study, we observed extraordinarily effective removal processes that may be due to the higher proportion of treated wastewater, temperature, DOC and nitrate concentrations, but also a higher surface to volume ratio from low flow conditions that favorizes photodegradation through the shallow water column and a larger transient storage than observed in comparable studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Guillet
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia L A Knapp
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Merel
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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The strength in numbers: comprehensive characterization of house dust using complementary mass spectrometric techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1957-1977. [PMID: 30830245 PMCID: PMC6458998 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted analysis of a composite house dust sample has been performed as part of a collaborative effort to evaluate the progress in the field of suspect and nontarget screening and build an extensive database of organic indoor environment contaminants. Twenty-one participants reported results that were curated by the organizers of the collaborative trial. In total, nearly 2350 compounds were identified (18%) or tentatively identified (25% at confidence level 2 and 58% at confidence level 3), making the collaborative trial a success. However, a relatively small share (37%) of all compounds were reported by more than one participant, which shows that there is plenty of room for improvement in the field of suspect and nontarget screening. An even a smaller share (5%) of the total number of compounds were detected using both liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thus, the two MS techniques are highly complementary. Most of the compounds were detected using LC with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS and comprehensive 2D GC (GC×GC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electron ionization (EI), respectively. Collectively, the three techniques accounted for more than 75% of the reported compounds. Glycols, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and various biogenic compounds dominated among the compounds reported by LC-MS participants, while hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives, and chlorinated paraffins and chlorinated biphenyls were primarily reported by GC-MS participants. Plastics additives, flavor and fragrances, and personal care products were reported by both LC-MS and GC-MS participants. It was concluded that the use of multiple analytical techniques was required for a comprehensive characterization of house dust contaminants. Further, several recommendations are given for improved suspect and nontarget screening of house dust and other indoor environment samples, including the use of open-source data processing tools. One of the tools allowed provisional identification of almost 500 compounds that had not been reported by participants. ![]()
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Williams M, Kookana RS, Mehta A, Yadav SK, Tailor BL, Maheshwari B. Emerging contaminants in a river receiving untreated wastewater from an Indian urban centre. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1256-1265. [PMID: 30180334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research over the last decade on emerging trace organic contaminants in aquatic systems has largely focused on sources such as treated wastewaters in high income countries, with relatively few studies relating to wastewater sources of these contaminants in low and middle income countries. We undertook a longitudinal survey of the Ahar River for a number of emerging organic contaminants (including pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products and industrial chemicals) which flows through the city of Udaipur, India. Udaipur is a city of approximately 450,000 people with no wastewater treatment occurring at the time of this survey. We found the concentrations of many of the contaminants within the river water were similar to those commonly reported in untreated wastewater in high income countries. For example, concentrations of pharmaceuticals, such as carbamazepine, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ranged up to 1900 ng/L. Other organic contaminants, such as steroid estrogens (up to 124 ng/L), steroid androgens (up to 1560 ng/L), benzotriazoles (up to 11 μg/L), DEET (up to 390 ng/L), BPA (up to 300 ng/L) and caffeine (up to 37.5 μg/L), were all similar to previously reported concentrations in wastewaters in high income countries. An assessment of the population densities in the watersheds feeding into the river showed increasing population density of a watershed led to a corresponding downstream increase in the concentrations of the organic contaminants, with quantifiable concentrations still present up to 10 km downstream of the areas directly adjacent to the highest population densities. Overall, this study highlights how a relatively clean river can be contaminated by untreated wastewater released from an urban centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag no 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia.
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag no 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia
| | - Anil Mehta
- Vidya Bhawan Polytechnic, Udaipur, India
| | - S K Yadav
- Wolkem India Limited, Udaipur, India
| | - B L Tailor
- ICAR-NBBS & LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur, India
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40
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Zhang H, Watts S, Philix MC, Snyder SA, Ong CN. Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in precipitation as revealed by targeted screening through GC-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:210-217. [PMID: 30075377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Facing the tough challenge of precise measurement of ever-increasing numbers of organic contaminants in the environment, there is an urgent need for more reliable and cost-effective methodologies. In this study, we developed and validated a screening method for analysis of over 450 pesticides in precipitation using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was applied to extract target analytes from precipitation. Using this targeted approach, we managed to detect 123 pesticides with maximum retention time shifts below 0.1 min (except for DEET) in 101 precipitation samples collected between October 2015 and March 2017 in Singapore. This is probably the first study to report the measurements of a wide range of pesticides in precipitation. A spectrum of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and their synergists were detected and among them DEET, malathion and carbaryl were the most frequently detected pesticides (detection frequency: 100%, 96% & 67%). The Spearman correlations suggest that some pesticides of different subgroups had significant correlations. It is believed that these finding could shed light on the understanding of the contribution of precipitation to environmental contaminants in water cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Simon Watts
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin C Philix
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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41
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Segal TR, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Nassan FL, Dadd R, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary concentrations of 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA), a major metabolite of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and semen parameters among men attending a fertility center. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2532-2539. [PMID: 29077936 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are specific gravity (SG)-adjusted urinary concentrations of 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA) associated with semen parameters among men attending an academic fertility center? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study did not demonstrate any association between SG-adjusted urinary DCBA concentrations and semen parameters among men attending an academic fertility center. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the most common active ingredient in consumer insect repellents. The recent rise in public health concerns regarding mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika, have led to an increased use of DEET insect repellents, especially among couples planning pregnancy. Animal studies have observed reproductive toxicity from DEET exposure. However, the reproductive health effects of DEET and its metabolites on human reproduction are unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between 2007 and 2015, 90 men participating in a prospective cohort study at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center provided 171 urine samples and 250 semen samples for analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The urinary concentrations of DEET, N,N-diethyl-3-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) and DCBA were quantified by isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry and adjusted by SG. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the association between tertiles of SG-adjusted urinary DCBA concentrations and semen parameters (semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, total progressive motility count, normal morphology and total normal morphology count), adjusting for covariates. DEET and DHMB were not considered for analysis because of the low percentage of detectable concentrations (<7%). Effect modification by BMI and smoking status was explored. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Participants had a median age of 36 years and BMI of 27 kg/m2, and 68% had never smoked. The SG-adjusted geometric mean DCBA urinary concentration was 2.20 μg/l, with 85% detection frequency. The majority of semen parameters fell within the normal range with the exception of progressive motility, where 64% of the men had values below the WHO 2010 lower reference limits. SG-adjusted urinary DCBA concentrations were not associated with semen parameters in unadjusted or adjusted models. Men in the highest tertile of SG-adjusted urinary DCBA concentrations had comparable semen parameters to men in the lowest tertile (2.59 vs. 2.88 ml for semen volume, 47.9 vs. 45.8 million/ml for sperm concentration, 116 vs. 118 million for total sperm count, 25 vs. 24% for progressive sperm motility, and 6.1 vs. 5.8% for morphologically normal sperm). In addition, BMI and smoking status did not modify the associations. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION We had a relatively small sample size with similar socioeconomic backgrounds and with overall relatively low urinary concentrations of DEET biomarkers. However, our sample size was enough to detect moderate differences with at least 80% statistical power, between the first and third tertiles of urinary DCBA concentrations. Limitations also include possible misclassification of DCBA exposure and difficulties in extrapolating the findings to the general population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study found no associations between urinary concentrations of DCBA, a major metabolite of the insect repellent DEET, and semen parameters in men presenting for infertility treatment. While these results are reassuring, further studies including larger sample sizes and higher exposures are warranted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was financed by the National Institute of Health grants R01ES022955 and R01ES009718 and by grant P30ES000002 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia R Segal
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Oh 44122, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramace Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - María Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Merel S, Benzing S, Gleiser C, Di Napoli-Davis G, Zwiener C. Occurrence and overlooked sources of the biocide carbendazim in wastewater and surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:512-521. [PMID: 29684878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim is a fungicide commonly used as active substance in plant protection products and biocidal products, for instance to protect facades of buildings against fungi. However, the subsequent occurrence of this fungicide and potential endocrine disruptor in the aqueous environment is a major concern. In this study, high resolution mass spectrometry shows that carbendazim can be detected with an increasing abundance from the source to the mouth of the River Rhine. Unexpectedly, the abundance of carbendazim correlates poorly with that of other fungicides used as active ingredients in plant protection products (r2 of 0.32 for cyproconazole and r2 of 0.57 for propiconazole) but it correlates linearly with that of pharmaceuticals (r2 of 0.86 for carbamazepine and r2 of 0.89 for lamotrigine). These results suggest that the occurrence of carbendazim in surface water comes mainly from the discharge of treated domestic wastewater. This hypothesis is further confirmed by the detection of carbendazim in wastewater effluents (n = 22). In fact, bench-scale leaching tests of textiles and papers revealed that these materials commonly found in households could be a source of carbendazim in domestic wastewater. Moreover, additional river samples collected nearby two paper industries indicate that the discharge of their treated process effluents is also a source of carbendazim in the environment. While characterizing paper and textile as overlooked sources of carbendazim, this study also shows the biocide as a possible ubiquitous wastewater contaminant that would require further systematic and worldwide monitoring due to its toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merel
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Saskia Benzing
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Carolin Gleiser
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gina Di Napoli-Davis
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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Wieck S, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Not only biocidal products: Washing and cleaning agents and personal care products can act as further sources of biocidal active substances in wastewater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:247-256. [PMID: 29605677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emission sources of biocidal active substances in households have been under discussion since these substances have been detected frequently in municipal wastewater and receiving surface water bodies. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the products responsible for the emission of these substances to wastewater. We analysed the wastewater of two streets for a set of biocidal active substances. Time-proportional sampling was conducted for one week of each season during one year in each street. The 14 substances analysed with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), C12-benzalkonium chloride, carbendazim, 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (CMIT), dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), diuron, icaridine, 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT), piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triclosan, tebuconazole, terbutryn and tetramethrin. Using data available from household product inventories of the two streets, we searched the lists of ingredients for the products possibly being responsible for the emissions. Except for four substances, all substances have been detected in at least 10% of the samples. Highest concentrations were measured for C12-benzalkonium chloride with an average concentration in the daily samples of 7.7 μg/L in one of the streets. Next to C12-benzalkonium chloride, BIT, DEET and icaridine were detected in all samples in average concentrations above 1 μg/L in at least one street. The results show that washing and cleaning agents were important sources for preservatives such as BIT and OIT, while triclosan was apparently mainly emitted through personal care products. The mosquito repelling substances DEET and icaridine were found throughout the year, with highest emissions in summer and autumn. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the sources of biocidal active substances in municipal wastewater are complex and that measures for the prevention of the emission of biocidal active substances into the aquatic environment have to be carried out under different legislations. This has to be taken into account discussing emission reduction at the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wieck
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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Lesser LE, Mora A, Moreau C, Mahlknecht J, Hernández-Antonio A, Ramírez AI, Barrios-Piña H. Survey of 218 organic contaminants in groundwater derived from the world's largest untreated wastewater irrigation system: Mezquital Valley, Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:510-521. [PMID: 29427952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mezquital Valley system is the world's oldest and largest example with regard to use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. Because of the artificial high recharge associated with the Mezquital Valley aquifers, groundwater is extracted for human consumption, and there are plans to use this groundwater as a water resource for Mexico City. Thus, this study analyzed 218 organic micro-contaminants in wastewater, springs, and groundwater from Mezquital Valley. Five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nine semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were detected in the wastewater used for irrigation. Only two SVOCs [bis-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate] were detected in all the wastewater canals and groundwater sources, whereas no VOCs were detected in groundwater and springs. Of the 118 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and 7 reproductive hormones measured, 65 PhACs and 3 hormones were detected in the wastewater. Of these, metformin, caffeine, and acetaminophen account for almost sixty percent of the total PhACs in wastewater. Nevertheless, 23 PhACs were detected in groundwater sources, where the majority of these compounds have low detection frequencies. The PhACs sulfamethoxazole, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, carbamazepine, and benzoylecgonine (primary cocaine metabolite) were frequently detected in groundwater, suggesting that although the soils act as a filter adsorbing and degrading the majority of the organic pollutant content in wastewater, these PhACs still reach the aquifer. Therefore, the presence of these PhACs, together with the high levels of the endocrine disruptor bis-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate, indicate that water sources derived from the recharge of the studied aquifers may pose a risk to consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Lesser
- Lesser y Asociados, S.A. de C.V., Querétaro, Mexico; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Cristina Moreau
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo I Ramírez
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Héctor Barrios-Piña
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
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Aerts R, Joly L, Szternfeld P, Tsilikas K, De Cremer K, Castelain P, Aerts JM, Van Orshoven J, Somers B, Hendrickx M, Andjelkovic M, Van Nieuwenhuyse A. Silicone Wristband Passive Samplers Yield Highly Individualized Pesticide Residue Exposure Profiles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:298-307. [PMID: 29185731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring human exposure to pesticides and pesticide residues (PRs) remains crucial for informing public health policies, despite strict regulation of plant protection product and biocide use. We used 72 low-cost silicone wristbands as noninvasive passive samplers to assess cumulative 5-day exposure of 30 individuals to polar PRs. Ethyl acetate extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis were used for the identification of PRs. Thirty-one PRs were detected of which 15 PRs (48%) were detected only in worn wristbands, not in environmental controls. The PRs included 16 fungicides (52%), 8 insecticides (26%), 2 herbicides (6%), 3 pesticide derivatives (10%), 1 insect repellent (3%), and 1 pesticide synergist (3%). Five detected pesticides were not approved for plant protection use in the EU. Smoking and dietary habits that favor vegetable consumption were associated with higher numbers and higher cumulative concentrations of PRs in wristbands. Wristbands featured unique PR combinations. Our results suggest both environment and diet contributed to PR exposure in our study group. Silicone wristbands could serve as sensitive passive samplers to screen population-wide cumulative dietary and environmental exposure to authorized, unauthorized and banned pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Aerts
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laure Joly
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Szternfeld
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Khariklia Tsilikas
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Castelain
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Van Orshoven
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Hendrickx
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Scientific Service Health and Environment, ‡Scientific Service Chemical Residues and Contaminants, §Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, £Scientific Service Toxicology, and ∥Scientific Service Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, #Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), and ∇Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven, Belgium
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Li Z, Kaserzon SL, Plassmann MM, Sobek A, Gómez Ramos MJ, Radke M. A strategic screening approach to identify transformation products of organic micropollutants formed in natural waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:488-498. [PMID: 28233005 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00635c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many transformation products (TPs) from organic micropollutants are not included in routine environmental monitoring programs due to limited knowledge of their occurrence and fate. An efficient method to identify and prioritize critical compounds in terms of environmental relevance is needed. In this study, we applied a strategic screening approach based on a case-control concept to identify TPs formed along wastewater-impacted rivers. Time-integrated samples were collected over one week at both ends of a river stretch downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall and were analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography interfaced with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS). The screening procedure of the high-resolution MS (HRMS) datasets consisted of three major steps: (i) screening for parent compounds (PCs) attenuated along the stretch; (ii) prediction of potential TPs from these PCs; and (iii) screening for TPs from this list with an increasing trend along the stretch. In total, 32 PCs decreased along the investigated river stretches. From these PCs, eight TPs had increasing concentrations along the studied stretches and could be tentatively identified. The identification of one TP (benzamide) was confirmed by its corresponding reference standard, while no standards were available for the remaining TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sgroi M, Roccaro P, Korshin GV, Vagliasindi FGA. Monitoring the Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater-Impacted Rivers Based on the Use of Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrixes (EEM). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4306-4316. [PMID: 28351133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the applicability of fluorescence indexes based on the interpretation of excitation emission matrices (EEMs) by PARAFAC analysis and by selecting fluorescence intensities at a priori defined excitation/emission pairs as surrogates for monitoring the behavior of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in two catchment basins impacted by wastewater discharges. Relevant EOC and EEM data were obtained for a 90 km stretch of the Simeto River, the main river in Sicily, and the smaller San Leonardo River, which was investigated for a 17 km stretch. The use of fluorescence indexes developed by these two different approaches resulted in similar observations. Changes of the fluorescence indexes that correspond to a group of humic-like fluorescing species were determined to be highly correlated with the concentrations of recalcitrant contaminants such as sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine, which are typical wastewater markers in river water. Changes of the fluorescence indexes related to tyrosine-like substances were well correlated with the concentrations of ibuprofen and caffeine, anthropogenic indicators of untreated wastewater discharges. Chemical oxygen demand and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were correlated with humic-like fluorescence indexes. The observed correlations were site-specific and characterized by different regression parameters for every collection event. Caffeine and carbamazepine showed correlations with florescence indexes in the San Leonardo River and in the alluvial plain stretch of the Simeto River, whereas sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen have always been well correlated in all the investigated river stretches. However, when data of different collection events from river stretches where correlations were observed were combined, good linear correlations were obtained for data sets generated via the normalization of the measured concentrations by the average value for the corresponding collection event. These results show that fluorescence based indexes can be used to monitor the behavior of some trace organic contaminants in wastewater impacted rivers and to track wastewater discharges in streams and rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Roccaro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington , Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States
| | - Federico G A Vagliasindi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Breckwoldt A, Dsikowitzky L, Baum G, Ferse SCA, van der Wulp S, Kusumanti I, Ramadhan A, Adrianto L. A review of stressors, uses and management perspectives for the larger Jakarta Bay Area, Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:790-794. [PMID: 27567200 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Breckwoldt
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Larissa Dsikowitzky
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Gunilla Baum
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon van der Wulp
- Research and Technology Centre, Westcoast (FTZ), Kiel University, Germany
| | - Ima Kusumanti
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
| | - Andrian Ramadhan
- Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Kementerian Kelautan Dan Perikanan (KKP), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luky Adrianto
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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