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Monyela S, Kayoka PN, Ngezimana W, Nemadodzi LE. Evaluating the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Pathogenic Properties of Cannabis Species. Metabolites 2024; 14:253. [PMID: 38786730 PMCID: PMC11122914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cannabis species is one of the potent ancient medicinal plants acclaimed for its medicinal properties and recreational purposes. The plant parts are used and exploited all over the world for several agricultural and industrial applications. For many years Cannabis spp. has proven to present a highly diverse metabolomic profile with a pool of bioactive metabolites used for numerous pharmacological purposes ranging from anti-inflammatory to antimicrobial. Cannabis sativa has since been an extensive subject of investigation, monopolizing the research. Hence, there are fewer studies with a comprehensive understanding of the composition of bioactive metabolites grown in different environmental conditions, especially C. indica and a few other Cannabis strains. These pharmacological properties are mostly attributed to a few phytocannabinoids and some phytochemicals such as terpenoids or essential oils which have been tested for antimicrobial properties. Many other discovered compounds are yet to be tested for antimicrobial properties. These phytochemicals have a series of useful properties including anti-insecticidal, anti-acaricidal, anti-nematicidal, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Research studies have reported excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although there has been an extensive investigation on the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis, the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis on phytopathogens and aquatic animal pathogens, mostly those affecting fish, remain under-researched. Therefore, the current review intends to investigate the existing body of research on metabolomic profile and anti-microbial properties whilst trying to expand the scope of the properties of the Cannabis plant to benefit the health of other animal species and plant crops, particularly in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Monyela
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Wonder Ngezimana
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant and Animal Sciences and Technology, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Marondera P.O. Box 35, Zimbabwe
| | - Lufuno Ethel Nemadodzi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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C.H. S, M B, A P, Naik HR, Naik NM, Rao SN, Moussa IM, Alsubki RA, Ullah F, Elansary HO, B K. Investigation on the insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts as an alternative source for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29060. [PMID: 38623187 PMCID: PMC11016625 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Spodoptera frugiperda is a notorious pest with a broad host range. It severely damages crops, mainly in areas of the globewhere maize and sorghum are grown. The pest is difficult to control due to its adaptive nature and resistance to several insecticides available in the market. So, an identification of the alternative strategy is the prime important in the present context. Insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts were evaluated in the laboratory as a biocomponent against S. frugiperda. The crude extracts of Nostoc muscorum and Spirulina sp. were prepared by using ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether solvents. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction. S. frugiperda larvae in their second instar were given access to fragments of maize leaf that had been treated with various cyanobacterial extracts. The findings displayed that the petroleum ether extract of N. muscorum had the lowest LC50 value of 155.22 ppm, followed by petroleum ether extracts of Spirulina, ethanol extract of N. Muscorum, methanol extract of N. muscorum, ethanol and methanol extract of Spirulina with an LC50 values of 456.02, 710, 780, 1050 and 1070 ppm respectively. Later, the effect of LC50 values on many biological parameters like the larval duration and pupal stages, the percentage of pupation, the weight of the pupal stage, the malformation of the pupal and adult stages, adult emergence percentage, fertility and the longevity of the male and female adult stages of S. frugiperda was examined. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the crude extract to identify the bioactive components that were responsible for the insecticidal properties. The major compounds detected were diethyl phthalate (19.87 %), tetradecane (5.03%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (4.10 %), dodecane (4.03%), octadecane (3.72%), octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3.40 %), ethyl oleate (3.11 %), methyl ester. octadecenoic acid (3.04 %), heptadecane (3.04 %) and phytol (3.02 %). The presence of several bioactive chemicals in the cyanobacterial extracts may be the reason for their insecticidal actions, thus it can be used as an alternative and new source to combat fall armyworm and other crop pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanappa C.H.
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhuraj A
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Harischandra R. Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraj M. Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Saroja N. Rao
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ihab Mohamed Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kariyanna B
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Li M, Li H, Zhang Q, Lv Q. Differential analysis of volatiles in five types of mosquito-repellent products by chemometrics combined with headspace GC-Orbitrap HRMS nontargeted detection. Talanta 2024; 269:125443. [PMID: 38048684 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a method for the differential analysis of volatile chemical components in five novel types of mosquito-repellent products based on chemometrics combined with headspace gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HS-GC-Orbitrap HRMS) nontargeted screening. A total of 358 unknown substances were detected in 30 samples under specific headspace conditions. Through principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, 36 significantly different substances with variable importance in the projection values greater than 1 were further screened, and these substances were accurately identified by GC-Orbitrap HRMS. Most substances were found for the first time in mosquito-repellent products. The clustered heat map, Venn diagram and peak area histogram showed that the mosquito-repellent products had similar volatile composition, and the volatile species and content of different types of mosquito-repellent products significantly varied. Substances, such as eucalyptol, d-limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, dl-menthol and methyl salicylate, may be the main sources of odour in mosquito-repellent products. This work explored the characteristic volatile components in mosquito-repellent products and comparatively analysed the chemical composition of different types of products. It can be generalised to consumer products as a case study and has positive implications for promoting product quality and safety and improving production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Meiping Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- Zhejiang Institute of Product Quality and Safety Science, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Liu Y, Jin R, Lv Q, Zhang Q, Zheng M. Screening and Evaluation of Children's Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2704-2715. [PMID: 38286788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
New mosquito repellent products (NMRPs) are emerging popular repellents among children. There are increasing reports on children's sensitization reactions caused by NMRPs, while regulations on their productions, sales, or usage are still lacking. One of the reasons could be the missing comprehensive risk assessment. We first conducted a nationwide investigation on children's NMRP usage preferences. Then, we high-throughput screened volatile or semivolatile organic chemicals (VOCs/SVOCs) in five representative NMRPs by the headspace gas chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical method. After that, toxic compounds were recognized based on the toxicity forecaster (ToxCast) database. A total of 277 VOCs/SVOCs were recognized, and 70 of them were identified as toxic compounds. In a combination of concentrations, toxicities, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics in the body, 28 chemicals were finally proposed as priority-controlled compounds in NMRPs. Exposure risks of recognized toxic chemicals through NMRPs by inhalation and dermal intake for children across the country were also assessed. Average daily intakes were in the range of 0.20-7.31 mg/kg/day for children in different provinces, and the children in southeastern coastal provinces were found to face higher exposure risks. By controlling the high-priority chemicals, the risks were expected to be reduced by about 46.8% on average. Results of this study are therefore believed to evaluate exposure risks, encourage safe production, and promote reasonable management of NMRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Jin
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Balakrishnan A, Senthilkumar V, Rajan Jeyakumaran S, John J, Vinodh K, Kannan U, Paramasivam B. Prioritization of chemicals in personal care products based on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) potential: An Indian perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105563. [PMID: 38215872 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Numerous organic ingredients present in Personal care products (PCPs) are being detected in sewage which has a high potential to impact the environment. These compounds are called as Emerging contaminants (ECs) or Contaminants of emerging concern. However, the information on the source and occurrence of ECs present in PCPs is very minimal. Specifically, information on the persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B) and toxicity (T) is very scarce. The determination of PBT properties is a complex task given the magnitude of chemicals, thus it is necessary to have a tool to quickly screen and prioritize the most important compounds. Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite™ is one such tool authorized by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for screening purposes. In the present study, several organic compounds present in the PCPs viz. body lotion, sunscreens, moisturizers, hair dyes, and some hair care products were identified and their PBT property was estimated. The results from the study indicate that the order of increasing occurrence of PBT chemicals is sunscreens > moisturizers > body lotion > hair care products > hair dyes. The prioritized compounds were given rank 1 (maximum concern) to rank 4 (minimum concern). From the results, the compounds octocrylene in sunscreens and butylphenyl methylpropional in body lotions were prioritized as Rank 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Varshini Senthilkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sowmiya Rajan Jeyakumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jabez John
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kevin Vinodh
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Uthradevi Kannan
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (EWRE) Division, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jyoti D, Sinha R. Physiological impact of personal care product constituents on non-target aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167229. [PMID: 37741406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are products used in cleaning, beautification, grooming, and personal hygiene. The rise in diversity, usage, and availability of PCPs has resulted in their higher accumulation in the environment. Thus, these constitute an emerging category of environmental contaminants due to the potential of its constituents (chemical and non-chemical) to induce various physiological effects even at lower concentrations (ng/L). For analyzing the impact of the PCPs constituents on the non-target organism about 300 article including research articles, review articles and guidelines were studied from 2000 to 2023. This review aims to firstly discuss the fate and accumulation of PCPs in the aquatic environment and organisms; secondly provides overview of environmental risks that are linked to PCPs; thirdly review the trends, current status of regulations and risks associated with PCPs and finally discuss the knowledge gaps and future perspectives for future research. The article discusses important constituents of PCPs such as antimicrobials, cleansing agents and disinfectants, fragrances, insect repellent, moisturizers, plasticizers, preservatives, surfactants, UV filters, and UV stabilizers. Each of them has been found to display certain toxic impact on the aquatic organisms especially the plasticizers and UV filters. These continuously and persistently release biologically active and inactive components which interferes with the physiological system of the non-target organism such as fish, corals, shrimps, bivalves, algae, etc. With a rise in the number of toxicity reports, concerns are being raised over the potential impacts of these contaminant on aquatic organism and humans. The rate of adoption of nanotechnology in PCPs is greater than the evaluation of the safety risk associated with the nano-additives. Hence, this review article presents the current state of knowledge on PCPs in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jyoti
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Science, Solan, India
| | - Reshma Sinha
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Singh S, Verma AK, Chowdhary N, Sharma S, Awasthi A. Dengue havoc: overview and eco-friendly strategies to forestall the current epidemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124806-124828. [PMID: 37989950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that affects over 100 nations around the world, including Africa, America, the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Those who get infected by virus for the second time are at greater risk of having persistent dengue symptoms. Dengue fever has yet to be treated with a long-lasting vaccination or medication. Because of their ease of use, mosquito repellents have become popular as a dengue prevention technique. However, this has resulted in environmental degradation and harm, as well as bioaccumulation and biomagnification of hazardous residues in the ecosystem. Synthetic pesticides have caused a plethora of serious problems that were not foreseen when they were originally introduced. The harm caused by the allopathic medications/synthetic pesticides/chemical mosquito repellents has paved the door to employment of eco-friendly/green approaches in order to reduce dengue cases while protecting the integrity of the nearby environment too. Since the cases of dengue have become rampant these days, hence, starting the medication obtained from green approaches as soon as the disease is detected is advisable. In the present paper, we recommend environmentally friendly dengue management strategies, which, when combined with a reasonable number of vector control approaches, may help to avoid the dengue havoc as well as help in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satpal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 174103
| | - Arunima Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Autonomous Government P.G. College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India, 485001
| | - Nupoor Chowdhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 174103
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh, India, 160011
| | - Abhishek Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 174103.
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Šulc L, Figueiredo D, Huss A, Kalina J, Gregor P, Janoš T, Šenk P, Dalecká A, Andrýsková L, Kodeš V, Čupr P. Current-use pesticide exposure pathways in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108297. [PMID: 37939438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to characterise exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and tebuconazole through multiple pathways in 110 parent-child pairs participating in the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn study. METHODS First, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of pesticides based on measured urinary metabolites. Second, we compared EDI with estimated pesticide intake from food. We used multiple linear regression to identify the main predictors of urinary pesticide concentrations. We also assessed the relationship between urinary pesticide concentrations and organic and non-organic food consumption while controlling for a range of factors. Finally, we employed a model to estimate inhalation and dermal exposure due to spray drift and volatilization after assuming pesticide application in crop fields. RESULTS EDI was often higher in children in comparison to adults, especially in the winter season. A comparison of food intake estimates and EDI suggested diet as a critical pathway of tebuconazole exposure, less so in the case of organophosphates. Regression models showed that consumption per g of peaches/apricots was associated with an increase of 0.37% CI [0.23% to 0.51%] in urinary tebuconazole metabolite concentrations. Consumption of white bread was associated with an increase of 0.21% CI [0.08% to 0.35%], and consumption of organic strawberries was inversely associated (-61.52% CI [-79.34% to -28.32%]), with urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations. Inhalation and dermal exposure seemed to represent a relatively small contribution to pesticide exposure as compared to dietary intake. CONCLUSION In our study population, findings indicate diet plays a significant role in exposure to the analysed pesticides. We found an influence of potential exposure due to spray drift and volatilization among the subpopulation residing near presumably sprayed crop fields to be minimal in comparison. However, the lack of data indicating actual spraying occurred during the critical 24-hour period prior to urine sample collection could be a significant contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Luo Q, Ai L, Tang S, Zhang H, Ma J, Xiao X, Zhong K, Tian G, Cheng B, Xiong C, Chen X, Lu H. Developmental and cardiac toxicity assessment of Ethyl 3-(N-butylacetamido) propanoate (EBAAP) in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106572. [PMID: 37307698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl 3-(N-butylacetamido) propanoate (EBAAP) is one of the most widely used mosquito repellents worldwide, and is also commonly used to produce cosmetics. Residues have recently been detected in surface and groundwater in many countries, and their potential to harm the environment is unknown. Therefore, more studies are needed to fully assess the toxicity of EBAAP. This is the first investigation into the developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity of EBAAP on zebrafish embryos. EBAAP was toxic to zebrafish, with a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 140 mg/L at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). EBAAP exposure also reduced body length, slowed the yolk absorption rate, induced spinal curvature and pericardial edema, decreased heart rate, promoted linear lengthening of the heart, and diminished cardiac pumping ability. The expression of heart developmental-related genes (nkx2.5, myh6, tbx5a, vmhc, gata4, tbx2b) was dysregulated, intracellular oxidative stress increased significantly, the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly. The expression of apoptosis-related genes (bax/bcl2, p53, caspase9, caspase3) was significantly upregulated. In conclusion, EBAAP induced abnormal morphology and heart defects during the early stages of zebrafish embryo development by potentially inducing the generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and activating the oxidative stress response. These events dysregulate the expression of several genes and activate endogenous apoptosis pathways, eventually leading to developmental disorders and heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Ai
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqiong Tang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Pickett LJ, Amiro M, Hawboldt C, Faraone N. Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) essential oil and main components as potential repellents and acaricides against Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:287-303. [PMID: 36905473 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Repellent and acaricidal activities of essential oils (EO) extracted from common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and main chemical components were evaluated against Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis adult ticks and nymphs. Flowers and leaves were collected from two locations, Harvest Moon trail (HMT) and Port Williams (PW) in Nova Scotia (Canada), and EO were extracted via hydro-distillation. Samples were analyzed using GC-MS, and differences in chemical composition and quantity of compounds detected were reported in relation to the collection site and plant parts. EO were both rich in germacrene D (HMT EO 21.5 ± 1.31% wt; PW EO 25.5 ± 0.76% wt); however, HMT flower EO has a higher concentration of camphor (9.9 ± 0.08% wt) compared to PW flower EO (3.0 ± 0.01% wt). Significant acaricidal activity was reported against I. scapularis adult ticks, particularly for HMT flower EO with a LD50 of 2.4% v/v (95% confidence interval = 1.74-3.35) at 24 h post-exposure. Germacrene D had the lowest LD50 of 2.0% v/v (95% CI 1.45-2.58) among the four compounds after 7 days. No significant acaricidal effect was observed on D. variabilis adult ticks. Yarrow PW flower EO exerted repellent activity towards I. scapularis nymphs (100% repellency up to 30 min); however, repellency significantly declined over time. Yarrow EO exert promising acaricidal and repellent properties, that may be used to manage Ixodes ticks and the diseases they vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Pickett
- Chemistry Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Miranda Amiro
- Chemistry Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Claire Hawboldt
- Chemistry Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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Wang R, Zhang S, Xiao K, Cai M, Liu H. Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of pyrethroid insecticides in surface water and tap water from Taihu Lake, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116565. [PMID: 36279776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are one of the most widely used insecticides globally, posing a severe threat to human health and the environment. In this study, we applied high-throughput organic analysis testing combined with high-volume solid-phase extraction (Hi-throat/Hi-volume SPE) to elucidate the occurrence of 11 pyrethroid insecticides in lake water (n = 37), tributary river water (n = 15), and tap water (n = 6) in the Taihu Lake Basin. Permethrin was found to be the major contributing pyrethroid insecticide (detection rate = 100%). The concentrations of pyrethroid insecticides from different lake regions were revealed in the following descending order: southern > eastern > western > northern. The principal component analysis and multiple linear regression demonstrated that landscape maintenance, agricultural cultivation, and livestock breeding were the main sources of pyrethroid insecticides in the Taihu Lake surface water. Moreover, runoff input plays an important role in their accumulation, while the surrounding rivers contribute 2292 kg of pyrethroid insecticides to Taihu Lake annually. The risk assessment analysis demonstrated that pyrethroid insecticides pose a high risk to both the ecological environment and the surrounding human populations, thereby necessitating effective countermeasures. Furthermore, the pyrethroid insecticides in the Yangtze River Delta region have to be controlled. Overall, this is the first study focused on China that revealed the residue levels in water sources and tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai, 200136, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kaiyan Xiao
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai, 200136, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China; Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, 1000 Xuelong Road, Shanghai, 201209, China.
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Luz TRSA, Leite JAC, de Mesquita LSS, Bezerra SA, Gomes Ribeiro EC, Silveira DPB, Mesquita JWCD, do Amaral FMM, Coutinho DF. Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L. of essential oils from Brazilian Amazon. Exp Parasitol 2022; 243:108405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Borges JCM, Haddi K, Valbon WR, Costa LTM, Ascêncio SD, Santos GR, Soares IM, Barbosa RS, Viana KF, Silva EAP, Moura WS, Andrade BS, Oliveira EE, Aguiar RWS. Methanolic Extracts of Chiococca alba in Aedes aegypti Biorational Management: Larvicidal and Repellent Potential, and Selectivity against Non-Target Organisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3298. [PMID: 36501335 PMCID: PMC9735851 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of formulations containing botanical products for controlling insects that vector human and animal diseases has increased in recent years. Plant extracts seem to offer fewer risks to the environment and to human health without reducing the application strategy's efficacy when compared to synthetic and conventional insecticides and repellents. Here, we evaluated the potential of extracts obtained from caninana, Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. (Rubiaceae), plants as a tool to be integrated into the management of Aedes aegypti, one of the principal vectors for the transmission of arborviruses in humans. We assessed the larvicidal and repellence performance against adult mosquitoes and evaluated the potential undesired effects of the extracts on non-target organisms. We assessed the susceptibility and predatory abilities of the nymphs of Belostoma anurum, a naturally occurring mosquito larva predator, and evaluated the C. alba extract's cytotoxic effects in mammalian cell lines. Our chromatographic analysis revealed 18 compounds, including rutin, naringin, myricetin, morin, and quercetin. The methanolic extracts of C. alba showed larvicidal (LC50 = 82 (72-94) mg/mL) activity without killing or affecting the abilities of B. anurum to prey upon mosquito larvae. Our in silico predictions revealed the molecular interactions between rutin and the AeagOBP1 receptor to be one possible mechanism for the repellent potential recorded for formulations containing C. alba extracts. Low cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines reinforces the selectivity of C. alba extracts. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of C. alba and one of its constituents (rutin) as alternative tools to be integrated into the management of A. aegypti mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline C. M. Borges
- Department of Biotechnology Biodiversity, Graduate School of Biotechnology of Amazônia (Bionorte), Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Departmento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Wilson R. Valbon
- Departmento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lara T. M. Costa
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Sérgio D. Ascêncio
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Gil R. Santos
- Department of Biotechnology Biodiversity, Graduate School of Biotechnology of Amazônia (Bionorte), Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar M. Soares
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Robson S. Barbosa
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Kelvinson F. Viana
- Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Nature, Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu 85870-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Eder A. P. Silva
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Wellington S. Moura
- Department of Biotechnology Biodiversity, Graduate School of Biotechnology of Amazônia (Bionorte), Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Andrade
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Jequié 45206-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Eugenio E. Oliveira
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
- Departmento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Raimundo W. S. Aguiar
- Department of Biotechnology Biodiversity, Graduate School of Biotechnology of Amazônia (Bionorte), Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77413-070, TO, Brazil
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14
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Javaid A, Imran M, Latif S, Hussain N, Bilal M. Functionalized magnetic nanostructured composites and hybrids for photocatalytic elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157683. [PMID: 35940270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and globalization, an enormous use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has resulted their excessive release in water bodies leading to several environmental issues. This release into the environment takes place via household sewage, hospital effluents, manufacturing units and landfill sites etc. The pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are recently listed as emerging contaminants having many adverse effects towards aquatic life, human beings, and the whole ecosystem. The alarming threats of PPCPs demand efficient methods to cope up their hazardous impacts. The conventional wastewater remediations are not specifically designed for the removal of PPCPs and hence, they require advanced technologies and materials for their elimination to ensure water safety. Among various methods employed so far, photocatalysis is considered to be one of the most cost effective and eco-friendly method but it requires a suitable candidate as a photocatalyst. Thanks to the magnetic nanocomposites which have improved the limitations (poor stability, agglomeration, and difficult separation, etc.) of classically used nanomaterials. Magnetic nanocomposites contain at least one component having magnetic properties making their separation easy from the aqueous media after the photodegradation phenomenon. These can be further functionalized with other materials to obtain maximum advantage as photocatalyst. Few examples of such functionalized nanocomposites are inorganic material based magnetic nanocomposites, carbon based magnetic nanocomposites, biomaterial based magnetic nanocomposites, metal-organic framework based magnetic nanocomposites and polymer based magnetic nanocomposites etc. This review covers the global environmental issue of water pollution especially with respect to the PPCPs, their occurrence in aqueous environment and toxic effects on living beings. A comprehensive discussion of the recently reported functionalized magnetic nanocomposites for the photocatalytic removal of PPCPs from water is the main aim of this review. The synthetic/morphological approaches of various functionalized magnetic composites and their mechanism of action are also elaborated. The possible research challenges in the field of magnetic nanocomposites and future research directions are discussed to apply magnetic nanocomposites for wastewater treatment in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Javaid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
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15
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Recla L, Rheault M, Golovin K. Complete Inhibition of Vertical Mosquito Landing through Topographical Surface Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38320-38327. [PMID: 35960251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and malaria have long been a health and economic burden in our society. Such illnesses develop after the pathogen, here arboviruses, are transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes during blood meals. In the case of dengue and chikungunya, such pathogens are transmitted to humans by infected Aedes aegypti females. Prior to feeding the insects rest on vertical surfaces. In this work, a surface roughness threshold was observed for live Aedes aegypti colonies, and below a root-mean-squared roughness of Sq < 0.124 μm the mosquitoes were physically incapable of gripping vertical substrates. This roughness threshold was unaffected by surface wettability or relative humidity. The importance of topographical feature height was understood using a claw-hooking model considering friction. Local defects above this threshold allowed claw hooking to take place, emphasizing the importance of surface uniformity. An antimosquito coating was developed that reduced surface roughness below this threshold when it was applied to realistic surfaces such as wood, brick, wall laminates, and tile. Lowering the surface roughness below the threshold reduced the number of mosquitoes capable of landing on the surfaces by 100%: i.e., no mosquitoes were able to adhere to the treated surfaces. The ability to completely inhibit Aedes aegypti females from landing on surfaces represents a new vector-borne disease control strategy that does not suffer from the nontarget toxicity, resistance, or ecosystem disruption associated with conventional chemical control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Recla
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mark Rheault
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kevin Golovin
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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16
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Zicarelli G, Multisanti CR, Falco F, Faggio C. Evaluation of toxicity of Personal Care Products (PCPs) in freshwaters: Zebrafish as a model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103923. [PMID: 35772612 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are part of the large and growing family of emerging contaminants (ECs). Many daily products such as sunscreens, toothpaste, make-up products, perfume, and others, fall under this definition, and their use is increasing exponentially. Furthermore, the degradation of some components of these products is limited. Indeed, they are able to easily reach and accumulate in aquatic systems, representing a new class of contaminants. Moreover, due to their chemical properties, they can interfere at different biological levels, and for this reason, they need to be thoroughly investigated. We have reviewed the literature on PCPs, with a special focus on the adverse effects on the freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio). The aim of this work is to provide a careful assessment of the toxicity of these compounds, in order to raise awareness for more conscious and responsible use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zicarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166S Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166S Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Falco
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR), Mazara del Vallo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166S Agata-Messina, Italy.
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17
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Ogilvie-Battersby JD, Nagarajan R, Mosurkal R, Orbey N. Microencapsulation and controlled release of insect repellent geraniol in gelatin/gum arabic microcapsules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Wang HV, Pickett LJ, Faraone N. Repellent and acaricidal activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils and rock dust against Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 86:583-598. [PMID: 35230583 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Repellent and acaricidal activity of essential oils extracted from three varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were evaluated on blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say) and American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) in laboratory conditions. Essential oils were extracted and characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tested at different concentrations for long-term repellent activity using horizontal bioassays. In addition, basil essential oils were combined with an inert material (i.e., granite rock dust) with known insecticidal and miticidal properties to assess acaricidal activities against adult ticks. Among the tested basil varieties, var. Jolina essential oil at 15% vol/vol concentration repelled 96% of tested ticks up to 2 h post-treatment. The EC50 for I. scapularis nymphs was 4.65% vol/vol (95% confidence interval: 4.73-4.57). In acaricidal tests, the combination of essential oil from var. Aroma 2 at 10% wt/wt with rock dust resulted in 100% tick mortality after only 24 h post-exposure, with a LD50 of 3.48% wt/wt (95% CI 4.05-2.91) for freshly prepared treatment tested on I. scapularis adults. The most common compounds detected in basil essential oils by GC-MS were linalool (52.2% in var. Nu Far, 48.2% in Aroma 2, 43.9% in Jolina), sabinene (6.71% in Nu Far, 8.99% in Aroma 2, 8.11% in Jolina), eugenol (11.2% in Jolina, 8.71% in Aroma 2), and estragole (18.2% in Nu Far). The use of essential oils alone and in combination with rock dust provides an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for managing ticks and inhibiting vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe V Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Laura J Pickett
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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19
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Rogerio CB, Carvalho Abrantes D, de Oliveira JL, Ribeiro de Araújo D, Germano da Costa T, de Lima R, Fernandes Fraceto L. Cellulose Hydrogels Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Encapsulated in Zein Nanoparticles for Arbovirus Control. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1273-1283. [PMID: 35167254 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The most important arboviruses are those that cause dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, for which the main vector is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The use of repellents is an important way to combat mosquito-borne pathogens. In this work, a safe method of protection employing a repellent was developed based on a slow release system composed of zein nanoparticles containing the active agents icaridin and geraniol incorporated in a cellulose gel matrix. Analyses were performed to characterize the nanoparticles and the gel formulation. The nanoparticles containing the repellents presented a hydrodynamic diameter of 229 ± 9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.38 ± 0.10, and zeta potential of +29.4 ± 0.8 mV. The efficiencies of encapsulation in the zein nanoparticles exceeded 85% for icaridin and 98% for geraniol. Rheological characterization of the gels containing nanoparticles and repellents showed that the viscoelastic characteristic of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose gel was preserved. Release tests demonstrated that the use of nanoparticles in combination with the gel matrix led to improved performance of the formulations. Atomic force microscopy analyses enabled visualization of the gel network containing the nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity assays using 3T3 and HaCaT cell cultures showed low toxicity profiles for the active agents and the nanoparticles. The results demonstrated the potential of these repellent systems to provide prolonged protection while decreasing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Rogerio
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Daniele Carvalho Abrantes
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Jhones L de Oliveira
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tais Germano da Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Renata de Lima
- Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
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20
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Sayed S, Soliman MM, Al-Otaibi S, Hassan MM, Elarrnaouty SA, Abozeid SM, El-Shehawi AM. Toxicity, Deterrent and Repellent Activities of Four Essential Oils on Aphis punicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030463. [PMID: 35161443 PMCID: PMC8839614 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemical insecticides have many harmful effects, including as foodborne residues and environmental contaminants, as well as side effects on natural enemies and serious risks for human health. The use of plant-derived essential oils (EOs) as effective bio-agents has become an essential component of integrated pest management. In this study, the contact toxicity, deterrent, and repellent activities were evaluated for essential oils obtained from Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia, Salvia officinalis, and Salvia rosmarinus, grown at high altitudes in the Taif region, KSA, on Aphis punicae. Furthermore, the toxicity of these EOs against the predator Coccinella undecimpunctata was estimated. A total of 17, 14, 16, and 26 compounds were identified in the EOs of M. piperita, M. longifolia, S. officinalis, and S. rosmarinus, respectively. They showed a variation in the major compounds: M. piperita (Carvone, 61.16%), M. longifolia (Pulegone, 48.6%), S. officinalis (Eucalyptol, 33.52%), and S. rosmarinus (α-pinene, 36.65%). A contact toxicity test on A. punicae imago and C. undecimpunctata larvae showed that LC50 were approximately four-fold greater for all tested EOs towards aphids compared to towards the predator, while the two species of Salvia sp. were more effective than the other two species of Mentha sp. The LC50 values on A. punicae ranged from 1.57 to 2.97 µg/mL, while on C. undecimpunctata larvae, they ranged from 5.96 to 10.33 µg/mL. Furthermore, the EOs of two species of Salvia sp. showed excellent repellence and deterrence against A. punicae. In conclusion, the tested EOs, especially those from Salvia sp., have been shown to be promising natural aphicides, repellent, and deterrent against A. punicae, and they are safe for important insect predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-O.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed-Ashraf Elarrnaouty
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Samia M. Abozeid
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-O.); (A.M.E.-S.)
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21
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Shrestha B, Nhuchhen Pradhan R, Nath DK, Lee Y. Cellular and molecular basis of IR3535 perception in Drosophila. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:793-802. [PMID: 34708523 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IR3535 is among the most widely used synthetic insect repellents, particularly for the mitigation of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and Zika, as well as to control flies, ticks, fleas, lice and mites. These insects are well-known vectors of deadly diseases that affect humans, livestock and crops. Moreover, global warming could increase the populations of these vectors. RESULTS Here, we performed IR3535 dose-response analyses on Drosophila melanogaster, a well-known insect model organism, using electrophysiology and binary food choice assays. Our findings indicated that bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) are indispensable to detect IR3535. Further, potential candidate gustatory receptors were screened, among which GR47a was identified as a key molecular sensor. IR3535 concentrations in the range 0.1-0.4% affected larval development and mortality. In addition, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET, another commonly used insecticide) was found to exert synergistic effects when co-administered with IR3535. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that IR3535 directly activates bitter-sensing GRNs, which are mediated by GR47a. This relatively safe and highly potent insecticide can be largely used in combination with DEET to increase its efficiency to protect livestock and crops. Collectively, our findings suggest that the molecular sensors elucidated herein could be used as targets for the development of alternative insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Nath
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Colombo R, Souza AT. Degradation of ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) during chlorination: Tentative identification and toxicity prediction of its disinfection by-products. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130656. [PMID: 33933999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported the presence of ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) in waters, and the content of this repellent is expected to rise significantly in the future. There are extremely scarce data in the literature regarding the behavior of IR3535 and its derivatives in water. The present work reports the results obtained from experiments conducted under controlled conditions aiming at investigating the transformation of IR3535 in chlorinated water, in addition to an attempt to identify its disinfection by-products (DBPs). The work also reports the findings of analyses conducted in swimming pool water samples which sought to investigate the presence and content of IR3535 and its targeted DBPs in these samples. The results obtained in the controlled experiments show that IR3535 is not completely degraded under the chlorinated conditions evaluated and 9 DBPs were tentatively identified. The presence of IR3535 was detected in both adults and children's pool water samples at concentrations ranging from 62 ng L-1 to 114 ng L-1. Some of the DBPs identified in the controlled experiments were also detected in the pool water samples. The toxicity of the 9 DBPs identified was evaluated using the QSAR model, where some by-products presented mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Colombo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, R. Arlindo Béttio, 100, Vila Guaraciaba, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alanis Tiozzo Souza
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, R. Arlindo Béttio, 100, Vila Guaraciaba, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Wang H, Xi H, Xu L, Jin M, Zhao W, Liu H. Ecotoxicological effects, environmental fate and risks of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the water environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147819. [PMID: 34029823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive use and incomplete removal, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are introduced into the water continuously. It has been proved that the unique properties of PPCPs are influential to organisms and the environment, and gradually affect human health. In this paper, the toxicological effects of typical PPCPs, and the environmental behavior of PPCPs in aquatic are reviewed. The risk assessments of PPCPs in the water are summarized. The research directions of environmental toxicology research of PPCPs in the future are proposed. Many PPCPs were found to be toxic or even highly toxic toward aquatic organisms, and have the potential for bioaccumulation. It is essential to study the acute and long-term toxicity of PPCPs and their metabolites, evaluate the environmental behaviors and make a reasonable assessment of ecotoxicology and human health risks of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linling Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenlu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
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24
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The Potential of a Site-Specific Delivery of Thiamine Hydrochloride as a Novel Insect Repellent Exerting Long-Term Protection on Human Skin: In-vitro, Ex-vivo Study and Clinical Assessment. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3659-3669. [PMID: 34358530 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine hydrochloride (TH) was thought to exert a good insect repellent activity. The purpose of this work was to develop a formulation that releases TH in sustained regimen on human skin. Long lasting protection against mosquito bites was achieved. Pullulan acetate (PA) was used to prepare TH nanospheres. Optimal system was incorporated in Pluronic® hydrogel. Formulae were tested for in-vitro release and ex-vivo permeation. Complete protection time (CPT) was done adopting Kaplan-Meier survival function for the synthetic repellent (DEET), TH solution and nanospheres in hydrogel. Release profile of TH solution, nanospheres and nanosphere-loaded hydrogel (DG) demonstrated an added effect of DG, where t 1/2 was 11.2 ± 1.4 h. SEM for DG showed homogenous dispersion of nanospheres inside the matrix of the gel. Ex-vivo permeation showed only 0.761 ± 0.04% of TH in hydrogel permeated the skin after 12 h, while 44.98 ± 3.2% permeated when TH solution was applied. Clinical study revealed a significant difference in CPT between TH solution with either DEET or (DG) (p<0.05), and no significant difference between DEET and DG with CPT 400 ± 31 and 360 ± 18 min, respectively (P > 0.05). The high efficacy of TH-loaded hydrogel rendered it a successful alternative for DEET, offering long protection against mosquito bites.
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dos Santos J, Lourenço RL, Rosa P, Adams AIH. Development and Validation of a Simple HPLC-UV Method to Assay DEET Repellents and its Application to Different Commercial Forms. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200703133456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
N’,N’-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the most widely used repellent substance worldwide. It is
formulated as aerosol, solution, lotion, gel and patches. However, the official compendia report monographs to analyze
only DEET drug substance and solution.
Objective:
In this study an isocratic HPLC method was validated to assay DEET in lotion, gel and solution, under the
same analytical conditions.
Methods:
The method was validated according to ICH requirements and DEET detection was achieved
at around 11 min, using a C-18 column, a mobile phase composed by methanol, acetonitrile and water
pH 4.5 (45:10:45), flow rate at 1 mL min-1and detection at 270 nm.
Results:
A linear relationship was observed in the range of 2.5 to 100 μg mL-1, the method was precise
(relative standard deviation<2%) and accuracy was demonstrated by DEET recovery values ranging
from 99.5 to 100.2%. The specificity was studied by a forced degradation test, where degradation
products were observed after alkaline degradation and ultraviolet radiation. Appropriate resolution between
DEET, degradation products and excipient peaks indicated the method specificity. Robustness
was evaluated by a full factorial design, and no effect on DEET assay was observed under simultaneous
variation in analytical parameters. The method was applied to assay nine marketed formulations,
demonstrating its good applicability.
Conclusion:
The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of DEET in lotion, gel and
solution, contributing to improve the quality control and the efficacy of these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Lino Lourenço
- Departamento de Farmacia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rosa
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréa Inês Horn Adams
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and Tmax) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future.
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Sopian NA, Jalaludin J, Abu Bakar S, Hamedon TR, Latif MT. Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052575. [PMID: 33806616 PMCID: PMC7967639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of exposure to particle-bound (PM2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential genotoxicity and cancer risk among children living near the petrochemical industry and comparative populations in Malaysia. PM2.5 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler for 24 h at three primary schools located within 5 km of the industrial area and three comparative schools more than 20 km away from any industrial activity. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to determine the analysis of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs. A total of 205 children were randomly selected to assess the DNA damage in buccal cells, employing the comet assay. Total PAHs measured in exposed and comparative schools varied, respectively, from 61.60 to 64.64 ng m-3 and from 5.93 to 35.06 ng m-3. The PAH emission in exposed schools was contributed mainly by traffic and industrial emissions, dependent on the source apportionment. The 95th percentiles of the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimated using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the inhalation risk for the exposed children and comparative populations was 2.22 × 10-6 and 2.95 × 10-7, respectively. The degree of DNA injury was substantially more severe among the exposed children relative to the comparative community. This study reveals that higher exposure to PAHs increases the risk of genotoxic effects and cancer among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Ashikin Sopian
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-97692401
| | - Suhaili Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Titi Rahmawati Hamedon
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
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28
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Wu W, Li S, Yang M, Lin Y, Zheng K, Akutse KS. Citronellal perception and transmission by Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) females. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18615. [PMID: 33122679 PMCID: PMC7596511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae s.s. is a key vector of Plasmodium parasites. Repellents, which may be a promising alternative to pesticides used to control malaria mosquitoes. Although citronellal is a known mosquito repellent, its repellency characteristics are largely unknown. Determining the specific odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs) that detect and transfer the citronellal molecule in A. gambiae s.s. will help to define the mode of action of this compound. In this research, we assessed the repellent activity of citronellal in A. gambiae s.s. using a Y-tube olfactory meter, screened candidate citronellal-binding OBPs and ORs using reverse molecular docking, clarified the binding properties of predicted proteins for citronellal using fluorescence competition binding assay. Results showed that citronellal had a dosage effect on repelling A. gambiae s.s.. The 50% repellent rate was determined to be 4.02 nmol. Results of simulated molecular docking showed that the only proteins that bound tightly with citronellal were AgamOBP4 and AgamORC7. Fluorescence competitive binding assays confirmed the simulations. This research determined that citronellal was captured by AgamOBP4 and transmitted to AgamORC7 in A. gambiae s.s.. Our study will be beneficial in the further understanding the repellent mechanism of citronellal against A. gambiae s.s..
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences & Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences & Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363001, China
| | - Min Yang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences & Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363001, China
| | - Yongwen Lin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences & Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363001, China.
| | - Kaibin Zheng
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences & Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363001, China
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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29
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Najar B, Pistelli L, Venturi F, Ferroni G, Giovanelli S, Cervelli C, Bedini S, Conti B. Salvia Spp. Essential Oils against the Arboviruses Vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Bioactivity, Composition, and Sensorial Profile-Stage 1. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080206. [PMID: 32759742 PMCID: PMC7463507 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses diseases cause a substantial public health burden within their expanding range. To date, their control relies on synthetic insecticides and repellents aimed to control the competent mosquito vectors. However, their use is hampered by their high economic, environmental, and human health impacts. Natural products may represent a valid eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides to control mosquitoes, and mosquito-borne parasitic diseases. The aim of this work was to combine the chemical and sensorial profiles with the bioactivity data of Salvia spp. essential oils (EOs) to select the most suitable EO to be used as a repellent and insecticide against the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), vector of pathogens and parasites, and to describe the EOs smell profile. To do this, the EOs of four Salvia species, namely S. dolomitica, S. dorisiana, S. sclarea, and S. somalensis were extracted, chemically analyzed and tested for their bioactivity as larvicides and repellents against Ae. albopictus. Then, the smell profiles of the EOs were described by a panel of assessors. The LC50 of the EOs ranged from 71.08 to 559.77 μL L−1 for S. dorisiana and S. sclarea, respectively. S. sclarea EO showed the highest repellence among the tested EOs against Ae. albopictus females (RD95 = 12.65 nL cm−2), while the most long-lasting, at the dose of 20 nL cm−2, was S. dorisiana (Complete Protection Time = 43.28 ± 3.43 min). S. sclarea EO showed the best smell profile, while S. dolomitica EO the worst one with a high number of off-flavors. Overall, all the EOs, with the exception of the S. dolomitica one, were indicated as suitable for “environmental protection”, while S. dorisiana and S. sclarea were indicated as suitable also for “Body care”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.N.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.N.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutrafood “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutrafood “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ferroni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.N.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudio Cervelli
- CREA–Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Stefano Bedini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (B.C.); Tel.: +39-050-221-6129 (S.B.); +39-050-221-6125 (B.C.)
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (B.C.); Tel.: +39-050-221-6129 (S.B.); +39-050-221-6125 (B.C.)
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30
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Raslan R, Hassim MH, Chemmangattuvalappil NG, Ng DK, Ten JY. Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Manh HD, Tuyet OT. Larvicidal and Repellent Activity of Mentha arvensis L. Essential Oil against Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030198. [PMID: 32235733 PMCID: PMC7142755 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most dangerous vector-borne diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The use of mosquito repellents to protect human hosts and insecticides to reduce the mosquito population is a crucial strategy to prevent the disease. Here, we reported larvicidal and repellent activities of Mentha arvensis L. essential oil against Aedes aegypti, the main vector of the disease. The essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation from the aromatic plant grown in Vietnam. The yield was 0.67% based on the weight of fresh leaves. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components were menthol (66.04%), menthyl acetate (22.19%), menthone (2.51%), and limonene (2.04%). Toxicity test on Aedes aegypti larvae showed that the median lethal concentrations, LC50 and LC90 were 78.1 ppm (part per million) and 125.7 ppm, respectively. Besides, the essential oil showed excellent repellency on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. At 25%, 50%, and 100% concentration, the respective complete protection times (CPTs) were 45 min, 90 min, and 165 min. When adding 5% vanillin to the essential oil (25%), the complete protection time of the essential oil increased up to 120 min. In conclusion, the EO from Mentha arvensis L. has been shown to be a promising natural larvicide and repellent against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Dung Manh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Dong Nai 810000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
| | - Ong Thi Tuyet
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Dong Nai 810000, Vietnam;
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32
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Zhao R, Wang R, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhao F, Hassan B, Xu Y. Toxicity and repellency of two anthranilates against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2019; 200:105171. [PMID: 31521623 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Aedes albopictus Skuse to transmit several pathogens to humans makes it a very important mosquito with public health significance. Ecofriendly products as alternatives to synthetic chemicals for the control of mosquito vectors are needed. Therefore, the larvicidal and repellent effects of two nontoxic chemicals, butyl anthranilate (BA) and ethyl anthranilate (EA), at different concentrations were compared in A. albopictus. The repellency persistence of BA and three commercial mosquito repellent products (Liushen repellent spray, DKB Korean, Raid repellent spray) against A. albopictus was compared. The results showed that 0.1% concentrations of BA and EA solutions were highly toxic to A. albopictus larvae, and the mortality rate was >90% after 4 h of treatment. We found that BA was more repellent than EA, and at 0.1% BA and 1% EA, and the repellency rates were 53.62% and 38.47%, respectively. Overall, 5% BA presented a significantly longer repellency time than the three commercial repellent products against female A. albopictus. These results indicate that BA has significant larvicidal and repellent effects and can be exploited further for the development of ecofriendly alternatives to existing toxic chemicals currently used for mosquito control.
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Sareein N, Phalaraksh C, Rahong P, Techakijvej C, Seok S, Bae YJ. Relationships between predatory aquatic insects and mosquito larvae in residential areas in northern Thailand. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2019; 44:223-232. [PMID: 31729801 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the poorly understood relationships between mosquito larvae and their predatory aquatic insects in urban and suburban areas of tropical Southeast Asia, where vector-borne diseases are prevalent, aquatic insects were sampled from 14 aquatic habitats in residential areas of Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, during the rainy season (July to November) in 2016. Correlations among biological variables, densities of major predatory aquatic insect groups (i.e., Odonata, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera: OCH group) in wetlands and artificial lentic habitats, and the density of mosquito larvae were analyzed. Among the sampled mosquito larvae, Culex spp. were the most abundant, and both OCH density and water quality were major determinants of Culex spp. density (rs = -0.302 and -0.396, respectively). Logistic regression analyses indicated that the probability of Culex spp. occurrence was significantly and negatively correlated with OCH density. Furthermore, high macrophyte abundance was associated with higher predator density, potentially reducing mosquito density. Hemipteran predators were most negatively correlated with Culex spp. density, regardless of whether macrophyte abundance was high or low (rs = -0.547 and -0.533, respectively). Therefore, hemipteran predators were the most important aquatic insect predators in the urban and suburban residential areas of Chiang Mai, Thailand, and OCH species, such as the hemipteran Micronecta scutellaris, could be used as biological control agents against mosquitoes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Sareein
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chitchol Phalaraksh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panida Rahong
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chotiwut Techakijvej
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sangwoo Seok
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Bae
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wang F, Huang LP, Dai YY, Huang M, Jiang W, Ye LP, Zhu QX. Terminal complement complex C5b-9 reduced megalin and cubilin-mediated tubule proteins uptake in a mouse model of trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:110-119. [PMID: 31618666 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a commonly used industrial solvent and degreasing agent, is known to cause trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome (THS) with multi-system damage, including skin, liver and kidney. Clinical evidence have shown that the kidney injury occurs in THS and our previous studies suggested that the terminal complement complex C5b-9 deposited in impaired renal tubules induced by TCE with unclear mechanisms. In the present study, we questioned whether activation of the complement system with renal deposition of C5b-9 contributes to TCE-induced kidney injury in THS. We established a BALB/c mouse model of TCE sensitization with or without pretreatment of exogenous CD59, a C5b-9 inhibitory protein. H&E staining, PAS staining, and biochemical detection of urinary proteins were performed to assess renal function. Deposition of C5b-9 and expression of CD59 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Sub-lytic effects of C5b-9 in tubular epithelial cells were assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. Expression of endocytosis receptors megalin and cubilin on proximal tubules were assessed by immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR. We found that TCE sensitization induced structural and functional changes of renal tubules in mice, associated with the deposition of sub-lytic C5b-9 on proximal tubular epithelial cells. TCE sensitization decreased proximal tubule uptake of filtered proteins and renal expression of megalin and cubilin, phenotypes that were attenuated by pretreatment with exogenous CD59. Overall, our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying sub-lytic C5b-9 acting on megalin and cubilin, contributes to the renal tubules damage by TCE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Ying Dai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang-Ping Ye
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Essential oils sensory quality and their bioactivity against the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17857. [PMID: 30552358 PMCID: PMC6294827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Repellents are a main tool to prevent the outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases that represents a threat for millions of people worldwide. Plant-based products are very promising, low-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents. Here, we performed an olfactory screening of the essential oils (EOs) of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte (Asteraceae), Lavandula dentata L. (Lamiaceae), and Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) for their possible use as ingredients in topical repellents. The EOs smell profiles were then matched with their repellence against the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera Culicidae). To obtain a more complete bioactivity description, we also tested the EOs oviposition deterrence and the larvicidal activity. The best smell profile was associated with A. verlotiorum EO, while R. chalepensis EO showed the lowest overall pleasantness. All the EOs had a significant activity as skin repellent against Ae. albopictus, deterred the oviposition in the field, and exerted a clear larvicidal activity. Beside the best smell profile, A. verlotiorum EO showed also the longest lasting repellent effect, assuring the complete protection of the treated skin against Ae. albopictus for a time 60% longer than the synthetic repellent DEET.
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Wang Y, Guo S, Cao J, Pang X, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Geng Z, Sang Y, Du S. Toxic and Repellent Effects of Volatile Phenylpropenes from Asarum heterotropoides on Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila. Molecules 2018; 23:E2131. [PMID: 30149520 PMCID: PMC6225349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic and repellent effects of the essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. were evaluated against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila. The essential oils (EOs) from roots (ER) and leaves (EL) of A. heterotropoides were obtained separately by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Major components of ER and EL included methyleugenol, safrole, and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene. Both ER and EL of A. heterotropoides showed certain toxicity and repellency against L. serricorne and L. bostrychophila. 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene, methyleugenol, and safrole were strongly toxic via fumigation to L. serricorne (LC50 = 4.99, 10.82, and 18.93 mg/L air, respectively). Safrole and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene possessed significant fumigant toxicity against L. bostrychophila (LC50 = 0.83 and 0.91 mg/L air, respectively). The three compounds all exhibited potent contact toxicity against the two insect species. Here, the EL of A. heterotropoides was confirmed to have certain toxicity and repellency against stored product insects, providing a novel idea for the comprehensive use of plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Juqin Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xue Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenyang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No. 66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhufeng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuli Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No. 66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shushan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
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Islam J, Zaman K, Chakrabarti S, Chattopadhyay P. Exploration of toxicological impacts following acute and sub-chronic exposure to ethyl anthranilate-loaded mosquito repellent patch. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:209-224. [PMID: 29969653 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, growing concern about the potential toxicity of synthetic repellents has led to the development of environmentally safe non-toxic insect control methods. Present investigation explores the toxicological impacts of ethyl anthranilate-loaded mosquito repellent patch (EAMRP) on respiratory system following acute and sub-chronic inhalation exposure in Wistar rats. Lungs parameters such as enhanced pause, tidal volume, respiration rate, inspiration time, and expiration time were determined using whole body plethysmograph. X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and histology were utilized to study the morphology and microscopical architecture of lungs. Hematological and serum biochemical markers were estimated. Cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-12 were also estimated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using ELISA kits. Finally, acute oral and dermal toxicity studies were carried out to study the accidental or intentional poisoning due to the ingestion and skin contact of EAMRP, respectively. The findings demonstrate that inhalation exposure to EAMRP did not pose any significant dose related toxicity in above mentioned experiments. Further, no appreciable toxicity was observed in both acute oral and dermal exposure. Thus, these results revealed the non toxic nature of EAMRP in preclinical studies. Hence, EAMRP can be used successfully as an alternative to existing synthetic repellents without any potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johirul Islam
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Kamaruz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
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Molins-Delgado D, García-Sillero D, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. On-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for insect repellent residue analysis in surface waters using atmospheric pressure photoionization. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1544:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Differential Expression Profile of lncRNAs from Primary Human Hepatocytes Following DEET and Fipronil Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102104. [PMID: 28991164 PMCID: PMC5666786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the synthesis and use of new chemical compounds is at an all-time high, the study of their potential impact on human health is quickly falling behind, and new methods are needed to assess their impact. We chose to examine the effects of two common environmental chemicals, the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and the insecticide fluocyanobenpyrazole (fipronil), on transcript levels of long non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in primary human hepatocytes using a global RNA-Seq approach. While lncRNAs are believed to play a critical role in numerous important biological processes, many still remain uncharacterized, and their functions and modes of action remain largely unclear, especially in relation to environmental chemicals. RNA-Seq showed that 100 µM DEET significantly increased transcript levels for 2 lncRNAs and lowered transcript levels for 18 lncRNAs, while fipronil at 10 µM increased transcript levels for 76 lncRNAs and decreased levels for 193 lncRNAs. A mixture of 100 µM DEET and 10 µM fipronil increased transcript levels for 75 lncRNAs and lowered transcript levels for 258 lncRNAs. This indicates a more-than-additive effect on lncRNA transcript expression when the two chemicals were presented in combination versus each chemical alone. Differentially expressed lncRNA genes were mapped to chromosomes, analyzed by proximity to neighboring protein-coding genes, and functionally characterized via gene ontology and molecular mapping algorithms. While further testing is required to assess the organismal impact of changes in transcript levels, this initial analysis links several of the dysregulated lncRNAs to processes and pathways critical to proper cellular function, such as the innate and adaptive immune response and the p53 signaling pathway.
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Protection against mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus using a novel insect repellent, ethyl anthranilate. Acta Trop 2017; 174:56-63. [PMID: 28666890 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing concern on the application of synthetic mosquito repellents in the recent years has instigated the identification and development of better alternatives to control different mosquito-borne diseases. In view of above, present investigation evaluates the repellent activity of ethyl anthranilate (EA), a non-toxic, FDA approved volatile food additive against three known mosquito vectors namely, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions following standard protocols. Three concentration levels (2%, 5% and 10% w/v) of EA were tested against all the three selected mosquito species employing K & D module and arm-in-cage method to determine the effective dose (ED50) and complete protection time (CPT), respectively. The repellent activity of EA was further investigated by modified arm-in-cage method to determine the protection over extended spatial ranges against all mosquito species. All behavioural situations were compared with the well-documented repellent N,N-diethylphenyl acetamide (DEPA) as a positive control. The findings demonstrated that EA exhibited significant repellent activity against all the three mosquitoes species. The ED50 values of EA, against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus were found to be 0.96%, 5.4% and 3.6% w/v, respectively. At the concentration of 10% w/v, it provided CPTs of 60, 60 and 30min, respectively, against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Again in spatial repellency evaluation, EA was found to be extremely effective in repelling all the three tested species of mosquitoes. Ethyl anthranilate provided comparable results to standard repellent DEPA during the study. Results have concluded that the currently evaluated chemical, EA has potential repellent activity against some well established mosquito vectors. The study emphasizes that repellent activity of EA could be exploited for developing effective, eco-friendly, acceptable and safer alternative to the existing harmful repellents for personal protection against different hematophagous mosquito species.
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